-
1 determino
dē-termĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to enclose within boundaries, to bound; to limit, prescribe, determine (rare but class.).I.Prop.:II.regiones, limites, confinia,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 49:augur regiones ab oriente ad occasum determinavit,
Liv. 1, 18 fin.; cf.Asiam ab oriente Armenia minore, ab occidente Phrygia, etc.,
Plin. 5, 27, 28, § 102:imaginem templi scipione in solo,
id. 28, 2, 4, § 15.—Transf., to fix, settle, determine:teli ictus,
Lucr. 6, 403:segetes in diem,
Plin. 8, 25, 39, § 77; cf.:diem jejuniis,
Tert. adv. Psych. 2:senatoria et equestria officia biennio spatio,
Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. Or. 16:id quod dicit spiritu, non arte determinat,
measures, Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 175:judicium determinat causas,
Vulg. Prov. 26, 10:mensuram (Ponti),
Plin. 4, 12, 24, § 77.— Poet.:omnia fixa tuus glomerans determinat annus,
Cic. Poet. Div. 1, 12. -
2 includo
in-clūdo, si, sum, 3, v. a. [claudo], to shut up, shut in, confine, enclose, imprison, keep in (class.).—Constr. with in and abl., in and acc., rarely with the simple abl., dat., or absol.I.Lit.(α).With in and abl.:(β).habemus senatusconsultum inclusum in tabulis, tamquam in vagina reconditum,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 4:armatos in cella Concordiae,
id. Phil. 3, 12, 31:in uno cubiculo,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 53, § 133:in curia,
id. Att. 6, 1, 6; 6, 2, 8:omne animal in mundo intus,
id. Univ. 10:dum sumus inclusi in his compagibus corporis,
id. de Sen. 21, 77:consule in carcere incluso,
id. Att. 2, 1, 8; cf.:avis inclusa in cavea,
id. Div. 2, 35, 73; cf.:(Animus) inclusus in corpore,
id. Rep. 6, 26:veriti, ne includerentur vento in hostium orā,
weather-bound on the coast, Liv. 37, 24, 9.—With in and acc.:(γ).aliquem in custodias,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:aliquem in carcerem,
Liv. 38, 59 fin. —With the simple abl.:(δ).inclusi parietibus,
Cic. Rep. 3, 9; cf.:aliquem carcere,
Liv. 38, 60, 6:vim terrae cavernis,
Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79; id. de Sen. 15, 51:inclusus caveā,
Ov. Ib. 521:minora castra inclusa majoribus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 66, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 67 fin.:grandes zmaragdos auro,
i. e. to set, Lucr. 4, 1127; cf.:suras auro,
to sheathe, Verg. A. 11, 488; 12, 430:inclusus carcere nassae,
caught, Juv. 12, 123.—With dat.:(ε).corpora furtim Includunt caeco lateri,
Verg. A. 2, 19:publicae custodiae aliquem,
Val. Max. 4, 6, ext. 3.—Absol., or with acc.:B.inclusum atque abditum latere in occulto,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:fila numerata porri,
Juv. 14, 133:intrat positas inclusa per aequora moles,
id. 12, 75:pars Heracleae incluserunt sese,
Liv. 36, 17, 9;for which: Aetolorum utraeque manus Heracleam sese incluserunt,
id. 36, 16, 5:si quis alienum hominem aut pecudem incluserit et fame necaverit,
Gai. Inst. 3, 219.— Poet.:huc aliena ex arbore germen Includunt,
ingraft, Verg. G. 2, 76. —Transf.1.To obstruct, hinder, stop up (rare, and mostly post-Aug.):2.dolor includit vocem,
Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 48:consuli primo tam novae rei admiratio incluserat vocem,
Liv. 2, 2, 8:spiritum,
id. 21, 58, 4; Plin. 11, 37, 84, § 209:lacrimas (dolor),
Stat. Th. 12, 318:os alicui insertā spongiā, Sen. de Ira, 3, 10: post inclusum volatum,
Pall. 1, 26, 1; cf. 7, 5, 4.—To bound, limit:II.Asiam in duas partes Agrippa divisit: unam inclusit ab oriente Phrygia... alteram determinavit ab oriente Armenia minore, etc.,
Plin. 5, 27, 28, § 102. —Trop.A. (α).With in and abl.:(β).qua de re agitur illud, quod multis locis in jurisconsultorum includitur formulis,
Cic. Brut. 79, 275:similem sui speciem in clipeo Minervae,
id. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:animorum salus inclusa in ipsa est,
id. ib. 4, 27, 58.—With in and acc.:(γ).in hujus me tu consilii societatem tamquam in equum Trojanum cum principibus includis?
Cic. Phil. 2, 13, 32:quam (opinationem) in omnes definitiones superiores inclusimus,
id. Tusc. 4, 7, 15; id. Att. 13, 19, 3:eos in eam formam,
id. Or. 5, 19: [p. 924] orationem in epistulam, id. Att. 1, 16, 10; id. Q. Fr. 1, 7, 24.—With abl. (freq. in Liv.):(δ).illa quae mihi sunt inclusa medullis,
Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3; cf. Liv. 36, 17, 11; 6, 8, 9:oratio libro inclusa,
id. 45, 25, 3:verba versu includere,
Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 184:si aperias haec, quae verbo uno inclusa erant,
Quint. 8, 3, 68; 12, 10, 66:antiquo me includere ludo quaeris,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 3.—With dat.: topothesian quam postulas, includam orationi meae, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 5; cf. Liv. 45, 25, 3:(ε).quas aureae armillae inclusas gestavit,
Suet. Ner. 6 fin.:portae,
Val. Max. 5, 6, 3.—With adv. of place:B.intus inclusum periculum est,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 11.—In partic.1.Of time, to close, finish, end ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):2.sic nobis, qui nunc magnum spiramus amantes, Forsitan includet crastina fata dies,
Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 54; cf. Sil. 13, 686:tempora quae semel Notis condita fastis Inclusit (= consignavit), volucris dies,
Hor. C. 4, 13, 16; so,hujus actionem (vespera),
Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 18:mellationem idibus Nov. fere,
Plin. 11, 16, 15, § 42:omnes potiones aqua frigida,
Cels. 1, 8 fin. —To restrain, control:adversus imperatorem, nullis neque temporis nec juris inclusum angustiis,
Liv. 24, 8, 7. -
3 sei
sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.I.Prop.a.With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).(α).Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):(β).si vis, dabo tibi testes,
Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:si voltis,
id. ib. 1, 28, 44:si placet,
id. ib. 2, 44, 71;1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,
id. ib. 1, 9, 14:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
id. ib. 1, 18, 30:si populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23:si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?
id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,
id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,
id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,
Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,
id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:si quisquam est facilis, hic est,
id. Att. 14, 1, 2:si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,
id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:si aliquid dandum est voluptati,
id. Sen. 13, 44;four times repeated,
id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?
id. 8, 7, 14.—With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,
Cic. Fat. 12, 28:nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,
id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,
Quint. 5, 10, 73:nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—Imperf.:(γ).ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,
id. Sest. 1.—Perf.:(δ).SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 10, 18:quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:si ita sensit, ut loquitur,
id. ib. 3, 21, 32;1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,
id. ib. 2, 12, 24:si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,
id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:si quid sceleste fecit,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?
Tac. A. 12, 37:miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?
Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,
Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,
Cic. Brut. 2, 7:si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,
id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,
id. Deiot. 4, 12:nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,
Quint. 5, 10, 82.—Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:(ε).nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,
Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,
Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,
whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,
id. B. G. 3, 12.—Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:(ζ).alte spectare si voles, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:si jam eminebit foras,
id. ib. 6, 26, 29:si me audietis,
id. ib. 1, 19, 32:si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:id persequar, si potero, subtilius,
Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,
id. ib. 5, 3, 5:si quid te volam, ubi eris?
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):b.si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,
id. ib. 1, 40, 62:expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,
id. ib. 1, 35, 55;1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,
id. Lael. 4, 16:accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,si potuero,
id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:si potuerit,
id. Off. 3, 23, 89:si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,
id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:si modo interpretari potuero,
id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:si ne ei caput exoculassitis,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).(α).Pres.:(β).si habeat aurum,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,
id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,si velim,
Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9:si singulos numeremus,
id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,
id. Lael. 3, 10:si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,
id. Caecin. 18, 51:si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,
Verg. A. 8, 560;also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!
would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,
id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—Imperf.:(γ).qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,
id. ib. 2, 22, 39:si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,
id. ib. 2, 23, 43:quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,
id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,
Verg. A. 11, 415;and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,
id. ib. 5, 398.—Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):(δ).perii, si me aspexerit!
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:victus sum, si dixeris,
id. ib. 1, 1, 272:Romani si casu intervenerint,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—Pluperf.:c.si aliter accidisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,
id. Lael. 7, 25:mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,
id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:si id fecisses,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,
id. Lael. 23, 88:si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,
id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—Ellipt.(α).With pron. indef:(β).istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,
id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):(γ).plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,
Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,
id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:si aliud nihil,
id. 2, 43.—With forte:2.intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,
perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,
id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:B.quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?
