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limit

  • 1 conclūdō

        conclūdō sī, sus, ere    [com- + claudo], to shut up, close, imprison, enclose, confine: bestias: multitudinem: me in cellam cum illā, T.: illum aliquo, T.: locum sulco, V.: Suave locus voci resonat conclusus, H.: conclusum mare, Cs.—Fig., to include, compress, restrain, limit, restrict: tot res in unum diem, T.: omnia fere, quae sunt conclusa nunc artibus, dispersa et dissipata quondam fuerunt: Ut huc concludar, be shut up to this (marriage), T.: me miserum, T.: (orator) concludatur in ea, quae, etc.—Of language, to compress, include, condense, comprise: uno volumine vitam virorum complurium, N.: ea (vis) verbis interdicti non concluditur.—To end, close, conclude: facinus crudelitate perfectum atque conclusum — In discourse, to end, finish, conclude, complete: huius generis orationem: crimen (the discussion of) the charge: sententias, to round off: versum. — In philos., to conclude, infer, make an inference, argue, demonstrate: ex rebus concessis quod velis: argumentum: quo modo concludatur ratio: summum malum esse dolorem, etc.: hoc modo.
    * * *
    concludere, conclusi, conclusus V TRANS
    shut up, confine; contain, limit; close; include (limit); conceal, keep secret; conclude/finish; define; construct/compose (sentence); infer, deduce, imply

    Latin-English dictionary > conclūdō

  • 2 dē-fīniō

        dē-fīniō īvī, ītus, īre,    to bound, set bounds to, limit, terminate, define: fundi extremam partem oleae ordine: orbem terrarum (loca): huius generis orationem, bring to an end. — Fig., to limit, define, explain: genus brevi definiri potest: unum hoc definio, tantam esse, etc., this only I declare, etc. — To fix, determine, establish, appoint: aedīs sibi: ut suus cuique locus erat definitus, Cs.: ante quem diem iturus sit, Cs.: cum esset omnibus definita mors. — To limit, bound, restrict, confine: amicitiam paribus officiis ac voluntatibus.

    Latin-English dictionary > dē-fīniō

  • 3 fīnis

        fīnis is, m (often f in sing., C., V., H., O.)    [2 FID-], that which divides, a boundary, limit, border: loci: imperi, S.: haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris, L.: arbiter Nolanis de finibus: inter eos finīs, quos feci, L.— A mark, starting-point, goal: finibus omnes Prosiluere suis, V.: trans finem iaculo expedito, H.: Solus superest in fine, at the goal, V.— Borders, territory, land, country: iter in Santonum finīs facere, Cs.: his finibus eiectus sum, S.: alienos populari finīs, L.: Atlanteus, the remote land of Atlas, H.—Abl. with gen, up to, as far as: matres pectoris fine prominentes, Cs.: Fine genūs succincta, O.—Fig., a limit, bound: ingeni sui fines: finem aequitatis transire: finem potentia caeli Non habet, O.: sunt certi denique fines, H.: intra Naturae finīs vivere, H.— An end, termination, close, conclusion, period, stop: finem iniuriis facturus, Cs.: orandi finem face, T.: scribendi: vitae: orationi finem facere: operum, H.: Imperium sine fine, everlasting, V.: Poscens sine fine Oscula, O.: usque ad eum finem, dum, etc., until the time when: quem ad finem sese iactabit audacia? till when?: quem ad finem? how long? —An end, death: invidiam supremo fine domari, H.: quem tibi Finem di dederint, H.— An end, extremity, highest point, greatest degree, summit: omnia: fines bonorum et malorum, i. e. supreme good and evil: honorum: aequi iuris, Ta.— An end, purpose, aim, object: domūs finis est usus: Quae finis standi? V.
    * * *
    boundary, end, limit, goal; (pl.) country, territory, land

    Latin-English dictionary > fīnis

  • 4 līmes

        līmes itis, m    [2 LAC-], a path, passage, road, way, track: eo limite signa extulerunt, L.: lato te limite ducam, V.: acclivis, O.: transversi, by-roads, L.: Appiae, the line of the Appian way, L.: solito dum flumina currant Limite, channel, O.: trahens spatioso limite crinem Stella, track, O.: Sectus in obliquo est lato curvamine limes, the zodiac, O.— A boundary, limit, land-mark (between two fields or estates): partiri limite campum, V.: effodit medio de limite saxum, Iu.: certi, H.— A fortified boundary-line, boundary-wall: limite acto, Ta.— Fig., a boundary, limit: angustus mundi, Iu.— A way, path: quasi limes ad caeli aditum: idem limes agendus erit, i. e. the same means, O.
    * * *
    path, track; limit; strip of uncultivated ground marking boundary

    Latin-English dictionary > līmes

  • 5 terminō

        terminō āvī, ātus, āre    [terminus], to set bounds, mark off by boundaries, bound, limit: praetores terminare iussi, quā, etc., i. e. to bound their jurisdiction, L.: finīs imperi caeli regionibus: fana, L.: stomachus palato extremo atque intimo terminatur, ends in: imperium Oceano, famam astris, V.—Fig., to limit, set limits, circumscribe, bound: isdem finibus gloriam, quibus vitam: ea (lingua) vocem terminat: campos oculis, i. e. reach the limits of, L.— To limit, define, determine: bona voluptate, mala dolore.— To set bounds, close, finish, end, terminate: clausulas longā syllabā: ut pariter extrema terminentur.
    * * *
    terminare, terminavi, terminatus V
    mark the boundaries of, form the boundaries of; restrict; conclude

    Latin-English dictionary > terminō

  • 6 terminus

        terminus ī, m    [1 TER-], a boundary-line, boundary, bound, limit: de terminis contentio: templi, L.: possessionum.—Person., Termmus, the deity presiding over boundaries, L., H., O.— Fig., a bound, limit, end, term <*> in amicitiā fines, et quasi termini diligendi: nullis terminis circumscribere aut definire ius suum: terminos pangere: gloriae, Cu.— An end, term: vitae: senectutis.
    * * *
    boundary, limit, end; terminus

    Latin-English dictionary > terminus

  • 7 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 8 adhuc

    ăd-huc, adv.
    I.
    Prop., of place, to this place, hitherto, thus far (designating the limit, inclusive of the whole space traversed: hence often joined with usque; cf.

    ad, A. 1. B.): conveniunt adhuc utriusque verba,

    thus far, to this point, the statements of both agree, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 20:

    adhuc ea dixi, causa cur Zenoni non fuisset,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44; cf. Auct. Her. 1, 9, 16:

    his oris, quas angulo Baeticae adhuc usque perstrinximus,

    Mel. 3, 6, 1.—Hence, in the desig. of measure or degree, so far, to such a degree:

    et ipse Caesar erat adhuc impudens, qui exercitum et provinciam invito senatu teneret,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 4; so Liv. 21, 18, 4; Quint. 2, 19, 2; 8, 5, 20.—More frequently,
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Of time, until now, hitherto, as yet (designating the limit, together with the period already passed; cf.

    ad, 1. B.): res adhuc quidem hercle in tuto est,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 48:

    celabitur itidem ut celata adhuc est,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 20:

    sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 6:

    ille vidit non modo, quot fuissent adhuc philosophorum de summo bono, sed quot omnino esse possent sententiae,

    id. Fin. 5, 6, 16:

    haec adhuc (sc. acta sunt): sed ad praeterita revertamur,

    id. Att. 5, 20; so ib. 3, 14 fin.; 5, 17, 46; id. Agr. 3, 1, 1:

    Britanni, qui adhuc pugnae expertes,

    Tac. Agr. 37; so Curt. 7, 7, 8 al.—With usque or semper:

    usque adhuc actum est probe,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 107; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 14; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; id. Ad. 4, 4, 23; 5, 4, 5; id. Hec. 4, 1, 29; Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

    quod adhuc semper tacui et tacendum putavi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119.—With dum in subordinate propositions, for the purpose of more accurate desig. of time:

    quae adhuc te carens, dum hic fui, sustentabam,

    what I have endured during the whole time that I have been here, until now, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 4:

    adhuc dum mihi nullo loco deesse vis, numquam te confirmare potuisti,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 4; so ib. 18.—Hence the adverbial expression (occurring once in Plautus): adhuc locorum, until now, hitherto: ut adhuc locorum feci, faciam sedulo, Capt. 2, 3, 25.— Adhuc denotes not merely a limitation of time in the present, but also, though more rarely, like usque eo and ad id tempus, and the Engl. as yet, in the past:

    adhuc haec erant, ad reliqua alacri tendebamus animo,

    Cic. Div. 2, 2, 4:

    Abraham vero adhuc stabat,

    Vulg. Gen. 18, 22:

    unam adhuc a te epistulam acceperam,

    Cic. Att. 7, 2:

    cum adhuc sustinuisset multos dies,

    Vulg. Act. 18, 18:

    scripsi etiam illud quodam in libello... disertos me cognōsse nonnullos, eloquentem adhuc neminem,

    id. de Or. 1, 21:

    una adhuc victoria Carus Metius censebatur,

    Tac. Agr. 45.—
    B.
    Adhuc non, or neque adhuc, not as yet, not to this time: nihil adhuc, nothing as yet, or not at all as yet: numquam adhuc, never as yet, never yet:

    cupidissimi veniendi maximis injuriis affecti, adhuc non venerunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, 65:

    me adhuc non legisse turpe utrique nostrum est,

    id. Fam. 7, 24, 7; so id. 3, 8, 25; 6, 14; 14, 6, 2; Mart. 7, 89, 10:

    cui neque fulgor adhuc nec dum sua forma recessit,

    Verg. A. 11, 70:

    nihil adhuc peccavit etiam,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 78:

    nihil adhuc est, quod vereare,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:

    sed quod quaeris, quando, qua, quo, nihil adhuc scimus,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 7, 4; so 9, 17, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 57; Nep. Milt. 5:

    numquam etiam quicquam adhuc verborum est prolocutus perperam,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 92; cf. id. Capt. 5, 2, 7.—
    C.
    For etiam nunc, yet, still; to denote continuance (apparently not used by Cic.):

    stertis adhuc?

    are you still snoring? Pers. 3, 58;

    adhuc tranquilla res est,

    it is still quiet, Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 15; so id. Ad. 1, 2, 42:

    Ephesi regem est consecutus fluctuantem adhuc animo,

    Liv. 33, 49, 7; so 21, 43, 14; Tac. A. 1, 8, 17; id. H. 2, 44, 73; 4, 17; id. Germ. 28; Suet. Aug. 56, 69; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 1; Curt. 8, 6, 18: quinque satis fuerant; nam sex septemve libelli est nimium: quid adhuc ludere, Musa, juvat? why play still, still more, or further? Mart. 8, 3; so id. 4, 91.—
    D.
    Hence also to denote that a thing is still remaining or existing:

    at in veterum comicorum adhuc libris invenio,

    I yet find in the old comic poets, Quint. 1, 7, 22:

    quippe tres adhuc legiones erant,

    were still left, Tac. H. 3, 9; so id. G. 34; id. Ann. 2, 26; Mart. 7, 44, 1.—With vb. omitted:

    si quis adhuc precibus locus, exue mentem,

    Verg. A. 4, 319.—
    E.
    To denote that a thing has only reached a certain point, now first, just now: cum adhuc ( now for the first time) naso odos obsecutus es meo, da vicissim meo gutturi gaudium, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 9:

    gangraenam vero, si nondum plane tenet, sed adhuc incipit, curare non difficillimum est,

    Cels. 5, 26, 34; so Mart. 13, 102.—Hence, with deinde or aliquando following:

    quam concedis adhuc artem omnino non esse, sed aliquando,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

    senatus priusquam edicto convocaretur ad curiam concurrit, obseratisque adhuc foribus, deinde apertis, tantas mortuo gratias agit, etc.,

    Suet. Tit. 11; so Tac. A. 11, 23.—
    F.
    To denote that a thing had reached a certain limit before another thing happened (in prose only after Livy), still, yet, while yet:

    inconditam multitudinem adhuc disjecit,

    he dispersed the multitude while yet unarranged, Tac. A. 3, 42.—
    G.
    For etiam, insuper, praeterea, to denote that a thing occurs beside or along with another (belonging perhaps only to popular language, hence once in Plaut., and to the post-Aug. per.), besides, further, moreover:

    addam minam adhuc istic postea,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 18:

    unam rem adhuc adiciam,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, 8:

    sunt adhuc aliquae non omittendae in auro differentiae,

    Plin. 33, 2, 10, § 37; so Quint. 2, 21, 6; 9, 4, 34; Val. Fl. 8, 429; Tac. A. 1, 17; id. Agr. 29; ib. 33; Flor. 1, 13, 17; Vulg. Amos, 4, 7; ib. Joan. 16, 12; ib. Heb. 11, 32.—
    H.
    In later Lat. adhuc is used like etiam in the Cic. per., = eti, yet, still, for the sake of emphasis in comparisons; then, if it cnhances the comparative, it stands before it; but follows it, if that which the comp. expresses is added by way of augmentation; as, he has done a still greater thing, and he has still done a greater thing (this is the view of Hand, Turs. I. p. 166):

    tum Callicles adhuc concitatior,

    Quint. 2, 15, 28:

    adhuc difficilior observatio est per tenores,

    id. 1, 5, 22:

    si marmor illi (Phidiae), si adhuc viliorem materiem obtulisses, fecisset, etc.,

    Sen. Ep. 85, 34:

    adhuc diligentius,

    Plin. 18, 4: cui gloriae amplior [p. 36] adhuc ex opportunitate cumulus accessit, Suet. Tib. 17:

    Di faveant, majora adhuc restant,

    Curt. 9, 6, 23; so Quint. 10, 1, 99; Tac. G. 19; Suet. Ner. 10.
    I.
    Adhuc sometimes = adeo, even (in the connection, et adhuc, -que adhuc; v. adeo, II.).
    a.
    Ita res successit meliusque adhuc, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 18:

    Tellurem Nymphasque et adhuc ignota precatur flumina,

    Verg. A. 7, 137:

    Nil parvum sapias et adhuc sublimia cures,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 15; so ib. 2, 2, 114; Liv. 22, 49, 10; Sen. Ep. 49, 4.—
    b.
    Absol.:

    gens non astuta nec callida aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentiā joci,

    Tac. G. 22:

    cetera similes Batavis, nisi quod ipso adhuc terrae suae solo et caelo acrius animantur,

    ib. 29, 3 (cf.: ipse adeo under adeo, II., and at the end); so Stat. S. 1, 2, 55.—See more upon this word, Hand, Turs. I. pp. 156-167.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adhuc

