-
41 MIC
1) Общая лексика: ОПК (military-industrial complex), минимальная доза ингибитора (minimum inhibiting concentration), minimum igniting current2) Компьютерная техника: medium-interface connector3) Медицина: minimal inhibitory concentration, morbus ischaemicus cordis4) Спорт: Make It Count5) Военный термин: MLRS International Corporation, Management Indicator Code, Maritime Intelligence Center, Meteorological Information Committee, Military Intelligence Committee, Multinational Intelligence Cell, maintenance information center, maintenance information chart, management information center, message identification code, mid-intensity conflict, military industrial complex, monitoring, identification, and correlation6) Техника: marine information center, methyl isothiocyanate, microbiologically induced corrosion, microbiologically influenced corrosion, microscopic, microwave interference coordination, mutual interference chart7) Химия: метилизоцианат ( Methyl isocyanate)8) Юридический термин: Minor In Consumption9) Автомобильный термин: mechanical instrument cluster10) Телекоммуникации: Medium Interface Connector (FDDI)11) Сокращение: MLRS International Corp. (UK), Media (medium) interface connector, Microwave Integrated Circuit, Military-Industrial Complex (Russia), microphone, Message Integrity Check, Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, Middle-In-Chain, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration12) Физика: Measuring Ionization Chamber13) Электроника: Monolithic Integrated Circuits14) Вычислительная техника: Management Information Centers, Management Integration Consortium, Memory In Cassette, Message Integrity Check / Code, microelectronic integrated circuit, monolithic integrated circuit, multimedia interactive control, Media Interface Connector (FDDI, PMD), Multiple Interface Connection (Kyocera), Memory in Cassette (Seagate, EEPROM, Streamer, AIT)15) Микробиология: minimum inhibitory concentration (минимальная подавляющая концентрация)16) Транспорт: Maximum Import Capacity17) Фирменный знак: Music Industry Coalition18) СМИ: Movie Item Collection19) Деловая лексика: Made In Canada, Market Intelligence Center, Meetings Industry Council20) Сетевые технологии: medium interface connector, Консорциум по интеграции средств сетевого управления, Консорциум по объединению систем управления, интерфейсный соединитель со средой, соединитель для подключения терминала к интерфейсу шины21) Безопасность: message integrity code22) Расширение файла: Master Interrupt Control, Microsoft Image Composer Data23) Электротехника: marketing interface to customer24) ООН: Man In Charge25) Должность: Midget In Charge, Music Industry Consultant -
42 Mic
1) Общая лексика: ОПК (military-industrial complex), минимальная доза ингибитора (minimum inhibiting concentration), minimum igniting current2) Компьютерная техника: medium-interface connector3) Медицина: minimal inhibitory concentration, morbus ischaemicus cordis4) Спорт: Make It Count5) Военный термин: MLRS International Corporation, Management Indicator Code, Maritime Intelligence Center, Meteorological Information Committee, Military Intelligence Committee, Multinational Intelligence Cell, maintenance information center, maintenance information chart, management information center, message identification code, mid-intensity conflict, military industrial complex, monitoring, identification, and correlation6) Техника: marine information center, methyl isothiocyanate, microbiologically induced corrosion, microbiologically influenced corrosion, microscopic, microwave interference coordination, mutual interference chart7) Химия: метилизоцианат ( Methyl isocyanate)8) Юридический термин: Minor In Consumption9) Автомобильный термин: mechanical instrument cluster10) Телекоммуникации: Medium Interface Connector (FDDI)11) Сокращение: MLRS International Corp. (UK), Media (medium) interface connector, Microwave Integrated Circuit, Military-Industrial Complex (Russia), microphone, Message Integrity Check, Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, Middle-In-Chain, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration12) Физика: Measuring Ionization Chamber13) Электроника: Monolithic Integrated Circuits14) Вычислительная техника: Management Information Centers, Management Integration Consortium, Memory In Cassette, Message Integrity Check / Code, microelectronic integrated circuit, monolithic integrated circuit, multimedia interactive control, Media Interface Connector (FDDI, PMD), Multiple Interface Connection (Kyocera), Memory in Cassette (Seagate, EEPROM, Streamer, AIT)15) Микробиология: minimum inhibitory concentration (минимальная подавляющая концентрация)16) Транспорт: Maximum Import Capacity17) Фирменный знак: Music Industry Coalition18) СМИ: Movie Item Collection19) Деловая лексика: Made In Canada, Market Intelligence Center, Meetings Industry Council20) Сетевые технологии: medium interface connector, Консорциум по интеграции средств сетевого управления, Консорциум по объединению систем управления, интерфейсный соединитель со средой, соединитель для подключения терминала к интерфейсу шины21) Безопасность: message integrity code22) Расширение файла: Master Interrupt Control, Microsoft Image Composer Data23) Электротехника: marketing interface to customer24) ООН: Man In Charge25) Должность: Midget In Charge, Music Industry Consultant -
43 mic
1) Общая лексика: ОПК (military-industrial complex), минимальная доза ингибитора (minimum inhibiting concentration), minimum igniting current2) Компьютерная техника: medium-interface connector3) Медицина: minimal inhibitory concentration, morbus ischaemicus cordis4) Спорт: Make It Count5) Военный термин: MLRS International Corporation, Management Indicator Code, Maritime Intelligence Center, Meteorological Information Committee, Military Intelligence Committee, Multinational Intelligence Cell, maintenance information center, maintenance information chart, management information center, message identification code, mid-intensity conflict, military industrial complex, monitoring, identification, and correlation6) Техника: marine information center, methyl isothiocyanate, microbiologically induced corrosion, microbiologically influenced corrosion, microscopic, microwave interference coordination, mutual interference chart7) Химия: метилизоцианат ( Methyl isocyanate)8) Юридический термин: Minor In Consumption9) Автомобильный термин: mechanical instrument cluster10) Телекоммуникации: Medium Interface Connector (FDDI)11) Сокращение: MLRS International Corp. (UK), Media (medium) interface connector, Microwave Integrated Circuit, Military-Industrial Complex (Russia), microphone, Message Integrity Check, Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, Middle-In-Chain, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration12) Физика: Measuring Ionization Chamber13) Электроника: Monolithic Integrated Circuits14) Вычислительная техника: Management Information Centers, Management Integration Consortium, Memory In Cassette, Message Integrity Check / Code, microelectronic integrated circuit, monolithic integrated circuit, multimedia interactive control, Media Interface Connector (FDDI, PMD), Multiple Interface Connection (Kyocera), Memory in Cassette (Seagate, EEPROM, Streamer, AIT)15) Микробиология: minimum inhibitory concentration (минимальная подавляющая концентрация)16) Транспорт: Maximum Import Capacity17) Фирменный знак: Music Industry Coalition18) СМИ: Movie Item Collection19) Деловая лексика: Made In Canada, Market Intelligence Center, Meetings Industry Council20) Сетевые технологии: medium interface connector, Консорциум по интеграции средств сетевого управления, Консорциум по объединению систем управления, интерфейсный соединитель со средой, соединитель для подключения терминала к интерфейсу шины21) Безопасность: message integrity code22) Расширение файла: Master Interrupt Control, Microsoft Image Composer Data23) Электротехника: marketing interface to customer24) ООН: Man In Charge25) Должность: Midget In Charge, Music Industry Consultant -
44 strike
strike [straɪk]grève ⇒ 1 (a) raid ⇒ 1 (b) attaque ⇒ 1 (b) escadre ⇒ 1 (c) découverte ⇒ 1 (d) sonnerie ⇒ 1 (e) frapper ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c)-(e), 3 (n), 4 (a) toucher ⇒ 3 (a) atteindre ⇒ 3 (a) heurter ⇒ 3 (b) sonner ⇒ 3 (f), 4 (d) jouer ⇒ 3 (g) conclure ⇒ 3 (h) rendre ⇒ 3 (j) découvrir ⇒ 3 (l) attaquer ⇒ 3 (q), 4 (b) faire grève ⇒ 4 (c)1 noun∎ to go on strike se mettre en ou faire grève;∎ to be (out) on strike être en grève;∎ to threaten strike action menacer de faire ou de se mettre en grève;∎ the Italian air strike la grève des transports aériens en Italie;∎ railway strike grève f des chemins de fer;∎ teachers' strike grève f des enseignants;∎ coal or miners' strike grève f des mineurs;∎ postal or post office strike grève f des postes;∎ rent strike grève f des loyers∎ to carry out air strikes against or on enemy bases lancer des raids aériens contre des bases ennemies;∎ retaliatory strike raid m de représailles; (nuclear) deuxième frappe f∎ a gold strike la découverte d'un gisement d'or;∎ the recent oil strikes in the North Sea la découverte récente de gisements de pétrole en mer du Nord;∎ it was a lucky strike c'était un coup de chance(e) (of clock → chime, mechanism) sonnerie f;∎ life was regulated by the strike of the church clock la vie était rythmée par la cloche de l'église∎ the strike of iron on iron le bruit du fer qui frappe le fer;∎ he adjusted the strike of the keys on the platen roll il a réglé la frappe des caractères contre le cylindre∎ figurative he has two strikes against him il est mal parti;∎ figurative being too young was another strike against her le fait d'être trop jeune constituait un handicap supplémentaire pour elle(h) (in bowling) honneur m double;∎ to get or to score a strike réussir un honneur double∎ at the strike of day à la pointe ou au point du jour(a) (committee, movement) de grève∎ she raised her hand to strike him elle leva la main pour le frapper;∎ he struck me with his fist il m'a donné un coup de poing;∎ the chairman struck the table with his gavel le président donna un coup de marteau sur la table;∎ she took the vase and struck him on or over the head elle saisit le vase et lui donna un coup sur la tête;∎ she struck him across the face elle lui a donné une gifle;∎ a light breeze struck the sails une légère brise gonfla les voiles;∎ the phenomenon occurs when warm air strikes cold ce phénomène se produit lorsque de l'air chaud entre en contact avec de l'air froid;∎ a wave struck the side of the boat une vague a heurté le côté du bateau;∎ the arrow struck the target la flèche a atteint la cible;∎ a hail of bullets struck the car la voiture a été mitraillée;∎ he was struck by a piece of shrapnel il a été touché par ou il a reçu un éclat de grenade;∎ to be struck by lightning être frappé par la foudre, être foudroyé;∎ he went for them striking blows left and right il s'est jeté sur eux, distribuant les coups de tous côtés;∎ who struck the first blow? qui a porté le premier coup?, qui a frappé le premier?;∎ he struck the tree a mighty blow with the axe il a donné un grand coup de hache dans l'arbre;∎ the trailer struck the post a glancing blow la remorque a percuté le poteau en passant;∎ figurative to strike a blow for democracy/women's rights (law, event) faire progresser la démocratie/les droits de la femme; (person, group) marquer des points en faveur de la démocratie/des droits des femmes(b) (bump into, collide with) heurter, cogner;∎ his foot struck the bar on his first jump son pied a heurté la barre lors de son premier saut;∎ she fell and struck her head on or against the kerb elle s'est cogné la tête contre le bord du trottoir en tombant;∎ the Volvo struck the bus head on la Volvo a heurté le bus de plein fouet;∎ Nautical we've struck ground! nous avons touché (le fond)!