austerely

sĕvērus, a, um, adj. [perh. kindr. with serius], serious, grave, strict, austere, stern, severe in aspect, demeanor, conduct, etc. (of persons and things; serius regularly only of things; v. serius; class. and freq.).

Of persons:

nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

quam severus!

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21:

civis severus et gravis,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.:

omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 228:

Tubero (Stoicus) vitā severus,

id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

Stoicorum secta severissima,

Quint. 1, 10, 15:

agricolae,

hardended by toil, rugged, Lucr. 5, 1357:

Cures,

Verg. A. 8, 638:

Zethus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.:

rumores senum severiorum,

Cat. 5, 2.—Of those who live a sober and temperate life:

at vos hinc abite, lymphae, Vini pernicies et ad severos Migrate,

Cat. 27, 6:

adimam cantare severis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13:

legis custodes,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: neque severus esse (potest) in judicando, qui [p. 1687] alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so,

judices severi in eos solos,

id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.:

severissimos atque integerrimos judices,

id. Verr. 1, 10, 30:

ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā,

id. ib.:

ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram,

Hor. Epod. 11, 19:

auctor e severissimis,

Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274:

Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit,

id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for which, just before: austerior colore).—

In a bad sense, harsh, rough, crabbed, rigid, severe (rare):

Neptunus saevus severusque,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a passage bracketed by B. and K.):

in me severior quam in vos,

Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21:

Eumenidum turba,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.—

Of things, grave, serious, severe, austere, etc.:

severā fronte curas cogitans,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46:

vultus severior et tristior,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107:

frons,

Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, rough, sharp, tart (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9:

divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas,

Stat. Achill. 1, 288:

animus (opp. mitis),

Quint. 3, 9, 7:

disciplina maxime severa,

id. 1, 2, 5:

imperia severiora,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

judicia severa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133:

lex,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 57:

severiora judicia,

Quint. 4, 2, 122:

severiores leges,

id. 12, 1, 40; cf.:

Lycurgus severissimarum justissimarumque legum auctor,

Vell. 1, 6, 3:

imperii severissimi vir,

Liv. 4, 26:

quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51:

linque severa,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 28:

paulo severior poena,

Sall. C. 51, 15.—Of style:

sententiae graves et severae,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325:

triste et severum genus dicendi,

id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.:

severae Musa tragoediae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 9:

fidibus voces crevere severis,

id. A. P. 216.—

Severe, dreadful, gloomy:

severus Uncus abest,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 19:

silentia noctis,

Lucr. 4, 460:

heims,

Quint. Decl. 4, 14:

amnem Cocyti metuet,

Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat... Me. Hau! voluisti istuc severum facere? this horrible deed, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 (but in Lucr. 5, 35 the correct read. is pelage sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—Hence, adv., in three forms, severe (class.), severiter (anteand post-class.), and severum (post-class.).

sĕvērē, gravely, seriously, austerely, rigidly, severely, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19:

graviter et severe voluptatem secernit a bono,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

vetuit (with graviter),

Quint. 11, 3, 148:

uti judicio,

id. 1, 3, 4:

aestimatae lites,

Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51:

vindicare Hiempsalis mortem,

Sall. J. 15, 3:

dicere,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40:

domesticam disciplinam regere,

Suet. Caes. 48.— Comp.:

ad aliquem severius scribere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

adhibere aliquem,

Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3:

coërcere matrimonia,

Just. 3, 3, 8. — Sup.:

sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant,

Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so,

exacta aetas,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

dicere jus,

Suet. Caes. 43.—

sĕvērĭter, gravely, seriously, severely: sermonem cum aliquo conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.—

sĕvērum, harshly, austerely:

nunc severum vivitur,

Prud. Cath. 2, 33.

Sĕvērus, i, m. [1. severus], a proper name.

Of several men.

