obj

obtrectātĭo, ōnis, f. [obtrecto], an envious detracting, disparaging; detraction, disparagement (class.): obtrectatio est ea, quam intellegi zêlotupian volo, aegritudo ex eo, quod alter quoque potiatur eo, quod ipse concupiverit, Cic. Tusc. 4, 8, 18:

invidia atque obtrectatio,

id. Inv. 1, 11, 16; cf. id. Brut. 42, 156 Orell. N. cr.; Liv. 28, 40:

et malevolentia,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15:

et invidentia,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:

et livor,

Tac. H. 1, 1:

malevolentissimae,

Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 7; cf.: malevolorum obtrectationes et invidias prosternere, Vat. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 9, 1:

adversus gloriam,

Liv. 28, 40.—

With gen. obj.:

laudis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

gloriae alienae,

Liv. 2, 40.

ŏdĭum, ii, n. [odi] (syn.: simultas, inimicitia)

Lit., hatred, grudge, illwill, animosity, enmity, aversion:

odium (est) ira inveterata,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 21:

in odium alicujus irruere,

to become hated by him, to incur his hatred, Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

non publico modo sed privato etiam odio invisus atque infestus Romanis,

Liv. 36, 39, 15.—Odio alicui esse, as pass. of odi (cf. odi fin.):

quod viro esse odio videas, tute tibiodio habeas,

to be hateful, displeasing to, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 2:

odi odioque sum Romanis,

Liv. 35, 19, 5:

quid faceres, si quis docuisset te ut sic odio esses mihi?

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 6:

pervenire in odium Graeciae,

to incur, Nep. Lys. 1, 3:

omnibus odio venire,

to become hated, Plin. 28, 8, 27, § 106:

odium est mihi cum aliquo,

I am at enmity with him, Cic. Prov. Cons. 10, 24:

esse odio civitati,

to be hateful to, id. Fam. 12, 10, 3:

huic odio nemus est,

Ov. M. 2, 438:

tibi est odio mea fistula,

Verg. E. 8, 33:

quo sit in odio status rerum,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 1:

esse alicui in odio,

to be hated by, id. ib. 2, 21, 1:

magno odio in aliquem ferri,

to be greatly imbittered against, Nep. Att. 10, 4; Liv. 41, 23, 11:

alicujus subire,

to incur one's hatred, Cic. Att. 11, 17, 2:

gerere adversus aliquem,

to bear, Plin. 8, 18, 26, § 68:

quaerere,

Ov. M. 13, 756; Sall. J. 3, 3:

movere,

to excite, Ov. Am. 3, 11, 43:

saturare,

to sate, satisfy, Cic. Vatin. 3, 6:

magnum odium Pompeii suscepistis,

have brought upon yourselves, have incurred, id. Att. 6, 1, 25:

struere,

to cause, raise, excite, id. de Or. 2, 51, 208:

concitare,

id. Inv. 1, 53, 100:

exercere,

Ov. M. 9, 275; 5, 245:

placare,

to appease, Cic. Dom. 17, 44:

restinguere,

id. Rab. Post. 6, 13.—With obj. gen.:

magnum me cujuspiam rei odium cepit,

I have conceived a great aversion for, Cic. Phil. 2, 36, 91:

suscipere odium erga aliquem,

Nep. Dat. 10, 3:

odio habere (postclass.),

to hate, Vulg. Johan. 15, 25 et saep.:

odium jejunum,

on an empty stomach, Juv. 15, 51.—

Ofinanim. things:

odium raphanis cum vite maximum refugitque juxta satos,

aversion, antipathy, Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 187; 2, 103, 106, § 225:

quercus et olea tam pertinaci odio dissident,

id. 24, 1, 1, § 1.—

Transf.

In gen., the object of hatred; hence, an offence, annoyance, disgust, said of persons or things:

optume odio's,

you are an offence to me, I cannot bear you, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 23:

deorum odium atque hominum,

id. Rud. 2, 2, 13:

populi odium,

id. Mil. 3, 3, 48:

Antonius, insigne odium omnium hominum vel deorum,

Cic. Phil. 14, 3, 8:

omnium populorum,

Just. 11, 3, 10:

neque agri, neque urbis odium me umquam percipit,

disgust, Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2.—

As a quality, offensive conduct or language, importunity, insolence, vexatiousness:

cum horas tres fere dixisset, odio et strepitu senatus coactus est aliquando perorare,

by the disgust they expressed, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

tundendo atque odio denique effecit senex,

by his tiresome, incessant preaching, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 48:

cum tuo istoc odio,

with your hateful, perverse conduct, id. ib. 1, 2, 59; cf. Plaut. As. 2, 4, 40; 5, 2, 71:

odio qui posset vincere regem,

in insolence, Hor. S. 1, 7, 6.

ōdīum, ii, n., i. q. odeum, q. v.

ŏpīnor, ātus, 1, v. dep. [etym. dub.; perh. akin to Gr. ossesthai; root op-], to be of opinion, to suppose, imagine, conjecture, deem, believe, think, judge (freq. and class.; syn.: arbitror, reor, censeo, sentio, credo); constr. with acc., an obj.-clause, with de, or absol.:

aliquid,

Cic. Mur. 30, 62:

quoad opinatus sum, me in provinciam exiturum, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

de vobis hic ordo opinatur non secus ac, etc.,

think, id. Pis. 20, 45:

male de Caesare,

to have a bad opinion of, to think ill of, Suet. Aug. 51:

servus gravissime de se opinans,

id. ib. 67:

de rege durius,

Just. 12, 5, 8.—Parenthet.: opinor or ut opinor, as I think, as I believe, according to my opinion: Dem. Per mare [p. 1270] ut vectu's, nunc oculi terram mirantur tui. Char. Magis opinor, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 35:

Cepius, opinor, olim: non omnibus dormio,

Cic. Fam. 7, 24, 1:

sed, opinor, quiescamus,

id. Att. 9, 6, 2:

a primo, ut opinor, animantium ortu petitur origo summi boni,

id. Fin. 2, 10, 31:

opinor concedes, multo hoc esse gravius,

id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; so Hor. S. 1, 3, 53; id. Ep. 1, 16, 78.

