Перевод: с латинского на английский

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of+a+harsh

  • 21 durus

    dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

    et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

    Lucr. 2, 449; so,

    silex,

    Verg. A. 6, 471:

    ferrum,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

    cautes,

    Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

    bipennes,

    Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

    ligones,

    id. Epod. 5, 30:

    aratrum,

    id. S. 1, 1, 28:

    compes,

    id. Epod. 4, 4:

    pellis,

    Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

    arva,

    id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

    cutis,

    Ov. M. 8, 805:

    alvus,

    Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

    muria,

    saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

    dumeta,

    i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

    gallina,

    tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

    fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

    Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

    ladanum durissimum tactu,

    Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

    durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

    Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
    (α).
    E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
    (β).
    Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    As affecting the sense of taste:

    vinum, opp. suavis,

    hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

    sapor Bacchi,

    Verg. G. 4, 102:

    acetum,

    Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
    2.
    As affecting the ear:

    vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

    aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 62:

    consonantes,

    id. 11, 3, 35:

    syllabae,

    id. 12, 10, 30:

    verba,

    id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

    compositio,

    id. 9, 4, 142.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

    Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

    Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

    (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

    id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

    Attilius poëta durissimus,

    id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

    C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

    id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

    pictor durus in coloribus,

    Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

    terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

    id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
    2.
    But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

    fortes et duri Spartiatae,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

    Ligures, durum in armis genus,

    Liv. 27, 48:

    durum genus experiensque laborum,

    hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

    unde homines nati, durum genus,

    Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

    gens dura atque aspera cultu,

    a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

    genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

    Lucr. 5, 926:

    Dardanidae,

    Verg. A. 3, 94:

    Hannibal,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

    Iberia,

    id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

    vindemiator,

    id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

    ilia messorum,

    id. Epod. 3, 4:

    juvenci,

    Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
    B.
    Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

    quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

    quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

    id. Arch. 8:

    neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

    id. Lael. 13 fin.;

    ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

    Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

    satis pater durus fui,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

    Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

    mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

    Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

    duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

    Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

    quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

    id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

    ōs durum,

    shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

    cor,

    Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
    C.
    Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

    opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

    servitus,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

    lex,

    Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

    condicio,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

    provincia,

    Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

    partes,

    id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

    dolor,

    Lucr. 3, 460:

    labor,

    id. 5, 1272:

    subvectiones,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

    venatus,

    Ov. M. 4, 307:

    dura cultu et aspera plaga,

    Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

    durissimo tempore anni,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

    morbum acrem ac durum,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

    valetudo,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

    dolores,

    Verg. A. 5, 5:

    frigus,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

    fames,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

    pauperies,

    id. C. 4, 9, 49:

    causa,

    Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

    nomen (opp. molle),

    Cic. Off. 1, 12:

    verbum,

    id. Brut. 79, 274:

    propositio,

    Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

    ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

    siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

    Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

    ego dura tuli,

    Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

    hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

    if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
    A.
    (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

    juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

    Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

    durius,

    Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A.-C.)
    1.
    Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

    membra moventes Duriter,

    Lucr. 5, 1401:

    duriter,

    Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

    dure,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
    b.
    Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

    vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
    2.
    Harshly, roughly, sternly:

    quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

    Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

    duriter,

    Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
    3.
    Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

    durius cadentibus rebus,

    Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > durus

  • 22 immitia

    immītis ( inm-), e, adj. [in-mitis], not soft or mellow, harsh, rough, sour (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).
    I.
    Lit., of fruit:

    uva,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 10:

    fructus (opp. dulcis),

    Plin. 13, 4, 6, § 26. —More freq.,
    II.
    Transf., in gen., rough, rude, harsh, hard, severe, stern, fierce, savage, inexorable (syn.:

    barbarus, trux, torvus, immanis, ferox, crudelis, saevus): naturā et moribus immitis ferusque,

    Liv. 23, 5, 12; cf.

    asper et immitis,

    Suet. Tib. 59:

    arrogans, profusus, immitis,

    id. Ner. 4:

    tyrannus (i. e. Pluto),

    Verg. G. 4, 492:

    Parcae,

    Prop. 4 (5), 11, 13:

    Glycera,

    Hor. C. 1, 33, 2:

    immitibus et desertis locis,

    Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 120:

    insulam Gyarum immitem et sine cultu hominum esse,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    immite et turbidum caelum,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 17, 1:

    venti,

    Tib. 1, 1, 45:

    oculi,

    Ov. M. 6, 621:

    nidi (i. e. hirundinum apibus infestarum),

    Verg. G. 4, 17:

    ara (on which human beings are offered),

    Ov. P. 3, 2, 71:

    claustra,

    id. Am. 1, 6, 17:

    vulnera,

    id. de Nuce 69:

    fata,

    id. M. 13, 260:

    mandata,

    Tac. A. 15, 27:

    rescriptum,

    id. ib. 6, 9:

    mors,

    Tib. 1, 3, 55:

    caedes pariter fugientium ac resistentium,

    Liv. 4, 59, 6.—As subst.: immītĭa, ium, n., barbarous acts:

    ausae immitia nuptae (i. e. abortus),

    Ov. F. 1, 625.— Comp.:

    vetus operis ac laboris, et eo immitior, quia toleraverat,

    Tac. A. 1, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 1:

    calcato immitior hydro,

    Ov. M. 13, 804.— Sup.:

    serpentes immitissimum animalium genus,

    Plin. 10, 74, 96, § 207.— Adv.: im-mīte, rudely, harshly:

    stridorque immite rudentum Sibilat,

    Sil. 17, 257.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > immitia

  • 23 immitis

    immītis ( inm-), e, adj. [in-mitis], not soft or mellow, harsh, rough, sour (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).
    I.
    Lit., of fruit:

    uva,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 10:

    fructus (opp. dulcis),

    Plin. 13, 4, 6, § 26. —More freq.,
    II.
    Transf., in gen., rough, rude, harsh, hard, severe, stern, fierce, savage, inexorable (syn.:

    barbarus, trux, torvus, immanis, ferox, crudelis, saevus): naturā et moribus immitis ferusque,

    Liv. 23, 5, 12; cf.

    asper et immitis,

    Suet. Tib. 59:

    arrogans, profusus, immitis,

    id. Ner. 4:

    tyrannus (i. e. Pluto),

    Verg. G. 4, 492:

    Parcae,

    Prop. 4 (5), 11, 13:

    Glycera,

    Hor. C. 1, 33, 2:

    immitibus et desertis locis,

    Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 120:

    insulam Gyarum immitem et sine cultu hominum esse,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    immite et turbidum caelum,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 17, 1:

    venti,

    Tib. 1, 1, 45:

    oculi,

    Ov. M. 6, 621:

    nidi (i. e. hirundinum apibus infestarum),

    Verg. G. 4, 17:

    ara (on which human beings are offered),

    Ov. P. 3, 2, 71:

    claustra,

    id. Am. 1, 6, 17:

    vulnera,

    id. de Nuce 69:

    fata,

    id. M. 13, 260:

    mandata,

    Tac. A. 15, 27:

    rescriptum,

    id. ib. 6, 9:

    mors,

    Tib. 1, 3, 55:

    caedes pariter fugientium ac resistentium,

    Liv. 4, 59, 6.—As subst.: immītĭa, ium, n., barbarous acts:

    ausae immitia nuptae (i. e. abortus),

    Ov. F. 1, 625.— Comp.:

    vetus operis ac laboris, et eo immitior, quia toleraverat,

    Tac. A. 1, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 1:

    calcato immitior hydro,

    Ov. M. 13, 804.— Sup.:

    serpentes immitissimum animalium genus,

    Plin. 10, 74, 96, § 207.— Adv.: im-mīte, rudely, harshly:

    stridorque immite rudentum Sibilat,

    Sil. 17, 257.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > immitis

  • 24 inmitis

    immītis ( inm-), e, adj. [in-mitis], not soft or mellow, harsh, rough, sour (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).
    I.
    Lit., of fruit:

    uva,

    Hor. C. 2, 5, 10:

    fructus (opp. dulcis),

    Plin. 13, 4, 6, § 26. —More freq.,
    II.
    Transf., in gen., rough, rude, harsh, hard, severe, stern, fierce, savage, inexorable (syn.:

    barbarus, trux, torvus, immanis, ferox, crudelis, saevus): naturā et moribus immitis ferusque,

    Liv. 23, 5, 12; cf.

    asper et immitis,

    Suet. Tib. 59:

    arrogans, profusus, immitis,

    id. Ner. 4:

    tyrannus (i. e. Pluto),

    Verg. G. 4, 492:

    Parcae,

    Prop. 4 (5), 11, 13:

    Glycera,

    Hor. C. 1, 33, 2:

    immitibus et desertis locis,

    Plin. 17, 16, 26, § 120:

    insulam Gyarum immitem et sine cultu hominum esse,

    Tac. A. 1, 69:

    immite et turbidum caelum,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 17, 1:

    venti,

    Tib. 1, 1, 45:

    oculi,

    Ov. M. 6, 621:

    nidi (i. e. hirundinum apibus infestarum),

    Verg. G. 4, 17:

    ara (on which human beings are offered),

    Ov. P. 3, 2, 71:

    claustra,

    id. Am. 1, 6, 17:

    vulnera,

    id. de Nuce 69:

    fata,

    id. M. 13, 260:

    mandata,

    Tac. A. 15, 27:

    rescriptum,

    id. ib. 6, 9:

    mors,

    Tib. 1, 3, 55:

    caedes pariter fugientium ac resistentium,

    Liv. 4, 59, 6.—As subst.: immītĭa, ium, n., barbarous acts:

    ausae immitia nuptae (i. e. abortus),

    Ov. F. 1, 625.— Comp.:

    vetus operis ac laboris, et eo immitior, quia toleraverat,

    Tac. A. 1, 20; Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 1:

    calcato immitior hydro,

    Ov. M. 13, 804.— Sup.:

    serpentes immitissimum animalium genus,

    Plin. 10, 74, 96, § 207.— Adv.: im-mīte, rudely, harshly:

    stridorque immite rudentum Sibilat,

    Sil. 17, 257.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inmitis

  • 25 praedure

    prae-dūrus, a, um, adj., very hard (not in Cic. or Cæs.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    faba praedura,

    Plin. 18, 12, 30, § 121:

    radices,

    id. 26, 8, 29, § 46:

    caput,

    id. 9, 29, 46, § 85; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 69:

    corium,

    Tac. H. 1, 79:

    dens,

    Mart. 13, 66 (al. perjurus).—
    B.
    Transf., very strong:

    homo praedurus viribus,

    Verg. A. 10, 748:

    corpora,

    id. G. 2, 531:

    tempora,

    Ov. M. 12, 349.—
    II.
    Trop., very hard or difficult, very harsh, etc.: aetas, i. e. hardy (opp. tenera), Col. 6, 2, 1:

    labor,

    Val. Fl. 1, 235:

    sunt quidam praeduri oris,

    i. e. very impudent, Quint. 6, 4, 11:

    verba,

    very harsh, id. 1, 6, 26.—Hence, praedurē, adv., very hardy, Avien. Pr. Mar. 488.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praedure

  • 26 praedurus

    prae-dūrus, a, um, adj., very hard (not in Cic. or Cæs.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    faba praedura,

    Plin. 18, 12, 30, § 121:

    radices,

    id. 26, 8, 29, § 46:

    caput,

    id. 9, 29, 46, § 85; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 69:

    corium,

    Tac. H. 1, 79:

    dens,

    Mart. 13, 66 (al. perjurus).—
    B.
    Transf., very strong:

    homo praedurus viribus,

    Verg. A. 10, 748:

    corpora,

    id. G. 2, 531:

    tempora,

    Ov. M. 12, 349.—
    II.
    Trop., very hard or difficult, very harsh, etc.: aetas, i. e. hardy (opp. tenera), Col. 6, 2, 1:

    labor,

    Val. Fl. 1, 235:

    sunt quidam praeduri oris,

    i. e. very impudent, Quint. 6, 4, 11:

    verba,

    very harsh, id. 1, 6, 26.—Hence, praedurē, adv., very hardy, Avien. Pr. Mar. 488.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praedurus

  • 27 rigida

    rĭgĭdus, a, um, adj. [rigeo], stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. durus).
    I.
    Lit.:

    pruinae,

    Lucr. 2, 521; cf.:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    id. 1, 355:

    tellus,

    Verg. G. 2, 316:

    aqua,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 48:

    umbrae,

    Lucr. 5, 764:

    frigus,

    id. 1, 356:

    cervicem rectam oportet esse non rigidam aut supinam,

    Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf. id. 11, 3, 160; so,

    cervix,

    Liv. 35, 11; Suet. Tib. 68; Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 14:

    artus morte,

    Lucr. 6, 1196:

    crura,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

    rostrum,

    Ov. M. 5, 673:

    cornu,

    id. ib. 9, 85:

    setae,

    id. ib. 8, 428:

    capilli,

    id. ib. 10, 425:

    oculi (with extenti),

    Quint. 11, 3, 76 et saep.:

    quercus,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; cf.

