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frost+to+death

  • 21 morire

    die
    fig morire di paura be scared to death
    * * *
    morire v. intr.
    1 to die: morì a cinquant'anni, he died at fifty; morì di polmonite, he died of pneumonia; morire per soffocamento, to suffocate; morire annegato, to drown; morire da codardo, to die a coward's death; morire di crepacuore, to die of a broken heart; morire di fame, to starve to death (anche fig.): far morire di fame qlcu., to starve s.o.; morire di freddo, to freeze to death, (fig.) to be freezing; morire di inedia, to die of hunger, to starve (anche fig.); morire di una malattia, to die of an illness; morire di morte naturale, to die a natural death; morire di morte violenta, to die a violent death; morire di vecchiaia, to die of old age; lasciarsi morire, to let oneself die; morire pazzo, to die mad; morire per la patria, to die for one's country; morire prematuramente, to die before one's time; morire ricco, to die rich (o a rich man); morire santamente, to die a holy death // freddo da morire, bitterly (o freezing) cold; stanco da morire, dead (o dog) tired; fa un male da morire, it hurts really badly; una donna bella da morire, an incredibly beautiful woman; essere annoiato da morire, to be bored to death // che io possa morire se..., may I die (o strike me down) if... // chi non muore si rivede!, long time no see // credevo di morire, I thought I'd die // lasciarono morire il discorso, they let the conversation drop (o die away) // lo farò a costo di morire, I'll do it even if it kills me // meglio di così si muore!, you can't have better than that! // mi sentivo morire, I could have died; mi sento morire al pensiero di dover cominciare tutto da capo, the thought of having to begin all over again just makes me want to give up // lasciatemi andare a letto, sto morendo dal sonno, let me go to bed, I'm dead tired // morivano come le mosche, they died like flies // muor giovane chi al cielo è caro, those whom the gods love die young // non morrà nella nostra memoria, he will live for ever in our memories // non si sa di che morte si deve morire, no one knows what the future holds in store // la parola gli morì sulle labbra, the word froze on his lips // piuttosto morire!, over my dead body!; piuttosto morire che..., I had rather die than... // morire dalla curiosità, to be dying with curiosity // morire dalla voglia di qlco., di fare qlco., to be dying for sthg., to do sthg. // morire dallo spavento, to die of fright: mi hai fatto morire dallo spavento, you frightened me to death // morire dal ridere, to die laughing // morire di noia, to be bored to death // morire in piedi, to die with one's boots on // morire solo come un cane, to die alone, abandoned by everybody // far morire, to kill: il gelo fa morire le piante da frutto, the frost kills fruit trees; far morire una pianta, to kill a plant (off); mi farai morire!, (fig.) you'll be the death of me!; quella ragazza è uno schianto, mi fa morire!, that girl is a real knockout, I'm crazy about her // una persona dura a morire, an incredibly obstinate person; il suo risentimento è duro a morire, he's got an incredible grudge // va a morire ammazzato, (sl.) go and drop dead // altro è parlare di morte, altro è morire, (prov.) it is one thing to talk of dying, but it is another thing to die // chi muore giace, chi vive si dà pace, (prov.) let the dead bury the dead
    2 (di luce, colore) to fade; (di suono) to die away: la sua voce andava morendo, his voice was dying away
    3 (spegnersi) to go* out, to die out
    4 (tramontare) to set*; (poet.) to draw* to a close: moriva il giorno, (poet.) the day was drawing to a close
    5 (venir meno) to die, to disappear: le sue speranze morirono, his hopes died away
    6 (estinguersi) to die out: questa usanza va ormai morendo, va ormai a morire, this custom is now beginning to die out
    7 (terminare) to end: questo treno muore a Roma, this train ends at Rome
    ◆ v.tr. to die: morire una morte gloriosa, to die a glorious death.
    * * *
    [mo'rire]
    verbo intransitivo (aus. essere)

    morire di morte naturale, violenta — to die a natural, violent death

    morire di cancro, per una crisi cardiaca — to die of cancer, of a heart attack

    morire dissanguato, soffocato — to bleed, choke to death

    morire avvelenato — to die of poisoning, to be poisoned

    morire sul nascere — fig. [ progetto] to die o wither on the vine

    morire di fame — to starve to death, to die of starvation; fig. to be starving

    morire di freddo o assiderato to freeze to death; sto morendo di freddo fig. I'm freezing; muoio di sete fig. I'm dying of thirst; sto morendo dal o di sonno fig. I'm asleep on my feet; morire di curiosità fig. to be dying o burning with curiosity; morire di paura, di noia fig. to be frightened, bored to death; morire dal ridere fig. to kill oneself o die laughing; morire di vergogna fig. to die a thousand deaths; morire dalla voglia di qcs., di fare qcs. to be dying o pining for sth., to do sth.; meglio morire o preferirei morire piuttosto che I'd sooner o rather die than; preferirei morire! I'd die first! muore per lui she's pining for him; mi fa morire con le sue battute — fig. his jokes just kill me

    2) (scomparire) [civiltà, usanza, sentimento] to die* (out)
    3) lett. (spegnersi) [fiamma, suono] to die* (away), to fade (out)

    è bella da morire — she's ravishing o incredibly beautiful

    mi piace da morire — I like it a lot, I'm mad about it

    ••

    essere duro a morire — [ persona] to die hard

    morire dietro a qcn. — colloq. to be dying for sb.

    meglio, peggio di così si muore — it can't be any better, worse than that

    chi non muore si rivede! — prov. long time no see!

    * * *
    morire
    /mo'rire/ [103]
    (aus. essere)
     1 (cessare di vivere) to die; morire di morte naturale, violenta to die a natural, violent death; morire di cancro, per una crisi cardiaca to die of cancer, of a heart attack; morire annegato to drown; morire dissanguato, soffocato to bleed, choke to death; morire da eroe to die a hero('s death); morire ammazzato to be murdered; morire avvelenato to die of poisoning, to be poisoned; morire strangolato to be strangled to death; morire giovane to die young; gli è morta la nonna he has lost his grandmother; morire sul nascere fig. [ progetto] to die o wither on the vine; morire di fame to starve to death, to die of starvation; fig. to be starving; morire di freddo o assiderato to freeze to death; sto morendo di freddo fig. I'm freezing; muoio di sete fig. I'm dying of thirst; sto morendo dal o di sonno fig. I'm asleep on my feet; morire di curiosità fig. to be dying o burning with curiosity; morire di paura, di noia fig. to be frightened, bored to death; morire dal ridere fig. to kill oneself o die laughing; morire di vergogna fig. to die a thousand deaths; morire dalla voglia di qcs., di fare qcs. to be dying o pining for sth., to do sth.; meglio morire o preferirei morire piuttosto che I'd sooner o rather die than; preferirei morire! I'd die first! muore per lui she's pining for him; mi fa morire con le sue battute fig. his jokes just kill me
     2 (scomparire) [civiltà, usanza, sentimento] to die* (out)
     3 lett. (spegnersi) [fiamma, suono] to die* (away), to fade (out); il giorno sta morendo the day is drawing to its close; il sorriso gli morì sulle labbra the smile disappeared from his lips
     4 da morire triste da morire terribly sad; stanco da morire dead tired; arrabbiato da morire absolutely furious; è bella da morire she's ravishing o incredibly beautiful; mi vergogno da morire I'm terribly ashamed; fa caldo da morire it's boiling hot; fa freddo da morire it's freezing cold; fa male da morire it hurts like hell; mi piace da morire I like it a lot, I'm mad about it; ti voglio bene da morire I love you so much; era da morire dal ridere! it was hilarious! i piedi mi fanno male da morire my feet are killing me
    essere duro a morire [ persona] to die hard; morire dietro a qcn. colloq. to be dying for sb.; meglio, peggio di così si muore it can't be any better, worse than that; chi non muore si rivede! prov. long time no see!

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > morire

  • 22 kill

    1. transitive verb
    1) töten; (deliberately) umbringen; [Rauchen usw.:] tödliche Folgen haben für

    be killed in action — im Kampf fallen

    it won't kill you — (iron.) es wird dich [schon] nicht od. nicht gleich umbringen

    kill oneself laughing — (fig.) sich totlachen

    2) (coll.): (cause severe pain to)

    my feet are killing me — meine Füße tun wahnsinnig weh (ugs.)

