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necessitate

  • 1 necessitas

    nĕcessĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. -ātium, Caes. B. G. 7, 89, 1), f. [necesse], unavoidableness, inevitableness, necessity, compulsion, force, exigency.
    I.
    Lit.: hinc exsistit illa fatalis necessitas, quam heimarmenên dicitis, ut, quidquid accidat, id ex aeternā veritate, causarumque continuatione fluxisse dicatis, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 55:

    ut, etiam si naturā tales (i. e. feroces) non sint, necessitate esse coguntur,

    by the compulsion of circumstances, id. Fam. 4, 9, 3:

    tempori cedere, id est necessitati parere, semper sapientis est habitum,

    id. ib. 4, 9, 2:

    veniam necessitati dare,

    id. Off. 2, 16, 56:

    necessitatem alicui afferre,

    id. Phil. 10, 1, 2. necessitas mihi obvenit alicujus rei, id. Off. 2, 21, 74:

    ex necessitate aliquid facere,

    Tac. H. 3, 62:

    ac nescio an majores necessitates vobis, quam captivis vestris, fortuna circumdederit,

    Liv. 21, 43:

    extrema necessitas,

    i. e. death, Sall. H. 1, 41, 15 Dietsch; Tac. A. 15, 61; id. H. 1, 72:

    necessitate me, mala ut fiam, facis,

    Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 54.—Prov.:

    facere de necessitate virtutem,

    to make a virtue of necessity, Hier. in Ruf. 3, n. 2; id. Ep. 54, n. 6:

    quam cum pecuniam profudisset, et sibi nihil non modo ad cupiditates suas, sed ne ad necessitatem quidem reliquisset,

    Cic. Clu. 25, 68.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Fate, destiny, a law of nature:

    signorum ortus et obitus... quadam ex necessitate semper eodem modo fiunt,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

    humana consilia divina necessitate esse superata,

    id. Lig. 6, 17:

    ut vita, quae necessitati deberetur,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    ut id fatum vim necessitatis adferret,

    id. Fat. 17, 39:

    et vis omnium rerum,

    id. ib. 20, 48:

    fati,

    Liv. 1, 42.—
    B.
    In plur. concr., necessaries, necessary things, necessary expenses:

    reliquis autem tribus virtutibus necessitates propositae sunt ad eas res parandas, quibus actio vitae continetur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 5, 17:

    vitae necessitatibus servire,

    id. Div. 1, 49, 110:

    suarum necessitatum causa,

    wants, interests, Caes. B. G. 7, 89:

    publicae necessitates,

    Liv. 23, 48, 10:

    necessitates ac largitiones,

    Tac. A. 1, 11.—
    C.
    Necessity, need, want (mostly post-Aug.):

    famem et ceteras necessitates tantopere tolerabant, ut, etc.,

    Suet. Caes. 68; id. Tib. 47:

    quod pro honore acceptum etiam necessitatibus subvenit,

    Tac. G. 15:

    neque enim necessitatibus tantummodo nostris provisum est, usque in delicias amamur,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 5, 1; cf.:

    sustinere necessitates aliorum,

    Liv. 6, 15, 9.—
    D.
    For necessitudo, connection, relationship, friendship:

    si nostram necessitatem familiaritatemque violāsset,

    Cic. Sull. 1, 2:

    magnam necessitatem possidet paternus maternusque sanguis,

    bond of affection, intimacy, id. Rosc. Am. 24, 66: equidem mihi videor pro nostrā necessitate non labore defuisse, Caes. ap. Gell. 13, 3, 5 (cited ap. Non. 354, 11).—
    E.
    Personified: Necessitas, the goddess of necessity, the Gr. Anankê:

    te semper anteit saeva Necessitas,

    Hor. C. 1, 35, 17; cf. Macr. S. 1, 19; and v. clavus.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > necessitas

  • 2 adstringo

    a-stringo ( ads-, Ritschl, Baiter, Halm, Jahn, Keil; as-, Fleck., Merk., Kayser), inxi, ictum, 3, v. a., to draw close, to draw, bind, or tie together, to bind, to tighten, contract (syn.: constringo, stringo, alligo, obligo, vincio).
    I.
    Lit.:

    (hunc) adstringite ad columnam fortiter,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 25:

    ad statuam astrictus est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 42:

    manus,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 9:

    vinculorum, id est aptissimum... quod ex se atque de iis, quae adstringit quam maxume, unum efficit,

    Cic. Tim. 4 fin.:

    astringit vincula motu,

    Ov. M. 11, 75:

    laqueos,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 16:

    artius atque hederā procera adstringitur ilex,

    is twined around with ivy, Hor. Epod. 15, 5:

    adstringi funibus,

    Vulg. Ezech. 27, 24:

    aliquem adstringere loris,

    ib. Act. 22, 25:

    pavidum in jus Cervice adstrictā dominum trahat,

    with a halter round his neck, Juv. 10, 88 (Jahn, obstrictā): aspice... Quam non adstricto percurrat pulpita socco, not drawn close, loose; poet. for a negligent style of writing, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 174:

    Ipse rotam adstringit multo sufflamine consul,

    checks, Juv. 8, 148:

    balteus haud fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amictus,

    Luc. 2, 362:

    frontem,

    to contract, knit, Mart. 11, 40; Sen. Ep. 106:

    labra porriguntur et scinduntur et adstringuntur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 81:

    frondem ferro,

    to cut off, clip, Col. 5, 6, 17 al.; so, alvum, to make costive (opp. solvere, q. v.), Cels. 1, 3; 2, 30.—Of the contraction produced by cold:

    nivibus quoque molle rotatis astringi corpus,

    Ov. M. 9, 222; so id. Tr. 3, 4, 48; id. P. 3, 3, 26:

    ventis glacies astricta pependit,

    id. M. 1, 120:

    Sic stat iners Scythicas adstringens Bosporus undas,

    Luc. 5, 436:

    vis frigoris (corpora) ita adstringebat,

    Curt. 7, 3, 13; 8, 4, 6.—Hence, also, to make colder, to cool, refresh:

    ex quo (puteo) possis rursus adstringere,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 25: corpus astringes brevi Salone, Mart. 1, 49, 11 (acc. to Varr. in a pass. sense in the perf., adstrinxi for adstrictus sum, Varr. L. L. Fragm. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 7).—Of colors, to deaden:

    ita permixtis viribus alterum altero excitatur aut adstringitur,

    Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 134 (diff. from alligare, which precedes;

    v. alligo, I. B.).—Also of an astringent, harsh taste: radix gustu adstringit,

    Plin. 27, 10, 60, § 85.—
    II.
    Trop., to draw together, draw closer, circumscribe; to bind, put under obligation, oblige, necessitate:

    ubi adfinitatem inter nos nostram adstrinxeris,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 73: vellem, suscepisses juvenem regendum;

    pater enim nimis indulgens, quicquid ego adstrinxi, relaxat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 6; so,

    mores disciplinae severitate,

    Quint. 2, 2, 4 Spald.:

    ad adstringendam fidem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 31, 111:

    hac lege tibi meam astringo fidem,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 22:

    quo (jure jurando) se cuncti astrinxerant,

    Suet. Caes. 84:

    hujus tanti officii servitutem astringebam testimonio sempiterno,

    to confirm, secure, Cic. Planc. 30 fin. Wund.:

    religione devinctum astrictumque,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 42:

    disciplina astricta legibus,

    id. Brut. 10, 40; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:

    lege et quaestione,

    id. Clu. 155:

    suis condicionibus,

    id. Quinct. 5:

    auditor nullā ejus modi adstrictus necessitate,

    id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    orationem numeris astringere,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 173 et saep.:

    adstringi sacris,

    to be bound to maintain, id. Leg. 2, 19:

    inops regio, quae parsimoniā astringeret milites,

    Liv. 39, 1:

    ad temperantiam,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1:

    ad servitutem juris,

    Quint. 2, 16, 9:

    illa servitus ad certa se verba adstringendi,

    id. 7, 3, 16:

    milites ad certam stipendiorum formulam,

    Suet. Aug. 49; id. Tib. 18:

    me astringam verbis in sacra jura tuis,

    Ov. H. 16, 320; 20, 28:

    magno scelere se astringeret,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 9; id. Sest. 50 fin.; so id. Sull. 29, 82; perh. also id. Pis. 39 fin.; instead of this abl. of class. Latin, we sometimes find in comedy apparently the gen.:

    et ipsum sese et illum furti adstringeret,

    made guilty of, charged himself with, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 34:

    Homo furti sese adstringet,

    id. Poen. 3, 4, 27 (cf.:

    Audin tu? hic furti se adligat,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 39; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. § 209, regards this as a vulgar extension of the use of the gen. with verbs of accusing, convicting, etc., but Klotz, s. v. astringo, regards it as really an old dative, furtoi furti; cf. quoi cui).—Of reasoning or discourse, to compress, abridge, bring into short compass:

    Stoici breviter adstringere solent argumenta,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13 (cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 22: Haec sic dicuntur a Stoicis, concludunturque contortius); id. Fat. 14, 32:

    premere tumentia, luxuriantia adstringere,

    Quint. 10, 4, 1 Frotsch., Halm.—Hence, astrictus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., drawn together, tight, narrow, close.
    A.
    Lit.:

    limen astrictum,

    shut, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 50:

    alvus fusior aut astrictior,

    Cels. 1, 3:

    corpus astrictum, i. e. alvus dura,

    id. 3, 6:

    genus morbi astrictum,

    costiveness, id. 1 praef.:

    gustu adstricto,

    of a harsh, astringent taste, Plin. 27, 12, 96, § 121.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Sparing, parsimonious, covetous (not before the Aug. per.):

    astrictus pater,

    Prop. 3, 17, 18:

    adstricti moris auctor,

    Tac. A. 3, 55:

    parsimonia,

    Just. 44, 2.—
    2.
    Of discourse, compact, brief, concise, short (opp. remissus):

    dialectica quasi contracta et astricta eloquentia putanda est,

    Cic. Brut. 90, 309:

    verborum astricta comprehensio,

    id. ib. 95, 327:

    est enim finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 70; 1, 16, 60.— Sup. not used.— Adv.: astrictē ( ads-), concisely, briefly (only of discourse):

    astricte numerosa oratio,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 184.— Comp.:

    astrictius dicere,

    Sen. Ep. 8 fin., and Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

    scribere,

    id. ib. 3, 18, 10:

    ille concludit adstrictius, hic latius,

    Quint. 10, 1, 106.— Sup. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adstringo

  • 3 astringo

    a-stringo ( ads-, Ritschl, Baiter, Halm, Jahn, Keil; as-, Fleck., Merk., Kayser), inxi, ictum, 3, v. a., to draw close, to draw, bind, or tie together, to bind, to tighten, contract (syn.: constringo, stringo, alligo, obligo, vincio).
    I.
    Lit.:

    (hunc) adstringite ad columnam fortiter,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 25:

    ad statuam astrictus est,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 42:

    manus,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 9:

    vinculorum, id est aptissimum... quod ex se atque de iis, quae adstringit quam maxume, unum efficit,

    Cic. Tim. 4 fin.:

    astringit vincula motu,

    Ov. M. 11, 75:

    laqueos,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 16:

    artius atque hederā procera adstringitur ilex,

    is twined around with ivy, Hor. Epod. 15, 5:

    adstringi funibus,

    Vulg. Ezech. 27, 24:

    aliquem adstringere loris,

    ib. Act. 22, 25:

    pavidum in jus Cervice adstrictā dominum trahat,

    with a halter round his neck, Juv. 10, 88 (Jahn, obstrictā): aspice... Quam non adstricto percurrat pulpita socco, not drawn close, loose; poet. for a negligent style of writing, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 174:

    Ipse rotam adstringit multo sufflamine consul,

    checks, Juv. 8, 148:

    balteus haud fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amictus,

    Luc. 2, 362:

    frontem,

    to contract, knit, Mart. 11, 40; Sen. Ep. 106:

    labra porriguntur et scinduntur et adstringuntur,

    Quint. 11, 3, 81:

    frondem ferro,

    to cut off, clip, Col. 5, 6, 17 al.; so, alvum, to make costive (opp. solvere, q. v.), Cels. 1, 3; 2, 30.—Of the contraction produced by cold:

    nivibus quoque molle rotatis astringi corpus,

    Ov. M. 9, 222; so id. Tr. 3, 4, 48; id. P. 3, 3, 26:

    ventis glacies astricta pependit,

    id. M. 1, 120:

    Sic stat iners Scythicas adstringens Bosporus undas,

    Luc. 5, 436:

    vis frigoris (corpora) ita adstringebat,

    Curt. 7, 3, 13; 8, 4, 6.—Hence, also, to make colder, to cool, refresh:

    ex quo (puteo) possis rursus adstringere,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 25: corpus astringes brevi Salone, Mart. 1, 49, 11 (acc. to Varr. in a pass. sense in the perf., adstrinxi for adstrictus sum, Varr. L. L. Fragm. ap. Gell. 2, 25, 7).—Of colors, to deaden:

    ita permixtis viribus alterum altero excitatur aut adstringitur,

    Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 134 (diff. from alligare, which precedes;

    v. alligo, I. B.).—Also of an astringent, harsh taste: radix gustu adstringit,

    Plin. 27, 10, 60, § 85.—
    II.
    Trop., to draw together, draw closer, circumscribe; to bind, put under obligation, oblige, necessitate:

    ubi adfinitatem inter nos nostram adstrinxeris,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 73: vellem, suscepisses juvenem regendum;

    pater enim nimis indulgens, quicquid ego adstrinxi, relaxat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 6; so,

    mores disciplinae severitate,

    Quint. 2, 2, 4 Spald.:

    ad adstringendam fidem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 31, 111:

    hac lege tibi meam astringo fidem,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 22:

    quo (jure jurando) se cuncti astrinxerant,

    Suet. Caes. 84:

    hujus tanti officii servitutem astringebam testimonio sempiterno,

    to confirm, secure, Cic. Planc. 30 fin. Wund.:

    religione devinctum astrictumque,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 42:

    disciplina astricta legibus,

    id. Brut. 10, 40; id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3:

    lege et quaestione,

    id. Clu. 155:

    suis condicionibus,

    id. Quinct. 5:

    auditor nullā ejus modi adstrictus necessitate,

    id. N. D. 1, 7, 17:

    orationem numeris astringere,

    id. de Or. 3, 44, 173 et saep.:

    adstringi sacris,

    to be bound to maintain, id. Leg. 2, 19:

    inops regio, quae parsimoniā astringeret milites,

    Liv. 39, 1:

    ad temperantiam,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1:

    ad servitutem juris,

    Quint. 2, 16, 9:

    illa servitus ad certa se verba adstringendi,

    id. 7, 3, 16:

    milites ad certam stipendiorum formulam,

    Suet. Aug. 49; id. Tib. 18:

    me astringam verbis in sacra jura tuis,

    Ov. H. 16, 320; 20, 28:

    magno scelere se astringeret,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 9; id. Sest. 50 fin.; so id. Sull. 29, 82; perh. also id. Pis. 39 fin.; instead of this abl. of class. Latin, we sometimes find in comedy apparently the gen.:

    et ipsum sese et illum furti adstringeret,

    made guilty of, charged himself with, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 34:

    Homo furti sese adstringet,

    id. Poen. 3, 4, 27 (cf.:

    Audin tu? hic furti se adligat,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 39; Draeger, Hist. Synt. I. § 209, regards this as a vulgar extension of the use of the gen. with verbs of accusing, convicting, etc., but Klotz, s. v. astringo, regards it as really an old dative, furtoi furti; cf. quoi cui).—Of reasoning or discourse, to compress, abridge, bring into short compass:

    Stoici breviter adstringere solent argumenta,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 6, 13 (cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 22: Haec sic dicuntur a Stoicis, concludunturque contortius); id. Fat. 14, 32:

    premere tumentia, luxuriantia adstringere,

    Quint. 10, 4, 1 Frotsch., Halm.—Hence, astrictus ( ads-), a, um, P. a., drawn together, tight, narrow, close.
    A.
    Lit.:

    limen astrictum,

    shut, Ov. Am. 3, 1, 50:

    alvus fusior aut astrictior,

    Cels. 1, 3:

    corpus astrictum, i. e. alvus dura,

    id. 3, 6:

    genus morbi astrictum,

    costiveness, id. 1 praef.:

    gustu adstricto,

    of a harsh, astringent taste, Plin. 27, 12, 96, § 121.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Sparing, parsimonious, covetous (not before the Aug. per.):

    astrictus pater,

    Prop. 3, 17, 18:

    adstricti moris auctor,

    Tac. A. 3, 55:

    parsimonia,

    Just. 44, 2.—
    2.
    Of discourse, compact, brief, concise, short (opp. remissus):

    dialectica quasi contracta et astricta eloquentia putanda est,

    Cic. Brut. 90, 309:

    verborum astricta comprehensio,

    id. ib. 95, 327:

    est enim finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo,

    id. de Or. 1, 16, 70; 1, 16, 60.— Sup. not used.— Adv.: astrictē ( ads-), concisely, briefly (only of discourse):

    astricte numerosa oratio,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 184.— Comp.:

    astrictius dicere,

    Sen. Ep. 8 fin., and Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

    scribere,

    id. ib. 3, 18, 10:

    ille concludit adstrictius, hic latius,

    Quint. 10, 1, 106.— Sup. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > astringo

  • 4 denique

    dēnĭquē, adv. [etym. dub.; perh. dēnĭ, locative of de, and que].
    I.
    Orig. denoting succession in time, and thereupon, and then, in the sequel.
    A.
    In gen. (rare—for syn. cf.:

    tum, demum, tandem, postremo): omnes negabant... denique hercle jam pudebat,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 8:

    risu omnes qui aderant emoriri. Denique Metuebant omnes jam me,

    id. Eun. 3, 1, 42:

    ille imperat reliquis civitatibus obsides. Denique ei rei constituit diem,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 64:

    ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, sic ei procedunt post principia denique,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4.—In the interrogatory formula:

    quid denique agitis?

    and what did you do then? Plaut. Bac. 2, 3, 60: id. Truc. 2, 4, 47.—More freq.,
    B.
    Pregn., ending a period, at last, at length; lastly, finally:

    boat caelum fremitu virum... Denique, ut voluimus, nostra superat manus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12; Ter. And. 1, 1, 120:

    nisi quia lubet experiri, quo evasuru 'st denique,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 93; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 8; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 71:

    Nil nostri miserere? mori me denique coges,

    Verg. E. 2, 7:

    quid jam misero mihi denique restat?

    id. A. 2, 70; 2, 295 al.—
    b.
    Strengthened by ad extremum, ad postremum, or tandem:

    boni nescio quomodo tardiores sunt, et principiis rerum neglectis ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

    Cic. Sest. 47:

    victus denique ad postremum est,

    Just. 12, 16 fin.; 37, 1 fin.: et tandem denique devorato pudore ad Milonem aio, Ap. M. 2, p. 121.—
    c.
    Sometimes of that which happens after a long delay = tandem:

    quae (sc. urbana) ego diu ignorans, ex tuis jucundissimis litteris a. d. V. Cal. Jan. denique cognovi,

    Cic. Att. 5, 20, 8:

    aliquam mihi partem hodie operae des denique, jam tandem ades ilico,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 40.—
    d.
    With the particles tum, nunc, or an abl. of time (nearly = demum), just. precisely:

    tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona, cum, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 39:

    qui convenit polliceri operam suam reip. tum denique, si necessitate cogentur? etc.,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 6;

    so tum denique,

    id. Quint. 13, 43; id. Tusc. 3, 31, 75; id. de Sen. 23, 82; id. Fin. 1, 19, 64 et saep.;

    and separated,

    id. Lael. 22, 84; id. Caecin. 34 fin.:

    tantum accessit, ut mihi nunc denique amare videar, antea dilexisse,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 5; cf. id. Quint. 13:

    ne is, de cujus officio nemo umquam dubitavit, sexagesimo denique anno dedecore notetur,

    id. ib. 31, 99; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 4; id. B. C. 1, 5, 2; Sall. J. 105, 3.—
    (β).
    Like demum with pronouns, to give emphasis:

    si qua metu dempto casta est, ea denique casta est,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 3:

    is enim denique honos mihi videri solet, qui, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 10; cf.:

    eo denique,

    Cic. Quint. 11, 38.—
    (γ).
    With vix (like vix demum):

    posita vix denique mensa,

    Ov. Her. 16, 215.—
    II.
    Transf., in enumerations.
    A.
    Like dein (deinde) followed by postremo, or ad postremum (rare):

    denique sequitur... postremo si est, etc.,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 19, 113:

    omnes urbes, agri, regna denique, postremo etiam vectigalia vestra venierint,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 23 fin.; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; cf. id. Fam. 2, 15, 4:

    primum illis cum Lucanis bellum fuit.. Denique Alexander rex Epiri.. cum omnibus copiis ab his deletus est.. ad postremum Agathocles, etc.,

    Just. 23, 1, 15. —
    B.
    Pregn., to introduce the last of a series, finally, lastly, in fine (the usual meaning of the word; cf.:

    postremo, novissime, ad extremum): consilium ceperunt... ut nomen hujus de parricidio deferrent, ut ad eam rem aliquem accusatorem veterem compararent... denique ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 10, 28; cf. id. Rep. 1, 43; Ov. Tr. 2, 231: cur etiam secundo proelio aliquos ex suis amitteret? cur vulnerari pateretur optime de se meritos milites? [p. 546] cur denique fortunam periclitaretur? Caes. B. C. 1, 72, 2:

    aut denique,

    Cic. Arch, 6, 12:

    qui denique,

    id. Rep. 1, 17:

    tum denique,

    Verg. G. 2, 369 et saep.:

    cum de moribus, de virtutibus, denique de republica disputet (Socrates),

    Cic. Rep. 1, 10:

    mathematici, poetae, musici, medici denique, etc.,

    id. Fin. 5, 3, 7:

    denique etiam,

    id. Fl. 4, 9:

    primum omnium me ipsum vigilare, etc.: deinde magnos animos esse in bonis viris..: deos denique immortales. auxilium esse laturos,

    id. Cat. 2, 9.—
    2.
    Freq. in ascending to a climax, or to a higher or more general expression, in a word, in fine, in short, briefly, even, in fact, indeed:

    quis hunc hominem rite dixerit, qui sibi cum suis civibus, qui denique cum omni hominum genere nullam esse juris communionem velit?

    Cic. Rep. 2, 26:

    nemo bonus, nemo denique civis est, qui, etc.,

    id. Pis. 20, 45; id. Verr. 2, 2, 69; Liv. 4, 56; Tac. A. 2, 10 al.:

    pernegabo atque obdurabo, perjurabo denique,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 56; cf. Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 51; id. Hec. 4, 4, 95; Cic. Quint. 16, 51; id. Verr. 2, 2, 23 al.:

    numquam tam mane egredior, neque tam vesperi domum revortor, quin te in fundo conspicer fodere, aut arare, aut aliquid facere denique, Heaut. 1, 1, 15: quod malum majus, seu tantum denique?

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2:

    ne nummi pereant, aut pyga aut denique fama,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 133:

    haec denique ejus fuit postrema oratio,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 44; so Cic. de Or. 2, 78, 317; id. Verr. 1, 27, 70; Nep. Pelop. 4, 3; Vell. 2, 113; Tac. A. 1, 26; Ov. M. 2, 95 al. —Hence, freq. emphatic with ipse:

    arma, tela, locos, tempora, denique naturam ipsam industria vicerat,

    Sall. J. 76:

    hoc denique ipso die,

    Cic. Mil. 36, 100.—With omnia, prius flamma, prius denique omnia, quam, etc., id. Phil. 13, 21, 49; Quint. 10, 1, 119; Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 13; cf.:

    quidquid denique,

    Cels. 2, 28, 1.—
    3.
    In post-Aug. prose (esp. in the jurists), to denote an inference, in consequence, therefore, accordingly:

    hujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia est: denique non solita sacra Philippus illa die fecit, etc.,

    Just. 9, 4, 1:

    pulcherrima Campaniae plaga est: nihil mollius caelo: denique bis floribus vernat,

    Flor. 1, 16, 3; Dig. 1, 7, 13; 10, 4, 3, § 15 et saep. So in citing a decision for a position assumed:

    denique Scaevola ait, etc.,

    Dig. 7, 3, 4; 4, 4, 3; 7, 8, 14:

    exstat quidem exemplum ejus, qui gessit (sc. magistratum) caecus: Appius denique Claudius caecus consiliis publicis intererat,

    ib. 3, 1, 1, § 5 and 6; 48, 5, 8.—In class. usage denique includes the connective -que;

    once in Plaut. and often in late Lat. a copul. conj. precedes it: atque hoc denique,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 18:

    aurum, argentum, et denique aliae res,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 13; Dig. 1, 8, 1. See Hand Turs. II. p. 260-278.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > denique

  • 5 exter

    exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).
    I.
    Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

    quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

    strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

    emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

    ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

    tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

    Lucr. 2, 435:

    vis,

    id. 2, 277:

    haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

    exterarum gentium multitudo,

    Suet. Caes. 84:

    non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

    Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

    apud exteras civitates,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

    apud exteras nationes,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

    ad nationes exteras,

    Quint. 11, 1, 89:

    apud exteros,

    Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

    ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

    ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

    Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

    ad extera corporum,

    id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—
    II.
    Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

    cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

    Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

    simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

    colle exteriore occupato,

    id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

    circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

    id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

    pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

    id. ib. 7, 74:

    comes exterior,

    i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—
    III.
    Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].
    A.
    extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

    extremior,

    App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

    extremissimus,

    Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).
    1.
    Lit.:

    extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

    flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

    on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

    fines,

    Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

    ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

    id. 40, 16, 5:

    impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

    the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

    Tanaïs,

    id. C. 3, 10, 1:

    in extrema fere parte epistolae,

    near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

    in codicis extrema cera,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

    quibus (litteris) in extremis,

    at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

    in qua (epistola) extrema,

    id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

    in extremo libro tertio,

    at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

    in extrema oratione,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

    in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

    ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

    ab extremo agmine,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

    in extrema Cappadocia,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

    extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

    id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

    beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

    Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

    quod finitum est, habet extremum,

    id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

    at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

    quod erat in extremo,

    id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

    aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

    caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

    id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

    ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

    summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

    in extremo montis,

    Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

    extrema agminis,

    Liv. 6, 32, 11:

    extrema Africae,

    Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

    extrema Galliae,

    Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

    inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

    mensis anni Februarius,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

    tempore diei,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

    eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

    Liv. 37, 53, 8:

    matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

    manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

    the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

    extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

    it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

    usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

    Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

    extremo anno,

    Liv. 2, 64, 1:

    extremo tempore,

    in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

    extrema pueritia,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    extremo Peloponnesio bello,

    Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

    illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

    extremus dominorum,

    Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

    die extremum erat,

    Sall. J. 21, 2:

    extremum aestatis,

    id. ib. 90, 1:

    extremo anni,

    Liv. 35, 11, 1:

    sub extremum noctis,

    Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.
    a.
    For the last time:

    alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—
    b.
    At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

    extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

    Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

    ad extremum,

    id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

    invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

    ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

    till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

    ad extremum,

    Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

    for which: in extremum (durare),

    id. H. 7, 111:

    qui extremo mortuus est,

    at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

    extremo,

    Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—
    b.
    Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.
    (α).
    The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

    licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

    extremam famem sustentare,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

    ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

    Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

    decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

    extremam rationem belli sequens,

    id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

    neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

    is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

    in extremis suis rebus,

    in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

    res,

    Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

    res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

    necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

    Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

    ad extrema perventum est,

    Curt. 4, 14, 14:

    ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 47, 8:

    compellere ad extrema deditionis,

    to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

    famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

    Tac. H. 4, 59:

    plura de extremis loqui,

    id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

    res publica in extremo sita,

    Sall. C. 52, 11;

    Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

    utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—
    (β).
    The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    mancipia,

    Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

    latrones,

    App. M. 3, p. 131:

    quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

    Just. 15, 1:

    alimenta vitae,

    Tac. A. 6, 24:

    extremi ingenii est,

    Liv. 22, 29, 8.—
    B.
    extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

    novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

    circum caesura membrorum,

    Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

    promontorium Oceani,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

    gentes,

    id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

    Apuliae extima,

    the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > exter

  • 6 extremum

    exter or extĕrus (both forms only post-class. and very rare), tĕra, tĕrum, adj. [ comp. form, from ex], on the outside, outward, of another country, family, etc., foreign, strange (syn.: extraneus; alienus, peregrinus, adventicius).
    I.
    Pos. (in Cic. and Caes. used in the plur.):

    quod exter heres praestare cogeretur,

    strange, Dig. 31, 1, 69:

    emancipatus vero aut exterus non aliter possunt hereditatem quaerere quam si, etc.,

    ib. 29, 2, 84; cf. ib. 31, 1, 67, § 4:

    tactus corporis est sensus, vel cum res extera sese Insinuat, vel, etc.,

    Lucr. 2, 435:

    vis,

    id. 2, 277:

    haec lex socialis est, hoc jus nationum exterarum est,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 5, 18:

    exterarum gentium multitudo,

    Suet. Caes. 84:

    non modo vestris civibus, verum etiam exteris nationibus,

    Cic. Font. 11, 25; cf.:

    apud exteras civitates,

    Cic. Caecin. 34, 100:

    apud exteras nationes,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 43 fin.;

    ad nationes exteras,

    Quint. 11, 1, 89:

    apud exteros,

    Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22 et saep.:

    ab extero hoste atque longinquo,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 13.—In neutr. plur. with gen.:

    ad extera Europae noscenda missus Himilco,

    Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 169:

    ad extera corporum,

    id. 22, 23, 49, § 103.—
    II.
    Comp.: extĕrĭor, us (in signif. scarcely differing from its pos.), outward, outer, exterior; opp. interior (rare but class.):

    cum alterum fecisset exteriorem, interiorem alterum amplexus orbem,

    Cic. Univ. 7; cf.:

    simul ex navibus milites in exteriorem vallum tela jaciebant... et legionarii, interioris munitionis defensores,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 63, 6:

    colle exteriore occupato,

    id. B. G. 7, 79, 1:

    circumire exteriores mutiones jubet,

    id. ib. 7, 87, 4:

    pares munitiones contra exteriorem hostem perfecit,

    id. ib. 7, 74:

    comes exterior,

    i. e. on the left side, Hor. S. 2, 5, 17.—
    III.
    Sup. in two forms, extrēmus and extĭmus or extŭmus [ sup. of ex; cf. Gr. eschatos, Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 387].
    A.
    extrēmus, a, um (which in post-class. lang. is itself compared; comp.:

    extremior,

    App. M. 1, p. 105; 7, p. 188; sup.:

    extremissimus,

    Tert. Apol. 19), the outermost, utmost, extreme (so most freq.; cf.: ultimus, postremus, novissimus, supremus, imus).
    1.
    Lit.:

    extremum oppidum Allobrogum est Geneva,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 3:

    flumen Axona, quod est in extremis Remorum finibus,

    on the farthest borders, id. ib. 2, 5, 4:

    fines,

    Liv. 39, 28, 2; 45, 29, 14; cf.:

    ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae venerunt,

    id. 40, 16, 5:

    impiger extremos currit mercator ad Indos,

    the remotest, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 45:

    Tanaïs,

    id. C. 3, 10, 1:

    in extrema fere parte epistolae,

    near the end, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 20; cf.:

    in codicis extrema cera,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92; but to denote the last part of a thing it is used more freq. in immediate connection with the substantive denoting the whole:

    quibus (litteris) in extremis,

    at its end, id. Att. 14, 8, 1; cf.:

    in qua (epistola) extrema,

    id. ib. 13, 45, 1:

    in extremo libro tertio,

    at the end of the third book, id. Off. 3, 2, 9:

    in extrema oratione,

    id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

    in extremo ponte turrim constituit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 3; cf.:

    ad extremas fossas castella constituit,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 3:

    ab extremo agmine,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 4:

    in extrema Cappadocia,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

    extremis digitis aliquid attingere,

    id. Cael. 12, 28 et saep. —In the neutr. absol. and as subst.: extrē-mum, i, n., an end, the end: divitias alii praeponunt, alii honores, multi etiam voluptates;

    beluarum hoc quidem extremum,

    Cic. Lael. 6, 20:

    quod finitum est, habet extremum,

    id. Div. 2, 50, 103:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum,

    at the end, Liv. 21, 8, 10: in "Equo Trojano" scis esse in extremo "sero sapiunt," Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 1; cf.:

    quod erat in extremo,

    id. Att. 6, 9, 1.—With gen.:

    aliquid ad extremum causae reservatum,

    Cic. Deiot. 13, 35 (cf. infra, 2. a. fin.):

    caelum ipsum, quod extremum atque ultumum mundi est,

    id. Div. 2, 43, 91:

    ab Ocelo, quod est citerioris provinciae extremum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 5:

    summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

    in extremo montis,

    Sall. J. 37, 4.— In plur.:

    extrema agminis,

    Liv. 6, 32, 11:

    extrema Africae,

    Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 31:

    extrema Galliae,

    Flor. 3, 3, 1; 3, 20, 12; Tac. H. 5, 18; id. A. 4, 67; 4, 74.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    In respect to time or the order of succession, the latest, last:

    inter prioris mensis senescentis extremum diem et novam lunam,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 10 Müll.:

    mensis anni Februarius,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 21, 54:

    tempore diei,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 15, 6:

    eam amicitiam ad extremum finem vitae perduxit,

    Liv. 37, 53, 8:

    matres ab extremo conspectu liberorum exclusae,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 118:

    manus extrema non accessit operibus ejus,

    the finishing hand, the last touches, id. Brut. 33, 126:

    extremum illud est, ut te orem et obsecrem,

    it remains only, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Att. 11, 16, 5.—To denote the last part of a thing (cf. above, 1.): quod eo die potest videri extrema et prima luna, i. e. the end and the beginning, Varr. L. L. l. l.:

    usque ad extremam aetatem ab adolescentia,

    Nep. Cato, 2, 4; id. Att. 10, 3; cf.: ita tantum bellum Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit, Cic. de lmp. Pomp. 12, 35:

    extremo anno,

    Liv. 2, 64, 1:

    extremo tempore,

    in the last time, at last, Nep. Dat. 10; id. Epam. 9; id. Eum. 5, 3 al.:

    extrema pueritia,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    extremo Peloponnesio bello,

    Nep. Con. 1, 2: extremus dies, the close of day, the evening, Sil 7, 172; 14, 8.— Subst.:

    illum Praeteritum temnens extremos inter euntem,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 116; cf.: extremi primorum, extremis [p. 708] usque priores, id. Ep. 2, 2, 204:

    extremus dominorum,

    Tac. H. 4, 42 fin.:

    die extremum erat,

    Sall. J. 21, 2:

    extremum aestatis,

    id. ib. 90, 1:

    extremo anni,

    Liv. 35, 11, 1:

    sub extremum noctis,

    Sil. 4, 88 al. —Prov.: extrema semper de ante factis judicant (cf. our wise after the event), Pub. Syr. 163 Rib.— Adv.: extremum.
    a.
    For the last time:

    alloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 15: cum diu occulte suspirassent, postea jam gemere, ad extremum vero loqui omnes et clamare coeperunt.—
    b.
    At last, finally, Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2:

    extremum tenues liquefacta medullas Tabuit,

    Ov. M. 14, 431.—Adverb. phrase:

    ad extremum,

    id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 4, 4, 2 et saep.; cf., strengthened by tum:

    invenire quod dicas... deinde... post... tum ad extremum agere ac pronuntiare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 79; and strengthened by denique:

    ad extremum ipsa denique necessitate excitantur,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    decimo loco testis exspectatus et ad extremum reservatus dixit, etc.,

    till the end, to the last, id. Caecin. 10, 28:

    ad extremum,

    Ov. P. 1, 9, 28; 3, 7, 20;

    for which: in extremum (durare),

    id. H. 7, 111:

    qui extremo mortuus est,

    at last, Dig. 32, 1, 81:

    extremo,

    Nep. Ham. 2, 3.—
    b.
    Extreme in quality or degree; used, like ultimus, to denote both the highest and the lowest grade.
    (α).
    The utmost, highest, greatest: cum extremum hoc sit (sentis enim, credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

    licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere) cum igitur hoc sit extremum, congruenter naturae vivere, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

    extremam famem sustentare,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17, 3:

    ad extrema et inimicissima jura tam cupide decurrebas,

    Cic. Quint. 15, 48; cf.:

    decurritur ad illud extremum atque ultimum S. C., Dent operam consules, etc.,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 3:

    extremam rationem belli sequens,

    id. ib. 3, 44, 1:

    neque aliud se fatigando nisi odium quaerere, extremae dementiae est,

    is the height of madness, Sall. J. 3, 3:

    in extremis suis rebus,

    in the utmost, greatest danger, Caes. B. G. 2, 25 fin.:

    res,

    Suet. Ner. 6 fin.; cf.:

    res jam ad extremum perducta casum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5, 1:

    necessitate extrema ad mortem agi,

    Tac. A. 13, 1.— Subst.: si nihil in Lepido spei sit, descensurum ad extrema, to desperate measures, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 4:

    ad extrema perventum est,

    Curt. 4, 14, 14:

    ad extrema ventum foret, ni, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 47, 8:

    compellere ad extrema deditionis,

    to surrender at discretion, Flor. 4, 5; cf.:

    famem, ferrum et extrema pati,

    Tac. H. 4, 59:

    plura de extremis loqui,

    id. ib. 2, 47 al.:

    res publica in extremo sita,

    Sall. C. 52, 11;