Cic. Or. 16, 51:quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,
id. Brut. 2, 7:quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,
id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,
id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—In partic.1.In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:2.apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,
Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,
id. Off. 2, 9, 31:unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5:illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,
Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):3.dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,
Liv. 3, 46:adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,
id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:4.dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,
Caes. B. G. 7, 29:errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—In syllogistic reasonings:5.si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,
id. Fat. 6, 12.—= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):II.quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,
id. Mur. 4, 8; and:quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,
Sall. J. 85, 48.—Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):B.ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,
Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,
Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,
id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,
id. ib. 3, 75:non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,
Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,
id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,
Liv. 39, 50:expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,
Val. Fl. 5, 562:Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,
Liv. 1, 57.—With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:B.L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,
to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,
id. ib. 6, 37:fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,
id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,
Liv. 1, 7:saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,
Verg. A. 9, 512:ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,
Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,
id. 27, 28, 5:alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,
id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,
Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,
id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,
id. 5, 8:ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,
id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:si deus si dea es,
Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,
Gell. 2, 28, 3. -
4 si
sī (orig. and ante-class. form seī), conj. [from a pronominal stem = Gr. he; Sanscr. sva-, self; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 778; Curt. Gr. Etym. 396], a conditional particle, if.I.Prop.a.With indic.; so in gen., in conditions which are assumed to be true, with the verb in pres. or perf.; less freq. in imperf or pluperf.; and in conditions which may probably become true, with the verb in fut. or fut. perf. (Madv. Gram. § 332; Zumpt, Gram. § 517).(α).Pres.: SI IN IVS VOCAT, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 25, and ap. Porphyr. Hor. S. 1, 9, 65: SI MORBVS AEVITASVE VITIVM ESCIT... SI NOLET, etc., id. ap. Gell. l. l.: spero, si speres quicquam prodesse potis sunt, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll. (Ann. v. 410 Vahl.):(β).si vis, dabo tibi testes,
Cic. Rep. 1, 37, 58:si voltis,
id. ib. 1, 28, 44:si placet,
id. ib. 2, 44, 71;1, 21, 34: si tuo commodo fleri potest,
id. ib. 1, 9, 14:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
id. ib. 1, 18, 30:si populus plurimum potest,
id. ib. 3, 14, 23:si Massilienses per delectos cives summā justitiā reguntur, inest tamen, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 27, 43; cf. id. Off. 3, 8, 35:quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si nec privata domus continere voces conjurationis tuae potest? si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?
id. Cat. 1, 3, 6:si pudor quaeritur, si probitas, si fides, Mancinus haec attulit,
id. Rep. 3, 18, 28:Si quaerimus, cur, etc.,
id. Brut. 95, 325. —Strengthened by modo:magnifica quidem res, si modo est ulla,
Cic. Div. 1, 1, 1:deliget populus, si modo salvus esse vult, optimum quemque,
id. Rep. 1, 34, 51:quae (virtus) est una, si modo est, maxime munifica,
id. ib. 3, 8, 12; id. Tusc. 2, 4, 33; id. de Or. 2, 43, 182:si quisquam est facilis, hic est,
id. Att. 14, 1, 2:si ulla res est, quam tibi me petente faciendam putes, haec ea sit,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11:SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Leg. Mos. et Rom. 16, 4: quae (libertas), si aequa non est, ne libertas quidem est,
Cic. Rep. 1, 31, 47; 1, 32, 49:id si minus intellegitur, ex dissensionibus percipi potest,
id. Lael. 7, 23: BACANALIA SEI QVA SVNT, EXSTRAD QVAM SEI QVID IBEI SACRI EST... FACIATIS VTEI DISMOTA SIENT, S. C. de Bacch. fin.:dicito, si quid vis, non nocebo,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 235:si qui sunt, qui philosophorum auctoritate moveantur,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:si quid generis istiusmodi me delectat, pictura delectat,
id. Fam. 7, 23, 3:si aliquid dandum est voluptati,
id. Sen. 13, 44;four times repeated,
id. ib. 11, 38.—So esp. after mirum est or miror, as expressing reality (= quod or cum; cf. Gr. ei):noli mirari, si hoc non impetras,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29:ecquid mirum est, si tam ab amico animo pacem petit? Curt 4, 11, 4: miraris, si superbiam tuam ferre non possumus?
id. 8, 7, 14.—With a negative conclusion, to denote that, although the condition is true, or is conceded, a certain inference does not follow: nec, si omne enuntiatum aut verum aut falsum est, sequitur ilico esse causas, etc.,
Cic. Fat. 12, 28:nec. si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur,
id. Phil. 13, 6, 19:si veniam meretur qui inprudens nocuit, non meretur praemium qui inprudens profuit,
Quint. 5, 10, 73:nec ideo ignis minus urere potest, si in materiam incidit inviolabilem flammis,
Sen. Ben. 5, 5, 1.—Imperf.:(γ).ea si erant, magnas habebas omnibus, dis gratias,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 17; Cic. Rep. 1, 27, 43:si quis antea mirabatur, quid esset, quod, etc.,
id. Sest. 1.—Perf.:(δ).SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Fest. s. v. talio, p. 363 Müll.: si animum contulisti in istam rationem, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 23, 37:si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 10, 18:quos (tyrannos) si boni oppresserunt, recreatur civitas: sin audaces, fit illa factio,
id. ib. 1, 44, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 65:si ita sensit, ut loquitur,
id. ib. 3, 21, 32;1, 27, 43: si modo hoc in Lycurgi potestate potuit esse,
id. ib. 2, 12, 24:si modo in philosophiā aliquid profecimus,
id. Off. 3, 8, 37: si quis eorum [p. 1689] (servorum) sub centone crepuit, nullum mihi vitium facit, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 sq. Müll.:si quid sceleste fecit,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 27:si quam opinionem jam vestris mentibus comprehendistis, etc.,
Cic. Clu. 2, 6:si quando regi justo vim populus attulit regnove eum spoliavit, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 42, 65; cf. id. ib. 1, 38, 59; id. Lael. 7, 24.—After mirum est or miror, to express a reality (cf. a, supra):minime mirum, si ista res adhuc nostrā linguā inlustrata non est,
Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 55; id. Deiot. 4, 12:quid mirum, si haec invitus amisi?
Tac. A. 12, 37:miraris, si eo tempore matrona dicere potuit, escende?
Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 1:minime est mirandum, si vita ejus fuit secura,
Nep. Cim. 4, 4.—Very often followed by certe, profecto, etc., to express a conclusion, as certain as the unquestionable assumption:quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum, cum, etc., tum profecto fuit,
Cic. Brut. 2, 7:si quisquam fuit umquam remotus ab inani laude, ego profecto is sum,
id. Fam. 15, 4, 13:etenim si nulla fuit umquam tam imbecillo mulier animo, quae, etc., certe nos, etc.,
id. Fam. 5, 16, 6:si umquam in dicendo fuimus aliquid, tum profecto, etc.,
id. Att. 4, 2, 2; id. Mil. 2, 4; 7, 19.—Esp. with a negative conclusion (v. a fin. supra, and cf. quia, etsi):non, si tibi ante profuit, semper proderit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 12:non, si Opimium defendisti, idcirco te isti bonum civem putabunt,
id. de Or. 2, 40, 170:neque enim, si tuae res gestae ceterorum laudibus obscuritatem attulerunt, idcirco Pompeii memoriam amisimus,
id. Deiot. 4, 12:nec, si capitis dolorem facit, inutilis hominibus sol est,
Quint. 5, 10, 82.—Pluperf.: si improbum Cresphontem existimaveras, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:(ε).nec mirum, eos si orationes turbaverant,
Liv. 32, 20, 2 (Trag. v. 156 Vahl.):si hoc ita fato datum erat, ut,
Liv. 30, 30, 3.—So esp. in indef. clauses of repeated action:plausum si quis eorum aliquando acceperat, ne quid peccasset pertimescebat,
whenever, Cic. Sest. 49, 105:si quando nostri navem religaverant, hostes succurrebant,
Caes. B. C. 2, 6:si quando suis fortunis forte desperare coeperant,
id. B. G. 3, 12.—Fut.: SI VOLET SVO VIVITO... SI VOLET PLVS DATO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.: si voles advortere animum, comiter monstrabitur, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.); and:(ζ).alte spectare si voles, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:si jam eminebit foras,
id. ib. 6, 26, 29:si me audietis,
id. ib. 1, 19, 32:si mutuas non potero certum est sumam fenore,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 95:id persequar, si potero, subtilius,
Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 42; cf. in the foll. z:nihil (offendet) si modo opus exstabit,
id. ib. 5, 3, 5:si quid te volam, ubi eris?
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 96: si quod aliud oikeion reperies, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 3.—Fut. perf.: si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.):b.si nostram rem publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem ostendero,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:tum magis assentiere, si ad majora pervenero,
id. ib. 1, 40, 62:expediri quae restant vix poterunt, si hoc incohatum reliqueris,
id. ib. 1, 35, 55;1, 24, 38: pergratum mihi feceris, si de amicitiā disputaris,
id. Lael. 4, 16:accommodabo ad eam (rem publicam), si potuero, omnem illam orationem, etc.... quod si tenere et consequi potuero, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 46, 70; so,si potuero,
id. ib. 2, 30, 53; id. Brut. 5, 21:si potuerit,
id. Off. 3, 23, 89:si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,
id. Rep. 1, 43, 66:si modo interpretari potuero,
id. Leg. 2, 18, 45:si ne ei caput exoculassitis,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 26: si quid vos per laborem recte feceritis... Sed si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4:de iis te, si qui me forte locus admonuerit, commonebo,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—With subj.; so in gen. of conditions assumed in statement, but implied not to be actual; the verb in pres. (rarely perf.) implies that the condition is still possible; in the imperf. and pluperf., that it is known to be unreal (Madv. Gram. § 347 sqq.; Zumpt, Gram. § 524).(α).Pres.:(β).si habeat aurum,
Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 12:abire hinc nullo pacto possim, si velim,
id. ib. 2, 2, 2; so,si velim,
Cic. Rep. 3, 10, 17:cum ipsi auxilium ferre, si cupiant, non queant,
id. ib. 1, 5, 9:si singulos numeremus,
id. ib. 3, 4, 7: si jus suum populi teneant, id. ib. 1, 32, 48:si Scipionis desiderio me moveri negem,
id. Lael. 3, 10:si ad verba rem deflectere velimus,
id. Caecin. 18, 51:si quis varias gentes despicere possit, videat primum, etc.,
id. Rep. 3, 9, 14.—In expressing a wish ( poet. for utinam), usu. with O:O si angulus ille accedat, qui, etc.,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 8; 2, 6, 10:O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,
Verg. A. 8, 560;also alone: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus Ostendat nemore in tanto!
would that, yet if, if however, id. ib. 6, 187:si quā fata aspera rumpas, Tu Marcellus eris,
id. ib. 6, 882; cf. b, infra.—Imperf.:(γ).qui si unus omnia consequi posset, nihil opus esset pluribus, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 52:quae descriptio si esset ignota vobis, explicaretur a me,
id. ib. 2, 22, 39:si ullum probarem simplex rei publicae genus,
id. ib. 2, 23, 43:quod non fecissent profecto, si nihil ad eos pertinere arbitrarentur,
id. Lael. 4, 13; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133; v. Zumpt, Gram. § 525: SEI QVES ESENT, QVEI SIBEI DEICERENT, S. C. de Bacch (twice). —Also with O, expressing a wish ( poet.):O si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset,
Verg. A. 11, 415;and without O: si mihi, quae quondam fuerat... si nunc foret illa juventus,
id. ib. 5, 398.—Perf.: SI INIVRIAM FAXIT ALTERI, VIGINTI QVINQVE AERIS POENAE SVNTO, Fragm. XII. Tabularum ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12: si jam data sit frux, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 724 P. (Ann. v. 412 Vahl.):(δ).perii, si me aspexerit!