    3) abtöten [Krankheitserreger, Schmerz, Ungeziefer, Hefe]; absterben lassen [Bäume, Pflanzen]; totschlagen [Geschmack]; verderben [Witz]; [ab]töten [Gefühl]; zerstören [Glauben]
    4)

    kill time — sich (Dat.) die Zeit vertreiben; die Zeit totschlagen (abwertend)

    5) (obtain meat from) schlachten [Tier]
    6) (overwhelm) überwältigen
    2. noun
    (killing of game) Abschuss, der; (prey) Beute, die

    move in for the kill — [Raubtier:] die Beute anschleichen, zum Sprung auf die Beute ansetzen; (fig.) zum entscheidenden Schlag ausholen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/88532/kill_off">kill off
    * * *
    [kil] 1. verb
    (to cause the death of: He killed the rats with poison; The outbreak of typhoid killed many people; The flat tyre killed our hopes of getting home before midnight.) töten
    2. noun
    (an act of killing: The hunter was determined to make a kill before returning to the camp.) Wild erlegen
    - killer
    - kill off
    - kill time
    * * *
    [kɪl]
    I. n no pl
    1. (act) of animal
    to be on the \kill auf der Jagd sein
    to fly down for the \kill bird herabstoßen, um die Beute zu schlagen
    a fresh \kill eine frisch geschlagene Beute
    to make a \kill eine Beute schlagen
    2. HUNT (prey) [Jagd]beute f, Strecke f fachspr
    a fresh \kill ein frisch erlegte Beute
    3. MIL ( fam) Zerstörung f; of plane also Abschuss m; of ship also Versenken nt
    4.
    ▶ to go [or move] [or close] in for the \kill zum Todesstoß ansetzen, zum entscheidenden Schlag ausholen
    ▶ to be in at the \kill bei der Endabrechnung dabei sein
    II. vi
    1. (end life) criminal töten; disease tödlich sein
    2. ( fig fam: hurt) unheimlich schmerzen [o weh tun] fam
    3.
    ▶ to be dressed to \kill todschick angezogen sein fam
    III. vt
    ▪ to \kill sb/oneself jdn/sich akk töten [o a. fig umbringen]
    my dad'll \kill me if he finds out! ( fig fam) wenn mein Vater das rauskriegt, bringt er mich um!
    to \kill sb by drowning/strangling jdn ertränken/erwürgen
    to \kill sb with poison/a gun/a knife jdn vergiften/erschießen/erstechen
    to \kill a fly eine Fliege totschlagen [o einer Fliege dat den Garaus machen] hum fam
    ▪ to be \killed getötet werden; (murdered also) umgebracht werden; (accidentally also) umkommen, ums Leben kommen
    to be \killed in an accident tödlich verunglücken, bei einem Unfall ums Leben kommen
    to be \killed in action MIL [im Kampf] fallen
    2. (destroy)
    ▪ to \kill sth etw zerstören
    the frost \killed my vegetable garden der Frost hat das Gemüse in meinem Garten vernichtet
    to \kill sb's chances of sth jds Aussichten auf etw akk zunichtemachen
    to \kill sb's dreams/hopes jds Träume/Hoffnungen zerstören
    to \kill the environment die Umwelt zerstören
    to \kill a file ADMIN ( fam) eine Akte vernichten; COMPUT ( fam) eine Datei löschen
    to \kill a friendship/marriage eine Freundschaft/Ehe zerstören [o zerrütten]
    to \kill the smell/sound/taste of sth einer S. gen den Geruch/Klang/Geschmack [völlig] nehmen
    3. (spoil)
    ▪ to \kill sth fun, joke etw [gründlich] verderben
    ▪ to \kill sth for sb jdm den Spaß an etw dat [völlig] verderben [o fam vermiesen]
    to \kill a surprise eine Überraschung kaputtmachen fam
    4. (stop)
    to \kill a bill eine Gesetzesvorlage zu Fall bringen [o fam abschmettern]
    to \kill a column/line/scene (not print) eine Kolumne/Zeile/Szene herausnehmen
    to \kill the engine/lights/TV ( fam) den Motor/das Licht/den Fernseher ausmachen [o ausschalten] fam
    to \kill pain Schmerzen stillen
    to \kill a plan/project einen Plan/ein Projekt fallenlassen
    to \kill a program COMPUT ein Programm abbrechen
    5. ( fam: consume)
    ▪ to \kill sth etw vernichten; food etw aufessen [o fam verdrücken] [o fam verputzen]; drink etw austrinken [o leer machen]
    to \kill a bottle of whiskey eine Flasche Whiskey köpfen
    6. ( fam: amuse)
    ▪ to \kill sb:
    that story \kills me diese Geschichte find ich zum Totlachen fam
    to \kill oneself with laughter sich akk totlachen fam
    7. ( fig fam: hurt)
    ▪ to \kill sb jdn umbringen fig
    my shoes/these stairs are \killing me! meine Schuhe/diese Treppen bringen mich noch mal um! fam
    it wouldn't \kill you to apologize du könntest dich ruhig mal entschuldigen
    to \kill sb with kindness jdn mit seiner Güte fast umbringen [o erdrücken
    8. ( fam: tire) jdn völlig erschlagen [o fertigmachen] fam
    to \kill oneself doing sth sich akk mit etw dat umbringen, sich dat mit etw dat ein Bein ausreißen fam
    they're not exactly \killing themselves getting it finished in time sie reißen sich dabei nicht gerade ein Bein raus, rechtzeitig fertig zu werden
    ... if it \kills sb ( fam)
    I'm going to finish it if it \kills me! ich werde's zu Ende bringen, und wenn ich draufgehe!
    10. SPORT
    to \kill the ball (slam) einen Wahnsinnsball spielen fam, einen Wahnsinnsschuss loslassen fam; (stop) den Ball stoppen
    11.
    ▶ to \kill the fatted calf ein üppiges Willkommensessen geben
    ▶ to \kill the goose that lays the golden egg das Huhn schlachten, das goldene Eier legt fam
    ▶ to \kill time (spend time) sich dat die Zeit vertreiben; (waste time) die Zeit totschlagen
    ▶ to \kill two birds with one stone ( prov) zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe schlagen prov
    * * *
    [kɪl]
    1. vt
    1) (lit) töten, umbringen; (by beating) totschlagen, erschlagen; (by shooting) erschießen, totschießen; (by stabbing) erstechen, erdolchen; animals töten; (HUNT) erlegen; (= slaughter) schlachten; (shock) umbringen; pain beseitigen; weeds vernichten

    to be killed in battle/in the war — im Kampf/Krieg fallen

    too many people are killed on the roads —

    she killed herself — sie brachte sich um, sie nahm sich (dat) das Leben

    he was killed with this weapon — dies ist die Mord- or Tatwaffe

    please, don't kill me — bitte, lassen Sie mich leben

    she was killed with a knife —

    he was killed by a stray bullet —

    each man kills the thing he loves — jeder zerstört das, was er liebt

    I'll kill him! (also fig) — den bring ich um (inf)

    the bullet killed him — die Kugel traf ihn tödlich, die Kugel tötete ihn

    2) (fig) feelings, love etc töten, zerstören

    this one'll kill you (inf) — da lachst du dich tot (inf)

    I'll do it ( even) if it kills me (inf) — ich mache es, und wenn es mich umbringt

    they're not exactly killing themselves ( inf : = overworking ) — sie bringen sich nicht gerade um (inf), sie reißen sich (dat) kein Bein aus

    3) (= spoil the effect of) taste, performance verderben, überdecken; hopes vernichten, zunichtemachen

    this red kills the other colours — dieses Rot übertönt or erschlägt die anderen Farben

    4) (= defeat) parliamentary bill, proposal zu Fall bringen; project zum Scheitern bringen
    5) sound schlucken
    6) (PRESS ETC) paragraph, story streichen, abwürgen (inf)
    7) (TECH) engine etc abschalten, ausschalten; (ELEC) circuit unterbrechen
    8) (inf) bottle leer machen, auf den Kopf stellen (inf)
    2. vi
    töten
    3. n
    1) (HUNT) Erlegen nt, Abschuss m; (at bullfight) Todesstoß m

    the wolves gathered round for the kill —

    to be in at the kill (lit) — beim Abschuss dabei sein; (fig) den Schlussakt miterleben

    to move or close in for the kill (lit) — sich an die Beute anschleichen; (fig) zum entscheidenden Schlag ausholen