  • 9 arto

    arto (not arcto), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. artus], to draw or press close together, to compress, contract (not found in Cic.).
    I.
    A.. Lit.: omnia conciliatu artari possunt, * Lucr. 1, 576:

    libros,

    Mart. 1, 3, 3; Col. 12, 44, 2:

    vitis contineri debet vimine, non artari,

    Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 209:

    angustias eas artantibus insulis parvis, quae etc.,

    id. 3, 6, 13, § 83.—
    B.
    Trop., to contract, straiten, limit, curtail:

    fortuna humana fingit artatque ut lubet, i. e. in angustias redigit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 54 Lind.; Liv. 45, 56:

    tempus,

    to limit, circumscribe, Dig. 42, 1, 2; 38, 9, 1:

    se,

    to limit one's self, to retrench, ib. 1, 11, 2 al. —
    II.
    In gen., to finish, conclude, Petr. 85, 4.—Hence, artātus, a, um, P. a., contracted into a small compass; hence, narrow, close; and of time, short:

    pontus,

    Luc. 5, 234:

    tempus,

    Vell. 1, 16.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > arto

  • 10 definio

    dēfīnĭo, īvi, ītum, 4, v. a.
    I.
    To bound, to set bounds to; to limit, terminate, define (for syn. v. decerno—freq. in Cic.).
    A.
    Lit.:

    ejus fundi extremam partem oleae directo ordine definiunt,

    Cic. Caecin. 8, 22; cf. id. Rep. 2, 6:

    orbes caeli aspectum nostrum definiunt,

    id. Div. 2, 44; cf. id. N. D. 2, 40:

    orbem terrarum (loca),

    id. Balb. 28, 64;

    imperium populi R.,

    id. Sest. 31, 67 al. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To designate by limiting; to limit, define, determine; to explain (cf. circumscribo, no. II. A.):

    genus universum brevi circumscribi et definiri potest,

    Cic. Sest. 45, 97; cf. id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

    universam et propriam oratoris vim,

    id. ib. 1, 15:

    definienda res erit verbis et breviter describenda,

    id. Inv. 1, 8 fin.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 24; 2, 31 fin.: omitto innumerabiles viros, etc.... unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc., this only I declare, etc., id. ib. 1, 1 fin.: probe definitur a Stoicis fortitudo, cum eam virtutem esse dicunt propugnantem pro aequitate, id. Off. 1, 19; 1, 27, 96; id. Fin. 2, 2 et saep.:

    nec uno modo definitur res eadem,

    Quint. 7, 3, 16; Tac. A. 6, 28 et saep.:

    aedes sibi optimas, hortos, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 3, 9; cf.:

    ut suus cuique locus erat definitus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 81, 4:

    tempus adeundi,

    id. ib. 7, 83, 5: cf.:

    ante quem diem iturus sit,

    id. B. C. 1, 11, 2:

    annos,

    Quint. 12, 6, 1:

    consulatum in annos,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 82, 4; cf.:

    potestatem in quinquennium,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 13:

    ut quam vitam ingrediar, definias,

    id. Ac. 2, 36; cf. id. Quint. 27:

    non remittam: definitum est,

    it is determined, decided, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 43; Cic. Fat. 5, 9; Vulg. 1 Reg. 20, 33.—
    2.
    In opposition to breadth or laxity (cf. circumscribo, no. II. 2), to limit within certain bounds, to restrict, confine:

    non vagabitur oratio mea longius atque eis fere ipsis definietur viris, qui, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 3:

    quae sententia definit amicitiam paribus officiis ac voluntatibus,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 58; cf. id. de Or. 3, 28, 109: ex perduellium numero definitus, included in the definition of, Off. 3, 29, 107 (dub.). —
    II.
    To terminate, finish (very rare;

    perh. only in the foll. places): ut totam hujus generis orationem concludam atque definiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52 Zumpt; id. Or. 19 fin.: definito juvene, ended, i. e. slain, Apul. M. 8, p. 203, 20.—Hence, dēfīnītus, a, um, P. a. (according to no. I. B. 1), definite, limited, distinct, precise; plain, perspicuous (rare, but good prose): quaestionum duo sunt genera: alterum infinitum, alterum definitum. Definitum est, quod hupothesin Graeci, nos causam, etc., Cic. Top. 21;

    so opp. generales,

    Quint. 7, 2, 1:

    certum esse in caelo ac definitum locum, ubi, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 13;

    so with certus,

    id. Fam. 3, 8; Quint. 7, 10, 7:

    quaestiones,

    Cic. Top. 24 fin.—Adv.: dē-fīnītē, definitely, precisely, distinctly, [p. 531] etc., Cic. Balb. 14; de Or. 2, 27, 118; Plin. Pan. 88, 6; Gell. 1, 257 al.— Comp. and sup. do not occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > definio

  • 11 definite

    dēfīnĭo, īvi, ītum, 4, v. a.
    I.
    To bound, to set bounds to; to limit, terminate, define (for syn. v. decerno—freq. in Cic.).
    A.
    Lit.:

    ejus fundi extremam partem oleae directo ordine definiunt,

    Cic. Caecin. 8, 22; cf. id. Rep. 2, 6:

    orbes caeli aspectum nostrum definiunt,

    id. Div. 2, 44; cf. id. N. D. 2, 40:

    orbem terrarum (loca),

    id. Balb. 28, 64;

    imperium populi R.,

    id. Sest. 31, 67 al. —
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    To designate by limiting; to limit, define, determine; to explain (cf. circumscribo, no. II. A.):

    genus universum brevi circumscribi et definiri potest,

    Cic. Sest. 45, 97; cf. id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

    universam et propriam oratoris vim,

    id. ib. 1, 15:

    definienda res erit verbis et breviter describenda,

    id. Inv. 1, 8 fin.; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 24; 2, 31 fin.: omitto innumerabiles viros, etc.... unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis, etc., this only I declare, etc., id. ib. 1, 1 fin.: probe definitur a Stoicis fortitudo, cum eam virtutem esse dicunt propugnantem pro aequitate, id. Off. 1, 19; 1, 27, 96; id. Fin. 2, 2 et saep.:

    nec uno modo definitur res eadem,

    Quint. 7, 3, 16; Tac. A. 6, 28 et saep.:

    aedes sibi optimas, hortos, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 3, 9; cf.:

    ut suus cuique locus erat definitus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 81, 4:

    tempus adeundi,

    id. ib. 7, 83, 5: cf.:

    ante quem diem iturus sit,

    id. B. C. 1, 11, 2:

    annos,

    Quint. 12, 6, 1:

    consulatum in annos,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 82, 4; cf.:

    potestatem in quinquennium,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 13:

    ut quam vitam ingrediar, definias,

    id. Ac. 2, 36; cf. id. Quint. 27:

    non remittam: definitum est,

    it is determined, decided, Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 43; Cic. Fat. 5, 9; Vulg. 1 Reg. 20, 33.—
    2.
    In opposition to breadth or laxity (cf. circumscribo, no. II. 2), to limit within certain bounds, to restrict, confine:

    non vagabitur oratio mea longius atque eis fere ipsis definietur viris, qui, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 3:

    quae sententia definit amicitiam paribus officiis ac voluntatibus,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 58; cf. id. de Or. 3, 28, 109: ex perduellium numero definitus, included in the definition of, Off. 3, 29, 107 (dub.). —
    II.
    To terminate, finish (very rare;

    perh. only in the foll. places): ut totam hujus generis orationem concludam atque definiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52 Zumpt; id. Or. 19 fin.: definito juvene, ended, i. e. slain, Apul. M. 8, p. 203, 20.—Hence, dēfīnītus, a, um, P. a. (according to no. I. B. 1), definite, limited, distinct, precise; plain, perspicuous (rare, but good prose): quaestionum duo sunt genera: alterum infinitum, alterum definitum. Definitum est, quod hupothesin Graeci, nos causam, etc., Cic. Top. 21;

    so opp. generales,

    Quint. 7, 2, 1:

    certum esse in caelo ac definitum locum, ubi, etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 13;

    so with certus,

    id. Fam. 3, 8; Quint. 7, 10, 7:

    quaestiones,

    Cic. Top. 24 fin.—Adv.: dē-fīnītē, definitely, precisely, distinctly, [p. 531] etc., Cic. Balb. 14; de Or. 2, 27, 118; Plin. Pan. 88, 6; Gell. 1, 257 al.— Comp. and sup. do not occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > definite