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 164:victus sum, si dixeris,
id. ib. 1, 1, 272:Romani si casu intervenerint,
Caes. B. G. 7, 20, Cic. Rep. 3, 5, 8.—Pluperf.:c.si aliter accidisset,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:tum magis id diceres, si nuper in hortis Scipionis affuisses,
id. Lael. 7, 25:mansisset eadem voluntas in eorum posteris, si regum similitudo permansisset,
id. Rep. 1, 41, 64:si id fecisses,
id. Phil. 2, 2, 3; 2, 15, 38; 2, 36, 90:si quis in caelum ascendisset, etc.,
id. Lael. 23, 88:si aliquid de summā gravitate Pompeius remisisset,
id. Phil. 13, 1, 2.—Ellipt.(α).With pron. indef:(β).istae artes, si modo aliquid, valent, ut acuant ingenia,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:aut nemo, aut, si quisquam, ille sapiens fuit,
id. Lael. 2, 9; id. Or. 29, 103.—In a negation, usu. si minus, si contra (= sin minus, sin aliter):(γ).plures haec tulit una civitas, si minus sapientes, at certe summā laude dignos,
Cic. Rep. 3, 4, 7:educ tecum omnes tuos: si minus, quam plurimos,
id. Cat. 1, 5, 10; id. de Or. 2, 16, 68, in this sense less freq. si non:utrum cetera nomina digesta habes an non? Si non... si etiam,
id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:si haec civitas est, civem esse me: si non, exsulem esse, etc.,
id. Fam. 7, 3, 5; Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 104 sq.; id. Ps. 3, 2, 87; id. Poen. 5, 2, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 66; 1, 6, 68; Liv. 28, 29, 4:hic venit in judicium, si nihil aliud, saltem ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152; so, si nihil aliud, Liv 22, 29; 30, 35; 45, 37 fin., Curt. 4, 6, 28:si aliud nihil,
id. 2, 43.—With forte:2.intelleges esse nihil a me nisi orationis acerbitatem et, si forte, raro litterarum missarum indiligentiam reprehensam,
perhaps, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7; cf.:vereor, ne nihil sim tui, nisi supplosionem pedis imitatus et pauca quaedam verba et aliquem, si forte, motum,
id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—With quod, and if, but if, if however, if:B.quod si in philosophiā tantum interest... quid tandem in causis existimandum est?
Cic. Or. 16, 51:quod si fuit in re publicā tempus ullum... tum profecto fuit,
id. Brut. 2, 7:quod si exemeris ex rerum naturā benevolentiae conjunctionem, nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit,
id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Rep. 3, 4, 7:quod si non hic tantus fructus ostenderetur et si ex his studiis delectatio sola peteretur: tamen, etc.,
id. Arch. 7, 16; id. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Rosc. Com. 18, 54.—In partic.1.In subject or object-clauses, si with subj. sometimes takes the place of an inf.:2.apud Graecos opprobrio fuit adulescentibus, si amatores non haberent,
Cic. Rep. 4, 3, 3: summa gloria constat ex tribus his;si diligit multitudo, si fidem habet, etc.,
id. Off. 2, 9, 31:unam esse spem salutis docent, si eruptione factā extremum auxilium experirentur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 5:illud ignoscere aequum erit, si... ne tuam quidem gloriam praeponam, etc.,
Liv. 28, 41, 1; Nep. Ages. 4, 3: infinitum est, si singulos velim persequi. Sen. Q. N. 5, 17, 5; id. Tranq. 16, 2 (cf. si after mirum est, I. a. fin. supra).—In subst. clauses, to denote a doubtful assumption or future event (cf. quod):3.dixerunt, in eo verti puellae salutem, si postero die vindex injuriae ad tempus praesto esset,
Liv. 3, 46:adjecerunt, Scipionem in eo positam habuisse spem pacis, si Hannibal et Mago ex Italiā non revocarentur,
id. 30, 23; 35, 18.—Si with a relative takes the place of a relative clause, to express a class the existence or extent of which is doubtful: mortem proposuit, non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt, sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt, i. e. if such there were, whether few or many, Cic. Phil. 13, 18, 39; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 9:4.dixit errare, si qui in bello omnis secundos rerum proventus expectent,
Caes. B. G. 7, 29:errat, si quis existimat facilem rem esse donare,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44; Liv. 42, 31.—In syllogistic reasonings:5.si oportet velle sapere, dare operam philosophiae convenit. Oportet autem velle sapere, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 36, 65:si enim est verum, quod ita conectitur: si quis oriente Caniculā natus est, in mari non morietur, illud quoque verum est: si Fabius oriente Canicula natus est, Fabius in mari non morietur,
id. Fat. 6, 12.—= etiamsi, with foll. tamen, even if, although, albeit (class.):II.quae si exsequi nequirem, tamen, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 11, 38; cf.:quae si causa non esset, tamen, etc.,
id. Mur. 4, 8; and:quae si dubia essent, tamen, etc.,
Sall. J. 85, 48.—Transf., in dependent clauses expressing an interrogation or doubt, it is nearly = num, but forms a looser connection, if, whether, if perchance (class., but very rare in Cic.):B.ibo et visam huc ad eum, si forte est domi,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 118; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 3, 20:jam sciam, si quid titubatum est, ubi reliquias videro,
Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 33; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 44:fatis incerta feror, si Juppiter unam Esse velit urbem,
Verg. A. 4, 110; Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 52:primum ab iis quaesivit, si aquam hominibus in totidem dies, quot frumentum imposuissent,
Liv. 29, 25; 39, 50:id modo quaeritur, si (lex) majori parti et in summam prodest,
id. 34, 3; cf. id. 40, 49 fin.:jam dudum exspecto, si tuom officium scias,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 12:hanc (paludem) si nostri transirent, hostes exspectabant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 9; id. B. C. 2, 34; cf.:Pompeius eadem spectans, si itinere impeditos deprehendere posset,
id. ib. 3, 75:non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur,
Cic. Phil. 9, 1, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 85, 398:statui expectandum esse si quid certius adferretur,
id. Fam. 15, 1, 2:Philopoemen quaesivit si Lycortas incolumis evasisset,
Liv. 39, 50:expertique simul, si tela artusque sequantur,
Val. Fl. 5, 562:Helvetii nonnumquam interdiu, saepius noctu, si perrumpere possent, conati,
Caes. B. G. 1, 8 fin.; cf.:temptata res est, si primo impetu capi Ardea posset,
Liv. 1, 57.—With ellipsis of a verb or clause on which the condition depends (cf. I. c. supra): ei rei suam operam dat, si possiet illam invenire ( to see) whether he can, Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:B.L. Minucium cum omni equitatu praemittit, si quid celeritate itineris proficere possit,
to see, to try, Caes. B. G. 6, 29 fin.:circumfunduntur hostes, si quem aditum reperire possent,
id. ib. 6, 37:fame et inopiā adductos clam ex castris exisse, si quid frumenti in agris reperire possent,
id. ib. 7, 20, 10; cf. id. ib. 7, 55 fin.; 7, 89 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 8 fin.; 3, 56:pergit ad speluncam, si forte eo vestigia ferrent,
Liv. 1, 7:saxa volvebant, si quā Possent tectam aciem perrumpere,
Verg. A. 9, 512:ad Gonnum castra movet, si potiri oppido posset,
Liv. 42, 67, 6: haud aspernatus Tullius, tamen, si vana adferantur, in aciem educit ( that he might be ready) if, etc., id. 1, 23, 6:milites in praesidio erant, si quo operā eorum opus esset,
id. 27, 28, 5:alii offerunt se, si quo usus operae sit,
id. 26, 9, 9: ille postea, si comitia sua non fierent, urbi minari, i. e. ( that he would attack it) if, etc., Cic. Att. 4, 3, 3:Carthaginiensibus in Hasdrubale ita, si is movisset Syphacem, spes omnis erat,
Liv. 29, 35, 9; 5, 8, 9:consul aedem Fortunae vovit, si eo die hostis fudisset,
id. 29, 36, 8: erat Athenis reo damnato, si fraus capitalis non esset, quasi [p. 1690] poenae aestimatio, Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232: quattuor legiones Cornelio, si qui ex Etruriā novi motus nuntiarentur, relictae, to meet the case, that, to be ready, if, etc., Liv. 6, 22:is in armis tenuit militem, si opus foret auxilio,
id. 5, 8:ut patricios indignatio, si cum his gerendus esset honos, deterreret,
id. 4, 6, 10; 1, 40, 2; 24, 36.—Si... si, for sive... sive, whether... or:si deus si dea es,
Cato, R. R. 139; cf.:hostiam si deo, si deae immolabant,
Gell. 2, 28, 3. -
5 dē-terminō
dē-terminō āvī, ātus, āre, to enclose, bound, limit, prescribe: regiones ab oriente ad occasum, L.—To fix, settle, determine: spiritu, non arte, ends (his sentences): Omnia determinat annus, C. poët. -
6 occidēns
occidēns entis, m [P. of 2 occido], the sunset, west, occident: ab occidente, S.: ab oriente ad occidentem.* * *I(gen.), occidentis ADJconnected with sunset/evening; western, westerlyIIwest; region of the setting sun; western part of the world/its inhabitants -
7 oriēns
oriēns entis, m [P. of orior], the rising sun, morning sun: saevus, V.—The East, Orient: ab oriente ad occidentem: spoliis Orientis onustus, V.: Orientis ora, H.— A day: Septimus hinc, O.* * *I(gen.), orientis ADJrising (sun/star); eastern; begining, in its early stage (period/activity)IIdaybreak/dawn/sunrise; east, sunrise quarter of the sky; the East/Orient -
8 verbum
verbum ī, n [cf. ρ)ῆμα; Eng. word], a word: pro his facit verba, speaks, Cs.: quod ego in senatu Graeco verba fecissem, had spoken: libenter verbo utor Catonis (i. e. origines): usitatius hoc verbum et tritius: si pudor, si modestia, si uno verbo temperantia, in a word: verba rebus impressit, i. e. names: contumelia verborum, abusive language, Cs.: verborum delectus, choice of language: multis verbis ultro citroque habitis, much talk on both sides: accusare verbis tribus, in three words: (dies) per quem tria verba silentur, i. e. the praetor's voice (in the official words do, dico, addico), O.—Prov.: verba flunt mortuo, i. e. that is idle talk, T.— Abl sing. adverb., briefly, in one word, by a word: postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur, S.: verbo de sententiā destitisti, at one word from me.—Orally, by speech: aut verbo adsentiebatur, aut pedibus in sententiam ibat, L.— Abl plur. with poss. pron., or gen, in the name of, in behalf of, for: si uxori tuae meis verbis eris gratulatus, for me: denuntiatum Fabio senatūs verbis, ne, etc., L.—In the phrase, uno verbo, in one word, in a word, briefly: Quin tu uno verbo dic, quid, etc., T.: praetores, praetorios, tribunos plebis... unoque verbo rem p., etc.—In phrases to express exact correspondence, verbum e verbo, precisely, exactly, literally: quae Graeci pa/thh appellant, ego poteram morbos, et id verbum esset e verbo.—Of a passage or work, translated or copied, ad verbum, verbum de verbo, verbum pro verbo, or verbum verbo, literally, word for word: fabellae Latinae ad verbum de Graecis expressae: verbum de verbo expressum extulit, T.: verbum pro verbo reddere: verbum verbo reddere, H.—In the phrase, verbi causā or verbi gratiā, for the sake of example, for example, for instance: si quis, verbi causā, oriente Caniculā natus est: quo die verbi causā esse oporteret Idūs.—A saying, expression, phrase, sentence: vetus verbum hoc quidemst, etc., an old saying, T.: quod verbum in pectus Iugurthae altius descendit, S.—Mere talk, mere words: dolor est malum, existimatio, dedecus, infamia verba atque ineptiae, empty words: verborum sonitus inanis.— Abl adv., verbally, in words, nominally: Ut beneficium verbis initum nunc re comprobes, T.: in quibus (civitatibus) verbo sunt liberi omnes, in name.—Hence, the phrase, verba dare, to give mere words, deceive, cheat: Quoi verba dare difficile est, T.: vel verba mihi dari facile patior in hoc: curis dare verba, i. e. to beguile, O.—In grammar, a verb.* * *word; proverbverba dare alicui -- cheat/deceive someone
-
9 vertō or vortō