    2) (HUNT ETC: animals killed) Beute f no pl
    * * *
    kill [kıl]
    A v/t
    1. töten, (o.s. sich) umbringen, ermorden, (kaltblütig etc auch) killen:
    his reckless driving will kill him one day er wird sich noch einmal umbringen mit seinem rücksichtslosen Fahren;
    he will kill me if … der bringt mich um, wenn …;
    a) abschlachten,
    b) ausrotten, vertilgen;
    kill two birds with one stone zwei Fliegen mit einer Klappe schlagen;
    be killed ums Leben kommen, umkommen; → accident 3, action 13
    2. Tiere schlachten: → fat C
    3. JAGD erlegen, schießen
    4. MIL
    a) abschießen
    b) zerstören, vernichten
    c) versenken
    5. (fast) umbringen:
    the job is (my feet are) killing me die Arbeit bringt (meine Füße bringen) mich (noch) um;
    the sight nearly killed me der Anblick war zum Totlachen;
    kill sb with kindness jemanden vor Freundlichkeit fast umbringen;
    he nearly killed himself er hat sich einen abgebrochen umg
    6. auch kill off Knospen, Rost etc vernichten:
    7. Gefühle (ab)töten, ersticken
    8. Schmerzen stillen
    9. unwirksam machen, Farben etc auch neutralisieren, eine Wirkung etc auch entschärfen, aufheben
    a) (ver)schlucken
    b) übertönen
    11. eine Gesetzesvorlage etc zu Fall bringen, eine Eingabe etc unterdrücken, einen Plan etc durchkreuzen, zunichtemachen, eine Unterhaltung etc zum Erliegen bringen
    12. a) Tennis etc: einen Ball töten
    b) Fußball: einen Ball stoppen
    13. eine Textpassage etc streichen
    14. kill time die Zeit totschlagen ( by playing cards mit Kartenspielen)
    15. a) eine Maschine etc abstellen, abschalten, den Motor auch abwürgen
    b) Lichter ausschalten
    c) ELEK abschalten, eine Leitung spannungslos machen
    16. umg
    a) eine Flasche etc austrinken, vernichten umg
    b) eine Zigarette ausdrücken
    B v/i
    1. töten:
    a) tödlich sein
    b) morden: → look A 1
    2. umg unwiderstehlich oder hinreißend sein, einen tollen Eindruck machen, einen umschmeißen:
    dressed to kill todschick gekleidet, pej aufgedonnert, aufgetakelt
    C s
    1. a) JAGD Tötung f (eines Wildes), Abschuss m:
    be in at ( oder on) the kill fig am Schluss (mit) dabei sein, den Schlussakt miterleben
    b) JAGD Jagdbeute f, Strecke f
    c) Beute f (eines Raubtieres)
    2. MIL
    a) Abschuss m
    b) Zerstörung f, Vernichtung f
    c) Versenkung f
    * * *
    1. transitive verb
    1) töten; (deliberately) umbringen; [Rauchen usw.:] tödliche Folgen haben für

    it won't kill you — (iron.) es wird dich [schon] nicht od. nicht gleich umbringen

    kill oneself laughing — (fig.) sich totlachen

    2) (coll.): (cause severe pain to)
    3) abtöten [Krankheitserreger, Schmerz, Ungeziefer, Hefe]; absterben lassen [Bäume, Pflanzen]; totschlagen [Geschmack]; verderben [Witz]; [ab]töten [Gefühl]; zerstören [Glauben]
    4)

    kill time — sich (Dat.) die Zeit vertreiben; die Zeit totschlagen (abwertend)

    5) (obtain meat from) schlachten [Tier]
    6) (overwhelm) überwältigen
    2. noun
    (killing of game) Abschuss, der; (prey) Beute, die

    move in for the kill — [Raubtier:] die Beute anschleichen, zum Sprung auf die Beute ansetzen; (fig.) zum entscheidenden Schlag ausholen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    v.
    löschen v.
    töten v.
    umbringen v.
    vernichten v.
    zerstören v.

    English-german dictionary > kill

  • 23 verfrieren

    v/i (unreg.) Dial. (Mensch, Tier) freeze to death; (Pflanze) be killed by frost; (erstarren) freeze
    * * *
    ver|frie|ren ptp verfroren [fɛɐ'froːrən]
    vi irreg aux sein (dial)
    See:
    * * *
    verfrieren v/i (irr) dial (Mensch, Tier) freeze to death; (Pflanze) be killed by frost; (erstarren) freeze
    * * *
    v.
    to be chilled through expr.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > verfrieren

  • 24 премръзвам

    freeze (right through), be/get frozen
    (за растения) be nipped by the frost
    премръзвам до смърт freeze to death
    * * *
    премръ̀звам,
    гл. freeze (right through), be/get frozen; (за растения) be nipped by the frost; \премръзвам до смърт freeze to death.
    * * *
    freeze; get frozen

    Български-английски речник > премръзвам

  • 25 helado

    adj.
    frozen, chilly, cold, frost-bitten.
    m.
    ice cream.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: helar.
    * * *
    1 ice-cream
    ————————
    1→ link=helar helar
    1 (gen) frozen
    2 (muy frío) icy, freezing cold
    3 (café, té) iced
    4 figurado (pasmado) dumbfounded
    1 ice-cream
    \
    dejar a alguien helado,-a to stun somebody
    quedarse helado,-a familiar to be flabbergasted, be stunned
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. (f. - helada)
    adj.
    freezing, icy
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=congelado) [lago, río] frozen; [carretera] icy
    2) (=muy frío) [bebida, comida] ice-cold; [mirada] frosty, icy

    ¡estoy helado! — I'm frozen!, I'm freezing!

    ¡tengo las manos heladas! — my hands are frozen o freezing o like ice!

    3) (=pasmado)

    ¡me deja usted helado! — you amaze me!

    ¡me quedé helado! — [de sorpresa] I couldn't believe it!; [de miedo] I was scared stiff!

    4) Caribe (Culin) iced, frosted
    2.

    helado de agua — Cono Sur sorbet; [con palo] ice lolly (Brit), Popsicle ® (EEUU)

    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1)
    a) <persona/manos> freezing (colloq), frozen (colloq); <casa/habitación> freezing (colloq)

    dejar a alguien helado: nos dejó helados con la noticia we were stunned when she told us the news; quedarse helado — ( de asombro) to be stunned

    b) < comida> stone-cold; <líquido/bebida> ( muy frío) freezing; ( que se ha enfriado) stone-cold

    servir el vino bien helado — (AmL) serve the wine well chilled

    2) <agua/estanque> frozen
    II
    masculino ice cream
    * * *
    I
    - da adjetivo
    1)
    a) <persona/manos> freezing (colloq), frozen (colloq); <casa/habitación> freezing (colloq)

    dejar a alguien helado: nos dejó helados con la noticia we were stunned when she told us the news; quedarse helado — ( de asombro) to be stunned

    b) < comida> stone-cold; <líquido/bebida> ( muy frío) freezing; ( que se ha enfriado) stone-cold

    servir el vino bien helado — (AmL) serve the wine well chilled

    2) <agua/estanque> frozen
    II
    masculino ice cream
    * * *
    helado1

    Ex: This article reports on the modification and use of a supermarket ice cream freezer to exterminate insects.

    * copa de helado = ice cream sundae, sundae.
    * helado de fresa = strawberry ice cream.
    * helado de vainilla = vanilla ice cream.
    * sorbete de helado = ice cream soda.
    * vendedor de helados = ice cream man.

    helado2
    2 = icy [icier -comp., iciest -sup.], frigid, iced, frosty [frostier -comp., frostiest -sup.].

    Ex: In general, studless tires did best on snow, while those with studs were best on icy roads.

    Ex: In such frigid conditions, spectators, coaches and even players were wearing neck warmers.
    Ex: Sand is used in some other states on snow and iced roads -- not quite as effective but it doesn't eat your vehicle with rust either.
    Ex: This picture was taken a little over a month ago on a cold, foggy, and frosty morning.
    * agua helada = ice water.
    * estar helado = be frozen stiff.
    * helado hasta la médula de los huesos = frozen to the bone, frozen to the marrow (of the bones), chilled to the bone, chilled to the marrow (of the bones).
    * lluvia helada = freezing rain.
    * mezcla de lluvia helada y aguanieve = wint(e)ry mix, wint(e)ry shower.
    * niebla helada = freezing fog.
    * quedarse helado = be frozen stiff.
    * té helado = iced tea.