Act. collat. form ŏpīno (anteclass.): ita sapere opino esse optimum, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 5 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.); so Pac. Caecil. and Plaut. ib.—

ŏpīnā-tus, a, um, in pass. signif. as P. a., supposed, imagined, fancied (class.):

bona, mala,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 11; 3, 11, 24: interdicta est mathematicorum callida impostura, et opinatae artis persuasio, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 15, 2, 1.—Post-class., celebrated, renowned, illustrious, famous:

certamen,

Amm. 21, 6, 3.— Sup.:

opinatissima insula,

Flor. 2, 7, 8 dub.:

civitas,

Vulg. Judith, 2, 13.

oppŏsĭtus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from oppono.

oppŏsĭtus, ūs, m. (in sing. used only in abl.) [oppono].

A placing or setting against, an opposing; with obj.-gen.:

laterum nostrorum oppositus et corporum pollicemur,

Cic. Marc. 10, 32; Sil. 10, 212. —With subj.-gen.:

lunae,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25. —

A placing or laying before, an interposition, intervention:

oppositu globi noctem afferente,

Plin. 2, 71, 73, § 181:

aedium,

Gell. 4, 5, 3.—

A citing or bringing forward against one:

oppositu horum vocabulorum commotus,

Gell. 14, 5, 4.

ostendo, di, sum, and tum (ostensus, Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 892 P.; Luc. 2, 192: ostentus, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45; Pac. and Varr. ap. Prisc. l. l.; Tac. H. 1, 78:

ostensurus,

Suet. Ner. 13; App. ap. Prisc. p. 892 P.:

ostenturus,

Cato, Or. 52, 2; v. also the apoc. form: ostende ostendam, ut permultis aliis exemplis ejus generis manifestum est, Paul. ex Fest. p. 201 Müll.; perh. used by Cato, v. Müll. ad loc., and cf. the letter E), v. a. [obs-tendo], to stretch out or spread before one; hence, to expose to view, to show, exhibit, display (syn.: monstro, exhibeo).

Lit.

In gen.

Ostendo manus, Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 17:

os suum populo Romano ostendere audet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1:

pectora,

Sil. 2, 669:

umeros,

Verg. A. 5, 376:

dentem,

Suet. Vesp. 5:

se,

to show one's self, appear, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 5:

aciem,

to display, Liv. 29, 7:

equites sese ostendunt,

show themselves, appear, Caes. B. C. 1, 63. —

Transf.:

vocem,

to make heard, Phaedr. 1, 13, 9.—

In partic., to lay open, expose ( poet.):

Aquiloni glaebas,

Verg. G. 2, 261:

lucos Phoebo,

Stat. Th. 6, 90:

ager qui soli ostentus erit,

Cato, R. R. 6, 2. —

Trop.

In gen., to show, disclose, exhibit, manifest: ille dies cum gloriā maximā sese nobis ostendat, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 880 P. (Ann. v. 384 Vahl.):

non ego illi extemplo ita meum ostendam sensum,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 21:

verum hoc facto sese ostendit,

he has exposed himself, id. As. 5, 2, 12:

sententiam,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 7:

potestatem,

id. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

spem, metum,

i. e. to promise, threaten, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75 et saep.—With two acc.:

aliquem nocentem,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 2; cf. Tit. ap. Gell. 2, 27, 5.—Mid., to show itself, appear:

nisi cum major spes ostenderetur,

Suet. Aug. 25.—

In partic.

To show, express, indicate by speech or signs; to give to understand, to declare, say, tell, make known, etc. (syn.: indico, declaro, significo).—With acc.:

illud ostendit,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 4.—With obj. - or rel.-clause:

ostendit se cum rege colloqui velle,

Nep. Con. 3, 2:

quid sui consilii sit, ostendit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 3.— Absol.:

ut ostendimus supra,

as we showed above, Nep. Ages. 1, 5:

sed aliter, atque ostenderam, facio,

Cic. Fam. 2, 3, 2:

signum est per quod ostenditur idonea perficiendi facultas esse quaesita,

Auct. Her. 2, 4, 6:

primum ostendendum est,

id. ib. 2, 16, 23.—

To hold up conspicuously, flourish (ironically):

sed quaedam mihi magnifica et praeclara ejus defensio ostenditur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1, § 1.—Hence, osten-tus, a, um, P. a.

Exposed (ante-class.):

ager soli ostentus,

Cato, R. R. 6, 2; so id. ib. 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 1; 1, 25.—

Subst.: ostentum, i, n.

Lit., a prodigy, wonder, that announces something about to happen, a portent (class.;

syn.: monstrum, portentum): praedictiones vero et praesensiones rerum futurarum quid aliud declarant, nisi hominibus ea, quae futura sunt, ostendi, monstrari, portendi, praedici? ex quo illa ostenta, monstra, portenta, prodigia dicuntur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 3, 7; cf. id. Div. 1, 42, 93; id. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 108; Suet. Caes. 32.—

Transf., a wondrous thing, prodigy: scis Appium ostenta facere, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 4:

ostenti prorsus genus,

Just. 10, 1, 6.

pĕrītĭa, ae, f. [peritus], experience, knowledge gained by experience, practical knowledge, skill (not in Cic. or Cæs.).

With gen. obj.:

locorum et militiae,

Sall. J. 46, 8:

legum,

Tac. A. 4, 58:

morum,

id. ib. 1, 69:

futurorum,

Suet. Tib. 67:

castra metandi,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 32: gratiae ac voluptatis [p. 1346] (conciliandae), Quint. 2, 15, 24:

artis pugnae,

Vulg. Judith, 5, 27; Gell. 15, 31, 1.—

With gen. subj.:

arte servi vel peritiā uti,

Dig. 7, 1, 27.—

Absol.:

peritiā et arte praestans,

Tac. H. 4, 30:

corona senum multa peritia,

Vulg. Ecclus. 25, 8.

per-pello, pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a., to strike or push violently.

