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21 sin igual

adj.

unequaled, in a class by itself, matchless, beyond compare.

* * *

sin igual

(hallazgo) unparalleled 2 (persona) unrivalled 3 (belleza) unique

* * *

(adj.) = unequalled, unexampled, unsurpassed, unique unto itself, unrivalled [unrivaled, -USA], without equal, matchless

Ex. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have generated a level of common international interest on a level unequalled since the construction of the railways.

Ex. Hitherto her behavior had been unexampled.

Ex. He was a scholar-librarian whose Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts remained unsurpassed for 250 years, and is still useful.

Ex. Their problem, Waikart concluded, 'was unique unto itself'.

Ex. On-line data banks are still expanding, as they provide unrivalled services, even when these have to be paid for by users.

Ex. The Iberian horse was already regarded as a war horse without equal.

Ex. My reaction to both of them was not one of despair or of envy, but of pleasure in watching a matchless performance.

* * *

(adj.) = unequalled, unexampled, unsurpassed, unique unto itself, unrivalled [unrivaled, -USA], without equal, matchless

Ex: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have generated a level of common international interest on a level unequalled since the construction of the railways.

Ex: Hitherto her behavior had been unexampled.

Ex: He was a scholar-librarian whose Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts remained unsurpassed for 250 years, and is still useful.

Ex: Their problem, Waikart concluded, 'was unique unto itself'.

Ex: On-line data banks are still expanding, as they provide unrivalled services, even when these have to be paid for by users.

Ex: The Iberian horse was already regarded as a war horse without equal.

Ex: My reaction to both of them was not one of despair or of envy, but of pleasure in watching a matchless performance.

Spanish-English dictionary > sin igual
22 sin par

adj.

unparalleled, incomparable, beyond compare, in a class apart.

* * *

sin par

matchless

* * *

(adj.) = unequalled, unexampled, unsurpassed, unique unto itself, unique, without peer, unrivalled [unrivaled, -USA], without equal, matchless

Ex. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have generated a level of common international interest on a level unequalled since the construction of the railways.

Ex. Hitherto her behavior had been unexampled.

Ex. He was a scholar-librarian whose Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts remained unsurpassed for 250 years, and is still useful.

Ex. Their problem, Waikart concluded, 'was unique unto itself'.

Ex. The basic requirement of a shelf arrangement system is that each document has a unique place in the sequence.

Ex. A wide-ranging survey without peer, it also elucidates the universal truths that Christianity shares with other traditions and spiritual paths.

Ex. On-line data banks are still expanding, as they provide unrivalled services, even when these have to be paid for by users.

Ex. The Iberian horse was already regarded as a war horse without equal.

Ex. My reaction to both of them was not one of despair or of envy, but of pleasure in watching a matchless performance.

* * *

(adj.) = unequalled, unexampled, unsurpassed, unique unto itself, unique, without peer, unrivalled [unrivaled, -USA], without equal, matchless

Ex: Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have generated a level of common international interest on a level unequalled since the construction of the railways.

Ex: Hitherto her behavior had been unexampled.

Ex: He was a scholar-librarian whose Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts remained unsurpassed for 250 years, and is still useful.

Ex: Their problem, Waikart concluded, 'was unique unto itself'.

Ex: The basic requirement of a shelf arrangement system is that each document has a unique place in the sequence.

Ex: A wide-ranging survey without peer, it also elucidates the universal truths that Christianity shares with other traditions and spiritual paths.

Ex: On-line data banks are still expanding, as they provide unrivalled services, even when these have to be paid for by users.

Ex: The Iberian horse was already regarded as a war horse without equal.

Ex: My reaction to both of them was not one of despair or of envy, but of pleasure in watching a matchless performance.

Spanish-English dictionary > sin par
23 analizar

v.

to analyze.

analizar sintácticamente la siguiente oración parse the following sentence

Elsa analizó la bebida Elsa examined the drink.

El juez analizó el caso The judge analyzed the case.

* * *

analizar

Conjugation model [ REALIZAR], like realizar

► verbo transitivo

1 to analyse (US analyze)

* * *

verb

to analyze

* * *

VT to analyse, analyze (EEUU)

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( examinar) to analyze*, examine

2) (Med, Quím) to analyze*

3) (Ling) to parse
2.
analizarse v pron to undergo o have analysis

* * *

= analyse [analyze, -USA], assess, break down, discuss, explore, look at, look into, present + discussion, study, think out, weigh, offer + an account of, undergo + analysis, observe, check out, break out, dig + deep, dig + deep beneath the surface, weigh up, review, work through, put + Nombre + under the spotlight, bring + Nombre + under the spotlight, question, probe.

Ex. With a clear objective, the next step is to analyse the concepts that are present in a search.

Ex. Without such guidelines each document would need to be assessed individually, and inconsistencies would be inevitable.

Ex. The holdings are broken down into several volumes, shown as the next level of the pyramid.

Ex. This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.

Ex. Next I will illustrate a simple search profile which does not explore all possible synonyms, but does serve to illustrate weighted term logic.

Ex. This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex. The main concern is to look into current use of, and interest in, electronic information services, and also to gauge opinion on setting up a data base concerned solely with development issues.

Ex. This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.

Ex. Each of the binders is portable and can be separately studied.

Ex. A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

Ex. Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex. This article offers an account of the processes shaping the professionalisation of college and research librarianship within the framework of 4 contemporary sociological theories.

Ex. Syntactic relationships arise from the syntax of the document which is undergoing analysis, and derive solely from literary warrant.

Ex. 141 data bases were observed, most of them had been developed in the life sciences as well as in the earth, ocean and space sciences.

Ex. Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.

Ex. Turnaround managers want current financial and working capital analyses broken out by cost/profit centres.

Ex. Are we prepared to dig deep into our well of humanity & humility in order to uplift ourselves?.

Ex. Her central themes are still love and sex, but she digs deeper beneath the surface to examine the gray areas of moral responsibility and gender relations.

Ex. The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex. There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.

Ex. Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.

Ex. It is paramount to put designers themselves under the spotlight for investigative purposes.

Ex. When the profession once more brought censorship under the spotlight in the 70s, it was less critical and more loath to take a stand.

Ex. If this appears to be excessively difficult, maybe it is time to question whether the tool is too complex.

Ex. The librarian sometimes must probe to discover the context of the question and to be able to discuss various possible approaches and explore their merits.

----

* al analizar Algo más detenidamente = on closer examination, on closer inspection.

* analizar brevemente = take + a look at.

* analizar críticamente = pull + Nombre + to bits.

* analizar de nuevo = reexamine [re-examine].

* analizar desde una perspectiva = see through.

* analizar desde un punto de vista crítico = cast + a critical eye over.

* analizar detenidamente = be carefully considered, think through.

* analizar de un modo imparcial = take + a cool look at.

* analizar en = break down into.

* analizar en detalle = consider + in detail.

* analizar la posibilidad de (que) = examine + the possibility that/of.

* analizar las posibilidades de = look at + the prospects for.

* analizar los pormenores de una situación = look + behind the scene.

* analizar minuciosamente = come under + scrutiny, pore.

* analizar por separado = dissect.

* analizar sintácticamente = parse.

* analizar una cuestión = explore + question, explore + issue.

* analizar una posibilidad = explore + idea.

* analizar un tema = explore + theme.

* reanalizar = reexamine [re-examine].

* ser analizado como una frase = be phrase parsed.

* sin analizar = unexamined, unanalysed.

* volver a analizar = reexamine [re-examine], reanalyse [reanalyze, -USA].

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) ( examinar) to analyze*, examine

2) (Med, Quím) to analyze*

3) (Ling) to parse
2.
analizarse v pron to undergo o have analysis

* * *

= analyse [analyze, -USA], assess, break down, discuss, explore, look at, look into, present + discussion, study, think out, weigh, offer + an account of, undergo + analysis, observe, check out, break out, dig + deep, dig + deep beneath the surface, weigh up, review, work through, put + Nombre + under the spotlight, bring + Nombre + under the spotlight, question, probe.

Ex: With a clear objective, the next step is to analyse the concepts that are present in a search.

Ex: Without such guidelines each document would need to be assessed individually, and inconsistencies would be inevitable.

Ex: The holdings are broken down into several volumes, shown as the next level of the pyramid.

Ex: This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.

Ex: Next I will illustrate a simple search profile which does not explore all possible synonyms, but does serve to illustrate weighted term logic.

Ex: This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.

Ex: The main concern is to look into current use of, and interest in, electronic information services, and also to gauge opinion on setting up a data base concerned solely with development issues.

Ex: This article presents a detailed discussion of the use of Hypermedia for authoring, organisation and presentation of information.

Ex: Each of the binders is portable and can be separately studied.

Ex: A recitation of the best thought out principles for a cataloging code is easily drowned out by the clatter of a bank of direct access devices vainly searching for misplaced records.

Ex: Examines the advantages and disadvantages of approval plans suggesting that each library must carefully weigh them in order to determine its own best course of action.

Ex: This article offers an account of the processes shaping the professionalisation of college and research librarianship within the framework of 4 contemporary sociological theories.

Ex: Syntactic relationships arise from the syntax of the document which is undergoing analysis, and derive solely from literary warrant.

Ex: 141 data bases were observed, most of them had been developed in the life sciences as well as in the earth, ocean and space sciences.

Ex: Where problems do arise it is sensible to check out the training programme before blaming the assistant for poor performance of duties.

Ex: Turnaround managers want current financial and working capital analyses broken out by cost/profit centres.

Ex: Are we prepared to dig deep into our well of humanity & humility in order to uplift ourselves?.

Ex: Her central themes are still love and sex, but she digs deeper beneath the surface to examine the gray areas of moral responsibility and gender relations.

Ex: The author weighs up whether a dumbing down has taken place in the UK tabloid and broadsheet press.

Ex: There is only space to review briefly the special problems associated with the descriptive cataloguing of nonbook materials.

Ex: Some theorists hold that one stage must be completely worked through before the next stage can be entered.

Ex: It is paramount to put designers themselves under the spotlight for investigative purposes.

Ex: When the profession once more brought censorship under the spotlight in the 70s, it was less critical and more loath to take a stand.

Ex: If this appears to be excessively difficult, maybe it is time to question whether the tool is too complex.

Ex: The librarian sometimes must probe to discover the context of the question and to be able to discuss various possible approaches and explore their merits.

* al analizar Algo más detenidamente = on closer examination, on closer inspection.

* analizar brevemente = take + a look at.

* analizar críticamente = pull + Nombre + to bits.

* analizar de nuevo = reexamine [re-examine].

* analizar desde una perspectiva = see through.

* analizar desde un punto de vista crítico = cast + a critical eye over.

* analizar detenidamente = be carefully considered, think through.

* analizar de un modo imparcial = take + a cool look at.

* analizar en = break down into.

* analizar en detalle = consider + in detail.

* analizar la posibilidad de (que) = examine + the possibility that/of.

* analizar las posibilidades de = look at + the prospects for.

* analizar los pormenores de una situación = look + behind the scene.

* analizar minuciosamente = come under + scrutiny, pore.

* analizar por separado = dissect.

* analizar sintácticamente = parse.

* analizar una cuestión = explore + question, explore + issue.

* analizar una posibilidad = explore + idea.

* analizar un tema = explore + theme.

* reanalizar = reexamine [re-examine].

* ser analizado como una frase = be phrase parsed.

* sin analizar = unexamined, unanalysed.

* volver a analizar = reexamine [re-examine], reanalyse [reanalyze, -USA].

* * *

analizar [A4 ]

vt

A (examinar) to analyze*, examine

B ( Med, Quím) to analyze*

C ( Ling) to parse

■ analizarse

v pron

to undergo o have analysis

se está analizando he's undergoing o having analysis, he's seeing an analyst, he's in analysis

* * *

analizar ( conjugate analizar) verbo transitivo
a) ( examinar) to analyze^{( conjugate analyze)}, examine

b) (Med, Quím) to analyze^{( conjugate analyze)}

c) (Ling) to parse

analizarse verbo pronominal
to undergo o have analysis
analizar verbo transitivo to analyze
' analizar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
estudiar
- profundidad
- punto
English:
analyse
- test
- analyze
- go
- survey

* * *

analizar vt

1. [situación, problema] to analyse

2. [sangre, orina] to test, to analyse

3. Gram to parse;

analizar sintácticamente la siguiente oración parse the following sentence

* * *

analizar

v/t analyze

* * *

analizar {21} vt

: to analyze

* * *

analizar vb to analyse

Spanish-English dictionary > analizar
24 cliente

f. & m.

customer, patron, client, costumier.

* * *

cliente

► nombre masulino o femenino

1 client, customer

* * *

(f. - clienta)

noun

client, customer

* * *

SMF [de tienda, bar, restaurante, banco] customer; [de empresa] customer, client; [de hotel] guest, customer

el cliente siempre tiene la razón — the customer is always right

cliente fijo, cliente habitual — regular customer

* * *

- ta masculino, femenino (de tienda, de restaurante) customer; (de empresa, de abogado) client, customer; ( de hotel) guest; ( en taxi) fare, customer

cliente asiduo or habitual — regular customer (o client etc)

* * *

= client, customer, patron, visitor, browser, client, punter, hotel guest.

Nota: De hotel.

Ex. Regular monthly outputs can be supplied, or other arrangements can be made to suit the client.

Ex. New data base items are sent to customers on magnetic tape.

Ex. The level of specificity that is desirable in any index is a function of the collection being indexed, its use and its patrons.

Ex. In all 20 per cent of visitors went out of the bookshop with a book they had intended to buy, 15 per cent went out with a book they had not intended to buy and 67 went out with both intended and unintended purchases.

Ex. In the Internet, a browser is a client program that is used to look at various kinds of Internet resources.

Ex. In the Internet, a client is a software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a server software program on another computer, often across a great distance.

Ex. It could mean simply the ability of the punter to move between pieces of information in much the same way as he or she uses the remote controller to change channels on analogue television.

Ex. Hotel guests not only steal towels and toiletries, but some of them even take home unusual objects like sex toys, stuffed animals and toilet seats.

----

* arquitectura cliente-servidor = client-server architecture.

* atención al cliente = customer care, customer support.

* atención personal al cliente = personal selling.

* centrado en el cliente = customer-centred [customer-centered, USA].

* cliente de hotel = hotel guest.

* cliente fijo = loyalty of custom.

* cliente habitual = habitué.

* cliente leal = loyal customer.

* cliente satisfecho = satisfied customer.

* cliente-servidor = client-server.

* cliente web = WWW browser, Web browser.

* departamento de atención al cliente = customer service department.

* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.

* facturar a los clientes = bill + clients.

* lealtad del cliente = customer loyalty.

* para atraer al cliente = window dressing.

* programa cliente = browser.

* ser cliente de una tienda = patronise + shop.

* servicio de atención al cliente = customer service, service department.

* servicio de atención al cliente en su propio automóvil = drive-through (drive-thru).

* servicio de atención al cliente por teléfono = call centre.

* tecnología cliente-servidor = client-server technology.

* * *

- ta masculino, femenino (de tienda, de restaurante) customer; (de empresa, de abogado) client, customer; ( de hotel) guest; ( en taxi) fare, customer

cliente asiduo or habitual — regular customer (o client etc)

* * *

= client, customer, patron, visitor, browser, client, punter, hotel guest.

Nota: De hotel.

Ex: Regular monthly outputs can be supplied, or other arrangements can be made to suit the client.

Ex: New data base items are sent to customers on magnetic tape.

Ex: The level of specificity that is desirable in any index is a function of the collection being indexed, its use and its patrons.

Ex: In all 20 per cent of visitors went out of the bookshop with a book they had intended to buy, 15 per cent went out with a book they had not intended to buy and 67 went out with both intended and unintended purchases.

Ex: In the Internet, a browser is a client program that is used to look at various kinds of Internet resources.

Ex: In the Internet, a client is a software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a server software program on another computer, often across a great distance.

Ex: It could mean simply the ability of the punter to move between pieces of information in much the same way as he or she uses the remote controller to change channels on analogue television.

Ex: Hotel guests not only steal towels and toiletries, but some of them even take home unusual objects like sex toys, stuffed animals and toilet seats.

* arquitectura cliente-servidor = client-server architecture.

* atención al cliente = customer care, customer support.

* atención personal al cliente = personal selling.

* centrado en el cliente = customer-centred [customer-centered, USA].

* cliente de hotel = hotel guest.

* cliente fijo = loyalty of custom.

* cliente habitual = habitué.

* cliente leal = loyal customer.

* cliente satisfecho = satisfied customer.

* cliente-servidor = client-server.

* cliente web = WWW browser, Web browser.

* departamento de atención al cliente = customer service department.

* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.

* facturar a los clientes = bill + clients.

* lealtad del cliente = customer loyalty.

* para atraer al cliente = window dressing.

* programa cliente = browser.

* ser cliente de una tienda = patronise + shop.

* servicio de atención al cliente = customer service, service department.

* servicio de atención al cliente en su propio automóvil = drive-through (drive-thru).

* servicio de atención al cliente por teléfono = call centre.

* tecnología cliente-servidor = client-server technology.

* * *

cliente -ta

masculine, feminine

1 (de una tienda) customer; (de una empresa) client, customer; (de un restaurante) customer, patron; (de un hotel) guest; (de un abogado, arquitecto) client; (en un taxi) fare, customer

cliente asiduo or habitual regular customer ( o client etc)

2

cliente masculine ( Inf) client

* * *

cliente
◊ -ta sustantivo masculino, femenino (de tienda, restaurante) customer;

(de empresa, abogado) client;
( de hotel) guest;
( en taxi) fare, customer;
◊ cliente habitual regular customer (o client etc)

cliente mf client, customer

' cliente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- alquilar
- asidua
- asiduo
- dirigirse
- habitual
- huésped
- huéspeda
- parroquiana
- parroquiano
- atender
- casero
- fijo
- servicio
English:
attend to
- big
- caller
- client
- customer
- guest
- major
- patron
- patronize
- prospective
- punter
- regular
- serve
- service
- soliciting
- support
- visitor
- with
- custom
- customize
- loyalty
- now
- please
- prospect

* * *

cliente, -a

♦ nm,f
[de tienda, garaje, bar] customer; [de banco, abogado] client; [de hotel] guest;
perder/ganar un cliente to lose/gain a customer/client;

un cliente habitual a regular customer/client/guest;

el cliente siempre tiene razón the customer is always right

♦ nm
Informát client
* * *

cliente

m/f de tienda customer; de empresa client

* * *

cliente, -ta n

: customer, client

* * *

cliente n

1. (en tienda, etc) customer

2. (de una empresa) client

Spanish-English dictionary > cliente
25 comenzar

v.

to start, to begin.

comenzar diciendo que… to start o begin by saying that…

comenzar a hacer algo to start doing o to do something

comenzar por hacer algo to begin by doing something

“hiena” comienza por hache “hyena” starts with an “h”

el partido comenzó tarde the game started late

La fiesta empezó tarde The party began late.

* * *

comenzar

Conjugation model [ EMPEZAR], like link=empezar empezar

► verbo transitivo

1 to begin, start

► verbo intransitivo

1 to begin, start

■ comenzó a reír he began to laugh, he began laughing

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

comenzar con to begin with

comenzar + gerund to start by + gerund

■ comenzó explicando... he started by explaining...

comenzar por + inf to begin by +-ing

■ comenzó por decir que... he began by saying that...

comenzar por el principio to begin at the beginning, start at the beginning

————————

comenzar

to start by + gerund

■ comenzó explicando... he started by explaining...

* * *

verb

to begin, start

* * *

1.

VT to begin, start, commence frm

comenzamos el rodaje ayer — we began o started o commenced frm filming yesterday

comenzó la charla con un agradecimiento — she began o started the talk with a word of thanks

comenzó su carrera literaria hace dos décadas — she began her literary career two decades ago

la empresa comienza la construcción hoy — the company starts the construction work today

hemos comenzado mal el año — we started the year badly

comenzamos el recorrido en la iglesia — we start our trip at the church

2.

VI [proyecto, campaña, historia, proceso] to begin, start

¿puedo comenzar? — may I start o begin?, can I start o begin?

el partido comienza a las ocho — the match starts o begins at eight

comenzó diciendo que estaba de acuerdo conmigo — she began by saying that she agreed with me

comenzó a los diez años haciendo recados — he began o started at the age of ten as a messenger boy

al comenzar el año — at the start o beginning of the year

• comenzar a hacer algo — to start o begin doing sth, start o begin to do sth

la nieve comenzó a caer de nuevo — the snow started falling again, the snow began to fall again

comencé a trabajar a los dieciocho años — I started o began working at eighteen

podéis comenzar a comer — you can start eating

los invitados ya han comenzado a llegar — the guests have started arriving o to arrive

aquel día comenzó a tener problemas con el oído — that day she began having trouble with her hearing

• comenzar con algo, la película comienza con una pelea — the film starts o begins with a fight

• para comenzar — to start with

para comenzar, una sopa de verduras — to start with, vegetable soup

• comenzar por, no sé por dónde comenzar — I don't know where to start o begin

la reforma ha comenzado por la educación — reform has started o begun with education

comenzó por agradecernos nuestra presencia — she started o began by thanking us for coming

para sentirte mejor, comienza por comer bien — in order to feel better, start by eating well

su nombre comienza por m — his name begins with m

todos sois culpables, comenzando por ti — you're all guilty, starting with you

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo to begin, commence (frml)
2.
comenzar vi to begin

al comenzar el día — at the beginning of the day

comenzar + ger — to begin by -ing

comenzar a + inf — to start -ing o to + inf

comenzaron a disparar — they started firing o to fire

comenzar por algo — to begin with something

comenzar POR + inf — to begin by -ing

* * *

= begin, commence, get + started, launch, set about + Gerundio, start, start off, start out, start + Posesivo + life, curtain + rise, enter, kick off, set out, take + flight, get + Nombre + underway, be scheduled to start, get + Posesivo + feet wet, set in, cut + Posesivo + spurs.

Nota: Generalmente un oficio o profesión.

Ex. This section has begun to demonstrate some of the problems associated with the author approach.

Ex. This stop list is input to the computer before indexing can commence, and is a list of the words which appear in text which have no value as access words in an index.

Ex. 'We'll get started as soon as everyone arrives,' the executive director shook her hand and smiled graciously.

Ex. It describes an attempt by leaders in the CD-ROM business to launch a logical file structure standard for CD-ROM.

Ex. The CRG set about trying to define a series of integrative levels upon which it would be possible to base the main classes and their order for a new general classification scheme.

Ex. Over the past two to three years the numbers of full text data bases and data banks has started to escalate considerably.

Ex. If you establish a principle of using the national language, where do you start off?.

Ex. The preliminary discussions and proposals which led up to the AACR, did start out with an attempt to fashion an ideology, a philosophical context, for those rules.

Ex. In effect, the book started its life rather more as a light entertainment middle-of-the-range hardback autobiography but popular acclaim turned it into a huge mass-market paperback success.

Ex. One of the main contributions in this issue is 'Future directions: the curtain rises on interactive video,' by David Hon.

Ex. Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.

Ex. The article is entitled 'The bucks start here: ALA kicks off library funding campaign'.

Ex. The person seeking information needs to have all the necessary documentation before setting out, otherwise it could result in considerable expense and much time wasting.

Ex. The article 'ALA campaign takes flight
the local level' reports on a five year public education programme sponsored by the American Library Association to promote all types of libraries throughout the USA.

Ex. The author describes two surveys which the IFLA Section has been involved in to acquire the information necessary to get the project underway.

Ex. CAPTAIN is scheduled to start commercial services in 1983.

Ex. Coming clean to voters is something she's gonna have to get used to if she is really serious about getting her feet wet in elected politics.

Ex. Open or compound fractures were usually fatal prior to the advent of antiseptics in the 1860s because infection would set in.

Ex. Lorene, who cut her spurs fighting for equal pay, said she was `absolutely gobsmacked' at having won the award.

----

* al comenzar = at startup.

* comenzar a = be on + Posesivo + way to.

* comenzar a arder = catch on + fire.

* comenzar Algo = get + Nombre + started.

* comenzar Algo con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.

* comenzar a luchar contra = begin + war on.

* comenzar a pensar en = turn + Posesivo + mind to.

* comenzar a reír = break into + laugh.

* comenzar bien = get off to + a (good/great) start, make + a good start.

* comenzar con buen pie = start + Nombre + on the right footing.

* comenzar de cero = begin + from scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again, recommence, make + a new start, start over, make + a fresh start.

* comenzar desde = set out from.

* comenzar desde cero = start at + ground zero.

* comenzar desde la base = start at + ground zero.

* comenzar el turno de trabajo = go on + duty.

* comenzar lento = be slow off the mark, be slow off the blocks.

* comenzar muy rápido = be off to a fast start.

* comenzar partiendo de cero = build + from scratch.

* comenzar por el principio = start from + scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.

* comenzar pronto = make + an early start.

* comenzar rápido = be quick off the mark, be quick off the blocks.

* comenzar temprano = get off to + an early start.

* comenzar una nueva vida = make + a new life for + Reflexivo.

* para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo to begin, commence (frml)
2.
comenzar vi to begin

al comenzar el día — at the beginning of the day

comenzar + ger — to begin by -ing

comenzar a + inf — to start -ing o to + inf

comenzaron a disparar — they started firing o to fire

comenzar por algo — to begin with something

comenzar POR + inf — to begin by -ing

* * *

= begin, commence, get + started, launch, set about + Gerundio, start, start off, start out, start + Posesivo + life, curtain + rise, enter, kick off, set out, take + flight, get + Nombre + underway, be scheduled to start, get + Posesivo + feet wet, set in, cut + Posesivo + spurs.

Nota: Generalmente un oficio o profesión.

Ex: This section has begun to demonstrate some of the problems associated with the author approach.

Ex: This stop list is input to the computer before indexing can commence, and is a list of the words which appear in text which have no value as access words in an index.

Ex: 'We'll get started as soon as everyone arrives,' the executive director shook her hand and smiled graciously.

Ex: It describes an attempt by leaders in the CD-ROM business to launch a logical file structure standard for CD-ROM.

Ex: The CRG set about trying to define a series of integrative levels upon which it would be possible to base the main classes and their order for a new general classification scheme.

Ex: Over the past two to three years the numbers of full text data bases and data banks has started to escalate considerably.

Ex: If you establish a principle of using the national language, where do you start off?.

Ex: The preliminary discussions and proposals which led up to the AACR, did start out with an attempt to fashion an ideology, a philosophical context, for those rules.

Ex: In effect, the book started its life rather more as a light entertainment middle-of-the-range hardback autobiography but popular acclaim turned it into a huge mass-market paperback success.

Ex: One of the main contributions in this issue is 'Future directions: the curtain rises on interactive video,' by David Hon.

Ex: Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.

Ex: The article is entitled 'The bucks start here: ALA kicks off library funding campaign'.

Ex: The person seeking information needs to have all the necessary documentation before setting out, otherwise it could result in considerable expense and much time wasting.

Ex: The article 'ALA campaign takes flight \@ the local level' reports on a five year public education programme sponsored by the American Library Association to promote all types of libraries throughout the USA.

Ex: The author describes two surveys which the IFLA Section has been involved in to acquire the information necessary to get the project underway.

Ex: CAPTAIN is scheduled to start commercial services in 1983.

Ex: Coming clean to voters is something she's gonna have to get used to if she is really serious about getting her feet wet in elected politics.

Ex: Open or compound fractures were usually fatal prior to the advent of antiseptics in the 1860s because infection would set in.

Ex: Lorene, who cut her spurs fighting for equal pay, said she was `absolutely gobsmacked' at having won the award.

* al comenzar = at startup.

* comenzar a = be on + Posesivo + way to.

* comenzar a arder = catch on + fire.

* comenzar Algo = get + Nombre + started.

* comenzar Algo con buen pie = start + Nombre + off on the right foot.

* comenzar a luchar contra = begin + war on.

* comenzar a pensar en = turn + Posesivo + mind to.

* comenzar a reír = break into + laugh.

* comenzar bien = get off to + a (good/great) start, make + a good start.

* comenzar con buen pie = start + Nombre + on the right footing.

* comenzar de cero = begin + from scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again, recommence, make + a new start, start over, make + a fresh start.

* comenzar desde = set out from.

* comenzar desde cero = start at + ground zero.

* comenzar desde la base = start at + ground zero.

* comenzar el turno de trabajo = go on + duty.

* comenzar lento = be slow off the mark, be slow off the blocks.

* comenzar muy rápido = be off to a fast start.

* comenzar partiendo de cero = build + from scratch.

* comenzar por el principio = start from + scratch, start from + scratch, start at + ground zero.

* comenzar pronto = make + an early start.

* comenzar rápido = be quick off the mark, be quick off the blocks.

* comenzar temprano = get off to + an early start.

* comenzar una nueva vida = make + a new life for + Reflexivo.

* para comenzar diremos que = to begin with.

* * *

comenzar [A6 ]

vt

to begin, commence ( frml)

■ comenzar

vi

to begin

al comenzar el día at the beginning of the day

comenzaré contigo I will begin o start with you

comenzar + GER to begin BY -ING

comenzó diciendo que … she began o ( frml) commenced by saying that …

comenzar A + INF:

comenzaron a disparar they started firing o to fire, they opened fire

comenzar POR algo to begin WITH sth

comencemos por la catedral let us begin with the cathedral

comenzar POR + INF to begin BY -ING

comenzaron por amenazarme they began by threatening me

* * *

comenzar ( conjugate comenzar) verbo transitivo
to begin, commence (frml)
verbo intransitivo
to begin;
◊ al comenzar el día at the beginning of the day;

comenzar haciendo algo/por hacer algo to begin by doing sth;
comenzar a hacer algo to start doing o to do sth;
comenzaron a disparar they started firing o to fire;
comenzar por algo to begin with sth
comenzar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to begin, start
(a realizar una acción) comenzó a decir barbaridades, he started talking nonsense
(una serie de acciones) comenzamos por mostrar nuestro desacuerdo, we started by showing our disagreement ➣ Ver nota en begin y start

' comenzar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
balbucear
- desencadenarse
- despuntar
- entrar
- iniciarse
- comience
English:
afresh
- begin
- come on
- commence
- dawn
- emigrate
- foot
- go-ahead
- open
- set in
- start
- start off

* * *

comenzar

♦ vt

to start, to begin;

comenzar diciendo que… to start o begin by saying that…

♦ vi

to start, to begin;

comenzar a hacer algo to start doing o to do sth;

comenzar por hacer algo to begin by doing sth;

“hiena” comienza por hache “hyena” starts with an “h”;

el partido comenzó tarde the game started late

* * *

comenzar

v/t begin

* * *

comenzar {29} v

empezar: to begin, to start

* * *

comenzar vb to start / to begin [pt. began; pp. begun]

el curso comienza en octubre the course starts in October

Spanish-English dictionary > comenzar
26 funcionalidad

f.

1 functional qualities.

2 functionality, capability, feature, function.

3 functionability, operativeness.

* * *

funcionalidad

► nombre femenino

1 functionality

* * *

SF functional nature

* * *

femenino

un edificio de gran funcionalidad — a highly functional building

* * *

= functionality, usability, operativeness.

Ex. This article describes the functionality of CARL software for this purpose, loads a brief rundown of data bases, and gives the criteria for selecting data bases.

Ex. In general an online catalog possesses high usability, indeed far greater usability than does a bookform or card catalog.

Ex. The results seem to confirm that the definitions have a good level of operativeness.

----

* desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.

* * *

femenino

un edificio de gran funcionalidad — a highly functional building

* * *

= functionality, usability, operativeness.

Ex: This article describes the functionality of CARL software for this purpose, loads a brief rundown of data bases, and gives the criteria for selecting data bases.

Ex: In general an online catalog possesses high usability, indeed far greater usability than does a bookform or card catalog.

Ex: The results seem to confirm that the definitions have a good level of operativeness.

* desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.

* * *

funcionalidad

feminine

un edificio de gran funcionalidad a highly functional building

ofrece toda la funcionalidad propia de un ordenador personal it has all the functions of a personal computer

* * *

funcionalidad nf

1. [cualidad] functional qualities;

este mueble no tiene mucha funcionalidad this piece of furniture is not very practical;

su reducido tamaño añade funcionalidad its smaller size makes it more practical

2. Informát [de aplicación, sitio web] functionality

* * *

funcionalidad

f functional nature; de software functionality;

una lavadora de excelente funcionalidad an extremely functional washing machine

Spanish-English dictionary > funcionalidad
27 igualmente

adv.

1 also, likewise (also).

2 the same to you, likewise.

3 equally, alike, too, as well.

intj.

1 just the same.

2 the same to you.

* * *

igualmente

► adverbio

1 (del mismo modo) equally

■ es igualmente usual que... it is just as usual that...

2 (también) likewise; (a pesar de ello) all the same, still

■ se refirió igualmente a... he also referred to...

■ aunque no te hayan invitado puedes venir igualmente even though you haven't been invited you can still come

3 (como respuesta) the same to you

■ ¡que haya suerte! --¡igualmente! good luck! --the same to you!

* * *

adv.

1) equally

2) likewise

* * *

ADV

1) (=del mismo modo) equally

todos mis estudiantes son igualmente vagos — all my students are equally lazy, my students are all as lazy as each other

aunque se lo prohíbas, lo hará igualmente — even if you tell him not to, he'll do it anyway o just the same

2) (=también) likewise

igualmente, los pensionistas quedan exentos — likewise, pensioners are exempt

3) [en saludo] likewise, the same to you

-¡Feliz Navidad! -gracias, igualmente — "Happy Christmas!" - "thanks, likewise o the same to you"

-muchos recuerdos a tus padres -gracias, igualmente — "give my regards to your parents" - "I will, and to yours too"

4) (=uniformemente) evenly

* * *

adverbio

a) ( en fórmulas de cortesía)

que lo pases muy bien - igualmente — have a great time - you too o and you

saludos a tu mujer - gracias, igualmente — give my regards to your wife - thanks, and to yours (too)

b) <bueno/malo> equally

c) (frml) ( también) likewise

* * *

= as well, for that matter, likewise, similarly, correspondingly, equally, just as importantly, equally importantly, as importantly, so too, in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, same here, me too, in like vein.

Ex. Again, the following statement is appropriate: A is permitted, but consider B or C or... N, as well or instead.

Ex. A machine-readable national data base, or for that matter any catalog, should be capable of existing in time.

Ex. 'Bearings' are part of the Key system 'Dynamos', and thus may be denoted by (p), thus (p) Bearings and likewise (p) Diameter.

Ex. Thus the electronic journal (e-journal) is a concept where scientists are able to input ideas and text to a computer data base for their colleagues to view, and similarly to view the work of others.

Ex. For supercomputers the number of sales is at a much lower level, but the unit prices are correspondingly higher.

Ex. Porous Bavarian limestone was used as this absorbs grease and water equally.

Ex. And, just as importantly, computers have assumed an increasingly pervasive role in industrial automation.

Ex. Equally importantly, it strives to reflect the latest developments in the field of cooperative activities.

Ex. As importantly, I also want to look at the medium term management problems relating to the delivery of digital libraries.

Ex. Quality is important but so too is hard statistical evidence of the library's productivity.

Ex. In like manner, new books do not generally replace old ones in libraries.

Ex. The author suggests that certain types of people are attracted to certain occupations, and that people who choose the same occupation tend to behave in a like manner within their occupational group.

Ex. Since Michigan's pioneering move, two other schools have re-baptized themselves in like fashion.

Ex. Same here. I mean, I personally think that there is some divine power somewhere.

Ex. Unfortunately, this approach results mostly in ' me too' behavior and very little that's new.

Ex. Other old crones added their ribaldries in like vein, amusing everyone but the young couple.

* * *

adverbio

a) ( en fórmulas de cortesía)

que lo pases muy bien - igualmente — have a great time - you too o and you

saludos a tu mujer - gracias, igualmente — give my regards to your wife - thanks, and to yours (too)

b) <bueno/malo> equally

c) (frml) ( también) likewise

* * *

= as well, for that matter, likewise, similarly, correspondingly, equally, just as importantly, equally importantly, as importantly, so too, in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, same here, me too, in like vein.

Ex: Again, the following statement is appropriate: A is permitted, but consider B or C or... N, as well or instead.

Ex: A machine-readable national data base, or for that matter any catalog, should be capable of existing in time.

Ex: 'Bearings' are part of the Key system 'Dynamos', and thus may be denoted by (p), thus (p) Bearings and likewise (p) Diameter.

Ex: Thus the electronic journal (e-journal) is a concept where scientists are able to input ideas and text to a computer data base for their colleagues to view, and similarly to view the work of others.

Ex: For supercomputers the number of sales is at a much lower level, but the unit prices are correspondingly higher.

Ex: Porous Bavarian limestone was used as this absorbs grease and water equally.

Ex: And, just as importantly, computers have assumed an increasingly pervasive role in industrial automation.

Ex: Equally importantly, it strives to reflect the latest developments in the field of cooperative activities.

Ex: As importantly, I also want to look at the medium term management problems relating to the delivery of digital libraries.

Ex: Quality is important but so too is hard statistical evidence of the library's productivity.

Ex: In like manner, new books do not generally replace old ones in libraries.

Ex: The author suggests that certain types of people are attracted to certain occupations, and that people who choose the same occupation tend to behave in a like manner within their occupational group.

Ex: Since Michigan's pioneering move, two other schools have re-baptized themselves in like fashion.

Ex: Same here. I mean, I personally think that there is some divine power somewhere.

Ex: Unfortunately, this approach results mostly in ' me too' behavior and very little that's new.

Ex: Other old crones added their ribaldries in like vein, amusing everyone but the young couple.