    * * *
    helado1 -da
    A
    1 ‹persona› freezing ( colloq), frozen ( colloq); ‹casa/habitación› freezing
    tengo los pies helados my feet are frozen o freezing
    dejar a algn helado: nos dejó helados con la noticia we were stunned o ( BrE) staggered when she told us the news
    quedarse helado (de frío) to freeze; (de asombro) to be stunned, be staggered ( BrE)
    2 ‹comida› stone-cold ‹líquido/bebida› (muy frío) freezing; (que se ha enfriado) stone-cold
    el agua está helada the water's freezing
    este té está helado this tea is stone-cold
    servir el vino bien helado ( AmS); serve the wine well chilled
    B ‹agua/estanque› frozen
    ice cream
    Compuestos:
    wafer
    (CS) water ice, sherbet ( AmE); (con palo) Popsicle® ( AmE), ice lolly ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo helar: ( conjugate helar)

    helado es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    helado    
    helar
    helado 1
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    1
    a) ‹persona/manos› freezing (colloq), frozen (colloq);

    ‹casa/habitación› freezing (colloq);

    b) ‹ comida› stone-cold;

    ‹líquido/bebida› ( muy frío) freezing;
    ( que se ha enfriado) stone-cold;

    2 ‹agua/estanque› frozen
    helado 2 sustantivo masculino
    ice cream;
    ◊ helado de agua (Andes) water ice, sherbet (AmE);


    ( con palo) Popsicle® (AmE), ice lolly (BrE)
    helar ( conjugate helar) verbo transitivo/intransitivo
    to freeze
    helado v impers:

    helarse verbo pronominal
    1 [río/charco] to freeze (over);
    [agua/plantas/cosecha] to freeze
    2 (fam)

    b) [comida/café] to get o go cold

    helado,-a
    I sustantivo masculino ice cream
    II adjetivo
    1 (muy frío) frozen, freezing cold: estábamos helados (de frío), we were frozen
    2 fig (atónito) stunned, flabbergasted: la noticia me dejó helado, I was flabbergasted by the news
    me quedé helado, I was stunned
    helar
    I vtr (congelar) to freeze
    II verbo impersonal to freeze: anoche heló, there was a frost last night
    ' helado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cucurucho
    - helada
    - polo
    - por
    - Tiro
    - tutti-frutti
    - vainilla
    - adoquín
    - apetecer
    - barra
    - bola
    - chupada
    - copa
    - derretir
    - deshacer
    - gana
    - haber
    - nieve
    - paleta
    - tomar
    - viento
    English:
    come out
    - concentrate
    - cone
    - cornet
    - craving
    - dip
    - feel
    - flavor
    - flavour
    - front
    - frozen
    - ice cream
    - ice-cold
    - icy
    - runny
    - scoop
    - stone-cold
    - tub
    - vanilla
    - boggle
    - fancy
    - floor
    - freeze
    - freezing
    - frosty
    - ice
    - iced
    - lolly
    - Popsicle
    - soda
    - stiff
    - stone
    - stun
    - stunned
    - sundae
    - taste
    - topping
    - treat
    * * *
    helado, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [hecho hielo] [agua] frozen;
    [lago] frozen over
    2. [muy frío] [manos, agua] freezing;
    esta sopa está helada this soup is stone-cold;
    llegó helado de frío y mojado he arrived frozen stiff and wet through;
    me quedé helado esperándola bajo la lluvia I nearly froze to death waiting for her in the rain
    3. Andes, RP [bebida] ice-cold, well chilled;
    sírvase bien helado serve well chilled
    4. [atónito] dumbfounded, speechless;
    ¡me dejas helado! I don't know what to say!;
    me dejó helado cuando me contó lo que le había pasado she left me speechless when she told me what had happened to her
    ♦ nm
    ice cream
    CSur helado de agua Br ice lolly, US Popsicle®; RP helado palito Br ice lolly, US Popsicle®
    * * *
    I adj frozen; fig
    icy;
    quedarse helado be stunned
    II m ice cream
    * * *
    helado, -da adj
    1) gélido: icy, freezing cold
    2) congelado: frozen
    helado nm
    : ice cream
    * * *
    helado1 adj
    1. (congelado) frozen
    2. (muy frío) freezing
    helado2 n ice cream

    Spanish-English dictionary > helado

  • 26 helarse

    1 (congelarse) to freeze
    2 (planta) to be killed by frost
    3 (persona) to freeze, freeze to death
    * * *
    VPR
    1) (Aer, Ferro) to ice up, freeze up
    2) (=congelarse) [líquido] to freeze; [plantas] to be killed by frost; [lago, río] to freeze over
    3) [persona]

    ¡me estoy helando! — I'm freezing!

    - se me heló la sangre en las venas
    * * *

    ■helarse vr (congelarse) to freeze
    ' helarse' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    helar
    - tieso
    English:
    freeze
    - ice over
    - ice up
    * * *
    vpr
    1. [líquido] to freeze;
    el lago se ha helado the lake has frozen over
    2. [plantas]
    las plantas se helaron the plants were caught by the frost
    3. [persona] to freeze;
    me hielo de frío I'm freezing;
    se me están helando los pies my feet are freezing
    * * *
    v/r tb fig
    freeze
    * * *
    vr

    Spanish-English dictionary > helarse

  • 27 geler

    geler [ʒ(ə)le]
    ➭ TABLE 5
    1. transitive verb
    to freeze ; [+ terres agricoles] to set aside
    2. reflexive verb
    ► se geler (inf) ( = avoir froid) to freeze
    3. intransitive verb
       a. [eau, lac, sol, linge, conduit] to freeze ; [récoltes] to be hit by frost ; [doigt, membre] to be freezing
       b. ( = avoir froid) to be freezing
    * * *
    ʒəle
    1.
    1) ( durcir) to freeze [eau, sol]
    2) ( endommager) to freeze [doigt]; to nip [plante]
    3) ( bloquer) to freeze [salaire, prix, avoirs]; to suspend [projet, production]

    2.
    verbe intransitif
    1) ( se solidifier) [eau, sol] to freeze
    2) ( être endommagé) [doigt, pied] to freeze; [plante] to be frosted
    3) (colloq) ( avoir froid) to be freezing

    3.
    se geler (colloq) verbe pronominal ( avoir froid) to freeze

    4.
    verbe impersonnel

    il or ça gèle — it's freezing

    * * *
    ʒ(ə)le
    1. vt
    2. vi

    Il a gelé cette nuit. — There was a frost last night.

    * * *
    geler verb table: geler
    A vtr
    1 ( durcir) to freeze [eau, sol];
    2 ( endommager) to freeze [doigt, pied]; to nip [plante];
    3 ( bloquer) to freeze [salaire, prix];
    4 ( suspendre) to suspend [projet, production, processus];
    5 Fin ( immobiliser) to freeze [compte, avoirs].
    B vi
    1 ( se solidifier) [eau, sol] to freeze;
    2 ( être endommagé) [doigt, pied] to freeze; [plante] to be frosted;
    3 ○( avoir froid) to be freezing; on gèle it's freezing;
    4 Jeux (être loin, à cache-tampon) tu gèles! you're freezing!
    C se geler vpr
    1 ○( avoir froid) to freeze; se geler les fesses○ or le cul● to freeze to death; on se les gèle● it's bloody◑ GB ou damn○ US freezing;
    2 Méd il s'est gelé un orteil he got frostbite in one toe.
    D v impers to freeze; il or ça gèle it's freezing; il gèle à pierre fendre it's absolutely freezing.
    [ʒəle] verbe transitif
    1. [transformer en glace - eau, sol] to freeze
    2. [bloquer - tuyau, serrure] to freeze up (separable)
    3. [détruire - plante, tissu organique] to freeze
    4. [transir - visage] to chill, to numb ; [ - membres] to freeze
    5. [paralyser - négociations] to halt ; [ - projet] to halt, to block ; [ - capitaux, salaires, prix] to freeze
    ————————
    [ʒəle] verbe intransitif
    1. [eau, liquide] to freeze
    2. [tuyau, serrure] to freeze up
    3. [pousses, légumes] to freeze, to be nipped by the frost
    4. [personne] to freeze
    ferme la porte, on gèle ici shut the door, it's freezing in here
    ————————
    [ʒəle] verbe impersonnel
    ————————
    se geler verbe pronominal intransitif
    [personne]
    ————————
    se geler verbe pronominal transitif

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > geler

  • 28 freeze

    [fri:z] n
    1) (fam: cold weather) Frost m;
    big \freeze harter Frost
    2) ( stoppage) Einfrieren nt ( fam)
    a pay/ price/wage \freeze [or a \freeze on pay/ prices/ wages] ein Einfrieren nt des Gehalts/der Preise/der Löhne ( fam)
    3) ( still picture) Standbild nt; ( device on video player) Standbildfunktion f vi <froze, frozen>
    1) ( become solid) water gefrieren; pipes einfrieren; lake zufrieren;
    to \freeze solid water festfrieren;
    2) (a. fig: get very cold) [sehr] frieren;
    to \freeze to death erfrieren
    it's freezing es friert;
    it froze three nights in a row es gab drei Nächte hintereinander Frost
    4) ( store in freezer) einfrieren
    5) ( be still) erstarren;
    \freeze, or I'll shoot! keine Bewegung oder ich schieße!
    6) ( be jammed) screw, nail klemmen vt <froze, frozen>
    to \freeze sth etw gefrieren lassen
    2) ( preserve)
    to \freeze sth etw einfrieren
    to \freeze sb jdn erstarren lassen;
    to \freeze sb with a look/ stare jdn mit einem Blick zum Erstarren bringen
    4) ( on a film)
    to \freeze an action/ image ein Geschehnis/Bild festhalten;
    to \freeze a film einen Film anhalten
    to \freeze a salary/ programme ein Gehalt/Programm einfrieren ( fam)
    to \freeze an account ein Konto einfrieren ( fam)
    to \freeze sth etw vereisen
    PHRASES:
    to [be cold enough to] \freeze the balls off a brass monkey (fam!) so kalt sein, dass es einem die Eier abfriert ( derb)
    to make sb's blood \freeze [or \freeze sb's blood] jdm das Blut in den Adern gefrieren lassen ( geh)

