-
41 дарба
gift, talentдарба за ориентиране a hump of localityимам/проявявам дарба за have/reveal a gift forчовек с много дарби a man of many talents, a versatile man* * *да̀рба,ж., -и gift, talent; \дарбаа за ориентиране hump of locality; имам \дарбаа за езици be a good linguist; музикална \дарбаа talent for music; природна \дарбаа natural endowment/ability, aptitude; човек с много \дарбаи man of many talents, versatile man.* * *ability ; competence ; endowment ; flair {flexr}; gift ; talent: а дарба for music - музикална дарба* * *1. gift, talent 2. ДАРБА за ориентиране a hump of locality 3. имам ДАРБА за езици be a good linguist 4. имам/проявявам ДАРБА за have/reveal a gift for 5. музикална ДАРБА a talent for music 6. природна ДАРБА a natural endowment/ability 7. човек с много дарби a man of many talents, a versatile man -
42 غير
غَيْر \ another: a different one: We’ll go there another time. If this hat does not fit, try another. besides: as well as: I have two brothers besides John.. other: (in comparisons) different: He likes French cigarettes and won’t smoke any other kind. This side is dry; the other side is wet. I can’t do it now; I have other things to do. short of: less than; other than: Nothing short of a new government will save the country. un-: giving an opposite sense: ‘Unlikely’ means ‘not likely’. \ See Also آخر (آخَر) \ غَيْرُ أَجْوَف \ solid: not hollow: without holes: a solid rubber ball. \ See Also صلب (صُلْب) \ غَيْرُ أَكيد \ faint: (of thoughts and feelings) weak; uncertain: I haven’t the faintest idea where she is. uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ See Also ضعيف (ضَعِيف)، غير مؤكّد \ غَيْرُ أمْلَس \ rough: not smooth: a rough road; a rough surface. \ غَيْرُ آمن \ insecure: not safe; not supported or able to support other things: Be careful of that door - the lock is very insecure. \ غَيْرُ أُمِّيّ \ literate: able to read and write. \ غَيْرَ أنَّ \ but: yet: He came but she did not. I need food but I have no money to buy any. She is thin but strong. only: but: She wanted to buy it, only she had no money. \ غَيْرُ أهل للثّقة \ suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ بالِغ \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ بهيج \ dull: (of weather or colour) not clean or bright; cloudy: a dull day; a dull blue. \ غَيْرُ جاهز للعَمَل \ out of training: not in good condition. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ plain: (of people) not good-looking: He was a nice boy, but rather plain and not very clever. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ homely: (of people, faces, etc.) not goodlooking. \ See Also جذاب (جذّاب) \ غَيْرُ حادّ \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. \ غَيْرُ حَذِر \ unwary: (esp. as a noun with the) careless; not looking out for danger or deceit: ‘Easy’ questions in an exam are often a trap for the unwary (or for unwary people). \ غَيْرُ حقيقي \ unreal: imaginary; not related to facts. \ غَيْرُ دقيق \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ ذلك \ else: other (together with the first one); besides: Who else came? Did you look anywhere else, or only under the bed?, other (instead of the first one); instead Let’s talk about something else. Peter was ill, so someone else came. If there’s no coffee, what else can I drink?. otherwise: differently: I thought it was true, but they thought otherwise. \ غَيْرُ رَسْمِيّ \ informal: without ceremony or special dress: The prince paid an informal visit to the town. private: not official; not concerning one’s work; concerning one’s home and family: In his private life, the actor is rather quiet, although in the play he is loud and angry. \ غَيْرُ سَارّ \ bad, worse, worst: (of news, weather, etc.) unpleasant. \ غَيْرُ سالِك \ impassable: (of roads) unfit for use; blocked (by snow, mud, etc.). \ غَيْرُ سَكران \ sober: not under the control of alcohol; not drunk: A car driver ought to be sober. \ غَيْرُ سليمة \ broken, break: (of language) incorrectly spoken by a foreigner: broken English. \ غَيْرُ شَرْعِيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. illegitimate: (of a child) born to a mother who is not married. \ غَيْرُ شريف \ crooked: dishonest. \ غَيْرُ شَفّاف \ opaque: not allowing light to pass through it: opaque glass. \ غَيْرُ صافٍ \ gross: (of figures or amounts) whole, before subtracting anything; the opposite of net: Your gross pay is the amount before tax is paid. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح للاستعمال \ out of order: not working: I couldn’t ring you up yesterday because our telephone was out of order. \ غَيْرُ صالح للأَكل \ inedible: not fit to eat. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح لِلْعَمَل \ out of action: not working; out of order: This telephone is out of action. \ غَيْرُ صِحّي \ insanitary: so dirty that health is put at risk: an insanitary kitchen. \ غَيْرُ صحيح \ false: wrong; incorrect: a false idea. \ غَيْرُ صَحيح \ unsound: not in good condition, not satisfactory: unsound teeth; an unsound explanation. \ See Also سَليم \ غَيْرُ ضَارّ \ harmless: causing no harm; gentle: A lamb is a harmless creature. Is this insect poison harmless to people?. \ غَيْرُ ضروريّ \ needless: useless; unnecessary (trouble, expense etc.). \ غَيْرُ طاهر \ impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ طَبيعِيّ \ artificial: adj. (of teeth, light, silk, etc.) not natural; made by man. False: not natural: false teeth. weird: very strange. \ غَيْرُ عَادِيّ \ abnormal: different from what is natural or usual: It is abnormal to have only 3 fingers on one hand. exceptional: unusual: That book is an exeptional one. It was an exceptionally hot summer. peculiar: unusual strange. remarkable: surprising; unusual and worth noticing: a remarkable change; a remarkably goodlooking child. unusual: not usual; strange. \ غَيْرُ عالِم بِـ \ ignorant of: not having heard about (a particular thing): I was ignorant of his plans. \ غَيْرُ عَمَليّ \ theoretical: adj. of theories; not learned from experience; supposed; not proved: I have only a theoretical knowledge of cooking from reading cookery books. \ غَيْرُ فَعّال \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ قابل للتصديق (غير معقول) \ incredible: too strange to be believed; unbelievable: an incredible story. \ غَيْرُ قادِر \ incapable: not able to do sth.; not having the power or nature to do sth.: flowers are incapable of growing without light. She is incapable of being unkind to people. \ غَيْرُ قادِر على الحركة \ numb: having no feeling: My fingers were numb with cold. \ غَيْرُ قانونيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. wrongful: unjust; unlawful: wrongful imprisonment. \ غَيْرُ كافٍ \ insufficient: not enough (in power, ability, etc.): insufficient knowledge; insufficient food. lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. scanty: (of a supply, of clothing, etc.) very small; not enough: He was too scantily dressed to keep warm. \ غَيْرُ كامِل \ incomplete: not complete; not perfect: This piece of work is incomplete - please finish it. His explanation is incomplete - it doesn’t explain all the facts. \ غَيْرُ كَثِيف \ sparse: thinly scattered: sparse hair; sparse grass. \ غَيْرُ كُفْء \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ لائق \ beneath sb.’s dignity: unsuitable for sb. to do: It was beneath the teacher’s dignity to sweep the classroom. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. \ غَيْرُ لَبِق \ awkward: (of manner or movement) showing difficulty; not skilful: He is too awkward on his feet to be a dancer. tactless: showing no understanding or skill in dealing with others: a tactless person; a tactless statement. \ غَيْرُ مُؤَدَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. \ غَيْرُ مُؤذٍ \ innocent: harmless: innocent amusements. \ غَيْرُ مؤكَّد \ uncertain: not certain; doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ غَيْرُ مُؤلم \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ مأْلوف \ queer: strange, unusually and not understood: a queer noise. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَأْهول \ desert: (of an island) with nobody living on it. wild: (of plants, creatures, land, etc.) in a natural state, not under the control of man. \ غَيْرُ مُبَاشِر \ indirect: not straight or directly joined to; meaning something which is not directly said: an indirect road; the indirect result of an action; an indirect answer. \ غَيْرُ مُبَالٍ \ indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مَبْتُوت بأمْرِه \ pending: (of a doubtful matter, esp. in court) not yet settled. \ غَيْرُ مُبْهَم \ definite: certain; clear: a definite promise; a definite plan of action. \ غَيْرُ متأكِّد \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ غَيْرُ مُتَجَانِس \ odd: mixed; different from each other: a boxful of odd tools; two odd shoes (not a pair). \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَرِّك \ stationary: not moving: a stationary vehicle. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَفِّظ \ outspoken: (of sb. or his speech) saying just what one thinks, although it may annoy some people. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَمِّس \ cool: unfriendly; They gave us rather a cool welcome. \ غَيْرُ متحمّس لِـ \ half-hearted: not eager; showing little effort or interest: He made a half-hearted attempt at the work. \ غَيْرُ مُتَرَابِط \ scrappy: made of scraps; incomplete; badly arranged: a scrappy meal; a scrappy report. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل \ intermittent: repeatedly stopping and starting; not continuous: intermittent rain. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل بِـ \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُتَطَرِّف \ moderate: reasonable (in size or amount; in one’s customs or opinions, etc.); neither too big nor too small; neither too much nor too little: moderate prices; moderate political aims. \ غَيْرُ مُتقَن \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ مُتْقَن (للشيء أو العمل) \ sloppy: (of a person) lacking effort or spirit; weakly lazy; (of a substance) wet and loose: a sloppy piece of work; a sloppy paste. \ غَيْرُ مُتَكَلّف \ homely: simple and friendly; making one feel at home: This little hotel has a homely feeling. \ غَيْرُ مُتَمدِّن (إنسان) \ savage: old use sb. living in an undeveloped society, seen as fierce and wild and likely to attack strangers. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَازِن \ top-heavy: so heavy at the top that it is likely to fall over: a top heavy load. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَافر \ out of stock: not in stock. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَقَّع \ abrupt: (of movement, change, etc.) sudden and unexpected: an abrupt change of plan. unexpected: not expected; surprising that one did not think would happen: an unexpected present; something quite unexpected. \ غَيْرُ مُجْدٍ \ vain: useless; unsuccessful: a vain attempt. ineffective: not able to produce the desired effect: This medicine is quite ineffective. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَرِف \ amateur: one who works or plays for pleasure, not for money: an amateur actor. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَمَل \ improbable: not likely to happen: That is an improbable idea. intolerable: (of heat, annoyance, rudeness, etc.) more than one can bear. \ غَيْرُ مُحَدَّد \ indefinite: adj. not clear; not fixed in time: indefinite ideas; at an indefinite date. \ غَيْرُ مَحْدُود \ infinite: endless; not measurable: I have infinite faith in his abilities. This is infinitely better than that. The infinite space of the sky. whole-hearted: full, unlimited, eager and willing: His plan had their whole-hearted support. \ غَيْرُ مُدْرِك \ unaware: not knowing: I was unaware of all the facts. He was unaware of the danger he was in. \ غَيْرُ مَرْئيّ \ invisible: unable to be seen: The sun remained invisible behind the heavy clouds. unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُرَاعٍ لشُعور الآخرين \ thoughtless: careless; not troubling about the future or about other people: a thoughtless waste of money; thoughtless cruelty. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has came undone. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ loose: not tied; not contained in sth.: The sweets were sold loose, not packed in tins. \ See Also مقيد (مُقيَّد) \ غَيْرُ مُرْتاح \ uneasy: anxious, uncomfortable. \ غَيْرُ مُرَتَّب \ dishevelled: (of a person’s appearance, esp. hair) untidy. \ غَيْرُ مُرَكَّز \ watery: like water; containing too much water: watery milk. weak: (of liquids like tea or coffee) lacking taste or strength, because of too much water or milk. \ غَيْرُ مُريح \ inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. uncomfortable: not comfortable: This chair is very uncomfortable. I’m very uncomfortable in it. \ غَيْرُ مَسْؤُول \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَحَبّ \ unpleasant: not pleasing or enjoyable; (of people) wanting to quarrel; unkind: What an unpleasant smell! The heat of summer can be very unpleasant. That man was rather unpleasant to me. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَخْدَم \ obsolete: no longer used; out of date: an obsolete word; an obsolete custom. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَعْمَل \ archaic: very old; (esp. of words) no longer used. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَوٍ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. rugged: rough and rocky: a rugged coast; rugged cliffs. \ غَيْرُ مُسْرَج \ bareback: (in riding horses, etc.) without a proper leather seat: The boys rode bareback. \ غَيْرُ مُسْكِر (للشَّراب) \ soft: (of drinks) not alcoholic. \ غَيْرُ مَشْرُوع \ foul: (in sport) disobeying the rules: Foul play. The whistle was blown for a foul. \ غَيْرُ مشغول \ free: not busy; not in use: If you’re free this evening, let’s go to the cinema. Is this seat free?. \ غَيْرُ مُصابٍ بِأَذى \ intact: not touched; not damaged or broken; complete: The box was broken but the contents were intact. \ غَيْرُ مَصْقول \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. coarse: (of people and their manners) rough; rude: a coarse fellow; a coarse laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُصَنَّع \ crude: in its natural state: crude oil. \ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوع \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has come undone. \ See Also منجز (مُنْجَز) \ غَيْرُ مطبوخ \ raw: uncooked: raw meat. \ غَيْرُ مُطْلَق \ relative: comparative: the relative values of gold and iron. \ غَيْرُ مُعَدّ \ rambling: (of speeches, stories, etc.) not planned; wandering aimlessly: He wrote a long rambling letter about his troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُعَشَّق \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ مُعَقَّد \ simple: plain; not fine or grand: We lead a simple life in the country. \ See Also منمق (مُنَمَّق)، متكلف (مُتَكَلَّف) \ غَيْرُ مَعْقُول \ absurd: not at all sensible; foolish: The singer’s absurd clothes made us laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُغَطّى \ naked: not protected by a cover: naked sword; a naked light (whose flame is therefore dangerous). \ غَيْرُ مُفيد \ useless: worthless; fulfilling no purpose; without effect. \ غَيْرُ مَقْرُوء \ illegible: difficult or impossible to read (because the letters or figures cannot be clearly seen). \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ open: not limited: The next race is open to children of any age. It’s an open race. \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ wanton: carelessly uncontrolled;with no good reason; wild or playful, with bad resutls: Wanton behaviour causes wanton damage. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرِث \ careless: not taking care: Careless drivers cause accidents. indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرَث بِه \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُلائِم \ adverse: unfavourable: an adverse report; adverse winds that delay sailing. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. \ غَيْرُ مُمطِر \ dry: not wet; with no rain; with no water: a dry cloth; dry weather; a dry river. \ غَيْرُ ممكِن \ impossible: not possible. \ غَيْرُ مُمَيّز \ indiscriminate: not choosing carefully: He invited people indiscriminately to his party. \ غَيْرُ مناسب \ wrong: not correct; mistaken; unsuitable: That’s the wrong answer, and the wrong way to do it. She came in the wrong clothes for riding. \ See Also ملائم (مُلائِم) \ غَيْرُ مُنْطَبِق على \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُنَظَّم \ random: not planned, not regular: random visits to the city. \ See Also غَيْر مُخَطَّط \ غَيْرُ مَنْظُور \ unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُهْتَمّ به \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُهَذَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَوْثوق \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ مُوجِع \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ موجُود \ lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. \ غَيْرُ مَوْصُول بالمُحَرِّك \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ ناضج \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ نِظاميّ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. \ غَيْرُ نَقِيّ \ cloudy: (of liquids) not clear. impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ واثِق \ uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. \ غَيْرُ واثِق من نفْسه \ insecure: feeling afraid and not sure of oneself: He’s a very insecure person, and so he always thinks other people don’t like him. \ غَيْرُ واضِح \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. vague: not clearly seen or expressed or understood; (of people) having no clear ideas: She made a vague statement. He’s rather vague about his duties. \ غَيْرُ واقعي \ fictitious: imagined; not a fact; not true: a fictitious character in a book. \ غَيْرُ وِدّي \ icy: (of a voice or manner) very cold; very unfriendly. cold: unfriendly: a cold welcome; a cold heart. -
43 pobre
adj.1 poor (necesitado).2 poor (desdichado).¡pobre hombre! poor man!¡pobre de mí! poor me!pobre de aquél que se atreva a comerse mi ración woe betide anyone who dares to eat my portion3 poor (mediocre, defectuoso).4 poor (escaso).una dieta pobre en proteínas a diet with a low protein contentesta región es pobre en recursos naturales this region lacks natural resourcesf. & m.1 poor person (sin dinero, infeliz).los pobres the poor, poor people¡el pobre! poor thing!la pobre está siempre luchando por dar de comer a sus hijos the poor woman is forever struggling to keep her children fed2 beggar (mendigo).* * *► adjetivo1 (gen) poor2 (infeliz) poor■ ¡ojalá estuviera aquí tu pobre padre! if only your dear father were here now!■ ¡ay, pobre de mí, que vieja estoy ya! poor old me, I'm getting old!1 (con poco dinero) poor person; (mendigo) beggar2 (infeliz) poor thing■ la pobre se cree que le van a devolver el dinero the poor thing thinks she is going to get her money back\no salir de pobres familiar to be condemned to eternal poverty* * *adj.1) poor2) weak* * *1. ADJ1) [persona, familia, barrio] poor2) (=escaso) poor3) [indicando compasión] poor¡pobre hombre! — poor man!, poor fellow!
¡pobre Francisco! — poor old Francisco!
¡pobre de mí! — poor me!
¡pobre de él! — poor man!, poor fellow!
¡pobre de ti si te pillo! — you'll be sorry if I catch you!
pobre diablo — poor wretch, poor devil
2. SMF1) (=necesitado) poor person; (=mendigo) beggarlos pobres — the poor, poor people
un pobre pedía dinero — a beggar o poor man was asking for money
2) [indicando compasión] poor thing* * *I1)a) <persona/barrio/nación> poor; < vestimenta> poor, shabbyb) ( escaso) < vocabulario> poor, limitedpobre EN algo: aguas pobres en minerales — water with a low mineral content
d) < tierra> poor2) (delante del n) ( digno de compasión) poorpobrecito, tiene hambre — poor little thing, he's hungry
pobre de ti si lo tocas! — if you touch it, you'll be for it
•IImasculino y femenino1) ( necesitado) poor person, pauper (arch)sacar de pobre — (fam) to make... rich
salir de pobre — (fam) to get somewhere in the world
2) ( expresando compasión) poor thing•* * *= poor [poorer -comp., poorest -sup.], weak [weaker -comp., weakest -sup.], denuded, penurious, impoverished, impecunious, down-and-out, destitute, pauper.Ex. Examples are generally poor or obscure (often in Latin or German).Ex. Problems arise from weak or outmoded structuring of subjects in the schedules of DC.Ex. Which is a more effective location is a question that can be explored, but we do need to avoid the situation faced by other in situations developed in past ages, like the Church of England, whose physical plant (the church buildings) is over-provided for the denuded rural areas and under-provided for the city.Ex. The article is entitled 'Periodicals: proliferation, pricing and the penurious librarian'.Ex. Many books contain inaccuracies and generalisations about Africa, perpetuating stereotypes e.g. that of the malnourished, impoverished African.Ex. Despite its impecunious state and lack of a home until 1928, the UK Library Association remained confident about the future of libraries and librarianship.Ex. The story is based on an overheard conversation between a well-meaning librarian and a down-and-out old man seeking validation for his unpublished poetry.Ex. The clarity of his drawings contrasts sharply with the total alienation in which he lived as a destitute mental patient with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia.Ex. Gavarni's illustrations of waifs, paupers, and beggars were later published separately, with captions added by the artist.----* aprendizaje pobre en inteligencia = knowledge-sparse learning.* asilo de pobres = almshouse.* barrio de los pobres = lower town.* barrios pobres del centro de la ciudad = inner city.* estilo pobre = impoverished style.* excusa muy pobre = lame excuse.* los más pobres + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* pariente pobre = poor relation.* pobre en información = info-poor.* pobre en recursos = resource-poor.* pobre hombre = poor fellow.* pobres = have-nots.* pobres en información = information have-nots.* pobres en información, los = information-poor, the.* pobres en tecnología, los = technical poor, the.* pobres, los = poor, the.* pobre verbalmente = verbally impoverished.* pretexto muy pobre = lame excuse.* ricos y los pobres, los = haves and the have-nots, the.* * *I1)a) <persona/barrio/nación> poor; < vestimenta> poor, shabbyb) ( escaso) < vocabulario> poor, limitedpobre EN algo: aguas pobres en minerales — water with a low mineral content
d) < tierra> poor2) (delante del n) ( digno de compasión) poorpobrecito, tiene hambre — poor little thing, he's hungry
pobre de ti si lo tocas! — if you touch it, you'll be for it
•IImasculino y femenino1) ( necesitado) poor person, pauper (arch)sacar de pobre — (fam) to make... rich
salir de pobre — (fam) to get somewhere in the world
2) ( expresando compasión) poor thing•* * *= poor [poorer -comp., poorest -sup.], weak [weaker -comp., weakest -sup.], denuded, penurious, impoverished, impecunious, down-and-out, destitute, pauper.Ex: Examples are generally poor or obscure (often in Latin or German).
