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without+harm

  • 1 fraus

        fraus fraudis （ gen plur. fraudium, C.), f    [2 FER-], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud: ad fraudem callidi: cum fraude fiat iniuria: fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, L.: occasionem fraudis quaerunt, Cs.: per summam fraudem: Litavici fraude perspectā, Cs.: quod fraudem legi fecisset, L.: ii, quibus per fraudem fuit uti (inperiis), i. e. have obtained wrongfully, S.: sese dedere sine fraude, i. e. unconditionally, Cs.: bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur, L.: exagitabantur omnes eius fraudes, deceptions: fons fraudium.—Of persons, a cheat, deceiver, fraud, T.— A bad action, offence, crime: impia: scelus frausque: priscae vestigia fraudis, V.: nocitura Postmodo natis, H.: fraudes inexpiabiles concipere.— A self-deception, delusion, error, mistake: Inperitos in fraudem inlicis, T.: in fraudem deducere: in fraudem in re p. delabi: Fraude loci et noctis Oppressus, ignorance of, V.— Injury, detriment, damage, hurt, harm: ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem, V.: id mihi fraudem tulit: esse alicui fraudi aut crimini, tend to his injury: ne Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc., L.: quod sine fraude meā fiat, facio, without harm, L.: dies, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere, S.— Person., Fraud, the god of deceit.
    * * *
    fraud; trickery, deceit; imposition, offense, crime; delusion

    Latin-English dictionary > fraus

  • 2 innoxius

    in-noxĭus, a, um, adj., harmless, innoxious.
    I.
    Act.
    A.
    In gen.:

    quaedam animalia indigenis innoxia,

    Plin. 8, 59, 84, § 229:

    vitis viribus (bibentium),

    id. 14, 2, 4, § 31:

    anguis,

    Verg. A. 5, 92:

    vulnera,

    not mortal, curable, Plin. 10, 37, 52, § 109:

    saltus,

    free from noxious animals, id. 3, 5, 6, § 41:

    iter,

    secure, Tac. H. 4, 20:

    hinc vel illinc appellere indiscretum et innoxium est,

    id. ib. 3, 47 fin. —
    B.
    That does harm to none, not guilty, blameless, innocent:

    decet innocentem servum atque innoxium,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 7; Nep. Milt. 8 fin.:

    non possum innoxia dici,

    Ov. M. 9, 628: animus innoxior (al. innoxiior), Cato ap. Prisc. 601 P.:

    paupertas,

    undeserved poverty, Tac. A. 14, 34.—
    (β).
    With gen.:

    criminis innoxia,

    Liv. 4, 44, 11:

    initi consilii in caput regis,

    Curt. 8, 8, 21.—
    (γ).
    With a and abl.:

    ut innoxium abs te atque abs tuis me inrideas,

    i. e. who never harmed you or yours, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 44.—
    II.
    Pass., unharmed, unhurt, uninjured:

    innoxius volvitur in flammis,

    Lucr. 6, 394:

    hi magistratus, provincias aliaque omnia tenere, ipsi innoxii,

    Sall. C. 39, 2; id. ib. 39, 40 fin.:

    sacras innoxia laurus vescar,

    Tib. 2, 5, 63; Col. 12, 38, 8.—
    (β).
    With prep. a and abl.:

    gens a saevo serpentum innoxia morsu,

    Luc. 9, 892:

    faba a curculionibus innoxia,

    Col. 2, 10, 12.— Adv.: in-noxĭē.
    1.
    Harmlessly, without harm:

    emollire alvum,

    Plin. 31, 9, 45, § 102.—
    2.
    Blamelessly, innocently, Min. Fel. Oct. 33.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > innoxius

  • 3 -ne

    1.
    nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].
    I.
    Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

    and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

    Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

    DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—
    2.
    To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.
    a.
    Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

    ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

    ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

    id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

    nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

    id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

    non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

    id. Mil. 29, 78:

    vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

    ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

    Verg. G. 3, 561;

    so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

    nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

    id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

    non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

    Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

    id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

    numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

    id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

    sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

    Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—
    b.
    In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —
    B.
    With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),
    1.
    In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.
    (α).
    With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

    VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

    art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

    ah, ne saevi tantopere,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

    impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

    Verg. A. 6, 832.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    ne me moveatis,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

    si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

    si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

    Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

    ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

    Hor. A. P. 406.—
    2.
    In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

    ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

    id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

    illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

    ne vivam, si scio,

    may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

    sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

    id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

    ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

    id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—
    3.
    In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).
    (α).
    In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

    ego enim, etc.,

    there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

    pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

    id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

    ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

    ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

    id. Sen. 11, 34:

    ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

    id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

    nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

    though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—
    (β).
    In restrictive clauses:

    sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

    only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

    vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—
    4.
    In clauses which denote a purpose or result.
    a.
    Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

    haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

    ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

    id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

    excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—
    b.
    Ut... ne separated:

    quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

    ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

    lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

    id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—
    c.
    Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

    ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

    moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

    Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.
    II.
    In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.
    A.
    In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

    omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

    Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

    vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

    considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

    Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—
    B.
    After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

    metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

    that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

    timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

    id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

    vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

    metuebat ne indicarent,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

    mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

    id. Mur. 41, 88:

    hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

    id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

    esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 715:

    terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

    non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

    pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

    Liv. 24, 42 —
    b.
    When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

    vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

    unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

    id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

    timeo ne non impetrem,

    id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—
    c.
    With the negative before the verb:

    non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

    timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—
    C.
    After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

    qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

    cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

    v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

    Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

    unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

    Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]
    2.
    - nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

    which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.
    (α).
    In direct interrogations, with indic.:

    meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

    potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

    id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

    tune id veritus es?