    English-German students dictionary > freeze

  • 29 erfrieren

    er·frie·ren *
    vi irreg sein
    1) ( durch Frost eingehen) to be killed by frost
    2) ( durch Frost absterben) Gliedmassen to get frostbitten;
    erfroren frozen
    3) ( an Kälte sterben) Person/ Tier to freeze to death, to die of exposure

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > erfrieren

  • 30 bite

    1. /пропущено/ III
    /пропущено/
    of pie, cite.) надкусить яблоко и т. д.; bite one's finger nails (one's lips) кусать ногти (губы); bite one's lip (one's tongue) прикусить себе губу (язык); what's bitten him? coll. какая муха его укусила?
    2)
    bite.smth. mustard (pepper, etc.) bites the tongue горчица и т. д. жжет /щиплет/ язык; strong acids bite metals кислоты разъедают металл; the wind (the frost) bites the face (the cheeks) ветер (мороз) жжет /щиплет/ лицо (щеки); the frost bit the leaves (the fruit blossoms, etc.) морозном) побил(о) листья и т. д.
    2. IV
    bite smb., smth. in some manner bite smb., smth. unexpectedly (savagely, viciously, murderously, etc.) неожиданно и т. д). укусить кого-л., что-л.; bite an apple (a piece of meat, a slice of pie, etc.) hurriedly (hastily. daintly, etc.) быстро и т. д. откусить яблоко и т. д.
    3. XI
    1) be bitten by smb., smth. I was bitten by a snake меня ужалила змея; her fingers were bitten by frost она отморозила себе пальцы; be bitten in /on/ smth. I was bitten in /on/ the leg by a gnat (by the dog, etc.) комар и т. д. укусил меня в ногу; be bitten in some manner I was badly (dreadfully) bitten by the mosquitoes (by the gnats, by fleas, etc.) меня сильно /страшно/ искусали /покусали/ москиты и т. д.
    2) be bitten т some manner with lover of smth., smb. coil. Ire badly (much, completely, etc.) bitten with /over/ the angling mania (with his new hobby, over an actress, etc.) сильно и т. д. увлекаться /"заболеть"/ рыбной ловлей и т. д.; he was completely bitten with a desire to help her он горел желанием помочь ей
    4. XVI
    1)
    bite at smth. bite at an apple (at cake, at the piece of meat, etc.) a) ловить ртом /стараться откусить/ яблоко и т. д.; б) надкусывать яблоко и т. д. или откусывать от яблока и т. д. маленькие кусочки; the dog was bitting at flears собака щелкала зубами, ловя блох; bite at a hook (at a bait) ловиться на крючок (на приманку); they are too known to bite at such a bite они слишком опытны, чтобы попасться /пойти, клюнуть/на такую приманку2)
    bite into /on/ smth. bite into the meat (into the bread, on a bone, etc.) вгрызаться в мясо и т. д., bite on the bridle грызть удила; bite through (into, etc.) smth. bite through a rope (through the dress, etc.) прокусывать веревку и т.д., remorse bites into my heart раскаяние гложет мне душу; bite with smth. bite with one's teeth кусать зубами
    5. XXI1
    bite smb. in / on/smth. bite smb. on the leg (in the arm, on, the finger, etc.) укусить кого-л. в /за/ ногу и т. д., bite smth. in smth. bite a hole in my trousers прогрызть зубами дыру в брюках || bite smb. to death загрызть кого-л. до смерти