Ex: Problems arise from weak or outmoded structuring of subjects in the schedules of DC.Ex: Which is a more effective location is a question that can be explored, but we do need to avoid the situation faced by other in situations developed in past ages, like the Church of England, whose physical plant (the church buildings) is over-provided for the denuded rural areas and under-provided for the city.Ex: The article is entitled 'Periodicals: proliferation, pricing and the penurious librarian'.Ex: Many books contain inaccuracies and generalisations about Africa, perpetuating stereotypes e.g. that of the malnourished, impoverished African.Ex: Despite its impecunious state and lack of a home until 1928, the UK Library Association remained confident about the future of libraries and librarianship.Ex: The story is based on an overheard conversation between a well-meaning librarian and a down-and-out old man seeking validation for his unpublished poetry.Ex: The clarity of his drawings contrasts sharply with the total alienation in which he lived as a destitute mental patient with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia.Ex: Gavarni's illustrations of waifs, paupers, and beggars were later published separately, with captions added by the artist.* aprendizaje pobre en inteligencia = knowledge-sparse learning.* asilo de pobres = almshouse.* barrio de los pobres = lower town.* barrios pobres del centro de la ciudad = inner city.* estilo pobre = impoverished style.* excusa muy pobre = lame excuse.* los más pobres + Nombre = the poorest + Nombre.* pariente pobre = poor relation.* pobre en información = info-poor.* pobre en recursos = resource-poor.* pobre hombre = poor fellow.* pobres = have-nots.* pobres en información = information have-nots.* pobres en información, los = information-poor, the.* pobres en tecnología, los = technical poor, the.* pobres, los = poor, the.* pobre verbalmente = verbally impoverished.* pretexto muy pobre = lame excuse.* ricos y los pobres, los = haves and the have-nots, the.* * *A1 ‹persona/barrio/vivienda› poor; ‹vestimenta› poor, shabby; ‹nación› poorsomos muy pobres we are very poorlos sectores más pobres de la población the poorest o the most deprived sectors of the population2 (escaso) poor, limitedtiene un vocabulario muy pobre she has a very poor o limited vocabularypobre EN algo:aguas pobres en minerales water with a low mineral content3 (mediocre) ‹examen/trabajo› poor; ‹salud› poor, badindica una comprensión pobre de la obra it shows a poor understanding of the workun argumento bastante pobre a rather weak argumentsu actuación en el festival fue bastante pobre his performance at the festival was fairly mediocre o rather poor¡qué chiste más pobre! what a pathetic o terrible joke! ( colloq)4 ‹tierra› poorB ( delante del n) (digno de compasión) poortu pobre padre your poor fatherpobrecito, tiene hambre poor little thing, he's hungryse está quedando ciego, pobrecillo he's going blind, poor thing o poor man o poor devil¡pobre de mí! poor (old) me!¡pobre de ti si vuelves a tocarlo! if you touch it again, you'll be for it!, I wouldn't like to be in your shoes if you touch it againun pobre desgraciado a poor devilCompuesto:(infeliz) poor devil; (necesitado) poor soulA (necesitado) poor person, pauper ( arch)los pobres the poorse le acercó un pobre pidiendo limosna a poor beggar came up to her asking for moneysacar de pobre ( fam); to make … richsalir de pobre ( fam); to get somewhere in the worldnunca saldrás de pobre con ese hombre you'll never get rich o get on o get anywhere with him ( colloq)B (expresando compasión) poor thingla pobre está siempre sola the poor thing's always on her ownel pobre se está quedando sordo the poor thing o the poor man o the poor devil is going deafla pobre de la abuela está muy enferma poor grandmother's very illCompuesto:( Bib):los pobres de espíritu the poor in spirit* * *
pobre adjetivo
1
‹ vestimenta› poor, shabby
‹ salud› poor, bad;
‹ argumento› weak
2 ( delante del n) ( digno de compasión) poor;
pobre, tiene hambre poor thing, he's hungry;
¡pobre de mí! poor (old) me!
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( necesitado) poor person, pauper (arch);
pobre
I adjetivo poor: su vocabulario es muy pobre, his vocabulary is very poor
II mf poor person
los pobres, the poor
' pobre' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
barriada
- bendita
- bendito
- desgraciada
- desgraciado
- infeliz
- miserable
- necesitada
- necesitado
- neurona
- papelón
- pedazo
- quebrantar
- sórdida
- sórdido
- suburbio
- ángel
- desdichado
- malo
English:
bargain for
- bargain on
- down-and-out
- effort
- flimsy
- pauper
- poor
- shabby
- sod
- thing
- yet
- feeble
- hand
- impoverished
- lame
- low
- pathetic
- penniless
- skimpy
* * *♦ adj1. [necesitado] poor;un país pobre a poor country;Fammás pobre que las ratas as poor as a church mouse2. [desdichado] poor;el pobre bebé estaba llamando a su mamá the poor little baby was calling for its mother;¡pobre hombre! poor man!;¡pobre de mí! poor me!;pobre de aquél que se atreva a comerse mi ración woe betide anyone who dares to eat my portion;pobre de ti como te dejes engañar por sus encantos God help you if you fall for her charms3. [mediocre, defectuoso] poor;utilizó un razonamiento muy pobre the arguments she gave were very weak o poor4. [escaso] poor;utiliza un léxico muy pobre she has a very poor vocabulary;una dieta pobre en proteínas a diet lacking in protein;esta región es pobre en recursos naturales this region lacks natural resources5. [poco fértil] poor♦ nmf1. [sin dinero] poor person;los pobres the poor, poor people2. [infeliz]¡el pobre! poor thing!;la pobre está siempre luchando por dar de comer a sus hijos the poor woman is forever struggling to keep her children fed;el pobre no consigue aprobar el examen the poor thing just can't seem to pass the exam3. [mendigo] beggar* * *pobre hombre poor man;¡pobre de mí! poor me!II m/f poor person;los pobres the poor* * *pobre adj1) : poor, impoverished2) : unfortunate¡pobre de mí!: poor me!3) : weak, deficientuna dieta pobre: a poor dietpobre nmf: poor personlos pobres: the poor¡pobre!: poor thing!* * *pobre1 adj poorpobre2 n2. (desgraciado) poor thing¡pobrecito! poor little thing! -
44 scienza
f science* * *scienza s.f.1 science: il progresso della scienza, scientific progress; i principi generali della scienza, the general principles of science; scienza pura, esatta, pure, exact science; scienze politiche, sociali, political, social science; scienze economiche, economics (o economic science); scienza del diritto, jurisprudence; scienze naturali, natural science; scienza delle costruzioni, construction theory; scienza delle finanze, public finance; scienze occulte, occult arts // uomo di scienza, man of science // la scienza di far quattrini, the art of making money // avere la scienza infusa, to be a know-it-all2 ( conoscenza) knowledge* * *['ʃɛntsa]sostantivo femminile1) sciencel'ora di -e — scol. science lesson o class
2) (conoscenza) knowledge•- e politiche — politics
- e sociali — social science, social studies
* * *scienza/'∫εntsa/sostantivo f.2 (conoscenza) knowledge; un uomo di scienza a man of learning; crede di avere la scienza infusa he thinks he knows everythingscienza dell'informazione information science; - e della comunicazione communication science; - e economiche economics; - e della formazione education; - e naturali natural sciences; - e occulte black o occult arts; - e politiche politics; - e sociali social science, social studies. -
45 llano
adj.1 level, even, smooth, flat.2 plain, crisp, clear, unambiguous.3 open, frank, aboveboard, apparent.4 plain, bald, unadorned.m.plain.* * *► adjetivo1 (plano) flat, even, level2 (franco) open, frank3 (sencillo) simple1 (llanura) plain\en llano,-a plainly————————1 (llanura) plain* * *1. (f. - llana)adj.1) even, flat2) plain, simple2. noun m.* * *1. ADJ1) [superficie, terreno] (=sin desniveles) flat; (=no inclinado) level2) (=sencillo) [persona, trato] straightforward; [estilo, lenguaje] simpleen lenguaje llano — in plain language o terms
3)palabra llana — word with the stress on the penultimate syllable
2.SM plainLos Llanos — Ven (Geog) Venezuelan Plains
* * *I- na adjetivo1) <terreno/superficie> ( horizontal) flat; ( sin desniveles) evenlos 100 metros llanos — (RPl) the 100 meters dash o sprint
3) < palabra> with the stress on the penultimate syllableIIa) (Geog) ( llanura) plainb) ( extensión de terreno) area of flat ground* * *= flat [flatter -comp., flattest -sup.], earthy [earthier -comp., earthiest -sup.].Ex. The film-strip may roll sideways a little as a canister is removed if they are housed on flat shelves.Ex. He is earthy, charismatic, a man of the people, & profoundly humane.----* en llano = on the flat.* * *I- na adjetivo1) <terreno/superficie> ( horizontal) flat; ( sin desniveles) evenlos 100 metros llanos — (RPl) the 100 meters dash o sprint
3) < palabra> with the stress on the penultimate syllableIIa) (Geog) ( llanura) plainb) ( extensión de terreno) area of flat ground* * *= flat [flatter -comp., flattest -sup.], earthy [earthier -comp., earthiest -sup.].Ex: The film-strip may roll sideways a little as a canister is removed if they are housed on flat shelves.
Ex: He is earthy, charismatic, a man of the people, & profoundly humane.* en llano = on the flat.* * *A ‹terreno/superficie› (horizontal) flat; (sin desniveles) level, evenlos 100 metros llanos ( RPl); the 100 metersB ‹persona› unassuming, straightforward; ‹modales/trato› simple, natural, unassuming; ‹lenguaje› plain, straightforward, simplela verdad lisa y llana the truth, plain and simple o the plain truthC ‹palabra› with the stress on the penultimate syllable2 (extensión de terreno) area of flat ground* * *
llano 1◊ -na adjetivo
( sin desniveles) even;◊ los 100 metros llanos (RPl) the 100 meters dash o sprint
‹ trato› natural;
‹ lenguaje› plain
llano 2 sustantivo masculino
llano,-a adjetivo
1 (sin desniveles, plano) flat, level
2 (campechano) straightforward 3 el pueblo llano, the common people
4 (explicación, estilo, etc) clear
' llano' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
llana
- rasa
- raso
- rellano
- llanero
- plato
English:
even
- flat
- level
- plain
- shallow
- dinner
- mostly
* * *llano, -a♦ adj1. [campo, superficie] flat;un plato llano a (dinner) plate;Amlos 400 metros llanos the 400 metres2. [trato, persona] natural, straightforward3. [pueblo, clase] ordinary4. [lenguaje, expresión] simple, plain5. Gram = stressed on the last syllable♦ nm[llanura] plain; Col, Venlos Llanos = name of vast region of tropical plains, mainly in Venezuela and Colombia* * *I adj1 terreno level3 palabra stressed on the penultimate syllableII m flat ground* * *llano, -na adj1) : even, flat2) : frank, open3) liso: plain, simplellano nm: plain* * *llano1 adj2. (sencillo) simplellano2 n plain -
46 лице
1. face; sl. mugс лицето напред end onказвам нещо в лицето на някого say s.th. to s.o.'s faceизсмивам се в лицето на някого laugh in s.o.'s faceобръщам се с лице към face, make front toпознавам по лице know by sightс лице към вятъра facing the wind, with the wind in o.'s face2. (изражение) face, countenanceизписано е на лицето му you can read it in his face/countenance3. (човек) person, individual(в лит. произведение) character, personatorграм. personкато частно лице in o.'s private capacity, as a private personдлъжностно лице official, office-holder, functionaryофициални лица official personalities/representatives/guestsдействуващи лица (в пиеса) dramatis personae, characters, ( участници в пиеса) castюридическо лице юр. a juridical person, a body corporate, a corporate body, a corporation, a legal entityв лицето на in the person of4. геом. surfaceкъща с лице към юг a house with a southern aspect, a house that faces south, a house looking onto/facing the south6. (на плат) right side7. (на медал) obverse8. (на обувка) upper, vampфактът е на лице there is no denying the factизлизам на лице come to the front/fore* * *лицѐ,ср., -а̀ 1. face; sl. mug; изсмивам се в \лицеето на някого laugh in s.o.’s face; казвам нещо в \лицеето на някого say s.th. to s.o.’s face; \лицее с \лицее face to face; nose to nose; обръщам се с \лицее към face, make front to; познавам по \лицее know by sight; пред \лицеето на in the face of; c \лицее към вятъра facing the wind, with the wind in o.’s face; срещам се \лицее с \лицее meet in the face;2. ( изражение) face, countenance; безизразно \лицее poker face; изписано е на \лицеето му you can read it in his face/countenance;3. ( човек) person, individual; (в лит. произведение) character; език. person; в \лицеето на in the person of; ( представител) front man; действащи \лицеа (в пиеса) dramatis personae, characters, ( участници в пиеса) cast; длъжностно \лицее official, office-holder, functionary; като частно \лицее in o.’s private capacity, as a private person; официални \лицеа official personalities/representatives/guests; поставено \лицее a man of straw, dummy; техническо \лицее expert; qualified technician; упълномощено \лицее person in authority; физическо \лицее юр. natural/physical person; юридическо \лицее юр. juridical person, body corporate, corporate body, corporation, legal entity;4. геом. surface;5. (на сграда) face, facade, front(age), архит. elevation; странично \лицее side-elevation;6. (на плат) right side;7. (на медал) obverse;8. (на обувка) upper, vamp; • имам \лицее да have the face/cheek to; на \лицее съм be at hand, be available/present, ( явен съм) be apparent; фактът е на \лицее there is no denying the fact.* * *face: laugh in s.o.'s лице - изсмивам се в лицето на някого; frontage; mug{mXg}; person (персона); persona (pl. -nae); personage; visage (книж.)* * *1. (в лит. произведение) character, personator 2. (изражение) face, countenance 3. (на медал) obverse 4. (на обувка) upper, vamp 5. (на плат) right side 6. (на сграда) face, facade, front(age), apx. elevation 7. (човек) person, individual 8. face;sl. mug 9. ЛИЦЕ с ЛИЦЕ face to face;nose to nose 10. в ЛИЦЕто на in the person of 11. геом. surface 12. грам. person 13. действуващи лица (в пиеса) dramatis personae, characters, (участници в пиеса) cast 14. длъжностно ЛИЦЕ official, office-holder, functionary 15. за ЛИЦЕ for show/face, to save face 16. излизам на ЛИЦЕ come to the front/fore 17. изписано е на ЛИЦЕто му you can read it in his face/countenance 18. изсмивам се в ЛИЦЕто на някого laugh in s.o.'s face 19. имам ЛИЦЕ да have the face/ cheek to 20. казвам нещо в ЛИЦЕто на някого say s.th. to s.o.'s face 21. като частно ЛИЦЕ in o.'s private capacity, as a private person 22. къща с ЛИЦЕ към юг a house with a southern aspect, a house that faces south, a house looking onto/facing the south 23. на ЛИЦЕ съм be at hand, be available/present, (явен съм) be apparent 24. обръщам се с ЛИЦЕ към face, make front to 25. от ЛИЦЕто на земята from the face of the earth 26. официални лица official personalities/representatives/ guests 27. познавам по ЛИЦЕ know by sight 28. поставено ЛИЦЕ a man of straw, dummy 29. правя ЛИЦЕ на някого fawn on s.o 30. пред ЛИЦЕто на in the face of 31. с ЛИЦЕ към вятъра facing the wind, with the wind in o.'s face 32. с ЛИЦЕто напред end on 33. срещам се ЛИЦЕ с ЛИЦЕ meet in the face 34. странично ЛИЦЕ side-elevation 35. фактът е на ЛИЦЕ there is no denying the fact 36. физическо ЛИЦЕ юр. a natural/physical person 37. юридическо ЛИЦЕ юр. a juridical person, a body corporate, a corporate body, a corporation, a legal entity -
47 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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48 künstlich
I Adj. artificial (auch Beatmung, Befruchtung, Blume, Ernährung, Licht, See etc.); Zähne etc.: auch false; Leder etc.: imitation...; (unecht) fake; (künstlich hergestellt) synthetic; man-made; Lächeln etc.: forced; künstliche Niere kidney machineII Adv. artificially; künstlich in die Länge ziehen (deliberately) stretch out; sich künstlich aufregen umg. get worked up over nothing* * *false; factitious; manmade; artificial; forced* * *kụ̈nst|lich ['kʏnstlɪç]1. adjartificial; Auge auch glass; Zähne, Wimpern, Fingernägel false; Faserstoffe synthetic, man-made; Diamanten imitation, fake (inf)See:2. adv1) fertigen, herstellen artificially, synthetically2)jdn künstlich ernähren (Med) — to feed sb artificially
See:→ beatmen3) (inf = übertrieben)sich künstlich aufregen — to get all worked up (inf) or excited about nothing
* * *1) artficially2) (made by man; not natural; not real: artificial flowers; Did you look at the colour in artificial light or in daylight?) artificial3) (artificial: false teeth.) false4) (made, happening or formed by man, not by natural means: a man-made lake.) man-made* * *künst·lich[ˈkʏnstlɪç]I. adj1. (industriell hergestellt) artificial, synthetic\künstliche Wimpern/Zähne false lashes/teethist der Rubin echt oder \künstlich? is that an imitation ruby or a genuine one?2. (nicht natürlich) artificial\künstliche Befruchtung artificial insemination\künstlich Erregung feigned excitement▪ \künstlich sein to be affected [or feigned]ob ihre Erregung echt oder nur \künstlich ist? I wonder if she's really excited or just putting it onII. advrege dich doch nicht \künstlich auf, so schlimm ist es nicht! stop making out you're upset, it's not that bad!, stop getting all worked up about nothing!2. (industriell) artificially, synthetically3. (mit Hilfe von Apparaten) artificially* * *1.1) artificial; artificial, glass < eye>; false <teeth, eyelashes, hair>; synthetic, man-made < fibre>; imitation, synthetic < diamond>2.1) artificially2)sich künstlich aufregen — (ugs.) get worked up or excited about nothing
* * *A. adj artificial (auch Beatmung, Befruchtung, Blume, Ernährung, Licht, See etc); Zähne etc: auch false; Leder etc: imitation …; (unecht) fake; (künstlich hergestellt) synthetic; man-made; Lächeln etc: forced;künstliche Niere kidney machineB. adv artificially;künstlich in die Länge ziehen (deliberately) stretch out;sich künstlich aufregen umg get worked up over nothing* * *1.1) artificial; artificial, glass < eye>; false <teeth, eyelashes, hair>; synthetic, man-made < fibre>; imitation, synthetic < diamond>2.1) artificially2)sich künstlich aufregen — (ugs.) get worked up or excited about nothing
* * *adj.artificial adj.factitious adj.simulated adj.synthetical adj. adv.artificially adv.factitiously adv. -
49 país
m.country, nation, region.* * *1 country\del país local* * *noun m.1) country2) region* * *SM1) (=nación) countrylos países miembros o participantes — the member countries
país en desarrollo, país en vías de desarrollo — developing nation
país satélite — satellite country o state
2) (=tierra) land, region3) (Arte) (=paisaje) landscape* * *a) ( unidad política) countryb) ( ciudadanos) nationc) ( en ficción) landen un país lejano — in a distant o faraway land
* * *= country, mainland, economy [economies, -pl.].Ex. It is less obviously effective to aim to generate a centralised cataloguing service which will cover all the materials acquired by libraries in a given country.Ex. Thus this code was important in catalogues on the mainland of Europe.Ex. Post-industrial economies are information-intensive.----* afectar a todo el país = sweep + the country.* Alicia en el País de las Maravillas = Alice in Wonderland.* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].* código del país = country code.* compuesto de varios países = multi-country [multicountry].* corazón de un país = heartland.* de todo el país = across the land, all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country.* de un extremo a otro del país = cross-country.* de un país desarrollado = first world.* división de país = country division.* emigrantes que huyen de su país en barca o patera = boat people.* en el país de los ciegos el tuerto es el rey = in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king, in the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king, in the kingdom of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.* en el país de los ciegos el tuerto es el rey = be a case of the blind leading the blind.* en nuestro país = at home.* en todo el país = all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country, across the country.* entre países = transfrontier, transborder, transnational, cross-country, cross-national [cross national], cross-border.* entre varios países = multi-country [multicountry].* Liga de los Países †rabes = League of Arab States.* nacido en el país = native-born.* natural del país = native-born.* OPEC, la [Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo] = OPEC [Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries].* país anfitrión = host country.* país capitalista = capitalist country.* país con armas nucleares = nuclear state.* país cuya lengua oficial no es el inglés = non-English-speaking country.* país de adopción = adopted country.* país de Europa del Este = Eastern European country.* País de Gales = Wales.* país de las maravillas = wonderland.* país del Golfo Persa = Arab Gulf country, Gulf country, Arabian Gulf state, Persian Gulf country.* país del tercer mundo = third world country.* país de origen = country of origin, national origin, home country.* país de procedencia = country of origin.* país desarrollado = developed country, developed nation, advanced economy, first-world nation.* país en vías de desarrollo = developing country, transitional nation, transitional economy, developing nation, emerging economy, developing economy, country with developing economy.* países ACP = ACP countries.* países árabes = Arab countries.* Países Bajos, los = Netherlands, the, Low Countries, the.* países balcánicos, los = Balkans, the.* países bálticos, los = Baltic countries, the, Baltics, the, Baltic States, the.* países de la Comunidad Europea = European Communities.* países de la costa del Pacífico = Pacific Rim, the.* países en vías de desarrollo, los = developing world, the.* países industrializados = industrially developed countries.* países miembro de la Comunidad = Community partner.* países nórdicos, los = Nordic countries, the.* país exportador = exporting country.* país extranjero = foreign country, overseas country.* país extraño = foreign country.* país firmante = signatory country.* país industrializado = industrialised country, industrialised nation, industrial nation.* país miembro = member country.* país miembro de la Comunidad = Community member state.* país multicultural = rainbow nation.* país natal = back home.* país productor de información científica = science producer.* país socialista = socialist country.* país subdesarrollado = undeveloped country, underdeveloped nation, banana republic, mickey mouse country.* país subtropical = subtropical country.* país tercermundista = third world country, banana republic, mickey mouse country.* país tropical = tropical country.* reducción de la cuota de los países endeudados = debt relief.* transferencia de información entre países = transborder data flow (TBDF).* vender en el extranjero a precios inferiores que en el país de origen = dump.* visita con conferencia a varios lugares de un país = lecture tour.* * *a) ( unidad política) countryb) ( ciudadanos) nationc) ( en ficción) landen un país lejano — in a distant o faraway land
* * *= country, mainland, economy [economies, -pl.].Ex: It is less obviously effective to aim to generate a centralised cataloguing service which will cover all the materials acquired by libraries in a given country.