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

    jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

    id. Pis. 1, 1:

    quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

    id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

    quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

    Verg. A. 4, 538:

    tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

    valuistin?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

    satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

    pergin autem?

    id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

    vin commutemus?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —
    (β).
    Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

    so quin for quine,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

    utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

    sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

    id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

    ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

    Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

    id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

    videto vasa, multane sient,

    Cato, R. R. 1:

    quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—
    (δ).
    Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

    quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

    uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

    id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

    illa rogare: Quantane?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—
    (ε).
    -ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

    misine ego ad te epistulam?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

    rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
    (ζ).
    Rarely = num:

    potestne virtus servire?

    Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

    potesne dicere?

    id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—
    b.
    With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

    est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

    sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

    Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

    ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5:

    cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.
    3.
    nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).
    I.
    In gen.:

    ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

    ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

    ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

    id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

    ne iste,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—
    II.
    Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

    ne tu hercle,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    edepol ne ego,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

    edepol ne tu,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

    ne ista edepol,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

    ne istuc mecastor,

    id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

    ne ille, medius fidius,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

    medius fidius ne tu,

    id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

    edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > -ne

  • 4 n'

    1.
    nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].
    I.
    Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

    and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

    Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

    DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—
    2.
    To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.
    a.
    Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

    ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

    ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

    id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

    nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

    id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

    non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

    id. Mil. 29, 78:

    vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

    ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

    Verg. G. 3, 561;

    so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

    nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

    id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

    non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

    Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

    id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

    numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

    id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

    sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

    Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—
    b.
    In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —
    B.
    With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),
    1.
    In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.
    (α).
    With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

    VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

    art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

    ah, ne saevi tantopere,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

    impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

    Verg. A. 6, 832.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    ne me moveatis,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

    si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

    si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

    Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

    ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

    Hor. A. P. 406.—
    2.
    In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

    ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

    id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

    illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

    ne vivam, si scio,

    may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

    sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

    id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

    ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

    id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—
    3.
    In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).
    (α).
    In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

    ego enim, etc.,

    there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

    pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

    id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

    ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

    ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

    id. Sen. 11, 34:

    ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

    id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

    nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

    though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—
    (β).
    In restrictive clauses:

    sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

    only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

    vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—
    4.
    In clauses which denote a purpose or result.
    a.
    Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

    haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

    ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

    id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

    excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—
    b.
    Ut... ne separated:

    quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

    ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

    lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

    id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—
    c.
    Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

    ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

    moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

    Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.
    II.
    In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.
    A.
    In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

    omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

    Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

    vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

    considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

    Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—
    B.
    After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

    metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

    that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

    timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

    id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

    vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

    metuebat ne indicarent,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

    mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

    id. Mur. 41, 88:

    hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

    id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

    esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 715:

    terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

    non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

    pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

    Liv. 24, 42 —
    b.
    When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

    vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

    unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

    id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

    timeo ne non impetrem,

    id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—
    c.
    With the negative before the verb:

    non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

    timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—
    C.
    After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

    qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

    cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

    v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

    Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

    unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

    Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]
    2.
    - nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

    which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.
    (α).
    In direct interrogations, with indic.:

    meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

    potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

    id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

    tune id veritus es?

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

    jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

    id. Pis. 1, 1:

    quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

    id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

    quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

    Verg. A. 4, 538:

    tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

    valuistin?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

    satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

    pergin autem?

    id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

    vin commutemus?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —
    (β).
    Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

    so quin for quine,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

    utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

    sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

    id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

    ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

    Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

    id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

    videto vasa, multane sient,

    Cato, R. R. 1:

    quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—
    (δ).
    Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

    quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

    uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

    id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

    illa rogare: Quantane?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—
    (ε).
    -ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

    misine ego ad te epistulam?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

    rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
    (ζ).
    Rarely = num:

    potestne virtus servire?

    Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

    potesne dicere?

    id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—
    b.
    With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

    est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

    sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

    Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

    ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5:

    cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.
    3.
    nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).
    I.
    In gen.:

    ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

    ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

    ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

    id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

    ne iste,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—
    II.
    Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

    ne tu hercle,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    edepol ne ego,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

    edepol ne tu,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

    ne ista edepol,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

    ne istuc mecastor,

    id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

    ne ille, medius fidius,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

    medius fidius ne tu,

    id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

    edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > n'

  • 5 ne

    1.
    nē (old forms nei and ni; v. the foll.), adv. and conj., the primitive Latin negative particle, no, not; whereas the negative particle non is a derivative (v. non init.) [prob. of pronominal origin; cf. the Anglo-Saxon na and ne (Engl. no), whence naht (Engl. not) is derived; Sanscr. na, not].
    I.
    Adv., with a single word of a proposition (in early Latin): NE MINVS TRINVM NOVNDINVM, not less than, etc., S. C. de Bacch.; cf. with DVM NE MINVS SENATORIBVS C. ADESENT, twice in the same S. C.;

    and in the form ni: DVM NI MINVS VIGINTI ADSIENT,

    Inscr. Grut. 207, 3. So too:

    DVM NE AMPLIOREM MODVM PRATORVM HABEANT QVAM, etc.,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121 (Sententia de finibus inter Genuates et Viturios regundis lata A. U. C. 637). So, ne minores (verres) quam semestres, Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 21. In the time of Plautus the usage was unsettled, non and ne being used indifferently for simple negation; cf. Lorenz ad Plaut. Most. 105; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 1156.—
    2.
    To this is allied the adverbial use of ne in all periods of the language.
    a.
    Ne... quidem, applies the negation with emphasis to the word between them, not even:

    ne sues quidem id velint, non modo ipse,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

    ne in oppidis quidem... ne in fanis quidem,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 2:

    Philippus non item: itaque ne nos quidem,

    id. Att. 14, 12, 2:

    nulla ne minima quidem aura fluctus commovente,

    id. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:

    non potest dici satis, ne cogitari quidem, quantum, etc.,

    id. Mil. 29, 78:

    vita beata, quam ne in deo quidem esse censes, nisi, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

    ut in foro et in judicio... ne non timere quidem sine aliquo timore possimus,

    id. Mil. 1, 2:

    ne tondere quidem Vellera possunt,

    Verg. G. 3, 561;

    so after a negative, repeating it with emphasis: non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 155:

    nulla species ne excogitari quidem potest ornatior,

    id. de Or. 3, 45, 179:

    non praetermittam ne illud quidem,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2:

    Caesar negat se ne Graeca quidem meliora legisse,

    id. ib. 2, 16, 5:

    numquam illum ne minima quidem re offendi,

    id. Lael. 27, 103; Liv. 28, 42, 16; but when ne... quidem precedes, the negative of the principal verb is omitted:

    sine quā ne intellegi quidem ulla virtus potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    neque enim ipsius quidem regis abhorrebat animus,

    Liv. 29, 12, 10: ne quidem (with no intervening word), not even (late Lat.), Gai Inst. 1, 67; id. ib. 3, 93.—
    b.
    In composition, to make an absolute negation of the principal idea. So in neque and nequiquam; also in nescio and nevolo; and in nefas, nefandus, nepus (for non purus), nequeo, neuter, neutiquam; in nemo, nego, nihil, nullus, numquam, and nusquam; and, lastly, with a paragogic c before o: necopinans and neglego; negotium (i. e. nec-lego; nec-otium). —
    B.
    With a proposition (in all periods of the language, and exclusively),
    1.
    In imperative sentences, to signify that something must not be done.
    (α).
    With imper.: SI HOMINEM FVLMEN IOVIS OCCISIT, NE SVPRA GENVA TOLLITOR, let him not be raised, Leg. Reg.: HOMINEM MORTVVM IN VRBE NE SEPELITO NEVE VRITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Leg. 2, 23; cf.: MVLIERES GENAS NE RADVNTO NEVE LESSVM FVNERIS ERGO HABENTO, ib.: SI NOLET, ARCERAM NE STERNITO, let him not spread, he need not spread, ib. (cf. Gell. 20, 1, 25):

    VECTIGAL INVITEI DARE NEI DEBENTO,

    Inscr. Orell. 3121; cf.

    art. ni, II.: abi, ne jura: satis credo,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 20; 4, 5, 5:

    ah, ne saevi tantopere,

    Ter. And. 5, 2, 27:

    impius ne audeto placare donis iram deorum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    ne, pueri, ne tanta animis assuescite bella,

    Verg. A. 6, 832.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    ne me moveatis,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 1:

    si certum est facere, facias: verum ne post conferas Culpam in me,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 96:

    si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis,

    Cic. Clu. 2, 6:

    ne pudori Sit tibi Musa lyrae sollers,

    Hor. A. P. 406.—
    2.
    In wishes and asseverations: ne id Juppiter Opt. Max. sineret, etc., might Jupiter forbid it! etc., Liv. 4, 2; cf.:

    ne istuc Juppiter Opt. Max. sirit, etc.,

    id. 28, 28.—With utinam: utinam ne in nemore Pelio securibus Caesa accedisset abiegna ad terram trabes, would that not, Enn. ap. Cic. Top. 16, 61 (Trag. v. 280 Vahl.): utinam ne umquam, Mede Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses, Enn ap. Non. 297, 18 (Trag. v. 311 ib.):

    illud utinam ne vere scriberem!

    Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3; v. utinam.—With si:

    ne vivam, si scio,

    may I not live, may I die, if I know, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8:

    sed ne vivam, si tibi concedo,

    id. Fam. 7, 23, 19:

    ne sim salvus, si aliter scribo ac sentio,

    id. ib. 16, 13, 1.—
    3.
    In concessive and restrictive clauses (conceived as softened commands; cf. II. init.).
    (α).
    In concessions, nemo is, inquies, umquam fuit. Ne fuerit:

    ego enim, etc.,

    there may not have been; suppose there was not, Cic. Or. 29, 101; cf.:

    pugnes omnino, sed cum adversario facili. Ne sit sane: videri certe potest,

    id. Ac. 2, 26, 85; 2, 32, 102:

    ne sit sane summum malum dolor: malum certe est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 5, 14:

    ne sint in senectute vires: ne postulantur quidem vires a senectute,

    id. Sen. 11, 34:

    ne sit igitur sol, ne luna, ne stellae, quoniam nihil esse potest, nisi quod attigimus aut vidimus,

    id. N. D. 1, 31, 88; Liv. 31, 7:

    nec porro malum, quo aut oppressus jaceas, aut, ne opprimare, mente vix constes?

    though you be not crushed; supposing you are not crushed, Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39.—
    (β).
    In restrictive clauses:

    sint sane liberales ex sociorum fortunis, sint misericordes in furibus aerarii, ne illi sanguinem nostrum largiantur, etc.,

    only let them not; if they only will not, Sall. C. 52, 12. So, dum ne, dummodo ne, modo ne, and dum quidem ne; v. dum and modo: me vero nihil istorum ne juvenem quidem movit umquam: ne nunc senem, much less now I am old = nedum, Cic. Fam. 9, 26, 2; cf.:

    vix incedo inanis, ne ire posse cum onere existumes,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 174: scuta si homines inviti dant, etsi ad salutem communem dari sentiunt: ne quem putetis sine maximo dolore argentum caelatum domo protulisse, much less can you suppose, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 52; Liv. 3, 52.—
    4.
    In clauses which denote a purpose or result.
    a.
    Ut ne, that not, lest, so that not (very rare after the August. period; in Livy only in a few doubtful passages; in Cæsar, Seneca, and Tacitus not at all; v. under II.): quos ego ope meā Pro incertis certos... Dimitto, ut ne res temere tractent turbidas, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 45, 199 (Trag v. 189 Vahl.): vestem ut ne inquinet, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17. pergunt turbare usque, ut ne quid possit conquiescere, id. Most. 5, 1, 12:

    haec mihi nunc cura est maxima, ut ne cui meae Longinquitas aetatis obstet,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 19:

    ego, pol, te ulciscar, ut ne impune nos illuseris,

    id. Eun. 5, 4, 19:

    excitandam esse animadversionem et diligentiam, ut ne quid inconsiderate negligenterque agamus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 29, 103:

    equidem soleo dare operam, ut de suā quisque re me ipse doceat, et, ut ne quis alius assit, quo, etc.,

    id. de Or. 2, 24, 102.—
    b.
    Ut... ne separated:

    quam plurimis de rebus ad me velim scribas, ut prorsus ne quid ignorem,

    Cic. Att. 3, 10, 3:

    ut causae communi salutique ne deessent,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140:

    lata lex est, ne auspicia valerent, ut omnibus fastis diebus legem ferri liceret: ut lex Aelia, lex Fufia ne valeret,

    id. Sest. 15, 33; id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    vos orant atque obsecrant, judices, ut in actore causae suae deligendo vestrum judicium ab suo judicio ne discrepet,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14.—
    c.
    Qui ne, quo ne, and quomodo ne (ante- and post-class. for ut ne):

    ego id agam, mihi qui ne detur,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 35:

    moxque ad aram, quo ne hostis dolum persentisceret, aversusque a duce assistit,

    Dict. Cret. 4, 11: quaeritis maximis sumptibus faciendis, quomodo ne tributa conferatis, Gr. hôs mê, Rutil. Lup. 1, 9.
    II.
    In the several uses of the adv. ne, described above, the transition to its use to connect clauses is clearly seen (v. esp. I. B. 3. and 4.). In intentional clauses, and after verbs of fearing and avoiding, ne becomes a conjunction.
    A.
    In intentional clauses for ut ne, that not, lest: nolite, hospites, ad me adire: ilico isti! Ne contagio mea bonis umbrave obsit, approach me not; let not my presence harm you, i. e. lest my presence should harm you, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 26 (Trag. v. 405 Vahl.):

    omitto innumerabiles viros, quorum singuli saluti huic civitati fuerunt... ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9:

    Caesarem complexus obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20.—Esp. after verbs expressing forethought, care, etc.:

    vide sis, ne quid imprudens ruas,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 128:

    considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

    Cocceius, vide, ne frustretur,

    Cic. Att. 12, 18, 3 et saep.—
    B.
    After verbs signifying to fear, frighten, etc. (esp. metuo, timeo, vereor, horreo, paveo, terreo, conterreo; also, timor est, metus est, spes est, periculum est), to express the wish that something may not take place; represented in English by that (because in English the particle depends on the idea of fearing, not of wishing):

    metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam flat,

    that it will be discovered, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

    timeo ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

    id. Truc. 4, 2, 61:

    vereor ne quid Andria apportet mali,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 46:

    metuebat ne indicarent,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 57:

    mater cruciatur et sollicita est, ne filium spoliatum omni dignitate conspiciat,

    id. Mur. 41, 88:

    hic ne quid mihi prorogetur, horreo,

    id. Att. 5, 21, 3:

    id paves, ne ducas tu illam, tu autem ut ducas,

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 12:

    esse metus coepit, ne, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 715:

    terruit gentīs, grave ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae,

    Hor. C. 1, 2, 5:

    non periclumst, nequid recte monstres,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 55:

    pavor ceperat milites, ne mortiferum esset vulnus,

    Liv. 24, 42 —
    b.
    When the dependent clause is negative, with non or nihil, that not:

    vereor ne exercitum firmum habere non possit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 12, 2:

    unum vereor ne senatus Pompeium nolit dimittere,

    id. ib. 5, 18, 1:

    timeo ne non impetrem,

    id. ib. 9, 6, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76.—
    c.
    With the negative before the verb:

    non vereor, ne quid temere facias,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 1; 2, 1, 4:

    timere non debeo, ne non iste illā cruce dignus judicetur,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 67, § 171.—
    C.
    After verbs signifying to avoid, warn, hinder, forbid, refuse (caveo, impedio, resisto, interdico, refuto, rarely veto), instead of the simple object, that not, lest:

    qui cavet, ne decipiatur, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 5:

    cavete, judices, ne nova proscriptio instaurata esse videatur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 53, 153; id. Fam. 3, 12, 4;

    v. caveo: casus quidam ne facerem impedivit,

    Cic. Fat. 1, 1:

    unus ne caperetur urbs causa fuit,

    Liv. 34, 39. [p. 1194]
    2.
    - nĕ (also apocopated n' and only n), interrog. and enclit. part. [weakened from nē]. It simply inquires, without implying either that a negative or an affirmative reply is expected (cf. num, nonne), and emphasizes the word to which it is joined;

    which is always, in classic Latin, the first word of the clause (ante- class. after other words: sine dote uxoremne?

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 94; 1, 2, 141; id. As. 5, 2, 78; id. Mil. 3, 1, 92). In direct questions it is translated by giving an interrogative form to the sentence; in indirect interrogations by whether.
    (α).
    In direct interrogations, with indic.:

    meministine me in senatu dicere? etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

    potestne rerum major esse dissensio?

    id. Fin. 3, 13, 44:

    tune id veritus es?

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

    jamne vides, belua, jamne sentis? etc.,

    id. Pis. 1, 1:

    quid, si etiam falsum illud omnino est? tamenne ista tam absurda defendes?

    id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 15, 44:

    quiane auxilio juvat ante levatos?

    Verg. A. 4, 538:

    tun' te audes Sosiam esse dicere?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 217:

    valuistin?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 12.—After an elided s:

    satin habes, si feminarum nulla'st: quam aeque diligam?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11:

    pergin autem?

    id. ib. 1, 3, 41:

    vin commutemus?

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 21 al. —
    (β).
    Esp. with rel. pron.; ellipt.: quemne ego servavi? i. e. do you mean the one whom? etc., Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 13: quodne vobis placeat, displiceat mihi? can it be that what pleases? etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 19; id. Merc. 3, 3, 12; id. Am. 2, 2, 65;

    so quin for quine,

    id. Trin. 2, 2, 79 Brix ad loc.; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 98; id. Most. 3, 2, 50 al.—So with ut and si:

    utine adveniens vomitum excutias mulieri?