  • 12 finis

    fīnis, is (abl. regularly fine;

    fini,

    Lucr. 1, 978;

    also fine,

    ib. 976;

    and adverb. fini, ea fini, qua fini,

    Cato, R. R. 21, 3; 28, 2; 154; Gell. 1, 3, 30; 7, 3, 29; Dig. 16, 2, 19), m. (f. mostly ante- and post-class. and poet., and only in sing., Att., Caecil., Varr., Sisenn. ap. Non. 205, 6 sq.; Lucr. 1, 107; 551; 555; 561 sq.; cf. Lachm. p. 43; Verg. A. 2, 554; 5, 328; 384; 12, 793 al.;

    rarely in class. prose,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Att. 9, 10, 4; Liv. 4, 2, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 9, 26, 9; 22, 57, 5; Plin. 30, 10, 24, § 82; 33, 1, 1, § 3; 33, 6, 31, § 98 al.; plur. f. only Varr. L. L. 5, 1, 13; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 703) [for fidnis, root bhid-, fid-, v. findo; for the suffix, cf.: pa-nis, ig-nis, etc.], a boundary, limit, border, = terminus, horos.
    I.
    Lit.:

    accessit propius et jam ingrediens intra finem ejus loci, quem oleae terminabant, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

    fere ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae,

    Liv. 40, 16, 5; cf. id. 33, 37, 6:

    Philaenōn arae, quem locum Aegyptum vorsus finem imperii habuere Carthaginienses,

    Sall. J. 19, 3:

    quem ad finem porrecta ac loca aperta pertinebant, cedentes (hostes) insequi,

    as far as, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 5:

    quibus venientibus ad finem legatio Veientium obviam fuit,

    Liv. 4, 58, 1; cf.:

    nulla legatio ad finem praesto fuerat,

    id. 38, 15, 10; 10, 35, 1:

    haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris,

    id. 28, 5, 5; cf. id. 35, 27, 9 Drak.—In plur.:

    vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 93:

    nec Mamilia lege singuli, sed ex his tres arbitri fines regemus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55 (v. rego, I. B.):

    in finibus Lycaoniae, mihi litterae redditae sunt,

    id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: Q. Fabius Labeo arbiter Nolanis et Neapolitanis de finibus a senatu datus... fines [p. 752] terminare, id. Off. 1, 10, 33; cf.:

    SEX. ATILIVS INTER ATESTINOS ET VEICETINOS FINIS TERMINOSQVE STATVI IVSIT,

    Inscr. Orell. 3110:

    fines proferre, propagare,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12; id. Mur. 9, 22:

    inter eos fines, quos feci,

    Liv. 1, 18, 9:

    atque hominum finem Gades Calpenque secutus,

    Sil. 1, 141.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In plur., borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries:

    propere de finibus suis exercitus deducerent,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 60:

    per agrum Sequanorum iter in Santonum fines facere, qui non longe a Tolosatium finibus absunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 1; cf.:

    si suas copias Aedui in fines Bellovacorum introduxerint,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

    civitatum fines incolere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    ego his finibus ejectus sum, quos, etc.,

    Sall. J. 14, 8:

    neque flumen neque mons erat, qui fines eorum discerneret,

    id. ib. 79, 3:

    Multum interest, alienos populare fines an tuos uri exscindive videas,

    Liv. 28, 44, 2:

    veteres nullum animal sacrum in finibus suis esse patiebantur, sed abigebant ad fines deorum, quibus sacrum esset,

    where these gods were worshipped, Macr. S. 3, 7, 6.—
    2.
    Fine or fini alicujus rei, up to, as far as, a certain point (very rare):

    matresfamiliae de muro pectoris fine prominentes passis manibus obtestabantur Romanos, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 5 Oud. N. cr. (al. pectore nudo); so,

    fine inguinum ingrediuntur mare,

    Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 38 Gerl. (in Arus. Mess. p. 231 ed. Lind.):

    fine genūs vestem ritu succincta Dianae,

    Ov. M. 10, 536:

    per mare umbilici fine ingressi, Auct. B. Afr. 85, 1: amphoras nolito implere nimium ansarum infimarum fini,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2: Asiam orientis fine a Macedonibus perdomitam, Justin. 30, 4.
    II.
    Trop., a limit, bound:

    Crassus mihi visus est oratoris facultatem non illius artis terminis, sed ingenii sui finibus, immensis paene, describere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214; cf.:

    certos mihi fines terminosque constituam, extra quos egredi non possim,

    id. Quint. 10, 35:

    finem et modum transire,

    to go beyond all bounds and measure, id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf.:

    transcendere fines Juris,

    Lucr. 3, 60:

    modum aliquem et finem orationi facere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

    est modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultraque citraque nequit consistere rectum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 106:

    intra Naturae fines vivere,

    id. ib. 50:

    (dixit) mulierem quinque pueros enixam... eumque esse finem multijugae hominum partionis,

    Gell. 10, 2, 1:

    consulta, quibus sedecim stipendiorum finem expresserant,

    term, limit, Tac. A. 1, 78:

    his finibus luxuriam coercere,

    Gell. 2, 24, 15.—Hence, the starting-point in a race:

    Inde, ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes Prosiluere suis (of vessels),

    Verg. A. 5, 139.—
    B.
    Transf., like telos.
    1.
    An end:

    in hoc (aequo judicio) uno denique falsae infamiae finis aliquis atque exitus reperiatur,

    Cic. Clu. 3, 7:

    dicendi finem facere,

    id. Sest. 65, 136; cf.:

    si placet, in hunc diem hactenus... finem disputandi facere,

    id. Rep. 2, 44 fin.:

    scribendi,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    maledictis,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 34:

    injuriis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 1:

    vitae finem afferre alicui,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; cf.:

    quando finem habet motus, vivendi finem habeat necesse est,

    id. Rep. 6, 25:

    finem judiciariae controversiae constituere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5:

    oratio lecta ad eum finem, quem, etc.,

    as far as, id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

    ludus repertus, et longorum operum finis,

    Hor. A. P. 406:

    imperium sine fine,

    everlasting, Verg. A. 1, 279:

    pigetque actorum sine fine mihi,

    Ov. M. 2, 387:

    poscens sine fine oscula,

    id. ib. 4, 334 al.—Adverb.: ad eum finem, until that:

    amor bestiarum in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

    mansit in condicione usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 6, 16: quem ad finem, till when? how long? quamdiu furor iste tuus eludet? quem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia? id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    piratam vivum tenuisti: quem ad finem? dum cum imperio fuisti,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; id. Mur. 5, 11; id. Fam. 9, 26, 1; cf.: Lu. Sequere... In. Sequor:

    sed finem fore quem dicam nescio (i. e. sequendi),

    Plaut. Trin. prol. 2.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    The end of life, latter end, death (not till after the Aug. per.):

    comperit invidiam supremo fine domari,

    i. e. after death, Hor. Ep. 2, 11, 12: tu ne quaesieris, quem mihi, quem tibi Finem di dederint, id. C. 1, 11, 2:

    nec quicquam jam de fine, si fata poscerent, recusans,

    Vell. 2, 123, 2; Sen. Ep. 30, 3; Val. Max. 3, 3, 4 ext.:

    septem a Neronis fine menses sunt,

    Tac. H. 1, 37:

    Augusti,

    id. A. 1, 4; 1, 16; 2, 39:

    voluntarius,

    id. ib. 4, 19; 15, 63 et saep.—
    (β).
    The end, extremity of an ascending series, i. e. the highest point, greatest degree, summit: sentis credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

    licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 11; and:

    ad finem bonorum, quo referuntur et cujus causa sunt facienda omnia,

    the chief good, id. Leg. 1, 20, 52:

    fines bonorum et malorum,

    id. Fin. 1, 17, 55; hence the title of Cicero's treatise De Finibus, analog. to the Gr. peri telôn; cf. id. Att. 13, 21, 4, with ib. 19, 4:

    honorum populi finis est consulatus,

    id. Planc. 25, 60:

    quemque sperandi sibi, eundem bene dicendi finem proponerent,

    id. Tusc. 2, 1, 3:

    duodecim tabulae, finis aequi juris,

    Tac. A. 3, 27. —
    (γ).
    An end, purpose, aim, object (but an end subjectively regarded, as an intention, or design, is propositum, consilium, mens, etc.):

    omnes artes habere finem aliquem propositum, ad quem tendunt,

    Quint. 2, 17, 22:

    laudis et gloriae,

    id. 8, 3, 11:

    domus finis est usus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    officium ejus facultatis videtur esse, dicere apposite ad persuasionem: finis, persuadere dictione,

    id. Inv. 1, 5, 6; cf. id. ib. 2, 51, 156; id. Part. Or. 4, 11; id. de Or. 1, 42, 188; 2, 34, 145; Quint. 2, 15, 6:

    quem finem vel quid summum et ultimum habeat rhetorice,

    id. ib. 38:

    volgaris liberalitas referenda est ad illum Ennii finem, Nihilo minus ipsi lucet, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 16, 52:

    ad finem vitae,

    Quint. 2, 17, 41:

    medicinae,

    id. ib. 25; 2, 21, 3.—
    (δ).
    An intention, design, end in view (very rare; cf. g supra):

    quod ad eum finem memoravimus, ut, etc.,

    Tac. A. 14, 64.—
    2.
    In rhet. lang., i. q. finitio and definitio, qs. an explanatory limiting, a definition, explanation (perh. not in Cic., but repeatedly in Quint.):

    dicuntur argumenta ex finitione seu fine,

    Quint. 5, 10, 54:

    est frequentissimus finis, rhetoricen esse vim persuadendi,

    id. 2, 15, 3; id. ib. 11 sq.; 4, 4, 3 Spald. N. cr.
    3.
    In the later jurid. Lat., a measure, amount:

    placuit, ut fructus hypothecarum usuris compensaret, fini legitimae usurae,

    Dig. 20, 1, 1:

    finem pretii, deminuere vel excedere,

    ib. 21, 2, 66:

    ad finem peculii legata praestare,

    ib. 49, 17, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > finis

  • 13 hacetenus

    hac-tĕnus (a strengthened archaic form, hacĕtĕnus, acc. to Mar. Victor. p. 2457 P.—Separated per tmesin, Verg. A. 5, 603; 6, 62; Ov. M. 5, 642), adv. [hic- tenus; lit., as far as to this side; hence], to indicate a limit, so far, thus far (cf. hucusque).
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Lit. (very rare), to this place, thus far:

    hactenus summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 700:

    hactenus dominum est illa secuta suum,

    id. Tr. 1, 10, 22; id. Am. 2, 11, 16; cf.:

    hactenus in occidentem Germaniam novimus,

    Tac. G. 35 init.:

    hac Trojana tenus fuerit fortuna secuta,

    Verg. A. 6, 62.—Far more freq. and class. (esp. freq. in Cic.),
    B.
    Transf., to indicate the limit of a discourse or of an extract, thus far, to this point, no further than this:

    hactenus mihi videor de amicitia quid sentirem potuisse dicere,

    Cic. Lael. 7, 24:

    hactenus admirabor corum tarditatem, qui, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

    hactenus fuit, quod caute a me scribi posset,

    id. Att. 11, 4, 2:

    externae arbores hactenus fere sunt,

    Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 1; cf. id. 14, 3, 4, § 36:

    sed me hactenus cedentem nemo insequatur ultra,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    verum hactenus evagari satis fuerit,

    id. 2, 4, 32;

    so after a quotation: hactenus Trogus,

    Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 276:

    hactenus Varro,

    id. 14, 14, 17, § 96.—
    b.
    In this sense usually ellipt., esp. as a formula of transition:

    sed, si placet, in hunc diem hactenus: reliqua differamus in crastinum,

    thus far for to-day, Cic. Rep. 2, 44, 4 fin.: ergo [p. 837] haec quoque hactenus:

    redeo ad urbana,

    id. Att. 5, 13, 2: sed haec hactenus: nunc, etc., so much for this (very freq.), id. Div. 2, 24, 53; id. Lael. 15, 55; id. Att. 13, 21, 4; Quint. 4, 2, 30 et saep.:

    haec hactenus,

    Cic. Att. 16, 6, 2:

    sed de hoc loco plura in aliis: nunc hactenus,

    id. Div. 2, 36, 76:

    hactenus haec,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 63:

    sed hactenus, praesertim, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 5, 13, 1; so,

    sed hactenus,

    id. ib. 9, 7, 3; 13, 9, 1; 14, 17, 2; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46:

    de litteris hactenus,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 1; 3, 7, 3; 16, 24, 1; id. Att. 6, 2, 1 al.:

    hactenus de soloecismo,

    Quint. 1, 5, 54:

    hactenus ergo de studiis... proximus liber, etc.,

    id. 1, 12, 19:

    hactenus de poëtis,

    Lact. 1, 5, 15:

    hactenus de mundo,

    Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102; 15, 8, 8, § 34:

    hactenus, et pariter vitam cum sanguine fudit,

    Ov. M. 2, 610:

    hactenus et gemuit,

    id. ib. 10, 423:

    hactenus: ut vivo subiit,

    id. F. 5, 661:

    hactenus Aeacides,

    id. M. 12, 82; 14, 512.—
    II.
    In time, to indicate a limit, up to this time, thus far, so long, till now, hitherto, no longer than this ( poet. and post-Aug.):

    hactenus quietae utrimque stationes fuere: postquam, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 26, 6:

    hactenus pro libertate, mox de finibus pugnatum est,

    Flor. 1, 11, 5; Ov. M. 5, 250:

    hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri,

    Verg. A. 5, 603; 11, 823:

    dispecta est et Thule, quam hactenus nix et hiems abdebat,

    Tac. Agr. 10; id. A. 13, 47.—
    III.
    In extent.
    A.
    Absol., opp. to more, to this extent, so much, only so much, only (very rare, and not anteAug.):