    Sen. de Ira, 1, 11, 5.—Adverb.: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus,

    utterly, Liv. 23, 2, 4.—
    (β).
    The lowest, vilest, meanest (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    mancipia,

    Sen. Ep. 70 fin.:

    latrones,

    App. M. 3, p. 131:

    quidam sortis extremae juvenis,

    Just. 15, 1:

    alimenta vitae,

    Tac. A. 6, 24:

    extremi ingenii est,

    Liv. 22, 29, 8.—
    B.
    extĭmus or extŭmus, a, um, the outermost, farthest, most remote (rare but class.):

    novem orbes, quorum unus est caelestis, extimus, qui reliquos omnes complectitur,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17:

    circum caesura membrorum,

    Lucr. 3, 219; 4, 647:

    promontorium Oceani,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 1:

    gentes,

    id. 2, 78, 80, § 190: factus sum extimus a vobis, i. e. discarded, estranged, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 609 P.— Subst.:

    Apuliae extima,

    the borders, Plin. 6, 34, 39, § 217.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > extremum

  • 7 praedor

    praedor, ātus, 1 (active collat. form, v. infra fin.), v. n. and a. [2. praedo].
    I.
    Neutr., to make booty, to plunder, spoil, rob (in war and otherwise; class.;

    syn.: spolio, diripio): spes rapiendi atque praedandi,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 9:

    licentia praedandi,

    Liv. 22, 3:

    praedantes milites,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 46 fin.:

    ex hereditate,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45; 2, 3, 3, § 6; 2, 3, 20, § 51:

    praedatum exire,

    Liv. 4, 55:

    necessitate inpositā ex alieno praedandi,

    id. 5, 5, 3:

    ex alienis fortunis,

    id. 6, 41, 11:

    ex necessitate alicujus,

    Lact. 6, 18, 8:

    ex agris finitimorum praedari,

    Just. 23, 1, 10:

    classis pluribus locis praedata,

    Tac. Agr. 29:

    de aratorum bonis praedari,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 78, § 182:

    praedari in re frumentariā et in bonis aratorum,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 62, § 146;

    2, 3, 88, § 204: in bonis alienis,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 19, §

    46: omnibus in rebus,

    upon every opportunity, id. ib. 2, 1, 50, §

    130: in insulis cultorum egentibus,

    Liv. 22, 31, 3:

    ex alterius inscientiā praedari,

    to make use of another's ignorance to defraud him, Cic. Off. 3, 17, 72:

    cum apud tuos Mamertinos inveniare improbissimā ratione esse praedatus,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 3.—
    B.
    Transf.: praedātus, a, um, that has made booty; hence, well furnished with booty (Plautinian):

    bene ego ab hoc praedatus ibo,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 39; id. Rud. 5, 2, 29; id. Pers. 4, 4, 115.—
    II.
    Act., to plunder, pillage, rob any thing (rare before the Aug. period).
    A.
    Lit.:

    pastorum stabula,

    Cic. Sest. 5, 13 Halm N. cr.; B. and K.;

    dub. (al. praeclara cepisset): dum socios magis quam hostes praedatur,

    Tac. A. 12, 49:

    arces Cecropis,

    Val. Fl. 5, 647:

    maria,

    Lact. 5, 9 med.; 7, 17, 9:

    bona vivorum et mortuorum,

    Suet. Dom. 12 (but cf. Roth ad loc.):

    Hylam Nympha praedata,

    Petr. 83.—
    2.
    Transf., to take or catch animals, birds, etc.:

    alia dentibus praedantur, alia unguibus,

    Plin. 10, 71, 91, § 196:

    ovem,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 419:

    pisces calamo praedabor,

    Prop. 4 (5), 2, 37.—
    B.
    Trop., to rob, ravish, take ( poet.):

    amores alicujus,

    to rob one of his mistress, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 59; cf.:

    quae me nuper praedata puella est,

    has caught me, id. Am. 1, 3, 1:

    singula de nobis anni praedantur euntes,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 55:

    dapes,

    to consume, Val. Fl. 4, 429.
    ► Act. collat. form praedo, āre:

    praedavit omnes filios Tharsis,

    Vulg. Jud. 2, 13; 16; Prisc. p. 799 P.—Hence, prae-dor, āri, in a pass. signif. (ante- and post-class.):

    mihi istaec videtur praeda praedatum irier,

    Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 16:

    terra direptione praedabitur,

    Vulg. Isa. 24, 3:

    pecuniae praedatae,

    Gell. 4, 18, 12.—As subst.: praedātum, i, n., that which has been obtained by plunder, booty, Vop. Prob. 8, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praedor

  • 8 ad-dūcō

        ad-dūcō dūxī, ductus, ere    （imper. adduce for adduc, T.—Perf. addūxtī for addūxistī, T.), to lead to, bring to, bring along (usu. of persons; cf. adfero, of things): quos Maecenas adduxerat umbras, brought along, H.: eos ad me domum adduxit <*> Iugurtham vinctum Romam, S.: in iudicium.— Poet.: dextris adducor litora remis, reach, O.— Rarely of things: aquam adduxi, brought into the city: carmen ad umbilicum, to finish, H.: sedulitas adducit febrīs, brings on, H.: Dicas adductum propius frondere Tarentum, the woods of Tarentum brought nearer (Rome), H. — Esp., to bring by drawing, draw, pull, stretch: tormenta quo sunt adducta vehementius: adducto arcu, V.: funes, Cs.: adductis lacertis, bent (in rowing), V.: colla parvis lacertis, to embrace, O.—Hence, fig.: habenas amicitiae, to tighten.—Of the skin, to draw up, wrinkle, contract: adducit cutem macies, wrinkles the skin, O.; cf. sitis miseros adduxerat artūs, V.—Fig., to bring to, bring into, bring under: ad suam auctoritatem: rem in extremum discrimen: me in necessitatem, L. — To bring, lead, prompt, move, induce, prevail upon, persuade, incite: te ad facinus: me in summam exspectationem: in spem, S.: ad suscipiendum bellum, Cs.: ad credendum, N.: adduci, ut capite operto sit: hoc nondum adducor ut faciam: quibus rebus adductus ad causam accesserim demonstravi: necessitate adductus, Cs.: adducti iudices sunt... potuisse, etc., were led to believe that, etc.

    Latin-English dictionary > ad-dūcō

  • 9 ad-fingō (aff-)

        ad-fingō (aff-) finxī, fictus, ere,    to form as an addition, make besides, attach, affix, append: pars corporis sine necessitate adficta. — Fig., to add, contribute, bestow in addition: tantum (discipulo), ut, etc.—Esp., to add falsely, invent besides: adfingere aliquid, quo faciant, etc.: ut intelligatis, quid error adfinxerit: nihil opinione ad aegritudinem: addunt ipsi et adfingunt rumoribus, etc., Cs.

    Latin-English dictionary > ad-fingō (aff-)

  • 10 attendō (adt-)

        attendō (adt-) tendī, tentus, ere    [ad + tendo], to stretch toward, direct.—With animum, give attention, attend to, consider, give heed: cum animum attenderis, on careful observation: animos ad ea: quid velim, T.: sermo agresti an urbano propior esset, L.—With ellips. of animum: postquam attendi Magis, T.: audi atque attende: versum, listen to: stuporem hominis, mark: hostium res, S.: de necessitate: versūs pars attenditur: illud a se esse concessum: adtendere, quae res, etc., S.: attendite num aberret: quid petam aequo animo attendite, T.