    Plaut. Merc. 3, 3, 15; id. Rud. 4, 4, 19:

    sin, saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id. consuadeo,

    id. Merc. 1, 2, 32.—
    (γ).
    In indirect interrogations, with subj., whether:

    ut videamus, satisne ista sit justa defectio,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 43:

    Publilius iturusne sit in Africam et quando, ex Aledio scire poteris,

    id. Att. 12, 24, 1:

    videto vasa, multane sient,

    Cato, R. R. 1:

    quem imitari possimusne, ipse liber erit indicio,

    Varr. L. L. 7, § 4 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 10, § 9.—
    (δ).
    Sometimes affixed to an interrogative pronoun, Plaut. Cist. 4, 1, 2:

    quone malo mentem concussa? Timore deorum,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 295; cf.:

    uterne Ad casus dubios fidet sibi certius?

    id. ib. 2, 2, 107; and:

    illa rogare: Quantane?

    id. ib. 2, 3, 317.—
    (ε).
    -ne is sometimes used for nonne, where an affirmative reply is expected:

    misine ego ad te epistulam?

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 22; id. Trin. 1, 2, 92; 99; id. Most. 2, 1, 15:

    rectene interpretor sententiam tuam,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104.—
    (ζ).
    Rarely = num:

    potestne virtus servire?

    Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226:

    potesne dicere?

    id. Tusc. 1, 27, 67; id. Sen. 16, 56.—
    b.
    With an, annon, or anne, in the second interrogation, v. an.—With necne, v. neque.—Sometimes pleonastic with utrum, followed by an (mostly anteclass.):

    est etiam illa distinctio, utrum illudne non videatur aegre ferendum... an, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 27, 59:

    sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem, nescio,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18 Brix ad loc.; id. Most. 3, 1, 151; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42; cf. Madv. Gram. § 452, obs. 1.—Sometimes, in the second interrogation, ne for an (mostly poet.):

    Smyrna quid et Colophon? Majora minorane fama?

    Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 3:

    ut in incerto fuerit, vicissent victine essent,

    Liv. 5, 28, 5:

    cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4.
    3.
    nē, interj. (incorrectly written nae), = nai, nê, truly, verily, really, indeed (only joined with pers. pron. ego, tu, and with the demonstratives ille, iste, hic, and their advv.; in class, prose usually with a conditional clause).
    I.
    In gen.:

    ne ego homo infelix fui, Qui non alas intervelli,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 169; cf.:

    ne ego haud paulo hunc animum malim quam, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99:

    ne ego, inquam, si ita est, velim tibi eum placere quam maxime,

    id. Brut. 71, 249. So, ne tu, etc., id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 54; Liv. 26, 6, 15: ne ille, Naev. ap. Non. 73, 18 (Trag. Rel. p. 9 v. 40 Rib.); Plaut. Ps. 3, 1, 3; Cic. Cat. 2, 3, 6:

    ne iste,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 24; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 8 al.—
    II.
    Connected with other affirmative particles, as hercle, edepol, mecastor, medius fidius:

    ne tu hercle,

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 6; id. Curc. 1, 3, 38: ne ille hercle, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 76:

    edepol ne ego,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 10:

    edepol ne tu,

    id. ib. 1, 2, 50:

    ne ista edepol,

    id. Am. 2, 2, 213:

    ne istuc mecastor,

    id. Men. 5, 1, 34 (729 Ritschl):

    ne ille, medius fidius,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; cf.:

    medius fidius ne tu,

    id. Att. 4, 4, 6, § 2.— Rarely with a pron. poss.:

    edepol ne meam operam, etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1. (All passages in which ne stands in classic prose without a pronoun are probably corrupt; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 379 sq.; v. Liv. 26, 31, 10; 34, 4, 16 Weissenb.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ne

  • 6 Fraus

    1.
    fraus, fraudis ( gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.:

    fraudum,

    Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. titrôskô, wound, thrauô, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore,

    Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.:

    nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur?

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat,

    Liv. 28, 42:

    hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

    fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem),

    Liv. 1, 53, 4:

    per summam fraudem et malitiam,

    Cic. Quint. 18, 56:

    in fraudem obsequio impelli,

    id. Lael. 24, 89:

    metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

    fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus,

    id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

    Litavici fraude perspecta,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6:

    legi fraudem facere,

    i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet;

    in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc.,

    Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30:

    quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset,

    Liv. 7, 16 fin.:

    facio fraudem senatusconsulto,

    Cic. Att. 4, 12:

    inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi,

    Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:

    si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit,

    Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.:

    sese dedere sine fraude constituunt,

    without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

    sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium,

    Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.):

    audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 28:

    aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat,

    by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2:

    bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur,

    Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.:

    exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae,

    deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101:

    qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium,

    id. Off. 3, 18, 75:

    noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62:

    (Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax,

    id. C. 3, 27, 28.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare):

    fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131:

    gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 10.—
    B.
    In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.):

    otio aptus in fraudem incidi,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.:

    est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,

    Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.:

    si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit,

    id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

    scelus frausque,

    id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

    suscepta fraus,

    id. Pis. 18 fin.:

    nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.:

    re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—
    C.
    In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.):

    is me in hanc illexit fraudem,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 42:

    imperitos in fraudem illicis,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 8 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus... hic in fraudem homines impulit;

    hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,

    Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

    nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi,

    Lucr. 4, 417:

    quemquam pellicere in fraudem,

    id. 5, 1005:

    jacere in fraudem,

    id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4:

    in fraudem incidere,

    Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.:

    in fraudem in re publica delabi,

    id. de Or. 3, 60, 226:

    ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem,

    Lucr. 2, 187:

    ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc.,

    id. 6, 187:

    quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis... oppressum rapit,

    deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—
    2.
    Injury, detriment, damage.
    (α).
    Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena;

    fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio,

    Dig. 50, 16, 131.—
    (β).
    Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra):

    tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23:

    id mihi fraudem tulit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:

    esse alicui fraudi aut crimini,

    to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.:

    quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit,

    id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

    latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49;

    v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO,

    Liv. 1, 24, 5:

    ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

    Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41:

    quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit?