    Burrum sciscitanti hactenus respondisse: ego me bene habeo,

    Tac. A. 14, 51;

    so ellipt.,

    Suet. Dom. 16.—Far more freq. and class.,
    B.
    Relat., like eatenus, to this extent that, so much as, so far as, as far as;

    corresp. with quatenus, quoad, quod, si, ut (so most freq.), ne: hactenus non vertit (in rem), quatenus domino debet: quod excedit, vertit,

    Dig. 15, 3, 10, § 7:

    hactenus existimo nostram consolationem recte adhibitam esse, quoad certior ab homine amicissimo fieres iis de rebus, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    patrem familiae hactenus ago, quod aliquam partem praediorum percurro,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 15, 3: meritoria officia sunt;

    hactenus utilia, si praeparant ingenium, non detinent,

    Sen. Ep. 88.—With ut:

    haec artem quidem et praecepta duntaxat hactenus requirunt, ut certis dicendi luminibus ornentur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 119; id. Div. 1, 8, 13; Hor. S. 1, 2, 123; Ov. H. 15, 156.—With ne:

    curandus autem hactenus, ne quid ad senatum, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 5, 4, 2; Quint. 6, 2, 3; Tac. A. 14, 7; cf.:

    (eum) interficere constituit, hactenus consultans, veneno an ferro vel qua alia vi,

    id. ib. 14, 3 init.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hacetenus

  • 14 hactenus

    hac-tĕnus (a strengthened archaic form, hacĕtĕnus, acc. to Mar. Victor. p. 2457 P.—Separated per tmesin, Verg. A. 5, 603; 6, 62; Ov. M. 5, 642), adv. [hic- tenus; lit., as far as to this side; hence], to indicate a limit, so far, thus far (cf. hucusque).
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Lit. (very rare), to this place, thus far:

    hactenus summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,

    Ov. M. 13, 700:

    hactenus dominum est illa secuta suum,

    id. Tr. 1, 10, 22; id. Am. 2, 11, 16; cf.:

    hactenus in occidentem Germaniam novimus,

    Tac. G. 35 init.:

    hac Trojana tenus fuerit fortuna secuta,

    Verg. A. 6, 62.—Far more freq. and class. (esp. freq. in Cic.),
    B.
    Transf., to indicate the limit of a discourse or of an extract, thus far, to this point, no further than this:

    hactenus mihi videor de amicitia quid sentirem potuisse dicere,

    Cic. Lael. 7, 24:

    hactenus admirabor corum tarditatem, qui, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

    hactenus fuit, quod caute a me scribi posset,

    id. Att. 11, 4, 2:

    externae arbores hactenus fere sunt,

    Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 1; cf. id. 14, 3, 4, § 36:

    sed me hactenus cedentem nemo insequatur ultra,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    verum hactenus evagari satis fuerit,

    id. 2, 4, 32;

    so after a quotation: hactenus Trogus,

    Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 276:

    hactenus Varro,

    id. 14, 14, 17, § 96.—
    b.
    In this sense usually ellipt., esp. as a formula of transition:

    sed, si placet, in hunc diem hactenus: reliqua differamus in crastinum,

    thus far for to-day, Cic. Rep. 2, 44, 4 fin.: ergo [p. 837] haec quoque hactenus:

    redeo ad urbana,

    id. Att. 5, 13, 2: sed haec hactenus: nunc, etc., so much for this (very freq.), id. Div. 2, 24, 53; id. Lael. 15, 55; id. Att. 13, 21, 4; Quint. 4, 2, 30 et saep.:

    haec hactenus,

    Cic. Att. 16, 6, 2:

    sed de hoc loco plura in aliis: nunc hactenus,

    id. Div. 2, 36, 76:

    hactenus haec,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 63:

    sed hactenus, praesertim, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 5, 13, 1; so,

    sed hactenus,

    id. ib. 9, 7, 3; 13, 9, 1; 14, 17, 2; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46:

    de litteris hactenus,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 1; 3, 7, 3; 16, 24, 1; id. Att. 6, 2, 1 al.:

    hactenus de soloecismo,

    Quint. 1, 5, 54:

    hactenus ergo de studiis... proximus liber, etc.,

    id. 1, 12, 19:

    hactenus de poëtis,

    Lact. 1, 5, 15:

    hactenus de mundo,

    Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102; 15, 8, 8, § 34:

    hactenus, et pariter vitam cum sanguine fudit,

    Ov. M. 2, 610:

    hactenus et gemuit,

    id. ib. 10, 423:

    hactenus: ut vivo subiit,

    id. F. 5, 661:

    hactenus Aeacides,

    id. M. 12, 82; 14, 512.—
    II.
    In time, to indicate a limit, up to this time, thus far, so long, till now, hitherto, no longer than this ( poet. and post-Aug.):

    hactenus quietae utrimque stationes fuere: postquam, etc.,

    Liv. 7, 26, 6:

    hactenus pro libertate, mox de finibus pugnatum est,

    Flor. 1, 11, 5; Ov. M. 5, 250:

    hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri,

    Verg. A. 5, 603; 11, 823:

    dispecta est et Thule, quam hactenus nix et hiems abdebat,

    Tac. Agr. 10; id. A. 13, 47.—
    III.
    In extent.
    A.
    Absol., opp. to more, to this extent, so much, only so much, only (very rare, and not anteAug.):

    Burrum sciscitanti hactenus respondisse: ego me bene habeo,

    Tac. A. 14, 51;

    so ellipt.,

    Suet. Dom. 16.—Far more freq. and class.,
    B.
    Relat., like eatenus, to this extent that, so much as, so far as, as far as;

    corresp. with quatenus, quoad, quod, si, ut (so most freq.), ne: hactenus non vertit (in rem), quatenus domino debet: quod excedit, vertit,

    Dig. 15, 3, 10, § 7:

    hactenus existimo nostram consolationem recte adhibitam esse, quoad certior ab homine amicissimo fieres iis de rebus, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    patrem familiae hactenus ago, quod aliquam partem praediorum percurro,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 15, 3: meritoria officia sunt;

    hactenus utilia, si praeparant ingenium, non detinent,

    Sen. Ep. 88.—With ut:

    haec artem quidem et praecepta duntaxat hactenus requirunt, ut certis dicendi luminibus ornentur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 119; id. Div. 1, 8, 13; Hor. S. 1, 2, 123; Ov. H. 15, 156.—With ne:

    curandus autem hactenus, ne quid ad senatum, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 5, 4, 2; Quint. 6, 2, 3; Tac. A. 14, 7; cf.:

    (eum) interficere constituit, hactenus consultans, veneno an ferro vel qua alia vi,

    id. ib. 14, 3 init.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hactenus

  • 15 limes

    līmĕs, ĭtis, m. [root in līmus; cf. limen, and Gr. lechris; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 12, 5], a cross-path, balk between fields.
    I.
    Lit., the Romans usually had in their fields two broad and two narrower paths; the principal balk from east to west was called limes decumanus; that from north to south was called cardo;

    of the two smaller ones, that running from east to west was called prorus, the other, from north to south, transversus,