Ex: Thus this code was important in catalogues on the mainland of Europe.Ex: Post-industrial economies are information-intensive.* afectar a todo el país = sweep + the country.* Alicia en el País de las Maravillas = Alice in Wonderland.* a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].* código del país = country code.* compuesto de varios países = multi-country [multicountry].* corazón de un país = heartland.* de todo el país = across the land, all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country.* de un extremo a otro del país = cross-country.* de un país desarrollado = first world.* división de país = country division.* emigrantes que huyen de su país en barca o patera = boat people.* en el país de los ciegos el tuerto es el rey = in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king, in the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is king, in the kingdom of the blind, the one-eyed man is king.* en el país de los ciegos el tuerto es el rey = be a case of the blind leading the blind.* en nuestro país = at home.* en todo el país = all around the country, all over the country, from all over the country, across the country.* entre países = transfrontier, transborder, transnational, cross-country, cross-national [cross national], cross-border.* entre varios países = multi-country [multicountry].* Liga de los Países rabes = League of Arab States.* nacido en el país = native-born.* natural del país = native-born.* OPEC, la [Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo] = OPEC [Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries].* país anfitrión = host country.* país capitalista = capitalist country.* país con armas nucleares = nuclear state.* país cuya lengua oficial no es el inglés = non-English-speaking country.* país de adopción = adopted country.* país de Europa del Este = Eastern European country.* País de Gales = Wales.* país de las maravillas = wonderland.* país del Golfo Persa = Arab Gulf country, Gulf country, Arabian Gulf state, Persian Gulf country.* país del tercer mundo = third world country.* país de origen = country of origin, national origin, home country.* país de procedencia = country of origin.* país desarrollado = developed country, developed nation, advanced economy, first-world nation.* país en vías de desarrollo = developing country, transitional nation, transitional economy, developing nation, emerging economy, developing economy, country with developing economy.* países ACP = ACP countries.* países árabes = Arab countries.* Países Bajos, los = Netherlands, the, Low Countries, the.* países balcánicos, los = Balkans, the.* países bálticos, los = Baltic countries, the, Baltics, the, Baltic States, the.* países de la Comunidad Europea = European Communities.* países de la costa del Pacífico = Pacific Rim, the.* países en vías de desarrollo, los = developing world, the.* países industrializados = industrially developed countries.* países miembro de la Comunidad = Community partner.* países nórdicos, los = Nordic countries, the.* país exportador = exporting country.* país extranjero = foreign country, overseas country.* país extraño = foreign country.* país firmante = signatory country.* país industrializado = industrialised country, industrialised nation, industrial nation.* país miembro = member country.* país miembro de la Comunidad = Community member state.* país multicultural = rainbow nation.* país natal = back home.* país productor de información científica = science producer.* país socialista = socialist country.* país subdesarrollado = undeveloped country, underdeveloped nation, banana republic, mickey mouse country.* país subtropical = subtropical country.* país tercermundista = third world country, banana republic, mickey mouse country.* país tropical = tropical country.* reducción de la cuota de los países endeudados = debt relief.* transferencia de información entre países = transborder data flow (TBDF).* vender en el extranjero a precios inferiores que en el país de origen = dump.* visita con conferencia a varios lugares de un país = lecture tour.* * *El País (↑ país a1)A1 (unidad política) countrylos países miembros the member countries2 (ciudadanos) nationse dirigió al país he addressed the nationel apoyo de todo el país the support of the whole nation o country3 (en ficción) landel país de los sueños the land of Nodel país de las maravillas wonderlanden un país lejano in a distant o faraway landCompuestos:trading nation(de una persona) home country, native land; (de un producto) country of origin(UE) candidate countries(UE) Central and Eastern European Countriessatellite, satellite nationB (de un abanico) covering* * *
país sustantivo masculino
( de producto) country of origin;
el Ppaís de Gales Wales;
el Ppaís Vasco the Basque Country
país sustantivo masculino country, land: recorrió países lejanos, he travelled around distant lands
los países tropicales, the tropical countries
País Valenciano, Valencia
País Vasco, Basque Country
Países Bajos, Netherlands pl
' país' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adelantada
- adelantado
- añorar
- atrasada
- atrasado
- atraso
- ciudad
- Congo
- contarse
- damnificada
- damnificado
- desarraigar
- desarrollada
- desarrollado
- descomposición
- desmembrar
- dominar
- dominación
- economía
- económica
- económico
- ETA
- exilio
- fantasma
- feudo
- Gales
- hambre
- militarista
- moneda
- natal
- percance
- productor
- productora
- promover
- punta
- puntera
- puntero
- refugio
- regir
- representar
- sacudir
- salir
- satélite
- suelo
- tierra
- tiniebla
- Túnez
- vasca
- vasco
- abatir
English:
acclaim
- acknowledge
- acute
- administer
- administration
- affair
- alien
- America
- authority
- backward
- Basque Country
- betray
- brain
- chapter
- characteristic
- conception
- country
- cripple
- defect
- develop
- developing
- distant
- district
- drain
- earthquake
- election
- embargo
- envisage
- envision
- equality
- expatriate
- flag
- foreign
- free
- governor
- home
- homegrown
- institute
- land
- mainland
- map
- mess
- miss
- nationwide
- norm
- open up
- overcrowded
- overrun
- point
- Postmaster General
* * *1. [nación] country;el país votó “no” en el referéndum the country o nation voted “no” in the referendum;en el país de los ciegos, el tuerto es rey in the kingdom of the blind, the one-eyed man is kinglos países no alineados the nonaligned countries;los Países Bajos the Netherlands;los países bálticos the Baltic States;países desarrollados developed countries;el País de Gales Wales;país natal native country, homeland;país neutral neutral country;país de origen country of origin;país de reciente industrialización newly industrialized country;país satélite satellite state;países subdesarrollados underdeveloped countries;el País Valenciano the autonomous region of Valencia;el País Vasco the Basque Country;países en vías de desarrollo developing countries2. [tierra] land;en un país muy lejano… in a distant o far-off land…;en el país de las maravillas in wonderland;el país de nunca-jamás never-never land* * *m country;país en vías de desarrollo developing country;país productor producer country;país comunitario EU country;los Países Bajos the Netherlands* * *país nm1) nación: country, nation2) región: region, territory* * * -
50 смърт
deathюр. deceaseестествена/насилствена смърт a natural/violent deathгражданска смърт a civil deathумирам от насилствена смърт die a violent deathбия се на живот и смърт wage a life-and-death struggle; fight for dear lifeвъпрос на живот смърт a life-and-death matter, a matter of life and deathна косъм от смърт та within a hair's breadth/an inch of deathизплашвам някого до смърт frighten/scare s.o. to deathтова ще бъде смърт за мене this/it will be the end for meсмърт ми е да I hate (c ger.)смърт на фашизма! death to fascism!* * *ж., само ед. death; юр. decease; sl. big sleep; ( образно) The Grim Reaper; the fatal shears; ( смъртен случай) fatality; бия се на живот и \смърт wage a life-and-death struggle; fight for dear life; въпрос на живот и \смърт life-and-death matter, matter of life and death; гладна \смърт death from starvation; до \смъртта си till o.’s dying day; to the last; естествена/насилствена \смърт natural/violent death; играя си със \смъртта dice with death; на косъм от \смъртта within a hair’s breath/an inch of death; намирам \смъртта си meet o.’s death; пред \смъртта at the/o.’s last gasp; \смърт чрез обесване/разстрел death by hanging/shooting; умирам от естествена/насилствена \смърт die a natural/violent death.* * *death: a violent смърт - насилствена смърт, natural смърт - естествена смърт; It is a matter of life and смърт. - Това е въпрос на живот и смърт., scare to смърт - изплашвам до смърт; decease ; end {end}; mort ; passing (прен.); tomb* * *1. death 2. СМЪРТ ми е да I hate (c ger.) 3. СМЪРТ на фашизма! death to fascism! 4. бия се на живот и СМЪРТ wage a life-and-death struggle;fight for dear life 5. бяла СМЪРТ death by freezing/exposure 6. верен до СМЪРТ faithful unto death 7. въпрос на живот СМЪРТ a life-and-death matter, a matter of life and death 8. гладна СМЪРТ death, from starvation 9. гражданска СМЪРТ a civil death 10. две СМЪРТи няма, без една не може a man can die but once 11. до СМЪРТта си till o.'s dying day;to the last 12. естествена/насилствена СМЪРТ a natural/violent death 13. изплашвам някого до СМЪРТ frighten/scare s.o. to death 14. на косъм от СМЪРТ та within a hair's breadth/an inch of death 15. намирам СМЪРТта си meet o.'s death 16. пребит до СМЪРТ beaten within an inch of o.'s life 17. скучая до СМЪРТ be bored to death 18. това ще бъде СМЪРТ за мене this/it will be the end for me 19. умирам от насилствена СМЪРТ die a violent death 20. юр. decease -
51 право прав·о
юр.аннулировать права — to annul / to nullify rights
восстанавливать в правах — to rehabilitate (smb.)
давать право одному государству совершать действия на территории другого государства — to give to a state the right to perform certain acts on the territory of another state
дать (кому-л.) право — to give (smb.) a title
затрагивать (чьи-л.) права — to involve (smb.'s) rights
злоупотреблять (своими) правами — to abuse the rights
иметь право — to have / to possess the right (to), to be entitled (to), to be eligible (for); to be vested with the right
иметь право исповедовать любую религию или не исповедовать никакой — to have the right to profess or not to profess any religion
иметь право стать членом (какой-л. организации) — to be eligible for membership
лишиться / утрачивать права — to forfeit
наносить ущерб (чьим-л.) правам — to prejudice (smb.'s) rights
не иметь права вмешиваться в обсуждение (какого-л.) вопроса — to have no say in the matter, not to be entitled to the discussion
обладать правами — to enjoy / to have rights
обрести право — to qualify (for)
оговаривать право в отношении (чего-л.) — to reserve the right with regard (to smth.)
ограничивать права — to curtail / to restrict (smb.'s) rights
оспаривать право — to dispute / to contest a right
оставить (за собой) право сделать (что-л.) — to reserve the right to do (smth.)
осуществлять (свои) права — to exercise (one's) rights
отказать (кому-л.) в праве — to deny (smb.) the right
отказаться от (своего) права — to renounce / to resign / to abandon / to surrender (one's) right (to)
отказаться от права выступить — to forgo / to waive one's right to speak
отстаивать (свои) права — to assert / to stand upon (one's) rights
подтвердить права (жителей) — to underpin the rights (of inhabitants)
пользоваться правами — to exercise / to enjoy one's rights поступаться (своим) правом to waive (one's) right
посягать на (чьи-л.) права — to invade (smb's) rights, to infringe on / upon (smb.'s) rights
предоставлять права — to confer rights (upon), to grant / to accord / to give rights (to), to entitle, to enable, to empower
предоставлять (кому-л.) право сделать что-л. (преим. о законодательстве) — to enable (smb.) to do smth.
присваивать (себе) право — to arrogate (to oneself) a right
расширять права — to broaden / to expand the rights
реализовать (своё) право — to exercise (one's) right
сохранять (за собой) право сделать что-л. — to reserve the right (to do smth.)
требовать причитающегося по праву — to claim a / one's right
уважать права и законные интересы (других) лиц — to respect the rights and lawful interests of (other) persons
уравнивать в право ах — to give / to grand equal rights (to smb.), to equalize (smb.) in rights
урезать права — to curtail (smb.'s) rights
ущемлять права — to derogate from (smb.'s) right
ущемлять законные права и интересы — to infringe (on) ligitimate rights and interests
"бумажное право" (право, существующее на бумаге) — paper title
естественное право — natural law / right
законное право — legitimate right, valid title
борьба за законные права — struggle for (one's) legitimate rights
избирательное право — vote, electoral right, suffrage, elective franchise, electorship
всеобщее, равное и прямое избирательное право при тайном голосовании — universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot
лишённый избирательного права — voteless, nonvoter
избирательное право для женщин — female / women's suffrage
лишение избирательных прав — deprivation of electoral rights, disenfranchisement
имеющий право быть избранным — electable, eligible
имеющий право выбирать — elective, eligible
имеющий право выдвижения собственной кандидатуры или избрания самого себя (на какой-л. пост, в члены организации) — self-elective
имущественные права — property rights, vested interests
исключительное право — exclusive / sole / prerogative right, monopoly, prerogative, absolute title
исключительное право на учреждение предприятия / фирмы — exclusive right of establishment
монопольное право — exclusive / monopoly / sole right
неотъемлемое право — inalienable / inherent / undeniable right
облекающий правом (преим. о законе) — enabling
общее / совместное право — right of common
основные права — basic / fundamental rights
особое право, предоставленное правительством или монархом — franchise
лишать политических прав — to denude / to deprive (smb.) of political rights
преимущественное право — preference, priority / underlying, preferential right, right of priority
признанные права — acquired / vested rights
на равных правах — enjoying / exercising equal rights
предоставить специальные права — to confer (on smb.) special rights
осуществлять (свои) суверенные права — to exercise (one's) sovereign rights
феодальное право ист. — feudal law
защита прав — defence / protection of rights
коллизия права (противоречие между нормами различных правовых систем по одному и тому же вопросу) — conflict of laws
лицо, имеющее право на обратный переход к нему имущества — reversioner
лица, ограниченные в праве передвижения — restrictees
лицо, отказавшееся от (каких-либо) прав в пользу другого лица — releasor
лицо, получившее право на возмещение ущерба — recoveror
нарушение / ущемление прав — infringement / violation of rights
отказ от прав — abandonment of rights, quitclaim
положение, принадлежащее по праву — rightful position
право ангарии, право воюющей стороны на захват — right of angary
право беспрепятственного / мирного прохода — right of innocent passage
право вето — right of veto, veto power, negative voice
право владения, пользования и распоряжения — right of possession, enjoyment and disposal
право выбирать (свой собственный) путь (развития) — right of nations to choose their own path / way (of development)
право выгрузки пассажиров, багажа, грузов и почты — right to discharge passengers, baggage, cargo and mail
право выезда / выхода — egress
право, выработанное судами — judge-made law
право, вытекающее из (факта) владения — title by possession
права, вытекающие из данного договора — rights under the treaty
право вышестоящего суда пересмотреть приговор или решение нижестоящего суда — appellate jurisdiction
право голоса / участия в выборах / голосовании — voting right, franchise one's right to vote
лишать права голоса — to exclude (smb.) from the poll, to deprive of the right to vote, to disfranchise
лишать выборщика права голоса — to disqualify an elector, to disfranchise
право государств на суверенитет над своими природными ресурсами — right of nations of sovereignty over their natural resources
равные права граждан всех рас и национальностей — equal rights of citizens of all races and nationalities
права заимствования / на получение кредита (в МВФ) — drawing rights (in IMF)
специальные права заимствования, СПЗ — special drawing rights, SDR
право заключать коллективные договоры — right to collective bargaining, right to conclude collective agreements
право законодательной инициативы — right of legislative initiative, power to initiate legislation
социально-экономические, политические и личные права и свободы — social, economic, political and personal rights and freedoms
право инспекции / осмотра — right of inspection
право мирного прохода через территориальные воды — freedom of inoffensive passage through the maritime belt
право на вмешательство / на интервенцию — right of intervention
право на возвращение (своих) природных ресурсов — right to reclaim (one's) natural resources
право на выход из состава участников (соглашения, договора и т.п.) — right of withdrawal
право на гражданство — right to citizenship / nationality
право на домовую церковь (для посла) / свободного отправления религиозного культа в особом помещении посольства или миссии — right of Chapel
право на жизнь, свободу и личную неприкосновенность — right to life, liberty and security of person
права на интеллектуальную и промышленную собственность — intellectual and industrial property rights
право на материальное обеспечение в старости в случае болезни и потери трудоспособности — right to material security in old age, sickness and disability
право на национализацию или передачу владения своим гражданам — right to nationalization or transfer of ownership to its nationals
право на ответ / на ответное слово — right of reply
используя право на ответ / в порядке осуществления права на ответ — in exercise of (one's) right of reply
отказаться от права на ответ — to waive (one's) right to reply
право на получение информации (журналистами) / право быть осведомлённым — right to know разг.
право на разработку минеральных ресурсов / полезных ископаемых — mineral rights
права на репатриацию иностранных капиталовложений / прибылей — repatriation right
право на самооборону — right of / to self-defence
право на свободу убеждений и свободное их выражение / свободу слова — right to freedom of opinion and expression
право на связь / на использование связи — right of communication
право на социальное обеспечение — right to social security / insurance
право на существование — right to exist, right of existence
иметь право на что-л. (в силу собственных заслуг, способностей, создавшегося положения) — in one's own right
право навигации / судоходства — navigation right
право народов на свободное и независимое развитие — right of nations to free and independent development
право наследования — right of succession / to inherit
право наций на самоопределение вплоть до государственного отделения — right of nations to self-determination up to and including separation
право обжаловать действия должностных лиц — the right to lodge a complaint against the actions of officials
право, основанное на давности (его использования) — prescriptive right
права, осуществляемые (по чьему-л.) полномочию — vicarious power / authority
права, относящиеся к предоставлению убежища — rights relating to asylum
право погрузки пассажиров, багажа, грузов и почты — right to pick up passengers, baggage, cargo and mail
право покидать любую страну, включая свою собственную, и возвращаться в свою страну — right to leave any country including one's own and to return to one's country
право по рождению / в силу происхождения — birthright
право посольства / представительства — right of legation
право, признанное судом справедливости — equities
право принимать и назначать дипломатических представителей — right of reception and mission of diplomatic envoys
право принимать пассажиров, направляющихся на территорию (какого-л.) государства — privilege to take on passengers for the territory of a state
право проезда / прохода — right of passage
право рыболовства — right of fishery / fishing
право свободно выбирать (себе) местожительство — right to freedom of residence
право свободного доступа (к чему-л.) — freedom of access (to smth.)
право собственности — title, property right, right of ownership
права собственности или квазисобственности — proprietary or quasi-proprietary rights
неоспоримое право собственности — marketable / merchantable / good title
право собственности, приобретённое завладением — title by occupancy
право ссылаться на основание недействительности договора — right to invoke a ground for invalidating a treaty
право ссылаться на основание прекращения договора — right to invoke a ground for terminating a treaty
право ссылаться на основание приостановления действия договора — right to invoke a ground for suspending the operation of a treaty
право транзита / транзитного прохода — right of transit
право убежища — right of asylum, rights of sanctuary, sanctuary rights
права человека — human rights, rights of mankind
защита прав человека — defence / protection of human rights
нарушение прав человека — repsession / supression / violation of human rights
право (на осуществление) юрисдикции — right of jurisdiction
утрата права на... — loss of a right to...