    Verg. A. 10, 72:

    jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem,

    id. ib. 11, 708.
    2.
    Fraus, personified, a deity, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44. In the service of Mercury, as the god of thieves, Mart. Cap. 1, § 51.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Fraus

  • 7 fraus

    1.
    fraus, fraudis ( gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.:

    fraudum,

    Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. titrôskô, wound, thrauô, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore,

    Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.:

    nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur?

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

    fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat,

    Liv. 28, 42:

    hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

    fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem),

    Liv. 1, 53, 4:

    per summam fraudem et malitiam,

    Cic. Quint. 18, 56:

    in fraudem obsequio impelli,

    id. Lael. 24, 89:

    metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

    fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus,

    id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

    Litavici fraude perspecta,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6:

    legi fraudem facere,

    i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet;

    in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc.,

    Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30:

    quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset,

    Liv. 7, 16 fin.:

    facio fraudem senatusconsulto,

    Cic. Att. 4, 12:

    inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi,

    Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:

    si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit,

    Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.:

    sese dedere sine fraude constituunt,

    without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

    sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium,

    Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.):

    audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit,

    Hor. C. 1, 3, 28:

    aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat,

    by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2:

    bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur,

    Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.:

    exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae,

    deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101:

    qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium,

    id. Off. 3, 18, 75:

    noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62:

    (Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax,

    id. C. 3, 27, 28.
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare):

    fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131:

    gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 10.—
    B.
    In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.):

    otio aptus in fraudem incidi,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.:

    est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,

    Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.:

    si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit,

    id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

    scelus frausque,

    id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

    suscepta fraus,

    id. Pis. 18 fin.:

    nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.:

    re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—
    C.
    In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.):

    is me in hanc illexit fraudem,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 42:

    imperitos in fraudem illicis,

    Ter. And. 5, 4, 8 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus... hic in fraudem homines impulit;

    hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,

    Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

    nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi,

    Lucr. 4, 417:

    quemquam pellicere in fraudem,

    id. 5, 1005:

    jacere in fraudem,

    id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4:

    in fraudem incidere,

    Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.:

    in fraudem in re publica delabi,

    id. de Or. 3, 60, 226:

    ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem,

    Lucr. 2, 187:

    ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc.,

    id. 6, 187:

    quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis... oppressum rapit,

    deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—
    2.
    Injury, detriment, damage.
    (α).
    Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena;

    fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio,

    Dig. 50, 16, 131.—
    (β).
    Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra):

    tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23:

    id mihi fraudem tulit,

    Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:

    esse alicui fraudi aut crimini,

    to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.:

    quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit,

    id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

    latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49;

    v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO,

    Liv. 1, 24, 5:

    ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

    Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41:

    quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit?

    Verg. A. 10, 72:

    jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem,

    id. ib. 11, 708.
    2.
    Fraus, personified, a deity, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44. In the service of Mercury, as the god of thieves, Mart. Cap. 1, § 51.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fraus

  • 8 clādēs (clādis, L.)

       clādēs (clādis, L.) is, f    [1 CEL-], destruction, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity: importuna civitatis: Luctifica: magna, S.: captae urbis, L.: agrum omni belli clade pervastat, L.: urbs sine Milonis clade numquam conquietura, without ruining Milo: privatae per domos, the losses of particular families, L.: Cladibus pascere nostris, O.: Troiae Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur, H.—In war, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre: magnam cladem in congressu facere, S.: accipere cladem, to be beaten, L.: magnam populo R. cladem attulit: non volnus super volnus sed multiplex clades, L.: illius noctis, V.: sine clade victor, i. e. without loss, H.—A pest, plague: in ipsos Erumpit clades, O.—A loss, maiming: dextrae manūs, L.—A destroyer, scourge, pest: Libyae, V. — Corruption: Hoc fonte derivata clades, etc., H.

    Latin-English dictionary > clādēs (clādis, L.)

  • 9 impune

    impunius, impunissime ADV
    with impunity; without punishment/retribution/restraint/consequences/harm

    Latin-English dictionary > impune

  • 10 inpune

    inpunius, inpunissime ADV
    with impunity; without punishment/retribution/restraint/consequences/harm

    Latin-English dictionary > inpune

  • 11 clades

    clādes, is ( gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.:

    cladum,

    Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. [kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. klaô, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per - cello, clava, gladius].
    I.
    Prop., a breaking, beating, dashing to pieces; hence,
    A.
    In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies;

    class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum,

    Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3:

    haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas,

    Lucr. 6, 1125:

    dare late cladem magnasque ruinas,

    id. 5, 347:

    etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis,

    Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

    atque haec vetusta... Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori,

    id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25:

    et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis,

    id. Sest. 13, 31:

    cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus,

    id. Pis. 37, 91:

    quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset,

    Sall. C. 39, 4:

    captae urbis Romanae clades,

    Liv. 5, 21, 16:

    publica,

    Tac. A. 14, 64:

    tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars... abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit,

    Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191:

    plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra),

    Liv. 8, 2, 8:

    quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades!