Lit. (rare; perh. not in Cic., for in Cic. Cæl. 15, 36, the true reading is pepulerunt): nixurit, qui niti vult, et in conatu saepius aliquā re perpellitur, Nigid. ap. Non. 144, 21.—

Trop., to drive, urge, force, compel, constrain, prevail upon: perpulit, persuasit, impulit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 216 Müll. (esp. freq. since the Aug. per.; in Curt. always with ut): si animus hominem perpulit, actum est;

animo servibit, non sibi: sin ipse animum perpulit, dum vixit, victor victorum cluet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24:

ad deditionem,

Liv. 32, 14:

callidum senem callidis dolis compuli et perpuli, ut. etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 4:

numquam destitit Suadere, orare, usque adeo, donec perpulit,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 38:

Aulum spe pactionis perpulerat, ut, etc.,

Sall. J. 38, 2; Liv. 2, 61:

nec perpelli potuere ut, etc.,

id. 2, 53:

perpellit, ut legatos ad Scipionem mittat,

id. 29, 23; 32, 32:

aliquem perpellere ne, etc.,

Sall. C. 26, 4.—With obj.-clause (so perh. only in Tac.):

Mithridates Pharasmanem perpulit dolo et vi conatus suos juvare,

Tac. A. 6, 39 (33); 11, 29; 13, 54.—

To impress deeply, make an impression on, influence:

candor hujus te et proceritas, voltus oculique perpulerunt,

Cic. Cael. 15, 36.

pĕto, īvi and ĭi, ītum, 3 ( perf. petīt, Verg. A. 9, 9;

Ov F. 1, 109: petisti,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 11; Verg. A. 4, 100; 12, 359:

petistis,

Auct. Her. 4, 15, 22:

petissem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 55, 145; Ov. M. 5, 26; Liv. 30, 25, 2:

petisse,

Cic. Quint. 11, 37; id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Ov. [p. 1365] M. 9, 623; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 516 sq.), v. a. [Sanscr. root pat-, to fall upon, fly, find; Gr. pet- in piptô (pi-petô), to fall; cf. Lat. impetus and in petomai, to fly; cf. Lat. penna, acci-pit-er, etc.; the root of piptô, and therefore orig. to fall, fall upon; hence, to endeavor to reach or attain any thing].

To fall upon any thing.

Lit.

In a hostile sense, to rush at, attack, assault, assail; to let fly at, aim a blow at, thrust at, etc. (class.; cf.:

invado, aggredior): gladiatores et vitando caute, et petendo vehementer,

Cic. Or. 68, 228:

cujus latus mucro ille petebat,

id. Lig. 3, 9:

non latus aut ventrem, sed caput et collum petere,

to thrust at, id. Mur. 26, 52:

aliquem spiculo infeste,

Liv. 2, 20:

aliquem mālo,

to throw an apple at any one, Verg. E. 3, 64:

alicui ungue genas,

Ov. A. A. 2, 452:

aliquem saxis, id. de Nuce, 2: aprum jaculis,

Suet. Tib. 72:

aëra disco,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 13:

bello Penatìs,

Verg. A. 3, 603:

armis patriam,

Vell. 2, 68, 3.—

Without the notion of hostility: petere collum alicujus amplexu, to fall upon one's neck, to embrace one, M. Cael. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 124.—Esp. freq., to seek, to direct one's course to, to go or repair to, to make for, travel to a place:

grues loca calidiora petentes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

Cyzicum,

id. Fam. 14, 4, 3:

Dyrrhachium,

id. Planc. 41, 97:

naves,

to seek, take refuge in their ships, Nep. Milt. 5, 5:

caelum pennis,

to fly, Ov. F. 3, 457:

Graiis Phasi petite viris,

visited by the Greeks, id. P. 4, 10, 52:

Metellus Postumium ad bellum gerendum Africam petentem,... urbem egredi passus non est,

attempting to go, starting, Val. Max. 1, 1, 2.— Transf., of things, to proceed or go towards:

campum petit amnis,

Verg. G. 3, 522:

mons petit astra,

towers toward the stars, Ov. M. 1, 316: aliquem, to seek, go to a person:

reginam,

Verg. A. 1, 717:

ut te supplex peterem, et tua limina adirem,

id. ib. 6, 115: aliquid in locum or ad aliquem, to go to a place or person for something, to go in quest of, go to fetch:

visum est tanti in extremam Italiam petere Brundisium ostreas,

to go to Brundisium for oysters, Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 169:

myrrham ad Troglodytas,

id. 12, 15, 33, § 66:

harena ad Aethiopas usque petitur,

id. 36, 6, 9, § 51:

collis, in quem vimina petebantur,

id. 16, 10, 15, § 37:

quaeque trans maria petimus,

fetch, id. 19, 4, 19, §§ 58, 52.—

Trop.

To attack, assail one with any thing (class.):

aiiquem epistulā,

Cic. Att. 2, 2, 2:

aliquem fraude et insidiis,

Liv. 40, 55:

aliquem falsis criminibus,

Tac. A. 4, 31.—

To demand, seek, require (cf. posco).

In gen.:

ita petit asparagus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 23:

ex iis tantum, quantum res petet, hauriemus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 123:

aliquem in vincula,

Quint. 7, 1, 55:

aliquem ad supplicium,

id. 7, 6, 6: poenas ab aliquo, to seek satisfaction from or revenge one's self on any one. ut poenas ab optimo quoque peteret sui doloris, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 7:

ut merito ab eā poenas liberi sui petere debuerint,

Quint. 3, 11, 12.—

In partic.