2) мн. (свидетельство) licence3) (совокупность законов и постановлений) law, ruleвнутригосударственное право — national law, municipal jurisprudence
государственное право — state / political / public / constitutional law
нарушения государственных или общественных прав и интересов — public wrongs
применяемое в вооружённых конфликтах гуманитарное право — humanitarian rules relating to armed conflicts
договорное право — law of treaties, contract law
дополнительное, субсидиарное право — appendant
каноническое право — canon law, the Canon
космическое право — outer space / cosmic law
крепостное право ист. — serfdom
кулачное право, право сильного — fist law
международное право — international law, law of nations
игнорировать общепризнанные нормы международного права — to disregard generally recognized norms of international law
несовместимость с нормами международного права — incompatibility with the norms / rules of international law
морское право — law of the sea, maritime / naval law
морское призовое право — maritime / naval prize
общее / обычное право — common / customary / consuetudinary law
прецедентное право — law of precedent, case law
торговое право — merchant / commercial law, law-merchant
уголовное право — criminal / penal law
нарушение / несоблюдение норм права — contempt of the law
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52 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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53 स्व _sva
स्व pron. a.1 One's own, belonging to oneself, often serving as a reflexive pronoun; स्वनियोगमशून्यं कुरु Ś.2; प्रजाः प्रजाः स्वा इव तन्त्रयित्वा 5.5; oft. in comp. in this sense; स्वपुत्र, स्वकलत्र, स्वद्रव्य.-2 Innate, natural, inherent, peculiar, inborn; सूर्यापाये न खलु कमलं पुष्यति स्वामभिख्याम् Me.82; Ś.1.19; स तस्य स्वो भावः प्रकृतिनियतत्वादकृतकः U. 6.14.-3 Belonging to one's own caste or tribe; शूद्रैव भार्या शूद्रस्य सा च स्वा च विशः स्मृते Ms.3.13;5.14.-स्वः 1 One's own self.-2 A relative, kinsman; एनं स्वा अभि- संविशन्ति भर्ता स्वानां श्रेष्ठः पुर एता भवति Bṛi. Up.1.3.18; (दौर्गत्यं) येन स्वैरपि मन्यन्ते जीवन्तो$पि मृता इव Pt.2.1; Ms. 2.19.-3 The soul.-4 N. of Viṣṇu.-स्वा A woman of one's own caste.-स्वः, -स्वम् 1 Wealth, property; as in निःस्व q. v.-2 (In alg.) The plus or affirmative quantity; cf. धनः; स्वशब्दो$यमात्मीयधनज्ञातीनां प्रत्येकं वाचको न समुदायस्य ŚB. on MS.6.7.2. The Ego.-4 Nature (स्वभावः); वृत्तिर्भूतानि भूतानां चराणामचराणि च । कृता स्वेन नृणां तत्र कामाच्चोदनयापि वा ॥ Bhāg.12.7.13.-Comp. -अक्षपादः a follower of the Nyāya system of philosophy.-अक्षरम् one's own hand-writing.-अधिकारः one's own duty or sway; स्वाधिकारात् प्रमत्तः Me.1; स्वाधिकारभूमौ Ś.7.-अधिपत्यम् one's own supremacy, sovereignty.-अधि- ष्ठानम् one of the six Chakras or mystical circles of the body.-अधीन a.1 dependent on oneself, self-dependent.-2 independent.-3 one's own subject.-4 in one's own power; स्वाधीना वचनीयतापि हि वरं बद्धो न सेवाञ्जलिः Mk.3. 11. ˚कुशल a. having prosperity in one's own power; स्वाधीनकुशलाः सिद्धिमन्तः Ś.4. ˚ पतिका, ˚भर्तृका a woman who has full control over her husband, one whose husband is subject to her; अथ सा निर्गताबाधा राधा स्वाधीनभर्तृका । निजगाद रतिक्लान्तं कान्तं मण्डनवाञ्छया Gīt.12; see S. D.112. et seq.-अध्यायः 1 self-recitation, muttering to oneself.-2 study of the Vedas, sacred study, perusal of sacred books; स्वाध्यायेनार्चयेदृषीन् Ms.3.81; Bg.16.1; T. Up.1.9.1.-3 the Veda itself.-4 a day on which sacred study is enjoined to be resumed after suspension. ˚अर्थिन् m. a student who tries to secure his own livelihood during his course of holy study; Ms.11.1.-अध्यायिन् m.1 a student of the Vedas.-2 a tradesman.-अनुभवः, अनुभूतिः f.1 self-experience.-2 self-knowledge; स्वानुभूत्येकसाराय नमः शान्ताय तेजसे Bh.2.1. अनुभावः love for property.-अनुरूप a.1 natural, inborn.-2 worthy of oneself.-अन्तम् 1 the mind; मम स्वान्तध्वान्तं तिरयतु नवीनो जलधरः Bv.4.5; Mv.7.17.-2 a cavern.-3 one's own death, end.-अर्जित a. self-acquired.-अर्थ a.1 self-interested.-2 having its own or true meaning.-3 having one's own object or aim.-4 pleonastic.(-र्थः) 1 one's own interest, self-interest; सर्वः स्वार्थं समीहते Śi.2.65; स्वार्थात्सतां गुरुतरा प्रणयिक्रियैव V. 4.15.-2 own or inherent meaning; स्वार्थे णिच्, स्वार्थे कप्रत्ययः &c.; परार्थव्यासङ्गादुपजहदथ स्वार्थपरताम् Bv.1.79 (where both senses are intended).-3 = पुरुषार्थः q. v.; Bhāg.12.2.6. ˚अनुमानम् inference for oneself, a kind of inductive reasoning, one of the two main kinds of अनुमान, the other being परार्थानुमान. ˚पण्डित a.1 clever in one's own affairs.-2 expert in attending to one's own interests. ˚पर, ˚परायण a. intent on securing one's own interests, selfish; परार्थानुष्ठाने जडयति नृपं स्वार्थपरता Mu.3.4. ˚विघातः frustration of one's object. ˚सिद्धिः f. fulfilment of one's own object.-आनन्दः delight in one's self.-आयत्त a. subject to, or dependent upon, oneself; स्वायत्तमेकान्तगुणं विधात्रा विनिर्मितं छादनमज्ञतायाः Bh. 2.7.-आरब्ध, -आरम्भक a. self-undertaken.- आहत a. coined by one's self.-इच्छा self-will, own inclination. ˚आचारः acting as one likes; self-will. ˚मृत्युः an epithet of Bhīṣma.-उत्थ a. innate.-उदयः the rising of a sign or heavenly body at any particular place.-उपधिः a fixed star.-कम्पनः air, wind.-कर्मन् one's own duty (स्वधर्म); स्वकर्मनिरतः सिद्धिं यथा विन्दति तच्छृणु Bg.18. 45.-कर्मस्थ a. minding one's own duty; अधीयीरंस्त्रयो वर्णाः स्वकर्मस्था द्विजातयः Ms.1.1.-कर्मिन् a. selfish.-कामिन् a. selfish.-कार्यम् one's own business or interest.-कुलक्षयः a fish.-कृतम् a deed done by one's self.-कृतंभुज् a. experiencing the results of former deeds (प्रारब्धकर्म); मा शोचतं महाभागावात्मजान् स्वकृतंभुजः Bhāg.1. 4.18.-गतम् ind. to oneself, aside (in theatrical lang- uage).-गृहः a kind of bird.-गोचर a. subject to one's self; स्वगोचरे सत्यपि चित्तहारिणा Ki.8.13.-चर a. self-moving.-छन्द a.1 self-willed, uncontrolled, wanton.-2 spontaneous.-3 wild. (-न्दः) one's own will or choice, own fancy or pleasure, independence. (-न्दम्) ind. at one's own will or pleasure, wantonly, volunta- rily; स्वच्छन्दं दलदरविन्द ते मरन्दं विन्दन्तो विदधतु गुञ्जितं मिलिन्दाः Bv.1.15.-ज a.1 self-born.-2 natural (स्वाभाविक); आगता त्वामियं बुद्धिः स्वजा वैनायिकी च या Rām.2.112.16.(-जः) 1 a son or child.-2 sweat, perspiration.-3 a viper. (-जा) a daughter. (-जम्) blood.-जनः 1 a kinsman, relative; इतःप्रत्यादेशात् स्वजनमनुगन्तुं व्यवसिता Ś. 6.8; Pt.1.5.-2 one's own people or kindred, one's household. ˚गन्धिन् a. distantly related to. (स्वजनायते Den. P. 'becomes or is treated as a relation'; Pt.1.5.)-जातिः 1 one's own kind.-2 one's own family or caste.-ज्ञातिः a kinsman.-ता personal regard or interest; अस्यां मे महती स्वता Svapna.1.7.-तन्त्र a.1 self-dependent, uncontrolled, independent, self-willed.-2 of age, full-grown. (-न्त्रम्) one's own (common group of) subsidiaries; जैमिनेः परतन्त्रापत्तेः स्वतन्त्रप्रतिषेधः स्यात् MS. 12.1.8. (-न्त्रः) a blind man.-दृश् a. seeing one's self; ईयते भगवानेभिः सगुणो निर्गुणः स्वदृक् Bhāg.3.32.36.-देशः one's own country, native country. ˚जः, ˚बन्धुः a fellow countryman.-धर्मः 1 one's own religion.-2 one's own duty, the duties of one's own class; Ms.1.88,91; स्वधर्मे निधनं श्रेयः परधर्मो भयावहः Bg.3.35.-3 peculiarity, one's own rights.-निघ्न a. depending on or subservi- ent to oneself; (पुराणि च) निगृह्य निग्रहाभिज्ञो निन्ये नेता स्वनिघ्नताम् Śiva B.25.9.-पक्षः 1 one's own side or party.-2 a friend.-3 one's own opinion.-पणः one's own stake.-परमण्डलम् one's own and an enemy's country.-प्रकाश a.1 self-evident.-2 self-luminous.-प्रतिष्ठ a. astringent.-प्रधान a. independent.-प्रयोगात् ind. by means of one's own efforts.-बीजः the soul.-भटः 1 one's own warrior.-2 bodyguard.-भावः 1 own state.-2 an essential or inherent property, natu- ral constitution, innate or peculiar disposition, nature; स्वभावहेतुजा भावाः Mb.12.211.3; पौरुषं कारणं केचिदाहुः कर्मसु मानवाः । दैवमेके प्रशंसन्ति स्वभावमपरे जनाः ॥ 12.238.4; Bg.5.14; स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः Subhāṣ.; so कुटिल˚, शुद्ध˚, मृदु˚, चपल˚, कठिन˚ &c. ˚आत्मक a. natural, inborn; स्वभावतः प्रवृत्तो यः प्राप्नोत्यर्थ न कारणात्। तत् स्वभावात्मकं विद्धि फलं पुरुष- सत्तम ॥ Mb.3.32.19. ˚उक्तिः f.1 spontaneous declara- tion.-2 (in Rhet.) a figure of speech which consists in describing a thing to the life, or with exact resem- blance; स्वभावोक्तिस्तु डिम्भादेः स्वक्रियारूपवर्णनम् K. P.1, or नानावस्थं पदार्थानां रूपं साक्षाद्विवृण्वती Kāv.2.8. ˚ज a. innate, natural. ˚भावः natural disposition. ˚वादः the doctrine that the universe was produced and is sustained by the natural and necessary action of substances according to their inherent properties, (and not by the agency of a Supreme Being). ˚सिद्ध a. natural, sponta- neous, inborn.-भूः m.1 an epithet of Brahman.-2 of Śiva.-3 of Viṣṇu. -f. one's own country, home.-मनीषा own judgement.-मनीषिका indifference.-मात्रेण ind. by one's self.-युतिः the line which joins the extremities of the perpendicular and diagonal.-यूथ्यः a relation.-योनि a. related on the mother's side. (-m., f.) own womb, one's own place of birth. (-f.) a sister or near female relative; रेतःसेकः स्वयोनीषु कुमारीष्वन्त्यजासु च (गुरुतल्पसमं विदुः) Ms.11.58.-रसः 1 natural taste.-2 proper taste or sentiment in com- position.-3 a kind of astringent juice.-4 the residue of oily substances (ground on a stone.)-राज् a.1 self-luminons; त्वमकरणः स्वराडखिलकारकशक्तिधरः Bhāg.1. 87.28.-2 self-wise; Bhāg.1.1.1. -m.1 the Supreme Being.-2 one of the seven rays of the sun.-3 N. of Brahmā; दिदृक्षुरागादृषिभिर्वृतः स्वराट् Bhāg.3.18.2.-4 N. of Viṣṇ&u; हस्तौ च निरभिद्येतां बलं ताभ्यां ततः स्वराट् Bhāg.3. 26.59.-5 a king with a revenue of 5 lacs to one crore Karṣas; ततस्तु कोटिपर्यन्तः स्वराट् सम्राट् ततः परम् Śukra.1. 185.-राज्यम् 1 independent dominion or sovereignty.-2 own kingdom.-राष्ट्रम् own kingdom.-रुचिः one's own pleasure.-रूप a.1 similar, like.-2 handsome, pleasing, lovely.-3 learned, wise.(-पम्) 1 one's own form or shape, natural state or condition; तत्रान्यस्य कथं न भावि जगतो यस्मात् स्वरूपं हि तत् Pt.1.159.-2 natural character or form, true constitution.-3 nature.-4 peculiar aim.-5 kind, sort, species. ˚असिद्धि f. one of the three forms of fallacy called असिद्ध q. v.-लक्षणम् a peculiar characteristic or property.-लोकः 1 one's own form (आत्मरूप); व्यर्थो$पि नैवोपरमेत पुंसां मत्तः परावृत्तधियां स्वलोकात् Bhāg.11.22.34.-2 self-knowledge; पुष्णन् स्वलोकाय न कल्पते वै Bhāg.7.6.16.-बत् a. possessed of property; स्ववती श्रुत्यनुरोधात् ŚB. on MS.6.1.2.-वश a.1 self-controlled.-2 independent.-वहित a.1 self-impelled.-2 alert, active.-वासिनी a woman whether married or unmarried who continues to live after maturity in her father's house.-विग्रहः one's own body.-विषयः one's own country, home.-वृत्तम् one's own business.-वृत्ति a. living by one's own exertions.-संविद् f. the knowledge of one's own or the true essence.-संवृत a. self-protected, self-guarded; मायां नित्यं स्वसंवृतः Ms.7.14.-संवेदनम् knowledge derived from one's self.-संस्था 1 self-abiding.-2 self-possession.-3 ab- sorption in one's own self; उन्मत्तमत्तजडवत्स्वसंस्थां गतस्य मे वीर चिकित्सितेन Bhāg.5.1.13.-स्थ a.1 self-abiding.-2 self-dependent, relying on one's own exer- tions, confident, firm, resolute; स्वस्थं तं सूचयन्तीव वञ्चितो$सीति वीक्षितैः Bu. Ch.4.37.-3 independent.-4 doing well, well, in health, at ease, comfortable; स्वस्थ एवास्मि Māl.4; स्वस्थे को वा न पण्डितः Pt.1.127; see अखस्थ also.-5 contented, happy. (-स्थम्) ind. at ease, comfortably, composedly.-स्थानम् one's own place or home, one's own abode; नक्रः स्वस्थानमासाद्य गजेन्द्रमपि कर्षति Pt.3.46. ˚विवृद्धिः (Mīmāṁsā) augmen- tation in its own place (opp. दण्डकलितवत् आवृत्तिः); तत्र पूर्णे पुनरावृत्तिर्नास्तीति दण्डकलितवद् न स्यात् । न च वृद्ध्या विना तद न्तरं पूर्यते इति स्वस्थानविवृद्धिरागतेति ŚB. on MS.1.5.83.-स्वरूपम् one's true character.-हन्तृ m. suicide.-हरणम् confiscation of property.-हस्तः one's own hand or handwriting, an autograph; see under हस्त.-हस्तिका an axe.-हित a. beneficial to oneself (-तम्) one's own good or advantage, one's own welfare.-हेतुः one's own cause. -
54 nature
nature [natyʀ]1. feminine nounb. ( = caractère) nature• quelle petite nature tu fais ! what a weakling you are!c. ( = sorte) kind• il y a un problème -- de quelle nature ? there's a problem -- what kind of problem?2. invariable adjectivea. ( = sans adjonction) [café] black ; [eau, crêpe, omelette] plain ; [thé] without milk ; [yaourt] natural ; [salade] without dressing3. compounds* * *natyʀ
1.
adjectif invariable1) ( sans additif) [yaourt, fromage blanc] natural; [omelette] plain; [thé] black2) (colloq) ( spontané) [personne] natural
2.
1) ( forces nous gouvernant) nature2) ( environnement) naturelâcher quelqu'un dans la nature — ( en pleine campagne) to leave somebody in the middle of nowhere; fig to let somebody loose
3) ( caractère) natureil est anxieux de nature, il est d'une nature anxieuse — he's nervous by nature
avoir une nature fragile/robuste — to have a delicate/strong constitution
4) ( réalité)plus petit/plus vrai que nature — smaller/more real than life
5) ( objets réels)en nature — [payer] in kind
•Phrasal Verbs:••partir or disparaître dans la nature — (colloq) to vanish into thin air
* * *natyʀ1. nf3) (= caractère) natureCela n'est pas dans sa nature de critiquer. — It isn't in his nature to make criticisms.
4) (= sorte) nature2. adj1) (sans sucre, non aromatisé) (yaourt) plain2) (café, thé) (= sans lait) black3) (= sans sucre) without sugar4) (personne) natural* * *A adj inv1 ( sans additif) [yaourt, fromage blanc] natural; [omelette] plain; [thé] black; à consommer avec du sucre ou nature to be eaten with sugar or on its own;2 ○( spontané) [personne] natural.B nf1 ( forces nous gouvernant) nature; laisser faire la nature to let nature take its course; les lois de la nature the laws of nature; la nature fait bien les choses the ways of nature are wonderful; le pauvre n'a pas été aidé par la nature nature didn't do the poor man any favoursGB; contre nature against nature;2 ( environnement) nature; une merveille de la nature a wonder of nature; les couleurs que l'on trouve dans la nature the coloursGB that are found in nature; vivre au contact de la nature to live close to nature; protection or défense de la nature protection of the environment ou the natural world; une architecture bien intégrée à la nature architecture that fits in well with the natural environment; une nature hostile/sauvage a hostile/wild environment; en pleine nature in the heart of the countryside; lâcher qn dans la nature fig ( en pleine campagne) to leave sb in the middle of nowhere, to let sb loose;3 ( caractère) nature; une nature généreuse a generous nature; une nature impulsive/violente an impulsive/a violent nature; de nature à faire likely to do; une découverte de nature à révolutionner la technique a discovery likely to revolutionize the world of technology; des propositions de nature à rassurer proposals likely to reassure; la vraie nature de qn sb's true ou real nature; je n'y peux rien, c'est ma nature I can't do anything about it, that's just the way I am; il est anxieux de nature, il est d'une nature anxieuse he's nervous by nature, he's naturally nervous; ce n'est pas dans ma nature de m'énerver it's not in my nature to get angry; avoir une nature fragile/robuste to have a delicate/strong constitution; cela tient à la nature même du voyage this is due to the very nature of the trip; de même nature of the same nature; des offres de toute nature offers of all kinds; un déséquilibre de nature économique et démographique an imbalance of an economic and demographical nature;4 ( réalité) peindre d'après nature to paint from life; plus grand/plus petit/plus vrai que nature larger/smaller/more real than life;partir or disparaître dans la nature to vanish into thin air.[natyr] nom féminin1. [univers naturel]laisser faire ou agir la nature let nature take its course2. [campagne]la nature nature, the country, the countrysidedisparaître ou s'évanouir dans la nature to vanish into thin air3. [caractère] naturece n'est pas dans sa nature it's not like him, it's not in his naturec'est dans la nature des choses it's in the nature of things, that's the way the world isc'est une petite nature he's the feeble type ou a weaklingles raisonnements de cette nature this kind of argument, arguments of this kind6. ART————————[natyr] adjectif invariable2. (familier) [simple] naturalcontre nature locution adjectivaledes sentiments/penchants contre nature unnatural feelings/leaningsc'est contre nature it's not natural, it goes against nature————————de nature locution adjectivaleelle est anxieuse de nature she's the worrying kind ou anxious type————————de nature à locution conjonctivelikely ou liable toje ne suis pas de nature à me laisser faire I'm not the kind ou type of person you can push aroundde toute nature locution adjectivaleof all kinds ou types————————en nature locution adverbiale————————par nature locution adverbialeje suis conservateur par nature I'm naturally conservative, I'm conservative by nature -
55 нещо
1. същ. object, thing; something(с въпросителни глаголи) anythingиди си вземи нещата go and get your things/belongingsискам да ти кажа нещо I want to tell you somethingнещо друго? anything else?имаш ли да ми кажеш още нещо? have you anything else to tell me? is there anything else you want to tell me?нещо ново? what news?нещо такова/подобно something like this/that, something of the kind/sort, something in that lineтова е все пак нещо that's something (anyway)как може такова нещо? how's that possible?(как можа да стане такова нещо?) how did that come about?той ще постигне нещо, от него ще стане/излезе нещо he'll get somewhere, he'll make something out of himselfимат го за нещо he's thought highly ofтой се мисли за (много) нещо he thinks a lot of himself, he thinks no end of himself, разг. he thinks no small beer of himselfоставям нещата да следват своя ход/своето развитие let things take their courseсъстоянието на нещата the state of affairsпри сегашното положение на нещата as things areи той е бил нещо някога he has known better daysчаках два часа и нещо I waited for a little more than two hoursедна миля и нещо a little over than a mileнещо естествено a matter of courseнаричам/назовавам нещата със собствените им имена call things by their proper names, call a spade a spadeв реда на нещата е it's a matter of course, it's the natural order of things2. нар. slightly, a bit, somewhatтой е нещо като поет he is a kind of a poet, he is by way of being a poet, he is something of a poetпренебр. he is a poet of sortsнещо повече and what is moreда не ти е нещо роднина? is he by (any) chance a relative of yours? does he happen to be your relative?нещо си неспокоен you seem to be worried* * *нѐщо,ср., -а̀ object, thing; something; ( във въпросителни изречения) anything; в реда на \нещоата е it’s a matter of course, it’s the natural order of things; две мили и \нещоо a little over than two miles; иди си вземи \нещоата go and get your things/belongings; и той е бил \нещоо някога he has known better days; имат го за \нещоо he’s thought highly of; как може такова \нещоо? how’s that possible? какво \нещоо! what a thing? какво \нещоо е човекът man is a funny creature; наричам/назовавам \нещоата със собствените им имена call things by their proper names, call a spade a spade; \нещоата вървят добре it’s all smooth sailing; \нещоо друго? anything else? \нещоо естествено a matter of course; \нещоо ново? what news? \нещоо такова/подобно something like this/that, something of the kind/sort, something in that line; оставям \нещоата да следват своя ход/своето развитие let things take their course; при сегашното положение на \нещоата as things are; сега \нещоо друго and another thing; there’s something else; това е все пак \нещоо that’s something (anyway); той не е \нещоо особено he’s nothing special/much, разг. he’s no great shakes; той се мисли за (много) \нещоо he thinks a lot of himself, he thinks no end of himself, разг. he thinks no small beer of himself; той ще постигне \нещоо, от него ще стане/излезе \нещоо he’ll get somewhere, he’ll make something out of himself.——————нареч. slightly, a bit, somewhat; да не ти е \нещо роднина? is he by (any) chance a relative of yours? does he happen to be your relative? малко \нещо не ми е добре I’m slightly off colour, I’m one degree under; \нещо като (a) sort of; \нещо повече and what is more; \нещо си неспокоен you seem to be worried; той е \нещо като музикант he is a kind of a musician, he is by way of being a musician, he is something of a musician; пренебр. he is a musician of sorts.* * *anything: Give me s.th. to eat. - Дай ми нещо да ям.; stuff; thing* * *1. (как можа да стане такова НЕЩО?) how did that come about? 2. (с въпросителни глаголи) anything 3. 1 същ. object, thing;something 4. 2 нар. slightly, a bit, somewhat 5. НЕЩО друго, още НЕЩО something else 6. НЕЩО друго? anything else? 7. НЕЩО естествено a matter of course 8. НЕЩО като (a) sort of 9. НЕЩО ново? what news? 10. НЕЩО повече and what is more 11. НЕЩО си неспокоен you seem to be worried 12. НЕЩО такова/подобно something like this/that, something of the kind/sort, something in that line 13. в реда на нещата е it's a matter of course, it's the natural order of things 14. да не ти е НЕЩО роднина? is he by (any) chance a relative of yours?does he happen to be your relative? 15. дай ми НЕЩО за ядене give me something to eat 16. една миля и НЕЩО a little over than a mile 17. знаеш ли НЕЩО за нея? do you know anything about her? 18. и той е бил НЕЩО някога he has known better days 19. иди си вземи нещата go and get your things/belongings 20. има НЕЩО в това, което казваш there is something/much in what you say, you have something there 21. имат го за НЕЩО he's thought highly of 22. имаш ли да ми кажеш още НЕЩО ? have you anything else to tell me?is there anything else you want to tell me? 23. искам да ти кажа НЕЩО I want to tell you something 24. как може такова НЕЩО ? how's that possible? 25. какво НЕЩО! what a thing! какво НЕЩО е човекът man is a funny creature 26. малко НЕЩО глух slightly deaf 27. малко НЕЩО не ми е добре I'm slightly off colour, I'm one degree under 28. малко НЕЩО художник a bit of an artist 29. наричам/назовавам нещата със собствените им имена call things by their proper names, call a spade a spade 30. пренебр. he is a poet of sorts 31. при сегашното положение на нещата as things are 32. сега НЕЩО друго and another thing;there's something else 33. състоянието на нещата the state of affairs 34. това е все пак НЕЩО that's something (anyway) 35. той е НЕЩО като поет he is a kind of a poet, he is by way of being a poet, he is something of a poet 36. той е НЕЩО неразположен he is somewhat indisposed 37. той не е НЕЩО особено he's nothing special/much, разг. he's no great shakes: оставям нещата да следват своя ход/своето развитие let things take their course 38. той се мисли за (много) НЕЩО he thinks a lot of himself, he thinks no end of himself, разг. he thinks no small beer of himself 39. той ще постигне НЕЩО, от него ще стане/излезе НЕЩО he'll get somewhere, he'll make something out of himself 40. чаках НЕЩО около половин час I waited for half an hour or so 41. чаках два часа и НЕЩО I waited for a little more than two hours -
56 Person
f; -, -en1. person; einzelne auch: individual; Personen people; 10 Euro pro Person 10 euros each ( oder a head); wir sind vier Personen there are four of us; eine aus zehn Personen bestehende Gruppe a group of ten; für vier Personen Kochrezept: serves four, makes four servings; keine einzige Person not one person, not a single person; ich für meine Person I for my part; as for me, I...; in ( eigener) Person in person, himself ( weiblich: herself); Angaben zur Person personal data; jemanden zur Person vernehmen question s.o. concerning his ( oder her) identity and particulars; sich in der Person irren mistake s.o. for s.o. else; man muss die Person von der Sache trennen you’ve got to keep personal factors out of it; so eine freche Person! umg. cheeky so-and-so; er ist die Geduld in Person he’s the epitome of patience2. THEAT. character, person; die Personen und ihre Darsteller the characters and performers, the cast Sg.; die Personen des Stücks fachspr. dramatis personae4. JUR.: natürliche Person natural person; juristische Person juristic person, corporation, body corporate* * *die Personperson; character* * *Per|son [pɛr'zoːn]f -, -en1) (= Einzelperson) person, individual; (= Charakter) characterPersónen — people, persons (form)
jede Persón bezahlt... — each person or everybody pays...