    Lucr. 5, 48:

    aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli,

    id. 5, 369:

    agrum omni belli clade pervastat,

    Liv. 22, 4, 1:

    colonias belli clade premi,

    Curt. 9, 7, 22:

    colonias omni clade vastare,

    id. 4, 1, 10:

    majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat,

    Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132:

    per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est,

    of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38:

    quo tantae cladis pretio,

    i. e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57:

    recens,

    the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.:

    Lugdunensis,

    the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.:

    si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura,

    without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.— Poet.:

    cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris,

    Ov. M. 9, 176:

    Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre:

    ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent,

    Sall. J. 59, 3:

    exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit,

    Liv. 39, 1, 4:

    iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos,

    Verg. A. 12, 556:

    quodsi... supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit,

    Curt. 4, 12, 15;

    so freq.: accipere cladem,

    to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17;

    22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta,

    Quint. 9, 2, 62:

    classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit,

    Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7:

    postquam is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana acies,

    Liv. 25, 19, 16:

    omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata,

    id. 29, 3, 8:

    non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades,

    id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4:

    tantā mole cladis obrui,

    Liv. 22, 54, 10:

    terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur,

    Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5:

    binaque castra clade unā deleta,

    Liv. 30, 6, 6:

    exercituum,

    Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch:

    quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet,

    Verg. A. 2, 362:

    Germanica,

    Tac. H. 4, 12:

    Variana,

    id. A. 1, 57:

    Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur,

    id. H. 1, 50. — Poet.:

    ut barbarorum Claudius agmina... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men),

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—
    2.
    Of the plague:

    inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades,

    Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.:

    sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium,

    Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.—
    3.
    Of the loss of a limb:

    Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum,

    Liv. 2, 13, 1.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest:

    geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae,

    Verg. A. 6, 843:

    haec clades,

    of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—
    B.
    Of dissolute morals, corruption:

    fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit,

    Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > clades

  • 12 injuria

    injūrĭa, ae, f. [injurius], any thing that is done contrary to justice and equity, injury, wrong, violence:

    injuria ex eo dicta est, quod non jure fiat! omne enim, quod non jure fit, injuria fieri dicitur: hoc generaliter. Specialiter autem injuria dicitur contumelia. Interdum injuriae appellatione damnum culpa datum significatur: interdum iniquitatem injuriam dicimus, etc.,

    Dig. 47, 10, 1:

    cum autem duobis modis, id est aut vi aut fraude, fiat injuria,

    Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41:

    injuriae sunt, quae aut pulsatione corpus, aut convicio aures, aut aliqua turpitudine vitam cujuspiam violant,

    Auct. Her. 4, 25, 35.
    I.
    Lit.:

    tibi a me nulla orta est injuria,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 35:

    alienum est a sapiente non modo injuriam cui facere, verum etiam nocere,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71:

    injuriam inferre,

    id. Off. 1, 7, 24:

    injurias contumeliasque imponere,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

    injuriam jacere et immittere in aliquem,

    id. Par. 4, § 28:

    in populum Romanum,

    Liv. 44, 1, 10:

    accipere ab aliquo,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 18, 60:

    propulsare,

    id. Rosc. Am. 50, 145:

    defendere,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

    condonare alicui,

    id. B. G. 1, 20:

    persequi,

    id. ib. 7, 38:

    ulcisci,

    id. ib. 1, 12:

    injuriis onerare,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 8:

    per injuriam,

    in an unjust manner, unjustly, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 226.—The abl. injuriā is used adverb., unjustly, undeservedly, without cause:

    ne palma detur cuiquam artifici injuriā,

    Plaut. Poen. prol. 37:

    dispertivisti,

    id. Aul. 2, 5, 4:

    si me meis civibus injuriā suspectum viderem,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

    hoc horret Milo: nec injuriā,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6.
    II.
    Transf., injurious, unlawful, or unjust conduct.
    A. 1.
    Act., injustice, wrongdoing:

    vostrā hercle factum injuriā,

    Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 66:

    quocumque aspexisti, ut furiae, sic tuae tibi occurrunt injuriae,

    Cic. Par. 2, 18:

    ut meum jus teneam et injuriam tuam persequar,

    id. Caecin. 11, 32. —
    2.
    Pass.:

    pro veteribus Helvetiorum injuriis populi Romani,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

    Sabinae mulieres, quarum ex injuria bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 13, 1; cf., so of dishonoring, deflowering a virgin, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 64; id. Cist. 1, 3, 32.—
    B.
    An injurious act, injury, outrage, insult, affront:

    injuriarum multam dicere,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 57:

    injuriarum dicam alicui scribere,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15: actio injuriarum, an action for a personal injury or affront, Cic. Caecin. 12, 35:

    periculum injuriae muliebris,

    Liv. 26, 49, 12:

    agere injuriarum,

    Dig. 47, tit. 10:

    teneri injuriarum,

    ib. 11: injuriarum experiri, ib. fin.:

    injuriarum judicio convenire quempiam,

    ib. 13:

    tantine injuria cenae?

    the insult of a dinner, Juv. 5, 9.—
    C.
    Unjust severity, harshness, rigor:

    (filius) carens patriā ob meas injurias,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 85; cf.

    paterna,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 39.—
    D.
    Revenge or punishment for injury inflicted:

    injuria consulis, etiam si justa, non tamen in magistratu exercenda,

    Liv. 42, 1, 12:

    injuria caedis nostrae,

    Verg. A. 3, 256.—
    E.
    An unjust acquisition:

    injuriam obtinere,

    Liv. 29, 1, 17.—
    F.
    A damage, harm, injury of any kind, even that which proceeds from inanimate things:

    ab injuria oblivionis aliquem asserere,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 4:

    pluviarum,

    Col. 11, 3, 7:

    ignis,

    id. ib.:

    frigorum, grandinum aut nivis,

    Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 134:

    puellam vinculis onerat, ex quorum injuria decessit,

    Just. 43, 2:

    comparere incolumem ac sine injuria,

    Suet. Aug. 14:

    haerens injuria lumbis,

    pain, disease, Ser. Samm. 38, 452:

    curandum ne magna injuria fiat fortibus,

    Juv. 8, 121.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > injuria

  • 13 innocens

    in-nŏcens, entis, adj. ( gen. plur. innocentūm, Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 5;

    but innocentium,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 52, § 116), that does no harm.
    I.
    Lit., harmless, inoffensive, innoxious (syn. insons):