(c) (afflict → of drought, disease, worry, regret) frapper; (→ of storm, hurricane, disaster, wave of violence) s'abattre sur, frapper;∎ an earthquake struck the city un tremblement de terre a frappé la ville;∎ he was struck by a heart attack il a eu une crise cardiaque;∎ the pain struck her as she tried to get up la douleur l'a saisie au moment où elle essayait de se lever;∎ I was struck by or with doubts j'ai été pris de doute, le doute s'est emparé de moi(d) (occur to) frapper;∎ only later did it strike me as unusual ce n'est que plus tard que j'ai trouvé ça ou que cela m'a paru bizarre;∎ it suddenly struck him how little had changed il a soudain pris conscience du fait que peu de choses avaient changé;∎ did it never strike you that you weren't wanted there? ne vous est-il jamais venu à l'esprit que vous étiez de trop?;∎ a terrible thought struck her une idée affreuse lui vint à l'esprit;∎ it strikes me as useless/as the perfect gift ça me semble ou paraît inutile/être le cadeau idéal;∎ he strikes me as (being) sincere il me paraît sincère;∎ it doesn't strike me as being the best course of action il ne me semble pas que ce soit la meilleure voie à suivre∎ the first thing that struck me was his pallor la première chose qui m'a frappé, c'était sa pâleur;∎ what strikes you is the silence ce qui (vous) frappe, c'est le silence;∎ how did she strike you? quelle impression vous a-t-elle faite?, quel effet vous a-t-elle fait?;∎ how did Tokyo/the film strike you? comment avez-vous trouvé Tokyo/le film?;∎ we can eat here and meet them later, how does that strike you? on peut manger ici et les retrouver plus tard, qu'en penses-tu?;∎ I wasn't very struck British with or American by his colleague son collègue ne m'a pas fait une grande impression∎ the church clock struck five l'horloge de l'église a sonné cinq heures;∎ it was striking midnight as we left minuit sonnait quand nous partîmes(g) (play → note, chord) jouer;∎ she struck a few notes on the piano elle a joué quelques notes sur le piano;∎ when he struck the opening chords the audience applauded quand il a joué ou plaqué les premiers accords le public a applaudi;∎ his presence/his words struck a gloomy note sa présence a/ses paroles ont mis une note de tristesse;∎ the report strikes an optimistic note/a note of warning for the future le rapport est très optimiste/très alarmant pour l'avenir;∎ does it strike a chord? est-ce que cela te rappelle ou dit quelque chose?;∎ to strike a chord with the audience faire vibrer la foule;∎ her description of company life will strike a chord with many managers beaucoup de cadres se reconnaîtront dans sa description de la vie en entreprise(h) (arrive at, reach → deal, treaty, agreement) conclure;∎ to strike a bargain conclure un marché;∎ I'll strike a bargain with you je te propose un marché;∎ it's not easy to strike a balance between too much and too little freedom il n'est pas facile de trouver un équilibre ou de trouver le juste milieu entre trop et pas assez de liberté∎ to strike fear or terror into sb remplir qn d'effroi(j) (cause to become) rendre;∎ to strike sb blind/dumb rendre qn aveugle/muet;∎ the news struck us speechless with horror nous sommes restés muets d'horreur en apprenant la nouvelle;∎ I was struck dumb by the sheer cheek of the man! je suis resté muet devant le culot de cet homme!;∎ a stray bullet struck him dead il a été tué par une balle perdue;∎ she was struck dead by a heart attack elle a été foudroyée par une crise cardiaque;∎ God strike me dead if I lie! je jure que c'est la vérité!∎ he struck a match or a light il a frotté une allumette;∎ British familiar old-fashioned strike a light! nom de Dieu!∎ familiar British to strike it lucky, American to strike it rich (make material gain) trouver le filon; (be lucky) avoir de la veine(m) (adopt → attitude) adopter;∎ he struck an attitude of wounded righteousness il a pris un air de dignité offensée(n) (mint → coin, medal) frapper∎ to strike camp lever le camp;∎ Nautical to strike the flag or the colours amener les couleurs;∎ Theatre to strike the set démonter le décor∎ that remark must be struck or American stricken from the record cette remarque doit être retirée du procès-verbal∎ the union is striking four of the company's plants le syndicat a déclenché des grèves dans quatre des usines de la société;∎ students are striking their classes les étudiants font la grève des cours;∎ the dockers are striking ships carrying industrial waste les dockers refusent de s'occuper des cargos chargés de déchets industriels∎ to strike roots prendre racine;∎ the tree had struck deep roots into the ground l'arbre avait des racines très profondes∎ she struck at me with her umbrella elle essaya de me frapper avec son parapluie;∎ familiar to strike lucky avoir de la veine;∎ proverb strike while the iron is hot il faut battre le fer pendant qu'il est chaud(b) (attack → gen) attaquer; (→ snake) mordre; (→ wild animal) sauter ou bondir sur sa proie; (→ bird of prey) fondre ou s'abattre sur sa proie;∎ the bombers struck at dawn les bombardiers attaquèrent à l'aube;∎ the murderer has struck again l'assassin a encore frappé;∎ these are measures which strike at the root/heart of the problem voici des mesures qui attaquent le problème à la racine/qui s'attaquent au cœur du problème;∎ this latest incident strikes right at the heart of government policy ce dernier incident remet complètement en cause la politique gouvernementale∎ they're striking for more pay ils font grève pour obtenir une augmentation de salaire;∎ the nurses struck over the minister's decision to freeze wages les infirmières ont fait grève suite à la décision du ministre de bloquer les salaires∎ midnight had already struck minuit avait déjà sonné(e) (happen suddenly → illness, disaster, earthquake) survenir, se produire, arriver;∎ we were travelling quietly along when disaster struck nous roulions tranquillement lorsque la catastrophe s'est produite;∎ the first tremors struck at 3 a.m. les premières secousses sont survenues à 3 heures du matin(f) (travel, head)∎ to strike across country prendre à travers champs;∎ they then struck west ils sont ensuite partis vers l'ouest(i) (of cutting) prendre (racine)►► strike ballot = vote avant que les syndicats ne décident d'une grève;Insurance strike clause clause f pour cas de grève;strike force (nuclear capacity) force f de frappe; (of police, soldiers → squad) détachement m ou brigade f d'intervention; (→ larger force) force f d'intervention;strike fund = caisse de prévoyance permettant d'aider les grévistes;strike pay salaire m de gréviste (versé par le syndicat ou par un fonds de solidarité);Finance strike price (for share) prix m d'exercice∎ the government struck back at its critics le gouvernement a répondu à ceux qui le critiquaientfoudroyer, terrasser;∎ figurative struck down by disease terrassé par la maladie∎ to be struck off (doctor, solicitor) être radié(c) Typography tirer∎ (go) to strike off to the left prendre à gauche;∎ we struck off into the forest nous sommes entrés ou avons pénétré dans la forêt(a) (cross out) rayer, barrer(b) (in baseball) éliminer(a) (set up on one's own) s'établir à son compte∎ she struck out across the fields elle prit à travers champs;∎ figurative they decided to strike out into a new direction ils ont décidé de prendre une nouvelle direction∎ we struck out for the shore nous avons commencé à nager en direction de la côte(d) (aim a blow) frapper;∎ she struck out at him elle essaya de le frapper; figurative elle s'en est prise à lui;∎ they struck out in all directions with their truncheons ils distribuaient des coups de matraque à droite et à gauche(e) (in baseball) être éliminéBritish (cross out) rayer, barrer∎ to strike up a conversation with sb engager la conversation avec qn;∎ they immediately struck up a conversation ils sont immédiatement entrés en conversation;∎ to strike up an acquaintance/a friendship with sb lier connaissance/se lier d'amitié avec qn∎ the band struck up the national anthem l'orchestre commença à jouer l'hymne national ou entonna les premières mesures de l'hymne national(musician, orchestra) commencer à jouer; (music) commencer -
45 service
(the ships of a country that are employed in trading, and their crews: His son has joined the merchant navy.) marina mercanteservice n1. serviciothe food is good, but the service is slow la comida es buena, pero el servicio es lento2. oficio religioso3. revisión4. saquefirst service! ¡primer saque!tr['sɜːvɪs]1 (attention to customer) servicio■ is service included? ¿el servicio está incluido?2 (organization, system, business) servicio■ there's a 24-hour service hay un servicio permanente, hay un servicio las 24 horas3 (work, duty) servicio4 (use) servicio5 (maintenance of car, machine) revisión nombre femenino6 SMALLRELIGION/SMALL oficio, oficio religioso7 (of dishes) vajilla; (for tea, coffee) juego8 (tennis) saque nombre masculino, servicio1 (for use of workers) de servicio2 (military) de militar1 (car, machine) revisar, hacer una revisión de2 (organization, group) atender, servir3 (debt, loan) pagar los intereses de1 (work, act, help) servicios nombre masculino plural1 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL las fuerzas nombre femenino plural armadas■ which of the services were you in? ¿en qué cuerpo estuviste?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat your service a su disposición, para servirlehow can I be of (any) service (to you)? ¿en qué puedo servirle?it's all part of the service está incluido en el servicioto do somebody a service hacer un favor a alguienservice area área de servicioservice charge (on bill) servicio 2 (in banking) comisión nombre femenino 3 (for flat) gastos nombre masculino plural de comunidadservice flat apartamento con servicios incluidosservice industry/sector sector nombre masculino de serviciosservice road vía de accesoservice station estación nombre femenino de servicio1) maintain: darle mantenimiento a (una máquina), revisar2) repair: arreglar, repararservice n1) help, use: servicio mto do someone a service: hacerle un servicio a alguienat your service: a sus órdenesto be out of service: no funcionar2) ceremony: oficio m (religioso)3) department, system: servicio msocial services: servicios socialestrain service: servicio de trenes4) set: juego m, servicio mtea service: juego de té5) maintenance: mantenimiento m, revisión f, servicio m6) : saque m (en deportes)7)armed services : fuerzas fpl armadasn.• entrega s.f.• juego s.m.• mantenimiento (Automóvil) s.m.• misa s.f.• prestación s.f.• servicio s.m.v.• atender v.• mantener v.(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-fut/c: -tendr-•)• reparar v.
I 'sɜːrvəs, 'sɜːvɪs1) ua) (duty, work) servicio mfive years' (length of) service — cinco años de antigüedad or de trabajo
b) ( as domestic servant)c) (given by a tool, machine)to come into service — entrar en servicio or en funcionamiento
2) u c (of professional, tradesman, company) servicio mservices 1 mile — (BrE) área de servicio a 1 milla
3) c u ( assistance) servicio mshe has done us all a service — nos ha hecho a todos un favor or servicio
my staff are at your service — mis empleados están a sus órdenes or a su entera disposición or a su servicio
how can I be of service to you? — ¿en qué puedo ayudarlo or servirlo?
4) c (organization, system) servicio mtelephone/postal service — servicio telefónico/postal
the bus/rail service — el servicio de autobusesenes
there's a daily/an hourly service to Boston — hay un servicio diario/un tren (or autobús etc) cada hora a Boston
5) ( Mil)6) u (in shop, restaurant) servicio m7) c u (overhaul, maintenance) revisión f, servicio m (AmL), service m (RPl); (before n) <contract, package> de mantenimientoservice engineer — técnico, -ca m,f de mantenimiento
8) c ( Relig) oficio m religiosowedding service — ceremonia f de boda
9) c ( in tennis) servicio m, saque mfirst/second service! — primer/segundo saque or servicio!
to break somebody's service — romper* el servicio de alguien, romperle* el servicio a alguien
10) c ( dinner service) vajilla f
II
1) (overhaul, maintain) \<\<car\>\> hacerle* una revisión or (AmL) un servicio or (RPl) un service a; \<\<machine/appliance\>\> hacerle* el mantenimiento a2) ( Fin) \<\<debt/loan\>\> atender* el servicio de (frml)['sɜːvɪs]1. N1) (=work)a) (=period of work) trabajo ma middle manager with over 20 years service — un mando medio con más de 20 años de antigüedad (en la empresa)
•
he saw service in Egypt — combatió en Egiptob) (=work provided) servicio m•
the company has a reputation for good service — la empresa tiene fama de dar un buen servicio (a los clientes)•
they offered their services free of charge — ofrecieron sus servicios gratuitamente•
they provide a 24-hour service — proporcionan un servicio de 24 horasc) (domestic)•
to be in service — ser criado(-a), servirshe was in service at Lord Olton's — era criada or servía en casa de Lord Olton
•
to go into service (with sb) — entrar a servir (en casa de algn)2) (=organization, system) servicio m•
the diplomatic service — el servicio diplomático•
they are attempting to maintain essential services — están intentando mantener en funcionamiento los servicios mínimos•
the postal service — el servicio postal•
rail services were disrupted by the strike — el servicio ferroviario se vio afectado por la huelgasecret 3., social 3.•
the train service to Pamplona — el servicio de trenes a Pamplona3) (=help, use) servicio mhe was knighted for his services to industry — le concedieron el título de Sir por sus servicios a la industria
•
Tristram Shandy, at your service! — ¡Tristram Shandy, para servirle or a sus órdenes!•
to be of service — ayudar, servirhow can I be of service? — ¿en qué puedo ayudar or servir?