* * *

igualmente

adverb

A

(en fórmulas de cortesía): que lo pases muy bien — igualmente have a great time — you too o and you

saludos a tu mujer — gracias, igualmente give my regards to your wife — thanks, and to yours (too)

feliz Año Nuevo — gracias, igualmente Happy New Year — thanks, the same to you

B ‹bueno/malo› equally

hay cinco candidatos, todos igualmente malos there are five candidates, all equally bad o all as bad as each other

C ( frml) (también) likewise

* * *

igualmente adverbio
a) ( en fórmulas de cortesía):

◊ que lo pases muy bien — igualmente have a great time — you too o and you

b) ‹bueno/malo› equally

c) (frml) ( también) likewise

igualmente adverbio
1 (por igual) equally: las dos hipótesis son igualmente probables, the two hypotheses are equally possible
2 (del mismo modo, lo mismo digo) fam ¡estás preciosa! - ¡igualmente!, you look great!- you too!
¡gracias! - ¡igualmente!, thank you! - the same to you!
3 (también) also, likewise: ... el siguiente caso es igualmente incurable,... the next case is also incurable
' igualmente' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ver
- asimismo
English:
alike
- equally
- same
- similarly

* * *

igualmente adv

1. [de manera igual] equally;

la riqueza no está repartida igualmente wealth is not distributed equally;

dos proyectos igualmente importantes two equally important projects

2. [también] also, likewise;

ofreció igualmente dar asilo a los refugiados he also o likewise offered to grant the refugees asylum;

igualmente, querría recordar a nuestro querido maestro I would also like us to remember our much-loved teacher

3. [fórmula de cortesía]
que pases un buen fin de semana – igualmente have a good weekend – you too;

que aproveche – igualmente enjoy your meal – you too;

¡Feliz Navidad! – igualmente Merry Christmas! – same to you!;

encantado de conocerlo – igualmente pleased to meet you – likewise;

recuerdos a tu madre – gracias, igualmente give my regards to your mother – thanks, give mine to yours too

* * *

igualmente

adv equally

* * *

igualmente adv

1) : equally

2) asimismo: likewise

* * *

igualmente¹ adv equally

igualmente² interj the same to you! / you too!

¡que vaya bien! ¡Igualmente! all the best! The same to you!

Spanish-English dictionary > igualmente
28 manipulación

f.

1 manipulation, handling, maneuvering, materials handling.

2 materials handling, handling, management.

* * *

manipulación

► nombre femenino

1 (ilícita) manipulation

2 (de alimentos) handling

3 (de una máquina) use, operation

4 TÉCNICA manipulation

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

manipulación de alimentos food handling

* * *

noun f.

manipulation

* * *

SF

1) (=manejo) [de alimentos] handling; [de pieza, máquina] manipulation

2) [de información, resultados] manipulation

manipulación genética — genetic manipulation

3) (Med) manipulation

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de alimentos) handling

b) ( de máquina) operation, use

2) (de persona, de información, datos) manipulation

* * *

= depression, manipulation, manoeuvring [menoeuvering, -USA], tweaking, tweak.

Ex. When one is in place, the depression of a lever causes it to be photographed onto the next blank space.

Ex. Indexing may rely upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.

Ex. This process has become a source of frustration and time-consuming, bureaucratic manoeuvering which appears to be the bane of acquisitions librarians everywhere.

Ex. The PCC intends that Program records, full or core, represent acceptable bibliographic control such that record ' tweaking' at the local level is minimized.

Ex. This system simultaneously searches the Web and a large, multidisciplinary, full text database, using a relevance system with some clever tweaks.

----

* manipulación de datos = data manipulation.

* manipulación de precios = price-fixing.

* manipulación genética = genetic manipulation.

* manipulación mental = mind control.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de alimentos) handling

b) ( de máquina) operation, use

2) (de persona, de información, datos) manipulation

* * *

= depression, manipulation, manoeuvring [menoeuvering, -USA], tweaking, tweak.

Ex: When one is in place, the depression of a lever causes it to be photographed onto the next blank space.

Ex: Indexing may rely upon the facilities for the manipulation and ordering of data offered by the computer.

Ex: This process has become a source of frustration and time-consuming, bureaucratic manoeuvering which appears to be the bane of acquisitions librarians everywhere.

Ex: The PCC intends that Program records, full or core, represent acceptable bibliographic control such that record ' tweaking' at the local level is minimized.

Ex: This system simultaneously searches the Web and a large, multidisciplinary, full text database, using a relevance system with some clever tweaks.

* manipulación de datos = data manipulation.

* manipulación de precios = price-fixing.

* manipulación genética = genetic manipulation.

* manipulación mental = mind control.

* * *

manipulación

feminine

A

1 (de alimentos) handling

2 (de una máquina) operation, use

B

1 (de una persona) manipulation

2 (de información, datos) manipulation

ha habido una evidente manipulación de las cifras the figures have obviously been manipulated o massaged

Compuesto:

manipulación genética

genetic manipulation

* * *

manipulación sustantivo femenino manipulation
' manipulación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
homologación
- trasteo
English:
manipulation

* * *

manipulación nf

1. [de objeto] handling;

manipulación de alimentos food handling;

la manipulación del aparato invalida la garantía any interference with the device invalidates the guarantee

Comp
manipulación genética genetic modification
2. [de persona, datos] manipulation;

denunció la manipulación de sus declaraciones he claimed his statements had been distorted

* * *

manipulación

f

1 de información, persona manipulation

2 ( manejo) handling

* * *

manipulación nf, pl - ciones : manipulation

Spanish-English dictionary > manipulación
29 moderar

v.

1 to moderate.

modere el consumo de alcohol you should try to avoid drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

modere su velocidad reduce speed (en cartel)

2 to chair (debate).

* * *

moderar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to moderate; (velocidad) to reduce

► verbo pronominal moderarse

1 to control oneself

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

moderarse en las palabras to measure one's words, mind what one says

* * *

verb

to moderate

* * *

1. VT

1) (=controlar)

a) [+ impulsos, emociones] to restrain, control; [+ violencia, deseo] to curb, control; [+ ambición, opiniones, actitud] to moderate

lo convencieron para que moderara su postura — they persuaded him to moderate his position

he tenido que moderar mis aspiraciones — I've had to lower my sights

b) [+ palabras, lenguaje, tono] to tone down, mind

ambos líderes han ido moderando su lenguaje — both leaders have gradually toned down their language

por favor, caballero, modere sus palabras — please, sir, mind your language

moderen su lenguaje en este tribunal — I will not have such language in court

2) (=reducir) [+ gastos, consumo] to cut, reduce; [+ velocidad] to reduce; [+ tensión] to ease

medidas para moderar la inflación — measures to curb o cut o reduce inflation

modere su velocidad — reduce your speed, slow down
marcha 3)
3) [+ debate, coloquio] to chair, moderate

la mesa redonda fue moderada por Jesús Sánchez — the round table was chaired by Jesús Sánchez

2.

See:

moderarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <impulsos/aspiraciones> to curb, moderate

b) <vocabulario/palabras>

por favor modera tu vocabulario — please mind your language

trata de moderar tus palabras — try to tone down your language

modera el tonito — don't use that tone of voice with me

c) <gasto/consumo> to curb; < velocidad> to reduce

2) <debate/coloquio> to moderate, chair
2.
moderarse v pron

modérate, estás comiendo mucho — restrain yourself o (colloq) go easy, you're eating too much

modérate, no hables así — control yourself, don't talk like that

moderarse en los gastos — to cut down on spending

* * *

= temper, tone down, moderate, lower.

Ex. This advantage must be tempered by the fact that the standard centrally produced record may not always be consistent with local requirements.

Ex. We found an increasing trend toward a more structured approach in data gathering procedures, while loose data collection was toned down significantly.

Ex. The effect of using the system is moderated by 2 variable, the level of experience of the person completing the task, and the status of the client.

Ex. When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.

----

* moderar la velocidad = slow down.

* moderar + Posesivo + aspiraciones = lower + Posesivo + sights.

* moderar + Posesivo + pretensiones = lower + Posesivo + sights.

* moderarse = hold back on.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) <impulsos/aspiraciones> to curb, moderate

b) <vocabulario/palabras>

por favor modera tu vocabulario — please mind your language

trata de moderar tus palabras — try to tone down your language

modera el tonito — don't use that tone of voice with me

c) <gasto/consumo> to curb; < velocidad> to reduce

2) <debate/coloquio> to moderate, chair
2.
moderarse v pron

modérate, estás comiendo mucho — restrain yourself o (colloq) go easy, you're eating too much

modérate, no hables así — control yourself, don't talk like that

moderarse en los gastos — to cut down on spending

* * *

= temper, tone down, moderate, lower.

Ex: This advantage must be tempered by the fact that the standard centrally produced record may not always be consistent with local requirements.

Ex: We found an increasing trend toward a more structured approach in data gathering procedures, while loose data collection was toned down significantly.

Ex: The effect of using the system is moderated by 2 variable, the level of experience of the person completing the task, and the status of the client.

Ex: When a forme was in place on the press stone, paper was lowered on to it by means of a tympan and frisket.

* moderar la velocidad = slow down.

* moderar + Posesivo + aspiraciones = lower + Posesivo + sights.

* moderar + Posesivo + pretensiones = lower + Posesivo + sights.

* moderarse = hold back on.

* * *

moderar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 ‹impulsos/aspiraciones› to curb, moderate

2 ‹palabras/vocabulario›

por favor modera tu vocabulario please mind your language

modera el tonito don't use that tone of voice with me

3 ‹gasto/consumo› to curb; ‹velocidad› to reduce

moderaron la velocidad they slowed down, they reduced their speed

tenemos que moderar el consumo de energía we have to curb o reduce energy consumption

B ‹debate/coloquio› to moderate, chair

■ moderarse

v pron

modérate, estás comiendo demasiado restrain yourself o ( colloq) go easy, you're eating too much

modérate, no hables así calm down o control yourself, don't talk like that

este mes tendremos que moderarnos en los gastos this month we'll have to cut down on our spending

* * *

moderar ( conjugate moderar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ‹impulsos/aspiraciones› to curb, moderate;

◊ por favor modera tu vocabulario please mind your language

b) ‹gasto/consumo› to curb;

‹ velocidad› to reduce
2 ‹debate/coloquio› to moderate, chair
moderarse verbo pronominal:
◊ modérate, estás comiendo mucho restrain yourself o (colloq) go easy, you're eating too much;

moderarse en los gastos to cut down on spending
moderar verbo transitivo
1 to moderate: tienes que moderar esos hábitos, you have to kick your bad habits
2 (velocidad) to reduce: al llegar a la curva, modere la velocidad, slow down at the curve
3 (una discusión) to chair: tengo que moderar un debate en el Ateneo, I have to chair a debate at the Ateneo

' moderar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
templar
- atenuar
English:
chair
- moderate
- modify
- hold
- tone

* * *

moderar

♦ vt

1. [templar, atenuar] to moderate;

le pidieron que moderara su estilo agresivo he was asked to tone down his aggressive style;

modere el consumo de alcohol you should try to avoid drinking excessive amounts of alcohol

2. [velocidad] to reduce;

modere su velocidad [en cartel] reduce speed

3. [debate] to chair, to facilitate

4. [contener] to contain, to restrain;

moderar las pasiones to contain one's passions

♦ See also the pronominal verb moderarse

* * *

moderar

v/t

1 exigencias moderate; impulsos control, restrain

2 velocidad, gastos reduce

3 debate chair

* * *

moderar vt

1) temperar: to temper, to moderate

2) : to curb, to reduce

moderar gastos: to curb spending

3) presidir: to chair (a meeting)

♦ See also the reflexive verb moderarse

Spanish-English dictionary > moderar
30 por

prep.

1 because of (causa).

por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me

¿por qué? why?

¿por qué lo dijo? why did she say it?

¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?

¿por? (informal) why?

se enfadó por tu comportamiento she got angry because of your behavior

lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love

2 (in order) to.

lo hizo por complacerte he did it to please you

lo hice por ella I did it for her

3 by (medio, modo, agente).

por mensajero/fax/teléfono by courier/fax/telephone

estuvimos hablando por teléfono we were talking on the phone

por escrito in writing

lo cogieron por el brazo they took him by the arm

el récord fue batido por el atleta the record was broken by the athlete

4 through.

vamos por aquí/allí let's go this/that way

iba paseando por el bosque/la calle she was walking through the forest/along the street

pasar por la aduana to go through customs

5 for (a cambio de, en lugar de).

lo ha comprado por poco dinero she bought it for very little

cambió el coche por la moto he exchanged his car for a motorbike

él lo hará por mí he'll do it for me

6 per.

80 céntimos por unidad 80 cents each

mil unidades por semana a thousand units a o per week

uno por uno one by one

20 kms por hora 20 km an o per hour

7 for.

baja por tabaco go down to the shops for some cigarettes, go down to get some cigarettes

a por for

vino a por las entradas she came for the tickets

8 times, multiplied by.

* * *

por

► preposición

1 (gen) for

■ lo hice por ti I did it for you

■ lo compré por dos euros I bought it for two euros

2 (a través de) through, by

■ entra por la puerta trasera come in by the back door

■ pasamos por Valladolid we went through Valladolid

■ iremos por la autopista we'll go on the motorway

3 (calle, carretera) along, down, up

■ íbamos por la calle cuando... we were walking along the street when...

■ subí por la Calle Jovellanos I went up Jovellanos Street

4 (lugar aproximado) in, near, round

■ anda por el edificio he's somewhere in the building

■ está por la Plaza Mayor it's somewhere near the Plaza Mayor

■ está por aquí it's somewhere round here

5 (causa) because of

■ las plantas han muerto por el frío the plants have died because of the cold

■ suspendieron el concierto por la lluvia they cancelled the concert because of the rain

6 (tiempo) at, for

■ nos veremos por vacaciones I'll see you during the holidays

7 (medio) by

■ lo enviaré por avión I'll send it by air

■ está hablando por teléfono he's on the phone

■ llegó por correo it arrived by post

8 (autoría) by

■ fue escrito por Azorín it was written by Azorín

9 (distribución) per

■ cinco por ciento five per cent

■ tocamos a dieciocho euros por persona it works out at eighteen euros per person

■ iba a veinte kilómetros por hora it was going at twenty kilometres an hour

10 (tras) by

■ registraron la cárcel celda por celda they searched the prison cell by cell

■ les interrogó uno por uno he interrogated each one in turn

11 (con pasiva) by

■ fue comprado por la reina it was bought by the queen

12 (a favor de) for, in favour of, US in favor of

■ estoy por una amnistía general I'm in favour of a general amnesty

13 (en calidad de) as

■ la tomó por esposa he took her as his wife

14 (en lugar de) instead of, in the place of

■ ve tú por mi you go in my place

15 (multiplicado por) times, multiplied by

■ tres por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve, three times four is twelve

16 por adjective que no matter how adjective

■ por caro que sea, lo voy a comprar no matter how expensive it is I'm going to buy it

■ por viejo que parezca funciona even though it looks old, it still works

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

estar por + inf (a punto de) to be on the point of + - ing

estar por hacer to remain to be done, not to have been done yet

por aquí around here

por lo tanto therefore

por lo visto apparently

por más que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how much

por mucho que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how much

por mí as far as I am concerned

¿por qué? why?

por supuesto of course

por tanto therefore, so

* * *

prep.

1) for

2) during

3) by

4) through

5) along

6) around

7) per

8) from

9) because of

10) instead of

•

- ¿por qué?

- por si acaso

* * *

PREPOSICIÓN

1) [causa]

a) + sustantivo because of

tuvo que suspenderse por el mal tiempo — it had to be cancelled because of the weather

no se realizó por escasez de fondos — it didn't go ahead because of a shortage of funding

• nos encontramos por casualidad — we met by chance

• lo hago por gusto — I do it because I like to

• fue por necesidad — it was out of necessity

• por temor a — for fear of

no se lo dijo por temor a ofenderla — he didn't tell her for fear of offending her

b) + infin

no aprobó por no haber estudiado — he didn't pass because he hadn't studied

por venir tarde se perdió la mitad — because he arrived late he missed half of it

me castigaron por mentir — I was punished for lying

c) + adj

le expulsaron por revoltoso — they expelled him for being a troublemaker

lo dejó por imposible — he gave it up as (being) impossible

esto te pasa por tonto — this is what you get for being stupid

2) [objetivo]

a) + sustantivo for

trabajar por dinero — to work for money

daría lo que fuera por un poco de tranquilidad — I'd give anything for a bit of peace and quiet

brindemos por nuestro futuro — let's drink to our future

b) + infin

lo hizo por complacerle — he did it to please her

por no llegar tarde — so as not to arrive late, in order not to be late

hablar por hablar — to talk for the sake of talking

3) (=en favor, defensa de) for

lo hice por mis padres — I did it for my parents

hazlo por mí — do it for me, do it for my sake

luchar por la patria — to fight for one's country

4) [elección]

su amor por la pintura — his love of painting

está loca por ti — she's crazy about you

no sabía por cuál decidirme — I couldn't decide which to choose

5) [evidencia] judging by, judging from

por lo que dicen — judging by o from what they say

por la cara que pone no debe de gustarle — judging by o from his face I don't think he likes it

por las señas no piensa hacerlo — apparently he's not intending to do it, it doesn't seem like he's intending to do it

6) [medio]

por su propia mano — by his own hand

lo obtuve por un amigo — I got it through a friend

la conozco por mi hermano — I know her through my brother

• por correo — by post

• por mar — by sea

• hablar por señas — to use sign language

7) [agente] by

hecho por él — done by him

"dirigido por" — "directed by"

fueron apresados por la policía — they were captured by the police

8) [modo] by

me agarró por el brazo — he grabbed me by the arm

punto por punto — point by point

buscaron casa por casa — they searched house by house

están dispuestos por tamaños — they are arranged according to size o by size

• por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order

9) [lugar]

se va por ahí — it's that way

¿por dónde? — which way?

ir a Bilbao por Santander — to go to Bilbao via Santander

cruzar la frontera por Canfranc — to cross the border at Canfranc

pasar por Madrid — to go through Madrid

se asomaron por la ventana — they leaned out of the window

iban cantando por la calle — they were walking along the street singing

paseábamos por la playa — we were walking along the beach

por todas partes — everywhere

por todo el país — throughout the country

viajar por el mundo — to travel (around) the world

10) [aproximación]

busca por ahí — look over there

viven por esta zona — they live around here

por aquí cerca — near o around here

aquello ocurrió por abril — it happened around April

por la feria — round about o around carnival time

está por el norte — it's somewhere up north

11) [tiempo]

se levanta por la mañana temprano — she gets up early in the morning

por la mañana siempre tengo mucho trabajo — I always have a lot of work in o during the morning

no sale por la noche — he doesn't go out at night

12) [duración] for

será por poco tiempo — it won't be for long

se quedarán por 15 días — they will stay for a fortnight

13) [sustitución, intercambio] (=a cambio de) for; (=en lugar de) instead of

te doy este por aquel — I'll swap you this one for that one

le dieron uno nuevo por el viejo — they gave him a new one (in exchange) for the old one

lo vendí por 15 dólares — I sold it for 15 dollars

me dieron 13 francos por una libra — I got 13 francs to the pound

hoy doy yo la clase por él — today I'm giving the class for him o in his place

ha puesto B por V — he has put B instead of V

14) [representación]

hablo por todos — I speak on behalf of o for everyone

interceder por algn — to intercede on sb's behalf, intercede for sb

diputado por Madrid — a member of parliament for Madrid

vino por su jefe — he came instead of o in place of his boss

15) [distribución]

10 dólares por hora — 10 dollars an hour

80km por hora — 80km per o an hour

revoluciones por minuto — revolutions per minute

tres dólares por persona — three dollars each, three dollars per person

16) [en multiplicaciones]

cinco por tres, quince — five times three is fifteen, five threes are fifteen

mide 6 metros de alto por 4 de ancho — it is 6 metres high by 4 wide

17) (=en cuanto a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — that's fine as o so far as I'm concerned

por mí, que se vaya — as o so far as I'm concerned he can go, for all I care he can go

por mí, como si quieres pasar una semana sin comer — I don't care if you want to go for a week without eating

si por mi fuera, tú estarías trabajando — if it were o was down to me, you'd be working

18) (=como)

• tomar a algn por esposo/esposa — to take sb to be one's husband/wife

• le dan por muerto — they have given him up for dead

• le tienen por tonto — they think he's stupid

19) [concesión]
+ subjun
por (muy) difícil que sea — however hard it is o may be

por mucho que lo quisieran — however much they would like to, much as they would like to

por más que lo intente — no matter how o however hard I try, try as I might

20) [acción inacabada]
+ infin
quedan platos por lavar — there are still some dishes to do

aún me quedan tres páginas por traducir — I still have three pages left to translate

21) ir (a) por algo/algn (=en busca de) to go and get sth/sb

ha ido (a) por vino — she's gone to get some wine

voy por el médico — I'll go and fetch o get the doctor

voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him

solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money

¡a por ellos! — get them!

- ir a por todas

22) [en preguntas]
por qué why
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go
¿por? * why (do you ask)?
* * *

preposición

Sentido I

1) ( en relaciones causales) because of

lo he puesto aquí por el gato — I've put it here because of the cat

por falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money

eso te pasa por crédulo — that's what you get for being (so) gullible

por naturaleza — by nature

por necesidad — out of necessity

tanto por su precio como por su calidad — both for its price and its quality

fue por eso que vine — that was why I came

si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...

fue elogiado por su actuación — he was praised for his performance

por + inf — for -ing

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

2) ( según)

por lo que he oído — from what I've heard

por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...

3) (en locs)

por qué — why

¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

por si — in case; acaso, mosca II

4) ( en expresiones concesivas)

por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try

por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is

5)

a) ( en expresiones de modo)

colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height

por orden de altura — in order of height

por adelantado — in advance

por escrito — in writing

b) ( indicando el medio)

se lo comunicaron por teléfono — they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio — they said it on the radio

por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road

la conocí por la voz — I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend

lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way

c) (Educ) from

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford — he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

6)

a) ( en relaciones de proporción)

cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro — they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres — you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres — there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho — it's three meters long by one meter wide

es bastante por hoy — it's enough for today

uno por uno — one by one; ciento II

b) ( en multiplicaciones)

tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

7)

a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) for

su secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place

podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

es senador por Sevilla — he's a senator for Seville

b) ( como)

por ejemplo — for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

8) ( introduciendo el agente) by

compuesto por Mozart — composed by Mozart

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta — they were caught in a sudden storm

Sentido II

9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)

pelearse por algo — to fight over something

lo hace por el dinero — he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien — I'm telling you for your own good

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go

por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her

no entré por no molestar — I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him

lucharon por que se hiciera justicia — they fought for justice to be done

10) (indicando consideración, favor) for

por mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake

11) (indicando inclinación, elección)

su amor por la música — her love of music

demostró interés por el cuadro — he showed interest in the painting

no siento nada por él — I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir — I chose not to go

votó por ella — he voted for her

12) ( en busca de)

salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

13) ( en lo que respecta a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind

por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

14) ( indicando una situación pendiente)

por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer — these changes are yet to be made

eso está por ver! — we'll see about that!

15) (esp AmL)

estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)

deben (de) estar por llegar — they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir — the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)

entró por la ventana — he came in through the window

no va a pasar por la puerta — it won't go through the door

sal por aquí — go out this way

se cayó por la escalera — he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este — they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo — we took the longer route

¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

17)

a) ( expresando lugar indeterminado)

está por ahí — he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?

viven por mi barrio — they live around my area

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?

por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere

b) ( expresando lugar determinado)

corta por aquí — cut here

voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio — start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango — hold it by the handle

c) ( indicando extensión)

por todo el país — throughout the (whole) country

viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France

pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc

Sentido IV

18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)

por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time

sucedió allá por 1960 — it happened some time back around 1960

19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños — she gave it to me for my birthday

20) ( durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos — for ever and ever

por el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche

* * *

= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.

Ex. I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.

Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.

Ex. A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.

Ex. Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.

Ex. Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.

Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.

Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.

Ex. Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.

Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.

Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.

Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.

Ex. 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.

Ex. One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

Ex. Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.

Ex. Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.

Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.

Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.

----

* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.

* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).

* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.

* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.

* coger por sorpresa = catch out.

* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.

* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.

* encontrar por casualidad = come across.

* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.

* error por omisión = omission failure.

* estar por delante de = be ahead of.

* hecho por encargo = bespoke.

* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.

* leer por encima = browse.

* llamar por teléfono = call up.

* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.

* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.

* ordenado por fecha = in date order.

* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.

* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* por accidente = accidentally.

* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].

* por ahí = out there.

* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.

* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.

* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.

* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.

* por algún tiempo = for sometime.

* por allí = nearby [near-by].

* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por analogía = by analogy.

* por anticipado = in advance (of).

* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.

* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.

* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.

* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.

* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.

* por así decir = as it were.

* por boca de = by word of mouth.

* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.

* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.

* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.

* por cabeza = per person.

* por cable = wireline, corded.

* por caminos apartados = off-road.

* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.

* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).

* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.

* por coincidencia = by coincidence.

* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por completo = fully.

* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.

* por consideración a = out of respect for.

* por consideración a = out of consideration for.

* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.

* por contra = in contrast.

* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por correo = by post, mailed.

* por cortesía de = courtesy of.

* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.

* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.

* por cuanto que = because.

* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.

* por cuenta de uno = privately.

* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.

* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.

* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.

* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.

* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.

* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.

* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.

* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.

* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.

* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].

* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.

* por décadas = ten-yearly.

* por decidir = to be decided.

* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.

* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.

* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* por defecto = by default, default.

* por deferencia a = in deference to.

* por definición = by definition.

* por delante = ahead.

* por delante de = ahead of.

* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.

* por delante y por detrás = front and back.

* por dentro = inwardly.

* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.

* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.

* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.

* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por divertirse = for kicks.

* por doquier = all around.

* por dos años = two-year.

* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.

* por (el) amor a = for the love of.

* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.

* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.

* por el detalle = for detail.

* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.

* por el día o por la noche = day or night.

* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.

* por elección propia = by choice.

* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.

* por el gobierno federal = federally.

* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.

* por el hombre = humanly.

* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.

* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.

* por el modo = by the way.

* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.

* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.

* por el receptor = at the receiving end.

* por el sexo = gendered.

* por encargo = custom, bespoke.

* por encima = overhead, cursorily.

* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.

* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.

* por encima de eso = beyond that.

* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* por encima de la media = above average.

* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.

* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.

* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.

* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.

* por enfado = out of anger.

* por enojo = out of anger.

* por error = by mistake.

* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.

* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.

* por eso = on that score, therefore.

* por eso que = hence.

* por esta razón = for this reason.

* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.

* por este motivo = for this reason.

* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.

* por etapas = staged.

* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.

* por exceso = excessively, to excess.

* por explotar = untapped.

* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.

* por extensión = by extension.

* por extenso = in full, at length.

* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.

* por fases = staged.

* por favor = please.

* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].

* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.

* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).

* por frustración = out of frustration.

* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.

* por grupos = in batches.

* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por hora = hourly.

* por horas = on an hourly basis.

* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).

* por imitación = copycat.

* por incremento gradual = incremental.

* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.

* por individuo = per capita, per person.

* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.

* por instinto = instinctively.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* por investigar = unresearched.

* por invitación = invitational.

* por invitación de = at the invitation of.

* por la borda = overboard.

* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por la forma = by the way.

* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* por la fuerza = forcibly.

* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.

* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.

* por la manera = by the way.

* por la mañana = in the morning.

* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.

* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.

* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.

* por la presente = hereby.

* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.

* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.

* por las nubes = soaring.

* por la tarde = in the evening.

* por ley = mandated.

* por libre = freelance.

* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.

* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

* por lo pronto = for the time being.

* por lo que = so.

* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.

* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.

* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.

* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.

* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.

* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.

* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.

* por los suelos = in tatters.

* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.

* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.

* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.

* por mal camino = astray.

* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por materias = subject-based, topically.

* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.

* por medio = out of.

* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.

* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.

* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.

* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.

* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.

* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.

* por menús = menu-driven.

* por méritos = meritorious.

* por mes = per month.

* por miedo de = for fear of/that.

* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.

* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.

* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.

* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.

* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.

* por muchas razones = in many ways.

* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.

* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.

* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.

* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* por nada = for nothing.

* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.

* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.

* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.

* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.

* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.

* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.

* por no decir nunca = if ever.

* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.

* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.

* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.

* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.

* por no mencionar = not to mention.

* por norma = as a rule.

* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.

* por orden de = mandated.

* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.

* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.

* por orden numérico = in numerical order.

* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.

* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.

* por parejas = in pairs.

* por parte de = on the part of.

* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.

* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por pereza = lazily.

* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.

* por persona = per person.

* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por poco dinero = cheaply.

* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por poderes = by proxy.

* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.

* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.

* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.

* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.

* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.

* por principio = on principle.

* por principios = as a matter of principle.

* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.

* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.

* por pura diversión = for kicks.

* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por qué = why.

* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.

* por razones de = for the sake of.

* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.

* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.

* por razones morales = on moral grounds.

* por razones personales = for personal reasons.

* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.

* por rencor = out of spite.

* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.

* por rumores = grapevine.

* por rutina = routinely.

* por sacos = by the sackful.

* por satélite = satellite-based.

* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.

* por seguridad = for safety reasons.

* por semana = per week.

* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.

* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.

* por sexo = along gender lines.

* por si = in the chance that.

* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.

* por si casualidad = in the chance that.

* por si era poco = for good measure.

* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.

* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.

* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.

* por sí mismos = in themselves.

* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.

* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].

* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.

* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.

* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.

* por sorpresa = unawares.

* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.

* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.

* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.

* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.

* por su papel = in its role.

* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.

* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.

* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.

* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.

* por su volatilidad = mercurially.

* por su volubilidad = mercurially.

* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.

* por temas = topically.

* por temor a = for fear of/that.

* por temor a represalias = under duress.

* por término medio = on average.

* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].

* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.

* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].

* por toda la provincia = province-wide.

* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.

* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.

* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.

* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].

* por todo el continente = continent-wide.

* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].

* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.

* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.

* por todo el servicio = service-wide.

* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.

* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.

* por todos conocido = well-known.

* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.

* por todos los medios = by all means.

* por todos sitios = everywhere.

* por triplicado = in triplicate.

* por trueque = in kind.

* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.

* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.

* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.

* por unanimidad = unanimously.

* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.

* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.

* por unidad = per unit.

* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.

* por un momento = for a moment.

* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.

* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.

* por uno solo = solo.

* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.

* por un tiempo = for a time.

* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.

* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.

* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.

* por venganza = out of spite.

* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.

* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.

* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.

* transporte por tierra = land transport.

* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.

* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.

* * *

preposición

Sentido I

1) ( en relaciones causales) because of

lo he puesto aquí por el gato — I've put it here because of the cat

por falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money

eso te pasa por crédulo — that's what you get for being (so) gullible

por naturaleza — by nature

por necesidad — out of necessity

tanto por su precio como por su calidad — both for its price and its quality

fue por eso que vine — that was why I came

si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...

fue elogiado por su actuación — he was praised for his performance

por + inf — for -ing

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

2) ( según)

por lo que he oído — from what I've heard

por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...

3) (en locs)

por qué — why

¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?

por si — in case; acaso, mosca II

4) ( en expresiones concesivas)

por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try

por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is

5)

a) ( en expresiones de modo)

colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height

por orden de altura — in order of height

por adelantado — in advance

por escrito — in writing

b) ( indicando el medio)

se lo comunicaron por teléfono — they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio — they said it on the radio

por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road

la conocí por la voz — I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend

lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way

c) (Educ) from

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford — he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

6)

a) ( en relaciones de proporción)

cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro — they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres — you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres — there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho — it's three meters long by one meter wide

es bastante por hoy — it's enough for today

uno por uno — one by one; ciento II

b) ( en multiplicaciones)

tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

7)

a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) for

su secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place

podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

es senador por Sevilla — he's a senator for Seville

b) ( como)

por ejemplo — for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

8) ( introduciendo el agente) by

compuesto por Mozart — composed by Mozart

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta — they were caught in a sudden storm

Sentido II

9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)

pelearse por algo — to fight over something

lo hace por el dinero — he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien — I'm telling you for your own good

no tengo por qué ir — there's no reason why I should go

por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her

no entré por no molestar — I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him

lucharon por que se hiciera justicia — they fought for justice to be done

10) (indicando consideración, favor) for

por mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake

11) (indicando inclinación, elección)

su amor por la música — her love of music

demostró interés por el cuadro — he showed interest in the painting

no siento nada por él — I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir — I chose not to go

votó por ella — he voted for her

12) ( en busca de)

salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

13) ( en lo que respecta a)

por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind

por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

14) ( indicando una situación pendiente)

por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer — these changes are yet to be made

eso está por ver! — we'll see about that!

15) (esp AmL)

estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)

deben (de) estar por llegar — they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir — the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)

entró por la ventana — he came in through the window

no va a pasar por la puerta — it won't go through the door

sal por aquí — go out this way

se cayó por la escalera — he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este — they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo — we took the longer route

¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

17)

a) ( expresando lugar indeterminado)

está por ahí — he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?

viven por mi barrio — they live around my area

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?

por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere

b) ( expresando lugar determinado)

corta por aquí — cut here

voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio — start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango — hold it by the handle

c) ( indicando extensión)

por todo el país — throughout the (whole) country

viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France

pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc

Sentido IV

18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)

por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time

sucedió allá por 1960 — it happened some time back around 1960

19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños — she gave it to me for my birthday

20) ( durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos — for ever and ever

por el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche

* * *

= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.

Ex: I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.

Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.

Ex: A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.

Ex: Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.

Ex: Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.

Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.

Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.

Ex: Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.

Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.

Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.

Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.

Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.

Ex: 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.

Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.

Ex: Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.

Ex: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.

Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.

Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.

* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.

* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).

* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.

* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.

* coger por sorpresa = catch out.

* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.

* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.

* encontrar por casualidad = come across.

* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.

* error por omisión = omission failure.

* estar por delante de = be ahead of.

* hecho por encargo = bespoke.

* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.

* leer por encima = browse.

* llamar por teléfono = call up.

* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.

* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.

* ordenado por fecha = in date order.

* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.

* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.

* por accidente = accidentally.

* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].

* por ahí = out there.

* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.

* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.

* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.

* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.

* por algún tiempo = for sometime.

* por allí = nearby [near-by].

* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por analogía = by analogy.

* por anticipado = in advance (of).

* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.

* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.

* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.

* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.

* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.

* por así decir = as it were.

* por boca de = by word of mouth.

* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.

* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.

* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.

* por cabeza = per person.

* por cable = wireline, corded.

* por caminos apartados = off-road.

* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.

* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.

* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).

* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.

* por coincidencia = by coincidence.

* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por completo = fully.

* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.

* por consideración a = out of respect for.

* por consideración a = out of consideration for.

* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.

* por contra = in contrast.

* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.

* por correo = by post, mailed.

* por cortesía de = courtesy of.

* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.

* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.

* por cuanto que = because.

* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.

* por cuenta de uno = privately.

* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.

* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.

* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.

* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.

* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.

* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.

* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.

* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.

* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.

* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].

* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.

* por décadas = ten-yearly.

* por decidir = to be decided.

* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.

* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.

* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.

* por decisión propia = by choice.

* por defecto = by default, default.

* por deferencia a = in deference to.

* por definición = by definition.

* por delante = ahead.

* por delante de = ahead of.

* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.

* por delante y por detrás = front and back.

* por dentro = inwardly.

* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.

* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.

* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.

* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por divertirse = for kicks.

* por doquier = all around.

* por dos años = two-year.

* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.

* por (el) amor a = for the love of.

* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.

* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.

* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.

* por el detalle = for detail.

* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.

* por el día o por la noche = day or night.

* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.

* por elección propia = by choice.

* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.

* por el gobierno federal = federally.

* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.

* por el hombre = humanly.

* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.

* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.

* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.

* por el modo = by the way.

* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.

* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.

* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.

* por el receptor = at the receiving end.

* por el sexo = gendered.

* por encargo = custom, bespoke.

* por encima = overhead, cursorily.

* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.

* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.

* por encima de eso = beyond that.

* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.

* por encima de la media = above average.

* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.

* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.

* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.

* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.

* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.

* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.

* por enfado = out of anger.

* por enojo = out of anger.

* por error = by mistake.

* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.

* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.

* por eso = on that score, therefore.

* por eso que = hence.

* por esta razón = for this reason.

* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.

* por este motivo = for this reason.

* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.

* por etapas = staged.

* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.

* por exceso = excessively, to excess.

* por explotar = untapped.

* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.

* por extensión = by extension.

* por extenso = in full, at length.

* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.

* por fases = staged.

* por favor = please.

* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].

* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.

* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).

* por frustración = out of frustration.

* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.

* por grupos = in batches.

* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por hora = hourly.

* por horas = on an hourly basis.

* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).

* por imitación = copycat.

* por incremento gradual = incremental.

* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.

* por individuo = per capita, per person.

* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.

* por instinto = instinctively.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* por investigar = unresearched.

* por invitación = invitational.

* por invitación de = at the invitation of.

* por la borda = overboard.

* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por la forma = by the way.

* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.

* por la fuerza = forcibly.

* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.

* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.

* por la manera = by the way.

* por la mañana = in the morning.

* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.

* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.

* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.

* por la presente = hereby.

* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.

* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.

* por las nubes = soaring.

* por la tarde = in the evening.

* por ley = mandated.

* por libre = freelance.

* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.

* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.

* por lo pronto = for the time being.

* por lo que = so.

* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.

* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.

* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.

* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.

* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.

* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.

* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.

* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.

* por los suelos = in tatters.

* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.

* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.

* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.

* por mal camino = astray.

* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por materias = subject-based, topically.

* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.

* por medio = out of.

* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.

* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.

* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.

* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.

* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.

* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.

* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.

* por menús = menu-driven.

* por méritos = meritorious.

* por mes = per month.

* por miedo de = for fear of/that.

* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.

* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.

* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.

* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.

* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.

* por muchas razones = in many ways.

* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.

* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.

* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.

* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.

* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.

* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.

* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.

* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.

* por nada = for nothing.

* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.

* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.

* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.

* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.

* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.

* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.

* por no decir nunca = if ever.

* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.

* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.

* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.

* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.

* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.

* por no mencionar = not to mention.

* por norma = as a rule.

* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.

* por orden de = mandated.

* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.

* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.

* por orden numérico = in numerical order.

* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.

* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.

* por parejas = in pairs.

* por parte de = on the part of.

* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.

* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por pereza = lazily.

* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.

* por persona = per person.

* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por poco dinero = cheaply.

* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.

* por poderes = by proxy.

* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.

* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.

* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.

* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.

* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.

* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.

* por principio = on principle.

* por principios = as a matter of principle.

* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.

* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.

* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.

* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.

* por pura diversión = for kicks.

* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.

* por qué = why.

* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.

* por razones de = for the sake of.

* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.

* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.

* por razones morales = on moral grounds.

* por razones personales = for personal reasons.

* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.

* por rencor = out of spite.

* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.

* por rumores = grapevine.

* por rutina = routinely.

* por sacos = by the sackful.

* por satélite = satellite-based.

* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.

* por seguridad = for safety reasons.

* por semana = per week.

* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.

* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.

* por sexo = along gender lines.

* por si = in the chance that.

* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.

* por si casualidad = in the chance that.

* por si era poco = for good measure.

* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.

* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.

* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.

* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.

* por sí mismos = in themselves.

* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.

* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].

* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.

* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.

* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.

* por sorpresa = unawares.

* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.

* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.

* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.

* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.

* por su papel = in its role.

* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.

* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.

* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.

* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.

* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.

* por su volatilidad = mercurially.

* por su volubilidad = mercurially.

* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.

* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.

* por temas = topically.

* por temor a = for fear of/that.

* por temor a represalias = under duress.

* por término medio = on average.

* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].

* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.

* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].

* por toda la provincia = province-wide.

* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.

* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.

* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].

* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.

* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].

* por todo el continente = continent-wide.

* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].

* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.

* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.

* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.

* por todo el servicio = service-wide.

* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.

* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.

* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.

* por todos conocido = well-known.

* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.

* por todos los medios = by all means.

* por todos sitios = everywhere.

* por triplicado = in triplicate.

* por trueque = in kind.

* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.

* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.

* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.

* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.

* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.

* por unanimidad = unanimously.

* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.

* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.

* por unidad = per unit.

* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.

* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.

* por un momento = for a moment.

* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.

* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.

* por uno solo = solo.

* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.

* por un tiempo = for a time.

* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.

* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.

* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.

* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.

* por venganza = out of spite.

* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.

* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.

* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.

* transporte por tierra = land transport.

* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.

* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.

* * *

por

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

Sentido I

A en relaciones causales

B según

C ¿por qué?

D en locuciones

E en expresiones concesivas

F

1 en expresiones de modo

2 indicando el medio

3 Educación

G

1 en relaciones de proporción

2 en multiplicaciones

H

1 en relaciones de sustitución etc

2 por ejemplo

I como

Sentido II

A al expresar finalidad, objetivo

B indicando consideración, favor

C indicando inclinación, elección

D en busca de

E en lo que respecta a

F indicando una situación pendiente

G estar por

Sentido III

A indicando lugar de acceso, salida

B

expresando lugar indeterminado

C expresando lugar determinado

D indicando extensión

Sentido IV

A expresando tiempo aproximado

B indicando una ocasión

C durante

prep

Sentido I

A (en relaciones causales) because of

he puesto esto aquí por el gato I've put this here because of the cat

nunca se lo dijo por miedo a perderla he never told her out of fear of losing her o because he was afraid of losing her

eso te pasa por crédulo that's what you get for being (so) gullible

lo conseguimos por él we got it thanks to him

ella es así por naturaleza she's like that by nature

lo hace por necesidad he does it out of necessity

no se acabó por falta de dinero it wasn't finished for o because of o owing to lack of money

el final no por conocido me resulta menos triste knowing how it ends doesn't make it any less sad

por su alto contenido en proteínas because of o owing to its high protein content

tanto por su precio como por su practicidad both for its price and its practical design

fue por eso por lo que no te llamé or fue por eso que no te llamé that was the reason o that was why I didn't call you

precisamente por eso no dije nada that's precisely why I didn't say anything

la muerte se produjo por asfixia he suffocated, death was caused by suffocation ( frml)

éste serviría si no fuera por el color this one would do if it weren't for the color

fue elogiado por su excelente actuación he was praised for his excellent performance

por + INF for -ING

me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me

eso

B (según) from

por lo que he oído from what I've heard

por lo que parece no va a volver it seems o it would seem he's not coming back

por mi experiencia diría que … from my experience, I would say that …

C ( fam):

¿por? why?

¿con quién vas? — con Daniel ¿por? who are you going with? — with Daniel, why? o why do you want to know?

D ( en locuciones):

por qué why

¿por qué lloras? why are you crying?

¿por qué no vienes a almorzar a casa? why don't you come to my house for lunch?

por si in case

llévate una muda, por si tuvieras que quedarte take a change of clothes (just) in case you have to stay

acaso, mosca² (↑ mosca (2))

E (en expresiones concesivas) por … QUE:

por más que me esfuerzo me sigue saliendo mal no matter how hard I try o however hard I try, I still can't get it right

(+ subj): por (muy) fácil que se lo pongan, no creo que lo sepa hacer however easy o no matter how easy they make it for him I don't think he'll be able to do it

F

1

(en expresiones de modo): clasifícalos por tamaño classify them according to size o by size

colóquense por orden de altura line up in order of height

por adelantado in advance

por escrito in writing

2

(indicando el medio): se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phone

lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio

lo mandaron por avión/barco they sent it by air/sea

por carretera by road

la conocí por la voz I recognized the o her voice, I recognized her by her voice

me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend

conocido por el nombre de Pancho known as Pancho

lo intenté por todos los medios I tried everything possible o every possible way

3 ( Educación):

es doctor honoris causa por Oxford he has an honorary doctorate from Oxford

un graduado en ciencias políticas por la universidad de Granada a graduate in political science from the university of Granada

G

1

(en relaciones de proporción): cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class

120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour

lo venden por metro they sell it by the meter

tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people

había un hombre por cada dos mujeres there was one man to every two women

tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide

ya hemos hecho bastante por hoy we've done enough for today

los hizo entrar uno por uno she made them come in one by one o one at a time

examinar un escrito punto por punto to go through a document point by point

ciento² (↑ ciento (2))

2 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]

(en multiplicaciones): tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

H

1

(en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación): su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf

yo puedo ir por ti I can go for you o in your place

por toda respuesta se encogió de hombros all he did was shrug his shoulders

tú podrías pasar por inglesa you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman

te dan uno nuevo por dos viejos they give you one new one in exchange for two old ones

es senador por Canarias he's a senator for the Canary Islands

2

(como): por ejemplo for example

¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?

I (introduciendo el agente) by

un lugar frecuentado por muchos famosos a place frequented by many famous people

se vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta they were caught in a sudden storm

la ocupación de la fábrica por (parte de) los obreros the occupation of the factory by the workers

ver tb parte² f B. (↑ parte (2))

Sentido II

A

(al expresar finalidad, objetivo): se estaban peleando por la pelota they were fighting over the ball

lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money

te lo digo por tu bien I'm telling you for your own good

por + INF:

daría cualquier cosa por verte contento I'd give anything to see you happy

no entré por no molestar I didn't go in so as not to disturb him o because I didn't want to disturb him

eso es hablar por hablar that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it

por QUE + SUBJ here por que can also be written porque:

estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him

recemos por que lleguen a un acuerdo let's pray that they'll come to an agreement

siguieron luchando por que se hiciera justicia they continued fighting for justice to be done

B

(indicando consideración, favor): haría cualquier cosa por ti I'd do anything for you

intercede por nosotros intercede for us

por mí no lo hagas don't do it just for me o for my sake

C

(indicando inclinación, elección): su amor por la música her love of music

demostró gran interés por el cuadro he showed great interest in the painting

no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him

opté por no ir I chose not to go

votó por ella he voted for her

¿por la afirmativa? all those in favor?

se manifestaron por el derecho al aborto they demonstrated for the right to abortion

estar por algn ( fam); to be crazy about sb

D

(en busca de): salió/fue poror ( Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread

E

(en lo que respecta a): por mí no hay inconveniente I don't mind

que haga lo que le dé la gana, por mí … let him do what he likes, as far as I'm concerned …

F (indicando una situación pendiente) por + INF:

tengo toda la casa por limpiar I've got the whole house to clean

estos cambios aún están por hacer these changes have still not been made o are yet to be made

ver² vt C 1. (↑ ver (2))

G

( AmL) estar por + INF (estar a punto de): deben de estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute

la leche está por hervir the milk's about to boil

Sentido III

A

(indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria): entró por la ventana he came in through the window

sal por aquí go out this way

el acceso al edificio es por la calle Lamas you enter the building from Lamas Street

el piano no va a pasar por la puerta the piano won't go through the door

se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs

subieron por la ladera este they went up by the east face

¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?

fuimos por el camino más largo we took the longer route

no vayas por ahí que te vas a perder don't go that way, you'll get lost

¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?

¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?

B

(expresando lugar indeterminado): está por ahí he's over there somewhere

¿por dónde está or queda el restaurante? whereabouts is the restaurant?

viven por el sur/por mi barrio they live in the south somewhere/around my area

hace mucho que no lo vemos por aquí we haven't seen him around here for ages

¿qué tal te fue por Londres? how did you get on in London?

C

(expresando lugar determinado): corta por aquí cut here

voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15

empieza por el principio start at the beginning

agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle

D

(indicando extensión): lo he buscado por todos lados or por todas partes I've looked everywhere for it

la epidemia se extendió por todo el país the epidemic spread throughout the (whole) country

estuvimos viajando por el norte de Francia we were traveling around o in the North of France

fuimos a caminar por la playa we went for a walk along the beach

pasa un trapo por el piso give the floor a quick wipe

ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera¹ adv A 1. (↑ fuera (1)), encima, por etc

Sentido IV

A

(expresando tiempo aproximado): por aquella época at that time

por aquel entonces vivían en Pozuelo at that time they were living in Pozuelo

sucedió por allá por 1960 it happened some time back around 1960

B ( Esp) (indicando una ocasión) for

me lo regalaron por mi cumpleaños they gave it to me for my birthday

por Semana Santa pensamos ir a Londres we're thinking of going to London for Easter

C (durante) for

por los siglos de los siglos for ever and ever

no se lo confío ni por un minuto I wouldn't trust him with it for a minute

puede quedar así por el momento or por ahora it can stay like that for the time being o for now

ver tb mañana³ (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), noche

* * *

por preposición
1 ( causa) because of;
◊ por falta de dinero because of o owing to lack of money;

por naturaleza by nature;
por necesidad out of necessity;
por eso no dije nada that's why I didn't say anything;
fue por eso que no te llamé that was why I didn't call you;
si no fuera por mi hijo … if it wasn't for my son …;
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2 ( en locs)
◊ por qué why;

no dijo por qué he didn't say why;
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? why don't you come with me?;
por si in case;
por si no entiende in case he doesn't understand;
See Also→ acaso 2, mosca
3 ( en expresiones concesivas):
◊ por más que me esfuerzo however hard o no matter how hard I try;

por (muy) fácil que sea however easy o no matter how easy it is
4
a) ( modo):

◊ colócalos por orden de tamaño put them in order of size;

por adelantado in advance;
por escrito in writing
b) ( medio):

◊ se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phone;

lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio;
por avión by air;
la conocí por la voz I recognized her by her voice;
me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
5
a) ( proporción):

◊ cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class;

120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour;
por metro/docena by the meter/dozen;
tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people;
tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide;
uno por uno one by one;
See Also→ ciento sustantivo masculino b
b) ( en multiplicaciones):

◊ tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve

6
a) ( sustitución) for;

◊ su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf;

pasa por inglesa she passes for an Englishwoman
b) ( como):

◊ por ejemplo for example

7 ( introduciendo el agente) by;
◊ compuesto por Mozart composed by Mozart

1 (finalidad, objetivo):
◊ pelearse por algo to fight over sth;

lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money;
no entré por no molestarlo I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him;
por que + subj (here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
2 (indicando inclinación, elección):
◊ su amor por la música her love of music;

no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him;
votó por ella he voted for her
3 ( en busca de): salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
4 ( en lo que respecta a):
◊ por mí que haga lo que quiera as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes

5 (esp AmL) estar por + inf ( estar a punto de) to be about to + inf;
◊ está por terminar he's about to finish;

deben (de) estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
1
a) ( lugar):

◊ entró por la ventana he came in through the window;

sal por aquí go out this way;
se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs;
¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?;
¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?;
está por ahí he's over there somewhere;
¿por dónde está el hotel? whereabouts is the hotel?;
viven por mi barrio they live around my area;
voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15;
empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
b) ( indicando extensión): por todos lados or por todas partes everywhere;

◊ viajamos por el norte de Francia we traveled around o in the North of France;

ver tb dentro, fuera, encima, etc
2 ( tiempo) for;
◊ por un mes for a month;

por el momento or por ahora for the time being, for now;
ver tb mañana, tarde, noche
3 (Esp) ( ocasión) for;
◊ me lo regaló por mi cumpleaños she gave it to me for my birthday

por preposición
1 (autoría) by: está escrito por mí, it was written by me
2 (camino, lugar) through: viajamos por Castilla, we travelled round Castilla
3 (medio) lo enviaron por avión, they sent it by plane
me enteré por el periódico, I read about it in the newspaper
4 (motivo, causa) because of
por tu culpa, because of you
(en favor de) for: hazlo por ellos, do it for their sake
por la libertad, for freedom
5 (en torno a) por San Juan, near Saint John's Day
6 (durante) por la mañana/noche, in the morning/at night
por el momento, for the time being
7 (a través) entramos por la puerta, we got in through the door
miramos por la ventana, we looked out (of) the window
pasamos por la ciudad, we went through the town
8 (sobre, por encima de) cruzaremos por el puente, we'll cross the bridge
9 (delante de) paso todos los días por tu casa, I go by your house every day
10 (a cambio de) for: te doy mi helado por tu yogur, I'll swap you my ice-cream for your yoghurt
11 (en una distribución, cálculo) por cabeza, a head, per person
mil pesetas por hora, a thousand pesetas per hour
dos mil revoluciones por minuto, two thousand revolutions per minute
12 (en una multiplicación) dos por dos, cuatro, two times two is four
un diez por ciento, ten per cent
13 (con infinitivo) in order to, so as to
trabajar por trabajar, to work for the sake of it
♦ Locuciones: por así decirlo, so to speak
por más/mucho que..., no matter how...
por qué, why
' por' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogar
- abonar
- abonarse
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abuelo
- acabar
- acaso
- accidente
- acercarse
- acertar
- aclamación
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acomplejarse
- acoquinar
- acostumbrar
- actual
- adelantada
- adelantado
- adivinar
- admitir
- adoración
- aérea
- aéreo
- afanarse
- afectada I
- afectado
- afición
- agradecer
- aguantar
- ahí
- ahogada
- ahogado
- ahora
- ahorcarse
- ahorrar
- aire
- alegrarse
- algo
- allá
- allí
- almacén
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- aludida
- aludido
- amarga
English:
A
- aback
- ablaze
- about
- above
- absence
- absorb
- accident
- accidentally
- acclaim
- accompany
- accord
- accordingly
- account
- accustom
- actual
- actually
- add to
- advocate
- after
- afternoon
- again
- against
- air
- airmail
- alert
- allowance
- alone
- alphabetically
- alternately
- amble
- amends
- amok
- angry
- annihilate
- annoy
- answer for
- answering service
- antipathy
- anxious
- anywhere
- apologetic
- apologize
- appal
- appall
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- appointment
- appreciate

* * *

por prep

1. [indica causa] because of;

llegó tarde por el tráfico she was late because of the traffic;

lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love;

me disculpé por llegar tarde I apologized for arriving late;

miré dentro por simple curiosidad I looked inside out of pure curiosity;

accidentes por conducción temeraria accidents caused by reckless driving;

muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares deaths from cardiovascular disease;

no quise llamar por la hora (que era) I didn't want to call because of the time;

cerrado por vacaciones/reformas [en letrero] closed for holidays/alterations;

por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me;
Esp
fue por eso por lo que tuvimos tantos problemas, Am [m5] fue por eso que tuvimos tantos problemas that's why we had so many problems;

eso te pasa por (ser tan) generoso that's what you get for being so generous;

la razón por (la) que dimite the reason (why) she is resigning;

¿por qué? why?;

¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?;

¿por qué lo preguntas? – por nada why do you ask? – no reason;
Fam
¿por? why?;

por si in case;

por si se te olvida in case you forget

2. [indica indicio]
por lo que me dices/lo que he oído no debe de ser tan difícil from what you say/what I've heard, it can't be that difficult;

por lo que tengo entendido, viven juntos as I understand it, they live together, my understanding is that they live together;

por lo visto, por lo que se ve apparently

3. [indica finalidad] (antes de infinitivo) (in order) to;

* * *

por

prp

1 motivo for, because of;

lo hace por mí he does it for me;

lo hizo por amor she did it out of o for love;

luchó por sus ideales he fought for his ideals;

por miedo a ofenderle for fear of upsetting her;

vino por verme he came to see me

2 medio by;

por avión by air;

por correo by mail, Br

tb by post

3 tiempo

:

por un año/un segundo for a year/a second;

por la mañana in the morning;

por Navidad around Christmas

4 movimiento

:

por la calle down the street;

por un tunel through a tunnel;

por aquí this way

5 posición aproximada around, about;

está por aquí it’s around here (somewhere);

vive por el centro de la ciudad she lives somewhere around the center of town

6 cambio

:

por cincuenta pesos for fifty pesos;

por cabeza each, a head

7 otros usos

:

por hora an o per hour;

dos por dos two times two;

¿por qué? why?;

el motivo por el cual o

por el que … the reason why …;

esa factura aún está por pagar that invoice still has to be paid;

tomar por esposa marry;

por difícil que sea however difficult it might be

* * *

por prep

1) : for, during

se quedaron allí por la semana: they stayed there during the week

por el momento: for now, at the moment

2) : around, during

por noviembre empieza a nevar: around November it starts to snow

por la mañana: in the morning

3) : around (a place)

debe estar por allí: it must be over there

por todas partes: everywhere

4) : by, through, along

por la puerta: through the door

pasé por tu casa: I stopped by your house

por la costa: along the coast

5) : for, for the sake of

lo hizo por su madre: he did it for his mother

¡por Dios!: for heaven's sake!

6) : because of, on account of

llegué tarde por el tráfico: I arrived late because of the traffic

dejar por imposible: to give up as impossible

7) : per

60 millas por hora: 60 miles per hour

por docena: by the dozen

8) : for, in exchange for, instead of

su hermana habló por él: his sister spoke on his behalf

9) : by means of

hablar por teléfono: to talk on the phone

por escrito: in writing

10) : as for

por mí: as far as I'm concerned

11) : times

tres por dos son seis: three times two is six

12) según: from, according to

por lo que dices: judging from what you're telling me

13) : as, for

por ejemplo: for example

14) : by

hecho por mi abuela: made by my grandmother

por correo: by mail

15) : for, in order to

lucha por ganar su respeto: he struggles to win her respect

16)

estar por : to be about to

17)

por ciento : percent

18)

por favor : please

19)

por lo tanto : therefore, consequently

20)

¿por qué? : why?

21)

por que porque

22)

por... que : no matter how

por mucho que intente: no matter how hard I try

23)

por si or

por si acaso : just in case

* * *

por prep

1. (a través de) through

entra por la puerta de la derecha go in through the door on the right

por el bosque through the wood

2. (la calle) along / down

iba por la calle I was walking down the street

3. (indica camino) via / by

fuimos por la carretera comarcal we went by the B road

4. (indica una parte concreta) by

sujeta la cacerola por el asa hold the saucepan by its handle

5. (indica el tiempo)

por la mañana in the morning

por Navidades at Christmas

por la noche at night

por unos días for a few days

6. (a causa de) because of

suspendieron el concierto por la lluvia the concert was cancelled because of the rain

7. (a fin de) to / in order to

por complacer al padre in order to please her father

8. (indica el autor) by

el cuadro fue pintado por Picasso the picture was painted by Picasso

9. (en favor o defensa de) for

haría cualquier cosa por su hijo she'd do anything for her son

es por tu propio bien it's for your own good

10. (multiplicado) times

cuatro por cuatro son dieciséis four times four is sixteen

11. (a cambio de) for

lo compré por cien pesetas I bought it for a hundred pesetas

te doy este libro por esos sellos I'll give you this book for those stamps

12. (en vez de) instead of

ya jugaré yo por Jaime I'll play instead of Jaime

13. (indica que una acción todavía no está hecha)

las camas están por hacer the beds still have to be made

ir por / ir a por to fetch

¡ve a por mis zapatillas, por favor! fetch my slippers, please!

por + adjetivo however + adjective

por barato que parezca however cheap it may seem

por mucho que te quejes however much you complain

por aquí (cerca) near here (indicando camino) this way

por ciento per cent

por correo by post

por fin at last

por la fuerza by force

por lo general generally / usually

por lo menos at least

por mí as far as I'm concerned

por si... in case...

por sorpresa by surprise

por supuesto of course

por tanto therefore

por teléfono on the telephone

¿por qué? why?

Spanish-English dictionary > por
31 remoto

adj.

1 remote, distant, far away, way-out.

2 unlikely.

3 distant, remote.

* * *

remoto

► adjetivo

1 remote, far-off

■ una posibilidad remota a remote chance

* * *

(f. - remota)

adj.

remote

* * *

ADJ

1) [en el tiempo] far-off, distant

en épocas remotas — in far-off o distant times

2) [en el espacio] faraway, distant

en un país remoto — in a faraway o distant country

3) (=poco probable) remote

existe la remota posibilidad de que venga — there is a remote possibility o a very slight chance he may come

no tengo ni la más remota idea — I haven't the faintest o remotest idea

no se me ocurriría insultarle ni por lo más remoto — it would never enter my head to insult him

-¿te enfrentarías a él? -¡ni por lo más remoto! — "would you stand up to him?" - "no way o not on your life!"

* * *

- ta adjetivo

1) ( en el tiempo)

en épocas remotas — in distant o far-off times

2)

a) <lugar/mares/tierras> remote, far-off

b) (Inf) remote

3) < posibilidad> remote, slim; < esperanza> faint

no tengo (ni) la más remota idea — I haven't the remotest o faintest idea

* * *

= far-flung, off-site [offsite], outlying, outside, remote, hideaway, isolated, distant, outstation, distanced, secluded, secluded, off the beaten track.

Ex. Books by authors of all origins, African, Chinese, Hindu, Muslim, have now become commonplace in even the most far-flung libraries of Europe and America.

Ex. These technologies will enhance the trend toward increased direct patron access to information in data bases and on-line catalogues often from off-site locations.

Ex. Attempts were made to reach beyond the larger cities through the use of mobile vans to visit outlying towns and rural areas.

Ex. A facility which extends beyond library housekeeping permits the viewing of outside data bases.

Ex. The computer, once instructed on the desired filing order, is eminently suitable for filing, achieving a level of consistency which was a remote dream in the days of human filers.

Ex. Gerould College, a co-educational undergraduate institution, is located on the outskirts of a peaceful, hideaway village in the Northeast, far from the rumbling tempo of industrialism.

Ex. In the 1920s and 1930s more than 1 million books were being loaned each year to members as far afield as the most isolated settlers' gangs working on distant branch lines.

Ex. She had a distant fleeting vision of a workplace in which people acted like free and sensible human beings, instead of like the martyrized and victimized puppets of a terrible system called 'one-upmanship'.

Ex. Information was collected through a questionnaire circulated among 100 local as well as outstation scholars of the American Studies Research Centre.

Ex. The author explores issues relating to the development of self service skills and competencies by distanced users.

Ex. Adequate security for expensive equipment must also be provided for in this decision, and a secluded back room, a remote phone cut-off switch, or a removable keyboard may be mandated.

Ex. Adequate security for expensive equipment must also be provided for in this decision, and a secluded back room, a remote phone cut-off switch, or a removable keyboard may be mandated.

Ex. The article ' Off the beaten track. Small publishers in India' reviews the efforts of small and alternative presses in India in publishing the most exciting and innovative books for children.

----

* control remoto = remote control.

* control remoto de llavero = key fob.

* en el pasado remoto = in the dim and distant past.

* estación de trabajo remota = outstation.

* lugar remoto = secluded spot.

* no tener ni la más remota posibilidad = not to have a prayer.

* percepción remota = remote sensing.

* terminal remoto = remote terminal.

* una posibilidad muy remota = a long shot.

* * *

- ta adjetivo

1) ( en el tiempo)

en épocas remotas — in distant o far-off times

2)

a) <lugar/mares/tierras> remote, far-off

b) (Inf) remote

3) < posibilidad> remote, slim; < esperanza> faint

no tengo (ni) la más remota idea — I haven't the remotest o faintest idea

* * *

= far-flung, off-site [offsite], outlying, outside, remote, hideaway, isolated, distant, outstation, distanced, secluded, secluded, off the beaten track.

Ex: Books by authors of all origins, African, Chinese, Hindu, Muslim, have now become commonplace in even the most far-flung libraries of Europe and America.

Ex: These technologies will enhance the trend toward increased direct patron access to information in data bases and on-line catalogues often from off-site locations.

Ex: Attempts were made to reach beyond the larger cities through the use of mobile vans to visit outlying towns and rural areas.

Ex: A facility which extends beyond library housekeeping permits the viewing of outside data bases.

Ex: The computer, once instructed on the desired filing order, is eminently suitable for filing, achieving a level of consistency which was a remote dream in the days of human filers.

Ex: Gerould College, a co-educational undergraduate institution, is located on the outskirts of a peaceful, hideaway village in the Northeast, far from the rumbling tempo of industrialism.

Ex: In the 1920s and 1930s more than 1 million books were being loaned each year to members as far afield as the most isolated settlers' gangs working on distant branch lines.

Ex: She had a distant fleeting vision of a workplace in which people acted like free and sensible human beings, instead of like the martyrized and victimized puppets of a terrible system called 'one-upmanship'.

Ex: Information was collected through a questionnaire circulated among 100 local as well as outstation scholars of the American Studies Research Centre.

Ex: The author explores issues relating to the development of self service skills and competencies by distanced users.

Ex: Adequate security for expensive equipment must also be provided for in this decision, and a secluded back room, a remote phone cut-off switch, or a removable keyboard may be mandated.

Ex: Adequate security for expensive equipment must also be provided for in this decision, and a secluded back room, a remote phone cut-off switch, or a removable keyboard may be mandated.

Ex: The article ' Off the beaten track. Small publishers in India' reviews the efforts of small and alternative presses in India in publishing the most exciting and innovative books for children.

* control remoto = remote control.

* control remoto de llavero = key fob.

* en el pasado remoto = in the dim and distant past.

* estación de trabajo remota = outstation.

* lugar remoto = secluded spot.

* no tener ni la más remota posibilidad = not to have a prayer.

* percepción remota = remote sensing.

* terminal remoto = remote terminal.

* una posibilidad muy remota = a long shot.

* * *

remoto -ta

adjective

A

(en el tiempo): en épocas remotas in distant o far-off times

la tradición oral más remota que se conoce the oldest-known oral tradition

B

1 ‹lugar/mares/tierras› remote, far-off

2 ( Inf) remote

C ‹posibilidad› remote, slim; ‹esperanza› faint, slender

no tengo (ni) la más remota idea I haven't the remotest o faintest o slightest idea

D (vago) vague, hazy

* * *

remoto
◊ -ta adjetivo

a) ‹tiempo/época› distant, far-off ( before n)

b) ‹lugar/mares/tierras› remote, far-off

c) ‹ posibilidad› remote, slim;

‹ esperanza› faint;
◊ no tengo (ni) la más remota idea I haven't the remotest o faintest idea

remoto,-a adjetivo
1 (en el tiempo o en el espacio) remote, distant
2 (una posibilidad, un peligro) remote, slim
♦ Locuciones: no tener la más remota idea, not to have the faintest idea
' remoto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
allá
- antes
- control
- remota
- última
- último
English:
faraway
- outside
- remote
- slender
- slim
- distant
- far

* * *

remoto, -a adj

1. [en el espacio] remote;

visitantes de tierras remotas visitors from far-off lands

2. [en el tiempo] distant, remote

3. [posibilidad, parecido] remote;

no tengo ni la más remota idea I haven't got the faintest idea

4. Informát remote

* * *

remoto

adj remote;

no tengo ni la más remota idea I haven’t the faintest idea

* * *

remoto, -ta adj

1) : remote, unlikely

hay una posibilidad remota: there is a slim possibility

2) : distant, far-off

* * *

remoto adj remote

Spanish-English dictionary > remoto
32 seguir

v.

1 to follow.

tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind

seguir algo de cerca to follow o monitor something closely (desarrollo, resultados)

Ellos siguen la caravana They follow the convoy.

Eso es lo que sigue That is what follows.

2 to follow.

me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed

3 to continue, to resume.

Me sigue el dolor My pain persists.

4 to continue, to go on.

¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!

aquí se baja él, yo sigo he's getting out here, I'm going on (al taxista)

sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory

debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it

sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong

sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital

¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?

5 to keep on, to go along, to carry on, to continue.

María se sigue haciendo daño Mary keeps on hurting herself.

6 to continue to be, to continue being, to keep, to keep being.

Las chicas siguen testarudas The girls continue to be stubborn.

7 to obey, to keep.

Las chicas siguen las reglas The girls obey the rules.

8 to imitate, to follow.

Los fanáticos siguen al cantante The fans imitate the singer.

9 to come afterwards, to come next, to come after, to come along.

Algo bueno sigue Something good comes afterwards.

* * *

SEGUIR

CONJUGACIÓN

(e changes to i in certain persons of certain tenses; gu changes to g before a and o)

Present Indicative

sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen.

Past Indicative

seguí, seguiste, siguió, seguimos, seguisteis, siguieron.

Present Subjunctive

siga, sigas, siga, sigamos, sigáis, sigan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

siguiera, siguieras, siguiera, siguiéramos, siguierais, siguieran;

siguiese, siguieses, siguiese, siguiésemos, siguieseis, siguiesen.

Future Subjunctive

siguiere, siguieres, siguiere, siguiéremos, siguiereis, siguieren.

Imperative

sigue (tú), siga (él/Vd.), sigamos (nos.), seguid (vos.), sigan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to follow

2) keep on

3) pursue

4) remain

* * *

1. VT

1) (=perseguir) [+ persona, pista] to follow; [+ indicio] to follow up; [+ presa] to chase, pursue

tú ve primero que yo te sigo — you go first and I'll follow you

ella llegó primero, seguida del embajador — she arrived first, followed by the ambassador

nos están siguiendo — we're being followed

seguía todos sus pasos — I followed his every step

la seguía con la mirada — his eyes followed her

me sigue como un perrito faldero — he's always tramping at my heels

2) (=estar atento a) [+ programa de TV] to watch, follow; [+ programa de radio] to listen to, follow; [+ proceso, progreso] to monitor, follow up; [+ satélite] to track

seguir los acontecimientos de cerca — to monitor events closely

estaba ocupada y no he seguido la conversación — I was busy and didn't follow the conversation

esta exposición permite seguir paso a paso la evolución del artista — this exhibition allows the artist's development to be traced step by step

3) (=hacer caso de) [+ consejo] to follow, take; [+ instrucciones, doctrina, líder] to follow

siguió el ejemplo de su padre — he followed his father's example

seguir los pasos de algn — to follow in sb's footsteps

sigue la tradición de la familia — he follows in the family tradition

4) [+ rumbo, dirección] to follow

seguimos el curso del río — we followed the course of the river

siga la flecha — follow the arrow

siga esta calle y al final gire a la derecha — carry on up o follow this street and turn right at the end

• seguir su camino — to continue on one's way

sigue su camino de cineasta independiente — he continues in his path of independent film-maker

el mercado sigue su camino alcista — the market is continuing on its upward trend

• seguir su curso, el proyecto sigue su curso — the project is still on course, the project continues on (its) course

la enfermedad sigue su curso — the illness is taking o running its course

que la justicia siga su curso — let justice take its course

5) (=entender) [+ razonamiento] to follow

es un razonamiento muy difícil de seguir — it's an argument which is rather hard to follow

¿me sigues? — are you with me?

6) (Educ) [+ curso] to take, do

7) † [+ mujer] to court †

2. VI

1) (=continuar) to go on, carry on

¿quieres que sigamos? — shall we go on?

¡siga! — (=hable) go on!, carry on; LAm (=pase) come in

¡síguele! — Méx go on!

"sigue" — [en carta] P.T.O.; [en libro] continued

la carretera sigue hasta el pueblo — the road goes on as far as the town

siga por la carretera hasta el cruce — follow the road up to the crossroads

seguir por este camino — to carry on along this path

2)

• seguir adelante — [persona] to go on, carry on; [acontecimiento] to go ahead

los Juegos Olímpicos siguieron (adelante) a pesar del atentado — the Olympics went ahead despite the attack
adelante 1)
3) [en estado, situación] to be still

sigue enfermo — he's still ill

sigue en Caracas — she's still in Caracas

el ascensor sigue estropeado — the lift's still not working

sigue soltero — he's still single

¿cómo sigue? — how is he?

que siga usted bien — keep well, look after yourself

seguir con una idea — to go on with an idea

seguía en su error — he continued in his error

• seguimos sin teléfono — we still haven't got a phone

sigo sin noticias — I still haven't heard anything

sigo sin comprender — I still don't understand

esas preguntas siguen sin respuesta — those questions remain unanswered

4)

• seguir haciendo algo — to go on doing sth, carry on doing sth

siguió mirándola — he went on o carried on looking at her

siguió hablando con nosotros — he went on speaking to us

el ordenador seguía funcionando — the computer carried on working, the computer was still working

sigo pensando lo mismo — I still think the same

sigue lloviendo — it's still raining

5) (=venir a continuación) to follow, follow on

como sigue — as follows

lo que sigue es un resumen — what follows is a summary

entre otros ejemplos destacan los que siguen — amongst other examples, the following stand out

mencionaré varios casos en lo que sigue — I'll now move on to mention several cases

• seguir a algo, las horas que siguieron a la tragedia — the hours following o that followed the tragedy

a la conferencia siguió un debate — the lecture was followed by a discussion

3.

See:

seguirse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to follow

la hizo seguir por un detective — he had her followed by a detective

camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

creo que nos están siguiendo — I think we're being followed

seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses — with the Japanese catching up on them all the time

la mala suerte la seguía a todas partes — she was dogged by bad luck wherever she went

el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

2) <camino/ruta>

siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge

la saludé y seguí mi camino — I said hello to her and went on (my way)

si se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira — if you take this route you go through Capileira

seguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río — we tracked the animal to the river

la enfermedad sigue su curso normal — the illness is running its normal course

3) ( en el tiempo) to follow

seguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody

el hermano que me sigue — the brother (who comes) after me

4)

a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to follow

seguir el dictamen de la conciencia — to be guided by one's conscience

b) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow

sus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico — her sculptures are in the classical style

sigue a Kant — she's a follower of Kant's philosophy

sigue los pasos de su predecesor — he follows in the footsteps of his predecessors

5)

a) <trámite/procedimiento> to follow

va a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial — you will have to undergo special treatment

b) (Educ) < curso> to take

estoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course

6)

a) <explicaciones/profesor> to follow

dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

¿me siguen? — are you with me?

b) ( permanecer atento a)

no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

seguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo — we are following its development very closely
2.
seguir vi

1)

a) ( por un camino) to go on

siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street

sigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo — go on down this street as far as the traffic lights

desde allí hay que seguir en mula — from there you have to go on by mule

seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past

b)

seguir adelante — to carry on

sigamos adelante — let's carry on

resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes — they decided to go ahead with their plans

c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)

siga por favor — come in, please

2) (en lugar, estado)

¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?

espero que sigan todos bien — I hope you're all keeping well

sigo sin entender — I still don't understand

sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever

si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...

si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

3)

a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persist

b)

seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)

4)

a) (venir después, estar contiguo)

lee lo que sigue — read what comes next

el capítulo que sigue — the next chapter

sigue una hora de jazz — there follows an hour of jazz

un período de calma ha seguido a estos enfrentamientos — these clashes have been followed by a period of calm

b) historia/poema to continue

¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?

sigue en la página 8 — continued on page 8

la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue — the final list is as follows
3.
seguirse v pron (en 3^a pers)

seguirse de algo — to follow from something

de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...

* * *

= accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.

Ex. So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.

Ex. Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex. Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.

Ex. These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.

Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex. Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.

Ex. An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.

Ex. Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.

Ex. It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.

Ex. All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.

Ex. Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.

Ex. What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.

Ex. It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.

Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.

Ex. There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.

Ex. If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.

Ex. A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.

Ex. Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.

Ex. In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.

Ex. The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.

Ex. The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.

Ex. He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.

Ex. But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.

----

* camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.

* como siga así = at this rate.