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > bite

  • 31 dry

    draɪ
    1. прил.
    1) а) сухой, обезвоженный Atmospheric air in the driest possible state. ≈ Атмосферный воздух в своем наиболее сухом состоянии. dry cough dry bread dry masonry dry cell dry battery Syn: crisp, dried, parched, dehumidified, dehydrated, desiccated Ant: damp, deliquescent, moist, soggy, wet б) высохший, иссохший( о каком-л. источнике жидкости) to go, run dry ≈ высыхать Our own well never runs dry. ≈ Наш собственный колодец никогда не пересыхает. A dry inkstand. ≈ Высохшая чернильница. в) засушливый (о месте, климате) Arable land that does fairly well in a dry year. ≈ Пахотная земля, которая дает хороший урожай даже в сухие года. г) разг. испытывающий жажду;
    сл. желающий "промочить горло" (т.е., выпить) I returned hungry, weary and dry. ≈ Я вернулся голодный, уставший, и вдобавок очень хотелось пить. Syn: thirsty д) высушенный Syn: parched, withered е) не залитый водой, находящийся не под водой The tide leaves this bank dry. ≈ Прилив до этого места не доходит. The dry part of ship. ≈ Часть корабля выше ватерлинии.
    2) сухой (о вине)
    3) переносно а) неинтересный, скучный Mankind have an aversion to the study of the science of government. Is it because the subject is dry? ≈ Люди не любят изучать науку управления. Потому ли, что предмет суховат? Syn: unattractive, distasteful, insipid б) холодный, сдержанный;
    бесстрастный( о рассказе, отношении, человеке и т.п.) Lord North's answers were dry, unyielding. ≈ Лорд Норт отвечал сухо, не показывая, что его что-либо задело. dry humour Syn: stiff, hard, cold в) голый, простой;
    неукрашенный, простой With a pension and dry title only. ≈ Досталась ему пенсия, звание и больше ничего. A long catalogue of dry facts. ≈ Длинный список голых фактов. Syn: meagre, plain, bare, matter-of-fact г) сухой (о запрете на продажу алкоголя) dry town go dry д) воен. учебный (в сочетании dry shot, "холостой выстрел")
    4) не дающий молока (о дойных животных) dry cow
    5) сухой, сыпучий (в противоположность жидкому, о продуктах)
    6) имеющий плохую акустику, с плоским звуком (о зале, здании) ∙ dry death dry facts dry light dry money dry-eyed dry bath dry camp dry fuck dry ice dry suit he's not even dry behind the ears ≈ молоко на губах не обсохло
    2. сущ.
    1) а) засуха;
    время года, когда очень сухо и жарко Thinking of coming down there later in the Dry. ≈ Думая приехать сюда потом, в самую жару. б) сушь, сухая погода, жаркая погода без дождя ∙ Syn: dryness, drought в) высушивание, высыхание
    2) а) земля, почва, суша in the dry Syn: land б) пустыня
    3) сухое вино
    4) а) сторонник введения сухого закона Syn: prohibitionist б) консерватор, сторонник низких бюджетных расходов
    5) с.-х. гумно
    6) строит. трещина в камне (признак непригодности)
    7) театр. ситуация, когда актер забыл свою реплику
    3. гл.
    1) сушить(ся), сохнуть, (тж. dry off) ;
    вытирать, промакивать Come and dry off in from of this fire. ≈ Заходи и обсушись тут. Mrs. Chick was yet drying her eyes. ≈ Мисси Чик все еще вытирала глаза. Shall I dry for you, mother? ≈ Мама, мне вытереть посуду? Syn: desiccate
    2) осушаться, лишаться воды;
    испаряться This sandbank dries at Low-Water. ≈ Этот песчаный берег осушается в отлив. The unctuous part will dry away. ≈ Жирная фракция испарится, высохнет.
    3) заканчиваться, иссякать, истощаться Syn: run short, run low
    4) делать так, чтобы корова перестала давать молоко ∙ dry out dry up dry straight dry down сушь;
    засуха сухая погода сухость суша (американизм) (разговорное) сторонник запрещения спиртных напитков;
    сторонник сухого закона (строительство) сухая кладка рига, овин сухой - * clothing сухая одежда - * bread сухой хлеб - * wash выстиранное и высушенное (но не глаженное) белье - with * eyes без слез - to rub smth. * вытереть что-л. насухо - to wring linen * тщательно /почти досуха/ выжать белье - to be kept * держать в сухом месте, предохранять от влаги (указание об условиях хранения изделия) сухой, не обмочившийся - my child was * at two years мой ребенок просился на горшок с двух лет( специальное) сухой - * ice сухой лед - * steam сухой пар - * weight сухой вес, вес без заправки - * assay сухая проба, сухой анализ - * battery сухая электрическая батарея лишенный влаги, жидкости;
    обезвоженный - * fountain-pen авторучка без чернил - * weight вес высушенного материала - * concrete( строительство) жесткий бетон ненамазанный, без масла, джема и т. п. - * toast гренок без масла работающий всухую;
    несмазанный - * joint (техническое) притертое соединение - * masonry( строительство) кладка без раствора, сухая кладка - * walling( строительство) сухая кладка стен засушливый, сухой - * year засушливый год - * summer сухое лето сухой (о воздухе и т. п.) - * frost сухой мороз высохший;
    пересохший - * well высохший колодец - * brook пересохший ручей - to run * пересохнуть;
    исчерпать себя;
    исписаться( о писателе) ;
    истощиться, кончиться - at the end of five minutes he has run * через пять минут он исчерпал все свои доводы высохший, сморщенный - * breast тощая /опавшая/ грудь сухой, сдержанный;
    холодный;
    бесстрастный - * answer сухой ответ - * humour сдержанный юмор - * thanks сдержанная благодарность - he was very * with us он был очень сух с нами строгий, сухой - * facts голые факты - * manner of execution холодная /строго классическая/ манера исполнения пресный, скучный, неинтересный - * book скучная книга - * lecture скучная лекция - that'll be pretty * to most people большинству это покажется скучным;
    никто на это не клюнет блеклый( о звуке) сухой, несладкий - * wine сухое вино - medium * wine полусухое вино находящийся на суше - to leave smth. * выбросить что-л. на берег;
    оставить что-л. на берегу - high and * выброшенный /вытащенный/ на берег твердый, сыпучий - * provisions сухие продукты - * measure мера сыпучих тел непредвзятый, беспристрастный, непредубежденный - * light непредубежденный взгляд на вещи( редкое) наличный;
    уплачиваемый звонкой монетой - * money звонкая монета( американизм) (разговорное) поддерживающий сухой закон - * town город, в котором запрещена продажа спиртных напитков - to go * принять сухой закон;
    запретить продажу спиртных напитков - to vote * проголосовать за принятие сухого закона (медицина) сухой, без выделений, без слизи - * cough сухой кашель( разговорное) испытывающий жажду - I am /feel/ * очень хочется пить;
    в горле пересохло;
    не прочь выпить /пропустить стаканчик/ (разговорное) вызывающий жажду - it's * work от этой работы всегда пересыхает горло (сельскохозяйственное) недойный, яловый - * sheep яловая овца - * cow недойная /сухостойная, яловая/ корова (военное) тренировочный, учебный - * firing имитационная стрельба - * run имитационная стрельба;
    (авиация) учебный заход на цель( американизм) проводимый без техники - * rehearsel репетиция без декораций > * death (юридическое) смерть, последовавшая по любой причине, кроме утопления;
    насильственная смерть без пролития крови > * lodging комната, сдаваемая без стола > he is not yet * behind the ears у него еще молоко на губах не обсохло > as * as a bone /as a tinder/ сухой как спичка;
    совершенно сухой, без капли влаги сушить;
    высушивать - to * herbs сушить травы - to * smth. by the fire сушить что-л. на огне /у огня/ - the wind dried the skin на ветру кожа высохла сушиться, сохнуть - to * in the wind сушиться на ветру вытирать (насухо) - to * one's hands (on a towel) вытереть руки (полотенцем) - to * smth. with a cloth вытереть что-л. тряпкой - to * one's eyes вытереть глаза, утереть слезы - to * one's tears утереть слезы;
    снять траур переставать доить( корову перед отелом;
    тж. * off, * up) не давать молока (о корове) dry амер. антиалкогольный, запрещающий продажу спиртных напитков;
    dry town город, в котором запрещена продажа спиртных напитков;
    to go dry ввести сухой закон ~ вытирать после мытья;
    he dried his hands on the towel он вытер руки полотенцем ~ засуха;
    сушь;
    сухая погода ~ засушливый ~ разг. испытывающий жажду (о человеке) ~ иссякать ~ амер. сторонник запрещения спиртных напитков ~ сухой, скучный, неинтересный;
    dry book скучная книга ~ сухой, несладкий (о вине) ~ сухой, высохший (о колодце) ~ сухой;
    dry cough сухой кашель ~ суша ~ сушить(ся), сохнуть, высыхать;
    to dry herbs сушить травы;
    to dry oneself сушиться ~ воен. учебный;
    dry shot холостой выстрел;
    dry cow яловая корова;
    dry death смерть без пролития крови;
    dry facts голые факты ~ холодный;
    сдержанный;
    бесстрастный;
    dry humour сдержанный юмор ~ сухой, скучный, неинтересный;
    dry book скучная книга ~ bread засохший хлеб ~ bread хлеб без масла ~ cell (или battery) сухая электрическая батарея ~ сухой;
    dry cough сухой кашель ~ воен. учебный;
    dry shot холостой выстрел;
    dry cow яловая корова;
    dry death смерть без пролития крови;
    dry facts голые факты ~ воен. учебный;
    dry shot холостой выстрел;
    dry cow яловая корова;
    dry death смерть без пролития крови;
    dry facts голые факты ~ воен. учебный;
    dry shot холостой выстрел;
    dry cow яловая корова;
    dry death смерть без пролития крови;
    dry facts голые факты ~ сушить(ся), сохнуть, высыхать;
    to dry herbs сушить травы;
    to dry oneself сушиться ~ холодный;
    сдержанный;
    бесстрастный;
    dry humour сдержанный юмор ~ light непредубежденный взгляд( на вещи) ;
    he's not even dry behind the ears = у него еще молоко на губах не обсохло ~ masonry стр. кладка без раствора (насухо) ~ сушить(ся), сохнуть, высыхать;
    to dry herbs сушить травы;
    to dry oneself сушиться ~ воен. учебный;
    dry shot холостой выстрел;
    dry cow яловая корова;
    dry death смерть без пролития крови;
    dry facts голые факты dry амер. антиалкогольный, запрещающий продажу спиртных напитков;
    dry town город, в котором запрещена продажа спиртных напитков;
    to go dry ввести сухой закон ~ up высушивать;
    to dry up one's tears осушить слезы ~ up высыхать, пересыхать( о колодце, реке) ;
    перен. истощиться, иссякнуть( о воображении и т. п.) ;
    в) разг. замолчать;
    перестать ~ up! замолчи(те) !;
    перестань(те) ! ~ up высушивать;
    to dry up one's tears осушить слезы dry амер. антиалкогольный, запрещающий продажу спиртных напитков;
    dry town город, в котором запрещена продажа спиртных напитков;
    to go dry ввести сухой закон ~ вытирать после мытья;
    he dried his hands on the towel он вытер руки полотенцем ~ light непредубежденный взгляд (на вещи) ;
    he's not even dry behind the ears = у него еще молоко на губах не обсохло

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > dry

  • 32 freeze

    fri:z
    1. past tense - froze; verb
    1) (to make into or become ice: It's so cold that the river has frozen over.) congelar
    2) ((of weather) to be at or below freezing-point: If it freezes again tonight all my plants will die.) helar
    3) (to make or be very cold: If you had stayed out all night in the snow you might have frozen to death (= died of exposure to cold).) helarse, congelarse (morirse de frío)
    4) (to make (food) very cold in order to preserve it: You can freeze the rest of that food and eat it later.) congelar
    5) (to make or become stiff, still or unable to move (with fear etc): She froze when she heard the strange noise.) quedarse inmóvil
    6) (to fix prices, wages etc at a certain level: If the situation does not improve, wages will be frozen again.) congelar

    2. noun
    (a period of very cold weather when temperatures are below freezing-point: How long do you think the freeze will last?) helada
    - freezing
    - frozen
    - freezing-point
    - freeze up
    freeze vb helarse / congelarse
    tr[friːz]
    1 SMALLMETEOROLOGY/SMALL helada
    2 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL congelación nombre femenino
    transitive verb (pt froze tr[frəʊz], pp frozen tr['frəʊzən], ger freezing)
    1 (gen) congelar
    ■ can you freeze fish? ¿se puede congelar el pescado?
    1 (liquid) helarse; (food) congelarse
    2 SMALLMETEOROLOGY/SMALL helar
    3 figurative use (stop suddenly) quedarse inmóvil, quedarse paralizado,-a
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to freeze somebody's blood / make somebody's blood freeze hacer que se le hiela la sangre a alguien
    to freeze to death morirse de frío
    freeze ['fri:z] v, froze ['fro:z] ; frozen ['fro:zə n] ; freezing vi
    1) : congelarse, helarse
    the water froze in the lake: el agua se congeló en el lago
    my blood froze: se me heló la sangre
    I'm freezing: me estoy helando
    2) stop: quedarse inmóvil
    freeze vt
    : helar, congelar (líquidos), congelar (alimentos, precios, activos)
    1) frost: helada f
    2) freezing: congelación f, congelamiento m
    n.
    • congelación s.f.
    • helada s.f. (Computing)
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: froze, frozen) = inmovilizar v.
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: froze, frozen) = bloquear v.
    • congelar v.
    • escarchar v.
    • helar v.