vertō or vortō tī, sus, ere [VERT-], to turn, turn up, turn back, direct: cardinem, O.: verso pede, O.: Non ante verso cado, i. e. emptied, H.: crateras, V.: verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus: gens ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit, i. e. is situated, Cu.: in circumsedentis Capuam se vertit, i. e. directs his attack, L.— Intrans, to turn, turn back: versuros extemplo in fugam omnes ratus, L.— Pass, to be turned, be directed, face, look: fenestrae in viam versae, L.: nunc ad fontes, nunc ad mare versus, O.—To turn about, be engaged, move, be, be situated: Magno in periclo vita vertetur tua, Ph.: in maiore discrimine verti, L.: ipse catervis Vertitur in mediis, V.—To turn back, turn about, reverse: Pompeiani se verterunt et loco cesserunt, wheeled about, Cs.: hostes terga verterunt, fled, Cs.: hostem in fugam, put to flight, L.: Hiemps piscīs ad hoc vertat mare, H.—To turn over, turn up: versā pulvis inscribitur hastā, V.: Vertitur interea caelum, revolves, V.: terram aratro, H.: versis glaebis, O.—To turn, ply, drive: stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo, V.—Fig., to turn, direct, convert, appropriate: ex illā pecuniā magnam partem ad se: congressi certamine irarum ad caedem vertuntur, i. e. are driven, L.: ne ea, quae rei p. causā egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat, Cs.: omen in Macedonum metum, Cu.: in religionem vertentes comitia biennio habita, making a matter of religious scruple, L.: Philippus totus in Persea versus, inclined towards, L.: quo me vertam? T.: quo se verteret, non habebat: si bellum omne eo vertat, L.: di vortant bene, Quod agas, prosper, T.—To ascribe, refer: quae alia in deum iras velut ultima malorum vertunt, L.: ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā, impute as a fault.—Pass., to turn, depend, rest, hang: hic victoria, V.: cum circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur, L.: omnia in unius potestate vertentur: spes civitatis in dictatore, L.: vertebatur, utrum manerent, an, etc., i. e. the question was discussed, L.—To turn, change, alter, transform, convert, metamorphose: terra in aquam se vertit: Verte omnīs tete in facies, V.: Auster in Africum se vertit, Cs.: versa et mutata in peiorem partem sint omnia: cur nunc tua quisquam Vertere iussa potest, V.: saevus apertam In rabiem coepit verti iocus, H.: nullā tamen alite verti Dignatur, nisi, etc., O.—Prov.: ubi omne Verterat in fumum et cinerem, i. e. had dissipated, H.— With solum, to change abode, leave the country: qui exsili causā solum verterit.—In language, to turn, translate, interpret: Platonem: annales Acilianos ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem, L.—To turn, overturn, overthrow, subvert, destroy: vertit ad extremum omnia: Cycnum Vi multā, O.: ab imo moenia Troiae, V.: ne Armenia scelere verteretur, Ta.: versā Caesarum sobole, Ta.—To turn, change, be changed: iam verterat fortuna, L.—To turn, be directed, turn out, result: verterat Scipionum invidia in praetorem, L.: (quae res) tibi vertat male, turn out badly, T.: quod bene verteret, Cu.: quod nec vertat bene, V.: quod si esset factum, detrimentum in bonum verteret, Cs.: ea ludificatio veri in verum vertit, L.—Of time, in the phrase, annus vertens, the returning year, space of a year, full year: anno vertente sine controversiā (petisses); cf. annus vertens, the great cycle of the stars. -
10 ab
ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:I.AF VOBEIS,
Inscr. Orell. 3114;AF MVRO,
ib. 6601;AF CAPVA,
ib. 3308;AF SOLO,
ib. 589;AF LYCO,
ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):abs chorago,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):abs quivis,
Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:abs terra,
Cato, R. R. 51;and in compounds: aps-cessero,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,
id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).In space, and,II.Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.I.Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):b.Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:fuga ab urbe turpissima,
Cic. Att. 7, 21:ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,
Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,
all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,
Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:c.oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,
Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,
id. ib. 1, 25, 2:profecti a domo,
Liv. 40, 33, 2;of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,
Liv. 8, 22, 6;of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,
Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,
id. 24, 40, 2.Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):B.Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,
Cic. Fl. 20, 47:Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,
id. Att. 7, 24:cum a vobis discessero,
id. Sen. 22:multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,
Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:so a fratre,
id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:a Pontio,
Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:ab ea,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.1.Of separation:2.ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:abesse a domo paulisper maluit,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,
Sall. C. 40, 5:absint lacerti ab stabulis,
Verg. G. 4, 14.—Of distance:3.quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,
Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,
id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,
Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,
Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,
Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,
Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,
Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,
id. Pis. 11, 26; and:tam prope ab domo detineri,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,
eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,
id. 37, 38, 5). —To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:II.picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,
Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,
on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,
at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:erat a septentrionibus collis,
on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).Fig.A.In time.1.From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:2.Exul ab octava Marius bibit,
Juv. 1,40:mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,
immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:ab hac contione legati missi sunt,
immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:ab eo magistratu,
after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:a summa spe novissima exspectabat,
after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,
Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,
Liv. 30, 36, 1:statim a funere,
Suet. Caes. 85;and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,
id. ib. 60:protinus ab adoptione,
Vell. 2, 104, 3:Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,
soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,
i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,
i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:b.ab hora tertia bibebatur,
from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,
since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:vixit ab omni aeternitate,
from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,
Nep. Att. 5, 3:in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,
after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,
since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,
id. Sen. 6, 19; and:ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,
since, Sall. C. 47, 2:diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,
since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,
from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,
Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,
from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:B.qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,
from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,a pueritia,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:jam inde ab adulescentia,
Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:ab adulescentia,
Cic. Rep. 2, 1:jam a prima adulescentia,
id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:ab ineunte adulescentia,
id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:a primis temporibus aetatis,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:a teneris unguiculis,
from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:usque a toga pura,
id. Att. 7, 8, 5:jam inde ab incunabulis,
Liv. 4, 36, 5:a prima lanugine,
Suet. Oth. 12:viridi ab aevo,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;rarely of animals: ab infantia,
Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,a pausillo puero,
id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:a puero,
Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:a pueris,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:ab adulescente,
id. Quint. 3, 12:ab infante,
Col. 1, 8, 2:a parva virgine,
Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:a parvis,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:a parvulo,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:ab parvulis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:ab tenero,
Col. 5, 6, 20;and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,
Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.1.In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):2.suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:hic ab artificio suo non recessit,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:condicionem quam ab te peto,
id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:si quid ab illo acceperis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:ab defensione desistere,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,
id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,
Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,
the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:tu nunc eris alter ab illo,
next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,
next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:quid hoc ab illo differt,
from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,
id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,
id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7:alieno a te animo fuit,
id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):subdole ab re consulit,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:haut est ab re aucupis,
Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,
Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).In partic.a.To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:b.a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,
Cic. Lael. 1, 1:ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,
id. ib. 1, 3:disputata ab eo,
id. ib. 1, 4 al.:illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,
id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:ita generati a natura sumus,
id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,
Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,
is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:salvebis a meo Cicerone,
i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,
i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:ne vir ab hoste cadat,
Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,
Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,
id. Off. 2, 6, 19:si calor est a sole,
id. N. D. 2, 52:ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),
id. Att. 16, 7, 5:metu poenae a Romanis,
Liv. 32, 23, 9:bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,
id. 3, 22, 2:ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,
id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:lassus ab equo indomito,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,
Prop. 5, 1, 126:tempus a nostris triste malis,
time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?
by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),
Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:si postulatur a populo,
if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:deseror conjuge,
Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;and in prose,
Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,
Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:c.pastores a Pergamide,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:Turnus ab Aricia,
Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,
Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:d.(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,
id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:e.da, puere, ab summo,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:coepere a fame mala,
Liv. 4, 12, 7:cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,
tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,
Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:f.a foliis et stercore purgato,
Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?
Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,
Liv. 21, 11, 5:expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,
id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,
Sall. C. 32:ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,
Liv. 21, 35, 12:ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,
Cic. Sest. 64, 133.With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:g.el metul a Chryside,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:ab Hannibale metuens,
Liv. 23, 36; and:metus a praetore,
id. 23, 15, 7;v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,
Cic. Sull. 20, 59:postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,
you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.With verbs of fastening and holding:h.funiculus a puppi religatus,
Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,
Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:i.a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,
Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):j.id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22.Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:k.doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,a frigore laborantibus,
Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:laborare ab re frumentaria,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:l.ab ingenio improbus,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:a me pudica'st,
id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:orba ab optimatibus contio,
Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):locus copiosus a frumento,
Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,
id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,
id. Brut. 16, 63:ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,
Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;so often in poets ab arte=arte,
artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:m.linguam ab irrisu exserentem,
thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:ab honore,
id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:n.ab illo injuria,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:fulgor ab auro,
Lucr. 2, 5:dulces a fontibus undae,
Verg. G. 2, 243.In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:o.scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,
Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:nonnuill ab novissimis,
id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:p.qui sunt ab ea disciplina,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:ab eo qui sunt,
id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,
id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;q.in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,
one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,a manu servus,
a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:► a.a peregre,
Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:a foris,
Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:ab intus,
ib. ib. 7, 15:ab invicem,
App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:a longe,
Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:a modo,
ib. ib. 23, 39;Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,
Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:a sursum,
ib. Marc. 15, 38.Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:b.Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,
Cic. Pis. 37, 91:a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?
id. Sen. 6:a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?
id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,
id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—c.It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:d.a vitae periculo,
Cic. Brut. 91, 313:a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,
id. Arch. 6, 12:a minus bono,
Sall. C. 2, 6:a satis miti principio,
Liv. 1, 6, 4:damnis dives ab ipsa suis,
Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):e.aque Chao,
Verg. G. 4, 347:aque mero,
Ov. M. 3, 631:aque viro,
id. H. 6, 156:aque suis,
id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:a meque,
Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:abs teque,
id. Att. 3, 15, 4:a teque,
id. ib. 8, 11, §7: a primaque adulescentia,
id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.III.In composition ab,1.Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—2.It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.) -
11 caelo
caelo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. caelum].I.Lit., answering to the Gr. toreuô, to engrave in relief upon metals (esp. silver) or wory, to make raised work, to carve, engrave; later also, to cast (cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. § 311 sq.; and v. Quint. 2, 21, 8, s. v. caelatura; Fest. s. v. ancaesa, p. 17; Isid. Orig. 13, 4, 1; 19, 7, 4; 20, 4, 7)' ab initio sic opus ducere, ut caelandum, non ex integro fabricandum sit, Quint. 10, 3, 18:B.hanc speciem Praxiteles caelavit argento,
Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:galeas aere Corinthio,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:caelata in auro Fortia facta patrum,
Verg. A. 1, 640:clipeo quoque flumina septem Argento partim, partim caelaverat auro,
Ov. M. 5, 189; cf. id. ib. 2, 6; 13, 684: scuta auro, argento, Liv 9, 40, 2;7, 10, 7: vasa magnifica et pretiose caelata,
Cic. Inv. 2, 40, 116:vasa caelata,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 45; Liv. 34, 52, 5; 23, 24, 12;centauros in scyphis,
Plin. 33, 12, 55, § 156: libidines in poculis, id. prooem. § 4 al.;Liv 23, 24, 12: caelatum aurum et argentum,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61; id. Or. 70, 232; id. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; 2, 4, 23, § 52; id. Rosc. Am. 46, 133:caelata metus alios arma,
Val. Fl. 1, 402:Phorcys caelatus Gorgone parmam,
Sil. 10, 175.—To carve or engrave on other materials (cf. caelatura, I. B.);II.upon wood: pocula ponam Fagina, caelatum divini opus Alcimedontis,
Verg. E. 3, 36;in marble: caelavit Scopas pteron ab oriente,
Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 31; cf.:(vitrum) argenti modo caelatur,
id. 36, 26, 66, § 193; Vitr. 7, 3, 4.—Meton. of other works of art.A.Of skilful weaving or embroidering:B.velamina caelata multā arte,
Val. Fl. 5, 6.—Of poetry: carmina compono, hio elegos. Mirabile visu Caelatumque novem musis (i. e. a novem musis) opus, * Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 92.—III.Trop.:quem modo caelatum stellis Delphina videbas, i. e. the constellation,
Ov. F. 2, 79. -
12 dies
dĭes (dīes, Liv. Andron. Fragm. Odys. 7), ēi ([etilde]ī, Verg. A. 4, 156; Hor. S. 1, 8, 35 et saep.;I.dissyl.: di-ei,
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 31; also gen. dies, die, and dii—dies, as in acies, facies, pernicies, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14; Ann. v. 401 Vahl.; Cic. Sest. 12, 28 ap. Gell. l. l.:die,
Prisc. p. 780 P.; even in Verg. G. 1, 208, where Gellius reads dies, v. Wagner ad loc., nearly all MSS. have die; cf. Rib. and Forbig. ad loc.; so,die,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 59; id. Capt. 4, 2, 20; Caes. B. G. 7, 11, 5; id. B. C. 1, 14, 3; 3, 76, 2; Just. 2, 11, 17; cf. Oud. ad B. G. 2, 23, 1. Die appears to be certain in Sall. J. 52, 3; 97, 3. Also in Cic. Sest. 12, 28, Gellius reads dies, where our MSS., except the Cod. Lamb., have diei;perh. those words do not belong to Cicero himself. Form dii,
Verg. A. 1, 636, Rib. and Forbig. after Serv. and Gell. l. l.— Dat., diēī, saep. die, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 120, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 208; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 48; id. Capt. 3, 1, 4; id. Trin. 4, 2, 1;once dii,
id. Merc. 1, Prol. 13; cf. Roby, Gram. 1, 121 sq.); m. (in sing. sometimes f., esp. in the signif. no. I. B. 1.) [root Sanscr. dī, gleam: dinas, day; Gr. dios, heavenly; cf. Lat. Jovis (Diovis), Diana, deus, dīvus, etc. Old form, dius (for divus); cf.: nudius, diu, etc. The word also appears in composition in many particles, as pridem, hodie, diu, etc., v. Corss. Auspr. 2, 855 sq.], a day (cf.: tempus, tempestas, aetas, aevum, spatium, intervallum).Lit.A.In gen., the civil day of twenty-four hours.(α).Masc.:(β).dies primus est veris in Aquario... dies tertius... dies civiles nostros, etc.,
Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. Plin. 2, 77, 79, § 188; Macr. S. 1, 3; Gell. 3, 2: REBVS IVRE IVDICATIS TRIGINTA DIES IVSTI SVNTO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; and 15, 13 fin.; for which;per dies continuos XXX., etc.,
Gai. Inst. 3, 78: multa dies in bello conficit unus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 297 ed. Vahl.); cf.:non uno absolvam die,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 73:hic dies,
id. Aul. 4, 9, 11:hic ille est dies,
id. Capt. 3, 3, 3:ante hunc diem,
id. ib. 3, 4, 101:illo die impransus fui,
id. Am. 1, 1, 98; cf.:eo die,
Caes. B. G. 1, 22 fin.; 2, 6; 2, 32 fin.; 4, 11, 4; 5, 15 fin. et saep.:postero die,
id. ib. 1, 15, 1; 3, 6, 3 et saep.; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17; Sall. J. 29, 5; 38, 9 et saep.:in posterum diem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 41 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 65 fin. et saep.:diem scito esse nullum, quo die non dicam pro reo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3:domi sedet totos dies,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 34:paucos dies ibi morati,
Caes. B. G. 7, 5, 4:dies continuos XXX. sub bruma esse noctem,
id. ib. 5, 13, 3:hosce aliquot dies,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 4; cf. id. Eun. 1, 2, 71 et saep.:festo die si quid prodegeris,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 10; so,festus,
id. Cas. 1, 49; id. Poen. 3, 5, 13; 4, 2, 26 et saep.—Fem. (freq. in poetry metri gratiā; rare in prose), postrema, Enn. ap. Gell. 9, 14:b.omnia ademit Una dies,
Lucr. 3, 912; cf. id. 3, 921; 5, 96 and 998: homines, qui ex media nocte ad proximam mediam noctem in his horis XXIV. nati sunt, una die nati dicuntur, Varr. ap. Gell. 3, 2, 2 (uno die, Macr. S. 1, 3):quibus effectis armatisque diebus XXX., a qua die materia caesa est,
Caes. B. C. 1, 36 fin.:Varronem profiteri, se altera die ad colloquium venturum,
id. ib. 3, 19, 4 (for which, shortly before: quo cum esset postero die ventum); cf.:postera die,
Sall. J. 68, 2 (for which, in the same author, more freq.:postero die): pulchra,
Hor. Od. 1, 36, 10:suprema,
id. ib. 1, 13, 20:atra,
Verg. A. 6, 429:tarda,
Ov. M. 15, 868 et saep.—(But Caes. B. C. 3, 26, 1; 3, 37, 1, read altero, tertio.)—Connections:B.postridie ejus diei, a favorite expression of Caesar,
Caes. B. G. 1, 23, 1: 1, 47, 2; 1, 48, 2 et saep., v. postridie;and cf.: post diem tertium ejus diei,
Cic. Att. 3, 7; Sulpic. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2; Liv. 27, 35:diem ex die exspectabam,
from day to day, id. ib. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:diem ex die ducere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; for which also: diem de die prospectans, Liv. 5, 48; and: diem de die differre, id. 25, 25: LIBRAS FARRIS ENDO DIES DATO, for every day, day by day, daily, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; cf.:affatim est hominum, in dies qui singulas escas edunt,
Plaut. Men. 3, 1, 10; so,in dies,
every day, Cic. Top. 16, 62; Caes. B. G. 3, 23, 7; 5, 58, 1; 7, 30, 4; Vell. 2, 52, 2; Liv. 21, 11 Drak.; 34, 11 al.; less freq. in sing.:nihil usquam sui videt: in diem rapto vivit,