To demand or claim at law, to bring an action to recover, to sue for any thing (syn.:

postulo): causam dicere Prius unde petitur... Quam ille qui petit,

Ter. Eun. prol. 11:

qui per se litem contestatur, sibi soli petit,

Cic. Rosc Com. 18, 53: aliquando cum servis Habiti furti egit;

nuper ab ipso Habito petere coepit,

id. Clu. 59, 163:

qui non calumniā litium alienos fundos, sed castris, exercitu, signis inferendis petebat,

id. Mil. 27, 74.—

To beg, beseech, ask, request, desire, entreat (syn.: rogo, flagito, obsecro); constr with ab and abl. of pers. (cf. infra); ante- and postclass., with acc. of pers.:

vos volo, vos peto atque obsecro,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 60; freq. with ut:

a te etiam atque etiam peto atque contendo, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 1, 5:

peto quaesoque, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 4, 2:

peto igitur a te, vel, si pateris, oro, ut,

id. ib. 9, 13, 3:

petere in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut,

id. Verr 2, 3, 82, § 189:

petere precibus per litteras ab aliquo, ut,

id. Sull. 19, 55:

pacem ab aliquo,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

opem ab aliquo,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

vitam nocenti,

Tac. A. 2, 31:

petito, ut intrare urbem liceret,

Just. 43, 5, 6.—Also, with id or illud, and ut, etc.: illud autem te peto, ut, etc., Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2.—With obj.-clause (mostly poet.):

arma umeris arcumque animosa petebat Ferre,

Stat. Achill. 1, 352; cf.: cum peteret (solum) donari quasi proprio suo deo, Suet. Aug. 5: petit aes sibi dari eis artous, Gell. 9, 2, 1.—De aliquo (for ab aliquo), to beg or request of one (post-class.):

si de me petisses, ut, etc.,

Dig. 13, 6, 5.—Ab aliquo aliquid alicui, to beg a thing of one person for another (class.):

M. Curtio tribunatum a Caesare petivi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 15, 3: ab aliquo pro aliquo petere, to intercede for:

in eorum studiis, qui a te pro Ligario petunt,

Cic. Lig. 10, 31.—With ex and abl. pers. (v. infra d.):

eum petit litteris, ut ad Britanniam proficisceretur,

Capitol. Pertin. 3, 5; Eutr. 2, 24.—Hence, pĕtītum, i, n., a prayer, desire, request, entreaty, Cat. 68, 39.—

Polit. t. t., to apply or solicit for an office, to be a candidate for office (different from ambire, to go about among the people to collect their votes, to canvass, which took place after the petitio):

nemo est ex iis, qui nunc petunt, qui, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2:

consulatum,

id. Phil. 2, 30, 76:

praeturam,

id. Verr. 1, 8, 23; Liv. 1, 35.—

To solicit a person, to seek to possess, to woo:

libidine sic accensa (Sempronia) ut viros saepius peteret quam peteretur,

Sall. C. 25, 3:

cum te tam multi peterent, tu me una petisti,

Prop. 3, 13, 27:

formosam quisque petit,

id. 3, 32, 4:

multi illam petiere,

Ov. M. 1, 478; cf.: quae tuus Vir petet, cave, ne neges;

Ne petitum aliunde eat,

Cat. 61, 151.—

To endeavor to obtain or pursue, to seek, strive after any thing, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 40:

fugā salutem petere,

Nep. Hann. 11, 4:

praedam pedibus,

Ov. M. 1, 534:

gloriam,

Sall. C. 54, 5:

eloquentiae principatum,

Cic. Or. 17, 56:

sanguinis profusio vel fortuita vel petita,

intentional, designed, produced by artificial means, Cels. 2, 8.—With inf.:

bene vivere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 29:

victricemque petunt dextrae conjungere dextram,

Ov. M. 8, 421; 14, 571:

conubiis natam sociare Latinis,

Verg. A. 7, 96:

aliquem transfigere ferro,

Mart. 5, 51, 3.—With ex and abl., over, in the case of:

ex hostibus victoriam petere,

Liv. 8, 33, 13:

supplicium ex se, non victoriam peti,

id. 28, 19, 11:

imperium ex victis hostibus populum Romanum petere,

id. 30, 16, 7.—

To fetch any thing:

qui argentum petit,

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 53:

cibum e flammā,

Ter. Eun, 3, 2, 38:

altius initium rei demonstrandae,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 10:

aliquid a Graecis,

id. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

a litteris exiguam doloris oblivionem,

to obtain, id. Fam. 5, 15, 4:

suspirium alte,

to fetch a deep sigh, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 57; cf.:

latere petitus imo spiritus,

Hor. Epod. 11, 10; and:

gemitus alto de corde petiti,

Ov. M. 2, 622:

haec ex veteri memoriā petita,

Tac. H. 3, 5, 1.—

To take, betake one's self to any thing:

iter a Vibone Brundisium terrā petere contendi,

Cic. Planc. 40, 96:

diversas vias,

Val. Fl. 1, 91:

alium cursum,

to take another route, Cic. Att. 3, 8, 2:

aliam in partem petebant fugam,

betook themselves to flight, fled, Caes. B. G. 2, 24.—

To refer to, relate to ( poet.):

Trojanos haec monstra petunt,

Verg. A. 9, 128.

praebĕo, ŭi, ĭtum (old inf. praeberier, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; id. Am. 4, 2, 7), 2, v. a. [contr. from praehibeo, q. v. from prae-habeo], to hold forth, reach out, proffer, offer (class., esp. in the trop. signif.; syn.: ministro, suppedito, suggero).