* como sigue = as follows.

* debate + seguir = debate + rage.

* difícil de seguir = heavy going.

* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.

* hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.

* indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.

* indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.

* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.

* la vida + seguir = life + go on.

* modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.

* no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.

* no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.

* pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.

* que sigue = ensuing.

* que sigue una norma = compliant (with).

* que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.

* resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.

* seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.

* seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.

* seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.

* seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.

* seguir al día = remain on top of.

* seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.

* seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.

* seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.

* seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.

* seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.

* seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.

* seguir como antes = go on + as before.

* seguir como modelo = pattern.

* seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.

* seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.

* seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* seguir con el control = stay in + control.

* seguir con el mando = stay in + control.

* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.

* seguir considerando = consider + further.

* seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.

* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.

* seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.

* seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.

* seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.

* seguir el debate = follow + the thread.

* seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.

* seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.

* seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.

* seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.

* seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.

* seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.

* seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).

* seguir en existencia = remain + in being.

* seguir en la brecha = soldier on.

* seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.

* seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.

* seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.

* seguir este camino = go along + this road.

* seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.

* seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.

* seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.

* seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.

* seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.

* seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.

* seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.

* seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.

* seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.

* seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.

* seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.

* seguir la marcha de = monitor.

* seguir la moda = catch + the fever.

* seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.

* seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.

* seguir la pista de = keep + track of.

* seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.

* seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.

* seguirle la corriente a = play along with.

* seguir levantado = stay up.

* seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.

* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.

* seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.

* seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.

* seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.

* seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.

* seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* seguirse = ensue.

* seguir siendo = remain.

* seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.

* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.

* seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.

* seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.

* seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.

* seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.

* seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.

* seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.

* seguir tratando = discuss + further.

* seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.

* seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.

* seguir una estrategia = take + tack.

* seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.

* seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.

* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.

* seguir una táctica = take + tack.

* seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.

* seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.

* seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.

* seguir un consejo = take + advice.

* seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.

* seguir un método = take + approach.

* seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.

* seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.

* seguir un patrón = conform to + image.

* seguir un principio = adopt + convention.

* seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.

* seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.

* seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.

* seguir viviendo = live on.

* seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.

* siguiendo = along.

* siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.

* si sigue así = at this rate.

* si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.

* tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1) <persona/vehículo/presa> to follow

la hizo seguir por un detective — he had her followed by a detective

camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir — she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

creo que nos están siguiendo — I think we're being followed

seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses — with the Japanese catching up on them all the time

la mala suerte la seguía a todas partes — she was dogged by bad luck wherever she went

el que la sigue la consigue — (fam) if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

2) <camino/ruta>

siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente — go along o follow this road as far as the bridge

la saludé y seguí mi camino — I said hello to her and went on (my way)

si se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira — if you take this route you go through Capileira

seguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río — we tracked the animal to the river

la enfermedad sigue su curso normal — the illness is running its normal course

3) ( en el tiempo) to follow

seguir a algo/alguien — to follow something/somebody

el hermano que me sigue — the brother (who comes) after me

4)

a) <instrucciones/consejo/flecha> to follow

seguir el dictamen de la conciencia — to be guided by one's conscience

b) ( basarse en) <autor/teoría/método/tradición> to follow

sus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico — her sculptures are in the classical style

sigue a Kant — she's a follower of Kant's philosophy

sigue los pasos de su predecesor — he follows in the footsteps of his predecessors

5)

a) <trámite/procedimiento> to follow

va a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial — you will have to undergo special treatment

b) (Educ) < curso> to take

estoy siguiendo un curso de fotografía — I'm doing o taking a photography course

6)

a) <explicaciones/profesor> to follow

dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir — she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

¿me siguen? — are you with me?

b) ( permanecer atento a)

no sigo ese programa — I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

seguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo — we are following its development very closely
2.
seguir vi

1)

a) ( por un camino) to go on

siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle — keep o go straight on to the end of the street

sigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo — go on down this street as far as the traffic lights

desde allí hay que seguir en mula — from there you have to go on by mule

seguir de largo — (AmL) to go straight past

b)

seguir adelante — to carry on

sigamos adelante — let's carry on

resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes — they decided to go ahead with their plans

c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar)

siga por favor — come in, please

2) (en lugar, estado)

¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? — are your parents still in Geneva?

espero que sigan todos bien — I hope you're all keeping well

sigo sin entender — I still don't understand

sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre — she's still single/as pretty as ever

si las cosas siguen así... — if things carry on like this...

si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos — if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

3)

a) tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia to continue; rumores to persist

b)

seguir + ger: sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone; sigue leyendo tú you read now; seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera — I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way (frml)

4)

a) (venir después, estar contiguo)

lee lo que sigue — read what comes next

el capítulo que sigue — the next chapter

sigue una hora de jazz — there follows an hour of jazz

un período de calma ha seguido a estos enfrentamientos — these clashes have been followed by a period of calm

b) historia/poema to continue

¿cómo sigue la canción? — how does the song go on?

sigue en la página 8 — continued on page 8

la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue — the final list is as follows
3.
seguirse v pron (en 3^a pers)

seguirse de algo — to follow from something

de esto se sigue que... — it follows from this that...

* * *

= accord with, adhere to, chase, conform to, espouse, fit, follow, keep to, observe, pursue, run along, stay, stick to, proceed, overlay, carry on, go ahead, soldier on, succeed, hew to, overlie, keep up, roll on.

Ex: So while that tracing may have accorded with a rule, it violated common sense.

Ex: Since BC adheres closely to the educational and scientific consensus, BC found most favour with libraries in educational establishments.

Ex: Also, in controlled indexing language data bases, there is often an assumption that a user will be prepared to chase strings of references or to consult a sometimes complex thesaurus.

Ex: These basic permutation rules are modified somewhat to conform to bibliographic requirements.

Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.

Ex: Especially if the new subject is one which upsets the previous structure of relationships, it will be difficult to fit into the existing order.

Ex: An abstract covers all of the main points made in the original document, and usually follows the style and arrangement of the parent document.

Ex: Obviously, once a choice of citation order has been made it must be kept to, otherwise, chaos will result.

Ex: It is worth briefly observing a general approach to the creation of a data base.

Ex: All effective indexes must have some common facets if only because the audience does not alter merely because the indexer chooses to pursue certain indexing practices.

Ex: Whevener logical processes of thought are employed - that is, whenever thought for a time runs along an accepted groove - there is an opportunity for the machine.

Ex: What is possibly less easy is to making sure that the guiding stays clean, neat and accurate.

Ex: It might be striking to outline the instrumentalities of the future more spectacularly, rather than to stick closely to methods and elements now known.

Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.

Ex: There may be a very flexible communication system that overlays the administrative structure, or there may be a fairly rigid pattern of communication that adheres to the administrative lines of authority.

Ex: If a child detects that no very strong value is placed on reading then he feels no compulsion to develop his own reading skill beyond the minimal, functional level we all need simply to carry on our daily lives in our print-dominated society.

Ex: A plan for the construction and implementation phases will be drawn up, if it is decided to go ahead = Si se decide continuar, se elaborará un plan para las fases de construcción y puesta en práctica.

Ex: Russell soldiered on in 'Principles of Mathematics', he pleaded a distinction between analysis by way of philosophical definitions and analysis by way of mathematical definitions.

Ex: In 1964 he was promoted to Associate Director of the Processing Department where he succeeded John Cronin as Director four years later.

Ex: The structure adopted hews to the theoretical model of the resilient organization as described by Enright.

Ex: The disputes between islanders and outsiders overlie the deeper problem of administrative denial of indigenous lagoon rights.

Ex: He was told to ' keep up whatever it is he was doing' because he was doing great!.

Ex: But to make matters worse, and as the drought rolls on, it is very likely that it won't rain again until October or November.

* camino a seguir, el = way forward, the.

* como siga así = at this rate.

* como sigue = as follows.

* debate + seguir = debate + rage.

* difícil de seguir = heavy going.

* el camino a seguir = the way ahead, the way to go.

* hay que seguir adelante = the show must go on.

* indicar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.

* indicar el camino a seguir para = point + the way to.

* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.

* la vida + seguir = life + go on.

* modelos a seguir = lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* mostrar el camino a seguir = point + the way forward.

* no saber cómo seguir = be stuck, get + stuck.

* no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.

* pautas a seguir = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].

* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* procedimiento a seguir = code of practice.

* que sigue = ensuing.

* que sigue una norma = compliant (with).

* que uno sigue a su propio ritmo = self-paced, self-guided.

* resignarse y seguir adelante = bite + the bullet.

* seguir activo = remain + in being, remain + in place.

* seguir adelante = go forward, forge + ahead, forge + forward, go ahead, go straight ahead, carry through, move along, move forward, press forward (with), move + forward, continue on + Posesivo + way, move on.

* seguir adelante con = go ahead with, stick with.

* seguir a flote = stay in + business, stay + afloat.

* seguir al día = remain on top of.

* seguir Algo al pie de la letra = follow + Nombre + to the letter.

* seguir Algo a rajatabla = follow + Nombre + to the letter.

* seguir al pie de la letra = keep + strictly to the letter.

* seguir al pie del cañón = soldier on.

* seguir a rajatabla = keep + strictly to the letter.

* seguir así = keep + it up, keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* seguir caminando = continue on + Posesivo + way.

* seguir como antes = go on + as before.

* seguir como modelo = pattern.

* seguir con = go on with, maintain + continuity, maintain + momentum, stick at.

* seguir con Algo = take + Nombre + further.

* seguir con el buen hacer = keep up + the good work, keep up + the great work.

* seguir con el control = stay in + control.

* seguir con el mando = stay in + control.

* seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.

* seguir considerando = consider + further.

* seguir de cerca = monitor, stay in + control, keep + track of.

* seguir desarrollando = develop + further.

* seguir el buen camino = keep on + the right track, keep on + the straight and narrow.

* seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.

* seguir el camino más ético = take + the high ground, take + the high road.

* seguir el debate = follow + the thread.

* seguir el ejemplo = follow + the lead, take after.

* seguir el ejemplo de = take + Posesivo + cue from, take + a cue from.

* seguir el ejemplo de Alguien = take + a leaf out of + Posesivo + book, follow + Posesivo + example.

* seguir el hilo = follow + the thread.

* seguir el ritmo de Algo o Alguien = keep up with + pace.

* seguir en contacto = stay + tuned.

* seguir en contacto (con) = stay in + touch (with), keep in + touch (with).

* seguir en existencia = remain + in being.

* seguir en la brecha = soldier on.

* seguir en pie = hold + Posesivo + own, hold up.

* seguir entre los primeros = remain on top.

* seguir enviando + Nombre = keep + Nombre + coming.

* seguir este camino = go along + this road.

* seguir este rumbo = proceed + along this way.

* seguir + Gerundio = keep on + Gerundio.

* seguir haciéndolo así = keep up + the good work.

* seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.

* seguir haciendo lo mismo = business as usual.

* seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.

* seguir inmediatamente = fast on the heels of, on the heels of.

* seguir inmediatamente a = come on + the heels of.

* seguir irreconciliable con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir la conversación = follow + the thread.

* seguir la corazonada de uno = play + Posesivo + hunches.

* seguir la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* seguir la iniciativa = follow + the lead.

* seguir la marcha de = monitor.

* seguir la moda = catch + the fever.

* seguir la pista = follow up, track, follow through, shadow, track down.

* seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.

* seguir la pista de = keep + track of.

* seguir la trayectoria = follow up, follow through.

* seguirle el juego a, seguirle la corriente a = play along with.

* seguirle la corriente a = play along with.

* seguir levantado = stay up.

* seguir líneas diferentes = be on different lines.

* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.

* seguir los pasos de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* seguir malgastando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.

* seguir opuesto a = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir por delante de = keep + one step ahead of.

* seguir por el buen camino = keep out of + trouble, keep on + the right track.

* seguir + Posesivo + pasos = follow in + Posesivo + footsteps.

* seguir progresando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.

* seguirse = ensue.

* seguir siendo = remain.

* seguir siendo + Adjetivo = remain + Adjetivo.

* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.

* seguir sin agraciarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir sin haberse traducido = remain + untranslated.

* seguir sin reconciliarse con = remain + unreconciled to.

* seguir sin traducirse = remain + untranslated.

* seguir tirando el dinero = throw + good money after bad.

* seguir trabajando aceptando una limitación = work (a)round + shortcoming, work (a)round + limitation, work (a)round + constraints.

* seguir trabajando así = keep up + the good work.

* seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.

* seguir tratando = discuss + further.

* seguir una dirección = follow + path, take + path.

* seguir una escala = fall along + a continuum.

* seguir una estrategia = take + tack.

* seguir una filosofía = espouse + philosophy.

* seguir una metodología = adopt + approach.

* seguir una práctica = adopt + practice.

* seguir una táctica = take + tack.

* seguir una trayectoria = follow + track.

* seguir un camino = take + path, take + direction, tread + path, walk + path.

* seguir un camino diferente = strike out on + a different path.

* seguir un consejo = take + advice.

* seguir un curso de acción = follow + track.

* seguir un método = take + approach.

* seguir un modelo = embrace + model, conform to + image.

* seguir unos pasos = follow + steps.

* seguir un patrón = conform to + image.

* seguir un principio = adopt + convention.

* seguir un rumbo diferente = take + a different turn.

* seguir + Verbo = still + Verbo.

* seguir vigente = hold + Posesivo + own.

* seguir viviendo = live on.

* seguir vivo = live on, stay + alive.

* siguiendo = along.

* siguiendo un estilo indicativo = indicatively.

* si sigue así = at this rate.

* si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.

* tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.

* * *

seguir [ I30 ]

vt

A ‹persona/vehículo› to follow; ‹presa› to follow

sígame, por favor follow me, please

la hizo seguir por un detective he had her followed by a detective

camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

siga (a) ese coche follow that car!

creo que nos están siguiendo I think we're being followed

la siguió con la mirada he followed her with his eyes

le venían siguiendo los movimientos desde hacía meses they had been watching his movements for months

seguidos cada vez más de cerca por los japoneses with the Japanese catching up o gaining on them all the time

la mala suerte la seguía a todas partes she was dogged by bad luck wherever she went

el que la sigue la consigue or la mata ( fam); if at first you don't succeed, try, try again

B ‹camino/ruta›

siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o take o follow this road as far as the bridge

continuamos el viaje siguiendo la costa we continued our journey following the coast

me paré a saludarla y seguí mi camino I stopped to say hello to her and went on my way

si se sigue este camino se pasa por Capileira if you take this route you go through Capileira

seguimos las huellas del animal hasta el río we tracked the animal to the river

la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is taking o running its normal course

el tour sigue la ruta de Bolívar the tour follows the route taken by Bolivar

siguiéndole los pasos al hermano mayor, decidió estudiar medicina following in his elder brother's footsteps, he decided to study medicine

C (en el tiempo) to follow seguir A algo/algn to follow sth/sb

los disturbios que siguieron a la manifestación the disturbances that followed the demonstration

el hermano que me sigue está en Asunción the brother who comes after me is in Asunción

D

1 ‹instrucciones/consejo› to follow

tienes que seguir el dictamen de tu conciencia you must be guided by your conscience

2 (basarse en) ‹autor/teoría/método› to follow

en su clasificación sigue a Sheldon he follows Sheldon in his classification

sus esculturas siguen el modelo clásico her sculptures are in the classical style

sigue a Kant she's a follower of Kant's philosophy

sigue las líneas establecidas por nuestro fundador it follows the lines laid down by our founder

E

1 ‹trámite/procedimiento› to follow

va a tener que seguir un tratamiento especial/una dieta hipocalórica you will have to undergo special treatment/follow a low-calorie diet

se seguirá contra usted el procedimiento de suspensión del permiso de conducción steps will be taken leading to the withdrawal of your driver's license

2 ( Educ) ‹curso› to take

estoy siguiendo un cursillo de fotografía I'm doing o taking a short photography course

¿qué carrera piensas seguir? what are you thinking of studying o reading?

F

1 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow

dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

me cuesta seguir una conversación en francés I find it hard to follow a conversation in French

¿me siguen? are you with me?

2

(permanecer atento a): no sigo ese programa I don't watch that program, I'm not following that program

sigue atentamente el curso de los acontecimientos he's following the course of events very closely

sigue paso a paso la vida de su ídolo she keeps track of every detail of her idol's life

seguimos muy de cerca su desarrollo we are keeping careful track of its development, we are following its development very closely

■ seguir

vi

A

1 (por un camino) to go on

siga derecho or todo recto hasta el final de la calle keep o go straight on to the end of the street

sigue por esta calle hasta el semáforo go on down this street as far as the traffic lights

el tren sigue hasta Salto the train goes on to Salto

desde allí hay que seguir a pie/en mula from there you have to go on on foot/by mule

2

seguir adelante: ¿entienden? bien, entonces sigamos adelante do you understand? good, then let's carry on

llueve ¿regresamos? — no, sigamos adelante it's raining, shall we go back? — no, let's go on o carry on

resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans

3

( Col) (entrar): siga por favor come in, please

B

(en un lugar, un estado): ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?

espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well

¿sigues con la idea de mudarte? do you still intend to move?, are you still thinking of moving?

sigo sin entender I still don't understand

sigue soltera/tan bonita como siempre she's still single/as pretty as ever

si sigue así de trabajador, llegará lejos if he carries on working as hard as this, he'll go a long way

C

1

«tareas/investigaciones/rumores»: siguen las investigaciones en torno al crimen investigations are continuing into the crime

sigue el buen tiempo en todo el país the good weather is continuing throughout the country, the whole country is still enjoying good weather

si siguen estos rumores if these rumors persist

2 seguir + GER:

sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone

sigue leyendo tú, Elsa you read now, Elsa

si sigues molestando te voy a echar if you carry on being a nuisance, I'm going to send you out

seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way, I shall continue to do it my way ( frml)

D

1

(venir después, estar contiguo): lee lo que sigue read what follows, read what comes next

el capítulo que sigue the next chapter

me bajo en la parada que sigue I get off at the next stop

sigue una hora de música clásica there follows an hour of classical music

2 «historia/poema» to continue

¿cómo sigue la canción? how does the song go on?

[ S ] sigue en la página 8 continued on page 8

la lista definitiva ha quedado como sigue the final list is as follows

■ seguirse

v pron

( en tercera persona) seguirse DE algo to follow FROM sth

de esto se sigue que su muerte no fue accidental it follows from this that her death was not accidental

* * *

seguir ( conjugate seguir) verbo transitivo
1 ‹persona/vehículo/presa› to follow;
◊ camina muy rápido, no la puedo seguir she walks very fast, I can't keep up with her

2 ‹camino/ruta› to follow, go along;
◊ siga esta carretera hasta llegar al puente go along o follow this road as far as the bridge;

la saludé y seguí mi camino I said hello to her and went on (my way);
la enfermedad sigue su curso normal the illness is running its normal course
3
a) ‹instrucciones/consejo/flecha› to follow

b) ‹autor/método/tradición/moda› to follow;

◊ seguir los pasos de algn to follow in sb's footsteps

4
a) ‹trámite/procedimiento› to follow;

‹ tratamiento› to undergo
b) (Educ) ‹ curso› to do, take

5 ‹explicaciones/profesor› to follow;
◊ dicta demasiado rápido, no la puedo seguir she dictates too quickly, I can't keep up

verbo intransitivo
1
a) ( por un camino) to go on;

siga derecho or todo recto keep o go straight on;
◊ sigue por esta calle go on down this street;

seguir de largo (AmL) to go straight past
b)

◊ seguir adelante to carry on;

resolvieron seguir adelante con los planes they decided to go ahead with their plans
c) (Col, Ven) ( entrar):

◊ siga por favor come in, please

2 (en lugar, estado):
◊ ¿tus padres siguen en Ginebra? are your parents still in Geneva?;

espero que sigan todos bien I hope you're all keeping well;
sigue soltera she's still single;
si las cosas siguen así … if things carry on like this …
3 [tareas/buen tiempo/lluvia] to continue;
[ rumores] to persist;
◊ sigo pensando que deberíamos haber ido I still think we ought to have gone;

seguiré haciéndolo a mi manera I'll go on o carry on doing it my way
4
a) ( venir después):

◊ lee lo que sigue read what comes next;

el capítulo que sigue the next chapter
b) [historia/poema] to continue, go on

seguir
I verbo transitivo
1 to follow: ésta es la hermana que me sigue, she's the sister who comes after me
me sigue a todas partes, he follows me wherever I go
me seguía con la mirada, his eyes followed me
2 (comprender) to understand, follow: no soy capaz de seguir el argumento, I can't follow the plot
3 (una ruta, un camino, consejo) to follow
4 (el ritmo, la moda) to keep: no sigues el ritmo, you aren't keeping time
5 (el rastro, las huellas) to track
6 (una actividad) sigue un curso de informática, she's doing a computer course
II verbo intransitivo
1 (continuar) to keep (on), go on: seguiremos mañana, we'll continue tomorrow
siguen casados, they are still married
sigue tirando de la cuerda, keep (on) pulling at the rope ➣ Ver nota en continue y keep 2 (extenderse, llegar hasta) to stretch (out): los sembrados siguen hasta la ribera, the fields stretch down to the river-bank
' seguir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
atorarse
- continuar
- escala
- golpe
- impulsar
- juego
- profesar
- rastrear
- ritmo
- sino
- suceder
- trece
- adelante
- bordear
- camino
- cauce
- cerca
- línea
- llevar
- moda
- paso
- perro
- racha
- separar
- siga
- sigo
- trazar
- ver
English:
act on
- advice
- along
- carry on
- closely
- continue
- despite
- ensue
- fight on
- follow
- follow up
- forge
- get on
- go ahead
- go on
- go through with
- hope
- hotly
- keep
- keep on
- lead
- march on
- monitor
- move on
- obey
- pick up
- play on
- play upon
- practice
- practise
- press ahead
- proceed
- pursue
- push ahead
- push on
- rattle on
- reasoning
- run on
- send on
- shadow
- soldier on
- stalk
- stand
- stay out
- struggle on
- succeed
- tail
- take
- track
- trail

* * *

seguir

♦ vt

1. [ir detrás de, tomar la ruta de] to follow;

tú ve delante, que yo te sigo you go ahead, I'll follow o I'll go behind;

síganme, por favor follow me, please;

la generación que nos sigue o [m5] que sigue a la nuestra the next generation, the generation after us;

sigue este sendero hasta llegar a un bosque follow this path until you come to a forest;

seguir el rastro de alguien/algo to follow sb's/sth's tracks;

siga la flecha [en letrero] follow the arrow

2. [perseguir] to follow;

me parece que nos siguen I think we're being followed;

seguir a alguien de cerca to tail sb;

parece que le siguen los problemas trouble seems to follow him around wherever he goes;

Prov

el que la sigue la consigue where there's a will there's a way

3. [estar atento a, imitar, obedecer] to follow;

seguían con la vista la trayectoria de la bola they followed the ball with their eyes;

no seguimos ese programa we don't follow that programme;

seguir algo de cerca [su desarrollo, sus resultados] to follow o monitor sth closely;

siempre sigue los dictámenes de la moda she always follows the latest fashion;

los que siguen a Keynes followers of Keynes;

el cuadro sigue una línea clásica the painting is classical in style;

seguir las órdenes/instrucciones de alguien to follow sb's orders/instructions;

sigue mi consejo y habla con ella take my advice and talk to her;

siguiendo sus indicaciones, hemos cancelado el pedido we have cancelled the order as instructed

4. [reanudar, continuar] to continue, to resume;

yo seguí mi trabajo/camino I continued with my work/on my way;

él siguió su discurso he continued o resumed his speech

5. [comprender] [explicación, profesor, conferenciante] to follow;

me costaba seguirle I found her hard to follow;

¿me sigues? do you follow?, are you with me?

6. [mantener, someterse a] to follow;

hay que seguir un cierto orden you have to follow o do things in a certain order;

seguiremos el procedimiento habitual we will follow the usual procedure;

es difícil seguirle (el ritmo), va muy deprisa it's hard to keep up with him, he goes very quickly;

los aspirantes elegidos seguirán un proceso de formación the chosen candidates will receive o undergo training

7. [cursar]
sigue un curso de italiano he's doing an Italian course;

sigue la carrera de medicina she's studying medicine

♦ vi

1. [proseguir, no detenerse] to continue, to go on;

¡sigue, no te pares! go o carry on, don't stop!;

aquí se baja él, yo sigo [al taxista] he's getting out here, I'm going on;

siga con su trabajo carry on with your work;

el sendero sigue hasta la cima the path continues o carries on to the top;

"sigue la crisis en la bolsa de Tokio" Tokyo stock market crisis continues;

debes seguir haciéndolo you should keep on o carry on doing it;

¿vas a seguir intentándolo? are you going to keep trying?;

se seguían viendo de vez en cuando they still saw each other from time to time, they continued to see each other from time to time;

seguir adelante (con algo) [con planes, proyectos] to go ahead (with sth)

2. [mantenerse, permanecer]
sigue enferma/en el hospital she's still ill/in hospital;

¿qué tal sigue la familia? how's the family getting on o keeping?;

todo sigue igual everything's still the same, nothing has changed;

sigue el buen tiempo en el sur del país the good weather in the south of the country is continuing;

sigo trabajando en la fábrica I'm still working at the factory;

¿la sigues queriendo? do you still love her?;

sigo pensando que está mal I still think it's wrong;

sigue habiendo dudas sobre… doubts remain about…;

¡buen trabajo, sigue así! good work, keep it up!;

si seguimos jugando así, ganaremos la liga if we carry on o keep playing like that, we'll win the league;
Fam
a seguir bien [como despedida] take care, look after yourself;

de seguir así las cosas, si las cosas siguen así if things go on like this, the way things are going

3. [tomar un camino]
el resto siguió por otro camino the rest went another way;

seguiremos hacia el este we'll go east then;

siga todo recto go straight on;

siga hasta el siguiente semáforo carry on till you get to the next set of traffic lights

4. [sucederse, ir después] to follow;

lo que sigue es una cita del Corán the following is a quotation from the Koran;

seguir a algo to follow sth;

la lluvia siguió a los truenos the thunder was followed by rain;

¿cómo sigue el chiste? how does the joke go on o continue?;

el proceso de selección se realizará como sigue:… the selection process will be carried out as follows:…;

sigue en la página 20 [en periódico, libro] continued on page 20

5. Col [para dar permiso] please do;

con permiso, ¿puedo entrar? – siga excuse me, can I come in? – please do

♦ See also the pronominal verb seguirse

* * *

seguir

I v/t

1 consejo, camino, moda etc follow;

seguir a alguien follow s.o.

2 ( permanecer)

:

seguir fiel a alguien remain faithful to s.o.

II v/i continue, carry on;

seguir con algo continue with sth, carry on with sth;

seguir haciendo algo go on doing sth, continue to do sth;

sigue cometiendo los mismos errores he keeps on making the same mistakes;

sigue enfadado conmigo he’s still angry with me;

¡a seguir bien! take care!, take it easy!

* * *

seguir {75} vt

1) : to follow

el sol sigue la lluvia: sunshine follows the rain

seguiré tu consejo: I'll follow your advice

me siguieron con la mirada: they followed me with their eyes

2) : to go along, to keep on

seguimos toda la carretera panamericana: we continued along the PanAmerican Highway

siguió hablando: he kept on talking

seguir el curso: to stay on course

3) : to take (a course, a treatment)

seguir vi

1) : to go on, to keep going

sigue adelante: keep going, carry on

2) : to remain, to continue to be

¿todavía sigues aquí?: you're still here?

sigue con vida: she's still alive

3) : to follow, to come after

la frase que sigue: the following sentence

* * *

seguir vb

1. (en general) to follow

ese perro me sigue a todas partes that dog follows me everywhere

el jueves sigue al miércoles Thursday follows Wednesday

2. (cursar estudios) to do

sigue un curso de informática he's doing a computing course

3. (recorrer) to go on

siga todo recto hasta la plaza go straight on until you get to the square

¡sigue! No te pares go on! Don't stop!

4. (continuar) to be still

sigue enfermo he's still ill

sigo viviendo en el mismo sitio I'm still living in the same place

Spanish-English dictionary > seguir
33 truco

m.

1 trick (trampa, engaño).

un truco de magia a magic trick

la baraja no tiene truco it's a perfectly normal pack o (British) deck of cards (United States)

2 knack.

el truco está en saber no dejarlo demasiado tiempo en el horno the secret is not to leave it in the oven for too long

pillarle el truco (a algo) to get the knack (of something)

tiene truco there's a knack to it

no tiene truco there's nothing to it

truco publicitario advertising gimmick

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: trucar.

* * *

truco

► nombre masculino

1 (ardid) trick

2 (fotográfico) trick effect, trick camera shot

3 (tranquillo) knack

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

coger el truco a algo familiar to get the knack of something, get the hang of something

tener truco to be tricky

truco publicitario advertising stunt, advertising gimmick

* * *

noun m.

trick

* * *

SM

1) (=ardid) trick, dodge; (Cine) trick effect, piece of trick photography

el tío tiene muchos trucos — the fellow is up to all the tricks in the book

coger el truco a algn — to see how sb works a trick, catch on to sb's little game

arte de los trucos — conjuring

truco de naipes — card trick

truco publicitario — advertising gimmick

2) (=habilidad) knack

coger el truco — to get the knack, get the hang of it, catch on

3) And, Cono Sur (=puñetazo) punch, bash *

4) Cono Sur (Naipes) popular card game

5) pl trucos (Billar) billiards sing, pool sing

* * *

masculino trick

debe de haber algún truco — there must be a catch

el truco está en... — the trick o secret is...

pillarle el truco a algo — to get the hang of something

* * *

= gimmick, trick, stunt, subterfuge, peccadillo [peccadilloes, -pl.], work-around [workaround], sleight-of-hand, gaff, wheeze.

Ex. Many outreach efforts foundered because they were primarily public relations gimmicks aimed at changing the public rather than the library.

Ex. But if variable-length keys are not supported by a data base, various tricks are often necessary to provide access to the library data which has inherently variable-length keys.

Ex. People think that that this is just a stunt to generate more traffic to a lamely performing Web site.

Ex. Citing authors' names in references can cause great difficulties, as ghosts, subterfuges, and collaborative teamwork may often obscure the true begetters of published works.

Ex. On the surface level, intermediaries use their mastery (knowledge and competence) of IR systems -- their contents, techniques, peccadilloes -- not mastered by users.

Ex. Obviously, the work-around is to cut-and-paste this into the end of the document, but why did this happen in the first place?.

Ex. This volume tellingly reveals the many negotiations, improvisations, sleights-of-hand, and slipknots that were a part of the crafting of Hitchcock's films.

Ex. There are magicians that choose not to work with gaffs of any type because they want to take magic in new directions.

Ex. Last year's profits were more than halved, so the company has come up with a clever wheeze.

----

* aprender los trucos del oficio = learn + the ropes.

* caja de trucos = box of tricks.

* cogerle el truco a Algo = get + the hang of.

* encontrarle el truco a Algo = have + a handle on, get + a handle on.

* trato o truco = trick or treat.

* truco del oficio = trade trick, trick of the trade.

* truco de magia = conjuring trick.

* truco para ligar = chat-up line.

* trucos = bag of tricks, gimmickry, tips and tricks.

* trucos del oficio = tips of the trade.

* * *

masculino trick

debe de haber algún truco — there must be a catch

el truco está en... — the trick o secret is...

pillarle el truco a algo — to get the hang of something

* * *

= gimmick, trick, stunt, subterfuge, peccadillo [peccadilloes, -pl.], work-around [workaround], sleight-of-hand, gaff, wheeze.

Ex: Many outreach efforts foundered because they were primarily public relations gimmicks aimed at changing the public rather than the library.

Ex: But if variable-length keys are not supported by a data base, various tricks are often necessary to provide access to the library data which has inherently variable-length keys.

Ex: People think that that this is just a stunt to generate more traffic to a lamely performing Web site.

Ex: Citing authors' names in references can cause great difficulties, as ghosts, subterfuges, and collaborative teamwork may often obscure the true begetters of published works.

Ex: On the surface level, intermediaries use their mastery (knowledge and competence) of IR systems -- their contents, techniques, peccadilloes -- not mastered by users.

Ex: Obviously, the work-around is to cut-and-paste this into the end of the document, but why did this happen in the first place?.

Ex: This volume tellingly reveals the many negotiations, improvisations, sleights-of-hand, and slipknots that were a part of the crafting of Hitchcock's films.

Ex: There are magicians that choose not to work with gaffs of any type because they want to take magic in new directions.

Ex: Last year's profits were more than halved, so the company has come up with a clever wheeze.

* aprender los trucos del oficio = learn + the ropes.

* caja de trucos = box of tricks.

* cogerle el truco a Algo = get + the hang of.

* encontrarle el truco a Algo = have + a handle on, get + a handle on.

* trato o truco = trick or treat.

* truco del oficio = trade trick, trick of the trade.

* truco de magia = conjuring trick.

* truco para ligar = chat-up line.

* trucos = bag of tricks, gimmickry, tips and tricks.

* trucos del oficio = tips of the trade.

* * *

truco

masculine

trick

truco de cartas/prestidigitación card/conjuring trick

este juego no tiene ningún truco there's no trick to this game

debe de haber algún truco there must be a catch

el truco está en agregarlo poco a poco the trick o secret is to add it slowly

resulta fácil una vez que le or coges or pillas el truco it's easy once you've got the knack o once you've got the hang of it ( colloq)

* * *

Del verbo trucar: ( conjugate trucar)

truco es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

trucó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
trucar
truco
trucar ( conjugate trucar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹dados/juego/elecciones› to fix, rig

b) ‹ fotografía› to touch up

truco sustantivo masculino
trick;
◊ el truco está en… the trick o secret is…;

pillarle el truco a algo to get the hang of sth
trucar verbo transitivo
1 (una fotografía) to touch up
2 (un contador, etc) to fix, fiddle, US to rig
3 Auto to soup up
truco sustantivo masculino
1 (maña, magia, etc) trick: aprenderás los trucos del oficio, you will learn the tricks of the trade
¿tienes algún truco para quitar las manchas de vino?, do you know any trick to remove wine stains?
2 (tranquillo) knack: ya le cogerás el truco, you'll get the knack

' truco' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
artificio
- mágica
- mágico
- maña
- resabio
- residir
- trapisonda
- ahí
- atraer
- publicitario
- secreto
- visto
English:
dodge
- fall for
- gimmick
- hang
- knack
- ruse
- stunt
- trick

* * *

truco nm

1. [trampa, engaño] trick;

un truco de magia a magic trick;

el viejo truco de hacerse pasar por extranjero the old trick of pretending to be foreign;

la baraja no tiene truco it's a perfectly normal pack of cards

2. [técnica hábil] knack;

el truco está en saber no dejarlo demasiado tiempo en el horno the secret is not to leave it in the oven for too long;

tiene truco there's a knack to it;

no tiene truco there's no secret o trick to it;

Comp
Hum
este es el truco del almendruco that's the trick;

Comp

pillarle el truco (a algo) to get the knack o hang (of sth)

Comp
truco publicitario advertising gimmick
3. RP [juego de naipes] = type of card game

4. Chile [golpe] punch, thump

* * *

truco

m trick;

pillar o Esp tb

coger el truco a algo fam get the hang of sth fam

* * *

truco nm

1) : trick

2) : knack

* * *

truco n trick

trucos de magia magic tricks

los trucos del oficio the tricks of the trade

Spanish-English dictionary > truco
34 de

prep.

1 of.

el coche de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car

es de ella it's hers

la pata de la mesa the table leg

La casa de mi padre The house of my father [My father's house]

2 from (procedencia, distancia).

salir de casa to leave home

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 meters from the beach to the apartment

3 (made) of (materia).

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

un reloj de oro a gold watch

4 about (asunto).

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you

libros de historia history books

5 as.

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman

6 from (time) (since).

trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five

de madrugada early in the morning

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day

7 with (causa, modo).

morirse de hambre to die of hunger

llorar de alegría to cry with joy

de una patada with a kick

de una sola vez in one go

de tres en tres three at a time

8 if.

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it

9 to.

Está ansiosa de obtener ese trabajo She is anxious to have that job.

f.

1 letter d.

2 SD, standard deviation.

3 ED, dose of erythema, erythema dose.

* * *

de

► nombre femenino

1 name of the letter d

————————

de

► preposición

1 (posesión, pertenencia) of

■ el libro de Juan Juan's book

■ el coche de mis padres my parents' car

■ el hermano de mi padre my father's brother

■ la mesa de mi habitación the table in my bedroom

2 (procedencia, origen) from

■ soy de Córdoba I'm from Córdoba

■ viene de Barcelona she comes from Barcelona

3 (descripción) with

■ la niña de ojos castaños the girl with dark eyes, the dark-eyed girl

■ el señor del abrigo azul the man in the blue coat

4 (tema) of, on, about

■ hablaron del tiempo they talked about the weather

5 (materia) made of, of

■ una mesa de madera a wooden table

■ un anillo de oro a gold ring

■ lo hicieron de plástico they made it out of plastic

6 (contenido) of

■ un vaso de agua a glass of water

7 (uso) for

■ aguja de calcetar knitting needle

■ gallo de pelea fighting cock

8 (oficio) by, as

■ trabaja de profesor he works as a teacher

■ es médico de profesión he's a doctor by profession

9 (modo) on, in, as

■ de pie standing up

■ estar de moda to be in fashion

10 (tiempo) at, by, in

■ de día by day, during the day

■ de noche at night

■ a las diez de la mañana at ten in the morning

11 (lugar) varias traducciones

■ la vecina de arriba our upstairs neighbour

■ el lavabo de abajo the downstairs toilet

■ la ventana de la derecha the window on the right

■ la puerta de la calle the street door

12 (precio) at

■ manzanas de dos euros el kilo apples at two euros a kilo

13 (medida) measuring

■ una botella de dos litros a two litre bottle

■ una mesa de un metro de ancho a metre-wide table

14 (causa) with, because of, of

■ llorar de alegría to cry with joy

■ morir de frío to die of cold

15 (agente) by

■ es una obra de Lope a play by Lope

16 (con superlativo) in, of

■ el mejor de España the best in Spain

■ el mayor de los tres the eldest of the three

17 (suposición) if

■ de haberlo dicho if he had told us

18 (en una aposición) of

■ la ciudad de Barcelona the city of Barcelona Table 1 NOTA See also del/Table 1

* * *

prep.