Liv. 22, 39; cf.:mutabilibus in diem causis (opp. natura perpetua),
id. 31, 29 (in another signif. v. the foll., no. II. A. 3); and: cui licet in diem ( = singulis diebus, daily) dixisse Vixi, etc., Hor. Od. 3, 29, 42. And still more rarely: ad diem, Treb. Gallien. 17; Vop. Firm. 4:ante diem, v. ante.—Die = quotidie or in diem,
daily, Verg. E. 2, 42; 3, 34:quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi,
id. A. 11, 397:paucissimos die composuisse versus,
Quint. 10, 3, 8:saepius die,
Plin. 15, 6, 6, § 22: die crastini, noni, pristini, quinti, for die crastino, nono, etc., v. h. vv. crastinus, nonus, etc.; and cf. Gell. 10, 24; Macr. S. 1, 4.—In partic.1.A set day, appointed time, term in the widest sense of the word (for appearing before court, in the army, making a payment, etc.).(α).Masc.: MORBVS SONTICVS... STATVS DIES CVM HOSTE... QVID HORVM FVIT VNVM IVDICI ARBITROVE REOVE DIES DIFFISVS ESTO, XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12; Fest. p. 273, 26 Müll.; for which: STATVS CONDICTVSVE DIES CVM HOSTE, acc. to Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4;(β).and with comic reference to the words of this law,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5 (found also in Macr. S. 1, 16);and freq.: status dies,
Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 1; Suet. Claud. 1; Flor. 1, 13, 16 et saep.:hic nuptiis dictus est dies,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 75; cf.:dies colloquio dictus est ex eo die quintus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 42, 4; so,dictus,
id. ib. 5, 27, 5:iis certum diem conveniendi dicit,
id. ib. 5, 57, 2:die certo,
Sall. J. 79, 4; cf.constituto,
id. ib. 13 fin.:decretus colloquio,
id. ib. 113, 3:praestitutus,
Liv. 3, 22:praefinitus,
Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 109; Gell. 16, 4, 3:ascriptus,
Phaedr. 4, 11, 8 et saep.:quoniam advesperascit, dabis diem nobis aliquem, ut contra ista dicamus,
Cic. N. D. 3, 40; Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5; id. B. C. 1, 11, 2; Sall. J. 109, 3; Liv. 35, 35 et saep.:dies ater,
an unlucky day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 25.—Fem. (so commonly in this sense in class. prose, but only in sing., v. Mützell ad Curt. 3, 1, 8):(γ).ut quasi dies si dicta sit,
Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11; so,dicta,
Cic. Fam. 16, 10 fin.; cf.:edicta ad conveniendum,
Liv. 41, 10 fin.:praestituta,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 140; 2, 2, 28; Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 38; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14 fin.; id. Vatin. 15, 37; id. Tusc. 1, 39; Liv. 45, 11 et saep.; cf.constituta,
Cic. Caecin. 11, 32; Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 2; 1, 8, 3: certa eius rei constituta, id. B. C. 3, 33, 1:pacta et constituta,
Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:statuta,
Liv. 31, 29:stata,
id. 27, 23 fin.:certa,
Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 4, 5, 1, 8; id. B. C. 1, 2, 6; Nep. Chabr. 3 et saep.:annua,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23; id. Att. 12, 3 fin.; cf.longa,
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 18:die caecā emere, oculatā vendere,
i. e. to buy on credit and sell for cash, id. Ps. 1, 3, 67, v. caecus, no. II. B.:haec dies summa hodie est, mea amica sitne libera, an, etc.,
id. Pers. 1, 1, 34:puto fore istam etiam a praecone diem,
Cic. Att. 13, 3:ubi ea dies venit (preceded by tempore ejus rei constituto),
Caes. B. G. 7, 3:praeterita die, qua suorum auxilia exspectaverant,
id. ib. 7, 77, 1; cf. id. ib. 6, 33, 4:esse in lege, quam ad diem proscriptiones fiant,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128 et saep.—Both genders together:b.diem dicunt, qua die ad ripam Rhodani omnes conveniant: is dies erat a. d. V. Kal. Apr., etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6 fin.; Cic. Att. 2, 11; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3; Liv. 34, 35 al.—Hence: dicere diem alicui, to impeach, lay an accusation against:2.diem mihi, credo, dixerat,
Cic. Mil. 14, 36:Domitium Silano diem dixisse scimus,
id. Div. in Caec. 20, 67.—A natural day, a day, as opp. to night: ut vel, quia est aliquid, aliud non sit, ut Dies est, nox non est; vel, quia est aliquid, et aliud sit: Sol est super terram, dies est, Quint. 5, 8, 7: pro di immortales, quis hic illuxit dies, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 76:3.credibile non est, quantum scribam die, quin etiam noctibus,
in the daytime, id. Att. 13, 26:negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,
in a single day and night, id. N. D. 2, 9, 24; cf.in this signif.: die ac nocte,
Plin. 29, 6, 36, § 113:nocte et die,
Liv. 25, 39;and simply die,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 4; Quint. 10, 3, 8; cf.also: currus rogat ille paternos, Inque diem alipedum jus et moderamen equorum,
Ov. M. 2, 48; and, connected with nox:(Themistocles) diem noctemque procul ab insula in salo navem tenuit in ancoris,
Nep. Them. 8 fin.; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 27, 59; Liv. 22, 1 fin. —But more freq.: diem noctemque, like our day and night, i. q. without ceasing, uninterruptedly; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 11; 7, 42 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 62;for which less freq.: diem et noctem,
Hirt. B. Hisp. 38, 1;diem ac noctem,
Liv. 27, 4 and 45:noctemque diemque,
Verg. A. 8, 94; cf. Quint. 9, 4, 23:continuate nocte ac die itinere,
Caes. B. C. 3, 11, 1; 3, 36, 8; and in plur.:dies noctesque,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 49; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 113; Cic. Att. 7, 9 fin.; Nep. Dat. 4, 4 et saep.; also, reversing the order: noctesque diesque, Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 338 ed. Vahl.); Hor. S. 1, 1, 76:noctesque et dies,
Ter. And. 4, 1, 52; id. Eun. 5, 8, 49:noctes atque dies,
Lucr. 2, 12; 3, 62; Cic. Fin. 1, 16, 51; Verg. A. 6, 127 al.:noctes diesque,
id. ib. 9, 488:noctes ac dies,
Cic. Arch. 11, 29:noctes et dies,
id. Brut. 90, 308; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; id. Tusc. 5, 25 and 39; Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 49; cf.also: neque noctem neque diem intermittit,
Caes. B. G. 5, 38:Galli dies... sic observant, ut noctem dies subsequatur,
id. ib. 6, 18, 2 Herz ad loc. So, too, in gen.:qui nocte dieque frequentat Limina,
Mart. 10, 58, 11:cum die,
at break of day, Ov. M. 13, 677:orto die ( = orta luce),
Tac. A. 1, 20; 1, 68; id. H. 2, 21:ante diem ( = ante lucem),
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 35:dies fit, late Lat. for lucescit,
Vulg. Luc. 22, 66: de die, in open day, broad day; v. de.—Dies alicujus (like the Heb. ; v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v.).a.I. q. dies natalis, a birthday:b.diem meum scis esse III. Non. Jan. Aderis igitur,
Cic. Att. 13, 42, 2; cf.in full: natali die tuo,
id. ib. 9, 5 al. So the anniversary day of the foundation of a city is, dies natalis urbis, Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.—I. q. dies mortis, dying-day:c.quandocumque fatalis et meus dies veniet statuarque tumulo,
Tac. Or. 13 fin. Called, also: supremus dies. Suet. Aug. 99; id. Tib. 67; cf.:supremus vitae dies,
Cic. de Sen. 21, 78; Suet. Aug. 61. Hence:diem suum obire,
to die, Sulp. in Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2;and in the same sense: obire diem supremum,
Nep. Milt. 7 fin.; id. Dion. 2 fin.; Suet. Claud. 1:exigere diem supremum,
Tac. A. 3, 16:explere supremum diem,
id. ib. 1, 6; 3, 76;and simply: obire diem,
Plin. 2, 109, 112, § 248; Suet. Tib. 4; id. Vesp. 1; id. Gr. 3; cf.also: fungi diem,
Just. 19, 1, 1.—I. q. dies febris, fever-day: etsi Non. Mart., [p. 574] die tuo, ut opinor, exspectabam epistolam a te longiorem, Cic. Att. 9, 2 init.; 7, 8, 2 al.II.Transf.A.In gen. (from no. I. A.).1.A day, for that which is done in it (cf. the Hebr., the Gr. eleutheron êmar, etc.):2.is dies honestissimus nobis fuerat in senatu,
Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 3:non tam dirus ille dies Sullanus C. Mario,
id. Att. 10, 8, 7:equites Romanos daturos illius diei poenas,
id. Sest. 12, 28:hic dies et Romanis refecit animos et Persea perculit,
Liv. 42, 67 Drak.; cf. id. 9, 39 fin.; Vell. 2, 35 Ruhnk.; 2, 86; Just. 9, 3 fin.; Flor. 2, 6, 58 Duker.:imponite quinquaginta annis magnum diem,
Tac. Agr. 34:quid pulchrius hac consuetudine excutiendi totum diem?... totum diem mecum scrutor, facta ac dicta mea remetior, etc., Sen. de Ira, 3, 36: dies Alliensis, i. q. pugna Alliensis,
Liv. 6, 1; Suet. Vit. 11:Cannensis,
Flor. 4, 12, 35 al. And so even of one's state of mind on any particular day:qualem diem Tiberius induisset,
what humor, temper, Tac. A. 6, 20. —A day's journey:3.hanc regionem, dierum plus triginta in longitudinem, decem inter duo maria in latitudinem patentem,
Liv. 38, 59; Just. 36, 2, 14 al.—In gen. (like, hêmera, and our day, for) time, space of time, period:B.diem tempusque forsitan ipsum leniturum iras,
Liv. 2, 45;so with tempus,
id. 22, 39; 42, 50: amorem intercapedine ipse lenivit dies, Turp. ap. Non. 522, 7;so in the masc. gender: longus,
Stat. Th. 1, 638; Luc. 3, 139;but also longa,
Plaut. Epid. 4, 1, 18; Plin. Ep. 8, 5 fin.; cf.perexigua,
a brief respite, Cic. Verr. 1, 2 fin.:nulla,
Ov. M. 4, 372 al.:ex ea die ad hanc diem quae fecisti, in judicium voco,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:ut infringatur hominum improbitas ipsa die, quae debilitat cogitationes, etc.,
id. Fam. 1, 6; cf. id. ib. 7, 28 fin.; id. Tusc. 3, 22, 53 al.: indutiae inde, non pax facta;quarum et dies exierat, et ante diem rebellaverant,
i. e. the term of the truce, Liv. 4, 30 fin.; 30, 24; 42, 47 fin. (for which: quia tempus indutiarum cum Veienti populo exierat, id. 4, 58).—Prov.:dies adimit aegritudinem,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 13: dies festus, festival-time, festival:—diem festum Dianae per triduum agi, Liv. 25, 23 et saep.:die lanam et agnos vendat,
at the right time, Cato R. R. 150, 2:praesens quod fuerat malum, in diem abiit,
to a future time, Ter. Ph. 5, 2, 16; so in diem, opp. statim, Q. Cic. Pet. cons. 12, 48;and simply in diem,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 48; Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 19; Cic. Cael. 24.—Esp. freq. in diem vivere, to live on from day to day, regardless of the future, Cic. de Or. 2, 40, 169; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 33; Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 4 et saep; cf. the equivoque with de die, under de.—In partic. (acc. to no. I. B. 2— poet., and in postAug. prose).1.Light of day, daylight:2.contraque diem radiosque micantes Obliquantem oculos,
Ov. M. 7, 411; 5, 444; 13, 602:multis mensibus non cernitur dies,
Plin. 33, 4, 21, § 70; Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 6; 9, 36, 2 al.; also of the eyesight, Stat. Th. 1, 237;and trop. of the conscience: saeva dies animi scelerumque in pectore Dirae,
id. ib. 1, 52.—For caelum, the sky, the heavens:b.sub quocumque die, quocumque est sidere mundi,
Luc. 7, 189; 1, 153:incendere diem nubes oriente remotae,
id. 4, 68; 8, 217; Stat. Th. 1, 201.—Hence, like caelum,The weather:3.totumque per annum Durat aprica dies,
Val. Fl. 1, 845:tranquillus,
Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:mitis,
id. 11, 10, 10, § 20:pestilens,
id. 22, 23, 49, § 104.—The air:III.nigrique volumina fumi Infecere diem,
Ov. M. 13, 600:cupio flatu violare diem,