    Latin-English dictionary > attendō (adt-)

  • 11 exprimō

        exprimō pressī, pressus, ere    [ex + premo], to press out, force out, squeeze forth: (lacrimulam) oculos terendo, T.: nubium conflictu ardor expressus: has (turrīs) cottidianus agger expresserat, had carried up, Cs.: expresso spinae curvamine, protruding, O.: sucina solis radiis expressa Ta.— To form by pressure, form, model, portray, exhibit: unguīs, H.: vestis artūs exprimens, Ta.— Fig., to wring out, extort, wrest, elicit: ab eis tantum frumenti: vocem, Cs.: deditionem necessitate, L.: pecunia vi expressa: Expressa arbusto convicia (in allusion to the wine-press), H.: ut negaret, constrained.—To imitate, copy, represent, portray, describe, express: magnitudine animi vitam patris: libidines versibus: Incessūs voltumque, O.: ut Euryalum exprimat infans, may resemble, Iu.: dicendo sensa: nemo expresserat, posse hominem, etc.: quae vis subiecta sit, etc.: oratorem imitando: in Platonis libris Socrates exprimitur.— To render, translate: id Latine: verbum de verbo, T.: fabellae ad verbum de Graecis expressae.— To pronounce, articulate: litteras putidius.
    * * *
    exprimere, expressi, expressus V
    squeeze, squeeze/press out; imitate, copy; portray; pronounce, express

    Latin-English dictionary > exprimō

  • 12 interpretor

        interpretor ātus, ārī, dep.    [interpres], to explain, expound, interpret, understand, conclude, infer, comprehend: si interpretari velis: religiones, Cs.: somnia: sententiam tuam: ad voluntatem, L.: ut plerique quaererent famam, pauci interpretarentur, understood, Ta.: liberatum se esse iure iurando, interpretabatur, inferred: consilium ex necessitate, voluntatem ex vi.— Pass: ex quo ita illud somnium esse interpretatum, ut, etc.—To decide, determine: recte an perperam, L.— To translate: recte sententiam.— Pass impers.: uti ex libris Punicis interpretatum nobis est, S.
    * * *
    interpretari, interpretatus sum V DEP
    explain/expound; interpret/prophesy from (dream/omen); understand/comprehend; decide; translate; regard/construe; take view (that); interpret to suit self

    Latin-English dictionary > interpretor

  • 13 necessitās

        necessitās ātis （ gen plur. tātium, Cs.), f    [necesse], unavoidableness, inevitableness, necessity, compulsion, force, exigency: illam a me distrahit necessitas, T.: necessitatis crimen, non voluntatis: necessitati parere: necessitas huius muneris rei p. obvenit: expressa necessitas obsides dandi Romanis, forced upon the Romans, L.: nescio an maiores necessitates vobis fortuna circumdederit, L.: tardi Leti, H.— Fate, destiny, law of nature: divina: ut vita, quae necessitati deberetur: necessitate, naturally: fati, L.: suprema, death, Ta.: mors est necessitas naturae.— Necessity, need, want: suarum necessitatum causā, Cs.: vitae necessitatibus servire: publicae, L.: quod pro honore acceptum etiam necessitatibus subvenit, Ta.— Connection, relationship, friendship: magnam necessitatem possidet paternus sanguis, bond of affection. —Person., the goddess of necessity: saeva, H.
    * * *
    need/necessity; inevitability; difficult straits; poverty; obligation; bond

    Latin-English dictionary > necessitās

  • 14 nectō

        nectō ēxuī, xus, ere    [2 NEC-], to bind, tie, fasten, join, fasten together, connect: tribus nodis ternos colores, V.: Lamiae coronam, weave, H.. sponsae laqueum, H.: flavā caput nectentur olivā, V.: bracchia, clasp, O.: comam myrto, O.—Of debtors, to detain, imprison, bind, fetter, confine: nectier (civīs) postea desitum: ita nexi soluti, cautumque in posterum, ne necterentur, L.: nexi ob aes alienum, L.—Fig., to affix, attach: ut ex alio alia nectantur.— To join, fasten together, connect, interweave: rerum causae aliae ex aliis necessitate nexae: ne cui dolus necteretur a Poeno, contrived, L.: causas inanīs, devise, V.: canoris Eloquium vocale modis, set to harmonious measures, Iu.: tecum iurgio, i. e. quarrel, O.
    * * *
    nectere, nexui, nexus V
    tie, bind

    Latin-English dictionary > nectō

  • 15 ūltimus (ūltumus)

        ūltimus (ūltumus) adj. sup.    [cf. ulterior].— In space, farthest, most distant, most remote, uttermost, extreme, last: (luna) quae ultima a caelo lucebat: in ultimam provinciam se coniecit, the most remote part of the province: maris terrarumque orae, L.: Africa, farthest Africa, H.: quā terrarum ultimas finit Oceanus, L.— Plur m. as subst, the most remote people, those farthest on: recessum primis ultimi non dabant.—As subst n., what is farthest, the most remote, the last, the end: praeponens ultima primis, H.: ultima signant, the goal, V.: extremum atque ultimum mundi.—Of time or order, remotest, earliest, oldest, first, last, latest, final: ultimi temporis recordatio: memoria pueritiae: sanguinis auctor, V.: dies, last, O.: de duro est ultima ferro, O.: necessitate, quae ultimum ac maximum telum est, superiores estis, L.: senatūs consultum, Cs.— Plur n. as subst: perferto et ultima exspectato, the end.—In the phrase, ad ultimum, to the end, at last, lastly, finally: si qualis in cives, talis ad ultimum in liberos esset, L.— Rarely with illud: domos suas ultimum illud visuri, now for the last time, L.—Of degrees or rank, utmost, extreme, highest, first, greatest: summum bonum, quod ultimum appello: ultimae causae cur perirent, etc., H.: periculum, Cu.: inopia, L.: supplicium, i. e. capital punishment, Cs.: discrimen vitae, L.—As subst n.: omnia ultima pati, any extremity, L.—In the phrase, ad ultimum, to the extreme, in the highest degree: fidem ad ultimum fratri praestare, L.: consilium ad ultimum demens, utterly, L.: ad ultimum inopiae adducere, to the last degree, L.: ad ultimum periculi pervenire, Cu.— Lowest, meanest: non ultima laus, H.: vigiliis et labore cum ultimis militum certare, L.

    Latin-English dictionary > ūltimus (ūltumus)

  • 16 vindicō (vend-)

        vindicō (vend-) āvī, ātus, āre    [vindex].—In law, to assert a claim to, demand formally, ask judgment for: puellam in posterum diem, i. e. to take charge of under bonds to appear the next day, L.: ita vindicatur Virginia spondentibus propinquis, L.—To claim as one's own, make a claim upon, demand, claim, arrogate, assume, appropriate omnia iure pro suis vindicare: Homerum Chii suum vindicant: prospera omnes sibi vindicant, adversa uni imputantur, Ta.: victoriae maiore parte ad se vindicatā, L.: Galliae consensio fuit libertatis vindicandae, ut, etc., should be maintained, Cs.: antiquam faciem, reassume, O.—In the phrase, in libertatem vindicare, to claim for freedom, set free, free, emancipate: in libertatem rem populi: rem p. in veterem dignitatem ac libertatem, i. e. to restore: se et populum R. in libertatem, Cs.—To serve as champion, deliver, liberate, protect, defend, save: te ab eo: nos a verberibus: ab hac necessitate vos fortuna vindicat, L.: perpetienda illa fuerunt, ut se aliquando ac suos vindicaret, might protect: quam dura ad saxa revinctam Vindicat Alcides, sets free, O.—To act as avenger, avenge, revenge, punish, take vengeance on, recompense: quo (perfugio), nisi vos vindicatis, utentur necessario: contionibus populum ad vindicandum hortari, S.: quae vindicaris in altero, tibi ipsi fugienda sunt: improborum consensionem supplicio omni: Ti. Gracchi conatūs perditos: necem Crassi, O.: fateor in civīs persaepe esse severe vindicatum: in quos (Venetos) eo gravius Caesar vindicandum statuit, Cs.

    Latin-English dictionary > vindicō (vend-)

  • 17 adfingo

    af-fingo (better adf-), inxi, ictum, 3, v. a., to form, fashion, devise, make, or invent a thing as an addition or appendage to another.
    I.
    Lit. (esp. of artists).
    (α).
    With dat.:

    nec ei manus adfinxit,

    Cic. Tim. 6:

    saepta, adficta villae quae sunt,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 2.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    Nullam partem corporis sine aliquā necessitate adfictam reperietis,

    Cic. Or. 3, 45, 179.—
    II.
    Trop., to make up, frame, invent, to add falsely or without grounds:

    faciam ut intellegatis, quid error adfinxerit, quid invidia conflārit,

    Cic. Clu. 4:

    vitium hoc oculis adfingere noli,

    Lucr. 4, 386:

    neque vera laus ei detracta oratione nostrā, neque falsa adficta esse videatur,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so id. Phil. 1, 3; id. Or. 22; id. Tusc. 3, 33:

    addunt ipsi et adfingunt rumoribus Galli,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    cui crimen adfingeretur,

    might be falsely imputed, Tac. A. 14, 62.—
    III.
    In a general signif.
    A.
    To add or join to, to annex (always with the accessory idea of forming, fashioning, devising):

    sint cubilia gallinarum aut exsculpta aut adficta firmiter,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 7: multa natura aut adfingit ( creating, she adds thereto) aut mutat aut detrahit, Cic. Div. 1, 62, 118:

    tantum alteri adfinxit, de altero limavit,

    id. de Or. 3, 9, 36.—
    B.
    To feign, forge:

    litteras,

    App. M. 4, 139, 34 Elm.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adfingo