1) of

2) from

3) in, at

4) than

5) by

* * *

PREPOSITION

1) [relación] of

las calles de Madrid — the streets of Madrid

el alcalde de Valencia — the mayor of Valencia

cabo de Buena Esperanza — Cape of Good Hope

la ciudad de Madrid — the city of Madrid

en el mes de agosto — in the month of August

un libro de consulta — a reference book

un millón de euros — a million euros

la carretera de Valencia — the Valencia road, the road to Valencia

el interés del préstamo — the interest on the loan

la llave de mi cuarto — the key to my room

en el día de hoy — today

tuvieron la desgracia de perder el partido — they were unlucky enough to lose the match

ya era hora de que vinieses — it's about time you got here

el hecho de que yo no supiera nada — the fact that I didn't know anything about it

2) [pertenencia]

la casa de Isabel — Isabel's house

el coche de mi amigo — my friend's car

un familiar de mi vecina — a relative of my neighbour's

los coches de mis amigos — my friends' cars

el vestuario de las actrices — the actresses' dressing room

la señora de Pérez — Pérez's wife, Mrs Pérez

es de ellos — it's theirs

esa contestación es muy de ella — that answer is typical of her

3) [característica, material]

una cadena de oro — a gold chain

no es de oro — it's not gold

una puerta de cristal — a glass door

una cocina de gas — a gas cooker

este modelo es de electricidad — this model uses electricity, this is an electric model

ropa de buena calidad — good-quality clothes

un billete de primera clase — a first-class ticket

la niña de pelo largo — the girl with the long hair

ese tío del sombrero — that chap with o in the hat

pintado de rojo — painted red

lo tengo de varios colores distintos — I have it in several different colours

4) [contenido]

una caja de bombones — a box of chocolates

una copa de vino — [llena] a glass of wine; [vacía] a wine glass

una bolsita de té — a tea bag

estaba hecha un saco de nervios — she was a bundle of nerves

5) [origen, distancia, espacio temporal] from

soy de Galicia — I'm from Galicia

Julia no es de aquí — Julia is not from round here

los de Madrid son los mejores — the ones from Madrid are the best, the Madrid ones are the best

es de buena familia — he's from a good family

vuelo 507 (procedente) de Londres — flight 507 from London

vive a 20km de Madrid — she lives 20km from Madrid

aléjate del fuego — move away from the fire

marcó un gol a dos minutos del final del partido — he scored two minutes from the end of the match

el tren de Santiago — the Santiago train

el avión pasó a muy poca altura del suelo — the plane flew by at very low altitude

salir del cine — to come out of the cinema
de... a...
vivió de 1898 a 1937 — he lived from 1898 to 1937

de mi casa a la suya hay 5km — it is 5km from my house to his

de mayo a julio — from May to July

del 15 al 30 — from the 15th to the 30th

6) [causa]

murió de viejo — he died from old age

me dolían los pies de tanto andar — my feet were sore from all that walking

de puro cansado — out of sheer tiredness

no podía moverse de miedo — he was rigid with fear

estar loco de alegría — to be wild with joy

saltar de alegría — to jump for joy

7) [manera]

lo derribó de un solo puñetazo — he felled him with a single blow

se puso a mi lado de un salto — he jumped to my side

se lo bebió de un trago — he drank it all down in one go
de... en...
iban entrando de dos en dos — they came in two by two

bajó la escalera de tres en tres — he came down the stairs three at a time

de puerta en puerta — from door to door

8) (=respecto de)

estar mejor de salud — to be in better health, be better

es fuerte de brazos — he has strong arms

paralizado de las dos piernas — paralysed in both legs

es muy estrecho de hombros — he doesn't have very broad shoulders

9) [tema] about

un libro de biología — a biology book, a book on o about biology

hablaba de política — he was talking about politics

no sé nada de él — I don't know anything about him

una clase de francés — a French class

10) [uso]

máquina de coser — sewing machine

goma de mascar — chewing gum

11) [cantidad, medida, valor]

un chico de quince años — a fifteen-year-old boy

un viaje de dos días — a two-day journey

un embarazo de siete meses — a seven-month pregnancy

una moneda de 5 pesos — a 5-peso coin

tiene un metro de alto — it's a metre high

12) [con horas y fechas]

a las siete de la mañana — at seven o'clock in the morning, at seven a.m.

son las dos de la tarde — it's two o'clock in the afternoon, it's two p.m.

muy de mañana — very early in the morning

el 3 de mayo — 3 May ( leído May the third {o}2} the third of May)

13) [tiempo]

de día — during the day(time)

de noche — at night

de niño — as a child

de mayor voy a ser médico — when I grow up I'm going to be a doctor

14) [proporción]

tres de cada cuatro — three out of every four

15) [uso partitivo] of

uno de nosotros — one of us

comió un poco de pastel — she ate a bit of cake

¡había una de gente! — * there were loads of people there! *

16) [autoría] by

un libro de Cela — a book by Cela, a book of Cela's

las películas de Almodóvar — Almodóvar's films

17) [como complemento agente] by

fue amado de todos — he was loved by all

el rey entró seguido de su séquito — the king entered, followed by his entourage

tiene dos hijos de su primera mujer — he has two children by his first wife

18) [en aposición a sustantivos o adjetivos]

el bueno/pobre de Pedro — good/poor old Pedro

el imbécil de Fernández — that idiot Fernández

es un encanto de persona — he's a lovely person

19) [en comparaciones] than

es más difícil de lo que creía — it's more difficult than I thought

más/menos de siete — more/less than seven

más de 500 personas — more than o over 500 people

20) [con superlativos] in

el peor alumno de la clase — the worst pupil in the class

el más caro de la tienda/mundo — the most expensive in the shop/world

es el coche más caro del mercado — it's the dearest car on the market

21) + infin

un problema fácil de resolver — an easily solved problem

un libro agradable de leer — a nice book to read
ser de ({+ infin}8})
es de admirar su lealtad — his loyalty is admirable

es de esperar que recibamos una pronta respuesta — it is to be hoped that we receive a prompt reply

sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

22) [dependiente de formas verbales]

la acusaban de hipócrita — they accused her of being a hypocrite

colmar de elogios a algn — to shower praise on sb

se dio cuenta de que lo sabía — she realized (that) she knew it

de esto se deduce que... — from this it can be deduced that...

disfrutar de la vida — to enjoy life

¿qué esperabas de él? — what did you expect from him?

limpiar algo de polvo — to dust sth

llenar algo de algo — to fill sth with sth

se sirvió de sus amigos para salir de un mal trago — he turned to his friends to help him through a difficult patch

trabaja de camarero — he works as a waiter

lo uso de despensa — I use it as a pantry

vestido de azul — dressed in blue

23) [uso condicional] if

de ser posible — if possible

de haberlo sabido no habría venido — if I had known, I wouldn't have come

de resultar esto así — if this turns out to be true

de no ser así — if it were not so, were it not so

de no — LAm (=si no) otherwise

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex. The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex. These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex. Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex. However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

----

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de †frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way .

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili.

* * *
I
preposición

Sentido I

1) (en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión)

la casa de mis padres/de la actriz — my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia — the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis — Luis's birthday

no es de él/de ella/de ellos — it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted — (frml) your father

es un amigo de mi hijo/de la familia — he's a friend of my son's/the family

un estudiante de quinto año — a fifth-year student

la correa del perro — the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair — a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola — the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital — the streets of the capital

la subida de los precios — the rise in prices

al término de la reunión — at the end of the meeting

2)

a) ( introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima — the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas — Barajas airport

el mes de enero — the month of January

b) ( con apellidos)

[de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena — ≈Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Díaz — (frml) Mr and Mrs Díaz

las señoritas de Paz — (frml) the Misses Paz (frml)

c) ( en exclamaciones)

pobre de él! — poor him!

ay de mí! — (liter) woe is me! (liter)

Sentido II

3) (expresando procedencia, origen, tiempo) from

volvía del banco — I was on my way back from the bank

es de Bogotá — she's/she comes from Bogotá

una carta de Julia — a letter from Julia

lo saqué de la biblioteca — I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo — she picked it up off the floor

un hijo de su primera mujer — a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda — as he left the store

un amigo de la infancia — a childhood friend

la literatura de ese período — the literature of o from that period

de un día para otro — from one day to the next

de... a... — from... to...

de aquí a tu casa — from here to your house

de nueve a cinco — it's open from nine to five

4) (al especificar material, contenido, composición)

son de plástico — they're (made of) plastic

una mesa de caoba — a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina — an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

un curso de secretariado — a secretarial course

un vaso de agua — a glass of water

una colección de sellos — a stamp collection

un millón de dólares — a million dollars

5) (expresando causa, modo)

murió de viejo — he died of old age

verde de envidia — green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar — he was hoarse from shouting so much

temblando de miedo — trembling with fear

de memoria — by heart

lo tumbó de un golpe — he knocked him down with one blow

de dos en dos or (CS) de a dos — two at a time

de a poco/de a uno — (CS) little by little/one by one

Sentido III

6)

a) (introduciendo cualidades, características)

es de una paciencia increíble — he is incredibly patient

objetos de mucho valor — objects of great value

¿de qué color lo quiere? — what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido — he looks bored

tienes cosas de niño — sometimes you act like a child

una botella de un litro — a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses — a three-month-old child

la chica de azul/del abrigo rojo — the girl in blue/in the red coat

un hombre de pelo largo — a man with long hair

b) ( refiriéndose a una etapa en la vida) as

de niño — as a o when he was a child

7) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad)

el cepillo de la ropa — the clothes brush

copas de vino — wine glasses

ropa de cama — bed clothes

dales algo de comer — give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? — what's for dessert?

8)

a) (al definir, especificar)

el botón de abajo — the bottom button

el vecino de al lado — the next-door neighbor

es muy bonita de cara — she has a pretty face

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? — how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho — it's two meters wide

es fácil/difícil de pronunciar — it's easy/difficult to pronounce

b) ( sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? — which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos — she took one of mine

el mayor de los Soto — the eldest of the Soto children

9) ( con sentido ponderativo)

lo encontré de viejo...! — he seemed so old!

qué de coches! — (fam) what a lot of cars!

10)

a) ( con cifras)

el número de estudiantes es de 480 — there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% — they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 — it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo — it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 — a number over/under 29

c) ( con un superlativo)

es el más caro de todos — it's the most expensive one

la ciudad más grande del mundo — the biggest city in the world

11) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día)

duerme de día y trabaja de noche — she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada — they left very early in the morning

12) ( en calidad de) as

trabaja de secretaria — she works as a secretary

hace de rey en la obra — he plays (the part of) a king in the play

13) (en expresiones de estado, actividad)

de mal humor — in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general/fiesta — we're spring-cleaning/having a party

14) ( en oraciones pasivas) by

una novela de Goytisolo — a novel by Goytisolo

una casa rodeada de árboles — a house surrounded by trees

Sentido IV

15) ( con sentido condicional)

a)

de + inf: de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known o had I known, I would have come earlier; de no ser así no será considerada — otherwise it will not be considered

b)

ser de + inf — (expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad)

es de esperar que... — it is to be hoped that...

es de destacar su actuación — her performance is worthy of note
II
femenino: name of the letter d

* * *

= across, in respect for, of, off, out of, from, featuring.

Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

Ex: The author of a document is the person or organisation responsible for its creation, that is, the writer of a text, the illustrator in respect for illustrations and others responsible for the intellectual content of a work.

Ex: These institutes brought together some of the most influential people in the field.

Ex: Having entered the next state and a highway off the turnpike, he was amazed by the extraordinary flatness of the land, especially in contrast to the hilly terrain he had grown up with back home.

Ex: However, out of the enormous abundance of information produced, only 50% is new while the rest is redundant.

Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.

* abogado de oficio = legal aid.

* actuar de otro modo = do + otherwise.

* alabanza de boquilla = lip service.

* alabar de boquilla = give + lip service.

* autorizado de antemano = pre-authorised [pre-authorized, -USA].

* cambiar de una vez a otra = change from + time to time, vary + from time to time.

* comenzar de nuevo = start + all over again.

* de... a = through.

* de abajo hacia arriba = bottom-up.

* de abolengo = well-born.

* de abordo = in-flight.

* de absorción = absorptive.

* de acá para allá = back and forth, to and fro.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de acción = action-centered.

* de acompañante = in tow.

* de actitud = attitudinal.

* de actuación = for action.

* de actualidad = topical.

* de acuerdo = okay, granted, all right, in concert, in agreement, okeydokey! [okidoki], in consort.

* de acuerdo a = according to.

* de acuerdo con = according to, as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, consistent with, in harmony with, in accordance with, in concert with, in keeping with, in line with, in step with, in tune with, by, pursuant to, in concurrence with, based on, in agreement with, as far as + Sujeto + Verbo, in consonance with, in accord with, judging by, to judge by, in conformity with, in + Posesivo + view, judging from.

* de acuerdo con el tema = thematically.

* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.

* de acuerdo con esto = accordingly.

* de acuerdo con la búsqueda de cadenas de caracteres = on a string search basis.

* de acuerdo con la estación del año = seasonally.

* de acuerdo con la ley = according to law.

* de acuerdo con la tendencia hacia = in the trend towards.

* de acuerdo con + Nombre = going on + Nombre.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de acuerdo con + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.

* de acuerdo con + Pronombre = in + Posesivo + opinion, in + Posesivo + opinion.

* de adaptación = adaptive.

* de frica = African.

* de Africa occidental = West African.

* de agua = water-based.

* de aguas profundas = deep-sea.

* de ahí = therefrom.

* de ahí que = hence.

* de ahora en adelante = from now on, from this point on.

* de Alaska = Alaskan.

* de Albania = Albanian.

* de alcance estatal = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcance nacional = nationwide [nation-wide].

* de alcohol = spirit-based.

* de alguna forma = in one way or another, one way or another.

* de alguna manera = in some sense, in some way, somehow, in any sense, some way.

* de alguna otra forma = in any other way.

* de algún modo = in any way [in anyway], somehow, after a fashion, in some form, some way.

* de algún modo + Adjetivo = otherwise + Adjetivo.

* de algún modo u otro = of some sort.

* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.

* de algún tipo = of some description.

* de algún tipo u otro = of some sort.

* de alta alcurnia = well-born.

* de alta cuna = well-born.

* de alta densidad = high-density.

* de alta energía = high energy.

* de alta fidelidad = hi-fi.

* de alta mar = offshore, sea-going, ocean-going.

* de alta potencia = high power.

* de alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.

* de alta productividad = high-performance.

* de alta resistencia = heavy-duty.

* de alta tecnología = high-tech, high-technology.

* de alta tensión = heavy-current.

* de alta velocidad = high-speed.

* de alto abolengo = well-born.

* de alto ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.

* de alto rango = high-ranking, highly placed.

* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.

* de altos vuelos = high-flying, high-powered.

* de alto voltaje = high-voltage.

* de altura = high, top-notch.

* de altura regulable = height-adjustable.

* de aluvión = alluvial.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* de amplio alcance = broad in scope.

* de antaño = of old, age-old, old-time, of yore, of olden days, of yesteryear, bygone, gone by.

* de antemano = in advance (of), beforehand.

* de antes de la guerra = pre-war [prewar].

* de antigua generación = low-end.

* de antiguo = from time immemorial.

* de apariencia = cosmetic.

* de apariencia engañosa = meretricious.

* de aplicación específica = special-purpose.

* de aplicación específica a un equipo de ordenador = hardware-based.

* de aplicación general = general-purpose, of general application.

* de apoyo = enabling, supportive.

* de aprovechamiento = exploitative.

* de aquel entonces = of that day.

* de aquí para allá = back and forth.

* de aquí te espero = tremendous, enormous, humongous [humungous], gianormous.

* de Arabia Saudí = Saudi Arabian.

* de archivo = archival, archive.

* de armas tomar = redoubtable.

* de arranque = bootable.

* de arriba abajo = from top to bottom, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de arriba hacia abajo = top-down.

* de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.

* de asesoramiento = consultative.

* de aspecto = looking.

* de aspecto antiguo = old-face.

* de aspecto complicado = complicated-looking.

* de aspecto delgado = lean-looking.

* de aspecto digno = dignified.

* de aspecto impresionante = impressive-looking.

* de aspecto nuevo = new-looking.

* de aspecto poco profesional = botched-up.

* de aspecto profesional = professional-looking.

* de aspecto ruinoso = run-down.

* de aspecto solemne = dignified.

* de atención básica = preattentive.

* de atención primaria = preattentive.

* de atrás = rear.

* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.

* de aupa = royal.

* de autodesprecio = self-deprecating.

* de autogestión = self-managing.

* de autoprotección = self-protective.

* de autosuficiencia = self-satisfied.

* de baja calidad = poor in detail, low-grade [lowgrade], low-quality, third rate [third-rate], low-end, trashy [trashier -comp., trashiest -sup.].

* de baja intensidad = low-intensity [low intensity].

* de baja ralea = ignoble.

* de bajísima calidad = shoddy.

* de bajo consumo = low energy.

* de bajo contenido en grasas = low fat.

* de bajo crecimiento = low-growing.

* de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.

* de bajo precio = low-priced.

* de bajo riesgo = low-risk.

* de balde = for free.

* de barrio = neighbourhood-based.

* de base popular = grassroots [grass-roots].

* de bienvenida = salutatory.

* de boca en boca = word-of-mouth, by word of mouth.

* de bodas = bridal.

* de Boole = Boolean.

* de bote en bote = packed to capacity, choc-a-block, chock-full, densely packed, packed, packed to the rafters.

* de broma = humorously, teasingly.

* de bronce = brass.

* de buena calidad = good-quality.

* de buena disposición = good-natured.

* de buena fama = of good repute.

* de buena fe = bona fide, in good faith.

* de buena manera = good-humouredly, good-humoured.

* de buena reputación = of good repute.

* de buenas = on good terms.

* de buenas a primeras = right off the bat, suddenly, without warning, all of a sudden, just like that.

* de buena vecindad = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buena voluntad = in good faith.

* de buen corazón = kind-hearted, good-hearted, big-hearted.

* de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.

* de buen gusto = tasteful.

* de buen humor = good-humouredly, good-humoured, in good humour.

* de buenos modales = well-mannered.

* de buen vecino = neighbourly [neighborly, -USA].

* de buen ver = good looking.

* de bulla y corriendo = in a rush.

* de caballo = huge, humongous [humungous], massive, gianormous.

* de cabo a rabo = lock, stock and barrel, from head to toe, from head to foot.

* de cachondeo = teasingly.

* de cada día = day to day [day-to-day].

* de cada + Número + veces + Número = Número + times out of + Número.

* de caderas anchas = wide-hipped.

* de cajón = no-brainer.

* de calidad = authoritative, qualitative, quality, well-made, high-end, quality assured, value-added.

* de calidad inferior = low-grade [lowgrade], substandard [sub-standard], low-end.

* de calidad superior = best-quality, top quality.

* de camino = on the way, while we're at it.

* de camino a = en route for, on + Posesivo + way to, en route to.

* de campo = free-range.

* de campos fijos = fixed-field.

* de campus = campus-wide [campuswide].

* de capa caída = at a low ebb, in (the) doldrums.

* de capa y espada = cloak-and-dagger.

* de capital importancia = momentous, of cardinal importance.

* de cara a = face-to-face [face to face], facing.

* de carácter = in character.

* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.

* de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].

* de carne y hueso = flesh-and-blood.

* de castigo = punitive.

* de casualidad = by accident, by a fluke, by chance, accidentally, by a stroke of (good) luck, by luck.

* de causas desconocidas = idiopathic.

* de cerámica = ceramic.

* de cerca = at close range, at close quarters.

* de chiripa = by a fluke, by a stroke of (good) luck, by chance, by luck.

* de cierto tipo = of a sort, of sorts.

* de cinco años = five yearly [five-yearly].

* de cinco días de duración = five-day.

* de cinco estrellas = 5-star [five-star].

* de cinco meses de duración = five-month-long.

* de civil = in plain clothes.

* de clasificación = classificatory.

* de clausura = cloistered.

* de clausura de congreso = end-of-conference.

* de cobre = cupric.

* de cojones = badass.

* de colegas = collegial, buddying.

* de Colombia = Colombian.

* de color = coloured [colored, -USA], non-white [nonwhite], full-colour, in colour.

* de color crema = creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], creamy [creamier -comp., creamiest -sup.], cream-coloured.

* de color de bronce = brassy.

* de colores = full-colour, multi-colour [multi-color -USA].

* de colores vivos = colourful [colorful, -USA].

* de colorines = brightly coloured.

* de color marroncillo = brownish tinged.

* de color rojo = red-coloured.

* de color rosa = rose-coloured.

* de color verde botella = bottle green.

* de color verde oscuro = bottle green.

* de color y textura parecidos al carbón = carbonaceous.

* de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.

* de cómo = as to how.

* de compañeros = collegial.

* de complicidad = knowing.

* de comportamiento = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de comportamiento impecable = prim and proper.

* de conceptos = concept-based.

* de conceptos múltiples = multiple-concept.

* de conducta = behavioural [behavioral, -USA].

* de confianza = reliable, trusted, trusting, reputable.

* de confirmación = confirmatory.

* de conformidad con = in compliance with, in keeping with.

* de conformidad con eso = accordingly.

* de conífera = coniferous.

* de construcción básica = brick and frame.

* de construcción sólida = solidly-built.

* de consulta fácil = scannable.

* de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.

* de consumo = consumptive.

* de contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.

* de contrabando = bootleg.

* de contrapunto = contrapuntal.

* de Corea = Korean.

* de Corea del Sur = South Korean.

* de corral = free-range.

* de corta duración = short term [short-term].

* de corte + Adjetivo = of a + Adjetivo + nature.

* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].

* de costa a costa = coast-to-coast.

* de coste cero = zero-cost.

* de costumbre = usual, usually.

* de creación = authorial.

* de crecimiento continuo = steadily growing.

* de crecimiento más rápido = fastest-growing.

* de crecimiento rápido = fast-growing, fast-evolving.

* de cría intensiva = battery-caged.

* de crianza intensiva = battery-caged.

* de Crimea = Crimean.

* de cristal = glass.

* de crucial importancia = crucially important.

* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any way [in anyway], in any case, in any way at all.

* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.

* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].

* de cualquier modo = however, either way.

* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.

* de cuando en cuando = every once in a while, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.

* de cuatro días de duración = four-day.

* de cuatro estrellas = four-star.

* de Cuba = Cuban.

* de cuerpo largo = long-bodied.

* de deficiente calidad = poor-quality, of poor quality.

* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.

* de densidad doble = double-density.

* de dentro hacia fuera = inside outwards.

* de derechas = right-wing.

* de derecho = de jure [iure].

* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.

* de desarrollo = developmental.

* de desarrollo autónomo = self-evolving.

* de desarrollo rápido = fast-evolving.

* de descargo = exonerating, exculpatory.

* de desconexión = cut-off.

* de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.

* de desecho = discarded.

* de desempate = tie-breaker [tiebreaker], tie-breaking [tiebreaking].

* de desguace = written-off.

* de despedida = valedictory.

* de día = in the daytime, during the daytime, during daytime.

* de día a día = from day to day.

* de diámetro = in diameter.

* de diario = everyday.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de diesel = diesel-powered.

* de diferente modo = differently.

* de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].

* de diferentes tonalidades de gris = grey scale [gray scale].

* de difícil solución = intractable.

* de dinero = well-to-do, well-off.

* de dirección = directorial, administrative.

* de diseño abierto = open-plan, open-planned.

* de diversa índole = kaleidoscopic, of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diversos tipos = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de diverso tipo = of one type or another, of one sort or another, of one kind or another.

* de doble cara = double-hinged, double-sided.

* de doble filo = double-edged.

* de doble hoja = double-hinged.

* de doble sentido = double-edged, two-way.

* de doble uso = dual-use.

* de dolor = in pain.

* de dominio público = publicly owned [publicly-owned].

* de donde = whence, whence, from whence.

* ¿de dónde si no...? = where else...?, where else...?.

* de dos caras = two-sided, two-faced.

* de dos días de duración = two-day [2-day].

* de dos en dos = two at a time.

* de dos letras = two-letter.

* de dos niveles = two-tier.

* de dos páginas = two-page.

* de dos partidos políticos = bipartisan [bi-partisan].

* de dos patas = two-legged.

* de dos piernas = two-legged.

* de dos pies = two-legged.

* de dos plantas = two-storey [two-story].

* de dos tonalidades = bitonal.

* de dos tonos = bitonal.

* de dos volúmenes = two-volume.

* de duelo = in mourning.

* de duración limitada = timebound [time-bound].

* de Ecuador = Ecuadorian.

* de edad = elderly.

* de edad avanzada = over the hill.

* de edad escolar = school-age.

* de edad mediana = middle-aged.

* de edad universitaria = college-age.

* de elaboración de políticas = policy-forming.

* de ello = thereof, therefrom.

* de ellos = theirs.

* de embalsamar = embalming.

* de emisor a receptor = downstream.

* de encaje = lacy.

* de enmienda = amendatory.

* de ensueño = dream-like [dreamlike], picture-perfect.

* de entonces = of the day.

* de entreguerras = interwar.

* de entre los nuestros = in our ranks.

* de entretenimiento = recreational.

* de envergadura = heavy lifting.

* de época = vintage.

* de epopeya = epic.

* de esa época = of the period.

* de escándalo = outrageous.

* de ese modo = in doing so, in this,, thereby.

* de eso = thereof.

* de espaldas anchas = broad-shouldered.

* de especial importancia = of particular note.

* de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.

* de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.

* de espíritu libre = free-spirited.

* de esta forma = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de esta manera = in this fashion, in this manner, in this way.

* de este modo = accordingly, by so doing, by this means, in so doing, in this fashion, in this manner, thereby, this way, thus, this way round, in this way, by doing so, in these ways, this is how, in doing so.

* de este modo, de esta forma, de esta manera = in this way.

* de esto, de lo otro y de lo de más allá = about this and that and everything else.

* de Estonia = Estonian.

* de esto y de lo otro = about this and that.

* de estructura de acero = steel-framed.

* de estructura de madera = timber-framed.

* de Europa del Este = Eastern European.

* de Europa Occidental = Western-European, West European.

* de evaluación = evaluative.

* de éxito = successful.

* de éxito asegurado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito garantizado = sure-fire [surefire].

* de éxito seguro = sure-fire [surefire].

* de expansión = expanded.

* de explotación = exploitative.

* de extensión = in length.

* de extensión normal = standard-length.

* de extremada urgencia = serious.

* de fabricación casera = homemade.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* de fácil alcance para = within easy reach of.

* de fácil manejo = liftable.

* de facto = de facto.

* de fama = of note.

* de fama internacional = of international renown.

* de fama mundial = world-renowned, internationally renowned, world-renown.

* de felpa = plush.

* de fiar = legit.

* de fichas = card-based.

* de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.

* de final de año = end-year.

* de final de mes = end-of-the-month.

* de finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX = turn-of-the-century.

* de fin de año = end of the year.

* de fin de milenio = millennial.

* de forma = in form.

* de forma abrumadora = overwhelmingly.

* de forma aceptable = adequately, acceptably.

* de forma adecuada = adequately, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma alternada = in alternating fashion.

* de forma alternativa = alternatively.

* de forma anónima = anonymously.

* de forma aplastante = overwhelmingly.

* de forma apreciable = markedly.

* de forma apropiada = properly, fitly, appropriately.

* de forma audible = audibly.

* de forma autónoma = autonomously.

* de forma caprichosa = capriciously.

* de formación = formative.

* de forma clara = clearly.

* de forma cognitiva = cognitively.

* de forma colegiada = collegially.

* de forma combinada = in combination.

* de forma competitiva = competitively.

* de forma complemenetaria = complimentarily.

* de forma completa = in full.

* de forma completa, en su totalidad, completamente, por extenso = in full.

* de forma concisa = concisely.

* de forma conjunta con = in partnership with.

* de forma considerable = considerably.

* de forma continuada = continuously.

* de forma cuadrada = squarish, square-shaped.

* de forma deductiva = deductively.

* de forma desastrosa = disastrously.

* de forma deshonesta = dishonestly.

* de forma diferente = differently shaped.

* de forma digital = digitally.

* de forma divertida = funnily.

* de forma económica = cost-effectively.

* de forma errática = erratically.

* de forma escandalosa = outrageously.

* de forma especulativa = speculatively.

* de forma estructurada = in a structured fashion.

* de forma exquisita = exquisitely.

* de forma extraña = oddly, funnily.

* de forma federal = federally.

* de forma general = widely, bulk.

* de forma global = holistically.

* de forma graciosa = funnily.

* de forma gratis = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma gratuita = on a complimentary basis.

* de forma grotesca = grotesquely.

* de forma heterogénea = heterogeneously [heterogenously].

* de forma heurística = heuristically.

* de forma humorística = in a humorous vein.

* de forma imaginativa = imaginatively.

* de forma indirecta = circuitous route.

* de forma inesperada = out of the blue, like a bolt out of the blue, like a bolt from the blue.

* de forma innata = innately.

* de forma irregular = erratically.

* de forma lamentable = miserably.

* de forma lógica = in a meaningful way.

* de forma mágica = magically.

* de forma mecánica = mechanically.

* de forma mordaz = pungently.

* de forma mordaz, mordazmente, con sarcasmo = pungently.

* de forma muy parecida a = in much the same way as.

* de forma muy similar a = in much the same way as.

* de forma negativa = in a negative light.

* de forma neutral = neutrally.

* de forma notoria = markedly.

* de forma opcional = optionally.

* de forma óptima = optimally.

* de forma personalizada = on a one-to-one basis.

* de forma poco ética = unethically.

* de forma poco imaginativa = unimaginatively.

* de forma poco profesional = unprofessionally.

* de forma poco razonable = unreasonably.

* de forma positiva = in a positive light, constructively.

* de forma práctica = pragmatically.

* de forma precisa = precisely.

* de forma provocativa = provocatively.

* de forma puntual = occasionally, when necessary.

* de forma que = in ways that.

* de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.

* de forma rara = oddly, funnily.

* de forma recíproca = reciprocally.

* de forma rentable = cost-effectively.

* de forma residual = residually.

* de forma ridícula = grotesquely.

* de forma saludable = healthily.

* de forma sana = healthily.

* de forma significativa = to any significant extent, to a significant extent.

* de forma sistemática = in a systematic fashion.

* de forma sofisticada = sophisticatedly.

* de forma subconsciente = subconsciously.

* de forma sublime = subliminally.

* de forma suscinta = in brief.

* de forma terapéutica = therapeutically.

* de forma tosca = in crude form.

* de forma trágica = tragically.

* de fotograma completo = full-frame.

* de fotograma doble = half-frame.

* de frente = head-on, frontal.

* de fuera = outside, off-side.

* de fuera de la ciudad = out-of-town.

* de fuerza = forceful.

* de funcionamiento = operating, operational.

* de fundamental importancia = of prime importance, critically important.

* de gala = gala.

* de Galileo = Galilean.

* de Gambia = Gambian.

* de gas = gas-powered.

* de generación a generación = from generation to generation.

* de generación en generación = from generation to generation.

* de geofísica = geophysical.

* de gestión = managerial, back-office.

* de gestión del museo = curatorial.

* de Glasgow = Glaswegian.

* de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.

* de grado básico = junior grade.

* de gran ahorro energético = energy-saving.

* de gran belleza = scenic.

* de gran calibre = high-calibre.

* de gran calidad = high-quality, high-grade [high grade], high-calibre.

* de gran capacidad = large-capacity, high capacity.

* de gran colorido = brightly coloured.

* de gran corazón = big-hearted.

* de gran efecto = wide-reaching.

* de gran éxito comercial = high selling.

* de gran formato = oversized, oversize.

* de gran impacto = high impact [high-impact].

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* de granja = free-range.

* de gran lucidez = clear-sighted.

* de gran lujo = top-class.

* de gran potencia = high-powered.

* de gran repercusión = far-reaching, wide-reaching, far-ranging.

* de gran talento = talented.

* de gran valor = highly valued, highly valuable.

* de gran valor histórico = of great historical value.

* de gran venta = high selling.

* de guardia = on duty, duty + Profesión, on call.

* de guasa = teasingly.

* de habla afrikaans = Afrikaans-speaking.

* de habla alemana = German-speaking.

* de habla francesa = French-speaking.

* de habla inglesa = English-speaking.

* de habla portuguesa = Portuguese-speaking.

* de hace años = of years ago.

* de hace muchos años = long-standing.

* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-lost.

* de hace siglos = of yore.

* de hace varios siglos = centuries-old.

* de hasta + Número = of up to + Número.

* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.

* de hierbas = herbal.

* de hierro = iron, ferric.

* de higos a brevas = once in a blue moon.

* de hoja caduca = deciduous.

* de hoja perenne = evergreen.

* de hojas largas = long-leaved.

* de Homero = Homeric.

* de hongos = fungal.

* de horticultura = horticultural.

* de hoy = present-day.

* de hoy día = of today.

* de hoy en adelante = as from today.

* de hoy en día = of today.

* de huelga = striking.

* de humor = funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.].

* de ida y vuelta = return, round-trip.

* de ideas afines = like-minded.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* de ilusiones vive el hombre = We are such stuff as dreams are made on.

* de imitación = copycat.

* de importancia = of note, of consequence.

* de importancia creciente = of growing importance.

* de importancia crucial = crucially important.

* de importancia fundamental = critically important.

* de improviso = unawares, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, unexpectedly.

* de incalculable valor = priceless.

* de incógnito = incognito.

* de inferior calidad = low-end, sub-par.

* de inflexión = inflexional [inflectional].

* de inmediato = immediately.

* de inspiración = inspirational.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* de investigación = exploratory.

* de isótopos = isotopic.

* de izquierdas = left-wing, leftist, lefty.

* de jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].

* de jarana = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de juerga = out on the town, a (late) night out on the town.

* de Kenia = Kenyan.

* de la "a" a la "zeta" = a to z [a/z o a-z].

* de la adolescencia = teenage.

* de la alcaldía = mayoral.

* de la cabeza a los pies = from head to foot, from head to toe.

* de la cara = facial.

* de la Ceca a la Meca = from pillar to post.

* de la clase blanca, protestante y anglosajona americana = WASPish.

* de la cóclea = cochlear.

* de la columna vertebral = spinal.

* de la comedia = comedic.

* de la corteza = crustal, cortical.

* de la cría de aves = avicultural.

* de la duramadre = dural.

* de la edad media = dark-age.

* de la embajada = ambassadorial.

* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.

* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.

* de la época victoriana = Victorian.

* de la espina dorsal = spinal.

* de la extensión de un libro = book-length.

* de la fama al olvido = riches to rags.

* de la forma más difícil = the hard way.

* de la forma más fácil = the easy way.

* de la fortuna a la pobreza = riches to rags.

* de la fóvea = foveal.

* de la gama alta = high-end.

* de la gama baja = low-end.

* de la gama inferior = low-end.

* de la guerra = wartime [wart-time].

* de la hipótesis = hypothesised [hypothesized, -USA].

* de la localidad = locally based [locally-based].

* de la malaria = malarial.

* de la mama = mammary.

* de la mandíbula inferior = mandibular.

* de la mandíbula superior = maxillar, maxillary.

* de la manera normal = in the normal manner.

* de la mañana = a.m. (latín - ante meridiam), in the morning.

* de la máquina y el hombre = human-machine.

* de la marina = marine.

* de la mejor forma posible = to the best of + Posesivo + abili

* * *

de¹

prep

[ Grammar notes (Spanish) ]

Sentido I

A

(en relaciones de pertenencia, posesión): la casa de mi hermano/de mis padres/de la actriz my brother's/my parents'/the actress's house

el rey de Francia the king of France

el cumpleaños de Luis Luis's birthday

el cumpleaños de la esposa de un compañero a colleague's wife's birthday, the birthday of the wife of one of my colleagues

no es de él/de ella/de ellos it isn't his/hers/theirs

su padre de usted ( frml); your father

un amigo de mi hijo a friend of my son's

es un amigo de la familia he's a friend of the family o a family friend

un estudiante de quinto año a fifth-year student

el nieto de los Arteaga the Arteagas' grandson

la mesa de la cocina the kitchen table

la correa del perro the dog's leash

un avión de Mexair a Mexair plane

la tapa de la cacerola the saucepan lid

las calles de la capital the streets of the capital, the capital's streets

la subida de los precios the rise in prices

al término de la reunión at the end of the meeting

B

1 (introduciendo un nombre en aposición) of

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

el aeropuerto de Barajas Barajas airport

el mes de enero the month of January

el imbécil de tu hermano that stupid brother of yours, your stupid brother

el bueno de Ricardo le aguanta cualquier cosa Ricardo is so good, he puts up with anything from her

2

(en exclamaciones): ¡pobre de él! poor him!