    columnae,

    Ov. F. 3, 529:

    malus,

    id. H. 5, 53.—

    In mal. part.: illud,

    Petr. 134, 11; cf. Mart. 6, 49, 2.—

    Hence: custos ruris,

    i. e. Priapus, Ov. F. 1, 391; Auct. Priap. 46; and absol.: rĭgĭda, f., Cat. 56, 7:

    silices,

    hard, Ov. M. 9, 613; 225:

    saxum,

    id. ib. 4, 517:

    mons,

    hard, rocky, id. ib. 8, 797:

    Niphates,

    Hor. C. 2, 9, 20:

    ferrum,

    Ov. R. Am. 19:

    serae,

    id. F. 1, 124:

    ensis,

    Verg. A. 12, 304; Ov. M. 3, 118:

    hasta,

    Verg. A. 10, 346:

    unguis,

    Ov. Am. 2, 6, 4 et saep.—
    II.
    Trop., stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid; hardy, stern, rough (syn.:

    tristis, severus): vox,

    hard, harsh, Quint. 11, 3, 32:

    Sabini,

    rough, rude, unpolished, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; Ov. M. 14, 797:

    Getae,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 11; Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 46:

    fossor,

    hardy, Mart. 7, 71, 4; cf.

    manus,

    Ov. M. 14, 647:

    virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles,

    stern, inflexible, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 17; so,

    censor,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 664:

    parens,

    id. M. 2, 813:

    senes,

    id. F. 4, 310:

    mens,

    id. H. 3, 96:

    vultus,

    id. ib. 4, 73:

    rigidi et tristes satellites,

    Tac. A. 16, 22:

    (Cato) rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40, 10; cf.

    of the younger Cato: rigidi servator honesti,

    Luc. 2, 389; so,

    mores,

    Ov. R. Am. 762:

    rigida duraque sententia Macri,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 19; Sen. Ep. 11, 10; 21, 3; 81, 4:

    Mars,

    rough, fierce, Ov. M. 8, 20:

    leo,

    Mart. 10, 65, 13.— Comp.:

    quis non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?

    too stiff, hard, harsh, Cic. Brut. 18, 70:

    similis in statuariis differentia... jam minus rigida Calamis fecit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 7.— Sup.:

    Abdera fatua et stoliditatis rigidissimae,

    Arn. 5, 164.—Hence, adv.: rĭgĭdē.
    a.
    Inflexibly; in a straight line, Vitr. 2, 3, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.—
    b.
    Rigorously, severely, Ov. Tr. 2, 251.— Comp.:

    disciplinam militarem rigidius adstringere,

    Val. Max. 9, 7 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rigida

  • 28 rigidus

    rĭgĭdus, a, um, adj. [rigeo], stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose; cf. durus).
    I.
    Lit.:

    pruinae,

    Lucr. 2, 521; cf.:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    id. 1, 355:

    tellus,

    Verg. G. 2, 316:

    aqua,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 48:

    umbrae,

    Lucr. 5, 764:

    frigus,

    id. 1, 356:

    cervicem rectam oportet esse non rigidam aut supinam,

    Quint. 11, 3, 82; cf. id. 11, 3, 160; so,

    cervix,

    Liv. 35, 11; Suet. Tib. 68; Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 14:

    artus morte,

    Lucr. 6, 1196:

    crura,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101:

    rostrum,

    Ov. M. 5, 673:

    cornu,

    id. ib. 9, 85:

    setae,

    id. ib. 8, 428:

    capilli,

    id. ib. 10, 425:

    oculi (with extenti),

    Quint. 11, 3, 76 et saep.:

    quercus,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; cf.

    columnae,

    Ov. F. 3, 529:

    malus,

    id. H. 5, 53.—

    In mal. part.: illud,

    Petr. 134, 11; cf. Mart. 6, 49, 2.—

    Hence: custos ruris,

    i. e. Priapus, Ov. F. 1, 391; Auct. Priap. 46; and absol.: rĭgĭda, f., Cat. 56, 7:

    silices,

    hard, Ov. M. 9, 613; 225:

    saxum,

    id. ib. 4, 517:

    mons,

    hard, rocky, id. ib. 8, 797:

    Niphates,

    Hor. C. 2, 9, 20:

    ferrum,

    Ov. R. Am. 19:

    serae,

    id. F. 1, 124:

    ensis,

    Verg. A. 12, 304; Ov. M. 3, 118:

    hasta,

    Verg. A. 10, 346:

    unguis,

    Ov. Am. 2, 6, 4 et saep.—
    II.
    Trop., stiff, hard, inflexible, rigid; hardy, stern, rough (syn.:

    tristis, severus): vox,

    hard, harsh, Quint. 11, 3, 32:

    Sabini,

    rough, rude, unpolished, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 25; Ov. M. 14, 797:

    Getae,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 11; Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 46:

    fossor,

    hardy, Mart. 7, 71, 4; cf.

    manus,

    Ov. M. 14, 647:

    virtutis verae custos rigidusque satelles,

    stern, inflexible, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 17; so,

    censor,

    Ov. A. A. 2, 664:

    parens,

    id. M. 2, 813:

    senes,

    id. F. 4, 310:

    mens,

    id. H. 3, 96:

    vultus,

    id. ib. 4, 73:

    rigidi et tristes satellites,

    Tac. A. 16, 22:

    (Cato) rigidae innocentiae,

    Liv. 39, 40, 10; cf.

    of the younger Cato: rigidi servator honesti,

    Luc. 2, 389; so,

    mores,

    Ov. R. Am. 762:

    rigida duraque sententia Macri,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 19; Sen. Ep. 11, 10; 21, 3; 81, 4:

    Mars,

    rough, fierce, Ov. M. 8, 20:

    leo,

    Mart. 10, 65, 13.— Comp.:

    quis non intellegit Canachi signa rigidiora esse quam ut imitentur veritatem?

    too stiff, hard, harsh, Cic. Brut. 18, 70:

    similis in statuariis differentia... jam minus rigida Calamis fecit,

    Quint. 12, 10, 7.— Sup.:

    Abdera fatua et stoliditatis rigidissimae,

    Arn. 5, 164.—Hence, adv.: rĭgĭdē.
    a.
    Inflexibly; in a straight line, Vitr. 2, 3, 2; Sen. Ben. 2, 17, 4.—
    b.
    Rigorously, severely, Ov. Tr. 2, 251.— Comp.:

    disciplinam militarem rigidius adstringere,

    Val. Max. 9, 7 fin.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > rigidus

  • 29 vastus

    vastus, a, um, adj. [cf.: vanus, vacuus], empty, unoccupied, i.e. waste, desert.
    I.
    Lit. (so rare but class.;

    syn.: vacuus, desertus): genus agrorum propter pestilentiam vastum atque desertum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 26, 69:

    lex erat lata vasto ac relicto foro,

    id. Sest. 24, 53:

    agrum vastum ac desertum habere,

    Liv. 28, 11, 10:

    vasta ac deserta urbs,

    id. 24, 3, 11; 28, 7, 12: vasta incendiis ruinisque urbs, id. 5, 53, 1:

    mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu,

    uncultivated, Sall. J. 48, 3:

    urbs a defensoribus vasta,

    without, Liv. 23, 30, 7 (al. ex conj. vacua).—
    B.
    Trop. (the fig. taken from tracts of country lying waste or untilled), uncultivated, unpolished, rude, rough, harsh:

    vultu motuque corporis vasti atque agrestes,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 115:

    vastus homo atque foedus,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 117:

    vasti quidam et insubidi,

    Gell. 19, 9, 9:

    fugiemus crebras vocalium concursiones, quae vastam atque hiantem orationem reddunt, ut hoc est: baccae aeneae amoenissimae impendebant,

    Auct. Her. 4, 12, 18:

    omnia vasta ac temeraria esse,

    Liv. 24, 48, 7:

    littera vastior,

    too harsh-sounding, Cic. Or. 45, 153.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Desolate, deserted: abs te viduae et vastae virgines sunt, made lonely, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 52 (Trag. v. 279 Vahl.):

    dies per silentium vastus,

    Tac. A. 3, 4.—
    B.
    Wasted by destruction, laid waste, ravaged, devastated, destroyed (rare; cf.

    vastatus): fit vasta Troja,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 130:

    jam hanc urbem ferro vastam faciet Peleus, Att. ap. Fest. pp. 372 and 373: haec ego vasta dabo,

    Verg. A. 9, 323:

    nec solum modo vastum hosti relictum, sed castellis etiam vicisque illatus ignis,