    epistula,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 18:

    ruina,

    Mart. 1, 83, 11:

    innocentis pocula Lesbii,

    Hor. C. 1, 17, 21:

    innocentior cibus,

    Plin. 23, 7, 67, § 132.—
    II.
    Transf., that harms no one, blameless, guiltless, innocent.
    A.
    In gen.: servus, Plant. Capt. 3, 5, 7: [p. 958] innocens is dicitur, non qui leviter nocet, sed qui nihil nocet, Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 41:

    innocens si accusatus sit, absolvi potest,

    id. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:

    vir integer, innocens, religiosus,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7:

    parricidii,

    Flor. 4, 1:

    factorum innocens sum,

    Tac. A. 4, 34:

    innocentissimo patre privatus est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 88:

    contentiones,

    carried on without bitterness, Vell. 1, 11, 6:

    vita innocentissimus,

    id. 2, 2, 2.—As subst.: innŏcens, entis, m., the guiltless man:

    cum innocente abstinentiā certabat (Cato),

    Sall. C. 54, 5; Auct. Her. 2, 3, 5. —
    B.
    In partic., disinterested, upright:

    praetores,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 12:

    vir innocens et industrius,

    Suet. Vit. 2; Plin. Pan. 28, 3.—Hence, adv.: innŏcenter, harmlessly, blamelessly, innocently:

    vivere,

    Quint. 7, 4, 18:

    opes innocenter paratae,

    Tac. A. 4, 44.— Comp.:

    omnia, quae caeduntur, innocentius decrescente luna, quam crescente fiunt,

    more safely, better, Plin. 18, 32, 75, § 321:

    agere,

    Tac. H. 1, 9. — Sup.: vita innocentissime acta, Auct. Decl. ap. Sall. 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > innocens

  • 14 innocenter

    in-nŏcens, entis, adj. ( gen. plur. innocentūm, Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 5;

    but innocentium,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 52, § 116), that does no harm.
    I.
    Lit., harmless, inoffensive, innoxious (syn. insons):

    epistula,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 18:

    ruina,

    Mart. 1, 83, 11:

    innocentis pocula Lesbii,

    Hor. C. 1, 17, 21:

    innocentior cibus,

    Plin. 23, 7, 67, § 132.—
    II.
    Transf., that harms no one, blameless, guiltless, innocent.
    A.
    In gen.: servus, Plant. Capt. 3, 5, 7: [p. 958] innocens is dicitur, non qui leviter nocet, sed qui nihil nocet, Cic. Tusc. 5, 14, 41:

    innocens si accusatus sit, absolvi potest,

    id. Rosc. Am. 20, 56:

    vir integer, innocens, religiosus,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7:

    parricidii,

    Flor. 4, 1:

    factorum innocens sum,

    Tac. A. 4, 34:

    innocentissimo patre privatus est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 33, § 88:

    contentiones,

    carried on without bitterness, Vell. 1, 11, 6:

    vita innocentissimus,

    id. 2, 2, 2.—As subst.: innŏcens, entis, m., the guiltless man:

    cum innocente abstinentiā certabat (Cato),

    Sall. C. 54, 5; Auct. Her. 2, 3, 5. —
    B.
    In partic., disinterested, upright:

    praetores,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 12:

    vir innocens et industrius,

    Suet. Vit. 2; Plin. Pan. 28, 3.—Hence, adv.: innŏcenter, harmlessly, blamelessly, innocently:

    vivere,

    Quint. 7, 4, 18:

    opes innocenter paratae,

    Tac. A. 4, 44.— Comp.:

    omnia, quae caeduntur, innocentius decrescente luna, quam crescente fiunt,

    more safely, better, Plin. 18, 32, 75, § 321:

    agere,

    Tac. H. 1, 9. — Sup.: vita innocentissime acta, Auct. Decl. ap. Sall. 2.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > innocenter

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  • Harm reduction — is a philosophy of public health, intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain potentially dangerous lifestyle choices in society. The central idea of harm reduction is the recognition that some people always have and… …   Wikipedia

  • harm — Ⅰ. harm UK US /hɑːm/ noun [C or U] ► damage done to something: »The board failed to prove irreparable harm in its suit against the council. »The harms associated with climate change are serious and well recognized. not do (any) harm to sb/sth… …   Financial and business terms

  • without power to harm — index innocuous Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • without tendency to harm — index innocuous Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 …   Law dictionary

  • Harm Ottenbros — (born 27 June 1943 in Alkmaar) is a former Dutch road bicycle racer who raced as a professional from 1967 to 1976. Ottenbros is best remembered for capturing the gold medal and rainbow jersey at the 1969 world cycling championship road race in… …   Wikipedia

  • without detriment (to somebody) — without detriment (to sb/sth) idiom not resulting in harm or damage to sb/sth • This tax cannot be introduced without detriment to people s living standards. Main entry: ↑detrimentidiom …   Useful english dictionary

  • without detriment (to something) — without detriment (to sb/sth) idiom not resulting in harm or damage to sb/sth • This tax cannot be introduced without detriment to people s living standards. Main entry: ↑detrimentidiom …   Useful english dictionary

  • Harm principle — The harm principle holds that the actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals. John Stuart Mill first articulated this principle in On Liberty, where he argued that the only purpose for which power can be… …   Wikipedia

  • Harm's Way (Angel) — Infobox Television episode Title = Harm s Way Series = Angel Caption = {Caption|} Season = 5 Episode = 09 Airdate = January 14, 2004 Production = 5ADH09 Writer = Elizabeth Craft Sarah Fain Director = Vern Gillum Guests = Mercedes McNab (Harmony)… …   Wikipedia

  • harm — A contested concept, whose central cases include bodily injury and injury to one s central and legitimate interests. Harm has some connotations of permanence, so one might hurt oneself temporarily without harming oneself (stubbing one s toe, for… …   Philosophy dictionary

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