•
the new buses were brought into service in 1995 — los autobuses nuevos entraron en servicio en 1995•
to do sth/sb a service, you have done me a great service — me ha hecho un gran favor, me ha sido de muchísima ayudathey do their country/profession no service — no hacen ningún favor a su patria/profesión
community 2.•
to be out of service — (Mech) no funcionar, estar fuera de servicio4) (in hotel, restaurant, shop) servicio mroom 3.5) services (Econ) (=tertiary sector) sector m terciario or (de) servicios; (on motorway) área f de servicio6) (Mil)•
service life didn't suit him — la vida militar no le pegabamilitary 3., national 3.•
the Services — las fuerzas armadas7) (Rel) (=mass) misa f ; (other) oficio m (religioso)funeral 2., wedding 2.I usually go to morning service — normalmente voy a la misa or al oficio matinal
8) (Aut, Mech) revisión fthe car is in for a service — están revisando el coche, están haciendo una revisión al coche
9) (=set of crockery) vajilla f10) (Tennis) servicio m, saque m•
a break of service — una ruptura de servicioto break sb's service — romper el servicio a or de algn
•
to hold/ lose one's service — ganar/perder el servicio2. VT1) [+ car] revisar, hacer la revisión a; [+ appliance] realizar el mantenimiento de2) [+ organization, committee, customers] dar servicio a, proveer de servicios a3) [+ debt] pagar el interés de3.CPDservice area N — (on motorway) área f de servicio
service charge N — (in restaurant) servicio m ; [of flat] gastos mpl de comunidad or de escalera (Sp), gastos mpl comunes (LAm)
service department N — (=repair shop) taller m de reparaciones
service economy N — economía f de servicios
service elevator N (US) — = service lift
service engineer N — técnico(-a) m / f (de mantenimiento)
service families NPL — familias fpl de miembros de las fuerzas armadas
service flat N — (Brit) piso o apartamento con servicio de criada y conserje
service hatch N — ventanilla f de servicio
service history N — [of car] historial m de reparaciones
service industry N — (=company) empresa f de servicios
the service industry or industries — el sector terciario or (de) servicios
service lift N — montacargas m inv
service line N — (Tennis) línea f de servicio or saque
service provider N — (Internet) proveedor m de (acceso a) Internet, proveedor m de servicios
service road N — vía f de acceso or de servicio
service sector N — (Econ) sector m terciario or (de) servicios
service station N — gasolinera f, estación f de servicio, bencinera f (Chile), grifo m (Peru)
service tree N — serbal m
service wife N — esposa f de un miembro de las fuerzas armadas
* * *
I ['sɜːrvəs, 'sɜːvɪs]1) ua) (duty, work) servicio mfive years' (length of) service — cinco años de antigüedad or de trabajo
b) ( as domestic servant)c) (given by a tool, machine)to come into service — entrar en servicio or en funcionamiento
2) u c (of professional, tradesman, company) servicio mservices 1 mile — (BrE) área de servicio a 1 milla
3) c u ( assistance) servicio mshe has done us all a service — nos ha hecho a todos un favor or servicio
my staff are at your service — mis empleados están a sus órdenes or a su entera disposición or a su servicio
how can I be of service to you? — ¿en qué puedo ayudarlo or servirlo?
4) c (organization, system) servicio mtelephone/postal service — servicio telefónico/postal
the bus/rail service — el servicio de autobuses/trenes
there's a daily/an hourly service to Boston — hay un servicio diario/un tren (or autobús etc) cada hora a Boston
5) ( Mil)6) u (in shop, restaurant) servicio m7) c u (overhaul, maintenance) revisión f, servicio m (AmL), service m (RPl); (before n) <contract, package> de mantenimientoservice engineer — técnico, -ca m,f de mantenimiento
8) c ( Relig) oficio m religiosowedding service — ceremonia f de boda
9) c ( in tennis) servicio m, saque mfirst/second service! — primer/segundo saque or servicio!
to break somebody's service — romper* el servicio de alguien, romperle* el servicio a alguien
10) c ( dinner service) vajilla f
II
1) (overhaul, maintain) \<\<car\>\> hacerle* una revisión or (AmL) un servicio or (RPl) un service a; \<\<machine/appliance\>\> hacerle* el mantenimiento a2) ( Fin) \<\<debt/loan\>\> atender* el servicio de (frml) -
46 drill
drill [drɪl]1 noun(a) (manual) porte-foret m; (electric) perceuse f; (of dentist) fraise f (de dentiste), roulette f; Petroleum industry (for oil well) trépan m; (pneumatic) marteau m piqueur; Mining perforatrice f∎ drill (bit) foret m, mèche f∎ School verb drill exercices mpl oraux sur les verbes;∎ Military firing drill instruction f du tir;∎ British familiar figurative I know the drill je sais ce qu'il faut faire□, je connais la marche à suivre□ ;∎ British familiar what's the drill? (what do you want me to do?) qu'est-ce qu'il y a à faire?; (for working the photocopier etc) comment on fait?∎ Petroleum industry to drill an oil well forer un puits de pétrole∎ I drilled him in what to say je lui ai fait la leçon sur ce qu'il fallait dire;∎ the troops are well drilled les troupes sont bien entraînées;∎ to drill good manners into sb apprendre les bonnes manières à qn;∎ it was drilled into them from an early age not to accept lifts from strangers depuis leur plus jeune âge, on leur avait enfoncé dans la tête qu'il ne fallait pas accepter de monter en voiture avec des inconnus;∎ School to drill pupils in French verbs faire faire aux élèves des exercices oraux sur les verbes français∎ he drilled the ball into the back of the net il envoya la balle droit au fond du filet□∎ they are drilling for oil ils forent ou effectuent des forages pour trouver du pétrole►► Military drill sergeant sergent m instructeur -
47 service
service ['sɜ:vɪs]1 noun(a) (to friend, community, country, God) service m;∎ in the service of God/one's country au service de Dieu/sa patrie;∎ he was rewarded for services rendered to industry/to his country il a été récompensé pour services rendus à l'industrie/à son pays;∎ to require the services of a priest/of a doctor avoir recours aux services d'un prêtre/d'un médecin;∎ many people gave their services free beaucoup de gens donnaient des prestations bénévoles;∎ to offer one's services proposer ses services;∎ for services rendered pour services rendus;∎ at your service à votre service, à votre disposition;∎ to be of service to sb rendre service à qn, être utile à qn;∎ can I be of service (to you)? puis-je vous aider ou vous être utile?; (in shop) qu'y a-t-il pour votre service?;∎ she's always ready to be of service elle est très serviable, elle est toujours prête à rendre service;∎ the jug had to do service as a teapot le pichet a dû faire office de ou servir de théière;∎ to do sb a service rendre (un) service à qn;∎ he did me a great service by not telling them il m'a rendu un grand service en ne leur disant rien;∎ the car has given us/has seen good service la voiture nous a bien servi/a fait long usage(b) (working order → of machine) service m;∎ to bring or put a machine into service mettre une machine en service;∎ to come into service (system, bridge) entrer en service;∎ the cash dispenser isn't in service at the moment le distributeur automatique de billets est hors service ou n'est pas en service en ce moment(c) (employment → in firm) service m;∎ twenty years' service with the same company vingt ans de service dans la même entreprise;∎ bonuses depend on length of service les primes sont versées en fonction de l'ancienneté∎ to be in service être domestique;∎ to go into or to enter sb's service entrer au service de qn(e) (in shop, hotel, restaurant) service m;∎ the food was good but the service was poor on a bien mangé mais le service n'était pas à la hauteur;∎ you get fast service in a supermarket on est servi rapidement dans un supermarché;∎ 10 percent service included/not included (on bill, menu) service 10 pour cent compris/non compris;∎ 10 percent is added for service (on bill, menu) service 10 pour cent non compris;∎ service with a smile (slogan) servi avec le sourire∎ he saw active service in Korea il a servi en Corée, il a fait la campagne de Corée;∎ fit/unfit for service apte/inapte au service;∎ Nautical service afloat/ashore service m à bord/à terre;∎ the services les (différentes branches des) forces fpl armées;∎ their son is in the services leur fils est dans les forces armées(g) (department, scheme) service m;∎ bus/train service service m d'autobus/de trains;∎ postal/telephone services services mpl postaux/téléphoniques;∎ a new 24-hour banking service un nouveau service bancaire fonctionnant 24 heures sur 24;∎ a bus provides a service between the two stations un autobus assure la navette entre les deux gares∎ to attend (a) service assister à l'office ou au culte∎ the car is due for its 20,000 mile service la voiture arrive à la révision des 32 000 km(j) (set of tableware) service m∎ Smith broke his opponent's service Smith a pris le service de son adversaire ou a fait le break∎ service of documents signification f d'actes(a) (entrance, hatch, stairs) de service(a) (overhaul → central heating, car) réviser;∎ to have one's car serviced faire réviser sa voiture;∎ the car has been regularly serviced la voiture a été régulièrement entretenue(c) (supply needs of) pourvoir aux besoins de∎ goods and services biens mpl et services mpl;∎ more and more people will be working in services de plus en plus de gens travailleront dans le tertiaire►► American service academy école f militaire;service agreement contrat m de service;service area Cars (on motorway) aire f de service; Television & Radio zone f desservie ou de réception;Cars service bay (in garage) zone f de travail;service bell (in hotel) sonnette f (pour appeler un employé de l'hôtel);Computing service bureau société f de traitement à façon;Australian & New Zealand service bus autocar m;Australian & New Zealand service car autocar m;Aviation service ceiling plafond m de fonctionnement normal;American Cars service center aire f de services (au bord d'une autoroute);service charge service m;∎ they've forgotten to include the service charge on the bill ils ont oublié de facturer le service;American service club club m à vocation caritative;service company entreprise f prestataire de services;service court (in tennis) rectangle m de service;service engineer technicien(enne) m,f de maintenance;service fault (in tennis) faute f de service;service fee prestation f de service;British service flat = appartement avec services ménagers et de restauration;service game (in tennis) jeu m de service;service hatch passe-plat m;service industry industrie f de services;service life durée f de vie;British service lift monte-charge m;service line (in tennis) ligne f de service;Astronomy service module module m de service;Military service personnel personnel m militaire;American service plaza relais m;service provider (person, company) prestataire m de service(s); Computing (for Internet) fournisseur m d'accès;Military service rifle fusil m réglementaire ou de l'armée;service road (behind shops, factory) = voie d'accès réservée aux livreurs; (on motorway) = voie d'accès réservée à l'entretien et aux services d'urgence;service station station-service f;Botany service tree alisier m, sorbier m;Military service vehicle véhicule m militaire ou de l'armée -
48 MSS