Cornelius Severus, a poet in the Augustan age, Quint. 10, 1, 89; Ov. P. 4, 2, 2 sqq.; 4, 16, 9.—

Septimius Severus, a Roman emperor, A.D. 193-211.—

Alexander Severus, a Roman emperor, A. D. 222-235, Eutr. 8, 10; Spart. Sev. 1 sqq.—

T. Cassius Severus, a Roman orator, in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, Quint. 10, 1, 116; Tac. Or. 19.—

Sulpicius Severus, a bishop in Gaul, author of a Historia Sacra, and of the Vita S. Martini, and several smaller works. —

Mons Severus, a mountain in the country of the Sabines, Verg. A. 7, 713.

sĕvērus, a, um, adj. [perh. kindr. with serius], serious, grave, strict, austere, stern, severe in aspect, demeanor, conduct, etc. (of persons and things; serius regularly only of things; v. serius; class. and freq.).

Of persons:

nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

quam severus!

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21:

civis severus et gravis,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.:

omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 228:

Tubero (Stoicus) vitā severus,

id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

Stoicorum secta severissima,

Quint. 1, 10, 15:

agricolae,

hardended by toil, rugged, Lucr. 5, 1357:

Cures,

Verg. A. 8, 638:

Zethus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.:

rumores senum severiorum,

Cat. 5, 2.—Of those who live a sober and temperate life:

at vos hinc abite, lymphae, Vini pernicies et ad severos Migrate,

Cat. 27, 6:

adimam cantare severis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13:

legis custodes,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: neque severus esse (potest) in judicando, qui [p. 1687] alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so,

judices severi in eos solos,

id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.:

severissimos atque integerrimos judices,

id. Verr. 1, 10, 30:

ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā,

id. ib.:

ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram,

Hor. Epod. 11, 19:

auctor e severissimis,

Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274:

Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit,

id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for which, just before: austerior colore).—

In a bad sense, harsh, rough, crabbed, rigid, severe (rare):

Neptunus saevus severusque,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a passage bracketed by B. and K.):

in me severior quam in vos,

Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21:

Eumenidum turba,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.—

Of things, grave, serious, severe, austere, etc.:

severā fronte curas cogitans,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46:

vultus severior et tristior,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107:

frons,

Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, rough, sharp, tart (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9:

divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas,

Stat. Achill. 1, 288:

animus (opp. mitis),

Quint. 3, 9, 7:

disciplina maxime severa,

id. 1, 2, 5:

imperia severiora,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

judicia severa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133:

lex,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 57:

severiora judicia,

Quint. 4, 2, 122:

severiores leges,

id. 12, 1, 40; cf.:

Lycurgus severissimarum justissimarumque legum auctor,

Vell. 1, 6, 3:

imperii severissimi vir,

Liv. 4, 26:

quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51:

linque severa,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 28:

paulo severior poena,

Sall. C. 51, 15.—Of style:

sententiae graves et severae,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325:

triste et severum genus dicendi,

id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.:

severae Musa tragoediae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 9:

fidibus voces crevere severis,

id. A. P. 216.—

Severe, dreadful, gloomy:

severus Uncus abest,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 19:

silentia noctis,

Lucr. 4, 460:

heims,

Quint. Decl. 4, 14:

amnem Cocyti metuet,

Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat... Me. Hau! voluisti istuc severum facere? this horrible deed, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 (but in Lucr. 5, 35 the correct read. is pelage sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—Hence, adv., in three forms, severe (class.), severiter (anteand post-class.), and severum (post-class.).

sĕvērē, gravely, seriously, austerely, rigidly, severely, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19:

graviter et severe voluptatem secernit a bono,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

vetuit (with graviter),

Quint. 11, 3, 148:

uti judicio,

id. 1, 3, 4:

aestimatae lites,

Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51:

vindicare Hiempsalis mortem,

Sall. J. 15, 3:

dicere,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40:

domesticam disciplinam regere,

Suet. Caes. 48.— Comp.:

ad aliquem severius scribere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

adhibere aliquem,

Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3:

coërcere matrimonia,

Just. 3, 3, 8. — Sup.:

sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant,

Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so,

exacta aetas,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

dicere jus,

Suet. Caes. 43.—

sĕvērĭter, gravely, seriously, severely: sermonem cum aliquo conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.—

sĕvērum, harshly, austerely:

nunc severum vivitur,

Prud. Cath. 2, 33.