Claud. in Ruf. 1, 63.Dies personified.A.I. q. Sol, opp. Luna, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 21;B.coupled with Mensis and Annus,
Ov. M. 2, 25.—As fem., the daughter of Chaos, and mother of Heaven and Earth, Hyg. Fab. praef.; of the first Venus, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 59. -
13 Lucia
1.Lūcĭus, i, m. [lux; of the day], a Roman prænomen, usually represented by L.:II.Crepusci, qui eo tempore erant nati, ut Lucii prima luce,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll.; cf.:qui luci natus est Lucius,
id. ib. 9, § 60 Müll.; and: Lucius praenomen est ejus, qui primum fuit, qui oriente luce natus est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 119 Müll.—In fem.: Lūcia, Varr. L. L. 9, § 61 Müll.—Hence,Lucipor for Lucii puer, the slave of a Lucius, Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 26.2. -
14 Lucius
1.Lūcĭus, i, m. [lux; of the day], a Roman prænomen, usually represented by L.:II.Crepusci, qui eo tempore erant nati, ut Lucii prima luce,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll.; cf.:qui luci natus est Lucius,
id. ib. 9, § 60 Müll.; and: Lucius praenomen est ejus, qui primum fuit, qui oriente luce natus est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 119 Müll.—In fem.: Lūcia, Varr. L. L. 9, § 61 Müll.—Hence,Lucipor for Lucii puer, the slave of a Lucius, Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 26.2. -
15 lucius
1.Lūcĭus, i, m. [lux; of the day], a Roman prænomen, usually represented by L.:II.Crepusci, qui eo tempore erant nati, ut Lucii prima luce,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll.; cf.:qui luci natus est Lucius,
id. ib. 9, § 60 Müll.; and: Lucius praenomen est ejus, qui primum fuit, qui oriente luce natus est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 119 Müll.—In fem.: Lūcia, Varr. L. L. 9, § 61 Müll.—Hence,Lucipor for Lucii puer, the slave of a Lucius, Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 26.2. -
16 mano
māno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [prob. for mad-no; Sanscr. madas, drunkenness; Gr. madaros, flowing; cf.: madeo, madidus; also Gr. manos], to flow, run, trickle, drop, distil, etc.I.Lit.(α).Neutr.: manat omni corpore sudor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 399); cf.:(β).manat item nobis e toto corpore sudor,
Lucr. 6, 944:gelidus toto manabat corpore sudor,
Verg. A. 3, 175:tepidae manant ex arbore guttae,
Ov. M. 10, 500:fons manat,
id. ib. 9, 664:cruor,
id. ib. 13, 887:lacrima,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 59:sanies,
id. C. 3, 11, 19:Herculis simulacrum multo sudore manavit,
dripped with much sweat, Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74:signa Lanuvii cruore manavere,
dripped with gore, Liv. 23, 31, 15:cultrum ex volnere extractum manante cruore prae se tenens,
Liv. 1, 59, 1:alvei manantes per latera et fluctu superurgente,
leaking through the joints of the side, Tac. A. 2, 23:longā manantia labra salivā,
Juv. 6, 623.—Act., to give out, shed, pour forth:B.Indica gemma in attritu sudorem purpureum manat,
gives out, Plin. 37, 10, 61, § 170:lacrimas marmora manant,
Ov. M. 6, 312.— Poet.: fidis enim manare poëtica mella Te solum, to distil poetic honey, i. e. to be a poet, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44.—Transf., of things not fluid, to flow, diffuse or extend itself, to spread:II.aër, qui per maria manat,
Cic. N. D. 1, 15, 40:sonitus per aures,
Lucr. 6, 927:multa a luna manant, et fluunt,
Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 50:manat dies ab oriente,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 4 Müll.: manare solem antiqui dicebant, cum solis orientis radii splendorem jacere coepissent, Paul. ex Fest. p. 158 Müll.—Trop., to diffuse or extend itself, to spread, get abroad:B.cum malum manaret in dies latius,
daily spreads farther, Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; cf.:malum manavit per Italiam,
id. Cat. 4, 3, 6:manat tota urbe rumor,
Liv. 2, 49:manat et funditur disserendi ratio per omnes partis sapientiae,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 25, 72:cum tristis a Mutina fama manaret,
id. Phil. 4, 6, 15:nomen usque ad Pythagorae manavit aetatem,
id. ib. 5, 3, 8:fidei bonae nomen manat latissime,
id. Off. 3, 17, 70:manavit ea benignitas ex urbe etiam in castra,
Liv. 24, 18.—Esp., to flow, spring, arise, proceed, emanate, have its origin, originate from any thing:C.peccata ex vitiis manant,
Cic. Par. 3, 1, 22:omnis honestas manat a partibus quattuor,
id. Off. 1, 43, 152:ab Aristippo Cyrenaica philosophia manavit,
id. de Or. 3, 17, 62:unde omnia manant, videre,
id. ib. 3, 2, 27.—To escape, be forgotten:omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat,
Hor. A. P. 337. -
17 obcido
1.occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.I.Lit.A.In gen. (very rare):B.aliquem pugnis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,
to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:occisum ad mortem,
wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):II.L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:ejus copias,
id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:ad unum omnes,
to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:aliquem veneno,
to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,
Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:et occidet eum lingua viperae,
Vulg. Job, 20, 16:occisa sunt in terrae motu,
id. Apoc. 11, 13:dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,se occidere,
Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—Transf.A.To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;B.not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:aliā occidis fabulā,
id. Men. 5, 5, 23:occidis saepe rogando,
Hor. Epod. 14, 5:legendo,
id. A. P. 475.—To ruin, undo:2. I.occidisti me tuis fallaciis,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,
I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.Lit.A.In gen. (rare):B.et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,
id. 23, 24.—In partic.1.Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:2.soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 4:Capra, Aquila, Canicula,
Col. 11, 2, 94:occasura pars caeli,
i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,ante solem obcasum,
before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:donec lux occidat,
Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:non occidet ultra sol tuus,
Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;II. A.syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:in bello,
id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53:sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,
Sall. J. 7, 2:occiderit ferro Priamus?
Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:minimo vulnere,
Ov. M. 6, 265.—Of persons:B.sin plane occidimus,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:occidimus funditus,
Verg. A. 11, 413.—Of things:3.non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,
I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:occidit spes nostra,
is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:lumen (oculorum),
Lucr. 3, 414:dolus,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:causa,
Lucr. 2, 790:rem publicam occidere,
Cic. Dom. 30, 96:vita,
id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:occidit ornatus (mundi),
perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:vestra beneficia occasura esse,
id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):ab oriente ad occidentem,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,
Hor. Epod. 1, 13:cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,
Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,
Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.occīdo, for occedo, q. v. -
18 occido
1.occīdo ( obc-), cīdi, cīsum, 3 (occisit for occiderit, Lex Num. Pompil. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. occisum. pp. 178 and 179; also Lex XII. Tab. ap. Macr. S. 1, 4), v. a. [ob-caedo], to strike down, strike to the ground; to beat, smash, crush.I.Lit.A.In gen. (very rare):B.aliquem pugnis,
Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 20:occare id est comminuere, ne sit glaeba: quod ita occidunt, occare dictum,
to crush, Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1:occisum ad mortem,
wounded to death, Vulg. Apoc. 13, 3.—In partic., to strike or cut down; to cut off, kill, slay (class. and very freq.; syn.: interficio, trucido, obtrunco): summus ibi capitur meddix: occiditur alter, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 123 Müll. (Ann. v. 296 Vahl.):II.L. Virginius filiam suā manu occidit,
Cic. Fin. 2, 20, 66:ejus copias,
id. Phil. 14, 14, 36:ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 36: occidione occidere, to completely cut off, destroy; v. occidio:ad unum omnes,
to cut off all to the last man, Liv. 3, 23:aliquem veneno,
to destroy with poison, Suet. Claud. 44; Just. 3, 2, 1:occisus videtur non tantum qui per vim aut per caedem interfectus est, velut jugulatus... sed et is qui veneno Necatus dicitur,
Paul. Sent. 3, 5, 2 sqq.; cf.:et occidet eum lingua viperae,
Vulg. Job, 20, 16:occisa sunt in terrae motu,
id. Apoc. 11, 13:dedistine ei gladium qui se occideret?
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92: cum ipse se conaretur occidere, Cic. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 69; so,se occidere,
Curt. 6, 10, 18; Quint. 7, 3, 7; Suet. Vit. 10; Eutr. 1, 8; 6, 24; Lact. 3, 18, 8; cf.:occidit, adversariumne? immo vero aiunt se et eum, quem defendit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 302.—Transf.A.To plague to death; to torture, torment, pester (cf. exanimo, II. B.; very rare;B.not in Cic. or Cæs.): occidis me, cum istuc rogitas,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 21:aliā occidis fabulā,
id. Men. 5, 5, 23:occidis saepe rogando,
Hor. Epod. 14, 5:legendo,
id. A. P. 475.—To ruin, undo:2. I.occidisti me tuis fallaciis,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 67.—Hence, oc-cīsus, a, um, P. a., ruined, lost, unfortunate, undone (Plautin.):occisa est haec res, nisi, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 7.— Sup.:occisissimus sum omnium, qui vivunt,
I am the most unfortunate, Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 53.Lit.A.In gen. (rare):B.et alia Signa de caelo ad terram occidunt,
Plaut. Rud. prol. 8: ut alii [p. 1251] super alios occiderent, Liv. 21, 35:arbores ita inciderant, ut momento levi impulsae occiderent,
id. 23, 24.—In partic.1.Of the heavenly bodies, to go down, set (class.): prope jam occidente sole, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24:2.soles occidere, et redire possunt: Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda,
Cat. 5, 4:Capra, Aquila, Canicula,
Col. 11, 2, 94:occasura pars caeli,
i. e. western, Plin. 2, 25, 23, § 92: SOL OCCASVS SVPREMA TEMPESTAS ESTO, i. e. sundown, sunset, Lex XII. Tab.; cf. Gell. 17, 2, 10 (Varr. L. L. 6, § 5 Müll., gives, instead of it, OCCASVS SOLIS; v. 2. occasus); so,ante solem obcasum,
before sunset, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 41:donec lux occidat,
Juv. 13, 158.—Fig.:non occidet ultra sol tuus,
Vulg. Isa. 60, 20.—Pregn., to fall, perish, die (class.;II. A.syn.: obeo, pereo, intereo): exstincto calore, occidimus ipsi et extinguimur,
Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 23:in bello,
id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:Eudemus proelians ad Syracusas occidit,
id. Div. 1, 25, 53:sperans hostium saevitiā facile eum occasurum,
Sall. J. 7, 2:occiderit ferro Priamus?