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stack Segment, Minimum SEGMENT SIZE, mobile satellite service, multiple satellite system2) Военный термин: Marine Scout Snipers, Measurement And Stimulus Subsystems, Message Support Subsystem, Mission-Management Support System, Moored Sonobuoy System, Specialized Minesweeper, main support structure, maintenance and supply squadron, maintenance support schedule, management systems study, manual safety switch, master simulation system, master surveillance station, medical service school, medical service squadron, medical support system, message switching station, military security service, military supply standards, missile security squadron, missile select switch, missile stabilization system, missile storage structure, missile subsystem, mission simulator system, mission support site, mission support system, mobile service structure, mobility subsystem, modular space station, munitions support squadron, Дивизион обеспечения безопасности (Mobile Security Squadron)3) Техника: main steam system, management systems section, manned space station, midcourse surveillance system, mission system software, mixed spectrum superheater, modified scram system, modular sonar system, moored surveillance system, multispectral scanner system4) Оптика: multispectral scanner5) Психология: Multidimensional Scale of Sexuality6) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Satellite Systems, Maximum Segment Size (TCP)7) Сокращение: Maintenance Selection System, Management Support System, Medical Supply Section, Microwave Surveillance System, Mine Search System (Army), Mine Search System, Miniature Surveillance System, Ministry of State Security, China, Minnesota State Statute, Missile Support Subsystem, Mobile Satellite System, Mobile Subscriber Equipment System, Motion Sensing Subsystem, Multi-Spectral Scanner, Multispectral / Spin Scanner, Multistatic Sonar System, manned space system, Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP), manuscripts, Министерство социальной солидарности (Ministry of Social Solidarity) (Министерство социальной солидарности Республики Италия), Manufacturer’s Standardization Society8) Электроника: Multispectral Scaling, Multispectral Scanning9) Вычислительная техника: Multiple Selling Service, MIMOLA Software System (MIMOLA), Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP, see also)10) Нефть: Manufacturers Standardization Society, Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry, management support services, manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry, multi shot survey, Общество по стандартизации в промышленности (США; Manufacturers Standardization Society)11) Космонавтика: multispectral scanner Landsat, Mobile Servicing System (Canada)12) Транспорт: Motor Surveillance Service13) Экология: multispectral sensor14) СМИ: Music Setting Service15) Деловая лексика: Maximum SAEF Size, Merchant Supply Services16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Manufacturers Standartization Society, magnetic single shot inclinometer17) Нефтегазовая техника Общество стандартизации трубопроводной арматуры (Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry)18) Сетевые технологии: MAN switching system, mass storage system, массовое запоминающее устройство, система коммутации региональной сети19) Автоматика: Manufacturing Standardization Society, manufacturing software system, manufacturing supervisory system20) Полупроводники: modulated semiconductor structure21) Химическое оружие: Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry22) Молекулярная генетика: microsatellite stable23) Безопасность: Managed Security Services24) Расширение файла: Multiprotocol Switched Services (IBM), Manuscript text file (Perfect Writer - Scribble - MINCE - Jove)25) Электротехника: medium scale system26) Общественная организация: Multiple Sclerosis Society27) Аэропорты: Massena, New York USA28) НАСА: Message Switching System29) Программное обеспечение: Maximum Segment Size30) AMEX. Measurement Specialties, Inc. -
49 mss
1) Компьютерная техника: Memory Stack Segment, Minimum SEGMENT SIZE, mobile satellite service, multiple satellite system2) Военный термин: Marine Scout Snipers, Measurement And Stimulus Subsystems, Message Support Subsystem, Mission-Management Support System, Moored Sonobuoy System, Specialized Minesweeper, main support structure, maintenance and supply squadron, maintenance support schedule, management systems study, manual safety switch, master simulation system, master surveillance station, medical service school, medical service squadron, medical support system, message switching station, military security service, military supply standards, missile security squadron, missile select switch, missile stabilization system, missile storage structure, missile subsystem, mission simulator system, mission support site, mission support system, mobile service structure, mobility subsystem, modular space station, munitions support squadron, Дивизион обеспечения безопасности (Mobile Security Squadron)3) Техника: main steam system, management systems section, manned space station, midcourse surveillance system, mission system software, mixed spectrum superheater, modified scram system, modular sonar system, moored surveillance system, multispectral scanner system4) Оптика: multispectral scanner5) Психология: Multidimensional Scale of Sexuality6) Телекоммуникации: Mobile Satellite Systems, Maximum Segment Size (TCP)7) Сокращение: Maintenance Selection System, Management Support System, Medical Supply Section, Microwave Surveillance System, Mine Search System (Army), Mine Search System, Miniature Surveillance System, Ministry of State Security, China, Minnesota State Statute, Missile Support Subsystem, Mobile Satellite System, Mobile Subscriber Equipment System, Motion Sensing Subsystem, Multi-Spectral Scanner, Multispectral / Spin Scanner, Multistatic Sonar System, manned space system, Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP), manuscripts, Министерство социальной солидарности (Ministry of Social Solidarity) (Министерство социальной солидарности Республики Италия), Manufacturer’s Standardization Society8) Электроника: Multispectral Scaling, Multispectral Scanning9) Вычислительная техника: Multiple Selling Service, MIMOLA Software System (MIMOLA), Maximum Segment Size (TCP/IP, see also)10) Нефть: Manufacturers Standardization Society, Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry, management support services, manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fitting Industry, multi shot survey, Общество по стандартизации в промышленности (США; Manufacturers Standardization Society)11) Космонавтика: multispectral scanner Landsat, Mobile Servicing System (Canada)12) Транспорт: Motor Surveillance Service13) Экология: multispectral sensor14) СМИ: Music Setting Service15) Деловая лексика: Maximum SAEF Size, Merchant Supply Services16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Manufacturers Standartization Society, magnetic single shot inclinometer17) Нефтегазовая техника Общество стандартизации трубопроводной арматуры (Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valve and Fittings Industry)18) Сетевые технологии: MAN switching system, mass storage system, массовое запоминающее устройство, система коммутации региональной сети19) Автоматика: Manufacturing Standardization Society, manufacturing software system, manufacturing supervisory system20) Полупроводники: modulated semiconductor structure21) Химическое оружие: Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry22) Молекулярная генетика: microsatellite stable23) Безопасность: Managed Security Services24) Расширение файла: Multiprotocol Switched Services (IBM), Manuscript text file (Perfect Writer - Scribble - MINCE - Jove)25) Электротехника: medium scale system26) Общественная организация: Multiple Sclerosis Society27) Аэропорты: Massena, New York USA28) НАСА: Message Switching System29) Программное обеспечение: Maximum Segment Size30) AMEX. Measurement Specialties, Inc. -
50 office
управление; департамент; комитет; отдел; бюро; секретариат, канцелярия; разг. кабина экипажаJoint Service Cruise Missile Program [Project] office — объединенное управление разработки КР (для ВВС и ВМС)
office of Information, Navy — информационное управление ВМС
office of Research, Development and Evaluation — управление НИОКР ВМС
office of the Chief, Army Reserve — управление резерва СВ
office of the Comptroller, Navy — управление главного финансового инспектора ВМС
office of the Deputy COFS for Research, Development and Acquisition — управление заместителя НШ по НИОКР и закупкам (СВ)
office, Aerospace Research — управление воздушно-космических исследований
office, Analysis and Review — управление анализа и контроля потребностей
office, Armor Force Management and Standardization — управление по вопросам администрации и стандартизации бронетанковых войск
office, Assistant COFS for Force Development — управление ПНШ по строительству ВС
office, Assistant COFS for Intelligence — управление ПНШ по разведке
office, Assistant COFS — управление [отдел] ПНШ
office, Assistant Secretary of Defense — аппарат [секретариат] ПМО
office, Chief of Chaplains — управление начальника службы военных священников (СВ)
office, Chief of Civil Affairs — управление по связям с гражданской администрацией и населением
office, Chief of Engineers — управление начальника инженерных войск
office, Chief of Finance (and Accounting) — управление начальника финансовой службы (СВ)
office, Chief of Legislative Liaison — отдел связи с законодательными органами
office, Chief of Ordnance — управление начальника артиллерийско-технической службы (СВ)
office, Chief of R&D — управление НИОКР (СВ)
office, Chief of Transportation — управление [отдел] начальника транспортной службы
office, Chief, Chemical Corps — управление начальника химической службы
office, COFS for Operations — оперативное управление НШ
office, COFS, Army — аппарат НШ СВ
office, Consolidated Personnel — управление гражданских рабочих и служащих
office, Coordinator of Army Studies — управление координатора разработок СВ
office, Defense Transportation — управление военно-транспортной службы
office, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Air Warfare — управление заместителя НШ ВМС по боевому применению авиации
office, Deputy COFS for Aviation — отдел заместителя НШ по авиации (МП)
office, Deputy COFS for Installations and Logistics — управление заместителя НШ по расквартированию и тыловому обеспечению
office, Deputy COFS for Manpower — управление заместителя НШ по людским ресурсам
office, Deputy COFS for Operations and Training — управление заместителя НШ по оперативной и боевой подготовке
office, Deputy COFS for Plans and Logistics — управление заместителя НШ по планированию тылового обеспечения
office, Development and Engineering — отдел технических разработок (ЦРУ)
office, Development and Weapon Systems Analysis — управление разработки и анализа систем вооружения
office, Director of Development Planning — управление планирования строительства (ВВС)
office, Director of Foreign Intelligence — управление начальника внешней разведки
office, Distribution Services — отдел распределения и рассылки картографических изданий (МО)
office, Economic Research — отдел экономических исследований (ЦРУ)
office, Emergency Transportation — управление чрезвычайных перевозок
office, Employment Policy and Grievance Review — отдел по вопросам занятости и рассмотрению жалоб (СВ)
office, Federal Procurement Policy — управление разработки федеральной политики в области закупок
office, Force Planning and Analysis — управление планирования и анализа строительства ВС
office, General Council — управление генерального юрисконсульта
office, Geographic and Cartographic Research — отдел географических и картографических исследований (ЦРУ)
office, Imagery Analysis — отдел анализа видовой информации (ЦРУ)
office, Information and Legal Affairs — управление информации и права (МО)
office, Information for. the Armed Forces — управление информации ВС
office, JCS — аппарат КНШ
office, Judge Advocate General — управление начальника военно-юридической службы
office, Management and Budget — административно-бюджетное управление
office, Military Assistance — управление по оказанию военной помощи
office, Personnel Manager — отдел кадров (СВ)
office, Services and Information Agency — отдел управления информационного обеспечения
office, Special Assistant for Logistical Support of Army Aircraft — отдел специального помощника по вопросам МТО армейской авиации
office, Special Assistant for Logistical Support of Tactical Communications — отдел специального помощника по вопросам МТО тактических систем связи
office, the Inspector General — управление генерального инспектора
office, the Legislative Affairs — управление военного законодательства
office, Under Secretary of Navy — аппарат заместителя министра ВМС
office, Under Secretary of the Air Force — аппарат заместителя министра ВВС
Personnel, Plans and Training office — отдел по вопросам ЛС, планирования и боевой подготовки
Strategic Objectives [Targets] Planning office — управление планирования стратегических задач (КНШ)
Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Night Observation System office — управление разработки систем наблюдения, засечки целей и ПНВ
— Resources Management office -
51 assembly
(a) (meeting → gen) réunion f, assemblée f;∎ a place of assembly un lieu de réunion;∎ unlawful assembly attroupement m;∎ the right of assembly la liberté de réunion∎ National Assembly l'Assemblée f nationale∎ Cars the engine assembly le bloc moteur►► Military assembly area zone f d'attente;assembly hall = hall où les enfants se réunissent le matin avant d'entrer en classe;assembly instructions instructions fpl de montage ou d'assemblage;Computing assembly language langage m d'assemblage;assembly language program programme m en assembleur;Industry assembly line chaîne f de montage;∎ to work on an assembly line travailler à la chaîne;Industry assembly plant usine f de montage;assembly point point m de rassemblement;assembly room (gen) salle f de réunion; (at town hall) salle f des fêtes; (industrial) atelier m de montage;Industry assembly shop salle f de montage -