Lit.:

canis parvulo praebens ubera,

Just. 1, 4:

cibum de manu,

Col. 9, 1, 6: collum cultris, Juv [p. 1411] 10, 269:

praebenda gladio cervix,

id. 10, 345:

jugulum,

Sen. Agam. 973:

cervicem,

Petr. 97:

os ad contumeliam,

Liv. 4, 35:

verberibus manus,

Ov. A. A. 1, 16:

aures,

to give ear, listen, attend, Liv. 38, 52; Vulg.Sap. 6, 3: aurem, id. Job, 6, 28.—

Transf., in gen., to give, grant, furnish, supply:

aurum, vestem, purpuram Bene praebeo, nec quicquam eges,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 11:

panem,

Nep. Them. 10, 3:

sumptum,

Just. 31, 4, 1:

spectaculum,

Sall. J. 14, 23:

sponsalia,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 1: vicem, to supply the place of:

vicem postium,

to supply the place of posts, serve as posts, Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

eundem usum,

id. 28, 11, 49, § 179.—

Trop., to give, grant, furnish, render, cause, make, occasion; to show, exhibit, represent; and with se, to show, approve, behave one's self in a certain manner:

operam reipublicae,

Liv. 5, 4:

materiam seditionis,

id. 3, 46:

honorem alicui,

Plin. 15, 4, 5, § 19 (al. perhibuit):

fidem alicui in periculis,

Nep. Att. 4, 4.—Esp. with se and acc. of adj.:

se talem alicui, qualem, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 11:

in re misericordem et in testimonio religiosum se praebuit,

id. Caecin. 10, 26:

Pompeius se auctorem meae salutis praebuit,

id. Sest. 50, 107:

in eo vehementer se moderatum praebere,

id. Off. 2, 21, 73:

se in malis hominem praebuit,

id. Fam. 15, 17, 3:

se dignum suis majoribus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 3:

in eos, qui ea perficere voluerunt, me severum vehementemque praebeo,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12:

me similem in utroque praebui,

towards both, id. Sull. 8, 16.—With nom. of adj. (very rare):

ut vobis videtur, praebebit se periculis fortis,

Sen. Ep. 85, 26.—With abl.:

pari se virtute praebuit,

Nep. Dat. 2, 1:

in eo magistratu pari diligentiā se Hannibal praebuit,

id. Hann. 7, 5.—So, also, without se:

Phormio in hac re ut aliis strenuum hominem praebuit,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 12; so, too, in neutr. signif. of a woman, to surrender herself to her lover:

odi quae praebet, quia sit praebere necesse,

Ov. A. A. 2, 685:

praebere se legibus,

i. e. to resign one's self to, submit to, Sen. Ep. 70, 9:

praebere causam tollendi indutias,

to give, Liv. 30, 4:

suspicionem insidiarum,

Nep. Dat. 10, 3:

spem impunitatis aut locum peccandi,

Col. 11, 1:

gaudium et metum,

Liv. 25, 27:

tumultum,

id. 28, 1:

opinionem timoris,

Caes. B. G. 3, 17:

sonitum,

Liv. 7, 36:

caput argutae historiae,

matter for an entertaining story, Prop. 3 (4), 20, 28:

ludos,

to furnish sport, Ter. Eun. 5, 6, 9.—With an obj.-clause, to permit, allow, let a thing be done ( poet.):

quae toties rapta est, praebuit ipsa rapi,

suffered herself to be carried off, Ov. H. 5, 132.—Hence, praebĭta, ōrum, n., what is furnished for support, allowance (postAug.):

annua,

Col. 1, 8, 17:

praebitis annuis privavit,

Suet. Tib. 50.

prae-for, fātus, 1 (old imper. praefato, Cato, R. R. 134. 1:

praefamino,

id. ib. 141, 2; cf. Müll. ad Fest. p. 87, 10), v. dep. n. and a.

In gen., to say or utter beforehand, to premise, preface:

in parte operis mei licet mihi praefari, quod, etc.,

Liv. 21, 1, 1; Col. 10, praef. 5; 12, 50, 7; Cels. 3, 1: praefatus, de summā se republicā acturum, having first announced by edict that, etc., Suet. Caes. 28:

quae de deorum naturā praefati sumus, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 10 fin.:

cum praefatus fuero, quae, etc.,

Col. 1 prooem. fin.; Gell. 9, 15, 4:

sibi Asiam sufficere praefatus,

Just. 11, 5, 5:

arcana se et silenda afferre praefatus,

Curt. 6, 7, 3:

is cum praefatus esset, scire, etc.,

id. 7, 4, 9; Liv. 43, 7, 7.—

Esp.

In a relig. sense, to utter a preliminary prayer, to address in prayer beforehand:

majores nostri omnibus rebus agendis Quod bonum, faustum, felix fortunatumque esset, praefabantur,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 102:

pontifice maximo praefante carmen,

Liv. 5, 41, 3: decemviri carminibus (abl.) praefarentur, should say beforehand ( = praeirent), id. 22, 1, 16 (v. Weissenb. ad h. l.): priusquam hasce fruges condantur... ture, vino Jano, Jovi, Junoni praefato, offering wine and incense, say a prayer to Janus, etc., Cato, R. R. 134, 1.—With the obj.-acc. of the deity:

Janum Jovemque vino praefamino,

id. ib. 141, 2:

divos,

Verg. A. 11, 301.—

Si dicimus, Ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur:

sin de Aureliā aliquid aut Lolliā, honos praefandus est,

we do not preface it by saying, with permission, with respect be it spoken, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4:

veniam,

to ask leave before speaking, App. M. 1 init.; id. Flor. init. —

To name or cite beforehand: Aristoteles, quem in iis magnā secuturus ex parte praefandum reor, to mention or name as an authority in advance, Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 43.—

To foretell, predict, prophesy (very rare), Cat. 64, 383.—Hence,

praefātus, a, um, in pass. signif., mentioned or stated before (post-class.):

condemnatus ex praefatis causis,

Dig. 20, 4, 12:

jura,

ib. 10, 3, 19: sic etiam nostro praefatus habebere libro, named at the beginning, Aus. praef. 2 fin.:

sine honoribus praefatis appellare aliquid,

without saying, By your leave, Arn. 5, 176:

vir praefatā reverentiā nominandus,

Vop. Aur. 1.—Hence, subst.: praefātum, i, n., for praefatio, a preface:

praefato opus est,

Symm. Ep. 6, 3.—

praefandus, a, um, P. a., for which must be asked permission or indulgence; that requires apology:

praefandi umoris e corpore effluvium,

Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 171.—Hence, subst.: praefanda, ōrum, n., foul expressions:

in praefanda videmur incidere,

Quint. 8, 3, 45.

prae-for, fātus, 1 (old imper. praefato, Cato, R. R. 134. 1:

praefamino,

id. ib. 141, 2; cf. Müll. ad Fest. p. 87, 10), v. dep. n. and a.