  • 18 adtendo

    attendo ( adt-, Dietsch), tendi, tentum, 3, v. a., orig., to stretch something (e. g. the bow) toward something; so only in Appul.: arcum, Met. 2, p. 122, 5.—Hence,
    I.
    In gen., to direct or turn toward, = advertere, admovere: aurem, Att. ap. Non. p. 238, 10; Trag. Rel. p. 173 Rib. (cf. infra, P. a.):

    attendere signa ad aliquid,

    i. e. to affix, Quint. 11, 2, 29 (Halm, aptare); so, manus caelo, to stretch or extend toward, App. Met. 11, p. 263, 5:

    caput eodem attentum,

    Hyg. Astr. 3, 20.—Far more freq.,
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Animum or animos attendere, or absol. attendere, also animo attendere, to direct the attention, apply the mind to something, to attend to, consider, mind, give heed to (cf.: advertere animum, and animadvertere; freq. and class.)
    1.
    With animum or animos: animum ad quaerendum quid siet, Pac. ap. Non. p. 238, 15:

    dictis animum, Lucil. ib.: animum coepi attendere,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28:

    quo tempore aures judex erigeret animumque attenderet?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10:

    si, cum animum attenderis, turpitudinem videas, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 8, 35:

    animum ad cavendum, Nep Alcib 5, 2: jubet peritos linguae attendere animum, pastorum sermo agresti an urbano propior esset,

    Liv. 10, 4: praeterea et nostris animos attendere dictis atque adhibere velis, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 238, 11:

    attendite animos ad ea, quae consequuntur,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 15.—With a rel.-clause as object:

    nunc quid velim, animum attendite,

    Ter. Phorm. prol. 24.—
    2.
    Absol.:

    postquam attendi Magis et vi coepi cogere, ut etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 25:

    rem gestam vobis dum breviter expono, quaeso, diligenter attendite,

    Cic. Mil. 9:

    audi, audi atque attende,

    id. Planc. 41, 98; so id. de Or. 3, 13, 50; Phaedr. 2, 5, 6; Juv. 6, 66; 11, 16 al.—With acc. of the thing or person to which the attention is directed:

    Glaucia solebat populum monere, ut, cum lex aliqua recitaretur, primum versum attenderet,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 6, 14:

    sed stuporem hominis attendite,

    mark the stupidity, id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; so id. de Or. 1, 35, 161; Sall. J. 88, 2; Plin. Ep 6, 8, 8; Luc. 8, 623 al.: me de invidiosis rebus dicentem attendite. Cic. Sull 11, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 10:

    Quā re attendo te studiose,

    id. Fin. 3, 12, 40:

    non attenderunt mandata,

    Vulg. 2 Esdr. 9, 34; ib. Job, 21, 5; ib. Isa. 28, 23.— Pass.:

    versūs aeque prima et media et extrema pars attenditur,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 192. —With inf. or acc. and inf. as object: quid futurum est, si pol ego hanc discere artem attenderim? Pompon. ap. Non. p. 238, 17:

    non attendere superius illud eā re a se esse concessum,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111.—With a rel.clause or a subjunct. with a particle:

    cum attendo, quā prudentiā sit Hortensius,

    Cic. Quinct. 20, 63:

    Hermagoras nec, quid dicat, attendere nec... videatur,

    id. Inv. 1, 6, 8:

    forte lubuit adtendere, quae res maxume tanta negotia sustinuisset,

    Sall. C. 53, 2:

    Oro, parumper Attendas, quantum de legibus queratur etc.,

    Juv. 10, 251:

    attende, cur, etc.,

    Phaedr. 2, prol. 14:

    attendite ut sciatis prudentiam,

    Vulg. Prov. 4, 1:

    Attendite, ne justitiam vestram faciatis etc.,

    ib. Matt. 6, 1; ib. Eccli. 1, 38; 13, 10; 28, 30.— With de:

    cum de necessitate attendemus,

    Cic. Part. Or. 24, 84.—With dat. (post-Aug.):

    sermonibus malignis,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 26:

    cui magis quam Caesari attendant?

    id. Pan. 65, 2; Sil. 8, 591:

    attendit mandatis,

    Vulg. Eccli. 32, 28; ib. Prov. 7, 24:

    attendite vobis,

    take heed to yourselves, ib. Luc. 17, 3; ib. Act. 5, 35; ib. 1 Tim. 4, 16.—So in Suet. several times in the signif. to devote attention to, to study, = studere:

    eloquentiae plurimum attendit,

    Suet. Calig. 53:

    juri,

    id. Galb. 5:

    extispicio,

    id. Ner. 56.—With abl. with ab (after the Gr. prosechein apo tinos;

    eccl. Lat.): attende tibi a pestifero,

    beware of, Vulg. Eccli. 11, 35:

    attendite ab omni iniquo,

    ib. ib. 17, 11; ib. Matt. 7, 15; ib. Luc. 12, 1; 20, 46.—
    3.
    With animo (ante- and post-class. and rare):

    cum animo attendi ad quaerendum, Pac., Trag. Rel. p. 79 Rib.: nunc quid petam, aequo animo attendite,

    Ter. Hec. prol. 20:

    quid istud sit, animo attendatis,

    App. Flor. 9: ut magis magisque attendant animo, Vulg. Eccli. prol.; so,

    in verbis meis attende in corde tuo,

    ib. ib. 16, 25.—
    * B.
    To strive eagerly for something, long for: puer, ne attenderis Petere a me id quod nefas sit concedi tibi, Att. ap. Non. p. 238, 19 (Trag. Rel. p. 173 Rib.).—Hence, attentus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Directed to something, attentive, intent on:

    Ut animus in spe attentus fuit,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 3:

    Quo magis attentas aurīs animumque reposco,

    Lucr. 6, 920:

    Verba per attentam non ibunt Caesaris aurem,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 19:

    si attentos animos ad decoris conservationem tenebimus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 131:

    cum respiceremus attenti ad gentem,

    Vulg. Thren. 4, 17:

    eaque dum animis attentis admirantes excipiunt,

    Cic. Or. 58, 197:

    acerrima atque attentissima cogitatio,

    a very acute and close manner of thinking, id. de Or. 3, 5, 17:

    et attentum monent Graeci a principio faciamus judicem et docilem,

    id. ib. 2, 79, 323; 2, 19, 80; id. Inv. 1, 16, 23; Auct. ad Her. 1, 4:

    Ut patris attenti, lenonis ut insidiosi,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 172:

    judex circa jus attentior,

    Quint. 4, 5, 21.—
    B.
    Intent on, striving after something, careful, frugal, industrious:

    unum hoc vitium fert senectus hominibus: Attentiores sumus ad rem omnes quam sat est,

    Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 48:

    nimium ad rem in senectā attente sumus,

    id. ib. 5, 8, 31:

    tum enim cum rem habebas, quaesticulus te faciebat attentiorem,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7:

    paterfamilias et prudens et attentus,

    id. Quinct. 3:

    Durus, ait, Voltei, nimis attentusque videris Esse mihi,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 91:

    asper et attentus quaesitis,

    id. S. 2, 6, 82:

    vita,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44 Matth.:

    qui in re adventiciā et hereditariā tam diligens, tam attentus esset,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 48:

    antiqui attenti continentiae,

    Val. Max. 2, 5, 5.— Comp.: hortor vos attentiori studio lectionem facere, * Vulg. Eccli. prol.—Hence, adv.: atten-tē, attentively, carefully, etc.:

    attente officia servorum fungi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 14;

    audire,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 5; id. Clu. 3 fin.; id. de Or. 2, 35, 148; id. Brut. 54, 200:

    legere,

    id. Fam. 7, 19:

    parum attente dicere,

    Gell. 4, 15:

    custodire attente,

    Vulg. Jos. 22, 5.— Comp.:

    attentius audire,

    Cic. Clu. 23:

    acrius et attentius cogitare,

    id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

    attentius agere aliquid,

    Sall. C. 52, 18:

    spectare,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 197:

    invicem diligere,

    Vulg. 1 Pet 1, 22.— Sup.:

    attentissime audire,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 259.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adtendo

  • 19 affingo

    af-fingo (better adf-), inxi, ictum, 3, v. a., to form, fashion, devise, make, or invent a thing as an addition or appendage to another.
    I.
    Lit. (esp. of artists).
    (α).
    With dat.:

    nec ei manus adfinxit,

    Cic. Tim. 6:

    saepta, adficta villae quae sunt,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 2.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    Nullam partem corporis sine aliquā necessitate adfictam reperietis,

    Cic. Or. 3, 45, 179.—
    II.
    Trop., to make up, frame, invent, to add falsely or without grounds:

    faciam ut intellegatis, quid error adfinxerit, quid invidia conflārit,

    Cic. Clu. 4:

    vitium hoc oculis adfingere noli,

    Lucr. 4, 386:

    neque vera laus ei detracta oratione nostrā, neque falsa adficta esse videatur,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so id. Phil. 1, 3; id. Or. 22; id. Tusc. 3, 33:

    addunt ipsi et adfingunt rumoribus Galli,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 1:

    cui crimen adfingeretur,

    might be falsely imputed, Tac. A. 14, 62.—
    III.
    In a general signif.
    A.
    To add or join to, to annex (always with the accessory idea of forming, fashioning, devising):

    sint cubilia gallinarum aut exsculpta aut adficta firmiter,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 7: multa natura aut adfingit ( creating, she adds thereto) aut mutat aut detrahit, Cic. Div. 1, 62, 118:

    tantum alteri adfinxit, de altero limavit,

    id. de Or. 3, 9, 36.—
    B.
    To feign, forge:

    litteras,

    App. M. 4, 139, 34 Elm.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > affingo