52 black
black [blæk]∎ as black as ink noir comme du jais ou de l'encre;∎ black and blue (bruised) couvert de bleus;∎ they beat him black and blue ils l'ont roué de coups;∎ to be black and blue all over être couvert de bleus, être tuméfié;∎ Australian familiar beyond the Black Stump en pleine brousse, au diable vauvert∎ the black area of New York le quartier noir de New York;∎ he won the black vote il a gagné les voix de l'électorat noir;∎ black man Noir m;∎ black woman Noire f;∎ the room was as black as British pitch or American tar dans la pièce il faisait noir comme dans un four∎ they painted a black picture of our prospects ils ont peint un sombre tableau de notre avenir;∎ the situation is not as black as it looks la situation n'est pas aussi désespérée qu'on pourrait le croire;∎ the situation looks black les choses se présentent très mal;∎ in a fit of black despair dans un moment d'extrême désespoir;∎ it's a black day for the UN c'est un jour noir pour l'ONU∎ he gave her a black look il lui a jeté ou lancé un regard noir∎ a black deed un crime, un forfait;∎ he's not as black as he's painted il n'est pas aussi mauvais qu'on le dit∎ her hands were black with ink elle avait les mains pleines d'encre2 noun∎ he'd swear black is white il refuse d'admettre l'évidence(b) (darkness) obscurité f, noir m∎ to get back into the black sortir du rouge;∎ I want the agreement in black and white (written down) je veux voir l'accord écrit noir sur blanc;∎ to put sth down in black and white écrire qch noir sur blanc;∎ things aren't that black and white les choses ne sont pas si simples∎ he blacked his attacker's eye il a poché l'œil de son agresseur;∎ Theatre the actors blacked their faces les acteurs se sont noirci le visage►► black Africa l'Afrique f noire;black American Afro-Américain(e) m,f;the black art, the black arts la magie noire;black bear ours m noir;Black Beauty = pur-sang dans un célèbre roman pour enfants écrit par Anna Sewell en 1877;Entomology black beetle cafard m, blatte f;∎ she's a black belt in judo elle est ceinture noire de judo;Finance black book plan m de défense contre une OPA ou anti-OPA;Accountancy & Finance black bottom line solde m créditeur;black box boîte f noire;Cookery black bread pain m de seigle;black cab taxi m londonien, taxi m anglais;black cherry Botany (fruit) guigne f noire; (tree) merisier m américain, French Canadian cerisier m tardif;black comedy comédie f noire;Politics black consciousness négritude f;the Black Country le Pays noir;History Black Death peste f noire;Ornithology black duck canard m noir;Commerce black economy économie f noire;black eye œil m poché ou au beurre noir;∎ I'll give him a black eye! je vais lui faire un œil au beurre noir!;the Black Forest la Forêt noire;Black Forest gateau forêt-noire f;Petroleum industry black gold or m noir;Ornithology black grouse tétras-lyre m, coq m des bouleaux;Ornithology black guillemot guillemot m à miroir blanc;Astronomy black hole trou m noir;History the Black Hole of Calcutta = célèbre prison à Calcutta au XVIIIème siècle;∎ familiar it's like the Black Hole of Calcutta in there! il fait horriblement sombre là-dedans!;black humour humour m noir;black ice verglas m;Ornithology black kite milan m noir;Stock Exchange black knight chevalier m noir;Ornithology black lark calandre m nègre;Chemistry & Metallurgy black lead graphite m;black magic magie f noire;Zoology black mamba mamba m noir;familiar Black Maria panier m à salade (fourgon);black mark mauvais point m;∎ it's a black mark against her ça joue contre elle;1 nounCommerce marché m noir;∎ on the black market au marché noir(cigarettes, whisky) au marché noir;Commerce black marketeer vendeur(euse) m,f au marché noir;Black Mass messe f noire;Botany black medick luzerne f lupuline, minette f;Stock Exchange Black Monday lundi m noir, jour m du krach (boursier) (le lundi 19 octobre 1987);black money (earned on black market) argent m du marché noir; (undeclared) argent non déclaré au fisc;Religion Black Muslim Black Muslim mf (membre d'un mouvement séparatiste noir se réclamant de l'Islam);Politics Black Nationalism = mouvement nationaliste noir américain;black pepper poivre m gris;Politics Black Power Black Power m (mouvement séparatiste noir né dans les années 60 aux États-Unis);History the Black Prince le Prince Noir (fils du roi Édouard III d'Angleterre et duc d'Aquitaine);Cookery black pudding boudin m (noir);Botany black radish radis m noir;Ornithology black redstart rouge-queue m noir;Parliament Black Rod = huissier chargé par la Chambre des lords britannique de convoquer les Communes;Black Russian (cocktail) black russian m;the Black Sea la mer Noire;black sheep brebis f galeuse;British figurative black spot point m noir;Ornithology black stork cigogne f noire;University Black Studies = études afro-américaines;History the Black and Tans = forces armées britanniques envoyées en Irlande en 1920 pour lutter contre le Sinn Fein;Ornithology black tern guifette f épouvantail, guifette f noire;Black Thursday Jeudi noir (jour du krach de Wall Street qui déclencha la crise de 1929);black tie = nœud papillon noir porté avec une tenue de soirée;∎ black tie (on invitation card) tenue de soirée exigée;black velvet (cocktail) = cocktail de champagne et de stout;British Military Black Watch = nom populaire d'un régiment de l'armée britannique, le Royal Highland Regiment;Ornithology black wheatear traquet m rieur ou noir;black widow (spider) latrodecte m, veuve f noire;Ornithology black woodpecker pic m noirs'évanouirTheatre se maquiller la peau en noir, se noircir le visageⓘ BLACK AMERICAN ENGLISH Beaucoup d'Afro-Américains parlent un anglais particulier dont la syntaxe et le vocabulaire portent encore l'empreinte de certaines langues africaines. De nos jours certains spécialistes rejettent le terme "Black American English", se fondant sur le fait que cette langue - aujourd'hui communément appelée "ebonics" - est plus proche des structures des langues africaines parlées par les premiers esclaves que de l'anglais standard, alors que d'autres la considèrent comme un simple dialecte. Récemment, et ce particulièrement grâce à la popularité du rap, l'anglais parlé par les Afro-Américains est devenu à la mode chez les jeunes des deux côtés de l'Atlantique.ⓘ THE BLACK COUNTRY Le Pays noir désigne, en Grande-Bretagne, la région des West Midlands, riche en aciéries et en mines de charbon. -
53 heavy
heavy ['hevɪ]lourd ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 1 (e), 1 (f), 1 (i), 1 (k), 1 (m)-(o), 1 (r), 1 (t), 2 chargé ⇒ 1 (b), 1 (k) important ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (p) gros ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (e)-(h) grave ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (r) pénible ⇒ 1 (k) rôle tragique ⇒ 3 (a) dur ⇒ 3 (b)∎ how heavy is he? combien pèse-t-il?;∎ how heavy is it? est-ce que c'est lourd?;∎ it's too heavy for me to lift je ne peux pas le soulever, c'est ou ça pèse trop lourd;∎ heavy luggage gros bagages mpl, bagages mpl lourds(b) (burdened, laden) chargé, lourd;∎ the branches were heavy with fruit les branches étaient chargées ou lourdes de fruits;∎ her eyes were heavy with sleep elle avait les yeux lourds de sommeil;∎ Zoology heavy with young gravide, grosse(c) (in quantity → expenses, payments) important, considérable; (→ fine, losses) gros (grosse), lourd; (→ taxes) lourd; (→ casualties, damages) énorme, important; (→ crop) abondant, gros (grosse); (→ dew) abondant; (→ user) gros (grosse);∎ she has a heavy cold elle a un gros rhume, elle est fortement enrhumée;∎ to have heavy periods avoir des règles abondantes;∎ there's a heavy demand for teachers il y a une forte ou grosse demande d'enseignants;∎ her students make heavy demands on her ses étudiants sont très exigeants avec elle ou exigent beaucoup d'elle;∎ heavy rain forte pluie f;∎ heavy seas grosse mer f;∎ heavy showers grosses ou fortes averses fpl;∎ heavy sleep sommeil m profond ou lourd;∎ to be a heavy sleeper avoir le sommeil profond ou lourd;∎ heavy snow neige f abondante, fortes chutes fpl de neige;∎ they expect heavy trading on the Stock Exchange ils s'attendent à ce que le marché soit très actif;∎ heavy traffic circulation f dense, grosse circulation f∎ he's a heavy drinker/smoker il boit/fume beaucoup, c'est un grand buveur/fumeur;∎ a heavy gambler un(une) flambeur(euse);∎ familiar you've been a bit heavy on the pepper tu as eu la main un peu lourde avec le poivre(e) (laborious → movement) lourd; (→ step) pesant, lourd; (→ sigh) gros (grosse), profond; (→ thud) gros (grosse);∎ he was dealt a heavy blow (hit) il a reçu un coup violent; (from fate) ça a été un rude coup ou un gros choc pour lui;∎ heavy breathing (from effort, illness) respiration f pénible; (from excitement) respiration f haletante;∎ heavy fighting is reported in the Gulf on signale des combats acharnés dans le Golfe;∎ to rule with a heavy hand gouverner de façon très autoritaire;∎ we could hear his heavy tread on the stairs nous l'entendions monter l'escalier d'un pas lourd;∎ a heavy landing un atterrissage brutal∎ a man of heavy build un homme solidement bâti∎ heavy features gros traits mpl, traits mpl épais ou lourds∎ familiar things got a bit heavy les choses ont mal tourné(j) (depressed → mood, spirits) abattu, déprimé;∎ with a heavy heart, heavy at heart le cœur gros∎ I've got a heavy day ahead of me j'ai une journée chargée devant moi;∎ heavy going (in horseracing) terrain m lourd;∎ figurative they found it heavy going ils ont trouvé cela pénible ou difficile;∎ the rain made the trip heavy going la pluie a rendu le voyage pénible;∎ it was heavy going getting them to agree j'ai eu du mal à le leur faire accepter;∎ I found his last novel very heavy going j'ai trouvé son dernier roman très indigeste∎ the report makes for heavy reading le rapport n'est pas d'une lecture facile ou est ardu∎ these scones are a bit on the heavy side ces scones sont un peu lourds ou indigestes(o) (ominous, oppressive → air, cloud, weather) lourd; (→ sky) couvert, chargé, lourd; (→ silence) lourd, pesant, profond; (→ smell, perfume) lourd, fort; familiar (→ situation) difficile□, menaçant□ ;∎ to make heavy weather of doing sth avoir du mal à faire qch;∎ familiar to get heavy with sb devenir agressif avec qn□∎ to have a heavy date avoir un rendez-vous galant∎ the market is heavy le marché est lourd ou orienté vers la baisse2 adverb(a) (lie, weigh) lourd, lourdement;∎ the lie weighed heavy on her conscience le mensonge pesait lourd sur sa conscience;∎ time hangs heavy on his hands il trouve le temps long∎ to come on heavy with sb être dur avec qn3 noun∎ he usually plays the heavy d'habitude il joue des rôles de traître∎ he sent round the heavies il a envoyé les brutes ou les casseurs;∎ don't come the heavy with me ne joue pas au dur avec moi∎ the heavies = les quotidiens de qualité►► Military heavy artillery artillerie f lourde ou de gros calibre;familiar heavy breather auteur m de coups de téléphone obscènes□ ;Military heavy fire feu m nourri, feu m intense;American heavy hitter (in baseball) = joueur qui frappe fort et marque beaucoup de points; figurative homme m influent, gros bonnet m;Chemistry heavy hydrogen hydrogène m lourd, deutérium m;Industry heavy industry industrie f lourde;heavy machinery matériel m lourd;Stock Exchange heavy market marché m lourd;familiar the heavy mob les casseurs mpl, les durs mpl;heavy oil huile f lourde;heavy petting (UNCOUNT) caresses fpl très poussées;Typography heavy type caractères mpl gras;Physics heavy water eau f lourde -
54 service
1. n1) служба; обслуживание, сервис2) заслуга; услуга3) эксплуатация4) срок службы•to build up a coherent international civil service — создавать согласованную международную гражданскую службу
to cut back on health and social services — урезать ассигнования на здравоохранение и социальные нужды
to give an idea diplomatic lip service — дипломатически поддерживать какую-л. идею на словах
to give the Health Service a substantial boost in funding — выделять крупные ассигнования на нужды здравоохранения
to lead a service — церк. проводить службу
to pay lip service (to) — относиться формально (к чему-л.); поддерживать (что-л.) на словах
to perform services — выполнять услуги / работы
to render services to smb — предоставлять / оказывать услуги кому-л.