Sĕvērus, i, m. [1. severus], a proper name.

Of several men.

Cornelius Severus, a poet in the Augustan age, Quint. 10, 1, 89; Ov. P. 4, 2, 2 sqq.; 4, 16, 9.—

Septimius Severus, a Roman emperor, A.D. 193-211.—

Alexander Severus, a Roman emperor, A. D. 222-235, Eutr. 8, 10; Spart. Sev. 1 sqq.—

T. Cassius Severus, a Roman orator, in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, Quint. 10, 1, 116; Tac. Or. 19.—

Sulpicius Severus, a bishop in Gaul, author of a Historia Sacra, and of the Vita S. Martini, and several smaller works. —

Mons Severus, a mountain in the country of the Sabines, Verg. A. 7, 713.

sĕvērus, a, um, adj. [perh. kindr. with serius], serious, grave, strict, austere, stern, severe in aspect, demeanor, conduct, etc. (of persons and things; serius regularly only of things; v. serius; class. and freq.).

Of persons:

nam te omnes saevom severumque commemorant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

quam severus!

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 21; id. Eun. 2, 1, 21:

civis severus et gravis,

Cic. Lael. 25, 95; cf.:

omnium gravissimus et severissimus, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 56, 228:

Tubero (Stoicus) vitā severus,

id. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

Stoicorum secta severissima,

Quint. 1, 10, 15:

agricolae,

hardended by toil, rugged, Lucr. 5, 1357:

Cures,

Verg. A. 8, 638:

Zethus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 42; cf. in comp.:

rumores senum severiorum,

Cat. 5, 2.—Of those who live a sober and temperate life:

at vos hinc abite, lymphae, Vini pernicies et ad severos Migrate,

Cat. 27, 6:

adimam cantare severis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 10; 1, 5, 13:

legis custodes,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18: neque severus esse (potest) in judicando, qui [p. 1687] alios in se severos esse judices non vult, id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38; so,

judices severi in eos solos,

id. Clu. 20, 56; cf.:

severissimos atque integerrimos judices,

id. Verr. 1, 10, 30:

ex familiā ad judicandum severissimā,

id. ib.:

ubi haec severus te palam laudaveram,

Hor. Epod. 11, 19:

auctor e severissimis,

Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 274:

Aristolaus e severissimis pictoribus fuit,

id. 35, 11, 40, § 137 (for which, just before: austerior colore).—

In a bad sense, harsh, rough, crabbed, rigid, severe (rare):

Neptunus saevus severusque,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 6:

idem acerbe severus in filium,

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112 dub. (a passage bracketed by B. and K.):

in me severior quam in vos,

Liv. 7, 40, 7; Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 21:

Eumenidum turba,

Prop. 4 (5), 11, 22; cf. II. B.—

Of things, grave, serious, severe, austere, etc.:

severā fronte curas cogitans,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 46:

vultus severior et tristior,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf. Hor. A. P 107:

frons,

Ov. Tr. 2, 241: Falernum, rough, sharp, tart (syn. austerum), Hor. C. 1, 27, 9:

divaeque (Palladis) severas Fronde ligare comas,

Stat. Achill. 1, 288:

animus (opp. mitis),

Quint. 3, 9, 7:

disciplina maxime severa,

id. 1, 2, 5:

imperia severiora,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:

judicia severa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 133:

lex,

Ov. P. 3, 3, 57:

severiora judicia,

Quint. 4, 2, 122:

severiores leges,

id. 12, 1, 40; cf.:

Lycurgus severissimarum justissimarumque legum auctor,

Vell. 1, 6, 3:

imperii severissimi vir,

Liv. 4, 26:

quod ego dixi per jocum, Id eventurum esse et severum et serium,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 51:

linque severa,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 28:

paulo severior poena,

Sall. C. 51, 15.—Of style:

sententiae graves et severae,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325:

triste et severum genus dicendi,

id. ib. 30, 113; so Quint. 2, 4, 6; 6, 3, 102; 9, 4, 63 sq.; 10, 1, 131 al.; cf.:

severae Musa tragoediae,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 9:

fidibus voces crevere severis,

id. A. P. 216.—

Severe, dreadful, gloomy:

severus Uncus abest,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 19:

silentia noctis,

Lucr. 4, 460:

heims,

Quint. Decl. 4, 14:

amnem Cocyti metuet,

Verg. G. 3, 37; cf. absol.: Si. Accurrite, Ne se interimat... Me. Hau! voluisti istuc severum facere? this horrible deed, Plaut. Cist. 3, 15 (but in Lucr. 5, 35 the correct read. is pelage sonora; v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—Hence, adv., in three forms, severe (class.), severiter (anteand post-class.), and severum (post-class.).

sĕvērē, gravely, seriously, austerely, rigidly, severely, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 19:

graviter et severe voluptatem secernit a bono,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 24:

vetuit (with graviter),

Quint. 11, 3, 148:

uti judicio,

id. 1, 3, 4:

aestimatae lites,

Cic. Mur. 20, 42; 25, 51:

vindicare Hiempsalis mortem,

Sall. J. 15, 3:

dicere,

Cic. Off. 1, 37, 134; Quint. 6, 3, 101; 8, 3, 40:

domesticam disciplinam regere,

Suet. Caes. 48.— Comp.:

ad aliquem severius scribere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

adhibere aliquem,

Cic. Att. 10, 12, 3:

coërcere matrimonia,

Just. 3, 3, 8. — Sup.:

sunt qui voluptatem severissime contemnant,

Cic. Off. 1, 21, 71; so,

exacta aetas,

id. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

dicere jus,

Suet. Caes. 43.—

sĕvērĭter, gravely, seriously, severely: sermonem cum aliquo conferre, Titin. ap. Non. 509, 33; and in Prisc. p. 1010 P.; Plaut., acc. to Prisc. 1. 1.; App. M. 2, p. 126, 33.—

sĕvērum, harshly, austerely:

nunc severum vivitur,

Prud. Cath. 2, 33.

Sĕvērus, i, m. [1. severus], a proper name.

Of several men.

Cornelius Severus, a poet in the Augustan age, Quint. 10, 1, 89; Ov. P. 4, 2, 2 sqq.; 4, 16, 9.—

Septimius Severus, a Roman emperor, A.D. 193-211.—

Alexander Severus, a Roman emperor, A. D. 222-235, Eutr. 8, 10; Spart. Sev. 1 sqq.—

T. Cassius Severus, a Roman orator, in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, Quint. 10, 1, 116; Tac. Or. 19.—

Sulpicius Severus, a bishop in Gaul, author of a Historia Sacra, and of the Vita S. Martini, and several smaller works. —

Mons Severus, a mountain in the country of the Sabines, Verg. A. 7, 713.

* * *

austērus, a, um, adj. (auster, Scrib. Comp. 188; sup. austerrimus, Messala, Corv. Progen. Aug. 5), = austêros.

A.. Lit, of taste, harsh, sour, tart (not before the Aug. per.;

syn.: acer, acerbus, tristis, severus, molestus): vinum nigrum,

Cels. 3, 24:

austerior gustus,

Col. 12, 12, 2:

herba austero sapore,

Plin. 25, 5, 20, § 45:

vinum austerissimum,

Scrib. Comp. 142.—

Transf.

Of smell, pungent:

balsami sucus: odore austerus,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 120.—

Of color, deep, dark:

sunt autem colores austeri aut floridi,

Plin. 35, 6, 12, § 30.— Comp.:

(pictor) austerior colore et in austeritate jucundior,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 134.—

Trop.