eine aus 6 Persónen bestehende Familie — a family of 6
ein Vier-Persónen-Haushalt — a four-person household
pro Persón — per person
die eigene Persón — oneself
was seine (eigene) Persón betrifft — as for himself
ich für meine Persón... — I myself..., as for myself I..., I for my part...
in (eigener) Persón erscheinen — to appear in person or personally
er ist Vorsitzender und Schatzmeister in einer Persón — he's the chairman and treasurer rolled into one
jdn zur Persón vernehmen (Jur) — to question sb concerning his identity
Angaben zur Persón machen — to give one's personal details
von Persón bekannt (Jur) — of known identity
natürliche/juristische Persón (Jur) — natural/juristic or artificial person
die drei göttlichen Persónen — the Holy Trinity, God in three persons
eine hochgestellte Persón — a high-ranking personage or person
sie ist die Geduld in Persón — she's patience personified
Tiere treten in Fabeln als Persónen auf — animals figure in fables as human beings or as people
die Persón des Königs ist unantastbar — (the person of) the king is inviolable
es geht um die Persón des Kanzlers, nicht um das Amt — it concerns the chancellor as a person, not the office
lassen wir seine Persón aus dem Spiel — let's leave personalities out of it
wir müssen die Persón von der Sache trennen — we must keep the personal and the factual aspects separate
3) (LITER, THEAT) charactereine stumme Persón — a nonspeaking part
das Verb steht in der ersten Persón Plural — the verb is in the first person plural
* * *die1) (a person: He's an untidy individual.) individual2) (a human being: There's a person outside who wants to speak to you.) person* * *Per·son<-, -en>[pɛrˈzo:n]f1. (einzelner Mensch) person, individualeine hoch gestellte \Person a high-ranking person [or form personage]eine männliche/weibliche \Person a male/femaleeine öffentliche/politische \Person a public/political figureeine seltsam aussehende \Person an odd-looking individualeine mir unbekannte \Person an person unknown to meer ist eine führende \Person in der Musikbranche he's a leading figure in the music industrysie ist genau die \Person, die wir für die Stelle brauchen she's just the person we need for the jobwir müssen die \Person von der Sache trennen we must keep the personal and the factual aspects apartes geht um die \Person des Präsidenten, nicht um das Amt it concerns the President as a person, not the officedie \Person des Königs ist unantastbar [the person of] the king is inviolabledu nimmst deine eigene \Person zu wichtig you take yourself too seriouslydeine \Person soll in dem Bericht nicht erwähnt werden you shall not be mentioned in the reportsie ist unschuldig, sie haben sich in der \Person geirrt she is innocent, it was a case of mistaken identityich/du etc. für meine/deine etc. \Person I/you [or as for] myself/yourselfich für meine \Person stimme zu for my part [or as for myself] I agreepro \Person per personder Eintritt kostet 3 Euro pro \Person the entrance fee is 3 euros per person2. (Leute)es waren ungefähr zehn \Personen da there were about ten peoplePaella kostet 30 Euro für zwei \Personen paella costs 30 euros for two people\Personen sind bei dem Brand nicht umgekommen there was no loss of life in the firedie Familie besteht aus vier \Personen it is a family of fourdas Fahrzeug ist für 4 \Personen zugelassen the vehicle is licensed to carry 4 persons3. (Frau) person, femalesie ist eine faszinierende/ausgesprochen nette \Person she's a fascinating/an extremely kind personsie mag eine nette \Person sein, aber sie ist nicht die Richtige für diese Arbeit she's nice enough as a person, but he's not the right woman for this jobeine gewisse \Person hat mir das gesagt a certain person told me about itin eigener \Person (ohne Anwalt) in personbeschränkt geschäftsfähige \Person person of restricted capacity to contractjuristische \Person legal entity, juristic person; (Körperschaft) corporate bodynatürliche \Person natural personvon \Person bekannt of known identityzur \Person concerning a person's identityAngaben zur \Person machen to give one's personal detailsjdn zur \Person befragen to question sb concerning his identityFragen zur \Person questions to sb on his/her identitydie \Personen der Handlung the characters [in the action], the dramatis personaelustige \Person (veraltet) [stock] comic figureeine stumme \Person a non-speaking partder Roman ist in der ersten \Person geschrieben the novel is written in the first persondas Verb steht in der 3. \Person Singular the verb is in the third person singular7. RELdie drei göttlichen \Personen the Holy Trinity, God in three personslassen wir ihre \Person aus dem Spiel let's leave personalities out of it9.▶ ... in \Person personifieder ist die Geduld/Güte in \Person he's patience/kindness personified▶ in [eigener] \Person personallyin [eigener] \Person erscheinen to appear personally [or in person]der Kanzler in eigener \Person the chancellor in person▶ in einer \Person rolled into oneer ist Politiker und Schauspieler in einer \Person he's a politician and an actor rolled into one* * *die; Person, Personen1) personeine männliche/weibliche Person — a male/female
ich für meine Person... — I for my part...
der Minister in [eigener] Person — the minister in person
sie ist die Güte/Geduld in Person — she is kindness/patience personified or itself
4) o. Pl. (Sprachw.) person* * *1. person; einzelne auch: individual;Personen people;10 Euro pro Person 10 euros each ( oder a head);wir sind vier Personen there are four of us;eine aus zehn Personen bestehende Gruppe a group of ten;für vier Personen Kochrezept: serves four, makes four servings;keine einzige Person not one person, not a single person;ich für meine Person I for my part; as for me, I …;in (eigener) Person in person, himself ( weiblich: herself);Angaben zur Person personal data;jemanden zur Person vernehmen question sb concerning his ( oder her) identity and particulars;sich in der Person irren mistake sb for sb else;man muss die Person von der Sache trennen you’ve got to keep personal factors out of it;so eine freche Person! umg cheeky so-and-so;er ist die Geduld in Person he’s the epitome of patience2. THEAT character, person;die Personen und ihre Darsteller the characters and performers, the cast sg;die Personen des Stücks fachspr dramatis personae3. GRAM:erste Person first person4. JUR:natürliche Person natural person;juristische Person juristic person, corporation, body corporate* * *die; Person, Personen1) personeine männliche/weibliche Person — a male/female
Personen — (als Gruppe) people
ich für meine Person... — I for my part...
der Minister in [eigener] Person — the minister in person
sie ist die Güte/Geduld in Person — she is kindness/patience personified or itself
2) (in der Dichtung, im Film) character4) o. Pl. (Sprachw.) person* * *-en (Theater) f.character n. -en f.character n.person n.(§ pl.: people) -
57 ciencia
f.1 science.a ciencia cierta for certainno se conoce a ciencia cierta el número de víctimas the number of victims isn't known for certainciencias económicas economicsciencias de la información media studiesciencias naturales natural sciencesciencias ocultas occultismciencias políticas political scienceciencias sociales social sciences2 learning, knowledge.* * *1 (disciplina) science2 (saber) knowledge, learning\saber algo a ciencia cierta figurado to know something for certainser un pozo de ciencia to be a well of knowledgeciencia ficción science fictionciencia infusa intuitionciencias empresariales business studiesciencias exactas mathematics singciencias naturales natural sciencesciencias ocultas the occult sing* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=conocimiento) scienceno tener mucha ciencia —
ciencia infusa, lo sabe por ciencia infusa — iró he has God-given intelligence
2) (=doctrina) science, sciences plciencias sociales — social science, social sciences pl
* * *a) ( rama del saber) science; (saber, conocimiento) knowledge, learninga ciencia cierta — for sure, for certain
b) ciencias femenino plural (Educ) science* * *= scholarship, science.Ex. The most important of the functions of librarians is the collection, preservation and affording access to the materials of scholarship.Ex. Thus we all agree that one component of a building is a roof (and not vice versa!), and that chemistry is a branch of science.----* academia de las ciencias = academy of sciences.* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.* alfabetización en ciencias de la salud = health literacy.* árbol de la ciencia, el = tree of knowledge, the.* biblioteca de ciencias = science library.* biblioteca de ciencias de la salud = health sciences library, health library.* Biblioteca Nacional de Préstamo para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (NLL) = National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL).* bibliotecario de ciencias de la salud = health librarian.* bibliotecario de las ciencias de la salud = health sciences librarian.* centro de las ciencias = science centre.* ciencia aplicada = applied science.* Ciencia Cristiana, la = Christian Science.* ciencia de la comunicación = communication science.* ciencia de las zonas polares = polar science.* ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.* ciencia del libro = bookmanship.* ciencia de los alimentos = food science.* ciencia del suelo = soil science.* ciencia experimental = hard sciences, the.* ciencia ficción = science fiction, sci-fi.* ciencia forense = forensic science.* ciencia médica = medical science.* ciencia militar = military science.* ciencia mundial = world science.* ciencias = science and technology.* ciencias agrícolas = agricultural economics.* ciencias biológicas = biological sciences.* ciencias biomédicas = biomedical sciences.* ciencias de la atmósfera = atmospheric sciences.* ciencias de la computación = computer science, computational science.* ciencias de la computación y tecnología informática = computer science and technology.* ciencias de la construcción = building sciences.* ciencias de la documentación = information science, library science.* ciencias de la educación = educational science.* ciencias de la navegación = nautical science.* ciencias de la salud = health sciences.* ciencias de las plantas = plant science(s).* ciencias de la tierra = geosciences.* ciencias de la tierra, las = earth sciences, the.* ciencias de la vida = biosciences.* ciencias de la vida, las = life sciences, the.* ciencias del comportamiento = behavioural sciences.* ciencias del espacio, las = space science(s), the.* ciencias del mar = aquatic sciences.* ciencias del mar, las = ocean sciences, the.* ciencias de los materiales = materials sciences.* ciencias domésticas = domestic science.* ciencias duras, las = hard sciences, the.* ciencias exactas, las = exact sciences, the, hard sciences, the.* ciencias físicas = physical science.* ciencias forestales = forestry.* ciencias históricas = historical sciences.* ciencias humanas = human science.* ciencias naturales = natural sciences.* ciencias navales = ship science.* ciencias planetarias, las = planetary sciences, the.* ciencias políticas = political science.* ciencias puras = pure sciences.* ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.* ciencias sociales = social sciences, soft sciences, the, social studies.* ciencia virtual = e-science.* ciencia y tecnología = sci-tech [scitech o sci/tech].* Ciencia y Tecnología (C + T) = S & T (Science and Technology).* ciencia y tecnología de los alimentos = food science and technology.* ciencia y tecnología de los materiales = materials science and technology.* científico de las ciencias de la tierra = geoscientist.* conocer a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.* delegación de educación y ciencia = local education authority (LEA).* enseñanza de las ciencias = science education.* especialista en ciencias de la tierra = earth scientist.* estudiante de ciencias de la educación = education student, student teacher.* facultad de ciencias de la educación = teachers college, teacher training college.* filosofía de la ciencia = philosophy of science.* Fundación Nacional para las Ciencias (NSF) = National Science Foundation (NSF).* humanidades y ciencias sociales = arts and social sciences.* Indice de Citas de Ciencia (SCI) = Science Citation Index (SCI).* Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SSCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).* investigación en ciencias de la documentación = information science research.* Licenciatura de Ciencias = M.Sc. (Master of Science).* Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia = Department of Education and Science.* mundo de la ciencia, el = world of science, the, scientific world, the.* museo de ciencias naturales = natural science museum.* museo de las ciencias = science museum.* no es una ciencia exacta = not (exactly) rocket science.* novela de ciencia ficción = science fiction novel.* relacionado con las ciencias = science-related.* revista de ciencia y tecnología = science and technology journal.* saber a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.* saber a ciencia cierta que = know + for a fact that.* ser una ciencia exacta = be an exact science.* sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.* tecnología de la información para ciencias de la salud = health informatics.* * *a) ( rama del saber) science; (saber, conocimiento) knowledge, learninga ciencia cierta — for sure, for certain
b) ciencias femenino plural (Educ) science* * *= scholarship, science.Ex: The most important of the functions of librarians is the collection, preservation and affording access to the materials of scholarship.
Ex: Thus we all agree that one component of a building is a roof (and not vice versa!), and that chemistry is a branch of science.* academia de las ciencias = academy of sciences.* a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.* alfabetización en ciencias de la salud = health literacy.* árbol de la ciencia, el = tree of knowledge, the.* biblioteca de ciencias = science library.* biblioteca de ciencias de la salud = health sciences library, health library.* Biblioteca Nacional de Préstamo para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (NLL) = National Lending Library for Science and Technology (NLL).* bibliotecario de ciencias de la salud = health librarian.* bibliotecario de las ciencias de la salud = health sciences librarian.* centro de las ciencias = science centre.* ciencia aplicada = applied science.* Ciencia Cristiana, la = Christian Science.* ciencia de la comunicación = communication science.* ciencia de las zonas polares = polar science.* ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.* ciencia del libro = bookmanship.* ciencia de los alimentos = food science.* ciencia del suelo = soil science.* ciencia experimental = hard sciences, the.* ciencia ficción = science fiction, sci-fi.* ciencia forense = forensic science.* ciencia médica = medical science.* ciencia militar = military science.* ciencia mundial = world science.* ciencias = science and technology.* ciencias agrícolas = agricultural economics.* ciencias biológicas = biological sciences.* ciencias biomédicas = biomedical sciences.* ciencias de la atmósfera = atmospheric sciences.* ciencias de la computación = computer science, computational science.* ciencias de la computación y tecnología informática = computer science and technology.* ciencias de la construcción = building sciences.* ciencias de la documentación = information science, library science.* ciencias de la educación = educational science.* ciencias de la navegación = nautical science.* ciencias de la salud = health sciences.* ciencias de las plantas = plant science(s).* ciencias de la tierra = geosciences.* ciencias de la tierra, las = earth sciences, the.* ciencias de la vida = biosciences.* ciencias de la vida, las = life sciences, the.* ciencias del comportamiento = behavioural sciences.* ciencias del espacio, las = space science(s), the.* ciencias del mar = aquatic sciences.* ciencias del mar, las = ocean sciences, the.* ciencias de los materiales = materials sciences.* ciencias domésticas = domestic science.* ciencias duras, las = hard sciences, the.* ciencias exactas, las = exact sciences, the, hard sciences, the.* ciencias físicas = physical science.* ciencias forestales = forestry.* ciencias históricas = historical sciences.* ciencias humanas = human science.* ciencias naturales = natural sciences.* ciencias navales = ship science.* ciencias planetarias, las = planetary sciences, the.* ciencias políticas = political science.* ciencias puras = pure sciences.* ciencias sobre la vida en el espacio = space life sciences.* ciencias sociales = social sciences, soft sciences, the, social studies.* ciencia virtual = e-science.* ciencia y tecnología = sci-tech [scitech o sci/tech].* Ciencia y Tecnología (C + T) = S & T (Science and Technology).* ciencia y tecnología de los alimentos = food science and technology.* ciencia y tecnología de los materiales = materials science and technology.* científico de las ciencias de la tierra = geoscientist.* conocer a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.* delegación de educación y ciencia = local education authority (LEA).* enseñanza de las ciencias = science education.* especialista en ciencias de la tierra = earth scientist.* estudiante de ciencias de la educación = education student, student teacher.* facultad de ciencias de la educación = teachers college, teacher training college.* filosofía de la ciencia = philosophy of science.* Fundación Nacional para las Ciencias (NSF) = National Science Foundation (NSF).* humanidades y ciencias sociales = arts and social sciences.* Indice de Citas de Ciencia (SCI) = Science Citation Index (SCI).* Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SSCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).* investigación en ciencias de la documentación = information science research.* Licenciatura de Ciencias = M.Sc. (Master of Science).* Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia = Department of Education and Science.* mundo de la ciencia, el = world of science, the, scientific world, the.* museo de ciencias naturales = natural science museum.* museo de las ciencias = science museum.* no es una ciencia exacta = not (exactly) rocket science.* novela de ciencia ficción = science fiction novel.* relacionado con las ciencias = science-related.* revista de ciencia y tecnología = science and technology journal.* saber a ciencia cierta = know for + certain, know for + sure, know for + a fact.* saber a ciencia cierta que = know + for a fact that.* ser una ciencia exacta = be an exact science.* sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.* tecnología de la información para ciencias de la salud = health informatics.* * *1 (rama del saber) science; (saber, conocimiento) knowledge, learninglos adelantos de la ciencia scientific advances, the advances of sciencea ciencia cierta for sure, for certainno tiene ninguna ciencia there's nothing difficult o complicated about itCompuestos:soil sciencespace sciencescience fictionfpl Educationfpl Media Studiesfpl Business Studiesfpl exact sciencesfpl natural science(s)fpl occultismfpl Political Science, Politics* * *
ciencia sustantivo femenino
(saber, conocimiento) knowledge, learning;
a ciencia cierta for sure, for certainb)
Cciencias Empresariales/de la Información Business/Media Studies;
Cciencias Políticas/de la Educación Politics/Education
ciencia sustantivo femenino
1 science
2 frml (conocimiento) knowledge: descorchar un botella no tiene mucha ciencia, there is no mystery about uncorking a bottle
3 ciencia ficción, science fiction
irón ciencia infusa, divine inspiration
ciencias ocultas, the occult sing
♦ Locuciones: a ciencia cierta, for certain: lo sé a ciencia cierta, I'm absolutely sure o I know it for certain
' ciencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
divulgación
- estadística
- interés
- jurisprudencia
- mecánica
- óptica
- ortopedia
- padre
- ramo
- reino
- toponimia
- acústica
- adelanto
- aeronáutica
- avanzar
- contabilidad
- dedicar
- economía
- evolucionar
- ramificarse
- triunfo
- veterinaria
English:
advancement
- area
- branch
- certain
- data processing
- economics
- electronic
- forestry
- medicine
- sci-fi
- science
- science fiction
- statistics
- surgery
- social
- wishful thinking
* * *♦ nf1. [método, estudio] science;la ciencia ya no puede hacer nada para salvar al enfermo science is unable to do anything more to help the patient;la astronomía es la ciencia que estudia los cuerpos celestes astronomy is the science in which heavenly bodies are studiedciencias aplicadas applied sciences;ciencias biológicas life sciences;ciencia del conocimiento cognitive science;ciencias económicas economics [singular];ciencias empresariales business studies;ciencias exactas mathematics [singular];ciencia ficción science fiction;ciencias físicas physical sciences;ciencias de la información media studies;ciencias naturales natural sciences;ciencias ocultas occultism;ciencias políticas political science;ciencias de la salud medical sciences;ciencias sociales social sciences;ciencias de la Tierra earth sciences2. [sabiduría] learning, knowledge;Famtener poca ciencia to be straightforward;la cocina tiene poca ciencia, pero requiere mucho sentido común cooking doesn't require a lot of skill, but you do need to use common sense;Humpor ciencia infusa through divine inspirationsoy de ciencias I studied scienceciencias mixtas = secondary school course comprising mainly science subjects but including some arts subjects;ciencias puras = secondary school course comprising science subjects only♦ a ciencia cierta loc advfor certain;no se conoce a ciencia cierta el número de víctimas the number of victims isn't known for certain* * *f1 science;a ciencia cierta for certain, for sure;ser un pozo de ciencia fam be a fount of knowledge2:ciencias (naturales) natural sciences* * *ciencia nf1) : science2) : learning, knowledge3)a ciencia cierta : for a fact, for certain* * *ciencia n science -
58 defender
v.1 to defend.defender los intereses de alguien to defend somebody's interestsdefendió su teoría con sólidos argumentos he supported his theory with sound argumentsElsa defiende su posición Elsa defends her position.Elsa defiende los derechos humanos Elsa defends human rights.2 to protect (proteger) (del frío, calor).* * *1 (gen) to defend (contra/de, against)2 (mantener una opinión, afirmación) to defend, uphold; (respaldar a alguien) to stand up for, support3 (proteger) to protect (contra/de, against/from)1 (espabilarse) to manage, get by, get along■ ¿qué tal se defiende en inglés? how does she get by in English?, what's her English like?\defender una causa DERECHO to argue a case* * *verb* * *1.VT (Mil) [+ país, territorio, intereses] to defend; [+ causa, ideas] to defend, champion; (Jur) to defendel Real Madrid defiende el título de campeón — Real Madrid are defending the championship title, Real Madrid are the defending champions
defiendo la tesis doctoral el mes que viene — I'm having a viva on o (EEUU) I'm defending my doctoral thesis next month
2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivosiempre defiende a su hermana — he always defends o stands up for his sister
defender a alguien de algo/alguien — to defend somebody against something/somebody
b) < intereses> to protect, defend; <derechos/título> to defendc) (Der) to defendd) <idea/teoría/opinión> to defend, uphold; <causa/ideal> to champion, defend2.defender la tesis — ≈to defend one's dissertation ( in US), ≈to have a viva on one's thesis ( in UK)
defenderse v prona) (refl) ( contra una agresión) to defend o protect oneself; (Der) to defend oneselfdefenderse de algo/alguien — to defend oneself against something/somebody
b) (fam) ( arreglárselas) to get by (colloq)* * *= advocate, argue, argue + in favour of, be + Posesivo + contention, contend, defend, espouse, maintain, make + apology, make + a case for, plead for, put + the case for, uphold, crusade for, preach, preach, champion, speak up for, speak up for, articulate + the case for, present + case for, mount + defence, strike + a blow for, raise + the flag of, come down in + favour of, stick up for, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, stand for.Ex. In order to understand the citation order that PRECIS indexing advocates it is necessary to examine the function of the operators more closely.Ex. Cutter argued that when it could be established that the second term was definitely more significant then inversion of headings was acceptable.Ex. Despite the present financial straits of developing countries, she argues in favour of long-term plan for the acquisition of relevant rare book material.Ex. It is our contention that an understanding of such basic principles is fundamental to an appreciation of the many and varied contexts that the individual is likely to encounter.Ex. The author contends that it is possible to view the search conducted with the aid of a series of menus as having strong similarities with the search through the hierarchy of a enumerative classification scheme.Ex. A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.Ex. They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.Ex. My perspective, for which I make no apology, is that of someone who works daily with the nitty-gritty of cataloging, as many of you do.Ex. This point-by-point evaluation makes a fairly convincing case for the public access online catalogue.Ex. I would plead for more standardization, not less, because I think whatever we do is going to be imperfect.Ex. A more moderate approach is found in the writings of Olding, who puts the case for multiple entry very concisely in a short pamphlet.Ex. It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex. There are also dedicated individuals within government who have found a niche from which to crusade for school libraries.Ex. A major failing of the information industry is that its members tend to preach to one another whereas what they should be doing is talking to everyone else outside the information industry.Ex. A major failing of the information industry is that its members tend to preach to one another whereas what they should be doing is talking to everyone else outside the information industry.Ex. In particular he championed free photoduplication of library materials as a natural extension of library services to patrons at a distance.Ex. Many people voiced fears that volunteers would be used to take over paid jobs from the workforce, but others spoke up for volunteers saying that in many cases they had created extra jobs for the permanent staff.Ex. Many people voiced fears that volunteers would be used to take over paid jobs from the workforce, but others spoke up for volunteers saying that in many cases they had created extra jobs for the permanent staff.Ex. Moreover, in addition to quantitative measures, qualitative indicators of benefits should be considered so as to present a complete picture when articulating the case for a library's total positive impact.Ex. An MP, a barrister, and a financial consultant present the case for charging Value Added Tax (VAT) on books.Ex. The author mounts a spirited defence of the National Library of Australia future collecting priorities.Ex. In an effort to save US culture, strike a blow for reading, and correct well intentioned but misguided notions about the Internet making libraries obsolete, offers ten reasons why the Internet is no substitute for a library..Ex. The Augustinian order kept his theological tradition, and raised the flag of the Augustinian thought before and after the German reformer.Ex. The author comes down in favour of adding notes to cataloguing records on the grounds that the educational purpose that they are intended to serve is clear.Ex. He states that he has always admired Woody Allen, explaining that when he first saw his films he was happy to see that someone was sticking up for the little guy.Ex. It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.Ex. The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.Ex. I will stand for your rights as my forefathers did before me!.----* defender a = put + a word in for.* defender a Alguien = stand up for.* defender Algo = argue + Posesivo + corner.* defender el fuerte = hold + the fortress.* defender el honor de Uno = defend + Posesivo + honour.* defender enérgicamente = be vociferous about/in.* defender la causa de = further + the cause of.* defender la necesidad = articulate + the need.* defender la necesidad de = support + the case for.* defender lo indenfensible = defend + the indefensible.* defender los derechos de Uno = stand up for + Posesivo + rights.* defender los intereses = defend + interests, lobby for + interests.* defender los intereses de = go to + bat for, bat for.* defender los principios de Uno = stand up for + Posesivo + principles.* defender + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.* defender + Posesivo + caso = take up + Posesivo + case.* defender + Posesivo + causa = advance + Posesivo + cause.* defender + Posesivo + idea = support + Posesivo + case.* defender + Posesivo + postura = argue + Posesivo + case.* defenderse = bite back, stand up, strike back, fight back, fight for + Posesivo + life.* defenderse de ataques = ward off + attacks.* defenderse por uno mismo = fend for + Reflexivo.* defender una causa = promote + cause, support + cause, champion + cause.* defender una idea = champion + idea.* defender un argumento = support + view.* defender un opinión = support + view.* saber defenderse = hold + Posesivo + own.* * *1.verbo transitivosiempre defiende a su hermana — he always defends o stands up for his sister
defender a alguien de algo/alguien — to defend somebody against something/somebody
b) < intereses> to protect, defend; <derechos/título> to defendc) (Der) to defendd) <idea/teoría/opinión> to defend, uphold; <causa/ideal> to champion, defend2.defender la tesis — ≈to defend one's dissertation ( in US), ≈to have a viva on one's thesis ( in UK)
defenderse v prona) (refl) ( contra una agresión) to defend o protect oneself; (Der) to defend oneselfdefenderse de algo/alguien — to defend oneself against something/somebody
b) (fam) ( arreglárselas) to get by (colloq)* * *= advocate, argue, argue + in favour of, be + Posesivo + contention, contend, defend, espouse, maintain, make + apology, make + a case for, plead for, put + the case for, uphold, crusade for, preach, preach, champion, speak up for, speak up for, articulate + the case for, present + case for, mount + defence, strike + a blow for, raise + the flag of, come down in + favour of, stick up for, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, stand for.Ex: In order to understand the citation order that PRECIS indexing advocates it is necessary to examine the function of the operators more closely.
