affront

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injūrĭa, ae, f. [injurius], any thing that is done contrary to justice and equity, injury, wrong, violence:

injuria ex eo dicta est, quod non jure fiat! omne enim, quod non jure fit, injuria fieri dicitur: hoc generaliter. Specialiter autem injuria dicitur contumelia. Interdum injuriae appellatione damnum culpa datum significatur: interdum iniquitatem injuriam dicimus, etc.,

Dig. 47, 10, 1:

cum autem duobis modis, id est aut vi aut fraude, fiat injuria,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 41:

injuriae sunt, quae aut pulsatione corpus, aut convicio aures, aut aliqua turpitudine vitam cujuspiam violant,

Auct. Her. 4, 25, 35.

Lit.:

tibi a me nulla orta est injuria,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 35:

alienum est a sapiente non modo injuriam cui facere, verum etiam nocere,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71:

injuriam inferre,

id. Off. 1, 7, 24:

injurias contumeliasque imponere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

injuriam jacere et immittere in aliquem,

id. Par. 4, § 28:

in populum Romanum,

Liv. 44, 1, 10:

accipere ab aliquo,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 18, 60:

propulsare,

id. Rosc. Am. 50, 145:

defendere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

condonare alicui,

id. B. G. 1, 20:

persequi,

id. ib. 7, 38:

ulcisci,

id. ib. 1, 12:

injuriis onerare,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 8:

per injuriam,

in an unjust manner, unjustly, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 226.—The abl. injuriā is used adverb., unjustly, undeservedly, without cause:

ne palma detur cuiquam artifici injuriā,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 37:

dispertivisti,

id. Aul. 2, 5, 4:

si me meis civibus injuriā suspectum viderem,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

hoc horret Milo: nec injuriā,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 6.

Transf., injurious, unlawful, or unjust conduct.

Act., injustice, wrongdoing:

vostrā hercle factum injuriā,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 66:

quocumque aspexisti, ut furiae, sic tuae tibi occurrunt injuriae,

Cic. Par. 2, 18:

ut meum jus teneam et injuriam tuam persequar,

id. Caecin. 11, 32. —

Pass.:

pro veteribus Helvetiorum injuriis populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

Sabinae mulieres, quarum ex injuria bellum ortum,

Liv. 1, 13, 1; cf., so of dishonoring, deflowering a virgin, Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 64; id. Cist. 1, 3, 32.—

An injurious act, injury, outrage, insult, affront:

injuriarum multam dicere,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 57:

injuriarum dicam alicui scribere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15: actio injuriarum, an action for a personal injury or affront, Cic. Caecin. 12, 35:

periculum injuriae muliebris,

Liv. 26, 49, 12:

agere injuriarum,

Dig. 47, tit. 10:

teneri injuriarum,

ib. 11: injuriarum experiri, ib. fin.:

injuriarum judicio convenire quempiam,

ib. 13:

tantine injuria cenae?

the insult of a dinner, Juv. 5, 9.—

Unjust severity, harshness, rigor:

(filius) carens patriā ob meas injurias,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 85; cf.

paterna,

id. ib. 5, 2, 39.—

Revenge or punishment for injury inflicted:

injuria consulis, etiam si justa, non tamen in magistratu exercenda,

Liv. 42, 1, 12:

injuria caedis nostrae,

Verg. A. 3, 256.—

An unjust acquisition:

injuriam obtinere,

Liv. 29, 1, 17.—

A damage, harm, injury of any kind, even that which proceeds from inanimate things:

ab injuria oblivionis aliquem asserere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 4:

pluviarum,

Col. 11, 3, 7:

ignis,

id. ib.:

frigorum, grandinum aut nivis,

Plin. 13, 24, 47, § 134:

puellam vinculis onerat, ex quorum injuria decessit,

Just. 43, 2:

comparere incolumem ac sine injuria,

Suet. Aug. 14:

haerens injuria lumbis,

pain, disease, Ser. Samm. 38, 452:

curandum ne magna injuria fiat fortibus,

Juv. 8, 121.

* * *

* * *

con-tŭmēlĭa (post-class. access. form contŭmĭa, Mart. Cap. 4, § 424; cf.: contumia contumelia, Gloss. Isid.), ae, f. [from a root tem, whence also temno, contemno, and contumax; cf. Dig. 47, 10, 1], abuse, insult, affront, reproach, invective, contumely (cf.: injuria, hubris; very freq. and class. in sing. and plur.):

contumelia a contemptu dicta est, quia nemo nisi quem contempsit, tali injuriā notat,

Sen. Const. 11, 2: patior facile injuriam, si est vacua a contumeliā, Pac. ap. Non. p. 430, 16; cf.