In gen., to say or utter beforehand, to premise, preface:

in parte operis mei licet mihi praefari, quod, etc.,

Liv. 21, 1, 1; Col. 10, praef. 5; 12, 50, 7; Cels. 3, 1: praefatus, de summā se republicā acturum, having first announced by edict that, etc., Suet. Caes. 28:

quae de deorum naturā praefati sumus, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 10 fin.:

cum praefatus fuero, quae, etc.,

Col. 1 prooem. fin.; Gell. 9, 15, 4:

sibi Asiam sufficere praefatus,

Just. 11, 5, 5:

arcana se et silenda afferre praefatus,

Curt. 6, 7, 3:

is cum praefatus esset, scire, etc.,

id. 7, 4, 9; Liv. 43, 7, 7.—

Esp.

In a relig. sense, to utter a preliminary prayer, to address in prayer beforehand:

majores nostri omnibus rebus agendis Quod bonum, faustum, felix fortunatumque esset, praefabantur,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 102:

pontifice maximo praefante carmen,

Liv. 5, 41, 3: decemviri carminibus (abl.) praefarentur, should say beforehand ( = praeirent), id. 22, 1, 16 (v. Weissenb. ad h. l.): priusquam hasce fruges condantur... ture, vino Jano, Jovi, Junoni praefato, offering wine and incense, say a prayer to Janus, etc., Cato, R. R. 134, 1.—With the obj.-acc. of the deity:

Janum Jovemque vino praefamino,

id. ib. 141, 2:

divos,

Verg. A. 11, 301.—

Si dicimus, Ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur:

sin de Aureliā aliquid aut Lolliā, honos praefandus est,

we do not preface it by saying, with permission, with respect be it spoken, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4:

veniam,

to ask leave before speaking, App. M. 1 init.; id. Flor. init. —

To name or cite beforehand: Aristoteles, quem in iis magnā secuturus ex parte praefandum reor, to mention or name as an authority in advance, Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 43.—

To foretell, predict, prophesy (very rare), Cat. 64, 383.—Hence,

praefātus, a, um, in pass. signif., mentioned or stated before (post-class.):

condemnatus ex praefatis causis,

Dig. 20, 4, 12:

jura,

ib. 10, 3, 19: sic etiam nostro praefatus habebere libro, named at the beginning, Aus. praef. 2 fin.:

sine honoribus praefatis appellare aliquid,

without saying, By your leave, Arn. 5, 176:

vir praefatā reverentiā nominandus,

Vop. Aur. 1.—Hence, subst.: praefātum, i, n., for praefatio, a preface:

praefato opus est,

Symm. Ep. 6, 3.—

praefandus, a, um, P. a., for which must be asked permission or indulgence; that requires apology:

praefandi umoris e corpore effluvium,

Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 171.—Hence, subst.: praefanda, ōrum, n., foul expressions:

in praefanda videmur incidere,

Quint. 8, 3, 45.

prae-mĕtŭo, 3, v. n. and a.

Neutr., to fear or be in fear beforehand (very rare):

mens,

Lucr. 3, 1019: Caesar praemetuens suis, fearing for, anxious about his men, * Caes. B. G. 7, 49, 1.—

Act., to fear something beforehand: poenas Danaum et deserti conjugis iras, * Verg. A. 2, 573: dum praemetuit cultus inolescere Christi, Prud. ap. Symm. 2, 681.—Hence, praemĕtŭ-ens, entis, P. a., fearing beforehand; with gen. obj.:

ovis praemetuens doli,

Phaedr. 1, 16, 4.—

* Adv.: praemĕtŭenter, anxiously, solicitously:

errorem vitare,

Lucr. 4, 823.

prae-occŭpo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. (class., but not in Cic., since praecepit is the true read., Cic. Phil. 10, 1, 2).

To seize upon, to take possession of or occupy beforehand, to preoccupy.

Lit.:

hic ne intrare posset saltum, Datames praeoccupare studuit,

Nep. Dat. 7, 2:

Macedoniam,

id. Eum. 2, 4:

loca opportuna,

Liv. 44, 3; 35, 28; 42, 47:

iter,

Caes. B. C. 3, 13:

Asiam,

Vell. 2, 69, 2; cf.:

praeoccupatum sese legatione ab Cn. Pompeio,

Caes. B. C. 2, 17.—

To take, catch, detect, seize in an act:

si praeoccupatus fuerit homo in delicto,

Vulg. Gal. 6, 1.—

Trop.:

animos timor praeoccupaverat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 41, 3:

hilaritas praeoccupaverat mentes,

Petr. 113:

praeoccupati beneficio animi,

i. e. won over beforehand, Liv. 6, 20, 10:

aures,

id. 38, 10.—

To anticipate, prevent:

ne alter alterum praeoccuparet,

Nep. Dion, 4, 1.—With obj.clause (like the simpler occupare):

legem de multarum aestimatione ipsi praeoccupaverunt ferre,

hastened to bring the bill sooner before the people, Liv. 4, 30, 3.

pressus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from premo.

pressus, ūs, m. [premo], a pressing, pressure (class.).

With gen. subj.:

animus intentione suā depellit pressum omnem ponderum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—

With gen. obj.: hic pressu duplici palmarum continet anguem, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 109: ipso oris pressu, i. e. a proper pressure of the lips, so as not to pronounce too broadly, id. de Or. 3, 11, 43.

prŏfĭtĕor, fessus, v (old form of the inf. PROFITEREI, and of the imper. PROFITEMINO, several times in the Tab. Her, in Haubold, Mon. Leg. p. 99 sq.), v. dep. a. [pro-fateor], to declare publicly, to own freely, to acknowledge, avow, confess openly, profess (class.).