    I
    1. friːz
    (past froze; past p frozen) intransitive verb
    1) \<\<pipe/lock/ground/person\>\> helarse*, congelarse

    to freeze to death — morir* congelado

    I'm freezing! — estoy helado!, me estoy muriendo de frío!

    2) ( stand still) quedarse inmóvil, paralizarse*

    freeze! — alto or quieto ahí!

    3) ( Culin)

    2.
    vt
    1)
    a) ( turn to ice) \<\<water/stream\>\> helar*, congelar
    b) ( ice up) \<\<pipe/mechanism\>\> helar*
    2)
    a) ( preserve in freezer) congelar
    b) ( anesthetize) anestesiar
    3) ( Fin) \<\<assets/account/prices\>\> congelar

    3.
    v impers helar*, haber* helada
    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    noun (limitation, stoppage) congelación f

    a wage/price freeze — una congelación salarial/de precios

    [friːz] (pt froze) (pp frozen)
    1. VT
    1) (lit) [+ water] helar; [+ food] congelar
    2) (fig) [+ prices, wages, assets] congelar
    2. VI
    1) (gen) helarse, congelarse
    2) (=be motionless) quedarse inmóvil

    freeze! — ¡no te muevas!

    3. N
    1) (Met) helada f
    2) [of prices, wages etc] congelación f
    * * *

    I
    1. [friːz]
    (past froze; past p frozen) intransitive verb
    1) \<\<pipe/lock/ground/person\>\> helarse*, congelarse

    to freeze to death — morir* congelado

    I'm freezing! — estoy helado!, me estoy muriendo de frío!

    2) ( stand still) quedarse inmóvil, paralizarse*

    freeze! — alto or quieto ahí!

    3) ( Culin)

    2.
    vt
    1)
    a) ( turn to ice) \<\<water/stream\>\> helar*, congelar
    b) ( ice up) \<\<pipe/mechanism\>\> helar*
    2)
    a) ( preserve in freezer) congelar
    b) ( anesthetize) anestesiar
    3) ( Fin) \<\<assets/account/prices\>\> congelar

    3.
    v impers helar*, haber* helada
    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    noun (limitation, stoppage) congelación f

    a wage/price freeze — una congelación salarial/de precios

    English-spanish dictionary > freeze

  • 33 congelación

    f.
    1 freezing, freeze, congealment, frostbite.
    2 freeze, suspension, stay.
    3 deep-freezing.
    4 freeze, immobilization.
    * * *
    1 (gen) freezing
    2 (precios, salarios, etc) freeze
    3 MEDICINA (gen) exposure; (extremidades) frostbite
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de alimentos, líquidos] freezing
    2) (Med) frostbite
    3) (Econ) freeze, freezing
    4)

    congelación de imagen — [de vídeo] freeze-frame

    * * *
    a) (de alimentos, agua) freezing
    b) (Med) exposure; ( de extremidades) frostbite
    c) (de precios, salarios, créditos) freezing; (de proyecto, negociación) suspension
    * * *
    = freeze, freezing, icing.
    Ex. Since a freeze on all hiring was in effect, taking on new people was out of the question.
    Ex. Freezing is effective in eliminating injurious book insects.
    Ex. The loins were divided into 2 lots: one lot was iced immediately and the other lot was left at room temperature for 6 hours before icing.
    ----
    * congelación de la imagen = freeze-frame.
    * congelación del cuerpo humano por los efectos del frío = frostbite.
    * congelación de los presupuestos = budget freeze.
    * congelación del salario = salary freeze.
    * congelación salarial = salary freeze.
    * * *
    a) (de alimentos, agua) freezing
    b) (Med) exposure; ( de extremidades) frostbite
    c) (de precios, salarios, créditos) freezing; (de proyecto, negociación) suspension
    * * *
    = freeze, freezing, icing.

    Ex: Since a freeze on all hiring was in effect, taking on new people was out of the question.

    Ex: Freezing is effective in eliminating injurious book insects.
    Ex: The loins were divided into 2 lots: one lot was iced immediately and the other lot was left at room temperature for 6 hours before icing.
    * congelación de la imagen = freeze-frame.
    * congelación del cuerpo humano por los efectos del frío = frostbite.
    * congelación de los presupuestos = budget freeze.
    * congelación del salario = salary freeze.
    * congelación salarial = salary freeze.

    * * *
    1 (de alimentos, agua) freezing
    2 ( Med) exposure; (de extremidades) frostbite
    muerte por congelación death from exposure
    3 (de precios, salarios) freezing; (de créditos, fondos) freezing
    la congelación de las negociaciones the deadlock in the negotiations
    Compuesto:
    ( Agr, UE) set-aside
    4 ( Cin, TV) (de una imagen) freezing
    * * *

    congelación sustantivo femenino freezing: la congelación de los alimentos debe realizarse cuanto antes, the food should be frozen as soon as possible
    ' congelación' also found in these entries:
    English:
    freeze
    - freezing
    - freezing point
    - frostbite
    - wage freeze
    - exposure
    - frost
    * * *
    1. [de alimento, líquido] freezing
    2. [de persona] freezing;
    [de dedos, miembro] frostbite;
    morir por congelación to freeze to death
    3. [de precios, salarios] freeze;
    [de cuenta bancaria] freezing; [de negociaciones] deadlock, impasse;
    el gobierno anunció la congelación inmediata de los sueldos de los funcionarios the government announced an immediate wage freeze for public sector workers
    congelación salarial pay freeze
    4. TV & Cine congelación de imagen freeze-frame function
    * * *
    f
    1 freezing;
    congelación de precios/de salarios price/wage freeze
    2 MED frostbite
    * * *
    1) : freezing
    2) : frostbite

    Spanish-English dictionary > congelación

  • 34 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

  • 35 white

    1. adjective
    1) (of the colour of the paper on which these words are printed: The bride wore a white dress.) hvit
    2) (having light-coloured skin, through being of European etc descent: the first white man to explore Africa.) hvit
    3) (abnormally pale, because of fear, illness etc: He went white with shock.) hvit, blek
    4) (with milk in it: A white coffee, please.) med melk
    2. noun
    1) (the colour of the paper on which these words are printed: White and black are opposites.) hvitt
    2) (a white-skinned person: racial trouble between blacks and whites.) hvit person
    3) ((also egg-white) the clear fluid in an egg, surrounding the yolk: This recipe tells you to separate the yolks from the whites.) eggehvite
    4) ((of an eye) the white part surrounding the pupil and iris: The whites of her eyes are bloodshot.) det hvite (i øyet)
    •
    - whiteness
    - whitening
    - whitish
    - white-collar
    - white elephant
    - white horse
    - white-hot
    - white lie
    - whitewash     3. verb
    (to cover with whitewash.) kalke
    - white wine
    blank
    I
    subst. \/waɪt\/
    1) hvitt, hvit farge
    2) hvithet
    3) uskyld, renhet
    4) hvite klær, hvitt (tøy)
    5) ( om rase) hvit
    6) hvite
    7) ( typografi) mellomrom, blankt sted
    8) hvitvin
    9) ( slang) heroin, amfetamin
    in the white (om tre, også overført) ubehandlet
    turn up\/show the whites of one's eyes rulle med øyene
    white of egg eggehvite
    White ( i sjakk) hvit hvit (rase)
    whites hvit drakt, hvite bukser ( typografi) mellomrom, blankt sted
    the whites (medisin, hverdagslig) utflod
    II
    subst. \/waɪt\/ eller white butterfly
    ( sommerfugl i familien Pieridae) hvitvinge
    large white ( sommerfuglarten Pieris brassicae)
    stor kålsommerfugl
    small white ( sommerfuglarten Artogeia rapae)
    liten kålsommerfugl
    III
    adj. \/waɪt\/
    1) ( om hudfarge) hvit, blek
    2) hvit
    • are you wearing a white dress for your wedding?
    3) ( overført) ren, uskyldig, plettfri
    be in a white rage være hvit (i ansiktet) av sinne
    bleed white utsuge, loppe for alt
    make white ( overført) renvaske, renske
    stand in a white sheet ( overført) kle seg i sekk og aske
    turn white with bli hvit av
    white coffee kaffe med melk\/fløte
    white crow ( hverdagslig) sjeldenhet
    the white death eller white scourge (medisin, gammeldags) (lunge)tuberkolose, tæring
    white frost rim(frost)
    white game ( om jakt) fjellryper (i vinterdrakt)
    white hope (noens) store håp
    white lie hvit løgn, nødløgn
    white man hvit mann de hvite (gammeldags, hverdagslig) hederskar, real fyr
    white night søvnløs natt
    white sale ( gammeldags) salg på lintøy
    white space (amer., hverdagslig) fritid
    white supremacy ( om rasisme) den hvite rasens overlegenhet
    white trash eller poor white trash (slang, nedsettende) fattige hvite (spesielt i sørlige del av USA)
    white wedding hvitt bryllup