Ex: Cutter argued that when it could be established that the second term was definitely more significant then inversion of headings was acceptable.Ex: Despite the present financial straits of developing countries, she argues in favour of long-term plan for the acquisition of relevant rare book material.Ex: It is our contention that an understanding of such basic principles is fundamental to an appreciation of the many and varied contexts that the individual is likely to encounter.Ex: The author contends that it is possible to view the search conducted with the aid of a series of menus as having strong similarities with the search through the hierarchy of a enumerative classification scheme.Ex: A respondent is a candidate for a degree who, in an academic disputation, defends or opposes a thesis proposed by the praeses (q.v.); also called the defendant.Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.Ex: They maintain, in an article written for Library Resources and Technical Services (LRTS) 'that automated cataloging systems have addressed only half of the problems of maintaining a library catalog'.Ex: My perspective, for which I make no apology, is that of someone who works daily with the nitty-gritty of cataloging, as many of you do.Ex: This point-by-point evaluation makes a fairly convincing case for the public access online catalogue.Ex: I would plead for more standardization, not less, because I think whatever we do is going to be imperfect.Ex: A more moderate approach is found in the writings of Olding, who puts the case for multiple entry very concisely in a short pamphlet.Ex: It's about time that we go back to these principles and make sure that the quality of cataloging is upheld.Ex: There are also dedicated individuals within government who have found a niche from which to crusade for school libraries.Ex: A major failing of the information industry is that its members tend to preach to one another whereas what they should be doing is talking to everyone else outside the information industry.Ex: A major failing of the information industry is that its members tend to preach to one another whereas what they should be doing is talking to everyone else outside the information industry.Ex: In particular he championed free photoduplication of library materials as a natural extension of library services to patrons at a distance.Ex: Many people voiced fears that volunteers would be used to take over paid jobs from the workforce, but others spoke up for volunteers saying that in many cases they had created extra jobs for the permanent staff.Ex: Many people voiced fears that volunteers would be used to take over paid jobs from the workforce, but others spoke up for volunteers saying that in many cases they had created extra jobs for the permanent staff.Ex: Moreover, in addition to quantitative measures, qualitative indicators of benefits should be considered so as to present a complete picture when articulating the case for a library's total positive impact.Ex: An MP, a barrister, and a financial consultant present the case for charging Value Added Tax (VAT) on books.Ex: The author mounts a spirited defence of the National Library of Australia future collecting priorities.Ex: In an effort to save US culture, strike a blow for reading, and correct well intentioned but misguided notions about the Internet making libraries obsolete, offers ten reasons why the Internet is no substitute for a library..Ex: The Augustinian order kept his theological tradition, and raised the flag of the Augustinian thought before and after the German reformer.Ex: The author comes down in favour of adding notes to cataloguing records on the grounds that the educational purpose that they are intended to serve is clear.Ex: He states that he has always admired Woody Allen, explaining that when he first saw his films he was happy to see that someone was sticking up for the little guy.Ex: It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.Ex: I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.Ex: The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.Ex: I will stand for your rights as my forefathers did before me!.* defender a = put + a word in for.* defender a Alguien = stand up for.* defender Algo = argue + Posesivo + corner.* defender el fuerte = hold + the fortress.* defender el honor de Uno = defend + Posesivo + honour.* defender enérgicamente = be vociferous about/in.* defender la causa de = further + the cause of.* defender la necesidad = articulate + the need.* defender la necesidad de = support + the case for.* defender lo indenfensible = defend + the indefensible.* defender los derechos de Uno = stand up for + Posesivo + rights.* defender los intereses = defend + interests, lobby for + interests.* defender los intereses de = go to + bat for, bat for.* defender los principios de Uno = stand up for + Posesivo + principles.* defender + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.* defender + Posesivo + caso = take up + Posesivo + case.* defender + Posesivo + causa = advance + Posesivo + cause.* defender + Posesivo + idea = support + Posesivo + case.* defender + Posesivo + postura = argue + Posesivo + case.* defenderse = bite back, stand up, strike back, fight back, fight for + Posesivo + life.* defenderse de ataques = ward off + attacks.* defenderse por uno mismo = fend for + Reflexivo.* defender una causa = promote + cause, support + cause, champion + cause.* defender una idea = champion + idea.* defender un argumento = support + view.* defender un opinión = support + view.* saber defenderse = hold + Posesivo + own.* * *defender [E8 ]vt1 (proteger) ‹guarnición/nación› to defend, protect; ‹persona› to defendsiempre defiende a su hermana he always defends o protects o stands up for his sisterdefender a algn DE algo/algn to defend sb AGAINST sth/sbla defendió de las acusaciones/de sus atacantes he defended her against the accusations/against her attackers2 ‹intereses› to protect, defend; ‹derechos› to defend; ‹título› to defend3 ( Der) ‹caso› to defend; ‹acusado/cliente› to defend4 ‹idea/teoría/opinión› to defend, uphold; ‹causa/ideal› to champion, defenddefender la tesis ≈ to defend one's dissertation ( in US), ≈ to have a viva on one's thesis ( in UK)1 ( refl) (contra una agresión) to defend o protect oneself; ( Der) to defend oneself defenderse DE algo/algn to defend oneself AGAINST sth/sbme defiendo bastante bien en francés I can get by quite well in French¿sabes jugar al tenis? — bueno, me defiendo can you play tennis? — well, I'm not too bad ( colloq)* * *
defender ( conjugate defender) verbo transitivo
to defend;
‹ intereses› to protect;
defender a algo/algn de algo/algn to defend sth/sb against sth/sb
defenderse verbo pronominal
(Der) to defend oneself;
defenderse de algo/algn to defend oneself against sth/sb
defender verbo transitivo to defend [contra, against] [de, from]
' defender' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
defensa
- defensor
- defensora
- muerte
- resguardar
- uña
- unirse
- valedor
- valedora
- defienda
English:
argue
- defend
- defender
- guard
- leg
- plead
- speak up
- stand up
- stick up for
- uphold
- advocate
- champion
- speak
- stand
- stick
* * *♦ vt1. [país, ideas] to defend;[amigo] to stand up for; Dep [contrario, delantero] to mark;defender a alguien de algo to defend sb from o against sth;defender los derechos/intereses de alguien to defend sb's rights/interests;defendió su teoría con sólidos argumentos he supported his theory with sound arguments;Depdefender el título to defend the title;defender algo a capa y espada to defend sth tooth and nail2. [reo, acusado] to defend♦ viDep to mark;defender al hombre to mark man for man, to man-mark;defender en zona to use a zone defence* * *I v/t1 defend (de against)2 en fútbol mark* * *defender {56} vt: to defend, to protect* * *defender vb1. (en general) to defend2. (proteger) to protect -
59 objeto
m.1 object (asunto, cosa).ser objeto de to be the object ofobjetos de valor valuablesobjeto volador no identificado unidentified flying object2 purpose, object.el objeto de la visita the purpose o object of the visittener por objeto to be aimed at; (sujeto: plan) to have as one's aim (sujeto: persona)¿con qué objeto? to what end?sin objeto to no purpose, pointlessly (inútilmente)al o con objeto de hacer algo in order to do something, with the aim of doing st3 body, solid body.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: objetar.* * *1 (cosa) object2 (fin) aim, purpose, object3 (finalidad) intention■ ¿con qué objeto acudió Vd. al domicilio de la acusada? with what intention did you visit the home of the accused?4 (blanco) object5 (tema) subject\sin objeto pointlesslycon objeto de in order tono tiene objeto que + subjuntivo there's no point in + gerundtener por objeto + inf to be designed to + infobjetos de regalo giftsobjetos de valor valuablesobjetos perdidos lost property sing* * *noun m.1) object2) objective* * *SM1) (=cosa) objectobjetos de regalo — giftware sing, gifts
2) (=propósito) object, aimdesconocían el objeto de su visita — they did not know the object o aim of his visit
al o con objeto de hacer algo — with the object o aim of doing sth
estas medidas tienen por objeto reducir la inflación — the aim of these measures is to reduce inflation
no tiene objeto que sigas preguntándome — there's no point in you continuing to ask me, it's no use you continuing to ask me
3) (=blanco) objectfue objeto de un asalto — he was the target of an attack, he suffered an attack
4) (Ling) object* * *1) ( cosa) objectobjetos de uso personal — items o articles for personal use
objetos perdidos — lost and found (AmE), lost property (BrE)
2) ( finalidad) objecttuvo por objeto facilitar el diálogo — the aim o objective was to make it easier to hold talks
con el objeto de coordinar la operación — in order to coordinate o with the aim of coordinating the operation
3)a) (de admiración, críticas) objectb) (Ling) objectc) ( de ciencia) object* * *= artifact [artefact], body, focus, object, object, locus [loci, -pl.], physical object, butt, artefact [artifact].Ex. There is also a review by Ken Bierman of the future of the catalog insofar as it is a physical artifact.Ex. Cartographic materials are, according to AACR2, all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body.Ex. Our focus in this text is on the first stage in the following diagram.Ex. The object of classification is to group related subjects.Ex. An object is a tree-dimensional artefact (or replica of an artefact) or a specimen of a naturally occurring entity.Ex. The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.Ex. The rolls, which it was customary to keep in the bosom, contained exhortations, messages and promises and were considered very valuable as physical objects.Ex. The author discusses art critic Harry Quilter, usually remembered today as 'Arry,' the butt of merciless lampooning by J.M. Whistler.Ex. An artefact is any object made or modified by man.----* basado en el objeto = artefact-centred [artefact-centered, -USA].* basado en los objetos = object-specific.* centrado en el objeto = artefact-centred [artefact-centered, -USA].* colección de objetos de las artes escénicas = theatre arts collection.* con el objeto de = in the attempt to, in the drive to, in a drive to.* con objeto de = in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of.* con objeto de hacer = toward(s).* con objeto de (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).* con objeto de + Verbo = for the purpose of + Nombre.* conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.* DOI (Identificador de Objeto Digital) = DOI (Digital Object Identifier).* gestión de objetos = object management.* indización según el objeto = entity-oriented indexing.* lenguaje de objetos = object language.* libro como objeto = book-object.* mujer objeto = sex object.* objeto coleccionable = collectable item, collectable, collectible, collectible item.* objeto cultural = cultural object.* objeto curioso = knick knack.* objeto de aprendizaje = learning object.* objeto de arte = art object.* objeto de barro = earthenware.* objeto de bronce = bronze.* objeto de burla = object of ridicule.* objeto de culto = cult object.* objeto de curiosidad = object of curiosity.* objeto de delito contra el estado = impeachable.* objeto de estudio = subject, object of study, under study.* objeto de información electrónico = electronic information object.* objeto de interés = object of interest.* objeto del debate = at issue.* objeto de valor = valuable.* objeto de valor cultural = cultural valuable.* objeto en forma de caja = enclosure.* objeto expuesto = exhibit.* objeto lacado = lacquer.* objeto material = material object.* objeto natural = natural object.* objeto que da consuelo = comforter.* objetos curiosos = bric-a-brac.* objetos de bronce = brassware.* objetos de Eslovenia = Slovenica.* objetos de valor = valuables.* objetos esotéricos = esoterica.* objeto sexual = sex object.* objetos naturales = realia.* objetos o estilo asociado a Canadá = Canadiana.* objetos o estilo asociado a los Estados Unidos de América = Americana.* objetos o estilo asociado o conmemorativo de Gandhi = Gandhiana.* objetos perdidos = lost property, lost property, lost and found.* objetos y utensilios de escritura = stationery.* objeto tridimensional = three-dimensional object.* objeto volador = flying object.* Objeto Volador No Identificado (OVNI) = UFO (Unidentified Flying Object).* orientado hacia el objeto = object-oriented, artefact-centred [artefact-centered, -USA].* perder un objeto personal = lose + property.* programación orientada a objetos = object-oriented programming (OOP).* programa objeto = object program(me).* ser objeto de = be a matter for/of, be subject to, experience, come in for, run + the gauntlet of, make + Nombre + subject to.* ser objeto de crítica = attract + criticism, come in + for criticism, be under criticism, be subjected to + criticism, be (the) subject of/to criticism, take + heat.* ser objeto de debate = be at issue.* ser objeto de discriminación = suffer + discrimination.* tratar como un objeto = objectify.* * *1) ( cosa) objectobjetos de uso personal — items o articles for personal use
objetos perdidos — lost and found (AmE), lost property (BrE)
2) ( finalidad) objecttuvo por objeto facilitar el diálogo — the aim o objective was to make it easier to hold talks
con el objeto de coordinar la operación — in order to coordinate o with the aim of coordinating the operation
3)a) (de admiración, críticas) objectb) (Ling) objectc) ( de ciencia) object* * *= artifact [artefact], body, focus, object, object, locus [loci, -pl.], physical object, butt, artefact [artifact].Ex: There is also a review by Ken Bierman of the future of the catalog insofar as it is a physical artifact.
Ex: Cartographic materials are, according to AACR2, all the materials that represent, in whole or in part, the earth or any celestial body.Ex: Our focus in this text is on the first stage in the following diagram.Ex: The object of classification is to group related subjects.Ex: An object is a tree-dimensional artefact (or replica of an artefact) or a specimen of a naturally occurring entity.Ex: The locus of government policy making has been shifted to the Ministry of Research and Technology.Ex: The rolls, which it was customary to keep in the bosom, contained exhortations, messages and promises and were considered very valuable as physical objects.Ex: The author discusses art critic Harry Quilter, usually remembered today as 'Arry,' the butt of merciless lampooning by J.M. Whistler.Ex: An artefact is any object made or modified by man.* basado en el objeto = artefact-centred [artefact-centered, -USA].* basado en los objetos = object-specific.* centrado en el objeto = artefact-centred [artefact-centered, -USA].* colección de objetos de las artes escénicas = theatre arts collection.* con el objeto de = in the attempt to, in the drive to, in a drive to.* con objeto de = in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of.* con objeto de hacer = toward(s).* con objeto de (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).* con objeto de + Verbo = for the purpose of + Nombre.* conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.* DOI (Identificador de Objeto Digital) = DOI (Digital Object Identifier).* gestión de objetos = object management.* indización según el objeto = entity-oriented indexing.* lenguaje de objetos = object language.* libro como objeto = book-object.* mujer objeto = sex object.* objeto coleccionable = collectable item, collectable, collectible, collectible item.* objeto cultural = cultural object.* objeto curioso = knick knack.* objeto de aprendizaje = learning object.* objeto de arte = art object.* objeto de barro = earthenware.* objeto de bronce = bronze.* objeto de burla = object of ridicule.* objeto de culto = cult object.* objeto de curiosidad = object of curiosity.* objeto de delito contra el estado = impeachable.* objeto de estudio = subject, object of study, under study.* objeto de información electrónico = electronic information object.* objeto de interés = object of interest.* objeto del debate = at issue.* objeto de valor = valuable.* objeto de valor cultural = cultural valuable.* objeto en forma de caja = enclosure.* objeto expuesto = exhibit.* objeto lacado = lacquer.* objeto material = material object.* objeto natural = natural object.* objeto que da consuelo = comforter.* objetos curiosos = bric-a-brac.* objetos de bronce = brassware.* objetos de Eslovenia = Slovenica.* objetos de valor = valuables.* objetos esotéricos = esoterica.* objeto sexual = sex object.* objetos naturales = realia.* objetos o estilo asociado a Canadá = Canadiana.* objetos o estilo asociado a los Estados Unidos de América = Americana.* objetos o estilo asociado o conmemorativo de Gandhi = Gandhiana.* objetos perdidos = lost property, lost property, lost and found.* objetos y utensilios de escritura = stationery.* objeto tridimensional = three-dimensional object.* objeto volador = flying object.* Objeto Volador No Identificado (OVNI) = UFO (Unidentified Flying Object).* orientado hacia el objeto = object-oriented, artefact-centred [artefact-centered, -USA].* perder un objeto personal = lose + property.* programación orientada a objetos = object-oriented programming (OOP).* programa objeto = object program(me).* ser objeto de = be a matter for/of, be subject to, experience, come in for, run + the gauntlet of, make + Nombre + subject to.* ser objeto de crítica = attract + criticism, come in + for criticism, be under criticism, be subjected to + criticism, be (the) subject of/to criticism, take + heat.* ser objeto de debate = be at issue.* ser objeto de discriminación = suffer + discrimination.* tratar como un objeto = objectify.* * *A (cosa) objectguardaron los objetos de valor en la caja fuerte they put the valuables o the items of value o the things of value in the safeobjetos de uso personal items o articles for personal useobjetos de escritorio office stationeryCompuestos:objet d'artunidentified flying object, UFO( Esp) unidentified flying object, UFOB (finalidad) objectel objeto de esta reunión the object o purpose of this meetingtuvo por objeto facilitar el diálogo it was intended to make it easier to hold talks, the aim o objective was to make it easier to hold talkscon el objeto de coordinar la operación in order to coordinate the operation, with a view to o with the aim of coordinating the operationcon el objeto de que se conozcan antes de empezar el curso so that o in order that you can get to know each other before the course startsC1 (de admiración, críticas) objectel museo fue objeto de críticas muy duras the museum was the object o target of very harsh criticism, the museum was criticized very harshlyel niño había sido objeto de malos tratos the child had been ill-treated, the child had been the victim of ill treatmentese crimen es ahora objeto de una minuciosa investigación that crime is now the subject of a detailed investigationfue objeto de grandes demostraciones de afecto he was the object of great displays of affection2 ( Ling) object3 (de una ciencia) object* * *
Del verbo objetar: ( conjugate objetar)
objeto es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
objetó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
objetar
objeto
objetó
objetar ( conjugate objetar) verbo transitivo
to object;◊ ¿tienes algo que objeto? do you have any objection?
verbo intransitivo (Esp fam) to declare oneself a conscientious objector
objeto sustantivo masculino
1 ( cosa) object;
objetos de uso personal items o articles for personal use;
objetos perdidos lost and found (AmE), lost property (BrE);
objeto volador no identificado unidentified flying object, UFO
2
con el objeto de que se conozcan so that they can get to know each other;
ser objeto de algo (de admiración/críticas) to be the object of sth;
(de investigación/estudio) to be the subject of sth;
b) (Ling) object
objetar
I verbo transitivo to object: no hay nada que objetar, there's no reason to object
II vi Mil to be a conscientious objector
objeto sustantivo masculino
1object: no olviden sus objetos personales, don't forget your personal belongings
(de una acción, pasión) fue objeto de admiración/malos tratos, she was the object of admiration/physical abuse
2 (finalidad) aim, purpose: no tiene objeto que madruguemos tanto, there's no sense in getting up so early
3 Ling object
♦ Locuciones: con (el) objeto de..., in order to...