to say a service — церк. отправлять богослужение
to smooth the way to privatizing the health service — готовить почву для денационализации здравоохранения
to take service with smb — поступать на службу к кому-л.
to take into one's service — нанимать
- administrative servicesto utilize the services (of smb) — использовать (чьи-л.) услуги
- advisory service
- amusement and recreation services
- analytical services
- at your service
- auxiliary services
- base service
- battle service
- break in service
- British Intelligence Service
- broadcasting service
- budgetary services
- call to military service
- career service
- civil service
- classified service
- closed services
- communal public services
- community services
- compulsory military service
- computer services
- conciliation service
- consular service
- consultant services
- consultation service
- consumer services
- continuous length of service
- continuous service
- counter-intelligence service
- Criminal Intelligence Service
- data processing services
- debt service
- dedication service
- deterioration in the social services
- development planning advisory services
- diplomatic pouch service
- diplomatic service
- emergency service
- employment service
- essential services
- evasion of military service
- exigency of service
- expatriate advisory service
- expert services
- expiration of service
- export services
- extension of the services of an expert
- extension services
- Federal Security Service
- field services
- financial services
- foreign intelligence service
- foreign service
- functional services
- government foreign services
- government service
- great services to the state
- guidance and counseling services
- health services
- honorable service
- information service
- integrated services
- intelligence service
- Internal Revenue Service
- international civil service
- international information service
- investment services
- joint service
- labor service
- language services
- legal services
- length of labor service
- liable for military service
- local service
- long service
- long-distance telephone service
- mail and messenger service
- management consulting services
- management information service
- management services
- maternity and child care service
- medical service
- memorial service
- merchant service
- messenger service
- meteorological service
- military service
- moral objection to compulsory military service
- municipal services
- national services
- Naval Investigative Service
- on active service
- operational service
- outstanding services
- oversea service
- period of service
- personal services
- postal services
- pouch service
- press service
- procurement services
- provision of consultative services
- public health service
- public service
- radio service
- rear services
- religious service
- reporting services
- round-the-world service
- sanitary services
- Secret Service
- security service
- selective service
- separation from the service
- service with the colors
- services to foreign troops
- short-term advisory services
- social service
- social welfare services
- special service
- state security service
- state service
- statistical service
- subcontracted services
- tangible services
- technical services
- technical training services
- through service
- UN civil service
- uninterrupted length of service
- universal military service
- voluntary national service
- war service 2. v1) обслуживать; оказывать услугу• -
55 air
air [eə(r)]1 noun∎ I need some (fresh) air j'ai besoin de prendre l'air;∎ I went out for a breath of (fresh) air je suis sorti prendre l'air;∎ literary to take the air prendre le frais;∎ the divers came up for air les plongeurs sont remontés à la surface pour respirer;∎ figurative I need a change of air j'ai besoin de changer d'air;∎ to disappear or vanish into thin air se volatiliser, disparaître sans laisser de traces∎ the smoke rose into the air la fumée s'éleva vers le ciel;∎ to throw sth up into the air lancer qch en l'air;∎ to fly through the air voler ou voltiger en l'air;∎ seen from the air, the fields looked like a chessboard vus d'avion, les champs ressemblaient à un échiquier;∎ to travel by air voyager par avion;∎ mail that is sent by air le courrier (envoyé) par avion∎ to be on (the) air (person) être à ou avoir l'antenne; (programme) être à l'antenne; (station) émettre;∎ you're on the air vous avez l'antenne;∎ the station goes off the air at midnight les programmes finissent à minuit(e) (manner, expression) air m;∎ he has an air about him il en impose;∎ there is an air of mystery about her elle a un air mystérieux;∎ with a triumphant air d'un air triomphant;∎ she smiled with a knowing air elle sourit d'un air entendu(b) (express → opinion, grievance) exprimer, faire connaître; (→ suggestion, idea) exprimer, avancer∎ the film airs next week le film sera diffusé la semaine prochaine∎ to put on or to give oneself airs se donner de grands airs;∎ British airs and graces minauderies fpl∎ there's a rumour in the air that they're going to sell le bruit court qu'ils vont vendre;∎ there's something in the air il se trame quelque chose;∎ everything's up in the air (uncertain) rien n'a été décidé pour l'instant;∎ our holiday plans are still (up) in the air nos projets de vacances sont encore assez vagues;∎ the project is still very much (up) in the air le projet n'est encore qu'à l'état d'ébauche ou est encore vague►► air alert alerte f aérienne;air ambulance avion m sanitaire;air bladder vessie f natatoire;Building industry air brick brique f creuse;air cargo fret m aérien;Technology air chamber chambre f à air;British Military air commodore ≃ général m de brigade aérienne, French Canadian ≃ brigadier-général m;air compressor compresseur m d'air;Aviation air corridor couloir m aérien;Meteorology air current courant m atmosphérique;Technology air curtain store m d'air (chaud ou froid);Technology air cylinder cylindre m à air comprimé;Technology air duct conduite f d'air, amenée f d'air;Aviation air ferry avion m transbordeur;air filter filtre m à air;Aviation air freighter avion-cargo m;Chemistry air freshener désodorisant m (pour la maison);Technology air gauge micromètre m pneumatique;air hostess hôtesse f de l'air;Aviation air lane couloir m aérien ou de navigation aérienne;Aviation air letter aérogramme m;Aviation air link liaison f aérienne;British Military air marshal ≃ général m de corps aérien, French Canadian & Belgian ≃ lieutenant-général m;Meteorology air mass masse f d'air;air mattress matelas m pneumatique;Aviation air mile mille m marin;air miles = points que l'on peut accumuler lors de certains achats et qui permettent de bénéficier de réductions sur des billets d'avion;∎ to collect air miles accumuler des points;History Air Ministry ≃ Ministère m de l'Air;Aviation air miss quasicollision f (aérienne);Technology air passage conduit m aérifère;Technology air pistol pistolet m à air comprimé;Botany air plant plante f aéricole, (plante f) épiphyte m;air pocket Meteorology & Aviation (affecting plane) trou m d'air; Technology (in pipe) poche f d'air;Ecology air pollution pollution f atmosphérique;Meteorology & Technology air pressure pression f atmosphérique;Technology air pressure gauge manomètre m;Technology air pump compresseur m, pompe f à air;Meteorology Air Quality Index indice m de pollution de l'air;Aviation air rage = comportement agressif de certains passagers d'avion;Military air raid attaque f aérienne, raid m aérien;Technology air rifle carabine f à air comprimé;Aviation air route route f aérienne;Aviation air service liaison f aérienne;Golf air shot air-shot m;Astrology air sign signe m d'air;air speed vitesse f du vol;Military air supremacy suprématie f aérienne;Aviation air tanker avitailleur m;Aviation air taxi avion-taxi m;Meteorology air temperature température f ambiante;Aviation air terminal aérogare f;Aviation air ticket billet m d'avion;Aviation air traffic circulation f aérienne, trafic m aérien;Aviation air transport transport m aérien ou par avion;Aviation air travel voyages mpl en avion;air travel organiser organisateur m de voyages par avion;Technology air valve soupape f (pour l'air);British Military air vice-marshal ≃ général m de division aérienne, French Canadian ≃ major-général m, Belgian ≃ général-major;Military air war guerre f aérienne;Commerce air waybill lettre f de transport aérien, connaissement m aérien -
56 strike
1. nounbe on/go [out] or come out on strike — in den Streik getreten sein/in den Streik treten
make a strike — sein Glück machen; (Mining) fündig werden
3) (sudden success)[lucky] strike — Glückstreffer, der
4) (act of hitting) Schlag, der5) (Mil.) Angriff, der (at auf + Akk.)2. transitive verb,1) (hit) schlagen; [Schlag, Geschoss:] treffen [Ziel]; [Blitz:] [ein]schlagen in (+ Akk.), treffen; (afflict) treffen; [Epidemie, Seuche, Katastrophe usw.:] heimsuchenstrike one's head on or against the wall — mit dem Kopf gegen die Wand schlagen
the ship struck the rocks — das Schiff lief auf die Felsen
2) (delete) streichen (from, off aus)3) (deliver)who struck [the] first blow? — wer hat zuerst geschlagen?
strike a blow against somebody/against or to something — (fig.) jemandem/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen
strike a blow for something — (fig.) eine Lanze für etwas brechen
5) (chime) schlagen6) (Mus.) anschlagen [Töne auf dem Klavier]; anzupfen, anreißen [Töne auf der Gitarre]; (fig.) anschlagen [Ton]7) (impress) beeindruckenstrike somebody as [being] silly — jemandem dumm zu sein scheinen od. dumm erscheinen
it strikes somebody that... — es scheint jemandem, dass...
how does it strike you? — was hältst du davon?