  • 20 apo

    ăpo (or ăpio, Isid. Orig. 19, 30), ĕre, v. a. [cf.: haptô, apiscor, apex].
    I.
    A.. To fasten, attach, join, bind, tie to (syn.: ligo, adligo, jungo, conjungo, recto): comprehendere antiqui vinculo apere dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. apex, p. 18 Müll.; cf. apex; used only in part. perf. pass. aptus (the P. a. v. infra):

    uteri terrae radicibus apti,

    fastened to the earth, Lucr. 5, 808 (Lachm., terram and apti = adepti):

    bracchia validis ex apta lacertis,

    united with the strong shoulders, id. 4, 829:

    gladium e lacunari setā equinā aptum demitti jussit,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62:

    linguam vinclis de pectore imo aptis moveri,

    Gell. 1, 15.—
    B.
    Trop.: ex aliquā re (like pendere ex aliquā re), depending upon, arising from (so only in Cic.):

    rerum causae aliae ex aliis aptae et necessitate nexae,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 25, 70:

    honestum, ex quo aptum est officium,

    id. Off. 1, 18, 60; id. Fin. 2, 14, 47:

    ex quā re (sc. virtute) una vita omnis apta sit,

    id. Ac. 2, 10, 31:

    causa ex aeternis causis apta,

    id. Fat. 15, 34:

    cui viro ex se apta sunt omnia, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 5, 12, 36 (as transl. of Plat. Menex. p. 302: Hotôi gar andri eis heauton anêrtêtai panta, etc.); cf. id. Fam. 5, 13.—Once also with pendere:

    non ex verbis aptum pendere jus,

    Cic. Caecin. 18.—Also without ex:

    vitā modicā et aptā virtute perfrui,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

    rudentibus apta fortuna,

    id. Tusc. 5, 14, [p. 138] 40.—
    II.
    A.. Joined, bound, or tied together, connected:

    aptum conexum et colligatum significat,

    Non. p. 234, 32 (so most freq. in Lucr.):

    conjugio corporis atque animae consistimus uniter apti,

    Lucr. 3, 846; 5, 555; 5, 558:

    genus... validis aptum per viscera nervis,

    bound together by the strong band of the sinews, id. 5, 928:

    quae memorare queam inter se singlariter apta,

    id. 6, 1067 al.:

    facilius est apta dissolvere quam dissipata conectere,

    Cic. Or. 71, 235:

    quā ex conjunctione caelum ita aptum est, ut, etc.,

    id. Tim. 5:

    qui tam certos caeli motus, tamque omnia inter se conexa et apta viderit,

    id. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Gell. 6, 2. —
    B.
    Trop.:

    omnia inter se apta et conexa,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 19, 53:

    apta inter se et cohaerentia,

    id. N. D 3, 1, 4:

    efficiatur aptum illud, quod fuerit antea diffiuens ac solutum,

    id. Or. 70, 233.— Poet., with abl., endowed, furnished, or ornamented with something: fides alma, apta pinnis, furnished with wings, winged, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105:

    stellis fulgentibus apta caeli domus,

    the abode of heaven studded with glittering stars, Lucr. 6, 357 (cf. id. 5, 1205: stellis micantibus aethera fixum);

    imitated by Verg.: caelum stellis fulgentibus aptum,

    Verg. A. 11, 202, and:

    axis stellis ardentibus aptus,

    id. ib. 4, 482:

    veste signis ingentibus aptā,

    Lucr. 5, 1428:

    magis apta figura,

    id. 2, 814: lucus opacus teneris fruticibus aptus, Varr. ap. Non. p. 235, 9:

    Tyrio prodeat apta sinu,

    Tib. 1, 9, 70.—Hence,
    III.
    aptus, a, um, P. a., pr., fitted to something; hence, suited, suitable, proper, apposite, fit, appropriate, adapted, conformable to (cf. accommodatus and appositus, 2.).
    A.
    In gen.: aptus is, qui convenienter alicui junctus est, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. apex, p. 18 Müll. (so most freq. after the Cic. per.); constr. with ad or dat.; of persons always with dat.
    (α).
    With ad:

    ossa habent commissuras ad stabilitatem aptas,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 139:

    in pulmonibus inest raritas quaedam ad hauriendum spiritum aptissima,

    id. ib. 2, 55, 136:

    locus ad insidias aptior,

    id. Mil. 20:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    castra ad bellum ducendum aptissima,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 37; so Vulg. 1 Par. 7, 40; ib. 2 Par. 26, 13:

    aptum ad proelium,

    ib. 1 Reg. 14, 52:

    fornices in muro erant apti ad excurrendum,

    Liv. 36, 23, 3 al. —
    (β).
    With dat.:

    non omnia rebus sunt omnibus apta,

    Lucr. 6, 961:

    aliis alias animantibus aptas Res,

    id. 6, 773:

    initia apta et accommodata naturae,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 17, 46:

    quod verum, simplex sincerumque sit, id esse naturae hominis aptissimum,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 13:

    haec genera dicendi aptiora sunt adulescentibus,

    id. Brut. 95, 223; so id. ib. 62, 326; id. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; id. Or. 22, 1 al.:

    quod aetati tuae esset aptissimum,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 4; so Nep. Att. 16, 1:

    apta dies sacrificio,

    Liv. 1, 45:

    venti aptiores Romanae quam suae classi,

    id. 25, 37 al.:

    notavi portus puppibus aptos,

    Ov. M. 3, 596; 4, 160:

    armis apta magis tellus,

    Prop. 4, 22, 19:

    aptum equis Argos,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 9:

    apta vinculo conjugali,

    Vulg. Ruth, 1, 12; ib. Luc. 9, 62:

    aptus amicis,

    Hor. S. 2, 5, 43 et saep.— Other constrr.:
    (γ).
    With in (cf. Rudd. II. p. 96, n. 60):

    in quod (genus pugnae) minime apti sunt,

    Liv. 38, 21:

    formas deus aptus in omnes,

    apt for, easily changed into, Ov. M. 14, 765:

    in ceteros apta usus,

    Vulg. Deut. 20, 20:

    vasa apta in interitum,

    ib. Rom. 9, 22.—
    (δ).
    With qui (cf. Zumpt, §

    568): nulla videbatur aptior persona, quae de illā aetate loqueretur,

    Cic. Am. 1, 4:

    est mihi, quae lanas molliat, apta manus,

    Ov. H. 3, 70.—
    (ε).
    Poet., with inf:

    (Circe) apta cantu veteres mutare figuras,

    Tib. 4, 1, 63:

    aetas mollis et apta regi,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 10.— Esp. freq.,
    (ζ).
    Absol., Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 235, 16:

    amor,

    Prop. 4, 22, 42:

    saltus,

    Ov. M. 2, 498:

    ars,

    Tib. 1, 7, 60:

    apta oscula,

    Tib. 1, 4, 54; Ov. H. 15, 132:

    lar aptus,

    an extensive, satisfying possession, Hor. C. 1, 12, 43.—So in prose:

    aptus exercitus,

    an army good in fight, ready for battle, Liv. 10, 25:

    tempus aptum,

    the right time, id. 35, 19; so Vulg. Eccli. 20, 6 al.—
    B.
    Esp., in rhet., of the fitness, appropriateness of discourse:

    quid aptum sit, hoc est quid maxime decens in oratione,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210; so apta oratio, which has the appropriate rhet. fulness and periodic rounding: numerosa et apta oratio, id. Or. 50, 168; cf. id. ib. 50, 70; so id. Brut. 17, 68:

    Thucydides verbis aptus et pressus,

    exact and brief in expression, id. de Or. 2, 13, 56.—Hence, aptē, adv., closely, fitly, suitably, nicely, rightly.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Absol.:

    atque ita apte cohaeret (mundi corpus), ut etc.,

    Cic. Tim. 5: altera est nexa cum superiore et inde apteque pendens, id. ap. Non. p. 235, 18:

    capiti apte reponere,

    Liv. 1, 34, 8.—
    B.
    With ad:

    apte convenire ad pedem,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 46.— Sup.,
    C.
    With inter:

    ut inter se quam aptissime cohaereant extrema (verba) cum primis etc.,

    Cic. Or. 44, 149.—
    II.
    Trop., fitly, suitably, properly, duly, rightly.
    A.
    Absol.:

    facile judicabimus, quid eorum apte fiat,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 146:

    quod est oratoris proprium, apte, distincte, ornate dicere,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

    apte et quiete ferre,

    id. ib. 4, 17, 38:

    non equite apte locato,

    Liv. 4, 37, 8:

    Qui doceant, apte quid tibi possit emi,

    Ov. Am. 1, 8, 88:

    nec aliter imperium apte regi potest,

    Curt. 8, 8, 13:

    floribus compositis apte et utiliter,

    Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 46. — Comp.:

    qualia aptius suis referentur locis,

    Plin. 2, 62, 62, § 153:

    Aptius haec puero, quam tibi, dona dabis,

    Mart. 13, 26.—
    B.
    With dat.:

    si quid exierit numeris aptius,

    Quint. 10, 12, 26.— Sup.:

    seruntur Parilibus tamen aptissime,

    Plin. 19, 3, 24, § 69.—
    C.
    With ad:

    (ut) ad rerum dignitatem apte et quasi decore (loquamur),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 32, 144:

    spolia ducis hostium caesi suspensa fabricato ad id apte ferculo gerens,

    Liv. 1, 10, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > apo

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