' objeto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abanico
- adaptable
- adefesio
- aferrarse
- alquiler
- amordazar
- antigüedad
- armatoste
- atinar
- bagatela
- baño
- bien
- botar
- brillante
- bulto
- cacharro
- caer
- carga
- castaña
- castaño
- categoría
- chata
- chato
- chisme
- compra
- consistente
- contundente
- cual
- dar
- deforme
- dentro
- descambiar
- desconcharse
- desechar
- desfasada
- desfasado
- destrozada
- destrozado
- devolver
- disimulada
- disimulado
- embrujada
- embrujado
- enfriamiento
- envío
- escurridiza
- escurridizo
- estrenar
- estría
- extraviarse
English:
adaptable
- article
- buoyancy
- buoyant
- discover
- drop
- dud
- exhibit
- fake
- finished
- genuine
- glasscutter
- guinea pig
- hand on
- height
- her
- here
- him
- inconspicuous
- it
- jig
- me
- missing
- object
- of
- poke
- polish
- push aside
- shove away
- sit
- spic-and-span
- spick-and-span
- spiky
- study
- them
- thing
- to
- UFO
- undamaged
- unidentified
- unwanted
- us
- versatile
- versatility
- workmanship
- worthless
- you
- blunt
- come
- prop
* * *objeto nm1. [cosa] objectobjetos perdidos lost property, US lost and found;objetos personales personal effects;objetos de valor valuables;objeto volador no identificado unidentified flying object2. [propósito] purpose, object;el objeto de la visita the purpose o object of the visit;¿cuál es el objeto de estos cambios? what is the purpose of these changes?;tener por objeto [sujeto: persona] to have as one's aim;[sujeto: plan] to be aimed at;el ministro tiene por objeto reducir las importaciones the minister is aiming to reduce imports;con (el) objeto de [para] in order to, with the aim of;¿con qué objeto? to what end?;sin objeto [inútilmente] to no purpose, pointlesslyel artículo ha sido objeto de duras críticas the article has come in for some harsh criticism;fue objeto de las burlas de sus compañeros he was the butt of his classmates' jokes;de niño fue objeto de malos tratos he was beaten as a child4. Gram objectobjeto directo direct object;objeto indirecto indirect object* * *m1 object;objetos de regalo pl gifts, gift items2:con objeto de with the aim of* * *objeto nm1) cosa: object, thing2) objetivo: objective, purposecon objeto de: in order to, with the aim of3)objeto volador no identificado : unidentified flying object* * *objeto n1. (cosa) object2. (fin) aim / purpose -
60 poco
adj.not much, a small amount of, a small quantity of, little.adv.little, not very, not much.m.little.* * *► adjetivo1 little (plural) few, not many1 little (en plural) not many■ pocos conocen la importancia del descubrimiento not many people realize the importance of the discovery► adverbio1 little, not much■ voy poco por allí I rarely go there, I go there very little1 a little, a bit■ ¿me das un poco? could you give me a little?\a poco de shortly afterdentro de poco soon, presentlyhace poco not long agopocas veces rarely, not often, seldompoco a poco slowly, gradually, bit by bitpoco antes shortly beforepoco después shortly afterwardspoco después de shortly afterpoco más o menos more or lesspoco menos que almost, nearlypor poco nearlypor si fuera poco as if that weren't enough, to top it all, on top of everything————————1 little (en plural) not many■ pocos conocen la importancia del descubrimiento not many people realize the importance of the discovery► adverbio1 little, not much■ voy poco por allí I rarely go there, I go there very little* * *1. adv.little, few- por poco 2. (f. - poca)pron.little, few3. (f. - poca)adj.little, few, not much* * *1. ADJ1) [en singular] little, not muchtenemos poco tiempo — we have little time, we don't have much time
hay muy poco queso — there's very little cheese, there's hardly any cheese
con poco respeto — with little respect, with scant respect
el provecho es poco — the gain is small, there isn't much to gain
•
poca cosa, no te preocupes por tan poca cosa — don't worry about such a little thingcomemos, jugamos a cartas, leemos y poca cosa más — we eat, play cards, read and do little else o and that's about it
es poca cosa — (=no mucho) it's not much; (=no importante) it's nothing much
es muy guapa pero poca cosa — she's very pretty, but there isn't much to her
•
y por si fuera poco — and as if that weren't enough, and to cap it all2) [en plural] few, not manypocos niños saben que... — few o not many children know that...
tiene pocos amigos — he has few friends, he hasn't got many friends
2. PRON1) [en singular]a) (=poca cosa)la reforma servirá para poco — the reform won't do much good o won't be much use
b)• un poco — a bit, a little
-¿tienes frío? -un poco — "are you cold?" - "a bit o a little"
he bebido un poco, pero no estoy borracho — I've had a bit to drink, but I'm not drunk
le conocía un poco — I knew him a bit o slightly
espera un poco — wait a minute o moment
estoy un poco triste — I am rather o a little sad
•
un poco como, es un poco como su padre — he's rather o a bit like his father•
un poco de, un poco de dinero — a little money¡un poco de silencio! — let's have some quiet here!
c) [referido a tiempo] not longtardaron poco en hacerlo — it didn't take them long to do it, they didn't take long to do it
•
a poco de — shortly after•
cada poco — every so often•
dentro de poco — shortly, soon•
hace poco — not long agofuimos a verla hace poco — we visited her not long ago, we visited her quite recently
la conozco desde hace poco — I haven't known her long, I've only known her for a short while
2) [en plural] fewpocos son los que... — there are few who...
como hay pocos —
3. ADV1) [con verbos] not much, littlecuesta poco — it doesn't cost much, it costs very little
vamos poco a Madrid — we don't go to Madrid much, we hardly ever go to Madrid
lo estiman poco — they hardly value it at all, they value it very little
2) [con adjetivos: se traduce a menudo por medio de un prefijo]poco inteligente — unintelligent, not very intelligent
3) [otras locuciones]*¡poco a poco! — steady on!, easy does it!
¿a poco? — never!, you don't say!
¡a poco no! — not much! *
¿a poco no? — (well) isn't it?
¿a poco crees que...? — do you really imagine that...?
•
de a poco — LAm gradually•
tener en poco, tiene en poco a su jefe — she doesn't think much of her boss•
por poco — almost, nearlypor poco me ahogo — I almost o nearly drowned
•
a poco que, a poco que pueda — if at all possiblea poco que corras, lo alcanzas — if you run now you'll catch it
* * *Ihabla poco — he doesn't say much o a lot
II... con lo poco que le gusta el arroz —... and he doesn't even like rice; para locs ver poco III 4)
qué poco sentido común tienes! — you don't have much common sense, do you?
IIIfue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco — it was amazing, I can't (even) begin to tell you
- ca pronombre1) (poca cantidad, poca cosa)por poco que gane... — no matter how little o however little she earns...
lo poco que gana se lo gasta en vino — he spends the little o what little he earns on wine
compra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas — buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left
2) poco ( refiriéndose a tiempo)lo vi hace poco — I saw him recently o not long ago
a poco de venir él — soon o shortly after he came
poco antes de que... — a short while o shortly before...
3) un pocoa) ( refiriéndose a cantidades) a little; ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a whileb)un poco de: un poco de pimienta/vino a little (bit of) pepper/wine; come un poco de jamón — have a bit of ham
c)un poco + adj/adv: un poco caro/tarde — a bit o a little expensive/late
4) (en locs)a poco — (Méx)
¿a poco no lees los periódicos? — don't you read the newspapers?
de a poco — (AmL) gradually
agrégale la leche de a poquito — add the milk gradually o a little at a time
en poco: en poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't come; tienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's lives; me tienes bien en poco si crees que... you can't think very highly o much of me if you think...; poco a poco gradually; poco más o menos approximately, roughly; poco menos que nearly; poco menos que la mata (fam) he almost killed her; poco menos que los echan a patadas (fam) they practically kicked them out; por poco — nearly
* * *= little [less -comp., least -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], scant, trifle, tad, little in the way of.Ex. Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.Ex. Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.Ex. Scant attention is paid to evaluation and the needs of users.Ex. She had been a trifle nervous until it was formally announced that the position was hers.Ex. Williams is one of those rare poets who satisfies the yearning that many of us have for the memorable phrase we wish we had said were our perceptions a tad keener.Ex. Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.----* abultar poco = be skimpy.* acercarse poco a poco (a) = edge (toward(s)).* actuar con poca consideración hacia = play + fast and loose with.* agua poco profunda = shallow water.* aguas poco profundas = shallows.* alimentos poco saludables = unhealthy foods.* a poca distancia = not far behind.* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* cada pocos años = every few years.* comida poco saludable = unhealthy foods.* comportamiento poco cívico = uncivic behaviour.* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].* con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom.* con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions.* con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).* con poca claridad = indistinctly.* con poca exactitud = loosely.* con poca experiencia = inexperienced.* con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.* con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.* con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.* con poca población = thinly populated.* con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].* con poco dinero = on the cheap.* con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.* con pocos recursos = under-resourced.* con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.* consumir poco a poco = eat away at.* con tan poca antelación = at such short notice.* con tan poca anticipación = at such short notice.* correr poco a poco = eat away at.* cuestiones poco claras = grey area [gray area].* de forma poco ética = unethically.* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.Ex. When the security services carry out acts of terror, they employ patsies who often are petty criminals or people who are mentally backward or mentally unstable.----* de manera poco ética = unethically.* de manera poco profesional = unprofessionally.* demasiado poco común = all too rare.* de modo poco imaginativo = unimaginatively.* dentro de poco = before long.* de población poco densa = sparsely populated.* de poca importancia = menial, small-time.* de poca monta = hack, small-time.* de pocas luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].* de poco impacto = low impact [low-impact].* de poco peso = pat, feeble.* de poco provecho = fruitless.* de poco uso = low-use.* de poco valor = a dime a dozen.* desaparecer poco a poco = fade into + the sunset.* de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.* de un modo poco constructivo = unconstructively.* de un modo poco económico = wastefully.* de un modo poco natural = unnaturally.* donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.* durar poco = be short term.* echar poco a poco = dribble.* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* en el caso poco probable de que = in the unlikely case (that).* en muy poco tiempo = before long.* en pocas palabras = simply put, in brief, to say the least, to put it (quite) simply, in short, to cut a long story short, bottom line, the, put simply, to make a long story short, the short story + be, simply stated.* en poco tiempo = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time.* en unos pocos años = within a few years.* estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.* estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].* estar un poco anticuado = be some years old.* excusa poco convincente = lame excuse.* faltar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* faltar un poco = be some way off.* gente de poca importancia = small fry, the.* haber poca duda de que = there + be + little doubt that.* hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hacer poca distinción entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....* hacer poco = do + little.* hacer que sea poco probable = render + unlikely.* hace unos pocos años = a few years ago.* hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.* hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.* horas de poca actividad = slack hours.* horas de poco movimiento = slack hours.* introducirse poco a poco = ease + Reflexivo + in.* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.* llegar poco a poco = dribble in.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* mucho ruido para pocas nueces = much ado about nothing.* mucho ruido y pocas nueces = storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.* muy poco = minimally.* ofrecer poco = low-ball.* operación de poca monta = one-room, one-person operation.* pagando un poco más = at additional cost.* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* pasar poco a poco = slide into.* período de poca actividad = slack time.* perro ladrador, poco mordedor = barking dogs seldom bite, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* poca cantidad = trickle.* poca cosa = small fry, the.* poca iluminación = poor lighting.* poca importancia = unimportance, low profile.* poca notoriedad = low profile.* poca probabilidad = slim chance.* poca severidad = lenience, leniency.* pocas expectativas = low expectation.* poca utilidad = unhelpfulness.* poco abundante = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].* poco accesible = unapproachable.* poco acertado = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], injudicious.* poco acogedor = inhospitable.* poco aconsejable = unwise, inadvisable.* poco adecuado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco + Adjetivo = slightly + Adjetivo, less than + Adjetivo.* poco afortunado = unhappy, ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].* poco agraciado = ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].* poco amable = off-putting, surly [surlier -comp., surliest -sup.], crusty [crustier -comp., crustiest -sup.], unkind.* poco americano = un-American.* poco amistoso = off-putting, unfriendly.* poco antes de + Fecha = shortly before + Fecha.* poco a poco = gradually, piecemeal, slowly, incrementally, at a snail's pace, little by little, bit by bit.* poco apreciado = unappreciated.* poco apropiado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco apto = inapt.* poco arriesgado = low-risk.* poco asequible = unapproachable.* poco atractivo = off-putting, unattractive, unglamorous, uninviting, unappealing.* poco atrevido = unadventurous.* poco audaz = unadventurous.* poco aventurero = unadventurous.* poco cabelleroso = ungentlemanlike.* poco cálido = lukewarm.* poco científico = hit-or-miss, unscientific.* poco cívico = uncivic.* poco claro = confusing, fuzzy [fuzzier - comp., fuzziest -sup.], indistinct, obscure, unclear, untidy, hazy, inconclusive, slurred, clouded, blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], undistinguished, uncleared, indistinctive, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* poco colaborador = unresponsive.* poco comercial = uncommercial.* poco competitivo = uncompetitive.* poco complicado = uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly.* poco comprensivo = unsympathetic.* poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* poco comunicativo = uncommunicative, reserved.* poco confortable = uncomfortable.* poco conocido = obscure, little known.* poco convencido = unconvinced.* poco convencional = unconventional.* poco convincente = unconvincing, inconclusive, pat, feeble.* poco convincentemente = unconvincingly.* poco correcto = ungentlemanlike.* poco cortés = impolite, ungentlemanlike.* poco culto = unenlightened.* poco decidido = half-hearted [halfhearted].* poco definido = blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* poco denso = rarefied.* poco deportivo = unsportsmanlike.* poco después = soon afterwards, shortly afterwards, shortly after, not long after.* poco después de = soon after (that), shortly after.* poco después de que = shortly after.* poco diestro = poor-ability.* poco diplomático = indiscreet.* poco dispuesto = disinclined.* poco dispuesto a colaborar = uncooperative.* poco ducho en las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* poco económico = uneconomical.* poco efectivo = ineffectual.* poco eficaz = non-efficient.* poco elegante = inelegant, awkward, dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.].* poco embarazoso = unembarrassing.* poco entusiasta = half-hearted [halfhearted], lukewarm.* poco envidiable = unenviable.* poco estable = unsettled.* poco estético = unaesthetic.* poco estimulador = unchallenging.* poco estimulante = unexciting, uninspiring, unmoving.* poco estricto = lax.* poco ético = unethical.* poco evidente = unnoticed, unnoted.* poco exigente = untaxing, undemanding.* poco favorable = unpromising.* poco favorecedor = unflattering.* poco fiable = unreliable, undependable, flaky [flakey].* poco firme = tenuous, rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.].* poco flexible = monolithic, inelastic.* poco frecuente = infrequent.* poco fructífero = unfruitful.* poco gratificante = unrewarding, unsatisfying.* poco grato = unwelcome.* poco hábil = poor-ability.* poco habitual = unaccustomed.* poco halagador = unflattering.* poco halagüeño = unflattering.* poco hospitalario = inhospitable.* poco idóneo = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco iluminado = dimly illuminated.* poco imaginativo = unimaginative.* poco importante = menial, small-time.* poco impresionado = unimpressed.* poco informativo = uninformative.* poco intelectual = lowbrow [low-brow].* poco inteligente = unintelligent.* poco intenso = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].* poco interesante = dull, jackdaw, uninteresting, uninspiring, unremarkable.* poco juicioso = injudicious.* poco justificado = ill-justified.* poco listo = underprepared.* poco maduro = underripe.* poco más = little else.* poco materialista = unworldly.* poco memorable = forgettable.* poco mundano = unwordly.* poco natural = unnatural, stilted.* poco nítido = untidy.* poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* poco novedoso = trite.* poco original = unoriginal.* poco ortodoxo = unorthodox.* poco poblado = thinly populated.* poco práctico = impractical, awkward.* poco preparado = underprepared.* poco probable = unlikely, far-fetched [farfetched].* poco productivo = unproductive.* poco profesional = amateurish, unprofessional.* poco profundo = shallow [shallower -comp., shallowest -sup.].* poco prometedor = bleak, unpromising.* poco propicio = unpromising, unpromising.* poco provechoso = fruitless, unrewarding.* poco prudente = ill-advised, ill-judged.* poco pulido = unpolished.* poco razonable = unreasonable.* poco realista = unrealistic, unreal, unwordly, way out in left field, airy-fairy.* poco recomendable = inadvisable.* poco refinado = unrefined, unpolished.* poco rentable = uneconomical.* poco representativo = unrepresentative.* poco romántico = unromantic.* poco sabido = little known.* poco saludable = unwholesome, insalubrious.* poco sano = unwholesome, insalubrious.* poco seguro = dicey [dicier -comp., diciest -sup.].* poco sensato = ill-advised, injudicious, ill-judged.* poco sentimental = unsentimental.* poco serio = flippant.* poco sincero = insincere.* poco sistemático = sloppy [sloppier -comp., sloppiest -sup.].* poco social = unsocial.* poco sofisticado = elementary, unsophisticated, corn-fed.* poco sólido = insubstantial.* poco tiempo = short while, short time.* poco tiempo después = shortly afterwards.* poco tradicional = untraditional.* poco unido = loosely knit.* poco uniforme = patchy [patchier -comp., patchiest -sup.].* poco usado = little-used.* poco usual = unusual.* poco útil = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], unhelpful.* poquito a poco = little by little.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por nombrar unos pocos = to name a few.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* prestar poca atención a = give + little thought to.* pretexto poco convincente = lame excuse.* quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* quedar un poco = be some way off.* quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.* qué poco común = how odd.* quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.* reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.* resultar poco fructífero = prove + unfruitful.* roer poco a poco = eat away at.* saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.* sacar poco a poco = tease out.* salir un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* sangre poco espesa = thin blood.* ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.* ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.* ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser algo poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.* ser algo poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.* ser muy poco probable = be remote.* ser poco = be under-provided.* ser poco agradecido = be thankless.* ser poco eficaz = do + little.* ser poco reconocido = be thankless.* ser pocos = be few in number, be small in number.* ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser un hecho poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* servir de poco = be of little use.* servir de poco o nada = be of little or no avail.* solución poco real = pie in the sky solution.* tener poca información = be information poor.* tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.* tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener poco valor = be of little value.* trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.* un hombre de pocas palabras = a man of few words.* unos pocos elegidos = a select few.* un poco = a bit, somewhat, slightly, something of, a little bit, kinda [kind of].* un poco áspero = roughish.* un poco como = kind of like.* un poco de = a measure of, a touch (of), a bit of, a piece of, a spot of, a splash of, a hint of.* un poco + Nombre = a shade + Nombre.* un poco obscuro = dusky.* un poco perdido = a bit at sea.* un poco rugoso = roughish.* usado con poca frecuencia = seldom used [seldom-used].* usuario que hace poco uso del préstamo = light borrower.* utilizar poco = underutilise/under-utilise [underutilize/under-utilize, -USA].* vivienda poco digna = poor housing.* y poco más = and little more.* * *Ihabla poco — he doesn't say much o a lot
II... con lo poco que le gusta el arroz —... and he doesn't even like rice; para locs ver poco III 4)
qué poco sentido común tienes! — you don't have much common sense, do you?
IIIfue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco — it was amazing, I can't (even) begin to tell you
- ca pronombre1) (poca cantidad, poca cosa)por poco que gane... — no matter how little o however little she earns...
lo poco que gana se lo gasta en vino — he spends the little o what little he earns on wine
compra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas — buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left
2) poco ( refiriéndose a tiempo)lo vi hace poco — I saw him recently o not long ago
a poco de venir él — soon o shortly after he came
poco antes de que... — a short while o shortly before...
3) un pocoa) ( refiriéndose a cantidades) a little; ( refiriéndose a tiempo) a whileb)un poco de: un poco de pimienta/vino a little (bit of) pepper/wine; come un poco de jamón — have a bit of ham
c)un poco + adj/adv: un poco caro/tarde — a bit o a little expensive/late
4) (en locs)a poco — (Méx)
¿a poco no lees los periódicos? — don't you read the newspapers?
de a poco — (AmL) gradually
agrégale la leche de a poquito — add the milk gradually o a little at a time
en poco: en poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't come; tienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's lives; me tienes bien en poco si crees que... you can't think very highly o much of me if you think...; poco a poco gradually; poco más o menos approximately, roughly; poco menos que nearly; poco menos que la mata (fam) he almost killed her; poco menos que los echan a patadas (fam) they practically kicked them out; por poco — nearly
* * *= little [less -comp., least -sup.], low [lower -comp., lowest -sup.], scant, trifle, tad, little in the way of.Ex: Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.