    Liv. 10, 12, 8.—
    C.
    With the predom. idea of extent, vast, immense, enormous, huge, monstrous (syn.: ingens, immanis).
    1.
    Of size: jamque fere pulvis ad caelum vasta videtur, Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11 (Ann. v. 286 Vahl.):

    immani et vastae insidens beluae,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 40, 67:

    vasta et immanis belua,

    id. Div. 1, 24, 49; cf.:

    vastissimae beluae,

    id. Rep. 2, 26, 49: elephanto beluarum nulla prudentior;

    ad figuram quae vastior?

    id. N. D. 1, 35, 97:

    summa erat vasto atque aperto mari, difficultas navigandi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 12; cf.:

    in vastissimo atque apertissimo Oceano,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 7:

    fossa vastissima,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

    solitudines,

    id. ib. 2, 6, 19:

    campi,

    Verg. A. 3, 13:

    Charybdis,

    Lucr. 1, 722:

    antiquus crater, quem vastum vastior ipse Sustulit Aegides,

    Ov. M. 12, 236:

    antrum,

    Verg. A. 1, 52:

    hiatus speluncae,

    id. ib. 6, 237:

    suspectus turris,

    id. ib. 9, 530:

    manus,

    Ov. F. 2, 322:

    arma,

    Verg. A. 10, 768:

    corpus,

    Col. 7, 12, 3.—
    2.
    Transf., of degree, etc., immense, enormous, prodigious, vast, etc.:

    iter,

    i.e. on the vast ocean, Ov. M. 14, 438:

    certamen,

    Verg. A. 12, 553:

    impetus,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 30:

    pugnae Cannensis clades vastissima,

    Gell. 5, 17, 5:

    tempestas,

    Col. 2, 20, 5; cf.:

    vapores vastissimi,

    id. 2, 20, 1:

    clamor,

    Verg. A. 10, 716; Ov. M. 12, 494:

    murmur,

    Verg. A. 1, 245:

    latratus,

    Col. 7, 12, 3:

    tonitru,

    Val. Fl. 1, 617:

    pondus,

    Verg. A. 5, 447; Ov. H. 9, 88.—
    3.
    Trop.:

    vastus animus,

    i.e. insatiable, Sall. C. 5, 4.—Rarely with abstr. nouns:

    quam vasta potentia nostra est,

    Ov. M. 2, 520:

    varia vastaque scientia,

    Col. 1, pr. 28:

    nefas,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 767.— Adv.: vastē.
    1.
    (Acc. to vastus, I. B.) Rudely, harshly:

    loqui non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45:

    ne vastius diducantur verba,

    id. ib. 3, 43, 172.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B.) Widely, vastly, immensely, violently, enormously:

    vaste cedentia litora,

    Mel. 1, 1, 4:

    vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae,

    Ov. M. 11, 530:

    vastius podagra correpti,

    Scrib. Comp. 107.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vastus

  • 30 ab-surdus

        ab-surdus adj.    with comp. and sup., out of tune, discordant, harsh: vox.—Fig., incongruous, inconsistent, silly: ratio, T.: absurdissima mandata: bene dicere haud absurdum est, not without merit, S.: quid absurdius dici potest?—Worthless, stupid: ingenium haud absurdum, S.

    Latin-English dictionary > ab-surdus

  • 31 acerbē

        acerbē adv. with comp. and sup.    [acerbus], bitterly.—Only fig., act., harshly, severely, cruelly, sharply, inimically: diripere bona: cogi in senatum: acerbius in alqm invehi: acerbissime dicere, Cs. — Pass, painfully, grievously, with sorrow: acerbe ferebam, si, etc.: tuli acerbe me adduci, etc.: acerbius inopiam ferre, too severely, Cs.
    * * *
    acerbius, acerbissime ADV
    stridently, with harsh sound; cruelly, harshly; with pain/severity; premature

    Latin-English dictionary > acerbē

  • 32 amārus

        amārus adj.    with comp, bitter, pungent: salices, V.: calices amariores, Ct.: Doris, i. e. the brackish sea, V.—Fig., bitter, afflicting, sad: casūs, O.: amores dulces, V.— Plur n. as subst, bitternesses, bitter things: amara Temperat risu, H.: curarum, H. — Bitter, caustic, severe: dicta, O.— Relentless: hostis, V.—Morose, ill-natured: mulieres, T.: amariorem me senectus facit.
    * * *
    amara -um, amarior -or -us, amarissimus -a -um ADJ
    bitter, brackish, pungent; harsh, shrill; sad, calamitous; ill-natured, caustic