¡triste de quien no conozca ese sentimiento! ( liter); pity the person who has never experienced that feeling! ( liter)

C

(con apellidos): Sra. Mónica Ortiz de Arocena ≈ Mrs Mónica Arocena

los señores de Rucabado ( frml); Mr and Mrs Rucabado

las señoritas de Paz ( frml); the Misses Paz ( frml) [de is also part of certain surnames like de León and de la Peña]

D

( Arg crit) (a casa de): voy del médico I'm going to the doctor's

Sentido II

A

1

(expresando procedencia, origen): volvía de clase/del banco I was on my way back from my class/from the bank

es de Bogotá she's from Bogotá, she comes from Bogotá

lo saqué de la biblioteca I got it out of the library

lo recogió del suelo she picked it up off the floor

mis amigos de América my American friends, my friends from America

he recibido carta de Julia I've had a letter from Julia

un hijo de su primera mujer a son by his first wife

al salir de la tienda as he left the store

DE … A …:

de aquí a tu casa from here to your house

2 (en el tiempo) from

un amigo de la infancia a childhood friend

data del siglo XVII it dates from the 17th century

la literatura de ese período the literature of o from that period

lo conozco de cuando estuve en Rosales I know him from when I was in Rosales

de un día para otro from one day to the next

DE … A …:

está abierto de nueve a cinco it's open from nine to five o between nine and five

de aquí a que termine tenemos para rato it'll be a while yet before he finishes, he won't be finished for a while yet

B

(expresando causa): murió de viejo he died of old age

verde de envidia green with envy

estaba ronco de tanto gritar he was hoarse from shouting so much

eso es de comer tan poco that's what comes from o of eating so little

Sentido III

A

(introduciendo cualidades, características): es de una paciencia increíble he is incredibly patient, he is a man of incredible patience

un chiste de muy mal gusto a joke in very bad taste

objetos de mucho valor objects of great value

un pez de agua dulce a freshwater fish

¿de qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?

tiene cara de aburrido he looks bored

ese gesto es muy de su madre that gesture is very reminiscent of his mother

tienes cosas de niño malcriado sometimes you act like a spoiled child

una botella de un litro a liter bottle

un niño de tres meses a three-month-old child

déme de las de 200 pesos el kilo give me some of those o some of the ones at 200 pesos a kilo

la chica del abrigo rojo the girl with o in the red coat

la señora de azul the lady in blue

un hombre de pelo largo a man with long hair

un anciano de bastón an old man with a stick [de is part of many compounds like cinturón de seguridad, hombre de negocios, válvula de escape, etc ]

B

(al especificar material, contenido, composición): una mesa de caoba a mahogany table

una inyección de morfina an injection of morphine, a morphine injection

el complemento ideal de todo plato de pescado the ideal complement to any fish dish

son de plástico they're (made of) plastic

un curso de secretariado a secretarial course

nos sirvió una copa de champán she gave us a glass of champagne

una colección de sellos a stamp collection, a collection of stamps

un millón de dólares a million dollars

C

(con sentido ponderativo): ¡lo encontré de viejo …! he seemed so old!

¡qué de coches! ( fam); what a lot of cars!

D

(al definir, especificar): tuvo la suerte de conseguirlo she was lucky enough to get it

aprieta el botón de abajo press the bottom button

E

1

(con cifras): el número de estudiantes es de 480 the number of students is 480, there are 480 students

pagan un interés del 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

2 (en comparaciones de cantidad) than

cuesta más de £100 it costs more than o over £100

pesa menos de un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo

un número mayor/menor de 29 a number over/under 29

3

(en expresiones de modo): lo tumbó de un golpe he knocked him down with one blow

subió los escalones de dos en dos he went up the stairs two at a time

de a poco (CS); little by little, gradually

4

(CS): de a cuatro/ocho/diez: colócalos de a dos/cuatro put them in twos/fours

entraron de a uno they went in one by one o one at a time [de is part of many expressions entered under frente² m A 2. (↑ frente (2)), improviso, prisa etc]

F (en calidad de) as

está de profesor en una academia he's working as a teacher in a private school

le ofrecieron un puesto de redactor they offered him a job as an editor

hace de enanito en la obra he plays (the part of) a dwarf in the play

le habló de hombre a hombre he talked to him man to man

G

1

(limitando lo expresado a determinado aspecto): es muy bonita de cara she has a pretty face

es corto de talle/ancho de hombros he's short-waisted/broad-shouldered

es sorda de un oído she's deaf in one ear

¿qué tal vamos de tiempo? how are we doing for time?

tiene dos metros de ancho it's two meters wide

2

(refiriéndose a una etapa de la vida): de niño as a child, when he was a child

H

(en expresiones de estado, actividad): estaba de mal humor she was in a bad mood

estamos de limpieza general we're spring-cleaning [de is part of many expressions entered under juerga, picnic, obra etc]

I

(indicando uso, destino, finalidad): el cepillo de la ropa the clothes brush

el trapo de limpiar la plata the cloth for cleaning the silver

lo sirvió en copas de champán he served it in champagne glasses

dales algo de comer give them something to eat

¿qué hay de postre? what's for dessert? [de is part of many compounds like cuchara de servir, máquina de coser, saco de dormir, etc]

J (introduciendo el complemento agente) by

una novela de Goytisolo a novel by Goytisolo, a Goytisolo novel

seguidos del resto de la familia followed by the rest of the family

una casa rodeada de árboles a house surrounded by trees

viene acompañado de arroz it is served with rice

acompañado de su señora esposa ( frml); accompanied by his wife

Sentido IV

A

1 (sentido partitivo) of

¿quién de ustedes fue? which (one) of you was it?

se llevó uno de los míos she took one of mine

el mayor de los Rodríguez the eldest of the Rodríguez children

un cigarrillo de ésos que apestan one of those cigarettes that stink

2

(con un superlativo): eligió el más caro de todos she chose the most expensive one of all

la ciudad más grande del mundo the biggest city in the world

B

(refiriéndose a una parte del día): a las once de la mañana/de la noche at eleven in the morning/at night

duerme de día y trabaja de noche she sleeps during the day and works at night

salieron de madrugada they left very early in the morning

ver tb mañana³ f A. (↑ mañana (3)), tarde² (↑ tarde (2)), etc

Sentido V (con sentido condicional)

A DE + INF:

de haberlo sabido, habría venido antes if I had known, I would have come earlier o had I known, I would have come earlier

de no ser así no será considerada otherwise it will not be considered

de continuar este estado de cosas if this state of affairs persists

B SER DE + INF

(expresando necesidad, inevitabilidad): es de esperar que … it is to be hoped that …, one hopes that …

no son de fiar they are not to be trusted

es de destacar la actuación de Marta Valverde Marta Valverde's performance is worthy of note

C

de no ( AmL); if not

de²

feminine

name of the letter D

* * *

Del verbo dar: ( conjugate dar)

dé es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
dar
de
dé
dar ( conjugate dar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( entregar) to give;

◊ dale las llaves a Pedro give the keys to Pedro;

déme un kilo de peras can I have a kilo of pears?;
See Also→ conocer verbo transitivo 3 b, entender verbo transitivo
b) ‹cartas/mano› to give

2
a) (donar, regalar) ‹sangre/limosna› to give;

◊ me dio su reloj she gave me her watch

b) ( proporcionar) ‹fuerzas/valor/esperanza› to give;

‹información/idea› to give
3
a) (conferir, aportar) ‹sabor/color/forma› to give

b) ( aplicar) ‹mano de pintura/barniz› to give

c) ‹sedante/masaje› to give

4 ( conceder) ‹prórroga/permiso› to give;
◊ el dentista me dio hora para el miércoles I have an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday;

nos dieron un premio we won o got a prize
5
a) (expresar, decir) ‹parecer/opinón› to give;

◊ ¿le diste las gracias? did you thank him?, did you say thank you?;

dales saludos give/send them my regards;
tuve que déle la noticia I was the one who had to break the news to him
b) (señalar, indicar): me da ocupado or (Esp) comunicando the line's busy o (BrE) engaged;

◊ el reloj dio las cinco the clock struck five

1
a) ( producir) ‹fruto/flor› to bear;

‹ dividendos› to pay;
◊ un negocio que da mucho dinero a business which makes a lot of money

b) (AmL) ( alcanzar hasta):

◊ da 150 kilómetros por hora it can do o go 150 kilometres an hour;

venía a todo lo que daba it was travelling at full speed;
ponen la radio a todo lo que da they turn the radio on full blast
2 (causar, provocar) ‹placer/susto› to give;
‹ problemas› to cause;
◊ dé trabajo to be hard work;

el calor le dio sueño/sed the heat made him sleepy/thirsty
1 ( presentar) ‹ concierto› to give;
◊ ¿qué dan esta noche en la tele? what's on TV tonight? (colloq);

¿dónde están dando esa película? where's that film showing?
2
a) ‹fiesta/conferencia› to give;

‹baile/banquete› to hold;
‹ discurso› (AmL) to make
b) (CS) ‹ examen› to take o (BrE) sit;

ver tb clase 4
( realizar la accion que se indica) ‹ grito› to give;
◊ dé un paso atrás to take a step back;

dame un beso give me a kiss;
ver tb golpe, paseo, vuelta, etc
( considerar) dé algo/a algn por algo:
◊ lo dieron por muerto they gave him up for dead;

ese tema lo doy por sabido I'm assuming you've already covered that topic;
¡dalo por hecho! consider it done!
verbo intransitivo
1
◊ dar a [ puerta] to give onto, open onto;

[ventana/balcón] to look onto, give onto;
[fachada/frente] to face
2 (ser suficiente, alcanzar) dé para algo/algn to be enough for sth/sb;
◊ no me dio (el) tiempo I didn't have time;

dé de sí ‹zapatos/jersey› to stretch
3 ( arrojar un resultado):
◊ el análisis le dio positivo her test was positive;

¿cuánto da la cuenta? what does it come to?;
a mí me dio 247 I made it (to be) 247
4 ( importar):
◊ da lo mismo it doesn't matter;

¡qué más da! what does it matter!;
¿qué más da? what difference does it make?;
me da igual I don't mind
5 ( en naipes) to deal
1
a) (pegar, golpear): déle a algn to hit sb;

( como castigo) to smack sb;
◊ dale al balón kick the ball;

el balón dio en el poste the ball hit the post
b) ( acertar) to hit;

◊ dé en el blanco to hit the target

2 (accionar, mover) déle a algo ‹a botón/tecla› to press sth;
‹ a interruptor› to flick sth;
‹a manivela/volante› to turn sth
3
◊ dar con ( encontrar) ‹ persona› to find;

‹ solución› to hit upon, find;
‹ palabra› to come up with
4 (hablando de manías, ocurrencias) déle a algn por hacer algo ‹por pintar/cocinar› to take to doing sth;
◊ le ha dado por decir que … he's started saying that …

5 [sol/luz]:
◊ aquí da el sol toda la mañana you get the sun all morning here;

la luz le daba de lleno en los ojos the light was shining right in his eyes
darse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) [fruta/trigo] to grow
2 ( presentarse) [oportunidad/ocasión] to arise
3 ( resultar) (+ me/te/le etc):
◊ se le dan los idiomas she's good at languages

a) ( refl) ( realizar lo que se indica) ‹ducha/banquete› to have;

◊ dárselas de algo: se las da de valiente/de que sabe mucho he likes to make out he's brave/he knows a lot;

dárselas de listo to act smart
b) (golpearse, pegarse):

◊ se dio con el martillo en el dedo he hit his finger with the hammer;

se dieron contra un árbol they crashed into a tree;
se dio dé un golpe en la rodilla he hit his knee
( considerarse) dése por algo:
◊ con eso me déía por satisfecha I'd be quite happy with that;

ver tb aludir a, enterado 1
de 1 preposición
1
a) (pertenencia, posesión):

◊ la casa dé dé mis padres my parents' house;

el rey dé Francia the king of France;
no es dé él it isn't his;
es un amigo dé mi hijo he's a friend of my son's;
un estudiante dé quinto año a fifth-year student;
la tapa dé la cacerola the saucepan lid;
un avión dé Mexair a Mexair plane
b) ( con un nombre en aposición) of;

◊ la ciudad dé Lima the city of Lima;

el aeropuerto dé Barajas Barajas airport;
el mes dé enero the month of January
2
a) (procedencia, origen, tiempo) from;

◊ es dé Bogotá she's/she comes from Bogotá;

una carta dé Julia a letter from Julia;
un amigo dé la infancia a childhood friend;
la literatura dé ese período the literature of o from that period;
dé aquí a tu casa from here to your house
b) (material, contenido, composición):

◊ son dé plástico they're (made of) plastic;

una mesa dé caoba a mahogany table;
un vaso dé agua a glass of water;
un millón dé dólares a million dollars
c) (causa, modo):

◊ murió dé viejo he died of old age;

dé tanto gritar from shouting so much;
verde dé envidia green with envy;
temblando dé miedo trembling with fear;
dé memoria by heart;
lo tumbó dé un golpe he knocked him down with one blow
d) ( en oraciones pasivas) by;

◊ un poema dé Neruda a poem by Neruda;

rodeada dé árboles surrounded by trees
3
a) (cualidades, características):

◊ de gran inteligencia of great intelligence;

objetos dé mucho valor objects of great value;
¿dé qué color lo quiere? what color do you want it?;
tiene cara dé aburrido he looks bored;
una botella dé un litro a liter bottle;
la chica dé azul the girl in blue
b) (al definir, especificar):

◊ el botón dé abajo the bottom button;

tiene dos metros dé ancho it's two meters wide;
es fácil de pronunciar it's easy to pronounce;
uno dé los míos one of mine;
el mayor dé los Soto the eldest of the Soto children
4
a) ( con cifras):

◊ pagan un interés dél 15% they pay 15% interest o interest at 15%

b) ( en comparaciones de cantidad) than;

◊ más dé £100 more than o over £100;

pesa menos dé un kilo it weighs less than o under a kilo;
un número mayor/menor dé 29 a number over/under 29
c) ( con un superlativo):

◊ es el más caro dé todos it's the most expensive one;

la ciudad más grande dél mundo the biggest city in the world
d) ( refiriéndose a una parte del día):

◊ dé día/noche during the day/at night;

dé madrugada early in the morning
5
a) ( en calidad de) as;

◊ trabaja dé secretaria she works as a secretary;

hace dé rey en la obra he plays (the part of) a king in the play
b) (en expresiones de estado, actividad):

◊ dé mal humor in a bad mood;

estamos dé fiesta we're having a party
c) (indicando uso, destino, finalidad):

◊ el cepillo dé la ropa the clothes brush;

copas dé vino wine glasses;
ropa dé cama bed clothes;
dales algo dé comer give them something to eat;
¿qué hay dé postre? what's for dessert?
6 ( con sentido condicional):
◊ dé haberlo sabido if I had known, had I known;

dé no ser así otherwise
de 2 sustantivo femenino: name of the letter d
dé see
◊ dar

dar
I verbo transitivo
1 to give: dame la mano, hold my hand
2 (conceder) to give: mi padre me dio permiso, my father gave me permission
le doy toda la razón, I think he is quite right
3 (transmitir una noticia) to tell
(un recado, recuerdos) to pass on, give
dar las gracias, to thank
4 (retransmitir u ofrecer un espectáculo) to show, put on
5 (organizar una fiesta) to throw, give
6 (producir lana, miel, etc) to produce, yield
(fruto, flores) to bear
(beneficio, interés) to give, yield
7 (causar un dolor, malestar) dar dolor de cabeza, to give a headache
(un sentimiento) dar pena, to make sad
le da mucha vergüenza, he's very embarrassed
8 (proporcionar) to provide: su empresa da trabajo a cincuenta personas, his factory gives work to fifty people
9 (una conferencia, charla) to give
(impartir clases) to teach
(recibir una clase) to have
US to take
10 (presentir) me da (en la nariz/en el corazón) que eso va a salir bien, I have a feeling that everything is going to turn out well
11 (estropear) to ruin: me dio la noche con sus ronquidos, he spoilt my sleep with his snoring
12 (abrir el paso de la luz) to switch on
(del gas, agua) to turn on
13 (propinar una bofetada, un puntapié, etc) to hit, give
14 (aplicar una mano de pintura, cera) to apply, put on
(un masaje, medicamento) to give
15 (considerar) dar por, to assume, consider: lo dieron por muerto, he was given up for dead
ese dinero lo puedes dar por perdido, you can consider that money lost
dar por supuesto/sabido, to take for granted, to assume
16 (la hora, un reloj) to strike: aún no habían dado las ocho, it was not yet past eight o'clock
17 (realizar la acción que implica el objeto) dar un abrazo/susto, to give a hug/fright
dar un paseo, to go for a walk
dar una voz, to give a shout
II verbo intransitivo
1 (sobrevenir) le dio un ataque de nervios, she had an attack of hysterics
2 dar de comer/cenar, to provide with lunch/dinner 3 dar a, (mirar, estar orientado a) to look out onto, to overlook
(una puerta) to open onto, lead to: esa puerta da al jardín, this door leads out onto the garden 4 dar con, (una persona, objeto) to come across: no fuimos capaces de dar con la contraseña, we couldn't come up with the password
dimos con él, we found him 5 dar de sí, (una camiseta, bañador) to stretch, give 6 dar en, to hit: el sol me daba en los ojos, the sun was (shining) in my eyes 7 dar para, to be enough o sufficient for: ese dinero no me da para nada, this money isn't enough for me
♦ Locuciones: dar a alguien por: le dio por ponerse a cantar, she decided to start singing
le dio por nadar, he got it into his head to go swimming
dar a entender a alguien que..., to make sb understand that...
dar la mano a alguien, to shake hands with sb
dar para: el presupuesto no da para más, the budget will not stretch any further
dar que hablar, to set people talking
dar que pensar: el suceso dio que pensar, the incident gave people food for thought
dar a conocer, (noticia) to release
de preposición
1 (pertenencia, posesión) of
la dirección de mis padres, my parents' address
el teclado de este ordenador, this computer's keyboard
la primera página del libro, the first page of the book
2 (material) of: está hecho de madera, it's made of wood
una pajarita de papel, a paper bird
(contenido) un vaso de vino, a glass of wine
3 (asunto) about, on: sabe mucho de economía, she knows a lot about economics
un curso de inglés, an English course
un libro de arte, a book on art
4 (oficio) as: está/trabaja de enfermera, she is working as a nurse
5 (cualidad) una persona de carácter, a person with character
una rubia de pelo largo, a blonde with long hair
6 (procedencia) from: es de Bilbao, he is o comes from Bilbao
de Madrid a Cáceres, from Madrid to Cáceres
7 (parte) un poco de leche, a little milk
un trozo de carne, a piece of meat
8 (causa) with, because of
llorar de alegría, to cry with joy
morir de hambre, to die of hunger
9 (modo) lo bebió de un trago, she downed it in one
un gesto de satisfacción, an expression of satisfaction
10 (localización) el señor de la camisa azul, the man in the blue shirt
la casa de la esquina, the house on the corner
11 (tiempo) a las cinco de la mañana, at five in the morning
de año en año, year in year out
de día, by day
de noche, at night
de miércoles a viernes, from Wednesday to Friday
de pequeño, as a child
12 (finalidad) jornada de reflexión, eve of polling day
libro de consulta, reference book
máquina de escribir, typewriter
13 (instrumento) derribó la puerta de una patada, he kicked the door down
lo mataron de una puñalada, he was stabbed to death
14 (comparación) el discurso fue más largo de lo esperado, the speech was longer than expected
(con superlativo) in
el coche más caro del mundo, the most expensive car in the world
15 (precio) for
un pantalón de dos mil pesetas, a pair of trousers costing two thousand pesetas 16 una avenida de quince kilómetros, an avenue fifteen kilometres long
una botella de litro, a litre bottle
17 (condicional) de haberlo sabido no le hubiera invitado, if I had known I wouldn't have invited him
de no ser así, if that wasn't o weren't the case
de ser cierto, if it was o were true
18 (reiteración) de puerta en puerta, from door to door
de tres en tres, in threes o three at a time

'dé' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- a. C.
- a.m.
- abajo
- abanderada
- abanderado
- abandonar
- abandonarse
- abandono
- abanico
- abarrotar
- abarrotada
- abarrotado
- abarrotería
- abastecer
- abastecerse
- abastecimiento
- abasto
- abatir
- abatimiento
- abatirse
- abdicar
- abertura
- abierta
- abierto
- abismo
- ablandar
- abogar
- abogacía
- abogada
- abogado
- abominar
- abominable
- abono
- abortar
- abrir
- abridor
- abrigo
- abrupta
- abrupto
- absoluta
- absolutamente
- absoluto
- abstenerse
- abstención
- abstinencia
- abstraerse
- abuelo
- abuhardillada
- abuhardillado
English:
A
- A-level
- a.m.
- AA
- abandon
- ABC
- ability
- ablaze
- aboard
- about
- about-face
- about-turn
- above
- abreast
- abroad
- abrupt
- absence
- absent
- absolve
- absorb
- abstain
- abstract
- abundance
- abuse
- AC
- accepted
- access road
- accident
- accidental
- acclaim
- accommodate
- accommodation
- accomplished
- accomplishment
- accordance
- account
- account for
- accountable
- accumulation
- accuracy
- accurate
- accurately
- accuse
- accused
- accusingly
- accustom
- ache
- Achilles heel
- aching
- acid test

* * *

de prep de combines with the article el to form the contraction del (e.g. del hombre of the man).

1. [posesión, pertenencia] of;

el automóvil de mi padre/mis padres my father's/parents' car;

es de ella it's hers;

la maleta es de Eva the suitcase is Eva's o belongs to Eva;

el padre de la niña the girl's father;

el director de la empresa the manager of the company, the company's manager;

la boda o [m5] el casamiento de un amigo de mi hermano the wedding of a friend of my brother's, a friend of my brother's wedding;

un equipo de segunda división a second division team;

la comida del gato the cat's food;

el título de la novela the novel's title, the title of the novel;

la pata de la mesa the table leg;

una subida de precios a price rise;

los señores de Navarro Mr and Mrs Navarro

2. [procedencia, distancia] from;

salir de casa to leave home;

soy de Bilbao I'm from Bilbao;

no soy de aquí I'm not from round here;

de la playa al apartamento hay 100 metros it's 100 metres from the beach to the apartment;

estamos a 10 kilómetros de Buenos Aires we're 10 kilometres away from Buenos Aires;

el rey de España the king of Spain;

tuvo dos hijos de su primera esposa he had two children by his first wife;

b de Barcelona [deletreando] b for Barcelona

3. [en razonamiento]
de su sonrisa se deduce que todo ha ido bien you can tell from o by her smile that it all went well;

del resultado del experimento concluyo que la fórmula no funciona I infer from the result of the experiment that the formula doesn't work

4. [con nombre en aposición]
la ciudad de Caracas the city of Caracas;

el túnel del Canal the Channel Tunnel;

el signo de tauro the sign of Taurus;

el puerto de Cartagena the port of Cartagena

5. [en descripciones]
una película de terror a horror movie o Br film;

la señora de verde the lady in green;

el chico de la coleta the boy with the ponytail;

una actriz de veinte años a twenty-year-old actress;

¿de qué tamaño? what size?;

un político de fiar a trustworthy politician

6. [materia] (made) of;

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup;

un reloj de oro a gold watch;

una mesa de madera a wooden table

7. [contenido]
un vaso de agua a glass of water;

un plato de lentejas a plate of lentils

8. [precio]
he comprado las peras de 80 céntimos el kilo I bought the pears that were 80 cents a kilo;

un sello de 50 céntimos a 50-cent stamp

9. [uso]
una bici de carreras a racing bike;

ropa de deporte sportswear;

una máquina de escribir a typewriter;

una máquina de coser a sewing machine;

esta sartén es la del pescado y ésta la de las tortillas this frying pan's for fish and this one's for omelettes

10. [asunto] about;

hablábamos de ti we were talking about you;

libros de historia history books

11. [en calidad de] as;

trabaja de bombero he works as a fireman;

aparece de cosaco he appears as a Cossack, he plays a Cossack;

estás muy guapa de uniforme you look very pretty in uniform;

al desfile de carnaval iré de Napoleón I'll go as Napoleon in the carnival parade

12. [tiempo] [desde] from;
[durante] in;
trabaja de nueve a cinco she works from nine to five;

vivió en Bolivia de 1975 a 1983 she lived in Bolivia between 1975 and 1983, she lived in Bolivia from 1975 to 1983;

de madrugada early in the morning;

a las cuatro de la tarde at four in the afternoon;

trabaja de noche y duerme de día he works at night and sleeps during the day;

es de día it's daytime;

de niño solía jugar en la calle as a child I used to play in the street;

¿qué quieres ser de mayor? what do you want to be when you grow up?;

un compañero del colegio a friend from school;
Urug
de mañana/tarde in the morning/afternoon;
Urug
de noche at night;
Urug
ayer salimos de noche we went out last night

13. [causa] with;

morirse de hambre to die of hunger;

llorar de alegría to cry with joy;

temblar de miedo to tremble with fear;

eso es de fumar tanto that's what comes from smoking so much

14. [manera, modo] with;

de una patada with a kick;

rompió el cristal de una pedrada he shattered the window with a stone;

de una sola vez in one go;

lo bebió de un trago he drank it down in one go;

de tres en tres/cuatro en cuatro/ etc[m5]. three/four/ etc at a time;
CSur
de a tres/cuatro/ etc[m5]. in threes/fours/ etc;

de fácil manejo user-friendly;

ponerse de rodillas to kneel down

15. [con valor partitivo] of;

uno de los nuestros one of ours;

varios de nosotros several of us;

¿quién de vosotros sabe la respuesta? which of you knows the answer?

16. Literario [sobre]
de la paz y la guerra of war and peace

17. [en valoración]
lo tacharon de vulgar they branded him as vulgar, they accused him of being vulgar

18. [en lugar de]
yo de ti no lo haría I wouldn't do it if I were you;

yo de Eduardo le pediría perdón if I were Eduardo, I'd say sorry to her

19. [en comparaciones]
más/menos de… more/less than…;
[con superlativos]
el mejor de todos the best of all;

el más importante del mundo the most important in the world;

la peor película del año the worst film this year o of the year;

la impresora más moderna del mercado the most up-to-date printer on the market

20. (antes de infinitivo) [condición] if;

de querer ayudarme, lo haría if she wanted to help me, she'd do it;

de no ser por ti, me hubiese hundido if it hadn't been for you, I wouldn't have made it;

de ir a verte, sería este domingo if I do visit you, it'll be this Sunday

21. (después de adjetivo y antes de sustantivo) [enfatiza cualidad]
el idiota de tu hermano your stupid brother;

la buena de Susana good old Susana;

¡pobre de mí! poor me!

22. (después de adjetivo y antes de infinitivo)
es difícil de creer it's hard to believe;

una velada imposible de olvidar an unforgettable evening

23. (después del verbo “haber”) [obligación]
he de trabajar más I have to work harder;

has de gastar menos you should spend less

24. (antes de complemento agente)
una película de Buñuel a film by Buñuel, a Buñuel film;

vino acompañado de su familia he was accompanied by his family

25. (antes de adverbio de lugar)
el apartamento de abajo the downstairs Br flat o US apartment;

la fila de delante the front row

♦ de no loc conj
Am otherwise;
dime la verdad, de no te castigaré tell me the truth, otherwise I'm going to punish you

* * *

de

prp

1 origen from;

de Nueva York from New York;

de … a from … to

2 posesión of;

el coche de mi amigo my friend’s car

3 material (made) of;

un anillo de oro a gold ring

4 contenido of;

un vaso de agua a glass of water

5 cualidad

:

una mujer de 20 años a 20 year old woman

6 causa with;

temblaba de miedo she was shaking with fear

7 hora

:

de noche at night, by night;

de día by day

8 en calidad de as;

trabajar de albañil work as a bricklayer;

de niño as a child

9 agente by;

de Goya by Goya

10 condición if;

de haberlo sabido if I’d known

11 en aposición

:

la ciudad de Lima the city of Lima

* * *

de prep

1) : of

la casa de Pepe: Pepe's house

un niño de tres años: a three-year-old boy

2) : from

es de Managua: she's from Managua

salió del edificio: he left the building

3) : in, at

a las tres de la mañana: at three in the morning

salen de noche: they go out at night

4) : than

más de tres: more than three

dé dar

* * *

de prep

1. (posesión de alguien) 's

el coche de Alberto Alberto's car

los gatos de Emma Emma's cats

la profesora de Marta Marta's teacher

es de mi hermano it's my brother's

2. (posesión de algo) of

la ciudad de Roma the city of Rome

el mes de noviembre the month of November

el teléfono del colegio the school phone

los árboles del jardín the trees in the garden

3. (materia)

un balón de cuero a leather ball

muebles de madera wooden furniture

un vaso de plástico a plastic cup

4. (contenido) of

una botella de agua a bottle of water

un paquete de arroz a packet of rice

un vaso de leche a glass of milk

5. (materia, tema)

profesor de inglés English teacher

novela de aventuras adventure story

película de terror horror film

6. (origen, procedencia) from

es de Asturias he's from Asturias

esta carretera va de Salamanca a Zamora this road goes from Salamanca to Zamora

7. (descripción) with / in

la chica del pelo largo the girl with long hair

el hombre de negro the man in black

un chico de doce años a twelve year old boy

8. (agente) by

un libro de Rosa Montero a book by Rosa Montero

9. (con expresiones de tiempo)

es la una de la tarde it's one o'clock in the afternoon

el tren de las diez the ten o'clock train

abren de nueve a siete they open from nine until seven

nunca viajamos de noche we never travel at night

de niño when I was a child

10. (con números, una parte) than / of

había más de mil personas there were more than a thousand people

pesa menos de 5 kilos it weighs less than 5 kilos

un trozo de pan a piece of bread

Spanish-English dictionary > de
35 superficie

f.

1 surface.

salir a la superficie to come to the surface, to surface

2 area.

tiene una superficie de 2.500 metros cuadrados it covers 2,500 square meters

superficie comercial/de venta floor space

3 expanse, extent, stretch.

* * *

superficie

► nombre femenino

1 (parte externa) surface

■ en la superficie on the surface

2 (área) area

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

superficie terrestre land surface

* * *

noun f.

1) surface

2) area

* * *

SF

1) [de cuerpo, líquido] surface

la superficie terrestre — the earth's surface

el submarino salió a la superficie — the submarine surfaced, the submarine came to the surface

ruta de superficie — surface route

superficie de rodadura — (Aut) tread

superficie inferior — lower surface, underside

2) [en medidas] area

en una extensa superficie — over a wide area

una superficie de 200 hectáreas — an area of 200 hectares

superficie útil — useful area, usable space

3) (=aspecto externo) surface

es un comentario inofensivo en la superficie — it's a harmless comment on the surface

4) (Com)

gran superficie — (=hipermercado) hypermarket, superstore

superficie de venta(s) — sales area

* * *

femenino

1) (parte expuesta, aparente) surface

la superficie terrestre — the earth's surface

salir a la superficie — to surface, come to the surface

2) (Mat) ( área) area

una superficie de diez metros cuadrados — a surface area of ten square metres

* * *

= face, surface, tract.

Ex. The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.

Ex. Physiographic divisions of the earth's surface are also enumerated in the schedules.

Ex. Protecting the remaining large tracts of tropical forests is not a financially impossible task.

----

* caudal de agua o superficie acuática = body of water.

* cubrir la superficie de Algo = surface.

* de superficie = aboveground.

* de superficie áspera = rough-surfaced.

* de superficie rugosa = rough-surfaced.

* golpear ligeramente la punta de los dedos en sucesión sobre una superficie = tap + fingers.

* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.

* ocupación en superficie = footprint.

* preparar una superficie de nuevo = resurface.

* rozar la superficie = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* salir a la superficie = surface.

* sobre la superficie = above ground.

* superficie de impresión = printing surface.

* superficie de trabajo = working surface, work surface.

* superficie habitable = floor space.

* superficie útil = floor space.

* volver a salir a la superficie = resurface.

* * *

femenino

1) (parte expuesta, aparente) surface

la superficie terrestre — the earth's surface

salir a la superficie — to surface, come to the surface

2) (Mat) ( área) area

una superficie de diez metros cuadrados — a surface area of ten square metres

* * *

= face, surface, tract.

Ex: The genesis of this brave new world of solid state logic, in which bibliographic data are reduced to phantasmagoria on the faces of cathode-ray tubes (CRT), extends at most only three-quarters of a decade into the dim past.

Ex: Physiographic divisions of the earth's surface are also enumerated in the schedules.

Ex: Protecting the remaining large tracts of tropical forests is not a financially impossible task.

* caudal de agua o superficie acuática = body of water.

* cubrir la superficie de Algo = surface.

* de superficie = aboveground.

* de superficie áspera = rough-surfaced.

* de superficie rugosa = rough-surfaced.

* golpear ligeramente la punta de los dedos en sucesión sobre una superficie = tap + fingers.

* grande superficie = shopping mall, shopping complex, shopping centre.

* ocupación en superficie = footprint.

* preparar una superficie de nuevo = resurface.

* rozar la superficie = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* salir a la superficie = surface.

* sobre la superficie = above ground.

* superficie de impresión = printing surface.

* superficie de trabajo = working surface, work surface.

* superficie habitable = floor space.

* superficie útil = floor space.

* volver a salir a la superficie = resurface.

* * *

superficie

feminine

A (parte expuesta, aparente) surface

la superficie terrestre the earth's surface

salió a la superficie it came to the surface o it surfaced

su estudio se queda en la superficie del problema his study merely scratches the surface of the problem

extender la masa sobre una superficie enharinada roll out the pastry on a floured surface

B ( Mat) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (área) area

la superficie del triángulo the area o ( AmE) surface of the triangle

suficiente para pintar una superficie de diez metros cuadrados enough to paint a surface area of ten square meters

Compuesto:

superficie de rodadura

tread

* * *

superficie sustantivo femenino
1 (parte expuesta, aparente) surface;
◊ salir a la superficie to surface, come to the surface

2 (Mat) ( área) area
superficie sustantivo femenino
1 surface: el delfín salió a la superficie, the dolphin surfaced
la superficie de la Luna, the moon's surface
2 (extensión, área) area
Mat Geom area
' superficie' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abombada
- abombado
- acre
- adherirse
- ahumada
- ahumado
- alisar
- área
- brillante
- deslizar
- deslizarse
- empañarse
- estrellada
- estrellado
- extensa
- extensión
- extenso
- faz
- granulosa
- granuloso
- igualar
- incidir
- incrustar
- llena
- llenar
- lleno
- ondular
- orilla
- pintar
- rebajar
- reflejarse
- repliegue
- resbaladiza
- resbaladizo
- roce
- sobresalir
- suavidad
- tierra
- triangular
- uniformidad
- abarcar
- adhesión
- antideslizante
- aspereza
- áspero
- carrasposo
- declive
- desigual
- desigualdad
- desnivel
English:
acre
- area
- blotchy
- breadth
- clear
- concave
- depressed
- even
- face
- flat
- flush
- glide
- irregular
- level
- level off
- level out
- opening
- pit
- polish
- projection
- resurface
- rough
- rub down
- smooth
- springy
- sticky
- strip
- surface
- table top
- tarmac
- top
- rise
- skim
- work

* * *

superficie nf

1. [parte exterior] surface;

la superficie de la Tierra the Earth's surface;

transporte de superficie surface transport;

salir a la superficie to come to the surface, to surface

2. [extensión] area;

tiene una superficie de 2.500 metros cuadrados it covers 2,500 square metres

Comp
superficie comercial floor space;
superficie de trabajo work surface;

superficie de venta floor space

* * *

superficie

f surface;

salir a la superficie del agua come to the surface;

grandes superficies (comerciales) large stores

* * *

superficie nf

1) : surface

2) : area

el superficie de un triángulo: the area of a triangle

* * *

superficie n

1. (parte externa) surface

el submarino salió la superficie the submarine came to the surface

2. (extensión) area

la superficie de un rectángulo the area of a rectangle

Spanish-English dictionary > superficie
36 tratar

v.

1 to treat (comportarse con) (persona, objeto).

¿qué tal te trataron? how were you treated?

El médico trata al paciente The doctor treats=cures the patient.

2 to have dealings or contact with.

la traté muy poco I didn't have much to do with her

3 to treat (tema, asunto).

eso lo tienes que tratar con el jefe that's something you'll have to discuss with the boss

4 to treat.

5 to treat (agua, sustancia, alimento).

6 to process (computing) (datos, información).

Ellos tratan el cuero They process the leather.

7 to deal.

Las empresas trataron The companies made a deal.

8 to try, to make a trial, to attempt it, to attempt.

Ella trató por mucho tiempo She tried for a long time.

9 to handle, to maneuver, to manoeuvre.

Ellos tratan sus pensamientos They handle their thoughts.

* * *

tratar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen - objeto) to treat, handle; (- persona) to treat

■ trató la caja con cuidado she handled the box with care

■ nos trató bien he treated us well

2 (asunto, tema) to discuss, deal with

3 (gestionar) to handle, run

4 (dar tratamiento) to address as

5 (calificar, considerar) to consider, call

■ lo trató de idiota she called him an idiot

6 MEDICINA to treat

7 (datos, texto) to process

8 QUÍMICA to treat

► verbo intransitivo

1 (relacionarse) to be acquainted ( con, with), know ( con, -)

2 (tener tratos) to deal ( con, with)

3 (negociar) to negotiate ( con, with)

4 (intentar) to try (de, to)

■ trata de hacerlo try to do it

5 (versar) to be about

■ trata de/sobre espías it's about spies

6 COMERCIO to deal (en, in)

■ trata en pieles he deals in furs

► verbo pronominal tratarse

1 (relacionarse) to talk to each other, be on speaking terms

■ no se tratan they're not on speaking terms

2 (llamarse) to address each other as, call each other

3 (referirse) to be about

■ se trataba de un atraco it was about a robbery

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

se trata de... it's a question of..., it's a matter of...