8) (occur to) einfallen (+ Dat.)9) (cause to become)a heart attack struck him dead — er erlag einem Herzanfall
be struck blind/dumb — erblinden/verstummen
10) (attack) überfallen; (Mil.) angreifen11) (encounter) begegnen (+ Dat.)12) (Mining) stoßen auf (+ Akk.)strike gold — auf Gold stoßen; (fig.) einen Glückstreffer landen (ugs.) (in mit)
13) (reach) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Hauptstraße, Weg, Fluss]14) (adopt) einnehmen [[Geistes]haltung]15) (take down) einholen [Segel, Flagge]; abbrechen [Zelt, Lager]3. intransitive verb,1) (deliver a blow) zuschlagen; [Pfeil:] treffen; [Blitz:] einschlagen; [Unheil, Katastrophe, Krise, Leid:] hereinbrechen (geh.); (collide) zusammenstoßen; (hit) schlagen ( against gegen, [up]on auf + Akk.)2) (ignite) zünden3) (chime) schlagen4) (Industry) streiken5) (attack; also Mil.) zuschlagen (fig.)7) (direct course)strike south — etc. sich nach Süden usw. wenden
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/118652/strike_at">strike at* * *1. past tense - struck; verb1) (to hit, knock or give a blow to: He struck me in the face with his fist; Why did you strike him?; The stone struck me a blow on the side of the head; His head struck the table as he fell; The tower of the church was struck by lightning.) (ein)schlagen2) (to attack: The enemy troops struck at dawn; We must prevent the disease striking again.) zuschlagen3) (to produce (sparks or a flame) by rubbing: He struck a match/light; He struck sparks from the stone with his knife.) entzünden, schlagen4) ((of workers) to stop work as a protest, or in order to force employers to give better pay: The men decided to strike for higher wages.) streiken5) (to discover or find: After months of prospecting they finally struck gold/oil; If we walk in this direction we may strike the right path.) finden, stoßen auf6) (to (make something) sound: He struck a note on the piano/violin; The clock struck twelve.) (an)schlagen, spielen7) (to impress, or give a particular impression to (a person): I was struck by the resemblance between the two men; How does the plan strike you?; It / The thought struck me that she had come to borrow money.) beeindrucken9) (to go in a certain direction: He left the path and struck (off) across the fields.) den Weg einschlagen10) (to lower or take down (tents, flags etc).) abbrechen, streichen2. noun1) (an act of striking: a miners' strike.) der Streik2) (a discovery of oil, gold etc: He made a lucky strike.) der Treffer•- striker- striking
- strikingly
- be out on strike
- be on strike
- call a strike
- come out on strike
- come
- be within striking distance of
- strike at
- strike an attitude/pose
- strike a balance
- strike a bargain/agreement
- strike a blow for
- strike down
- strike dumb
- strike fear/terror into
- strike home
- strike it rich
- strike lucky
- strike out
- strike up* * *strike1[straɪk]I. nsit-down \strike Sitzstreik msolidarity \strike Solidaritätsstreik msteel \strike Stahlarbeiterstreik msympathy \strike Sympathiestreik ma wave of \strikes eine Streikwelleto be [out] on \strike streikento be on \strike against sth/sb AM etw/jdn bestreikento call a \strike einen Streik ausrufento call for a \strike zu einem Streik aufrufen2. (occurrence)one-\strike-and-you're-out policy Politik f des harten Durchgreifensthe right to \strike das Recht zu streiken, das Streikrechtstriking workers streikende Arbeiterstrike2[straɪk]I. nair \strike Luftangriff mmilitary \strike Militärschlag mmissile \strike Raketenangriff mnuclear \strike Atomschlag m, Atomangriff mretaliatory \strike Vergeltungsschlag m, Vergeltungsangriff msurgical \strike gezielter Angriffto launch a \strike einen Angriff starten, einen Schlag durchführengold/oil \strike Gold-/Ölfund mto make a gold \strike auf Gold stoßenif you're poor and you've been to prison you've already got two \strikes against you ( fig fam) wenn man arm ist und im Gefängnis war, ist man von vornherein doppelt benachteiligtII. vt1. (beat)to \strike the door/table with one's fist mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch schlagento \strike sb in the face jdn ins Gesicht schlagen2. (send by hitting)to \strike a ball einen Ball schlagen/schießenyou struck the ball perfectly! das war ein perfekter Schlag/Schuss!to be struck by a bullet/missile/by lightning von einer Kugel/Rakete/vom Blitz getroffen werden4. (meet, bump against)her head struck the kerb sie schlug mit dem Kopf auf die Bordsteinkantehe was struck by a car er wurde von einem Auto angefahren5. (knock, hurt)to \strike one's fist against the door/on the table mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch schlagen6. (inflict)to \strike a blow zuschlagento \strike two blows zweimal zuschlagento \strike sb a blow jdm einen Schlag versetzenthe judge's ruling \strikes a blow for racial equality das Urteil des Richters ist ein wichtiger Sieg im Kampf für die Rassengleichheit7. (devastate)▪ to \strike sb/sth jdn/etw heimsuchenthe flood struck Worcester die Flut brach über Worcester herein8. (give an impression)▪ to \strike sb as... jdm... scheinenalmost everything he said struck me as absurd fast alles, was er sagte, schien mir ziemlich verworren [o kam mir ziemlich verworren vor]how does Jimmy \strike you? wie findest du Jimmy?she doesn't \strike me as [being] very motivated sie scheint mir nicht besonders motiviert [zu sein]▪ it \strikes sb that... es scheint jdm, dass...it \strikes me that she's not very motivated es scheint mir, dass sie nicht besonders motiviert ist9. (impress)to \strike sb forcibly jdn sehr beeindruckento \strike sb's fancy jds Interesse erregen11. (achieve)▪ to \strike sth etw erreichenhow can we \strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection? wie können wir einen Mittelweg zwischen Wirtschaftswachstum und Umweltschutz finden?one of the tasks of a chairperson is to \strike a balance between the two sides es gehört zu den Aufgaben eines Vorsitzenden, beiden Seiten gerecht zu werden12. (manufacture)to \strike coins/a medal Münzen/eine Medaille prägen13. (discover)14. (play)to \strike a chord/note einen Akkord/Ton anschlagento \strike the right note den richtigen Ton treffen15. (adopt)to \strike more serious note eine ernstere Tonart [o einen ernsteren Ton] anschlagento \strike the right note den richtigen Ton treffento \strike a pose eine Pose einnehmenthey have chosen to \strike a pose of resistance ( fig) sie haben sich zu einer ablehnenden Haltung entschieden16. clockto \strike midnight/the hour Mitternacht/die [volle] Stunde schlagento \strike twelve zwölf schlagenthe clock struck twelve die Uhr schlug zwölf, es schlug zwölf Uhr17. (occur to)▪ to \strike sb jdm einfallenshe was suddenly struck by the thought that... plötzlich kam ihr der Gedanke, dass...has it ever struck you that...? ist dir je der Gedanke gekommen dass...?it's just struck me that... mir ist gerade eingefallen, dass...18. (remove)to \strike camp das Lager abbrechento \strike one's flag die Flaggen streichento \strike sb/a name off a list jdn/einen Namen von einer Liste streichento \strike sth from the record AM LAW etw aus den Aufzeichnungen streichento \strike sb off the register jdm die Zulassung entziehen19. (ignite)to \strike a match ein Streichholz anzündento \strike sparks Funken schlagen20. (render)to be struck dumb sprachlos sein21.▶ to \strike a chord with sb (memories) bei jdm Erinnerungen wecken; (agreement) bei jdm Anklang findento \strike a responsive chord with sb bei jdm auf großes Verständnis stoßen▶ to \strike a familiar note [with sb] [jdm] bekannt vorkommenIII. vilightning never \strikes in the same place ein Blitz schlägt nie zweimal an derselben Stelle ein▪ to \strike at sb/sth jdn/etw treffenthe missiles struck at troops based around the city die Raketen trafen Stellungen rund um die Stadtto \strike at the heart of sth etw vernichtend treffenwe need to \strike at the heart of this problem wir müssen dieses Problem an der Wurzel packento \strike home ins Schwarze treffen figthe message seems to have struck home die Botschaft ist offensichtlich angekommenthe snake \strikes quickly die Schlange beißt schnell zuthe police have warned the public that the killer could \strike again die Polizei hat die Bevölkerung gewarnt, dass der Mörder erneut zuschlagen könntesometimes terrorists \strike at civilians manchmal greifen Terroristen Zivilisten an4. clock schlagenmidnight has just struck es hat gerade Mitternacht geschlagen5. (find)▪ to \strike on/upon sth etw findenshe has just struck upon an idea ihr ist gerade eine Idee gekommen, sie hatte gerade eine Idee6.* * *[straɪk] vb: pret struck, ptp struck or ( old) stricken1. n1) Streik m, Ausstand mofficial/unofficial strike — offizieller/wilder Streik
to be on strike — streiken, im Ausstand sein
to be on official/unofficial strike — offiziell/wild streiken
to come out on strike, to go on strike — in den Streik or Ausstand treten
See:2) (= discovery of oil, gold etc) Fund ma lucky strike — ein Treffer m, ein Glücksfall m
to get a strike to have the strike (Cricket) — alle zehne werfen, abräumen (inf) schlagen
three strikes and you're out — wenn du den Ball dreimal verfehlst, bist du draußen
4) (FISHING)5) (MIL: attack) Angriff m6) (= act of striking) Schlag m2. vt1) (= hit) schlagen; door schlagen an or gegen (+acc); nail, table schlagen auf (+acc); metal, hot iron etc hämmern; (stone, blow, bullet etc) treffen; (snake) beißen; (pain) durchzucken, durchfahren; (misfortune, disaster) treffen; (disease) befallento strike one's fist on the table, to strike the table with one's fist — mit der Faust auf den Tisch schlagen
to strike sb/sth a blow — jdm/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen
to be struck by lightning —
he struck his forehead in surprise to strike 38 ( per minute) — er schlug sich (dat) überrascht an die Stirn 38 Ruderschläge (pro Minute) machen
2) (= collide with, meet person) stoßen gegen; (spade) stoßen auf (+acc); (car) fahren gegen; ground aufschlagen or auftreffen auf (+acc); (ship) auflaufen auf (+acc); (sound, light) ears, eyes treffen; (lightning) person treffen; tree einschlagen in (+acc), treffento strike one's head against sth — mit dem Kopf gegen etw stoßen, sich (dat) den Kopf an etw (acc) stoßen
that struck a familiar note — das kam mir/ihm etc bekannt vor
See:→ note5) (= occur to) in den Sinn kommen (+dat)to strike sb as cold/unlikely etc — jdm kalt/unwahrscheinlich etc vorkommen
the funny side of it struck me later — erst später ging mir auf, wie lustig das war
6) (= impress) beeindruckenhow does it strike you? — wie finden Sie das?, was halten Sie davon?