Severe, rigid, strict, stern, austere (opp. mol lis, facilis, lenis;

scarcely before Cic.): illo austero more ac modo,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. de Or. 3, 25, 98:

austerior et gravior esse potuisset,

id. Pis. 29, 71:

Nec gravis austeri poena cavenda viri,

Prop. 4, 13, 24:

homo austerus es,

Vulg. Luc. 19, 21; 19, 22.—Of discourse, severe, grave, serious:

ita sit noLis ornatus et suavis orator, ut suavitatem habeat austeram et solidam, non dulcem atque decoctam (the epithet borrowed from wine),

that he may have a severe and solid, not a luscious and effeminate sweetness, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103:

austera poëmata,

Hor. A. P. 342:

oratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 128 Spald.—Of style in statuary:

genus,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 66.—

As the opp. of kind, pleasant, severe, gloomy, sad, troublesome, hard, irksome (so first after the beginning of the Aug. per.):

labor,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 12:

Quaelibet austeras de me ferat urna tabellas,

Prop. 5, 11, 49:

aeger omnem austeram curationem recusans,

Plin. 24, 7, 28, § 43.— Adv.:

austērē, acc. to II., rigidly, austerely, severely: agit mecum austere et Stoice Cato, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— Comp.: cum aliquo austerius agere, * Vulg. 2 Macc. 14, 30.

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.

Lit.

Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:

et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

silex,

Verg. A. 6, 471:

ferrum,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:

cautes,

Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:

bipennes,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:

ligones,

id. Epod. 5, 30:

aratrum,

id. S. 1, 1, 28:

compes,

id. Epod. 4, 4:

pellis,

Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:

arva,

id. ib. 2, 341; cf.

cutis,

Ov. M. 8, 805:

alvus,

Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.

muria,

saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:

dumeta,

i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:

gallina,

tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:

fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,

Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:

ladanum durissimum tactu,

Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:

durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,

Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

Transf.

As affecting the sense of taste:

vinum, opp. suavis,

hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:

sapor Bacchi,

Verg. G. 4, 102:

acetum,

Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

As affecting the ear:

vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):

aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 62:

consonantes,

id. 11, 3, 35:

syllabae,

id. 12, 10, 30:

verba,

id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:

compositio,

id. 9, 4, 142.

Trop.

Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:

Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:

(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:

Attilius poëta durissimus,

id. Att. 14, 20, 3:

C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,

id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:

pictor durus in coloribus,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:

terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,

id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):

fortes et duri Spartiatae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:

Ligures, durum in armis genus,

Liv. 27, 48:

durum genus experiensque laborum,

hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:

unde homines nati, durum genus,

Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):

gens dura atque aspera cultu,

a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:

genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,

Lucr. 5, 926:

Dardanidae,

Verg. A. 3, 94:

Hannibal,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:

Iberia,

id. ib. 4, 14, 50:

vindemiator,

id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:

ilia messorum,

id. Epod. 3, 4:

juvenci,

Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:

quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,

Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:

quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,

id. Arch. 8:

neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,

id. Lael. 13 fin.;

ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,

Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:

satis pater durus fui,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:

Varius qui est habitus judex durior,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:

mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,

Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):

duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:

quid nos dura refugimus aetas?

id. ib. 1, 35, 34:

ōs durum,

shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:

cor,

Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:

opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,

servitus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.

lex,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:

condicio,

Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:

provincia,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.

partes,

id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:

dolor,

Lucr. 3, 460:

labor,

id. 5, 1272:

subvectiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

venatus,

Ov. M. 4, 307:

dura cultu et aspera plaga,

Liv. 45, 30 fin.:

durissimo tempore anni,

Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:

morbum acrem ac durum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.

valetudo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:

dolores,

Verg. A. 5, 5:

frigus,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:

fames,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:

pauperies,

id. C. 4, 9, 49:

causa,

Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:

nomen (opp. molle),

Cic. Off. 1, 12:

verbum,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

propositio,

Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.

ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:

siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:

ego dura tuli,

Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:

hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,

if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:

juga premunt duriter colla (boum),

Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:

durius,

Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —

(Acc. to II. A.-C.)

Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:

membra moventes Duriter,

Lucr. 5, 1401:

duriter,

Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:

dure,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

Hardily, rigorously, austerely:

vitam parce ac duriter agebat,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

Harshly, roughly, sternly:

quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,

Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:

duriter,

Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:

durius cadentibus rebus,

Suet. Tib. 14 fin.