Ex: Carlton Duncan discussed the difficulties built into the educational processes which led to under-performance at school and the resulting low representation in higher education and low entry into the professions.Ex: Scant attention is paid to evaluation and the needs of users.Ex: She had been a trifle nervous until it was formally announced that the position was hers.Ex: Williams is one of those rare poets who satisfies the yearning that many of us have for the memorable phrase we wish we had said were our perceptions a tad keener.Ex: Without any significant restructuring, the LIS programme in Iran will provide little in the way of riding out the rapid transition that the field is currently experiencing.* abultar poco = be skimpy.* acercarse poco a poco (a) = edge (toward(s)).* actuar con poca consideración hacia = play + fast and loose with.* agua poco profunda = shallow water.* aguas poco profundas = shallows.* alimentos poco saludables = unhealthy foods.* a poca distancia = not far behind.* a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.* a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.* a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* cada pocos años = every few years.* comida poco saludable = unhealthy foods.* comportamiento poco cívico = uncivic behaviour.* con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].* con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.* con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom.* con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions.* con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).* con poca claridad = indistinctly.* con poca exactitud = loosely.* con poca experiencia = inexperienced.* con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.* con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.* con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.* con poca población = thinly populated.* con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.* con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].* con poco dinero = on the cheap.* con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.* con pocos recursos = under-resourced.* con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.* consumir poco a poco = eat away at.* con tan poca antelación = at such short notice.* con tan poca anticipación = at such short notice.* correr poco a poco = eat away at.* cuestiones poco claras = grey area [gray area].* de forma poco ética = unethically.* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.Ex: When the security services carry out acts of terror, they employ patsies who often are petty criminals or people who are mentally backward or mentally unstable.* de manera poco ética = unethically.* de manera poco profesional = unprofessionally.* demasiado poco común = all too rare.* de modo poco imaginativo = unimaginatively.* dentro de poco = before long.* de población poco densa = sparsely populated.* de poca importancia = menial, small-time.* de poca monta = hack, small-time.* de pocas luces = dim [dimmer -comp., dimmest -sup.], dim-witted [dimwitted].* de poco impacto = low impact [low-impact].* de poco peso = pat, feeble.* de poco provecho = fruitless.* de poco uso = low-use.* de poco valor = a dime a dozen.* desaparecer poco a poco = fade into + the sunset.* de todo un poco = about this and that and everything else, about this and that.* de un modo poco constructivo = unconstructively.* de un modo poco económico = wastefully.* de un modo poco natural = unnaturally.* donde cabe mucho también cabe poco = what holds a lot will hold a little.* durar poco = be short term.* echar poco a poco = dribble.* el que mucho abarca poco aprieta = jack of all trades, master of none.* en el caso poco probable de que = in the unlikely case (that).* en muy poco tiempo = before long.* en pocas palabras = simply put, in brief, to say the least, to put it (quite) simply, in short, to cut a long story short, bottom line, the, put simply, to make a long story short, the short story + be, simply stated.* en poco tiempo = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time.* en unos pocos años = within a few years.* estar poco dispuesto = be reluctant.* estar poco representado = underrepresent [under-represent].* estar un poco anticuado = be some years old.* excusa poco convincente = lame excuse.* faltar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* faltar un poco = be some way off.* gente de poca importancia = small fry, the.* haber poca duda de que = there + be + little doubt that.* hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hacer poca distinción entre... y... = make + little distinction between... and....* hacer poco = do + little.* hacer que sea poco probable = render + unlikely.* hace unos pocos años = a few years ago.* hace unos pocos días = a few days ago.* hasta hace muy poco = until recently, up until recently.* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.* horas de poca actividad = slack hours.* horas de poco movimiento = slack hours.* introducirse poco a poco = ease + Reflexivo + in.* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.* llegar poco a poco = dribble in.* lo poco común = rarity, rareness.* mucho ruido para pocas nueces = much ado about nothing.* mucho ruido y pocas nueces = storm in a teacup, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* muchos jefes y pocos trabajadores = too many chiefs and not enough Indians.* muy poco = minimally.* ofrecer poco = low-ball.* operación de poca monta = one-room, one-person operation.* pagando un poco más = at additional cost.* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* pasar poco a poco = slide into.* período de poca actividad = slack time.* perro ladrador, poco mordedor = barking dogs seldom bite, Posesivo + bark is worse than + Posesivo + bite.* poca cantidad = trickle.* poca cosa = small fry, the.* poca iluminación = poor lighting.* poca importancia = unimportance, low profile.* poca notoriedad = low profile.* poca probabilidad = slim chance.* poca severidad = lenience, leniency.* pocas expectativas = low expectation.* poca utilidad = unhelpfulness.* poco abundante = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].* poco accesible = unapproachable.* poco acertado = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], injudicious.* poco acogedor = inhospitable.* poco aconsejable = unwise, inadvisable.* poco adecuado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco + Adjetivo = slightly + Adjetivo, less than + Adjetivo.* poco afortunado = unhappy, ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].* poco agraciado = ill-favoured [ill-favored, -USA].* poco amable = off-putting, surly [surlier -comp., surliest -sup.], crusty [crustier -comp., crustiest -sup.], unkind.* poco americano = un-American.* poco amistoso = off-putting, unfriendly.* poco antes de + Fecha = shortly before + Fecha.* poco a poco = gradually, piecemeal, slowly, incrementally, at a snail's pace, little by little, bit by bit.* poco apreciado = unappreciated.* poco apropiado = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco apto = inapt.* poco arriesgado = low-risk.* poco asequible = unapproachable.* poco atractivo = off-putting, unattractive, unglamorous, uninviting, unappealing.* poco atrevido = unadventurous.* poco audaz = unadventurous.* poco aventurero = unadventurous.* poco cabelleroso = ungentlemanlike.* poco cálido = lukewarm.* poco científico = hit-or-miss, unscientific.* poco cívico = uncivic.* poco claro = confusing, fuzzy [fuzzier - comp., fuzziest -sup.], indistinct, obscure, unclear, untidy, hazy, inconclusive, slurred, clouded, blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], undistinguished, uncleared, indistinctive, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* poco colaborador = unresponsive.* poco comercial = uncommercial.* poco competitivo = uncompetitive.* poco complicado = uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly.* poco comprensivo = unsympathetic.* poco común = rare, unfamiliar, unusual, uncommon, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* poco comunicativo = uncommunicative, reserved.* poco confortable = uncomfortable.* poco conocido = obscure, little known.* poco convencido = unconvinced.* poco convencional = unconventional.* poco convincente = unconvincing, inconclusive, pat, feeble.* poco convincentemente = unconvincingly.* poco correcto = ungentlemanlike.* poco cortés = impolite, ungentlemanlike.* poco culto = unenlightened.* poco decidido = half-hearted [halfhearted].* poco definido = blurry [blurrier -comp., blurriest -sup.], bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].* poco denso = rarefied.* poco deportivo = unsportsmanlike.* poco después = soon afterwards, shortly afterwards, shortly after, not long after.* poco después de = soon after (that), shortly after.* poco después de que = shortly after.* poco diestro = poor-ability.* poco diplomático = indiscreet.* poco dispuesto = disinclined.* poco dispuesto a colaborar = uncooperative.* poco ducho en las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* poco económico = uneconomical.* poco efectivo = ineffectual.* poco eficaz = non-efficient.* poco elegante = inelegant, awkward, dowdy [dowdier -comp., dowdiest -sup.].* poco embarazoso = unembarrassing.* poco entusiasta = half-hearted [halfhearted], lukewarm.* poco envidiable = unenviable.* poco estable = unsettled.* poco estético = unaesthetic.* poco estimulador = unchallenging.* poco estimulante = unexciting, uninspiring, unmoving.* poco estricto = lax.* poco ético = unethical.* poco evidente = unnoticed, unnoted.* poco exigente = untaxing, undemanding.* poco favorable = unpromising.* poco favorecedor = unflattering.* poco fiable = unreliable, undependable, flaky [flakey].* poco firme = tenuous, rocky [rockier -comp., rockiest -sup.].* poco flexible = monolithic, inelastic.* poco frecuente = infrequent.* poco fructífero = unfruitful.* poco gratificante = unrewarding, unsatisfying.* poco grato = unwelcome.* poco hábil = poor-ability.* poco habitual = unaccustomed.* poco halagador = unflattering.* poco halagüeño = unflattering.* poco hospitalario = inhospitable.* poco idóneo = unsuited, unsuitable, inapt.* poco iluminado = dimly illuminated.* poco imaginativo = unimaginative.* poco importante = menial, small-time.* poco impresionado = unimpressed.* poco informativo = uninformative.* poco intelectual = lowbrow [low-brow].* poco inteligente = unintelligent.* poco intenso = light [lighter -comp., lightest -sup.].* poco interesante = dull, jackdaw, uninteresting, uninspiring, unremarkable.* poco juicioso = injudicious.* poco justificado = ill-justified.* poco listo = underprepared.* poco maduro = underripe.* poco más = little else.* poco materialista = unworldly.* poco memorable = forgettable.* poco mundano = unwordly.* poco natural = unnatural, stilted.* poco nítido = untidy.* poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.* poco novedoso = trite.* poco original = unoriginal.* poco ortodoxo = unorthodox.* poco poblado = thinly populated.* poco práctico = impractical, awkward.* poco preparado = underprepared.* poco probable = unlikely, far-fetched [farfetched].* poco productivo = unproductive.* poco profesional = amateurish, unprofessional.* poco profundo = shallow [shallower -comp., shallowest -sup.].* poco prometedor = bleak, unpromising.* poco propicio = unpromising, unpromising.* poco provechoso = fruitless, unrewarding.* poco prudente = ill-advised, ill-judged.* poco pulido = unpolished.* poco razonable = unreasonable.* poco realista = unrealistic, unreal, unwordly, way out in left field, airy-fairy.* poco recomendable = inadvisable.* poco refinado = unrefined, unpolished.* poco rentable = uneconomical.* poco representativo = unrepresentative.* poco romántico = unromantic.* poco sabido = little known.* poco saludable = unwholesome, insalubrious.* poco sano = unwholesome, insalubrious.* poco seguro = dicey [dicier -comp., diciest -sup.].* poco sensato = ill-advised, injudicious, ill-judged.* poco sentimental = unsentimental.* poco serio = flippant.* poco sincero = insincere.* poco sistemático = sloppy [sloppier -comp., sloppiest -sup.].* poco social = unsocial.* poco sofisticado = elementary, unsophisticated, corn-fed.* poco sólido = insubstantial.* poco tiempo = short while, short time.* poco tiempo después = shortly afterwards.* poco tradicional = untraditional.* poco unido = loosely knit.* poco uniforme = patchy [patchier -comp., patchiest -sup.].* poco usado = little-used.* poco usual = unusual.* poco útil = clumsy [clumsier -comp., clumsiest -sup.], unhelpful.* poquito a poco = little by little.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar uno pocos = just to name a few.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por nombrar unos pocos = to name a few.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* prestar poca atención a = give + little thought to.* pretexto poco convincente = lame excuse.* quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* quedar un poco = be some way off.* quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* que ocupa poco espacio = space-saving.* qué poco común = how odd.* quien mucho abarca poco aprieta = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.* reducirse poco a poco = dribble off.* resultar poco fructífero = prove + unfruitful.* roer poco a poco = eat away at.* saber un poco de todo y mucho de nada = jack of all trades, master of none.* sacar poco a poco = tease out.* salir un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* sangre poco espesa = thin blood.* ser algo muy poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.* ser algo poco común = be the exception rather than the rule.* ser algo poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser algo poco frecuente = be a rare occurrence.* ser algo poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser de poco valor = be of little use, be of little value.* ser muy poco probable = be remote.* ser poco = be under-provided.* ser poco agradecido = be thankless.* ser poco eficaz = do + little.* ser poco reconocido = be thankless.* ser pocos = be few in number, be small in number.* ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser un hecho poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* servir de poco = be of little use.* servir de poco o nada = be of little or no avail.* solución poco real = pie in the sky solution.* tener poca información = be information poor.* tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.* tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener poco valor = be of little value.* trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.* un hombre de pocas palabras = a man of few words.* unos pocos elegidos = a select few.* un poco = a bit, somewhat, slightly, something of, a little bit, kinda [kind of].* un poco áspero = roughish.* un poco como = kind of like.* un poco de = a measure of, a touch (of), a bit of, a piece of, a spot of, a splash of, a hint of.* un poco + Nombre = a shade + Nombre.* un poco obscuro = dusky.* un poco perdido = a bit at sea.* un poco rugoso = roughish.* usado con poca frecuencia = seldom used [seldom-used].* usuario que hace poco uso del préstamo = light borrower.* utilizar poco = underutilise/under-utilise [underutilize/under-utilize, -USA].* vivienda poco digna = poor housing.* y poco más = and little more.* * *poco1es muy poco agradecido he is very ungrateful, he isn't at all gratefules un autor muy poco conocido he is a very little-known authorme resultó poco interesante I didn't find it very interesting, I found it rather uninterestinghabla poco he doesn't say much o a lotduerme poquísimo she sleeps very little, she doesn't sleep very muchviene muy poco por aquí he hardly ever comes aroundpoco y nada me ayudaron they hardly helped me at all… con lo poco que le gusta el arroz … and he doesn't even like ricemuy poco vino very little winemuy pocos niños very few childrenhemos tenido muy poca suerte we've been very unlucky, we've had very little luck¡qué poco sentido común tienes! you don't have much common sense, do you?tengo muy poca ropa I have hardly any clothes, I have very few clothesa poca gente se le presenta esa oportunidad not many people get that opportunityhay muy pocas mujeres en el gremio there are very few women in the tradeéramos demasiado pocos there were too few of us, there weren't enough of usfue asombroso, todo lo que te pueda decir es poco it was amazing, I can't begin to tell youa esta mujer todo le parece poco this woman is never satisfiedme he olvidado del poco francés/de las pocas palabras que sabía I've forgotten the little French/the few words I knewle dio unos pocos pesos she gave him a few pesosA(poca cantidad, poca cosa): le serví sopa pero comió poca I gave her some soup but she only ate a little o she didn't eat muchsírvele poco, desayunó muy tarde don't give him (too) much, he had a late breakfastpor poco que gane, siempre es otro sueldo no matter how little o however little she earns o even if she doesn't earn much, it's still another salary coming inse conforma con poco he's easily satisfiedpoco faltó para que me pegara he nearly hit mepoco y nada saqué en limpio de lo que dijo what he said made little or no sense to melo poco que gana se lo gasta en vino he spends the little o what little he earns on winecompra más lentejas, nos quedan muy pocas buy some more lentils, we've hardly any left o we have very few leftes un profesor como pocos there aren't many teachers like himpocos pueden permitirse ese lujo not many people can afford to do thatBhace muy poco que lo conoce she hasn't known him for very long, she's only known him a little whiletardó poco en pintar la cocina it didn't take him long to paint the kitchenfalta poco para las navidades it's not long till Christmas, Christmas isn't far offa poco de terminar el bombardeo soon o shortly after the bombing stoppeddentro de poco sale otro tren there'll be another train soon o shortlypoco antes de que ella se fuera a short while o shortly before she leftC1 (refiriéndose a cantidades) a little; (refiriéndose a tiempo) a while¿te sirvo un poco? would you like a little o some?descansemos un poco let's rest for a while, let's have a little restespera un poquito wait a little whiletodavía le duele un poquitín or poquitito it still hurts him a little2un poco de: ponle un poco de pimienta/vino add a little (bit of) pepper/winetiene un poco de fiebre he has a slight fever, he has a bit of a temperature o a slight temperature ( BrE)come un poco de jamón have a bit of o some o a little ham3un poco (hasta cierto punto): es un poco lo que está pasando en Japón it's rather like what's happening in Japanun poco porque me dio lástima partly because I felt sorry for him4 un poco + ADJ/ADV:un poco caro/tarde a bit o a little expensive/lateme queda un poco corto it's a bit short o a little short o slightly too short (for me)habla un poco más fuerte speak up a bit o a littleD ( en locs):¡a poco no está fabuloso Acapulco! isn't Acapulco just fantastic!¡a poco ganaron! don't tell me they won!nos sacamos el gordo de la lotería — ¡a poco ! we won the big lottery prize — you didn't!agrégale la leche de a poquito add the milk gradually o a little at a timede a poquito se lo fue comiendo little by little o slowly she ate it all upen poco: en poco estuvo que nos ganaran they came very close to beating us, they very nearly beat usen poco estuvo que no viniéramos we almost didn't cometienen en poco la vida ajena they set little value on other people's livesme tienes bien en poco si me crees capaz de eso you can't think very highly o much of me if you think I could do such a thingpoco a poco or ( Méx) a poquito graduallypoco a poco la fueron arreglando they gradually fixed it up, they fixed it up little by littlepoco más o menos approximately, roughlyhabrán gastado unos dos millones, poco más o menos they must have spent in the neighborhood o ( BrE) region of two millionpoco menos que nearlyes poco menos que imposible it's well-nigh o almost o very nearly impossiblele pegó una paliza que poco menos que la mata ( fam); he gave her such a beating he almost o nearly killed herpoco menos que los echan a patadas ( fam); they practically kicked them outpor poco nearlypor poco nos descubren we were nearly found out* * *
poco 1 adverbio:◊ habla poco he doesn't say much o a lot;
es muy poco agradecido he is very ungrateful;
un autor muy poco conocido a very little-known author;
viene muy poco por aquí he hardly ever comes around;
para locs ver poco 2 4
poco 2 -ca adjetivo ( con sustantivos no numerables) little;
( en plural) few;
muy pocos niños very few children;
había poquísimos coches there were hardly any cars
■ pronombre
1 (poca cantidad, poca cosa):
por poco que gane … no matter how little o however little she earns …;
se conforma con poco he's easily satisfied;
todo le parece poco she is never satisfied;
pocos quisieron ayudar few were willing to help;
pocos pueden permitirse ese lujo not many people can afford to do that
2
hace muy poco que lo conoce she hasn't known him for very long;
tardó poco en hacerlo it didn't take him long to do it;
falta poco para las navidades it's not long till Christmas;
a poco de venir él soon o shortly after he came;
dentro de poco soon;
poco antes de que … a short while o shortly before …
3◊ un poco
( refiriéndose a tiempo) a while;◊ dame un poco I'll have some o a little;
espera un poco wait a whileb)
c) un poco + adj/adv:◊ un poco caro/tarde a bit o a little expensive/late
4 ( en locs)◊ a poco (Méx): ¡a poco no está fabuloso Acapulco! isn't Acapulco just fantastic!;
¡a poco ganaron! don't tell me they won!;
de a poco (AmL) gradually, little by little;
poco a poco gradually;
poco más o menos approximately, roughly;
por poco nearly
poco,-a
I adjetivo
1 (con el sustantivo en singular) not much, little: tengo poco apetito, I haven't got much appetite
2 (con el sustantivo en plural) not many, few: conozco pocos lugares de Italia, I don't know many places in Italy
II pron (singular) little, not much
(plural) (objetos) few, not many
(personas) few people, not many people ➣ Ver nota en few
III adverbio
1 (con verbo) not (very) much, little: entiendo poco del tema, I don't understand much about the issue
2 (con adjetivo) not very: está poco claro, it's not very clear
3 (de tiempo) hace poco que nos conocemos, we met a short time ago
IV sustantivo masculino
1 (acompañado de adjetivo o adverbio) lo noté un poco molesto, I thought he was a bit annoyed
tendré que hacerlo un poco después, I'll have to do it a little later
2 (acompañando a un sustantivo) dame un poco de agua, give me a little water ➣ Ver nota en little
♦ Locuciones: a poco de, shortly after
dentro de poco, soon
poco a poco, little by little, gradually
poco antes/después, shortly before/afterwards
por poco, almost
' poco' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abreviar
- aclimatarse
- adelgazar
- aguantar
- ahora
- alcornoque
- alentador
- alentadora
- algo
- antes
- apercibirse
- bagatela
- baja
- bajo
- brusca
- brusco
- bruta
- bruto
- buscar
- calentar
- cargada
- cargado
- cascada
- cascado
- cerebral
- chapucera
- chapucero
- chispa
- clara
- claro
- común
- cruda
- crudo
- cualquiera
- de
- dentro
- descuidada
- descuidado
- descuidarse
- desigual
- desmoronada
- desmoronado
- despatarrarse
- despistada
- despistado
- despreciable
- después
- desvaído
- disipar
- dudosa
English:
accomplice
- add to
- adjust
- aerial
- after
- afterwards
- along
- aloof
- amateurish
- balding
- bark
- belly
- bit
- black
- blind
- blow up
- boot
- by
- can
- careless
- chat
- comedown
- confusing
- cowboy
- degree
- derivative
- desultory
- disagreement
- disingenuous
- diving
- do
- dodgy
- doubtful
- dowdy
- earthy
- easy-going
- edge
- effect
- element
- evasion
- exist
- expect
- fall apart
- far-fetched
- fine
- flippant
- forge
- furnish
- fuzzy
- gradually
* * *poco, -a♦ adj(singular) little, not much; (plural) few, not many;de poca importancia of little importance;poca agua not much water;pocas personas lo saben few o not many people know it;hay pocos árboles there aren't many trees;tenemos poco tiempo we don't have much time;hace poco tiempo not long ago;dame unos pocos días give me a few days;esto ocurre pocas veces this rarely happens, this doesn't happen often;tengo pocas ganas de ir I don't really o much feel like going;poca sal me parece que le estás echando I don't think you're putting enough salt in, I think you're putting too little salt in;con lo poco que le gusta la ópera, y la han invitado a La Traviata it's ironic, considering how she dislikes opera, that they should have invited her to see La Traviata♦ pron1. [escasa cantidad] (singular) little, not much;* * *I adj sg little, not much; pl few, not many;un poco de a little;unos pocos a fewII adv little;trabaja poco he doesn’t work much;ahora se ve muy poco it’s seldom seen now;estuvo poco por aquí he wasn’t around much;poco conocido little known;poco a poco little by little;dentro de poco soon, shortly;hace poco a short time ago, not long ago;desde hace poco (for) a short while;por poco nearly, almost;¡a poco no lo hacemos! Méx don’t tell me we’re not doing it;de a poco me fui tranquilizando Rpl little by little I calmed down;por si fuera poco as if that weren’t o wasn’t enoughIII m:un poco a little, a bit* * *poco adv1) : little, not muchpoco probable: not very likelycome poco: he doesn't eat much2) : a short time, a whiletardaremos poco: we won't be very long3)poco antes : shortly before4)poco después : shortly afterpoco, -ca adj1) : little, not much, (a) fewtengo poco dinero: I don't have much moneyen no pocas ocasiones: on more than a few occasionspoca gente: few people2)pocas veces : rarelypoco, -ca pron1) : little, fewle falta poco para terminar: he's almost finisheduno de los pocos que quedan: one of the remaining few2)un poco : a little, a bitun poco de vino: a little wineun poco extraño: a bit strange3)¿a poco no se te hizo difícil?: you mean you didn't find it difficult?4)de a poco : little by little5)hace poco : not long ago6)poco a poco : little by little7)dentro de poco : shortly, in a little while8)por poco : nearly, almost* * *poco1 adj1. (singular) not much2. (plural) few / not manytiene pocos amigos he has few friends / he hasn't got many friendspoco2 adv1. (con verbos) not much2. (no mucho tiempo) not long3. (con adjetivos) not verypoco3 n a little / a bittengo de sobra, toma un poco I've got plenty, take a littlepoco4 pron1. (singular) not muchcompra café, que queda muy poco buy some coffee, there's not much left2. (plural) few / not many¿cuántos vinieron? pocos how many came? not many
См. также в других словарях:
natural man — Естественный человек … Вестминстерский словарь теологических терминов
Natural — Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Natural day — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Natural fats — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Natural gas — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Natural Harmony — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Natural history — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
natural history — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Natural law — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Natural modulation — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Natural order — Natural Nat u*ral (?; 135), a. [OE. naturel, F. naturel, fr. L. naturalis, fr. natura. See {Nature}.] 1. Fixed or determined by nature; pertaining to the constitution of a thing; belonging to native character; according to nature; essential;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English