    Latin-English dictionary > amārus

  • 33 atrōx

        atrōx ōcis, adj. with comp. and sup.    [ater], savage, fierce, wild, cruel, harsh, severe: Tydides, H.: Iuno, V.: odium exercebat atrox, O.: animus Catonis, resolute, H.: odii Agrippina, in hatred, Ta.—Cruel, horrible, violent, raging, perilous: res tam atrox: lex: hora Caniculae, H.: facinus, L.: spectaculum, Ta.: pugna atrocior, L.: atrocissimum crimen.—Violent, bitter: genus orationis.
    * * *
    atrocis (gen.), atrocior -or -us, atrocissimus -a -um ADJ
    fierce, savage, bloody; heinous, cruel; severe; terrible, frightening, dreadful

    Latin-English dictionary > atrōx

  • 34 concursus

        concursus ūs, m    [concurro], a running together, concourse, throng, mob, tumult: hominum: concursūs facere: magni domum ad Afranium fiebant, Cs.: in forum a totā urbe, L.: ingens, V.: undique, H.: in oppido.—An assault, onset, attack, charge: exercitūs, Cs.: acerrimo concursu pugnare, N.: Ut nostris concursibus insonet aether, O.: concursūs philosophorum sustinere, assaults: caeli, thunder, O.—Fig., a dashing together, encountering, meeting, concourse, collision: nubila Excutiunt concursibus ignes, O.: fortuitus (atomorum): ut utraque (navis) ex concursu laborarent, Cs.: navium, L.: asper verborum, a harsh combination. — A combination, union, coincidence: studiorum: calamitatum.
    * * *
    running to and fro/together, collision, charge/attack; assembly/crowd; tumult; encounter; combination, coincidence; conjunction, juxtaposition; joint right

    Latin-English dictionary > concursus

  • 35 crassus

        crassus adj.    [CART-], solid, thick, fat, gross, stout: unguentum, H.: cruor, V.: ager: (homo), T.: toga, H.: filum, O.—Thick, dense, heavy: aër: caelum.—Fig., stolid, dense: Rusticus crassā Minervā, H.
    * * *
    I
    crassa -um, crassior -or -us, crassissimus -a -um ADJ
    thick/deep; thick coated (w/ABL); turbid/muddy (river); dense/concentrated/solid fat/stout; rude, coarse, rough, harsh, heavy, gross; stupid, crass/insensitive
    II
    Crassus, Roman cognomen; M. Licinius Crassus Dives, the triumvir

    Latin-English dictionary > crassus

  • 36 dēnsus

        dēnsus adj.    with comp. and sup, thick, close, compact, dense, crowded: silva: densiores silvae, Cs.: densissimae silvae, Cs.: densum umeris volgus, H.: litus, sandy, O.: caligo, V.: densissima nox, pitch-dark, O.: pingue, firm, V.: Austri, cloudy, V.—Poet., with abl, thickly set, covered, full: loca silvestribus saepibus densa: specus virgis ac vimine, O.: ficus pomis, O.: trames caligine opacā, O.—In space, thick, close, set close: densissima castra, Cs.: apes, V.: ministri, O.: densior suboles, V.: nec scuta densi Deponunt, when thronging, V.—In time, thick, frequent, continuous (poet.): ictūs, V.: tela, V.: plagae, H.: amores, V.
    * * *
    densa -um, densior -or -us, densissimus -a -um ADJ
    thick/dense/solid; (cloud/shadow); crowded/thick_planted/packed/covered (with); frequent, recurring; terse/concise (style); harsh/horse/thick (sound/voice)