Caecil. ib.: contumeliam alteri facere,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 82; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 79; cf. id. Eun. 5, 2, 26:

contumeliam dicere alicui,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 33; Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 29; Liv. 25, 22, 13:

contumeliam si dicis, audies,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 77:

jacere in aliquem,

Cic. Sull. 7, 23:

meretricum perpeti,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 3; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 96:

in se accipere,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1; cf.:

tanta contumelia accepta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10:

alicui imponere,

Sall. C. 48, 9:

quibus tu privatim injurias plurimas contumeliasque imposuisti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

indignitates contumeliasque perferre,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14: graves, severe reproaches (opp. libera consilia), Hor. Epod. 11, 26:

aliquid in suam contumeliam vertere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8:

per contumeliam,

id. ib. 1, 9; Quint. 4, 1, 11:

contumeliā perfugae appellari ab aliquo,

Caes. B. C. 2, 28; cf. Liv. 3, 50, 6 et saep.:

in contumeliam ignominiamque nostram certare juvat,

id. 4, 4, 12:

contumeliae verborum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5.—In mal. part., violation, Liv. 8, 28, 2; Auct. Har. Resp. 20, 42.—The expression facere contumeliam is censured by Cic. (Phil. 3, 9, 22) in the words of Antonius: nulla contumelia est, quam facit dignus; but it is not clear on what grounds (whether as an archaism, or because it is used after the analogy of jacturam facere, in the sense of contumelia adfici); v. Quint. 9, 3, 13, and cf. esp. Gronov. Observv. 3, 8, pp. 488-502 (pp. 241-247 Frotsch.).—Personified: Contŭmē-lĭa, like Hubris, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28.—

Transf., injury, assault, annoyance, violence, blows, etc. ( = injuria):

naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam,

injury, violence, Caes. B. G. 3, 13; so Phaedr. 1, 2, 21:

praeberi ora contumeliis,

to the blows, Tac. H. 3, 31; 3, 85:

debilitatis suae,

annoyance, hardship, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 9; cf. injuria.

con-tŭmēlĭa (post-class. access. form contŭmĭa, Mart. Cap. 4, § 424; cf.: contumia contumelia, Gloss. Isid.), ae, f. [from a root tem, whence also temno, contemno, and contumax; cf. Dig. 47, 10, 1], abuse, insult, affront, reproach, invective, contumely (cf.: injuria, hubris; very freq. and class. in sing. and plur.):

contumelia a contemptu dicta est, quia nemo nisi quem contempsit, tali injuriā notat,

Sen. Const. 11, 2: patior facile injuriam, si est vacua a contumeliā, Pac. ap. Non. p. 430, 16; cf.

Caecil. ib.: contumeliam alteri facere,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 82; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7 (8), 79; cf. id. Eun. 5, 2, 26:

contumeliam dicere alicui,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 17; id. Bacch. 2, 3, 33; Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 29; Liv. 25, 22, 13:

contumeliam si dicis, audies,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 77:

jacere in aliquem,

Cic. Sull. 7, 23:

meretricum perpeti,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 3; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 96:

in se accipere,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 1; cf.:

tanta contumelia accepta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10:

alicui imponere,

Sall. C. 48, 9:

quibus tu privatim injurias plurimas contumeliasque imposuisti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

indignitates contumeliasque perferre,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14: graves, severe reproaches (opp. libera consilia), Hor. Epod. 11, 26:

aliquid in suam contumeliam vertere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8:

per contumeliam,

id. ib. 1, 9; Quint. 4, 1, 11:

contumeliā perfugae appellari ab aliquo,

Caes. B. C. 2, 28; cf. Liv. 3, 50, 6 et saep.:

in contumeliam ignominiamque nostram certare juvat,

id. 4, 4, 12:

contumeliae verborum,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5.—In mal. part., violation, Liv. 8, 28, 2; Auct. Har. Resp. 20, 42.—The expression facere contumeliam is censured by Cic. (Phil. 3, 9, 22) in the words of Antonius: nulla contumelia est, quam facit dignus; but it is not clear on what grounds (whether as an archaism, or because it is used after the analogy of jacturam facere, in the sense of contumelia adfici); v. Quint. 9, 3, 13, and cf. esp. Gronov. Observv. 3, 8, pp. 488-502 (pp. 241-247 Frotsch.).—Personified: Contŭmē-lĭa, like Hubris, Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28.—

Transf., injury, assault, annoyance, violence, blows, etc. ( = injuria):

naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam,

injury, violence, Caes. B. G. 3, 13; so Phaedr. 1, 2, 21:

praeberi ora contumeliis,

to the blows, Tac. H. 3, 31; 3, 85:

debilitatis suae,

annoyance, hardship, Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 9; cf. injuria.

offensa, ae, f. [1. offendo, like repulsa, from repello], a striking or grating against any thing.