    English-Norwegian dictionary > white

  • 36 замерзать

    замёрзнуть
    freeze*; be frozen; ( умирать от мороза) freeze* to death, be killed by frost

    цветы замёрзли — the flowers are frosted over, или nipped by the frost

    река замёрзла — the river is / has frozen (up)

    Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > замерзать

  • 37 замерзать (I) > замёрзнуть (I)

    ............................................................
    (past: froze ; past participle: frozen)ـ
    (vt. & vi.) یخ بستن، منجمد شدن، بی اندازه سرد کردن، فلج کردن، فلج شدن، ثابت کردن، غیرقابل حرکت ساختن، یخ زدگی، افسردگی
    ............................................................
    ............................................................
    ............................................................
    ............................................................
    ............................................................
    ............................................................
    7. get/be frozen

    Русско-персидский словарь > замерзать (I) > замёрзнуть (I)

  • 38 AF

    of
    * * *
    prep. w. dat.
    I. Of place:
    1) off, from;
    G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;
    ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;
    Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;
    Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;
    hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;
    Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;
    tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;
    bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;
    hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;
    vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;
    muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;
    rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;
    vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;
    lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
    vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;
    2) out of;
    verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;
    gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
    Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.
    Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.
    II. Of time; past, beyond:
    af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;
    ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;
    þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;
    var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.
    III. In various other relations:
    1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;
    hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;
    vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;
    féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;
    þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;
    þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;
    ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;
    2) off, of;
    höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;
    vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;
    þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;
    absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;
    fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;
    3) of, among;
    hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;
    4) with;
    hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;
    fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;
    5) of (= ór which is more frequent);
    húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
    6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;
    hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;
    7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;
    ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;
    kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;
    8) by, of (after passive);
    ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;
    ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;
    9) on account of, by reason of, by;
    úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;
    ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;
    af ástæld hans, by his popularity;
    af því, therefore;
    af hví, wherefor why;
    af því at, because;
    10) by means of, by;
    framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;
    af sínu fé, by one’s own means;
    absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;
    11) with adjectives, in regard to;
    mildr af fé, liberal of money;
    góðr af griðum, merciful;
    12) used absol. with a verb, off away;
    hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;
    ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;
    sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.
    * * *
    prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.
    A. Loc.
    I. With motion, off, from:
    1. prop. corresp. to á,
    α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.
    β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.
    γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.
    δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.
    ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.
    ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).
    2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).
    II. WITHOUT MOTION:
    1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.
    2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.
    β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.
    γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.
    3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.
    β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.
    4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.
    B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:
    1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.
    2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.
    3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.
    C. In various other relations:
    I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.
    1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.
    2. where an object is taken by force:
    α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.
    β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.
    γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.
    3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.
    β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.
    II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.
    β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.
    γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.
    2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.
    β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.
    γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.
    δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.
    3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.
    III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.
    IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:
    1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.
    β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.
    2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.
    β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.
    V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:
    1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.
    2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.
    VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:
    1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.
    β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.
    2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.
    β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.
    3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.
    4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.
    5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.
    VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:
    1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.
    β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.
    2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.
    VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.
    IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.
    β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;
    γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.
    δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.
    X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.
    2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.
    XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).
    D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:
    I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.
    II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AF

  • 39 hard

    [hɑ:d, Am hɑ:rd] adj
    1) (rigid, solid) hart;
    \hard cheese Hartkäse m;
    [as] \hard as iron [or a rock] [or stone] steinhart;
    a \hard and fast rule eine verbindliche Regel;
    the \hard left/ right ( esp Brit) pol die harte Linke/Rechte
    2) (difficult, complex) schwierig;
    she had a \hard time [of it] es war eine schwere Zeit für sie;
    it's \hard being a widow es ist nicht einfach, Witwe zu sein;
    if she won't listen, she'll have to learn the \hard way wer nicht hören will, muss fühlen;
    to be \hard to come by schwierig aufzutreiben sein;
    to do sth the \hard way sich dat etw schwer machen;
    to find sth \hard to believe [or swallow] etw kaum glauben können;
    to get \hard [or \harder] schwer [o schwerer] werden;
    it's \hard to say es ist schwer zu sagen
    3) ( requiring much effort) anstrengend, mühevoll;
    the mountain there is a \hard climb der Berg dort ist schwer zu besteigen;
    a \hard fight ein harter Kampf (a. fig)
    to give sth a \hard push etw kräftig anschieben;
    to be \hard work harte Arbeit sein;
    to be a \hard worker fleißig sein
    4) (severe, unpleasant) hart, unnachgiebig; tone of voice schroff, barsch;
    she's finding the bad news \hard to take es fällt ihr schwer, die schlechte Nachricht zu verkraften;
    a \hard blow ein harter Schlag;
    a \hard heart ein hartes Herz;
    \hard luck [or ( esp Brit) lines] [or ( Brit) (dated) ( fam) cheese] ! [so ein] Pech!;
    that's your \hard luck! das ist dein Pech!;
    to be [as] \hard as nails knallhart [o ein knallharter Typ] sein ( fam)
    a \hard taskmaster ein strenger Arbeitgeber;
    to give sb a \hard time jdm das Leben schwer machen;
    to be \hard on sb/ sth mit jdm/etw hart ins Gericht gehen
    to be \hard on sth etw stark strapazieren;
    I'm very \hard on shoes ich habe einen extrem hohen Schuhverschleiß
    6) (problematic, unfortunate) hart;
    to be \hard on sb hart für jdn sein
    \hard frost/ winter strenger Frost/Winter
    8) (demonstrable, solid) sicher, fest;
    \hard facts ( verified) gesicherte Fakten;
    ( brutally honest) nackte Tatsachen;
    \hard and fast information [or facts] zuverlässige Informationen fpl
    9) ( strong) stark;
    \hard drinks/ drugs harte Getränke/Drogen;
    a \hard drinker ein starker Trinker/eine starke Trinkerin;
    \hard drinking starker Alkoholkonsum;
    to be into \hard drugs harte Drogen nehmen
    \hard water hartes Wasser
    to take a [good] \hard look at sth sich dat etw genau ansehen, etw gründlich betrachten
    PHRASES:
    to drive a \hard bargain knallhart verhandeln [o feilschen];
    to be \hard on sb's heels jdm dicht auf den Fersen sein adv
    1) (solid, rigid) hart;
    boiled \hard hart gekocht;
    frozen \hard hart gefroren;
    ( sth moving) steif gefroren
    2) ( vigorously) fest[e], kräftig;
    think \hard! denk mal genau nach!;
    to exercise \hard hart trainieren;
    to fight \hard [for sth] ( fig) [um etw akk] hart kämpfen;
    to play \hard ausgiebig spielen;
    to press/pull \hard kräftig drücken/ziehen;
    to study \hard fleißig lernen;
    to try \hard to do sth sich akk sehr bemühen [o ( fam) ranhalten], etw zu tun;
    to work \hard hart arbeiten;
    to not do sth very \hard etw nicht sehr gründlich tun;
    to be \hard at it ganz bei der Sache sein
    3) (painfully, severely) schwer;
    his parents took the news of his death \hard seine Eltern traf die Nachricht von seinem Tod schwer;
    to be \hard pressed [or pushed] to do sth große [o die größte] Mühe haben, etw zu tun
    4) ( closely) knapp;
    to follow \hard [up]on [or after] [or behind] sb/ sth jdm/etw knapp folgen, jdm/etw dicht auf den Fersen sein
    5) (heavy, driving)
    it was raining \hard es regnete stark;
    to die \hard [nur] langsam sterben;
    the old idea of state ownership of all firms dies \hard die alte Vorstellung von einer Verstaatlichung aller Firmen stirbt einfach nicht aus
    PHRASES:
    old habits die \hard (die \hard) der Mensch ist ein Gewohnheitstier

    English-German students dictionary > hard

  • 40 замръзна

    замръ̀зна,
    замръ̀звам гл.
    1. freeze, congeal (от with); (по повърхността) freeze over; водопроводните тръби замръзнаха the water pipes froze, the water froze in the pipes; пътищата са замръзнали the roads are frozen hard; стъклата на прозорците са замръзнали there is frost on the window-panes; the window-panes are frosted (over);
    2. ( умирам от студ) freeze to death, die of chill; (за растения) be frost-bitten, be nipped by the cold;
    3. ( вкочанясвам се от студ) become numb/stiff with cold;
    4. прен. ( вцепенявам се) freeze, be petrified, become paralysed (от with); кръвта ми замръзва, като помисля за това my blood runs cold when I think of it; кръвта ми замръзна от ужас my blood curdled with horror, I was paralysed with horror;
    5. прен. ( спирам) stop dead, freeze to o.’s place; • лицето му замръзна his face froze/stiffened.

    Български-английски речник > замръзна

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