In gen.

Absol.:

neque vis tuā voluntate ipse profiteri,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 80:

ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri, sed etiam profiteri videatur,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24:

fateor atque etiam profiteor et prae me fero,

id. Rab. Perd. 5, 17.—

With acc.:

profiteri et in medium proferre aliquid,

Cic. Fin. 2, 23, 76:

cur ea non profitenda putabas?

Ov. H. 21, 129.—

With obj. clause:

profitentur Carnutes, se nullum periculum recusare,

Caes. B. G. 7, 2; Cic. N D. 1, 5, 12.—

With de:

de parricidio professum,

Suet. Calig. 12:

de semet professo,

id. Dom. 8.—

In partic.

Profiteri se aliquem, to declare one's self or profess to be something:

profiteri se grammaticum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12; Poët. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 26, 42;

profiteri se patrem infantis,

Suet. Calig. 25:

se legatum,

id. Galb. 10:

se candidatum consulatūs,

id. Aug. 4:

professus amicum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 2.—With esse:

triduo me jure consultum esse profitebor,

Cic. Mur. 13, 28:

me omnium provinciarum defensorem esse profitebor,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 93, § 217.—

Profiteri aliquid, to profess an art, science, etc.:

profiteri philosophiam,

to declare one's self a philosopher, Cic. Pis. 29, 71; medicinam, to profess medicine, to practise as a physician, Cels. praef.; Suet. Caes. 42;

jus,

Ov. A. A. 3, 531.—In pass.:

rem non professam apud nos tenemus,

Quint. Decl. 341. — Absol.: profiteri, to be a teacher or professor (post-Aug.):

cum omnes qui profitentur, audiero,

Plin. Ep 2, 18, 3:

translatus est in Siciliam, ubi nunc profitetur,

id. ib. 4, 11, 14.—

Profiteri indicium, to give evidence, make a deposition against accomplices:

multis hortantibus indicium profitetur,

Sall. J. 35, 6; Hirt. B. Afr 55, Curt. 8, 6, 23; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 9:

summum supplicium decernebatur, ni professus indicium foret,

Tac. A. 6, 3.—

To offer freely, propose voluntarily, to promise: quis profitetur? who volunteers? Plaut Capt. 3, 1, 20:

se ad eam rem adjutorem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 38:

ego vero tibi profiteor atque polliceor eximium et singulare meum studium in omni genere officii,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

si vos in eam rem operam vestram profitemini,

id. Rosc. Am. 53, 153:

Varro profitetur se alterā die ad colloquium venturum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

sumunt gentiles arma professa manus,

arms that promise a combat, Ov. F. 2, 198: magna, Hor A. P. 14; Ov. F. 5, 351:

grandia,

Hor. A. P. 27.—

To disclose, show, display, make a show of; dolorem, Just. 8, 5, 11:

sola Jovem Semele vidit Jovis ora professum,

Nemes. Ecl. 3, 22:

vitate viros cultum formamque professos,

Ov. A A. 3, 433.—

To make a public statement or return of any thing (as of one's name, property, business, etc.):

censum (one's estate),

Ulp. Fragm. 1, 8;

Tab. Her. in Haubold, Mon. Leg. p. 99 sq. (q. v.): ut aratores jugera sationum suarum profiterentur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 15, § 38:

apud decemviros, quantum habeat praedae,

id. Agr. 2, 22, 59:

greges ovium ad publicanum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1:

frumentum, Liv 4, 12: furtum,

Quint. Decl. 341:

rem alienam,

id. ib. 341:

rem apud publicanum,

id. ib. 359; Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 12.— Absol.:

ne decipiat (publicanus) profiteri volentes,

Dig. 39, 4, 19, § 6; Vulg. Luc. 2, 3 and 5:

nomen,

to give in one's name, announce one's self, Liv. 26, 18; also without nomen:

Catilina prohibitus erat petere consulatum, quod intra legitimos dies profiteri nequiverit,

Sall. C. 18, 3:

nam et quaesturam petentes, quos indignos judicavit, profiteri vetuit,

Vell. 2, 92, 3: professae (sc. feminae), i. e. common prostitutes, who had to give in their names to the aedile, Ov. F. 4, 866.— Trop.:

in his nomen suum profitetur,

among these he reckons himself, Ter. Eun. prol. 3.—Hence, prŏ-fessus, a, um, P. a., in passive signif., known, manifest, confessed ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

culpa professa,

Ov. Am. 3, 14, 6:

dux,

Just. 8, 4, 4.—Ex or de professo, openly, avowedly, intentionally, professedly:

non ex professo eam (potentiam) non petere,

Sen. Ep. 14, 8:

vir ex professo mollis, Macr S. 2, 9.—De professo (postclass.): ac ne id quidem de professo audet,

openly, App. Mag. p. 274, 11.

prō-scrībo, psi, ptum, 3, v. a., to write before or in front of, to write over or upon, to inscribe.

In gen. (post-Aug.):

vultus voluntariā poenarum lege proscripti,

written over, inscribed, Petr. 107.—

In partic.