Lit. (very rare):

donec cerussae similis fiat, nulla dentium offensa,

and does not grit against the teeth, Plin. 34, 10, 22, § 104:

sine offensis fricantium,

id. 35, 15, 52, § 184.—

Trop.

Offence, disfavor, displeasure, hatred; enmity:

quin magnā in offensā sim apud Pompeium,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2: quod offensae fuerit in istā cunctatione, te subisse, to incur hatred, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

gravissimam contrahere,

to fall into disgrace, Suet. Vesp. 4:

offensam meruisse,

Ov. P. 4, 1, 16:

habere,

to cause hatred, Quint. 9, 2, 72:

ne minus gratiae quam offensae mereamur,

id. 4, 2, 39:

sinceri et sine offensā in diem Christi,

Vulg. Phil. 1, 10.—

An offending against or violating a law, an offence, crime (mostly in jurid. Lat.):

offensa edicti,

Dig. 3, 1, 6:

levis offensae contrahere culpam, Cod. Th. 4, 11, 1: sub quālibet culpae aut erroris offensā,

ib. 6, 10, 1:

offensae veteris reus atque tacendae,

Juv. 4, 105.—

An injury received, an offence, affront, wrong (perh. only since the Aug. per.):

gustus,

Col. 12, 21, 6:

offensas vindicet ense suas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 40:

in offensis exorabilis,

Vell. 2, 29, 4:

per ejusmodi offensas emetiendum est confragosum hoc iter,

Sen. Ep. 18, 4, 2.—

Of a state of injury, a complaint, inconvenience, indisposition:

sine offensā corporis animique,

Petr. 131:

si quid offensae in cenā sensit,

indisposition, Cels. 1, 6; Sen. Ep. 7, 1; cf. in plur., id. Tranq. An. 2, 1.

quĭdem, adv.

Indeed:

sibi quidem persuaderi, eum, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40:

tantum doleo, ac mirifice quidem,

Cic. Att. 2, 19, 1:

in his locis post solstitium Canicula oritur, et quidem aliquot diebus,

id. Div. 2, 44, 93.—

Esp.

In a confirmation or extension of what precedes, too, also:

et poscit quidem,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 45:

pergam, quo coepi hoc iter, Et quidem ego,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 120:

quod quidem perillustre fuit,

Nep. Att. 12, 3.—

In a qualification or opposing thought, but, however, yet:

utebatur hominibus improbis multis, et quidem optimis se viris deditum esse simulabat,

Cic. Cael. 5, 12:

re quidem verā,

but in fact, Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Hann. 2, 6.—

In the phrases,

Ne... quidem, not even:

ne obsidibus quidem datis pacem redimere potuisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 37 (v. ne).—

Nec (neque)... quidem, and not indeed, and that not (very rare, and never ac or et ne quidem; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. Exc. 111, p. 809 sqq.; Rib. Lat. Part. p. 46 sqq.): his litteris animum tuum confirmandum puto;

nec iis quidem verbis, quibus... sed ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2:

nec ejus quidem rei finem video,

id. ib. 12, 1, 1:

nec nunc quidem viris desidero adulescentis,

id. Sen. 9, 27; Quint. 9, 3, 55. —

At least, certainly, in truth, forsooth:

unum quidem hercle certum promitto tibi,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 26:

non video causam, cur ita sit, hoc quidem tempore,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, 2:

ex me quidem nihil audire potuisses,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 57:

nunc quidem profecto Romae es,

id. Att. 6, 5, 1:

volui id quidem efficere certe,

id. Brut. 3, 13:

quidem certe,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261; Caes. B. G. 7, 50, 4 al.— In expressing the utmost indignation, indeed, truly:

nam istaec quidem contumelia est,

for that is an affront indeed, Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 5; Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 82.—

In introducing an example, for instance, for example:

Dicaearchus quidem et Aristoxenus nullum omnino animum esse dixerunt,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 22, 51; 1, 33, 80; Nep. Att. 11, 4; 14, 1