she struck me as being very competent — sie machte auf mich einen sehr fähigen Eindruck
See:→ also struck7) (= produce, make) coin, medal prägen; (fig) agreement, truce sich einigen auf (+acc), aushandeln; pose einnehmento strike a match —
to be struck blind/deaf/dumb — blind/taub/stumm werden, mit Blindheit/Taubheit/Stummheit geschlagen werden (geh)
to strike fear or terror into sb/sb's heart —
strike a light! (inf) — ach du grüne Neune! (inf), hast du da noch Töne! (inf)
8) (= find) gold, oil, correct path finden, stoßen auf (+acc)See:→ oil9) (= make) path hauen10) (= take down) camp, tent abbrechen; (NAUT) flag, sail einholen, streichen; mast kappen, umlegen; (THEAT) set abbauen11) (= remove) streichenstricken from a list/the record — von einer Liste/aus dem Protokoll gestrichen werden
3. vi1) (= hit) treffen; (lightning) einschlagen; (snake) zubeißen; (tiger) die Beute schlagen; (attack, MIL ETC) zuschlagen, angreifen; (disease) zuschlagen; (panic) ausbrechento strike at sb/sth (lit) — nach jdm/etw schlagen; ( fig : at democracy, existence ) an etw (dat) rütteln
to be/come within striking distance of sth — einer Sache (dat) nahe sein
to come within striking distance of doing sth — nahe daran sein, etw zu tun
they were within striking distance of success —
See:2) (clock) schlagen3) (workers) streiken4) (match) zünden, angehen5) (NAUT: run aground) auflaufen (on auf +acc)7)inspiration struck — er/sie etc hatte eine Eingebung
to strike on a new idea — eine neue Idee haben, auf eine neue Idee kommen
8) (= take root) Wurzeln schlagen9)(= go in a certain direction)
to strike across country — querfeldein gehen* * *strike [straık]A s1. Schlag m, Hieb m, Stoß m3. Schlag(werk) m(n) (einer Uhr)4. WIRTSCH Streik m, Ausstand m:be on strike streiken;go on strike in (den) Streik oder in den Ausstand treten;on strike streikend6. Angeln:a) Ruck m mit der Angelb) Anbeißen n (des Fisches)8. Bergbau:a) Streichen n (der Schichten)b) (Streich)Richtung f9. umg Treffer m, Glücksfall m:a lucky strike ein Glückstreffer10. MILB v/t prät struck [strʌk], pperf struck, stricken [ˈstrıkən]strike sb in the face jemanden ins Gesicht schlagen;strike together zusammen-, aneinanderschlagen;she was struck by a stone sie wurde von einem Stein getroffen;he was struck dead by lightning er wurde vom Blitz erschlagen;strike me dead! sl so wahr ich hier stehe!b) Funken schlagen7. stoßen oder schlagen gegen oder auf (akk), zusammenstoßen mit, SCHIFF auflaufen auf (akk), einschlagen in (akk) (Geschoss, Blitz)8. fallen auf (akk) (Licht), auftreffen auf (akk), das Auge oder Ohr treffen:a sound struck his ear ein Laut schlug an sein Ohr;strike sb’s eye jemandem ins Auge fallenan idea struck him ihm kam oder er hatte eine Idee10. jemandem auffallen:what struck me was … was mir auffiel oder worüber ich staunte, war …11. Eindruck machen auf (akk), jemanden beeindrucken:be struck by beeindruckt oder hingerissen sein von;be struck on a girl umg in ein Mädchen verknallt sein12. jemandem gut etc vorkommen:how does it strike you? was hältst du davon?;it struck her as ridiculous es kam ihr lächerlich vor15. THEAT Kulissen etc abbauen17. SCHIFFa) die Flagge, Segel streichen18. den Fisch mit einem Ruck (der Angel) auf den Haken spießenb) die Giftzähne schlagen in (akk) (Schlange)20. TECH glatt streichen21. a) MATH den Durchschnitt, das Mittel nehmenb) WIRTSCH die Bilanz, den Saldo ziehen22. streichen ( off von einer Liste etc): → Medical Register, roll A 2, strike off 2, strike through23. eine Münze, Medaille schlagen, prägen28. ein Tempo, eine Gangart anschlagen29. eine Haltung oder Pose an-, einnehmen31. strike worka) WIRTSCH die Arbeit niederlegen,b) Feierabend machenC v/ib) fig zuschlagen:2. schlagen, treffen:3. fig zuschlagen, angreifen4. zubeißen (Schlange)5. (on)a) schlagen, stoßen (an akk, gegen)9. sich entzünden (Streichholz)11. einschlagen, treffen (Blitz, Geschoss)12. BOT Wurzeln schlagen13. den Weg einschlagen, sich (plötzlich) wenden ( beide:strike for home umg heimgehen;a) einbiegen in (akk), einen Weg einschlagen,b) fig plötzlich verfallen in (akk), etwas beginnen;strike into a gallop in Galopp verfallen;strike into a subject sich einem Thema zuwenden15. SCHIFF die Flagge streichen (to vor dat) (auch fig)17. Angeln:a) anbeißen (Fisch)b) den Fisch mit einem Ruck (der Angel) auf den Haken spießen* * *1. nounbe on/go [out] or come out on strike — in den Streik getreten sein/in den Streik treten
make a strike — sein Glück machen; (Mining) fündig werden
[lucky] strike — Glückstreffer, der
4) (act of hitting) Schlag, der5) (Mil.) Angriff, der (at auf + Akk.)2. transitive verb,1) (hit) schlagen; [Schlag, Geschoss:] treffen [Ziel]; [Blitz:] [ein]schlagen in (+ Akk.), treffen; (afflict) treffen; [Epidemie, Seuche, Katastrophe usw.:] heimsuchenstrike one's head on or against the wall — mit dem Kopf gegen die Wand schlagen
2) (delete) streichen (from, off aus)3) (deliver)who struck [the] first blow? — wer hat zuerst geschlagen?
strike a blow against somebody/against or to something — (fig.) jemandem/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen
strike a blow for something — (fig.) eine Lanze für etwas brechen
4) (produce by hitting flint) schlagen [Funken]; (ignite) anzünden [Streichholz]5) (chime) schlagen6) (Mus.) anschlagen [Töne auf dem Klavier]; anzupfen, anreißen [Töne auf der Gitarre]; (fig.) anschlagen [Ton]7) (impress) beeindruckenstrike somebody as [being] silly — jemandem dumm zu sein scheinen od. dumm erscheinen
it strikes somebody that... — es scheint jemandem, dass...
8) (occur to) einfallen (+ Dat.)be struck blind/dumb — erblinden/verstummen
10) (attack) überfallen; (Mil.) angreifen11) (encounter) begegnen (+ Dat.)12) (Mining) stoßen auf (+ Akk.)strike gold — auf Gold stoßen; (fig.) einen Glückstreffer landen (ugs.) (in mit)
13) (reach) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Hauptstraße, Weg, Fluss]14) (adopt) einnehmen [[Geistes]haltung]15) (take down) einholen [Segel, Flagge]; abbrechen [Zelt, Lager]3. intransitive verb,1) (deliver a blow) zuschlagen; [Pfeil:] treffen; [Blitz:] einschlagen; [Unheil, Katastrophe, Krise, Leid:] hereinbrechen (geh.); (collide) zusammenstoßen; (hit) schlagen ( against gegen, [up]on auf + Akk.)2) (ignite) zünden3) (chime) schlagen4) (Industry) streiken5) (attack; also Mil.) zuschlagen (fig.)6) (make a find) (Mining) fündig werdenstrike south — etc. sich nach Süden usw. wenden
Phrasal Verbs:* * *n.Stoß ¨-e m.Streik -s m.Treffer - m. v.(§ p.,p.p.: struck)or p.p.: stricken•) = anzünden v.auffallen v.drücken v.schlagen v.(§ p.,pp.: schlug, geschlagen)stoßen v.(§ p.,pp.: stieß, gestossen)streiken v.treffen v.(§ p.,pp.: traf, getroffen) -
57 captain
1. nouncaptain of a ship — Schiffskapitän, der
2. transitive verbcaptain of industry — (fig.) Industriekapitän, der (ugs.)
befehligen [Soldaten, Armee]* * *['kæptən] 1. noun1) (the commander of a ship, an aircraft, or a group of soldiers.) der Kapitän2) ((abbreviated to Capt., when written in titles) the leader of a team or club.) der Mannschaftskapitän, Führer2. verb- academic.ru/10752/captaincy">captaincy* * *cap·tain[ˈkæptɪn, AM -tən]I. n4. ECONII. vtto \captain a team Mannschaftskapitän/Mannschaftskapitänin sein* * *['kptɪn] (abbr Capt)1. n (MIL)Hauptmann m; (NAUT, AVIAT, SPORT) Kapitän m; (US, in restaurant) Oberkellner myes, captain! — jawohl, Herr Hauptmann/Kapitän!
2. vt (SPORT)team anführen; (NAUT) ship befehligenhe captained the team for years — er war jahrelang Kapitän der Mannschaft
* * *captain [ˈkæptın]A s1. (An)Führer m, Oberhaupt n:captain of industry Industriekapitän m2. MILa) Hauptmann mb) HIST Rittmeister m (der Kavallerie)3. SCHIFFa) Kapitän m, Kommandant mc) Unteroffizier m mit besonderen Aufgaben:captain of the gun Geschützführer m6. FLUG (Flug)Kapitän m7. US Polizeihauptmann m8. USa) Oberkellner m* * *1. nouncaptain of a ship — Schiffskapitän, der
2. transitive verbcaptain of industry — (fig.) Industriekapitän, der (ugs.)
befehligen [Soldaten, Armee]* * *(army) n.Hauptmann m. n.Kapitän -e m.Mannschaftsführer m.Mannschaftskapitän m. -
58 zone
1. n1) зона, пояс2) полоса, область, район•- 12-mile maritime zone
- 200-mile exclusion zone
- adjacent zone
- administrative zone
- air exclusion zone
- arid zone
- atom-free zone
- buffer zone
- calamity zone
- chemical-weapons-free zone
- closed currency zone
- closed military zone
- coastal zone
- combat zone
- completely demilitarized zone
- confidence zone
- control zone
- creation of zones
- critical zone
- customs zone
- customs-free zone
- danger zone
- dead zone
- demilitarized border zone
- demilitarized zone
- denuclearized zone
- depletion zone
- development zone
- disaster zone
- disengagement zone
- dollar zone
- duty-free zone
- economic zone
- establishment of zones
- exclusion zone
- fishing exclusion zone
- fishing zone
- free zone
- free-trade zone
- frontier zone
- hot zone
- independent economic zone
- industrial development zone
- international zone
- land exclusion zone
- maritime zone
- military zone
- monetary zone
- neutral zone
- neutrality zone
- NFZ
- no-fly zone
- no-go zone
- nonnuclear zone
- nuclear test zone
- nuclear-and-chemical-weapon-free zone
- nuclear-free zone
- nuclear-weapon-free zone
- NWFZ
- occupation zone
- offshore zone
- passport-free zone
- peace zone
- prohibited zone
- safe zone
- safety zone
- secret military zone
- security zone
- seismic zone
- self-declared security zone
- self-proclaimed security zone
- special development zone
- special economic zone
- special security zone
- standstill zone
- strategic zone
- tank-free zone
- tariff zone
- time zone
- twilight zone
- UN-controlled zone
- unpopulated zone
- vast zone
- war exclusion zone
- war zone
- weapons exclusion zone
- zone free from foreign military presence
- zone of cooperation
- zone of free trade
- zone of military operations
- zone of preference 2. v1) опоясывать, прилегать2) устанавливать зоны; разделять на зоны• -
59 MSP
1) Общая лексика: Member of the Scottish Parliament2) Компьютерная техника: Mash Streaming Protocol3) Военный термин: Medical Supply Point, Military Security And Police, Military Spouse Preference, Multi Side Ports, main support plan, maintenance support plan, map supply point, maritime shore patrol, master simulator program, material support plan, military security program, military space program, military support program, minimum sustaining power, missile setting panel, missile support plan, mission support plan, mutual security program, mutual support program, Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry (FSU)4) Техника: matrix signal processor5) Сельское хозяйство: moisture saturation percentage6) Шутливое выражение: Mud Sound Protocol7) Математика: план многоступенчатого выборочного контроля (multiple sampling plan)8) Юридический термин: Michigan State Police9) Металлургия: ЭСПЦ, электросталеплавильный цех10) Музыка: Music Service Provider11) Телекоммуникации: Marketing and Sales Productivity12) Сокращение: Mail Services Provider (Postal Customer Council website, 2006), Managed Service Point (tracking barcode scanning points for letter carriers, 2005), Medium Stressed Platform, Mosaic Sensor Program, Mutual Security Programme, metal splash pan, Maintenance Service Plan, Maintenance Support Package, Maximum Surface Pressure, Message Sent Protocol13) Физиология: Maximum Spawning Potential14) Электроника: Microsoft Paint image format15) Вычислительная техника: Management Service Provider, Media Signal Processor, Microsoft Certified Professional, Multitasking System Program (OS, Hemenway), Message Send Protocol (RFC 1159), Media Signal Processor (Samsung, MMX, ARM)16) Нефть: комплект для обеспечения технического обслуживания (запасных частей, инструментов и материалов), максимальное давление на устье (maximum surface pressure), план работ по техническому обслуживанию (maintenance service plan)17) Связь: Multiservice Platform (Alcatel 7470 MSP)18) Транспорт: Marine Security Program, Minneapolis - St Paul International Airport19) Фирменный знак: Mls Service Provider20) Деловая лексика: Metropolitan Single Professionals21) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: hydril brand annular preventer, НКМ-несущая конструкция модуля, несущая конструкция модуля (НКМ)22) Сетевые технологии: Message Security Protocol, защищённый протокол обмена сообщениями, поставщик удаленно управляемых услуг (Managed Services Provider —MSP)23) Программирование: Mistake Sign for Parity24) Автоматика: material separation process25) Золотодобыча: beneficiation plant, pellet plant, обогатительная фабрика, mineral separation plant26) Расширение файла: Microsoft Paint format - Bitmap graphics, Microsoft Patch, Graphic format (Microsoft Paint)27) Электричество: МГС (Multisided Steel Pole - многогранная гнутая стойка)28) NYSE. Morgan Stanley Finance, P. L. C.29) Аэропорты: Minneapolis/ St. Paul International Airport, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA30) Программное обеспечение: программа управления проектами Microsoft Project (\<компонент системы Microsoft Office\>), MS Project, Microsoft Project -
60 World War II
(1939-1945)In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
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