Verg. A. 2, 581: dextrā suā, to die by one's own hand (by suicide), id. ib. 12, 659:minimo vulnere,
Ov. M. 6, 265.—Of persons:B.sin plane occidimus,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—So, esp., occidi, an exclamation of despair, I am lost, undone, Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 75; Ter. And. 3, 4, 26:nulla sum, nulla sum: tota tota occidi,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 1:occidimus funditus,
Verg. A. 11, 413.—Of things:3.non hercle occiderunt mihi etiam fundique atque aedes,
I have not yet lost, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 72:occidit spes nostra,
is gone, id. Most. 2, 1, 2:lumen (oculorum),
Lucr. 3, 414:dolus,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 6:causa,
Lucr. 2, 790:rem publicam occidere,
Cic. Dom. 30, 96:vita,
id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109:occidit ornatus (mundi),
perishes, id. Ac. 2, 38, 119:vestra beneficia occasura esse,
id. Mil. 36, 100.—Hence, occĭdens, entis, P. a.; as subst., m., the quarter of the setting sun, the west, the occident (class.):ab oriente ad occidentem,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:vel occidentis usque ad ultimum sinum,
Hor. Epod. 1, 13:cui se oriens occidensque submiserat,
Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 112:validissima in se civium arma viribus occidentis coepta,
Tac. H. 2, 6: partes mundi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 339 Müll.occīdo, for occedo, q. v. -
19 orior
ŏrĭor, ortus, fut. part. oriturus, 4 (but with some forms of the 3d conj.: orĭtur, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 305 Müll.; Gell. 4, 17, 14; cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 26; Lucr. 3, 272; Verg. A. 2, 411; 680; Hor. S. 1, 5, 39; Ov. M. 1, 774 et saep.:I.oreris,
id. ib. 10, 166; imperat. orere, Val. Max. 4, 7, 7: impf. subj. oreretur, Paul. Nol. Carm. 15, 59; and oreretur and orerentur are the more usual forms in the best MSS.; cf. Haase in Reisig's Vorles. p. 251; Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 418 sq.), v. dep. [root or.; Sanscr. ar-; Gr. ornumi, orinô; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. 348 sq.].In gen., of persons, to rise, bestir one's self, get up, etc.:B.consul oriens nocte diceret dictatorem,
Liv. 8, 23.—Esp., of the heavenly bodies, to rise, become visible, appear:II.stellae, ut quaeque oriturque caditque,
Ov. F. 1, 295:ortā luce,
in the morning, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:orto sole,
at sunrise, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112:postera lux oritur,
id. S. 1, 5, 39; cf.: crassa pulvis oritur, Enn. ap. Non. 205, 28. —Transf., in gen., to come forth, become visible; to have one's origin or descent, to spring, descend from; to grow or spring forth; to rise, take its origin; arise, proceed, originate (syn. nascor):A. 1.hoc quis non credat abs te esse ortum?
Ter. And. 3, 2, 9:Rhenus oritur ex Lepontiis,
takes its rise, Caes. B. G. 5, 4:Maeander ex arce summā Celaenarum ortus,
Liv. 38, 13, 7:Tigris oritur in montibus Uxiorum,
Curt. 5, 3, 1:fons oritur in monte,
Plin. Ep. 4, 30, 2:Durius amnis oritur in Pelendonibus,
Plin. 4, 20, 34, § 112:amnis Indus in Cibyratarum jugis,
id. 5, 28, 29, § 103:ibi Caicus amnis oritur,
id. 5, 30, 33, § 125:incliti amnes Caucaso monte orti,
Curt. 8, 9, 3:Rhenus Alpium vertice ortus,
Tac. G. 1, 2:clamor,
Caes. B. G. 5, 53:oritur controversia,
arises, Cic. Clu. 69, 161: unde oritur nox, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 193 Müll. (Ann. v. 407 Vahl.):tempestas,
Nep. Tim. 3, 3:monstrum mirabile,
Verg. A. 2, 680:ulcera,
Cels. 6, 13:ea officia. quae oriuntur a suo cujusque genere virtutum,
Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 69:id facmus ex te ortum,
Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 67:tibi a me nulla orta est mjuria,
I have caused you no injury, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 35: quod si numquam oritur, ne occidit quidem umquam, comes into being, Cic. Rep. 6, 24, 27. —Of persons, to be born:in quo (solo) tu ortus et procreatus es,
Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 4:pueros orientes animari,
at birth, id. Div. 2, 42, 89: ex concubina, Sal. J. 108, 1; to be descended from:plerosque Belgas esse ortos a Germanis,
Caes. B. G. 2, 4; to begin, commence, take its beginning:ab aliquo sermo oritur,
Cic. Lael. 1, 5.—Hence,The rising sun, morning sun:2.et me saevus equis oriens afflavit anhelis,
Verg. A. 5, 739; id. G. 1, 250.—The quarter where the sun rises, the East, the Orient (opp. to occidens, the West, the Occident):3.ab oriente ad occidentem,
Cic. N. D. 2, 66:aestivus,
the quarter where the sun rises in summer, Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 105:hibernus,
Col. 1, 6:vernus,
Gell. 2, 22, 7.—Poet. for day:B.septimus hinc oriens cum se demiserit undis,
Ov. F. 1, 653.—ortus, a, um, P. a., sprung, descended, born; constr. with ex, ab, and (partic. with poets and since the Aug. per.) with simple abl.(α).Class. usually with ab:(β).a me ortus,
Cic. Planc. 27, 67:quoniam ab illo (Catone) ortus es,
id. Mur. 31, 66; Nep. Att. 18, 3; Hor. S. 1, 5, 55:maternum genus ab regibus ortum,
Suet. Caes. 6:a liberatoribus patriae ortus,
Liv. 7, 32, 13: homo a se ortus, without noble or famous ancestors:ego a me ortus et per me nixus (opp. adjuvari commendatione majorum),
Cic. Planc. 27, 67; id. Phil. 6, 6, 17.—Less freq. with ex and name of person:(γ).ex Tantalo,
Quint. 9, 3, 57; but with ex and the name of a place, family, order, class, etc., freq. and class.:ex eodem loco ortus,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 10:ortus ex eā familiā, quā, etc.,
Liv. 7, 10, 3:ex concubinā,
Sall. J. 5, 7; 108, 1; Liv. 1, 34, 6:ex patricio sanguine,
id. 6, 40, 6.—With abl. alone (except with loco and genere, mostly poet. and post-Aug.):eā familiā ortus,
Sall. C. 31, 7:orte Saturno,
Hor. C. 1, 12, 50; 4, 5, 1; 3, 6, 33: 4, 6, 32: id. Ep. 1, 6, 22:ortus sorore ejus,
Liv. 8, 3, 7:paelice,
id. 39, 53, 3:orti Atticis,
Vell. 1, 4 init.:antiquis nobilibus,
Quint. 3, 8, 31:Germanicum Druso ortum,
Tac. A. 1, 3:Thessalis,
id. ib. 6, 34; 12, 53;15, 72: regiā stirpe,
Curt. 4, 1, 17:oppido Ferentino,
Suet. Oth. 1:equestri familiā,
id. Aug. 2:magnis e centurionibus,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 73. -
20 posticus
postīcus, a, um, adj. [post; like anticus from ante].I.That is behind, hinder, back -, posterior (class., but not in Cic. or Cæs.):II.est etiam hic ostium aliud posticum nostrarum aedium,
backdoor, Plaut. Stich. 3, 1, 40; cf.: posticum ostium dicitur in posteriore parte aedium. Ceterum antiqui etiam vicinum habitantem ad posteriorem partem aedium sic appellarunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 220 Müll.:locus erat posticis aedium partibus,
Liv. 23, 8: perrexit in interiores partes domuis posticae, of the backbuilding, out - house, Varr. ap. Non. 217, 7:domo posticā egressus,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 3:muri,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 42 Müll.: vicinus, v. Paul. ex Fest. l. l.: non peperit, verum posticā parte profudit, with the posteriors, Lucil. ap. Non. 217, 17:sannae,
made behind the back, Pers. 1, 62:pedes,
hind feet, Sol. 26:pars palatii,
Suet. Oth. 6:posticam lineam in agris dividendis Serv. Sulpicius appellavit, ab exoriente sole ad occidentem quae spectabat,
Fest. p. 233 Müll.: quae ante nos sunt, antica: et quae post nos sunt, postica dicuntur: et dextram anticam, sinistram posticam dicimus. Sic etiam ea caeli pars, quae sole illustratur ad meridiem, antica nominatur, quae ad septentrionem postica, Paul. ex Fest. p. 220 Müll.; cf.:ejus templi partes quattuor dicuntur: sinistra ab oriente, dextra ab occasu, antica ad meridiem, postica ad septentrionem,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 7 Müll.—Subst.A.postīca, ae, f., a backdoor (post-class.), App. M. 9, p. 217, 25; Dig. 7, 1, 13.—B.postīcum, i, n.1.A backdoor (the prevailing form for this signif.):2.per posticum se conferre,
Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 27:atria servantem postico falle clientem,
Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 31; Vulg. Dan. 13, 18.—The back part of a building, the rear front, Titin. ap. Non. 217, 19:3.in pronao, et postico,
Vitr. 3, 1.—A backhouse, privy (anteclass.), Lucil. ap. Non. 217, 20.—4.The posteriors, the fundament (ante- and postclass.): retrimenta cibi, quae exierunt per posticum, Varr. ap. Non. 217, 24; also in plur., Arn. 2, 54.
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