    Latin-English dictionary > dēnsus

  • 37 gravis

        gravis e, adj. with comp. gravior, and sup. gravissimus    [2 GAR-], heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome, loaded, laden, burdened: gravi onere armorum oppressi, Cs.: corpus: Ipse gravis graviter Concidit, V.: bullae aureae: navigia, Cs.: agmen, L.: gravius dorso subiit onus, H.: robur aratri, V.: tellus, V.: naves spoliis graves, L.: aere dextra, V.: imbre nubes, L.—After the as was reduced in weight: aes grave, heavy money, money of the old standard (a full pound in each as), L. — With young, pregnant: sacerdos Marte, V.: uterus, O.—Of sound, deep, grave, low, bass: sonus, H.: gravissimus sonus: sonus auditur gravior, V.: fragor, O.—Of smell or flavor, strong, unpleasant, offensive: hircus in alis, rank, H.: ellebori, V.: odor caeni, V.: sentina, Iu.— Burdening, oppressive, serious, gross, indigestible, unwholesome, noxious, severe, sick: cibus: cantantibus umbra, V.: anni tempore gravissimo, season: autumnus in Apuliā, Cs.: virus, H.: tempus, weather, L.: graviore tempore anni acto, season, L.: morbo gravis, sick, V.: aetate et viribus gravior, L.: vino, O.: spiritus gemitu, difficult, V.: oculi, heavy, V.—Fig., hard to bear, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, troublesome, grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant: paupertas, T.: labores: gravissima hiemps, Cs.: volnus: numquam tibi senectutem gravem esse: Appia (via) tardis, H.: miserior graviorque fortuna, Cs.: Principum amicitiae, oppressive, H.: si tibi grave non erit, a trouble: in Caesarem contiones, hostile, Cs.: verbum gravius: ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret, Cs.: gravius est verberari quam necari, S.: edictum, L.: graviora (pericula), more serious, V.: quo inprovisus gravior accederet, more formidable, S.: adversarius imperi.—As subst n.: O passi graviora, greater hardships, V.—Of things, strong, weighty, important, grave, influential: inperium gravius, T.: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt: gravissima caerimonia, most solemn, Cs.: nihil sibi gravius esse faciendum, quam ut, etc.: exemplum, H.: gravissima civitas.—Of character, of weight, of authority, eminent, venerable, great: animus natu gravior, T.: auctoritate graviores: omnes gravioris aetatis, more settled, Cs.: homo, sober: gravis Entellum dictis castigat (i. e. graviter), V.
    * * *
    grave, gravior -or -us, gravissimus -a -um ADJ
    heavy; painful; important; serious; pregnant; grave, oppressive, burdensome

    Latin-English dictionary > gravis

  • 38 importūnus (inp-)

        importūnus (inp-) adj. with sup.    [1 PER-], unfit, unsuitable, inconvenient: tempus: vi regere patriam inportunum est, S.: machinationibus locus, S.—Troublesome, grievous, distressing: pauperies, H.: Caphareus, stormy, O.—Unmannerly, rude, harsh, churlish, cruel, savage: tyrannus: mulier: senex, T.: importunissimus hostis: dives et importunus, H.: eripiet curule Cui volet importunus ebur, H.: volucres, V.: Inportunus transvolat, etc., the ungovernable youth, H.—Cruel, worthless, unbridled: libidines: clades civitatis.

    Latin-English dictionary > importūnus (inp-)

  • 39 in-clēmēns

        in-clēmēns entis, adj.    with comp, unmerciful, rigorous, harsh, rough, severe: dictator, L.: non senatus inclementior fuit.

    Latin-English dictionary > in-clēmēns

  • 40 in-dīgnus

        in-dīgnus adj.    with comp. and sup, unworthy, undeserving, unfit: senator voluerat fieri, quamvis indignus: indignissimi candidati, L.: poëta, incompetent, H.: te omni honore indignissimum iudicat: magnorum avorum, V.: indigni erant qui impetrarent?: indignus quem mors tam saeva maneret, Iu.: ut a vobis redimeremur, L.: indigni fraternum rumpere foedus (i. e. quos non decet), H.—Not deserving, undeserving: calamitates hominum indignorum, undeservedly suffering: Cur eget indignus quisquam? H.: indignus iniuriā hac, T.: indigna laedi Crura, O.—Of things, unworthy, unbecoming, shameful, intolerable, severe, cruel, harsh: iniuria, T.: lictoribus indignum in modum mulcatis, L.: indignis modis acceptus, T.: indignissima mors: aliquid pro indignissimo habere, L.: hoc uno sol quicquam non vidit indignius: amor, not returned, V.: nulla vox populi R. maiestate indigna, Cs.: nihil facere fide suā indignum, N.: studiis labor, Iu.: digna atque indigna relatu Vociferans, V.: id auditu dicere indignum, L.: indignum est a pari vinci, indignius ab inferiore: Nec fuit indignum superis, bis, etc., i. e. deemed too severe, V.: indignum! shame! O.— Plur n. as subst: indigna pati, outrage, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > in-dīgnus

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