    Hyg. de Limit. Const. 18, 33 and 34; Col. 1, 8, 7:

    lutosi limites,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 8. —
    B.
    Transf. (mostly poet.).
    1.
    A boundary, limit between two fields or estates, consisting of a stone or a balk:

    partiri limite campum,

    Verg. G. 1, 126:

    saxum antiquum, ingens, campo quod forte jacebat, Limes agro positus, litem ut discerneret arvis,

    id. A. 12, 897:

    effodit medio de limite saxum,

    Juv. 16, 38.—
    2.
    A fortified boundaryline, a boundary-wall:

    cuncta inter castellum Alisonem ac Rhenum novis limitibus aggeribusque permunita,

    Tac. A. 2, 7:

    limite acto promotisque praesidiis,

    id. G. 29: penetrat interius, aperit limites, Vell. 2, 120.—
    3.
    In gen., any path, passage, road, way; also, by-street, by-road:

    eo limite Athenienses signa extulerunt,

    Liv. 31, 39:

    profectus inde transversis limitibus,

    id. ib.:

    lato te limite ducam,

    Verg. A. 9, 323:

    acclivis,

    Ov. M. 2, 19:

    limite recto fugere,

    id. ib. 7, 782:

    transversi,

    by-roads, Liv. 22, 12, 2 Fabr.; 31, 39, 5; 41, 14 init.: limes Appiae, the line of the Appian street (for the street itself), id. 22, 15, 11:

    limite acto (i. e. facto),

    Tac. G. 29.—

    Of the channel of a stream: solito dum flumina currant Limite,

    Ov. M. 8, 558; Prop. 5, 9, 60.—Of the track of light left behind them by comets, fiery meteors, torches, etc.:

    flammiferumque trahens spatioso limite crinem, Stella micat,

    Ov. M. 15, 849:

    tum longo limite sulcus Dat lucem,

    Verg. A. 2, 697; Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96:

    sectus in obliquo est lato curvamine limes,

    the zodiac, Ov. M. 2, 130:

    latum per agmen Ardens limitem agit ferro,

    Verg. A. 10, 514; cf. Sil. 4, 463; 9, 379; Stat. Th. 9, 182.—
    4.
    A line or vein in a precious stone:

    nigram materiam distinguente limite albo,

    Plin. 37, 10, 69, § 184.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    A boundary, limit:

    limes carminis,

    Stat. Th. 1, 16:

    aestuat infelix angusto limite mundi,

    Juv. 10, 169.—
    B.
    A distinction, difference:

    judicium brevi limite falle tuum,

    Ov. R. Am. 325:

    quaedam perquam tenui limite dividuntur,

    Quint. 9, 1, 3.—
    C.
    A way, path:

    si maledicitis vostro gradiar limite,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18:

    bene meritis de patria quasi limes ad caeli aditum patet,

    Cic. Somn. Scip. 8; Sen. Ben. 1, 15, 2:

    eundem limitem agere,

    to go the same way, employ the same means, Ov. A. A. 3, 558.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > limes

  • 16 meta

    mēta, ae, f. [root ma-, measure, whence Gr. metron; Lat. manus, mane, etc. (q. v.), properly, that which marks a measured space, hence], any mark at a boundary or limit, esp.,
    I.
    The conical columns set in the ground at each end of the Roman Circus, the goal, turning-post:

    metaque fervidis Evitata rotis,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 5:

    aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu Septima quam metam triverit ante rota,

    Prop. 3, 20, 25; cf.:

    et modo lora dabo, modo verbere terga notabo, Nunc stringam metas interiore rotā,

    Ov. Am. 3, 2, 11; Suet. Caes. 39:

    petra in metae maxime modum erecta est, cujus ima spatiosiora sunt, altiora in artius coëunt, summa in acutum cacumen exsurgunt,

    i. e. in the shape of a cone, Curt. 8, 39, 6; cf. III. 3. infra).—
    II.
    Any goal or winning-post, the mark, goal, in any contest of speed:

    optatam cursu contingere metam, of a footrace,

    Hor. A. P. 412:

    metam tenere, in a boatrace,

    Verg. A. 5, 159.—
    2.
    Trop. (because of the danger to drivers of striking the goal, and breaking their oars), a critical point, place of danger:

    fama adulescentis paulum haesit ad metas, notitiā novā mulieris,

    broke down, failed, at the critical point, Cic. Cael. 31.—
    III.
    Transf., an end, period, extremity, boundary, limit:

    longarum haec meta viarum,

    Verg. A. 3, 714:

    ad metas aevi pervenire,

    id. ib. 10, 472:

    metam tangere vitae,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 1:

    ad metam properare,

    id. A. A. 2, 727:

    ultima,

    id. Am. 3, 15, 2:

    hic tibi mortis erant metae,

    Verg. A. 12, 546:

    ad quas metas naturae sit perveniendum usu,

    i. e. extremes, Varr. L. L. 8, 16, 31:

    quando illa (luna) incurrat in umbram terrae, quae est meta noctis, eam obscurari necesse est,

    the limit, measure of night, Cic. Div. 2, 6, 17 (but v. 3. below, fin. and the passage there cited from Pliny): sol ex aequo metā distabat utrāque, equally far from both ends of his course, i. e. at noon, Ov. M. 3, 145:

    intercalariis mensibus interponendis ita dispensavit (Numa), ut vices uno anno ad metam eandem solis unde orsi essent... dies congruerent,

    Liv. 1, 19, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    metae Marsicae, = fines Marsorum,

    Mart. Cap. 4, § 331 Kapp:

    pares horarum metas, tam antemeridialium quam postremarum, manifestant,

    id. 6, § 600.—
    2.
    A turning-point in one's course:

    praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni,

    to sail around the promontory of Pachynus, Verg. A. 3, 429.—
    3.
    Of any thing resembling in shape the meta of the Circus; any thing of a conical or pyramidal form, a cone, pyramid (class.);

    of a conical hill: ipse collis est in modum metae, in acutum cacumen a fundo satis lato fastigatus,

    Liv. 37, 27:

    buxus in metas emittitur,

    into cones, Plin. 16, 16, 28, § 70:

    in metas foenum exstruere,

    in ricks, haycocks, Col. 2, 18, 2:

    lactantes,

    conical cheeses, Mart. 1, 44, 7:

    lactis,

    id. 3, 58, 35:

    meta sudans,

    a conical stone on a fountain, dripping with water, Sen. Ep. 56, 4: meta molendaria, or molendinaria, that part of the upper millstone which projects downward and grinds the corn (the upper part is the catillus, q. v.); = Gr. onos aletês, Dig. 33, 7, 18, § 5:

    metas molendinarias rotare,

    Amm. 17, 4, 15:

    si minor materia quam lux, metae existere effigiem,

    i. e. if the solid body be smaller than the light, its shadow will be conical, Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 51 (cf. the context).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meta