To publish any thing by writing (freq. and class.):

ut quo die esse oporteret idus Januarias, eo die Calendas Martias proscriberet,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129:

quam (legem) non is promulgavit, quo nomine proscriptam videtis,

id. ib. 2, 5, 69, §

177: non proscriptā neque edictā die,

id. ib. 1, 54, 141:

venationem,

id. Att. 16, 4, 1:

leges,

Tac. A. 13, 51:

versiculos per vias,

Gell. 15, 4, 3.—

With obj.-clause:

senatum Calendis velle se frequentem adesse, etiam Formiis proscribi jussit,

Cic. Att. 9, 17, 1:

proscribit se auctionem esse facturum,

id. Quint. 4, 15; cf. Suet. Caes. 49.—

To offer in writing any thing for sale, lease, or hire, or as to be sold by auction, to post up, advertise:

proscribere palam sic accipimus, claris litteris, ut, etc.,

Dig. 14, 3, 11:

Racilius tabulam proscripsit, se familiam Catonianam venditurum,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5:

Claudius proscripsit insulam, vendidit,

id. Off. 3, 16, 65.—

To publish a person as having forfeited his property, to punish with confiscation, to confiscate one's property (cf. publico):

quaero enim, quid sit aliud proscribere. Velitis, jubeatis, ut M. Tullius in civitate ne sit, bonaque ejus ut mea sint,

Cic. Dom. 17, 43:

Pompeium,

to confiscate the estates gained by him, id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

vicinos,

to confiscate the lands of one's neighbors, id. ib. 3, 4, 14:

possessiones,

id. ib.:

bona,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 5.—

To proscribe, outlaw one, by hanging up a tablet with his name and sentence of outlawry, confiscation of goods, etc.:

posteaquam victoria constituta est, cum proscriberentur homines, qui adversarii fuisse putabantur,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

victoriā Sullae parentes,

Sall. C. 37, 9:

modus proscribendi,

Suet. Aug. 27.—Hence, P. a., as subst.: prōscriptus, i, an outlaw, one proscribed:

contra legem Corneliam, quae proscriptum juvari vetat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 123:

proscriptorum liberos honores petere puduit,

Plin. 7, 30, 31, § 117:

in proscriptorum numero esse,

Sall. C. 51, 33:

bona proscriptorum,

id. H. 1, 31 Dietsch.—

Trop.:

cujus pudoris dignitas in concione proscripta sit,

has been brought into ill repute, rendered suspected, Petr. 106.

quĕror, questus, 3, v. dep. a. and n. [Sanscr. root, çvas-, to sigh].

Lit.

In gen., to complain, lament, bewail (class.).

With acc.: suas fortunas, to bewail one ' s fate, Plaut. As. 3, 1, 12:

suum fatum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 4:

injuriam,

Cic. Att. 5, 8, 2:

omnia,

id. Fl. 24:

fortunam,

Ov. M. 15, 493:

nova monstra,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 6 al.:

labem atque ignominiam rei publicae,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33.—

With de:

queritur de Milone per vim expulso,

Cic. Att. 9, 14, 2:

de injuriis alicujus,

id. Fam. 1, 4, 3.—

With cum:

quererer tecum, atque expostularem, ni,

I would complain to you, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 7:

cum patribus conscriptis,

Liv. 35, 8:

cum deo, quod,

Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81; Vell. 2, 130, 3:

tecum inconsideratae pietatis queror,

Sen. Contr. 4, 27, 2.—

With apud:

apud novercam,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 80:

apud aliquem per litteras,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 13.—

With dat.:

nec quereris patri?

nor complain to your father? Juv. 2, 131.—

With obj.-clause:

ne querantur se relictas esse,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 5, 14.—

With quod:

legatos miserunt Athenas questum, quod, etc.,

Nep. Chabr. 3, 1:

queri libet, quod in secreta nostra non inquirant principes,

Plin. Pan. 68, 8; cf.:

quereris super hoc, quod non mittam carmina,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 24. —

With pro:

haec pro re publicā,

in behalf of, in the name of the State, Cic. de Or. 2, 48, 198.—

Absol.:

nisi omni tempore, quod mihi lege concessum est, abusus ero, querere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 25:

non injuste,

Vell. 2, 40, 6.—

In partic., to make a complaint before a court:

de proconsulatu alicujus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2.—

Transf., of animals and things that utter a plaintive sound. Of apes:

queri rauco stridore,

Ov. M. 14, 100.—

Of the owl,

Verg. A. 4, 463. —

In gen., of the song of birds,

to complain, lament, to coo, warble, sing, Hor. Epod. 2, 26:

dulce queruntur aves,

Ov. Am. 3, 1, 4.—Of a musical instrument:

flebile nescio quid queritur lyra,

Ov. M. 11, 52; Hor. C. 2, 13, 24.

quŏn-ĭam, adv. [quom = cum, and jam], since now, since then, since, seeing that, because, whereas (quoniam gives a ground or reason, quod and quia give the determining cause or reason).

With indic., stating a fact: quoniam significat non solum id quod quia, sed etiam id quod postquam, hac scilicet de causā, quod Graeci epei, utriusque significationem obtinet, Fest. p. 261 Müll.:

quoniam ambo nos delusistis,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 121; id. Aul. prol. 9:

quoniam quidem circumventus inimicis praeceps agor,

Sall. C 31, 9; id. J. 85, 44; 31, 21:

quoniam ad hunc locum perventum est,

Caes. B. G. 6, 11; 7, 50:

quam me stultitiam (quoniam non est genus unum) Insanire putas?

Hor. S. 2, 3, 301:

quoniam ita tu vis,

Cic. Planc. 33, 82:

quapropter, quoniam res in id discrimen adducta est,

id. Phil. 3, 11, 29; Verg. E. 2, 55.—

With subj. (introducing a reason conceived by the mind, or given by another person):

quoniam civitati consulere non possent,

Caes. B. G. 5, 3; 1, 35; 6, 1:

quoniam magna sequatur ubertas,

Plin. 11, 14, 14, § 34; so Nep. Milt. 7, 5; id. Eum. 9, 6:

quoniam tam propinqua sint castra,

id. ib. 6, 40; 7, 72; Caes. B. C. 1, 72.—

Introducing an obj.-clause (post-class.), that:

videtis quoniam et vos hoc facere videtis,

Cypr. Ep. 8, 3; Tert. Idol. 22:

non advertit, quoniam, etc.,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 8, 100; 2, 8, 53:

negat quoniam Jesus non est Christus,

Vulg. 1 Joan. 2, 22; cf. v. 19; id. 1 Cor. 6, 15.