  • 17 ad

       ad praep. with acc.    [cf. Eng. at].—Of approach (opp. to ab, as in to ex).    I. In space, to, toward: retorquet oculos ad urbem: una pars vergit ad septentriones, Cs.: tendens ad sidera palmas, V. —Fig.: ad alia vitia propensior, more inclined to. —Esp., ad dextram, sinistram, or laevam, to or on the right or left: ito ad dextram, T.: alqd ad dextram conspicere, Cs.: non rectā regione... sed ad laevam, L.—Designating the goal, to, toward: ad ripam convenire, Cs.: vocari ad cenam, H.: ad se adferre: reticulum ad narīs sibi admovebat (cf. accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; and, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province).— Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in T. freq.): eamus ad me, T. — With gen., ellipt.: ad Dianae, to the temple of, T.: ad Castoris currere. — Used for dat: litteras dare ad aliquem, to write one a letter (cf. litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one): domum ad te scribere: ad primam (epistulam) scribere, to answer.—Hence, librum ad aliquem mittere, scribere, to dedicate a book to one. —In titles, ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to.— With names of towns, ad answers to Whither? for the simple acc., i. e. to the vicinity of, to the neighborhood of: ad Aquinum accedere, approach: ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam. — Of hostile movement or protection, against (cf. adversus): veniri ad se existimantes, Cs.: ipse ad hostem vehitur, N.: Romulus ad regem impetum facit (cf. in), L.: clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt, V.: ad hos casūs provisa praesidia, Cs.—In war, of manner of fighting: ad pedes pugna venerat, was fought out on foot, L.: equitem ad pedes deducere, L.: pugna ad gladios venerat, L. — Emphatic of distance, to, even to, all the way to: a Salonis ad Oricum portūs... occupavit, Cs.: usque a Dianis ad Sinopum navigare. — Fig.: deverberasse usque ad necem, T.: virgis ad necem caedi.—Of nearness or proximity in gen. (cf. apud), near to, by, at, close by: ad forīs adsistere: Ianum ad infimum Argiletum fecit, L.: quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset, at hand, L.: errantem ad flumina, V.; and ellipt.: pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret! — Of persons: qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat, Cs.: ad me fuit, at my house: ad inferos poenas parricidi luent, among.—So, fig.: ad omnīs nationes sanctum, in the judgment of, Cs.: ut esset ad posteros monumentum, etc., L.: ad urbem esse (of a general outside of the walls): ad urbem cum imperio remanere, Cs.—With names of towns and verbs of rest: pons, qui erat ad Genavam, Cs.; and with an ordinal number and lapis: sepultus ad quintum lapidem, N.—    II. In time, about, toward: domum reductus ad vesperum, toward evening.—Till, until, to, even to, up to: usque ad hanc aetatem: ad multam noctem: amant ad quoddam tempus, until: quem ad finem? how long: ad quartam (sc. horam), H. — Hence, ad id (sc. tempus), till then: ad id dubios servare animos, L.— At, on, in, by: ad horam destinatam, at the appointed hour: frumentum ad diem dare. —    III. In number or amount, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. circiter): talenta ad quindecim coëgi, T.: annos ad quadraginta natus.—Adverb.: occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor, Cs.: ad duo milia et trecenti occisi, L.—Of a limit, to, unto, even to (rare): (viaticum) ad assem perdere, to the last farthing, H.: ad denarium solvere. —Esp., ad unum, to a single one, without exception: omnes ad unum idem sentiunt: exosus ad unum Troianos, V. —    IV. In other relations, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in: ad honorem antecellere: nihil ad rem pertinet.—Ellipt.: rectene an secus, nihil ad nos: Quid ad praetorem? quid ad rem? i. e. what difference does it make? H.: quibus (auxiliaribus) ad pugnam confidebat, Cs.: ad speciem ornatus, ad sensum acerbus: mentis ad omnia caecitas: ad cetera paene gemelli, H.: facultas ad dicendum.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., according to, agreeably to, after: taleis ad certum pondus examinatis, Cs.: ad cursūs lunae describit annum, L.: canere ad tibiam: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (see unguis), H.: ad istorum normam sapientes: ad specus angustiae vallium (i. e. ad specuum similitudinem angustae valles), Cs. — With the cause or reason, according to, at, on, in consequence of, for, in order to: ad horum proces in Boeotiam duxit, on their entreaty, L.: dictis ad fallendum instructis, L.: causae ad discordiam, to produce dissension, T.: ad facinora incendere, S.: ad speciem tabernaculis relictis, for appearance, Cs.: ad id, for this use, as a means to that end, L.: ad id ipsum, for that my purpose, L.: delecto milite ad navīs, marines, L.: puer ad cyathum statuetur, H.: biiugi ad frena leones, yoked in pairs with bits, V.: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: ad communem salutem utilius.—In comparison, to, compared with, in comparison with: terra ad universi caeli complexum: nihil ad tuum equitatum, Caesar.—    V. In adverbial phrases, ad omnia, withal, to crown all: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc., L.—Ad hoc and ad haec, moreover, besides, in addition: ad hoc, quos... postremo omnes, quos, etc., S. — Ad id quod, beside that (rare): ad id quod... indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur, L. — Ad tempus, at a definite, fixed time, C., L.; at a fit, appropriate time, L.; for some time, for a short time, L.; according to circumstances. — Ad praesens, for the moment, for a short time.—Ad locum, on the spot: ut ad locum miles esset paratus, L.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally. — Ad summam, on the whole, generally, in general; in a word, in short, C., H.—Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum, at the end, finally, at last; of place, at the extremity, at the top, at the end: ad extremum (teli) unde ferrum exstabat, L.; of time, at last, finally: ad extremum incipit philosophari; of order, finally, lastly; to the last degree, quite, L. — Quem ad finem? to what limit? how far? how long? Note.—a. Ad rarely follows its acc: quam ad, T.: quos ad, C.: ripam ad Araxis, Ta.—b. In composition, ad- stands before vowels, b, d, f, h, i consonant, m, n, q, v, and mostly before l, r, s; acbefore c; but very often ad- before cl-, cr-, and cu-; ag- or ad- before g; ap- or ad- before p; atbefore t; but a- or ad- before gn, sp, sc, st.
    * * *
    I II
    to, up to, towards; near, at; until, on, by; almost; according to; about w/NUM

    Latin-English dictionary > ad

  • 18 cardō

        cardō inis, m    [CARD-], a hinge, pivot and socket (of door or gate): postīs a cardine vellit, V.: (ianua) movebat Cardines, H.: facili patuerunt cardine valvae, Iu.: versato cardine Egreditur, opening the door, O. — In astron., a pole: Extremusque adeo duplici de cardine vertex Dicitur esse polus, C., O.—A boundary, limit: intra eum cardinem (imperii), i. e. Mount Taurus, L.—Fig., a turning-point, crisis (poet.): tantus rerum, V.
    * * *
    hinge; pole, axis; chief point/circumstance; crisis; tenon/mortise; area; limit

    Latin-English dictionary > cardō

  • 19 circum-scrībō

        circum-scrībō īpsī, īptus, ere,    to encircle, circumscribe, enclose in a ring: orbem: virgulā stantem: virgā regem, L. — Fig., to define, encompass, enclose, limit, bound, circumscribe: nullis terminis ius suum: genus brevi circumscribi potest: uno genere genus hoc aratorum, to comprehend in one class. — To contract, hem in, circumscribe, hinder, restrain, confine, limit: praetorem: de circumscribendo adulescente sententia: insolentia in circumscribendis tribunis plebis, Cs. — To deceive, cheat, circumvent, entrap, ensnare, defraud: interrogationibus circumscripti: adulescentulos, overreach: Pupillos, Iu.—To cancel, annul, invalidate, make void, set aside: omni tempore Sullano circumscripto: circumscriptis iis sententiis, quas posui.

    Latin-English dictionary > circum-scrībō

  • 20 coangustō

        coangustō —, —, āre    [com- +angustus], to limit, restrict: legem.
    * * *
    coangustare, coangustavi, coangustatus V TRANS
    confine to narrow space, cramp; make narrower; narrow/limit scope/application

    Latin-English dictionary > coangustō

См. также в других словарях:

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