■ se trata de averiguar cómo lo hicieron it's a question of working out how they did it

* * *

verb

1) to treat

2) handle

•

- tratar con
- tratar de
* * *

1. VT

1) [+ persona, animal, objeto] to treat

su novio la trata muy mal — her boyfriend treats her very badly

hay que tratar a los animales con cariño — animals should be given plenty of affection, animals should be treated lovingly

te dejo la cámara, pero trátala bien — I'll let you have the camera, but be careful with it o treat it carefully

la vida la ha tratado muy bien — life has been very kind to her, life has treated her very well

este asunto debe ser tratado con cuidado — this matter should be handled carefully

• tratar a algn de loco — to treat sb like a madman

- tratar a algn a patadas

2) (=llamar)

¿cómo le tenemos que tratar cuando nos hable? — how should we address him when he speaks to us?

• tratar a algn de algo — to call sb sth

tratar a algn de vago — to call sb a layabout

tratar a algn de tú/usted — to address sb as "tú"/"usted"

3) (=relacionarse con)

tratar a algn: ya no lo trato — I no longer have any dealings with him

lo trato solo desde hace seis meses — I have only known him for six months

me cae bien, pero no la he tratado mucho — I like her, but I haven't had a lot to do with her

4) (Med) [+ paciente, enfermedad] to treat

me están tratando con un nuevo fármaco — I'm being treated with a new drug

le trataron la neumonía con antibióticos — they treated the pneumonia with antibiotics

¿qué médico te está tratando? — which doctor is giving you treatment?

5) [+ tejido, madera, residuos] to treat

el agua se ha tratado con cloro — the water has been treated with chlorine

6) (=discutir) [+ tema] to deal with; [+ acuerdo, paz] to negotiate

trataremos este tema en la reunión — we'll deal with this subject in the meeting

este asunto tiene que tratarlo directamente con el director — you'll have to speak directly with the manager about this matter

7) (Inform) to process

2. VI

1)

• tratar de — [libro] to be about, deal with; [personas] to talk about, discuss

la película trata de un adolescente en Nueva York — the film is about a teenager in New York

ahora van a tratar del programa — they're going to talk about o discuss the programme now

2) (=intentar)

• tratar de hacer algo — to try to do sth

trataré de llegar pronto — I'll try to arrive early

trata de no ser demasiado estricto con él — try not to be too strict with him

• tratar de que, trataré de que esta sea la última vez — I'll try to make sure that this is the last time

trata por todos los medios de que el trabajo esté acabado para mañana — try and do whatever you can to make sure that the job is done by tomorrow

3) (=relacionarse)

• tratar con algn, trato con todo tipo de gente — I deal with all sorts of people

no tratamos con traidores — we don't have dealings with traitors

no había tratado con personas de esa clase — I had not previously come into contact with people like that

para tratar con animales hay que tener mucha paciencia — you have to be very patient when dealing with animals

es muy difícil tratar con el enemigo — it is not at all easy to have dealings with the enemy

4) (Com)

• tratar con o en algo — to deal in sth

trataban con o en pieles — they dealt in furs, they were involved in the fur trade

3.

See:

tratarse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( intentar) to try

tratar de + inf — to try to + inf

traten de no llegar tarde — try not to be late

tratar de que + subj: trata de que queden a la misma altura try to get them level; trataré de que no vuelva a suceder — I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again

2) obra/libro/película

tratar de algo — to be about something

¿de qué trata el libro? — what's the book about?

tratar sobre algo — to deal with something

la conferencia tratará sobre medicina alternativa — the lecture will deal with alternative medicine

3) (tener contacto, relaciones)

tratar con alguien — to deal with somebody

tratar con él no es nada fácil — he's not at all easy to get on with

4) (Com)

tratar en algo — to deal in something
2.
tratar vt

1)

a) <persona/animal/instrumento> (+ compl) to treat

me tratan muy bien — they treat me very well

trata la guitarra con más cuidado — be more careful with the guitar

b) ( llamar)

tratar a alguien de algo — to call somebody something

tratar a alguien de usted/tú — to address somebody using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form

2) ( frecuentar)

lo trataba cuando era joven — I saw quite a lot of him when I was young

lo traté un par de veces — I met him a couple of times

nunca lo he tratado — I have never actually spoken to him

3) <tema/asunto> to deal with

no podemos tratarlo delante de ellos — we can't discuss this in front of them

4)

a) <paciente/enfermedad> to treat

b) <sustancia/metal> to treat
3.
tratarse v pron

1)

a)

tratarse con alguien — ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with somebody; ( alternar) to socialize o mix with somebody

b) (recípr)

somos parientes pero no nos tratamos — we're related but we are not in contact with each other

2) (+ compl)

a) (recípr)

se tratan de usted/tú — they address each other as `usted'/`tu'

se tratan sin ningún respeto — they have o show no respect for each other

b) (refl) ( cuidarse)

tratarse bien/mal — to look after oneself well/not to look after oneself

3) (Med) to have o undergo treatment

4) tratarse de (en 3^a pers)

a) ( ser acerca de) to be about

¿de qué se trata? — what's it about?

b) ( ser cuestión de)

se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir — we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing

si sólo se trata de eso... — if that's all it is...

sólo porque se trata de ti — just because it's you

* * *

= address, approach, consider (as), cover, discuss, focus on/upon, get to, go into, handle, manipulate, tackle, treat, turn to, broach, give + treatment, play with, speak to, treat, pick up on, meet.

Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio met.

Ex. The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.

Ex. The searcher may be the end user, but the end user is approaching the search in some ignorance of his real requirements, or of the literature that might be available to meet those requirements.

Ex. A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex. The schedules are divided into two parts, one covering music scores and parts and the other concerned with music literature.

Ex. This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.

Ex. In a text such as this which focuses primarily upon controlled indexing languages and systems it is difficult to place natural language indexing in a appropriate context.

Ex. 'I'll get to that, I promise! but right now I have a budget to work on!'.

Ex. Although the description given here is quite lengthy, many points are glossed over, and the Manual goes into these and a number of others at length.

Ex. An author's name is usually shorter than a title, and thus is arguably easier to handle and remember.

Ex. Different stores offer access to distinct types of information or data and permit the information to be manipulated to varying extents.

Ex. Chapter 2 tackles books, pamphlets and printed sheets, and chapter 3 is dedicated to cartographic materials.

Ex. In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.

Ex. We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.

Ex. Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.

Ex. Equally serious, authors are often too close to the paper to give it an objective treatment.

Ex. In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.

Ex. Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.

Ex. The author studies the factors which have impeded the spread of information on the use of thioctic acid to treat mushroom poisoning.

Ex. The report picks up on this as a surprising finding, suggesting implicitly that open access journals are lagging behind in this regard.

Ex. There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.

----

* aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.

* atreverse a tratar = dare to + tread.

* como si (se tratase de) = as if.

* continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.

* cuando se trata de + Infinitivo = when it comes to + Gerundio.

* de qué se trata = what it's all about.

* difícil de tratar = unruly.

* empezar a tratar = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* manera de tratar = avenue of approach.

* no atraverse a tratar = fear to + tread.

* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.

* que trata de = surrounding.

* seguir tratando = discuss + further.

* sin tratar = untreated.

* temer tratar = fear to + tread.

* tratar Algo = get down to + Nombre, be under consideration.

* tratar algo en detalle = go into + Algo + at length.

* tratar Algo en profundidad = go into + Algo + at length.

* tratar Algo imparcialmente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.

* tratar Algo justamente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.

* tratar Algo sin parcialismo = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.

* tratar Algo sin rodeos = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.

* tratar Algo supercialmente = dabble in.

* tratar como un objeto = objectify.

* tratar como un personaje = lionise [lionize, -USA].

* tratar (con) = negotiate (with).

* tratar con bondad = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.

* tratar con cloro = chlorinate.

* tratar con condescendencia = patronise [patronize, -USA], condescend.

* tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.

* tratar con precaución = approach + with caution.

* tratar con prudencia = treat with + caution, view with + caution.

* tratar con respeto = treat with + respect.

* tratar de = be about, be concerned with, deal with, take up, bear on, deal in.

* tratar de abarcar más de lo que se puede = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.

* tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.

* tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.

* tratar de ligar = chat up.

* tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* tratar detalladamente = cover + in detail.

* tratar de un modo sentimental = sentimentalise [sentimentalize, -USA].

* tratar de un modo urgente = fast track.

* tratar en detalle = treat + at length, discuss + at length.

* tratar en profundidad = treat + in detail.

* tratar específicamente = target.

* tratar información = handle + information.

* tratar injustamente = malign.

* tratar justamente = treat + fairly.

* tratar la cuestión de = get to + the issue of.

* tratar la posibilidad de = discuss + the possibility of.

* tratar ligeramente = skim + the surface of, touch on/upon.

* tratar magníficamente = do + more than justice.

* tratar mal = maltreat, manhandle.

* tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.

* tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.

* tratarse de = come down to, be a question of.

* tratar severamente = mete out + harsh treatment.

* tratar síntomas = treat + symptoms.

* tratar superficialmente = gloss over, scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* tratar una cuestión = address + constraint, address + issue, address + question, consider + issue, tackle + issue, address + concern, deal with + issue, broach + issue, broach + question, grapple with + issue.

* tratar una cuestión ligeramente = touch on/upon + issue.

* tratar un asunto = deal with + issue.

* tratar un problema = address + problem, deal with + problem, handle + problem, tackle + problem, address + limitation, grapple with + problem, treat + problem, address + concern.

* tratar un problema de pasada = touch on/upon + problem.

* tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.

* tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.

* tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.

* volver a tratar = revisit.

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

1) ( intentar) to try

tratar de + inf — to try to + inf

traten de no llegar tarde — try not to be late

tratar de que + subj: trata de que queden a la misma altura try to get them level; trataré de que no vuelva a suceder — I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again

2) obra/libro/película

tratar de algo — to be about something

¿de qué trata el libro? — what's the book about?

tratar sobre algo — to deal with something

la conferencia tratará sobre medicina alternativa — the lecture will deal with alternative medicine

3) (tener contacto, relaciones)

tratar con alguien — to deal with somebody

tratar con él no es nada fácil — he's not at all easy to get on with

4) (Com)

tratar en algo — to deal in something
2.
tratar vt

1)

a) <persona/animal/instrumento> (+ compl) to treat

me tratan muy bien — they treat me very well

trata la guitarra con más cuidado — be more careful with the guitar

b) ( llamar)

tratar a alguien de algo — to call somebody something

tratar a alguien de usted/tú — to address somebody using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form

2) ( frecuentar)

lo trataba cuando era joven — I saw quite a lot of him when I was young

lo traté un par de veces — I met him a couple of times

nunca lo he tratado — I have never actually spoken to him

3) <tema/asunto> to deal with

no podemos tratarlo delante de ellos — we can't discuss this in front of them

4)

a) <paciente/enfermedad> to treat

b) <sustancia/metal> to treat
3.
tratarse v pron

1)

a)

tratarse con alguien — ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with somebody; ( alternar) to socialize o mix with somebody

b) (recípr)

somos parientes pero no nos tratamos — we're related but we are not in contact with each other

2) (+ compl)

a) (recípr)

se tratan de usted/tú — they address each other as `usted'/`tu'

se tratan sin ningún respeto — they have o show no respect for each other

b) (refl) ( cuidarse)

tratarse bien/mal — to look after oneself well/not to look after oneself

3) (Med) to have o undergo treatment

4) tratarse de (en 3^a pers)

a) ( ser acerca de) to be about

¿de qué se trata? — what's it about?

b) ( ser cuestión de)

se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir — we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing

si sólo se trata de eso... — if that's all it is...

sólo porque se trata de ti — just because it's you

* * *

tratar (con)

(v.) = negotiate (with)

Ex: Their purposes was to settle the disputes between the members, to negotiate with master, to accumulate and disburse a benevolent fund, and to exact contributions for drinks and parties.

= address, approach, consider (as), cover, discuss, focus on/upon, get to, go into, handle, manipulate, tackle, treat, turn to, broach, give + treatment, play with, speak to, treat, pick up on, meet.

Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado y participio met.

Ex: The inclusion of vendors and publishers allows everyone to address sticky business relationships head-on.

Ex: The searcher may be the end user, but the end user is approaching the search in some ignorance of his real requirements, or of the literature that might be available to meet those requirements.

Ex: A book index is an alphabetically arranged list of words or terms leading the reader to the numbers of pages on which specific topics are considered, or on which specific names appear.

Ex: The schedules are divided into two parts, one covering music scores and parts and the other concerned with music literature.

Ex: This review also illustrates some of the issues which cataloguers have discussed over the years, and demonstrates other solutions to standards in cataloguing than those embodied in modern cataloguing codes.

Ex: In a text such as this which focuses primarily upon controlled indexing languages and systems it is difficult to place natural language indexing in a appropriate context.

Ex: 'I'll get to that, I promise! but right now I have a budget to work on!'.

Ex: Although the description given here is quite lengthy, many points are glossed over, and the Manual goes into these and a number of others at length.

Ex: An author's name is usually shorter than a title, and thus is arguably easier to handle and remember.

Ex: Different stores offer access to distinct types of information or data and permit the information to be manipulated to varying extents.

Ex: Chapter 2 tackles books, pamphlets and printed sheets, and chapter 3 is dedicated to cartographic materials.

Ex: In troubleshooting, it is important to treat the cause as well as the symptom of the problem = En la solución de problemas, es importante tratar tanto la causa como el síntoma del problema.

Ex: We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.

Ex: Some of the consequences of this conclusion are broached in this article.

Ex: Equally serious, authors are often too close to the paper to give it an objective treatment.

Ex: In this five-day workshop we will play with the design and building of non-traditional interface solutions.

Ex: Numerous articles in the library literature speak to this phenomenon but most deal with the experience of larger libraries.

Ex: The author studies the factors which have impeded the spread of information on the use of thioctic acid to treat mushroom poisoning.

Ex: The report picks up on this as a surprising finding, suggesting implicitly that open access journals are lagging behind in this regard.

Ex: There may be a threat of over-capacity; if so, this could be met by diversification, an enlargement of the SLIS role.

* aguas residuales sin tratar = raw sewage, raw waste water.

* atreverse a tratar = dare to + tread.

* como si (se tratase de) = as if.

* continuar tratando = pursue + Nombre + further.

* cuando se trata de + Infinitivo = when it comes to + Gerundio.

* de qué se trata = what it's all about.

* difícil de tratar = unruly.

* empezar a tratar = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* manera de tratar = avenue of approach.

* no atraverse a tratar = fear to + tread.

* ponerse a tratar + Algo = get down to + Nombre.

* que trata de = surrounding.

* seguir tratando = discuss + further.

* sin tratar = untreated.

* temer tratar = fear to + tread.

* tratar Algo = get down to + Nombre, be under consideration.

* tratar algo en detalle = go into + Algo + at length.

* tratar Algo en profundidad = go into + Algo + at length.

* tratar Algo imparcialmente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.

* tratar Algo justamente = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.

* tratar Algo sin parcialismo = treat + Nombre + with an even hand.

* tratar Algo sin rodeos = address + Nombre + head-on, meet + Nombre + head-on, tackle + Nombre + head-on, face + Nombre + head-on.

* tratar Algo supercialmente = dabble in.

* tratar como un objeto = objectify.

* tratar como un personaje = lionise [lionize, -USA].

* tratar (con) = negotiate (with).

* tratar con bondad = kill + Nombre + with kindness, smother + Nombre + with kindness.

* tratar con cloro = chlorinate.

* tratar con condescendencia = patronise [patronize, -USA], condescend.

* tratar con más detalle = discuss + in greater detail.

* tratar con precaución = approach + with caution.

* tratar con prudencia = treat with + caution, view with + caution.

* tratar con respeto = treat with + respect.

* tratar de = be about, be concerned with, deal with, take up, bear on, deal in.

* tratar de abarcar más de lo que se puede = bite off more than + Pronombre + can chew.

* tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.

* tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.

* tratar de ligar = chat up.

* tratar de no llamar la atención = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* tratar de pasar desapercibido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* tratar de pasar inadvertido = keep + a low profile, lie + low.

* tratar detalladamente = cover + in detail.

* tratar de un modo sentimental = sentimentalise [sentimentalize, -USA].

* tratar de un modo urgente = fast track.

* tratar en detalle = treat + at length, discuss + at length.

* tratar en profundidad = treat + in detail.

* tratar específicamente = target.

* tratar información = handle + information.

* tratar injustamente = malign.

* tratar justamente = treat + fairly.

* tratar la cuestión de = get to + the issue of.

* tratar la posibilidad de = discuss + the possibility of.

* tratar ligeramente = skim + the surface of, touch on/upon.

* tratar magníficamente = do + more than justice.

* tratar mal = maltreat, manhandle.

* tratar muy por encima = scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.

* tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.

* tratarse de = come down to, be a question of.

* tratar severamente = mete out + harsh treatment.

* tratar síntomas = treat + symptoms.

* tratar superficialmente = gloss over, scratch + the surface of, scrape + the surface.

* tratar una cuestión = address + constraint, address + issue, address + question, consider + issue, tackle + issue, address + concern, deal with + issue, broach + issue, broach + question, grapple with + issue.

* tratar una cuestión ligeramente = touch on/upon + issue.

* tratar un asunto = deal with + issue.

* tratar un problema = address + problem, deal with + problem, handle + problem, tackle + problem, address + limitation, grapple with + problem, treat + problem, address + concern.

* tratar un problema de pasada = touch on/upon + problem.

* tratar un tema = broach + subject, broach + topic, address + theme, address + topic.

* tratar un tema conocido = tread + familiar ground.

* tratar un tema en detalle = go into + detail.

* volver a tratar = revisit.

* * *

tratar [A1 ]

vi

A (intentar) to try tratar DE + INF to try to + INF

trate de comprender try to o ( colloq) try and understand

traten de no llegar tarde try not to be late

tratar DE QUE + SUBJ:

trata de que queden a la misma altura try to o ( colloq) try and get them level

trataré de que no vuelva a suceder I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again

B

«obra/libro/película»: tratar DEor SOBRE algo: ¿de qué trata el libro? what's the book about?

la conferencia tratará sobre medicina alternativa the lecture will deal with o will be on the subject of alternative medicine, the theme of the lecture will be alternative medicine

C (tener contacto, relaciones) tratar CON algn to deal WITH sb

en mi trabajo trato con gente de todo tipo in my job I deal with o come into contact with all kinds of people

tratar con él no es nada fácil he's not at all easy to get on with

prefiero tratar directamente con el fabricante I prefer to deal directly with the manufacturer

D ( Com) tratar EN algo to deal IN sth

tratar en joyas/antigüedades to deal in jewels/antiques

los mercaderes que trataban en esclavos/pieles the merchants who dealt o traded in slaves/furs

■ tratar

vt

A

1 ‹persona/animal/instrumento› (+ compl) to treat

me tratan muy bien/como si fuera de la familia they treat me very well/as if I were one of the family

trata la guitarra con más cuidado be more careful with the guitar

2 (llamar) tratar a algn DE algo to call sb sth

¿me estás tratando de mentiroso? are you calling me a liar?

tratar a algn de usted/tú to address sb using the polite usted or the more familiar tú form

a mi suegro nunca lo he tratado de usted I've never called my father-in-law `usted'

B ‹persona›

(frecuentar): lo trataba cuando era joven I saw quite a lot of him when I was young

nunca lo he tratado I have never had any contact with him o any dealings with him

C ‹tema/asunto›

vamos a tratar primero los puntos de mayor urgencia let's deal with o discuss the more pressing issues first

no sé cómo tratar esta cuestión I don't know how to deal with o handle this matter

el libro trata la Revolución Francesa desde una óptica inusual the book looks at the French Revolution from an unusual angle

esto no se puede tratar delante de los niños we can't discuss this in front of the children

D

1 ‹paciente/enfermedad› to treat

2 ‹sustancia/metal/madera› to treat

cultivos tratados con insectidas crops treated with insecticides

■ tratarse

v pron

A (relacionarse, tener contacto)

1 tratarse CON algn:

no me gusta la gente con la que se trata I don't like the people he mixes with

se trata con gente de la alta sociedad she socializes o mixes with people from high society, she moves in high circles

¿tú te tratas con los Rucabado? are you friendly with the Rucabados?

2 ( recípr):

somos parientes pero no nos tratamos we're related but we never see each other o we never have anything to do with each other

B (+ compl)

1 ( recípr):

se tratan de usted/tú they address each other as `usted'/`tú'

se tratan sin ningún respeto they have o show no respect for each other

2 ( refl) to treat oneself

¡qué mal te tratas, eh! ( iró); you don't treat yourself badly, do you?, you know how to look after yourself, don't you?

C ( Med) (seguir un tratamiento) to have o undergo treatment

D tratarse de ( en tercera persona)

1 (ser acerca de) to be about

¿de qué se trata? what's it about?, what does it concern? ( frml)

se trata de Roy it's about Roy

2

(ser cuestión de): se trata de arreglar la situación, no de discutir we're supposed to be settling things, not arguing

si sólo se trata de eso, hazlo pasar ahora if that's all it is o if that's all he wants, show him in now

bueno, si se trata de echarle un vistazo nada más … OK, if it's just a question of having a quick look at it …

3

(ser): se trata de la estrella del equipo we're talking about o he is the star of the team

tratándose de usted, no creo que haya inconvenientes since it's for you o in your case I don't think there will be any problems

* * *

tratar ( conjugate tratar) verbo intransitivo
1 ( intentar) to try;
◊ traten de llegar temprano try to arrive early;

trataré de que no vuelva a suceder I'll try to make sure it doesn't happen again
2 [obra/libro/película] tratar de algo to be about sth;
tratar sobre algo to deal with sth;
◊ la conferencia tratará sobre medicina alternativa the lecture will deal with alternative medicine

3 (tener contacto, relaciones) tratar con algn to deal with sb;
◊ en mi trabajo trato con gente de todo tipo in my job I deal with all kinds of people

verbo transitivo
1 ‹persona/animal/instrumento› to treat;
◊ me tratan muy bien they treat me very well

2 ( frecuentar):
◊ lo trataba cuando era joven I saw quite a lot of him when I was young

3 ‹tema/asunto› to discuss, to deal with
4
a) (Med) to treat

b) ‹sustancia/metal› to treat

tratarse verbo pronominal
1 tratarse con algn ( ser amigo de) to be friendly with sb;
( alternar) to socialize o mix with sb;
◊ no nos tratamos mucho ( recíp) we don't have much to do with each other

2 (+ compl) ( recípr):
◊ se tratan sin ningún respeto they show no respect for each other

3 (Med) to have o undergo treatment
4
◊ tratarse de (en 3a pers)

a) ( ser acerca de) to be about;

◊ ¿de qué se trata? what's it about?

b) ( ser cuestión de) to be a question of;

◊ se trata de participar, no de ganar it's a question of taking part, not of winning;

solo porque se trata de ti just because it's you
tratar
I verbo transitivo
1 (portarse) to treat
2 (cuidar) to look after, care: trátame el libro bien, look after my book
3 (dirigirse a una persona) address: nos tratamos de tú, we call each other "tú" o we're on first name terms
4 (considerar, llamar) me trató de tonto, he called me stupid
5 (someter a un proceso) to treat
6 (someter a tratamiento médico) to treat: le tienen que tratar la artritis, they have to treat his arthritis
7 (tener relación social) la he tratado muy poco, I don't know her very well
8 (considerar, discutir) to deal with: no hemos tratado la cuestión, we haven't discussed that subject
II verbo intransitivo 1 tratar de, (un libro, una película) to be about: ¿de qué trata?, what is it about?
2 (intentar) to try [de, to]
3 Com tratar en, to trade in o with 4 tratar con, (negociar) to negotiate with
' tratar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
censurar
- defraudar
- delicada
- delicado
- drogodependencia
- ir
- girar
- hablar
- mimar
- negociar
- tú
- confianza
- curar
- debido
- huir
- manera
- miramiento
- piel
- punto
- tocar
- trato
- usted
English:
about
- address
- associate
- bid
- clutch
- deal with
- discuss
- form
- grapple
- ground
- handle
- light
- lionise
- mistreat
- muck about
- muck around
- patronize
- peer
- push through
- rubberize
- specific
- squarely
- tactfully
- tout
- treat
- try
- try on
- victimize
- attempt
- bite
- contact
- could
- cover
- deal
- favor
- grasp
- process
- profile
- raw
- seek
- snub
- tackle
- take
- thrash
- untreated
- way

* * *

tratar

♦ vt

1. [portarse con, manejar] to treat;

¿qué tal te trataron? how were you treated?;

no la trates tan mal don't be so nasty to her;

la vida no la ha tratado bien life has not been kind to her;

te dejo los discos, pero trátamelos bien I'll let you borrow the records, but look after them o be careful with them for me

2. [paciente, enfermedad, herida] to treat;

la están tratando de cáncer, le están tratando un cáncer she's being treated for cancer;

el médico que la trata the doctor who is treating her

3. [tener relación con] to have dealings o contact with;

era compañera de clase pero la traté muy poco she was in my class, but I didn't have much to do with her

4. [llamar, dirigirse a]
tratar a alguien de usted/tú = to address sb using the “usted” form/the “tú” form;

no hace falta que me trates de señor there's no need to call me “sir”;

tratar a alguien de tonto to call sb an idiot

5. [tema, asunto] to treat;

el tema que trata la obra the subject of the book;

hay que tratar ese asunto con cuidado this matter needs to be dealt with carefully;

eso lo tienes que tratar con el jefe that's something you'll have to discuss with the boss

6. [agua, sustancia, tejido, alimento] to treat

7. Informát [datos, información] to process

8. Bol [insultar] to insult, to swear at

♦ vi

1. [intentar]
tratar de hacer algo to try to do sth;

trata de comprenderlo, por favor please try to understand;

trataré de no equivocarme I'll try not to get it wrong;

sólo trataba de que estuvieras más cómodo I was only trying to make you more comfortable

2. [versar]
tratar de o [m5] sobre to be about;

¿de qué trata el documental? what's the documentary about o on?;

la ponencia trata sobre contaminación acústica the paper is about o on noise pollution

3. [tener relación]
tratar con alguien to have dealings with sb;

en mi trabajo tengo que tratar con todo tipo de gente I have to deal with all sorts of people in my job;

trata con gente muy rara she mixes with some very strange people;

Comp
RP
tratar a alguien con pinzas to handle sb with kid gloves

4. [comerciar] to deal (en in)

♦ See also the pronominal verb tratarse

* * *

tratar

I v/t

1 treat

2 ( manejar) handle

3 ( dirigirse a) address (de as);

tratar a alguien de tú address s.o. informally, use the tú form with s.o.;

tratar a alguien de usted address s.o. formally, use the usted form with s.o.

4 gente come into contact with

5 tema deal with

II v/i:

1

:

tratar con alguien deal with s.o.

2

:

tratar de ( intentar) try to

3 COM

:

tratar en deal in

* * *

tratar vi

1)

tratar con : to deal with, to have contact with

no trato mucho con los clientes: I don't have much contact with customers

2)

tratar de : to try to

estoy tratando de comer: I am trying to eat

3)

tratar de or

tratar sobre : to be about, to concern

el libro trata de las plantas: the book is about plants

4)

tratar en : to deal in

trata en herramientas: he deals in tools

tratar vt

1) : to treat

tratan bien a sus empleados: they treat their employees well

2) : to handle

trató el tema con delicadeza: he handled the subject tactfully

♦ See also the reflexive verb tratarse

* * *

tratar vb

1. (en general) to treat

me trataron muy bien they treated me very well

2. (ocuparse, tener relación) to deal with [pt. & pp. dealt]

trata con muchos artistas he deals with a lot of artists

3. (hablar) to discuss

se reunieron para tratar un problema they met to discuss a problem

4. (referirse) to be about

la película trataba de vampiros the film was about vampires

tratar de to try to

trataré de ser puntual I'll try to be punctual

Spanish-English dictionary > tratar
37 sistema

m.

1 system (conjunto ordenado).

por sistema systematically

sistema circulatorio circulatory system

sistema decimal decimal system

sistema fiscal o impositivo tax system

sistema inmunológico immune system

sistema internacional de unidades SI system

sistema métrico (decimal) metric (decimal) system

sistema monetario europeo European Monetary System

sistema montañoso mountain chain o range

sistema nervioso nervous system

sistema periódico de los elementos periodic table of elements

sistema de seguridad security system

sistema solar solar system

2 method.

3 system (computing).

sistema experto/operativo expert/operating system

* * *

sistema

► nombre masculino

1 system

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

por sistema as a rule

sistema cableado hard-wired system

sistema de ecuaciones simultaneous equations plural

sistema experto expert system

sistema métrico decimal decimal metric system

sistema montañoso mountain chain

sistema nervioso nervous system

sistema operativo operative system

sistema planetario planetary system

sistema solar solar system

* * *

noun m.

system

* * *

SM

1) (=conjunto ordenado) system

sistema binario — (Inform) binary system

sistema de alerta inmediata — early warning system

sistema de calefacción — heating, heating system

sistema de diagnosis — diagnostic system

sistema de facturación — invoicing system

sistema de fondo fijo — (Com) imprest system

sistema de gestión de base de datos — database management system

sistema de lógica compartida — shared logic system

sistema de seguridad — security system

sistema educativo — education system

sistema experto — expert system

sistema financiero — financial system

sistema frontal — (Meteo) front, frontal system

sistema impositivo — tax system

sistema inmunitario, sistema inmunológico — immune system

sistema métrico — metric system

Sistema Monetario Europeo — European Monetary System

sistema montañoso — mountain range

sistema nervioso — nervous system

sistema nervioso central — central nervous system

sistema operativo — operating system

sistema operativo en disco — disk operating system

sistema pedagógico — educational system

sistema rastreador — [en investigaciones espaciales] tracking system

sistema tributario — tax system

2) (=método) method

trabajar con sistema — to work systematically o methodically

yo por sistema lo hago así — I make it a rule to do it this way, I've got into the habit of doing it this way

* * *

masculino

1) ( método) system

trabajar con sistema — to work systematically o methodically

por sistema — as a matter of course

2) ( conjunto organizado) system

el sistema educativo/impositivo — the education/tax system

•

- sistema métrico decimal

- Sistema Monetario Europeo

- sistema montañoso

- sistema nervioso

- sistema operativo de disco

- sistema solar

* * *

= framework, machinery, system, regime [régime], ways and means.

Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex. We can choose to turn our backs on these principles with fatuous arguments which posit their anachronism and the nonexistent intelligence of computing machinery.

Ex. The training of users of On-line Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) should be attuned to the characteristics of the system = La formación de usuarios de los catálogos en linea de acceso público (CEAP) debería estar en consonancia con las características del sistema.

Ex. This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.

Ex. Teachers need to be more familiar with bibliographical ways and means: librarians should be more aware of problems from the teachers' perspective and make active efforts to inform teachers of sources of help.

----

* abusar del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.

* activar un sistema = activate + system.

* administrador del sistema = system administrator.

* ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).

* alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.

* análisis de sistemas = system(s) analysis.

* analista de sistemas = system(s) analyst.

* analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.

* aprovecharse del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.

* auditoría de sistemas = systems audit, systems auditing.

* auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.

* bibliotecario de sistemas = systems librarian.

* brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.

* brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.

* burlar el sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.

* caída del sistema = system crash.

* catálogo del sistema = system catalogue.

* Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).

* configurador del sistema = system configurator.

* controlador del sistema = system controller.

* conversión al sistema decimal = decimalisation [decimalization, -USA].

* conversión al sistema métrico = metrication.

* convertir al sistema decimal = decimalise [decimalize, -USA].

* copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.

* desafiar al sistema = beat + the system.

* desarrollo de sistemas = system(s) development.

* de todo el sistema = systemwide.

* diseñador de sistemas = systems designer, system designer, system developer.

* diseño de sistemas = systems design.

* documentación del sistema = system documentation.

* engañar al sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.

* en todo el sistema = systemwide.

* entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.

* en varios sistemas = cross-system.

* evaluación de sistemas = system(s) evaluation.

* fichero de existencias del sistema = system holdings file.

* fichero de usuarios del sistema = system user file.

* funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.

* interfaz usuario-sistema = user/system interface.

* ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.

* ISDS (Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).

* mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.

* mostrar el prompt del sistema = prompt.

* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).

* nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.

* organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.

* PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).

* parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.

* promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.

* prompt del sistema = system prompt.

* propio del sistema = built-in.

* protección del sistema = system security.

* proveedor de sistemas = systems supplier, system supplier [systems supplier].

* Proyecto para Sistemas Conectados (LSP) = Linked Systems Project (LSP).

* responsable del sistema = system programmer.

* seguridad del sistema = system security.

* sistema abierto = open system.

* sistema agrícola = farming system.

* sistema anglosajón de medidas = imperial measures.

* sistema anticuado = legacy system.

* sistema antiguo = legacy system.

* sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.

* sistema auditivo, el = auditory system, the.

* sistema automatizado = data system, automated system, computerised system.

* sistema automatizado de bibliotecas = automated library information system, library computer system.

* sistema automatizado de indización = computer-based indexing system.

* sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.

* sistema automatizado multimedia = multimedia computer system.

* sistema automatizado para la recuperación = computerised document retrieval system, computerised information retrieval system.

* sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.

* sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.

* sistema automatizado por microordenador = microcomputer-based system.

* sistema bancario, el = banking system, the.

* sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.

* sistema basado en las imágenes = image-based system.

* sistema bibliotecario = library system.

* sistema bibliotecario automatizado = automated library system.

* sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.

* sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.

* sistema bibliotecario nacional = national library system.

* sistema bibliotecario regional = regional library system.

* sistema bibliotecario universitario = university library system.

* sistema + caerse = system + crash.

* sistema cardiovascular = cardiovascular system.

* sistema cerebroespinal, el = cerebrospinal system, the.

* sistema circulatorio = circulatory system.

* sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.

* sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.

* sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.

* sistema de aire acondicionado = air conditioning system, air cooling system.

* sistema de alarma = alarm system, detection system.

* sistema de alcantarillado = sewerage system, sewerage.

* sistema de alerta = early warning system.

* sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.

* sistema de alerta temprana = early warning system.

* sistema de alimentación = fuel system.

* sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.

* sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.

* sistema de alumbrado = lighting system.

* sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.

* sistema de archivo = archiving system.

* sistema de arranque = starting system.

* sistema de asignaturas optativas = course elective system.

* sistema de asistencia sanitaria = health care system.

* sistema de autoedición = desktop system.

* sistema de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation system.

* sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.

* sistema de ayuda = help system.

* sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).

* sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.

* sistema de becas = grant scheme.

* sistema de bibliotecas públicas = public library system.

* sistema de búsqueda = paging system.

* sistema de cableado = wiring system.

* sistema de cables eléctricos = electrical wiring.

* sistema de calefacción = heating system.

* sistema de castas = caste system.

* sistema de cierre = locking system.

* sistema decimal = decimal system.

* sistema de circulación automatizado = automated circulation system.

* sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.

* sistema de clases sociales = class system.

* sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.

* sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).

* sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.

* sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.

* sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.

* sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.

* sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.

* sistema de codificación = coding system.

* sistema de compañías = companionship system.

* sistema de comunicación = communication system.

* sistema de comunicaciones = communication system.

* Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).

* sistema de comunicación óptica = optical communication system.

* Sistema de Comunicación por Paquetes (PSS) = Packet-Switching System (PSS).

* sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.

* sistema de conferencia en línea = online conferencing system.

* sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.

* sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.

* sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.

* sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.

* sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.

* sistema de creencias = belief system.

* sistema de criba = vetting system.

* sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.

* sistema de defensa = defence system.

* sistema de detección = detection system.

* sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.

* sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.

* sistema de discos ópticos = optical disc system.

* sistema de distribución = distribution system.

* sistema de drenaje = drainage system.

* sistema de emergencia = backup supply, backup system.

* sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.

* sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.

* sistema de encendido = ignition system.

* sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.

* sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.

* sistema de entrada única = single entry system.

* sistema de escritura = writing system.

* sistema de evaluación = rating system.

* sistema de evaluación anónima = double-blind.

* sistema de evaluación por paresanónima = double-blind refereeing system.

* sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.

* sistema de extinción de incendios = fire extinguishing system, extinguishing system.

* sistema de extinción de incendios mediante gas halón = halon gas fire extinguishing system.

* sistema de facturación = billing system.

* sistema de facturación por uso = cost billing system.

* sistema defensivo = defence system.

* sistema de fichas = card based system.

* sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.

* sistema de frenado = brake system, braking system.

* sistema de frenado antibloqueo = antilock braking system.

* sistema de frenos = brake system, braking system.

* sistema de géneros = sex/gender system.

* sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.

* sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.

* sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).

* sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.

* sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).

* sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).

* Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).

* sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.

* sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.

* sistema de gobierno = polity.

* sistema de iluminación = lighting system.

* sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].

* sistema de indización = indexing system, index system.

* sistema de indización con conservación del contexto (PRECIS) = PRECIS.

* Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).

* sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.

* Sistema de Indización por Frases Anidadas (NEPHIS) = Nested Phrase Indexing System (NEPHIS).

* sistema de indización postcoordinada = post-coordinate indexing system.

* sistema de indización PRECIS = PRECIS indexing system.

* sistema de indización precoordinada = pre-coordinate indexing system.

* sistema de información = information system.

* Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.

* sistema de información documental = document information system.

* Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).

* sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.

* sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.

* Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa (SIGLE) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).

* sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.

* sistema de justicia penal = criminal justice system.

* sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.

* sistema de lápiz óptico = data pen system.

* sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.

* sistema de lógica difusa = fuzzy system.

* sistema del olfato = olfactory system.

* sistema de medición de los recursos usados = metering system.

* sistema de megafonía = public address system.

* sistema de mercado = market system.

* sistema de multas = fines system.

* sistema de multiusuarios = multi-user system.

* sistema de notas = grading system.

* sistema de numeración = numbering scheme, numbering system.

* sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.

* sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.

* sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.

* sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.

* sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).

* sistema de primas = bonus scheme.

* sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.

* sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.

* sistema de proceso de imágenes = imaging system.

* sistema de puntuación = point system.

* sistema de reclamaciones = chasing system.

* sistema de recompensa = reward system.

* sistema de reconocimiento académico = academic reward(s) system.

* sistema de recuperación = retrieval system.

* sistema de recuperación de imágenes = image retrieval system.

* sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.

* sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.

* sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.

* sistema de referencia = reference system, reference system.

* sistema de referencia por coordenadas = grid reference.

* sistema de refrigeración = cooling system.

* sistema de registro = recording system.

* sistema de reservas = booking system.

* sistema de retransmisión = relay system.

* sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.

* sistema de saneamiento = sewerage system, sewerage.

* sistema de seguimiento = monitoring system.

* sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.

* sistema de selección = vetting system.

* sistema de sonido cuadrafónico = quadrophonic system.

* sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.

* sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.

* sistema de tarifas = charging system.

* sistema de telecomunicaciones = telecommunication system.

* sistema de televisión en color = colour system.

* sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.

* sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.

* sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.

* sistema de transmisión de mensajes = messaging system.

* sistema de transporte = transport system.

* sistema de transporte público = public transport system.

* sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.

* sistema de trueque, el = barter system, the.

* sistema de tubos neumáticos = pneumatic tube system.

* sistema de turnos = rota system.

* sistema de valores = system of values, value system.

* sistema de valores personales = personal value system.

* sistema de valores sociales = social value system.

* sistema de ventilación = ventilation system.

* sistema de vídeodisco = video disc system.

* Sistema de Vídeo Familiar (VHS) = VHS (Video Home System).

* sistema de videotexto = videotext system.

* sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.

* sistema de vigilancia = surveillance system.

* sistema de vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance system.

* sistema digestivo = digestive system.

* sistema documental = documentary system.

* sistema económico = economic system.

* sistema educativo = educational system, education system.

* sistema electoral = electoral system.

* sistema eléctrico = electrical system.

* sistema electrónico de detección de robos = electronic theft detection system.

* sistema endocrino, el = endocrine system, the.

* sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.

* sistema energético = energy system.

* sistema en lenguaje natural = natural language system.

* sistema en línea = online system.

* sistema en red = network system.

* sistema en uso = operational system.

* sistema escolar, el = school system, the.

* sistema ético = ethical system.

* sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.

* Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).

* sistema híbrido = hybrid system.

* sistema ideológico = system of thought.

* sistema informático = computing system, computer system.

* sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.

* sistema inmunológico = immune system.

* sistema integrado = integrated system.

* sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.

* sistema inteligente = intelligent system.

* sistema interactivo = interactive system.

* sistema interactivo en línea = interactive online system.

* sistema intermediario = backend system.

* Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura (AGRIS) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).

* Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.

* sistema judicial = judicial system.

* sistema legal, el = legal system, the.

* sistema mercantil = market system.

* sistema mercantilista = mercantile system.

* sistema métrico decimal, el = metric system, the, decimal metric system, the.

* sistema métrico, el = metric system, the.

* sistema monetario = coinage.

* sistema monetario, el = coinage system, the.

* Sistema Monetario Europeo = European Monetary System.

* sistema nervioso = nervous system.

* sistema nervioso central = central nervous system.

* sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.

* sistema numérico = numbering scheme, numbering system.

* sistema obsoleto = legacy system.

* sistema ofimático = office system.

* sistema olfativo = olfactory system.

* sistema operativo = operating system, operational system, computer operating system.

* sistema operativo de disco = Disc Operating System (DOS).

* sistema óptico = optical system, optical system.

* sistema óptico de información = optical information system.

* sistema orgánico = organ system.

* sistema organizativo = organisational scheme, organisation scheme.

* sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.

* sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.

* sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).

* sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).

* Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).

* sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.

* sistema penal = penal system.

* sistema penitenciario = penal system.

* sistema personal = home system.

* sistema político = political system.

* sistema político unipartidista = one-party rule.

* sistema precoordinado = pre-coordinate system.

* sistema respiratorio = respiratory system.

* sistema social = social system.

* sistema solar, el = solar system, the.

* sistema + venirse abajo = system + crash.

* sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.

* teoría de sistemas = systems theory.

* vendedor de sistemas = systems vendor.

* volver a levantar el sistema = restart.

* * *

masculino

1) ( método) system

trabajar con sistema — to work systematically o methodically

por sistema — as a matter of course

2) ( conjunto organizado) system

el sistema educativo/impositivo — the education/tax system

•

- sistema métrico decimal

- Sistema Monetario Europeo

- sistema montañoso

- sistema nervioso

- sistema operativo de disco

- sistema solar

* * *

= framework, machinery, system, regime [régime], ways and means.

Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.

Ex: We can choose to turn our backs on these principles with fatuous arguments which posit their anachronism and the nonexistent intelligence of computing machinery.

Ex: The training of users of On-line Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) should be attuned to the characteristics of the system = La formación de usuarios de los catálogos en linea de acceso público (CEAP) debería estar en consonancia con las características del sistema.

Ex: This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.

Ex: Teachers need to be more familiar with bibliographical ways and means: librarians should be more aware of problems from the teachers' perspective and make active efforts to inform teachers of sources of help.

* abusar del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.

* activar un sistema = activate + system.

* administrador del sistema = system administrator.

* ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).

* alterar el sistema = perturb + the system.

* análisis de sistemas = system(s) analysis.

* analista de sistemas = system(s) analyst.

* analista de sistemas de gestión bibliotecaria = library systems analyst.

* aprovecharse del sistema = game + the system, milk + the system.

* auditoría de sistemas = systems audit, systems auditing.

* auditoría de sistemas de información = information systems auditing, information systems audit.

* bibliotecario de sistemas = systems librarian.

* brecha del sistema de seguridad = security leak.

* brecha en el sistema de seguridad = security hole.

* burlar el sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.

* caída del sistema = system crash.

* catálogo del sistema = system catalogue.

* Comité Conjunto para Sistemas de Información (JISC) = Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC).

* configurador del sistema = system configurator.

* controlador del sistema = system controller.

* conversión al sistema decimal = decimalisation [decimalization, -USA].

* conversión al sistema métrico = metrication.

* convertir al sistema decimal = decimalise [decimalize, -USA].

* copia de seguridad del sistema = system backup.

* desafiar al sistema = beat + the system.

* desarrollo de sistemas = system(s) development.

* de todo el sistema = systemwide.

* diseñador de sistemas = systems designer, system designer, system developer.

* diseño de sistemas = systems design.

* documentación del sistema = system documentation.

* engañar al sistema = beat + the system, game + the system.

* en todo el sistema = systemwide.

* entre el hombre y el sistema = human-system.

* en varios sistemas = cross-system.

* evaluación de sistemas = system(s) evaluation.

* fichero de existencias del sistema = system holdings file.

* fichero de usuarios del sistema = system user file.

* funcionar por un sistema de turnos = work on + a rota system, work on + a rota, work + shifts.

* interfaz usuario-sistema = user/system interface.

* ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.

* ISDS (Sistema Internacional de Datos sobre Publicaciones Seriadas) = ISDS (International Serials Data System).

* mantener un sistema de turnos = hold + a rota of.

* mostrar el prompt del sistema = prompt.

* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).

* nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.

* organizar un sistema de turnos de + Nombre = organise + a rota of + Nombre.

* PADIS (Sistema de Información para el Desarrollo de Africa) = PADIS (Pan-African Development Information System).

* parecido a un sistema experto = expert-type.

* promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.

* prompt del sistema = system prompt.

* propio del sistema = built-in.

* protección del sistema = system security.

* proveedor de sistemas = systems supplier, system supplier [systems supplier].

* Proyecto para Sistemas Conectados (LSP) = Linked Systems Project (LSP).

* responsable del sistema = system programmer.

* seguridad del sistema = system security.

* sistema abierto = open system.

* sistema agrícola = farming system.

* sistema anglosajón de medidas = imperial measures.

* sistema anticuado = legacy system.

* sistema antiguo = legacy system.

* sistema antirrobo de libros = book security system, library security system.

* sistema auditivo, el = auditory system, the.

* sistema automatizado = data system, automated system, computerised system.

* sistema automatizado de bibliotecas = automated library information system, library computer system.

* sistema automatizado de indización = computer-based indexing system.

* sistema automatizado de préstamo = automated lending system, computerised issue system.

* sistema automatizado multimedia = multimedia computer system.

* sistema automatizado para la recuperación = computerised document retrieval system, computerised information retrieval system.

* sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.

* sistema automatizado para la recuperación de información = computerised information retrieval system.

* sistema automatizado por microordenador = microcomputer-based system.

* sistema bancario, el = banking system, the.

* sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.

* sistema basado en las imágenes = image-based system.

* sistema bibliotecario = library system.

* sistema bibliotecario automatizado = automated library system.

* sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de un sólo tipo = single-type library system.

* sistema bibliotecario de bibliotecas de varios tipos = multitype library system.

* sistema bibliotecario nacional = national library system.

* sistema bibliotecario regional = regional library system.

* sistema bibliotecario universitario = university library system.

* sistema + caerse = system + crash.

* sistema cardiovascular = cardiovascular system.

* sistema cerebroespinal, el = cerebrospinal system, the.

* sistema circulatorio = circulatory system.

* sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.

* sistema de abastecimiento de agua = waterworks.

* sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.

* sistema de aire acondicionado = air conditioning system, air cooling system.

* sistema de alarma = alarm system, detection system.

* sistema de alcantarillado = sewerage system, sewerage.

* sistema de alerta = early warning system.

* sistema de alerta de novedades tecnológicas = technology watch.

* sistema de alerta temprana = early warning system.

* sistema de alimentación = fuel system.

* sistema de almacenamiento y recuperación de la información = information storage and retrieval system.

* sistema de altas presiones = high-pressure system, ridge of high pressure.

* sistema de alumbrado = lighting system.

* sistema de apoyo a la toma de decisiones = decision support system, decision making system.

* sistema de archivo = archiving system.

* sistema de arranque = starting system.

* sistema de asignaturas optativas = course elective system.

* sistema de asistencia sanitaria = health care system.

* sistema de autoedición = desktop system.

* sistema de automatización de bibliotecas = library automation system.

* sistema de aviso de reclamaciones = claims warning system.

* sistema de ayuda = help system.

* sistema de ayuda a la gestión = management support system (MSS).

* sistema de bajas presiones = ridge of low pressure, low pressure system.

* sistema de becas = grant scheme.

* sistema de bibliotecas públicas = public library system.

* sistema de búsqueda = paging system.

* sistema de cableado = wiring system.

* sistema de cables eléctricos = electrical wiring.

* sistema de calefacción = heating system.

* sistema de castas = caste system.

* sistema de cierre = locking system.

* sistema decimal = decimal system.

* sistema de circulación automatizado = automated circulation system.

* sistema de circulación del agua = water circulation system.

* sistema de clases sociales = class system.

* sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.

* sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).

* sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.

* sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.

* sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.

* sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.

* sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.

* sistema de cobro por la información usada = information metering.

* sistema de codificación = coding system.

* sistema de compañías = companionship system.

* sistema de comunicación = communication system.

* sistema de comunicaciones = communication system.

* Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).

* sistema de comunicación óptica = optical communication system.

* Sistema de Comunicación por Paquetes (PSS) = Packet-Switching System (PSS).

* sistema de conductos eléctricos = ducting system.

* sistema de conferencia en línea = online conferencing system.

* sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.

* sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.

* sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.

* sistema de conversión de texto a voz = text-to-speech system.

* sistema de copias de seguridad = backup system.

* sistema de creencias = belief system.

* sistema de criba = vetting system.

* sistema de deducción de puntos = points system.

* sistema de defensa = defence system.

* sistema de detección = detection system.

* sistema de detección de libros = book detection system.

* sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.

* sistema de discos ópticos = optical disc system.

* sistema de distribución = distribution system.

* sistema de drenaje = drainage system.

* sistema de emergencia = backup supply, backup system.

* sistema de emisión de gases = exhaust system.

* sistema de emisión de humos = exhaust system.

* sistema de encendido = ignition system.

* sistema de entrada mediante tarjetas = card-entry system.

* sistema de entrada múltiple = multiple entry system.

* sistema de entrada única = single entry system.

* sistema de escritura = writing system.

* sistema de evaluación = rating system.

* sistema de evaluación anónima = double-blind.

* sistema de evaluación por paresanónima = double-blind refereeing system.

* sistema de extinción de incendios mediante rociadores de agua = water sprinkler fire extinguishing system.

* sistema de extinción de incendios = fire extinguishing system, extinguishing system.

* sistema de extinción de incendios mediante gas halón = halon gas fire extinguishing system.

* sistema de facturación = billing system.

* sistema de facturación por uso = cost billing system.

* sistema defensivo = defence system.

* sistema de fichas = card based system.

* sistema de fichas peek-a-boo = peek-a-boo system.

* sistema de frenado = brake system, braking system.

* sistema de frenado antibloqueo = antilock braking system.

* sistema de frenos = brake system, braking system.

* sistema de géneros = sex/gender system.

* sistema de gestión bibliotecaria = library system, library management system.

* sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.

* sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).

* sistema de gestión de imágenes = imaging system, image-based system, image management system.

* sistema de gestión de la información (SGI) = information management system (IMS).

* sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).

* Sistema de Gestión de Mensajes (MHS) = Message Handling System (MHS).

* sistema de gestión de registros = record(s) system.

* sistema de gestión documental = information retrieval system (IRS), record(s) system.

* sistema de gobierno = polity.

* sistema de iluminación = lighting system.

* sistema de incentivos = reward system, system of incentives [incentive system].

* sistema de indización = indexing system, index system.

* sistema de indización con conservación del contexto (PRECIS) = PRECIS.

* Sistema de Indización de Estructura Profunda (DSIS) = Deep Structure Indexing System (DSIS).

* sistema de indización de fichas = card index system.

* Sistema de Indización por Frases Anidadas (NEPHIS) = Nested Phrase Indexing System (NEPHIS).

* sistema de indización postcoordinada = post-coordinate indexing system.

* sistema de indización PRECIS = PRECIS indexing system.

* sistema de indización precoordinada = pre-coordinate indexing system.

* sistema de información = information system.

* Sistema de Información Bibliotecario = LIBRIS.

* sistema de información documental = document information system.

* Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).

* sistema de información integrado = integrated information system.

* sistema de información sectorial = sectoral information system.

* Sistema de Información sobre Literatura Gris en Europa (SIGLE) = SIGLE (System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe).

* sistema + dejar de funcionar = system + crash.

* sistema de justicia penal = criminal justice system.

* sistema de la ciencia, el = system of science, the.

* sistema de lápiz óptico = data pen system.

* sistema de llave en mano = turnkey system, turnkey software system.

* sistema de lógica difusa = fuzzy system.

* sistema del olfato = olfactory system.

* sistema de medición de los recursos usados = metering system.

* sistema de megafonía = public address system.

* sistema de mercado = market system.

* sistema de multas = fines system.

* sistema de multiusuarios = multi-user system.

* sistema de notas = grading system.

* sistema de numeración = numbering scheme, numbering system.

* sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.

* sistema de préstamo = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system.

* sistema de préstamo automatizado = automated circulation system.

* sistema de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan system.

* sistema de presupuestación mediante planificación y programación = planning programming budgeting system (PPBS).

* sistema de primas = bonus scheme.

* sistema de procesamiento de información = information processing system.

* sistema de proceso de datos = data processing system.

* sistema de proceso de imágenes = imaging system.

* sistema de puntuación = point system.

* sistema de reclamaciones = chasing system.

* sistema de recompensa = reward system.

* sistema de reconocimiento académico = academic reward(s) system.

* sistema de recuperación = retrieval system.

* sistema de recuperación de imágenes = image retrieval system.

* sistema de recuperación de información = IR system.

* sistema de recuperación de información por medio de menús = menu-based information retrieval system.

* sistema de recuperación por relevancia = relevance system.

* sistema de referencia = reference system, reference system.

* sistema de referencia por coordenadas = grid reference.

* sistema de refrigeración = cooling system.

* sistema de registro = recording system.

* sistema de reservas = booking system.

* sistema de retransmisión = relay system.

* sistema de rociadores de agua = sprinkler system, water sprinkler system.

* sistema de saneamiento = sewerage system, sewerage.

* sistema de seguimiento = monitoring system.

* sistema de seguridad = security system, backup system.

* sistema de selección = vetting system.

* sistema de sonido cuadrafónico = quadrophonic system.

* sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.

* sistema de suministro de información = information supply system.

* sistema de tarifas = charging system.

* sistema de telecomunicaciones = telecommunication system.

* sistema de televisión en color = colour system.

* sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.

* sistema de traducción automatizada = machine translation system.

* sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.

* sistema de transmisión de mensajes = messaging system.

* sistema de transporte = transport system.

* sistema de transporte público = public transport system.

* sistema de tratamiento de imágenes = image processing system.

* sistema de trueque, el = barter system, the.

* sistema de tubos neumáticos = pneumatic tube system.

* sistema de turnos = rota system.

* sistema de valores = system of values, value system.

* sistema de valores personales = personal value system.

* sistema de valores sociales = social value system.

* sistema de ventilación = ventilation system.

* sistema de vídeodisco = video disc system.

* Sistema de Vídeo Familiar (VHS) = VHS (Video Home System).

* sistema de videotexto = videotext system.

* sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.

* sistema de vigilancia = surveillance system.

* sistema de vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance system.

* sistema digestivo = digestive system.

* sistema documental = documentary system.

* sistema económico = economic system.

* sistema educativo = educational system, education system.

* sistema electoral = electoral system.

* sistema eléctrico = electrical system.

* sistema electrónico de detección de robos = electronic theft detection system.

* sistema endocrino, el = endocrine system, the.

* sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.

* sistema energético = energy system.

* sistema en lenguaje natural = natural language system.

* sistema en línea = online system.

* sistema en red = network system.

* sistema en uso = operational system.

* sistema escolar, el = school system, the.

* sistema ético = ethical system.

* sistema experto = expert system, knowledge-base system.

* Sistema General de Ordenación (SGO) = Broad System of Ordering (BSO).

* sistema híbrido = hybrid system.

* sistema ideológico = system of thought.

* sistema informático = computing system, computer system.

* sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.

* sistema inmunológico = immune system.

* sistema integrado = integrated system.

* sistema integrado de gestión bibliotecaria = integrated library package.

* sistema inteligente = intelligent system.

* sistema interactivo = interactive system.

* sistema interactivo en línea = interactive online system.

* sistema intermediario = backend system.

* Sistema Internacional de Información sobre Agricultura (AGRIS) = AGRIS (International Agricultural Information System).

* Sistema Internacional de Unidades, el = International System of Units, the.

* sistema judicial = judicial system.

* sistema legal, el = legal system, the.

* sistema mercantil = market system.

* sistema mercantilista = mercantile system.

* sistema métrico decimal, el = metric system, the, decimal metric system, the.

* sistema métrico, el = metric system, the.

* sistema monetario = coinage.

* sistema monetario, el = coinage system, the.

* Sistema Monetario Europeo = European Monetary System.

* sistema nervioso = nervous system.

* sistema nervioso central = central nervous system.

* sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.

* sistema numérico = numbering scheme, numbering system.

* sistema obsoleto = legacy system.

* sistema ofimático = office system.

* sistema olfativo = olfactory system.

* sistema operativo = operating system, operational system, computer operating system.

* sistema operativo de disco = Disc Operating System (DOS).

* sistema óptico = optical system, optical system.

* sistema óptico de información = optical information system.

* sistema orgánico = organ system.

* sistema organizativo = organisational scheme, organisation scheme.

* sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.

* sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.

* sistema para información geográfica (SIG) = Geographical Information System (GIS).

* sistema para la información de gestión = management information system (MIS).

* Sistema para la Información Geográfica (SIG) = Geographic Information System (GIS).

* sistema para la recuperación de texto libre = free text retrieval system.

* sistema penal = penal system.

* sistema penitenciario = penal system.

* sistema personal = home system.

* sistema político = political system.

* sistema político unipartidista = one-party rule.

* sistema precoordinado = pre-coordinate system.

* sistema respiratorio = respiratory system.

* sistema social = social system.

* sistema solar, el = solar system, the.

* sistema + venirse abajo = system + crash.

* sistema virtual de gestión de cursos = course management system.

* teoría de sistemas = systems theory.

* vendedor de sistemas = systems vendor.

* volver a levantar el sistema = restart.

* * *

sistema

masculine

A (método) system

necesitamos un nuevo sistema we need a new way of doing things o a new system

trabajar con sistema to work systematically o methodically

él se opone a todo lo que yo propongo, por sistema he systematically o invariably opposes everything I propose, as a matter of course he opposes everything I propose

B

1 (conjunto organizado) system

el sistema educativo/impositivo the education/tax system

el sistema de calefacción the heating system

2 ( Inf) system

entrar en or al sistema to log in o on

salir del sistema to log out o off

Compuestos:

● sistema de contramedidas electrónicas

( Mil) Electronic Counter Measures

● sistema de distribución

distribution system

● sistema de ecuaciones

set of simultaneous equations

● sistema de navegación por satélite

satellite navegation system

● sistema de tarifa única

through-ticketing

● sistema experto

expert system

● sistema métrico decimal

[ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ], [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ], [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ], [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ], [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ]

metric system

● Sistema Monetario Europeo

European Monetary System

● sistema montañoso

mountain range

● sistema nervioso

nervous system

● sistema nervioso central

central nervous system

● sistema operativo

operating system

● sistema operativo de disco

disk operating system

● sistema solar

solar system

● sistema tarifario integrado

( Esp) through-ticketing

* * *

sistema sustantivo masculino
1 ( método) system;
◊ trabajar con sistema to work systematically o methodically

2 ( conjunto organizado) system;
◊ sistema nervioso nervous system;

sistema solar solar system;
Ssistema Monetario Europeo European Monetary System
3 (Inf) system;
◊ entrar en el/salir del sistema to log on/off

sistema sustantivo masculino
1 system
sistema circulatorio, circulatory system
sistema operativo, operating system
2 (modo) tenemos que buscar un sistema para hacerlo, we have to find a way to do it
♦ Locuciones: por sistema, as a rule
' sistema' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bicameral
- decimal
- dicotomía
- educativa
- educativo
- enseñanza
- inconveniente
- instrumentación
- inutilizar
- LOGSE
- métrica
- métrico
- monetaria
- monetario
- obsoleta
- obsoleto
- perfección
- poner
- refrigeración
- salir
- simulador
- simuladora
- SME
- SMI
- solar
- subsistir
- sufragio
- tributación
- tributaria
- tributario
- vía
- vídeo
- afianzar
- afiliarse
- alfabetizar
- aparato
- aplicar
- cómodo
- complicado
- defecto
- desbaratar
- ejido
- escritura
- falla
- fórmula
- funcionamiento
- impositivo
- inadecuado
- ineficaz
- ingeniar
English:
advanced
- Amtrak
- antilock braking system
- backup
- change over
- decimal system
- develop
- development
- diagram
- DOS
- efficient
- electronic
- establishment
- European Monetary System
- flagship
- glitch
- GPA
- imperial mile
- instal
- install
- institute
- log in
- log off
- log on
- log out
- machinery
- metric
- MIS
- nervous system
- operating system
- operational
- PA
- piecemeal
- plumbing
- pony express
- process
- respiratory system
- retrieval
- sanitary
- service
- set-up
- sewerage
- system
- tax system
- unsystematic
- unsystematically
- comprehensive
- day
- decimalization
- down

* * *

sistema

♦ nm

1. [conjunto ordenado] system

Comp
sistema de apertura retardada time lock;
sistema de apoyo support system;

el sistema bancario the banking system;
Astron sistema binario [de estrellas] binary system;
sistema cegesimal [de unidades] CGS system;

el Sistema Central = Spanish central mountain range;

sistema de coordenadas coordinate system;

sistema decimal decimal system;
TV sistema dual bilingual broadcasting;
sistema fiscal tax system;

el Sistema Ibérico the Iberian chain;

sistema impositivo tax system;

sistema internacional de unidades SI system;

sistema métrico (decimal) metric (decimal) system;

Sistema Monetario Europeo European Monetary System;

sistema montañoso mountain chain o range;

sistema periódico (de los elementos) periodic table (of elements);

sistema planetario planetary system;

sistema político political system;

sistema de referencia frame of reference;

sistema de seguridad security system;

sistema solar solar system;

sistema de transportes transport system;

sistema tributario tax system

2. Anat system

Comp
sistema cardiovascular cardiovascular system;
sistema circulatorio circulatory system;

sistema endocrino endocrine system;

sistema inmunológico immune system;

sistema linfático lymphatic system;

sistema nervioso nervous system;

sistema nervioso central central nervous system

3. [método, orden] method;

trabajar con sistema to work methodically

4. Informát system

Comp
sistema de alimentación ininterrumpida uninterruptible power supply;
sistema de almacenamiento storage system;

sistema de archivos jerárquicos hierarchical file system;

sistema de autor authoring system;

sistema binario binary system;

sistema experto expert system;

sistema de gestión de bases de datos database management system;

sistema hexadecimal hexadecimal system, base 16;

sistema multiprocesador multiprocessor system;

sistema multiusuario multi-user system;

sistema de nombres de dominio domain name system;

sistema operativo operating system

5. Ling system

♦ por sistema loc adv

systematically;

me lleva la contraria por sistema he always argues with everything I say

SISTEMA EDUCATIVO

The Spanish education system starts with free nursery school from 3 to 6. This is followed by primary school from 6 to 12, and compulsory secondary education from 12 to 16, successful completion of which entitles pupils to a “secondary school diploma”. There is then a choice of a general course of study (“bachillerato”) or a technical one, both of two years. The bachillerato allows access to university courses, which can lead to a diploma or degree. In Latin America, there is great variation in educational provision from country to country. The end of compulsory education ranges from age 11 in Honduras to 16 in Peru, though in most countries it is between 13 and 15. Actual enrolment in primary school is high, even in the poorer countries, but about a third of secondary-school-age Latin American children are not actually enrolled. In a poor country such as Guatemala this rises to two-thirds, compared with the high level of secondary enrolment in Argentina, Chile or Cuba.

* * *

sistema

m system

* * *

sistema nm

: system

* * *

sistema n system

el sistema político the political system

sistema nervioso nervous system

sistema solar solar system

Spanish-English dictionary > sistema
38 igual

adj.

1 the same.

llevan jerseys iguales they're wearing the same jumper

son iguales they're the same

tengo uno igual que el tuyo I've got one just like yours

es igual de grande que el mío it's as big as mine, it's the same size as mine

2 similar (parecido).

de carácter son iguales they have very similar characters

3 equal (equivalente).

4 even (liso).

5 constant (constante) (velocidad).

6 level, even.

7 homologous, of the same essential nature.

adv.

1 the same.

yo pienso igual I think the same, I think so too

es muy alto, al igual que su padre he's very tall, just like his father

baila igual que la Pavlova she dances just like Pavlova

por igual equally

2 perhaps (posiblemente). (peninsular Spanish)

igual llueve it could well rain

con suerte, igual llego mañana with a bit of luck I may arrive tomorrow

3 alike, similarly, the same.

intj.

anyhow, just the same.

f. & m.

equal.

de igual a igual as an equal

sin igual without equal, unrivaled

* * *

igual

► adjetivo

1 (parte) equal

2 (lo mismo) the same

■ estas dos copias son iguales these two copies are the same

■ es igual de alto que tú he is as tall as you

■ son de igual tamaño they are equal in size

■ tengo dos vestidos iguales I've two identical dresses

3 (muy parecido) just like

■ es igual que su hermano he's just like his brother

4 MATEMÁTICAS equal

■ A es igual a B A equals B, A is equal to B

■ dos más dos es igual a cuatro two plus two makes four

► nombre masculino

1 (persona) equal

■ sólo habla con sus iguales he only talks to his equals

2 MATEMÁTICAS (signo) equals sign

■ no te dejes el igual don't leave the equals sign out

► adverbio

1 (en comparativas) the same

■ he comido igual que tú I've eaten as much as you

■ cobra igual que yo she earns the same as I do

2 familiar maybe, perhaps

■ igual no vienen they may well not come

3 iguales (en tenis) all

■ iguales a treinta thirty all

■ iguales a cuarenta deuce

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a partes iguales into equal parts

al igual que like

da igual it doesn't matter

de igual a igual as an equal

es igual it doesn't matter

ir iguales (al mismo nivel) to be at the same level 2 (en deportes) to be even 3 (en el vestir) to be dressed the same

por igual (uniformemente) evenly

siempre igual always the same

sin igual (hallazgo) unparalleled 2 (persona) unrivalled 3 (belleza) unique

¡habráse visto cosa igual! I've never seen anything like it

* * *
1. adj.
1) equal

2) alike

3) same
2. noun mf.
equal

* * *

1. ADJ

1) (=idéntico)

todas las casas son iguales — all the houses are the same

son todos iguales — they're all the same

llevaban la corbata igual — they were wearing the same tie

son únicamente iguales en apariencia — they are alike in appearance only

• igual a, este es igual al otro — this one is like the other one, this one is the same as the other one

había vendido ya dos vestidos iguales a ese — I had already sold two dresses like that one

• no he visto nunca cosa igual — I never saw the like o anything like it

• partes iguales — equal shares

se dividieron el dinero en partes iguales — they divided the money into equal shares

• igual que, tengo una falda igual que la tuya — I've got a skirt just like yours, I've got a skirt the same as yours

es igual que su madre — [físicamente] she looks just like her mother; [en la personalidad] she's just like her mother

2)

• igual de, es igual de útil pero más barato — it's just as useful but cheaper

estoy igual de sorprendido que tú — I am just as surprised as you are

las dos habitaciones son igual de grandes — the two rooms are the same size

3) [en rango, jerarquía] equal

todos somos iguales ante la ley — we are all equal in the eyes of the law

somos iguales en derechos y en deberes — we have the same rights and obligations

4) (Mat) equal

un kilómetro es igual a 1.000 metros — a kilometre is equal to 1,000 metres, a kilometre equals 1,000 metres

X es igual a Y — X is equal to Y

5) (=constante) [ritmo] steady; [presión, temperatura] steady, constant; [clima] constant; [terreno] even

6) (Dep)

ir iguales — to be level

quince iguales — fifteen all

cuarenta iguales — deuce

2. ADV

1) (=de la misma forma)

se visten igual — they dress the same

2) [locuciones]

a)

• da igual, es igual — it makes no difference, it's all the same

da o es igual hoy que mañana — today or tomorrow, it doesn't matter o it makes no difference

me da igual, me es igual — it's all the same to me, I don't mind

b)

• por igual — equally

esta norma se aplica a todos por igual — this rule applies equally to everyone

c)

• igual que (=como) —

igual que cualquier otro — just like anybody else

le gusta Brahms, igual que a mí — like me, he is fond of Brahms

• al igual que, los chilenos, al igual que los argentinos, estiman que... — the Chileans, (just) like the Argentinians, think that...

3) Esp * (=quizás) maybe

igual no lo saben — maybe they don't know, they may not know

igual voy al cine — I may go to the cinema

4) esp Cono Sur * (=a pesar de todo) just the same, still

era inocente pero me expulsaron igual — I was innocent but they threw me out just the same, I was innocent but they still threw me out

3.

SMF [en la misma escala social] equal; [en la misma clase, trabajo] peer

estaba mucho más contento entre sus iguales — he felt much happier being amongst his equals

se sentía como una extraña entre sus iguales — she felt like a stranger among her peers

sus iguales en edad y clase social — people of his age and social class

tratar a algn de igual a igual — to treat sb as an equal

4. SM

1) (Mat) equals sign, equal sign (EEUU)

2) (=comparación)

no tener igual — to be unrivalled, have no equal

su crueldad hacía ellos no tenía igual — their cruelty towards them was unparalleled

• sin igual — unrivalled

el paisaje es de una belleza sin igual — the countryside is unrivalled in its beauty

3) pl iguales (=lotería) lottery tickets

* * *
I
adjetivo

1)

a) ( idéntico)

de igual peso/iguales dimensiones — of equal weight/dimensions

son iguales — they are the same o alike

estás igualito — you're just the same (colloq)

igual a or que algo/alguien — the same as something/somebody

es igualita a or que su madre — ( físicamente) she looks just like her mother; ( en personalidad) she's exactly the same as o just like her mother

x + y = z — (read as: x más y igual z or es igual a z) x + y = z (léase: x plus y equals z)

sigue igual de joven — she still looks as young as ever

de forma son iguales — they're the same shape

ser or dar igual: me es or da igual I don't mind; me es or da igual ir hoy que mañana — it makes no difference to me whether I go today or tomorrow

b) ( en una jerarquía) equal

iguales ante la ley — equal in the eyes of the law

c) ( semejante)

jamás había oído estupidez igual — I'd never heard anything so stupid

habráse visto cosa igual! — have you ever seen anything like it!

2) ( constante) constant

3) ( en tenis)

quince iguales — fifteen all

van iguales — they're even
II
adverbio

1)

a) ( de la misma manera)

los trato a todos igual — I treat them all the same

b) (en locs)

al igual que — (frml)

el ministro, al igual que su homólogo mexicano, acudirá a la reunión — the minister will attend the meeting, as will his Mexican counterpart (frml)

igual que: tiene pecas, igual que su hermano she has freckles, (just) like her brother; se llama igual que su padre he's named after his father; me resultó aburrido - igual que a mí I thought it was boring - so did I; opino igual que tú I agree with you; por igual — equally

2) ( de todos modos) anyway

no le di permiso pero salió igual — I didn't give him permission but he went out anyway

3) ( expresando posibilidad)

igual llueve y no podemos salir — it might rain and then we won't be able to go out

igual no viene — he may (well) not even come

igual llamaron y no estábamos — they may have called and we weren't in
III
masculino y femenino

1) ( par) equal

de igual a igual: le habló de igual a igual he spoke to him on equal terms; me trató de igual a igual she treated me as an equal; sin igual <belleza/talento> unequaled*, matchless (frml); es un compositor sin igual — he's unrivaled as a composer

2) igual masculino ( signo) equals sign

* * *
I
adjetivo

1)

a) ( idéntico)

de igual peso/iguales dimensiones — of equal weight/dimensions

son iguales — they are the same o alike

estás igualito — you're just the same (colloq)

igual a or que algo/alguien — the same as something/somebody

es igualita a or que su madre — ( físicamente) she looks just like her mother; ( en personalidad) she's exactly the same as o just like her mother

x + y = z — (read as: x más y igual z or es igual a z) x + y = z (léase: x plus y equals z)

sigue igual de joven — she still looks as young as ever

de forma son iguales — they're the same shape

ser or dar igual: me es or da igual I don't mind; me es or da igual ir hoy que mañana — it makes no difference to me whether I go today or tomorrow

b) ( en una jerarquía) equal

iguales ante la ley — equal in the eyes of the law

c) ( semejante)

jamás había oído estupidez igual — I'd never heard anything so stupid

habráse visto cosa igual! — have you ever seen anything like it!

2) ( constante) constant

3) ( en tenis)

quince iguales — fifteen all

van iguales — they're even
II
adverbio

1)

a) ( de la misma manera)

los trato a todos igual — I treat them all the same

b) (en locs)

al igual que — (frml)

el ministro, al igual que su homólogo mexicano, acudirá a la reunión — the minister will attend the meeting, as will his Mexican counterpart (frml)

igual que: tiene pecas, igual que su hermano she has freckles, (just) like her brother; se llama igual que su padre he's named after his father; me resultó aburrido - igual que a mí I thought it was boring - so did I; opino igual que tú I agree with you; por igual — equally

2) ( de todos modos) anyway

no le di permiso pero salió igual — I didn't give him permission but he went out anyway

3) ( expresando posibilidad)

igual llueve y no podemos salir — it might rain and then we won't be able to go out

igual no viene — he may (well) not even come

igual llamaron y no estábamos — they may have called and we weren't in
III
masculino y femenino

1) ( par) equal

de igual a igual: le habló de igual a igual he spoke to him on equal terms; me trató de igual a igual she treated me as an equal; sin igual <belleza/talento> unequaled*, matchless (frml); es un compositor sin igual — he's unrivaled as a composer

2) igual masculino ( signo) equals sign

* * *

igual¹

¹ = equal.

Nota: Nombre.

Ex: However, there is a lack of equality among equals that has to do with the way small libraries can get access to the data base = De cualquier manera, existe una falta de igualdad entre iguales que tiene que ver con la forma en que las bibliotecas pequeñas pueden acceder a la base de datos.

* de igual a igual = as a peer.

* sin igual = unequalled, unexampled, unsurpassed, unique unto itself, unrivalled [unrivaled, -USA], without equal, matchless.

igual²

= identical, matching, equal, same difference, the.

Ex: The DISPLAY command is identical to the TYPE command except when using a format which includes only a few lines per record.

Ex: By selecting this qualifier all works having a matching number of pages will be included in the search.

Ex: Collection development should ideally involve de-acquisitions as an on-going program of equal importance.

Ex: The article 'Online, CD-ROM and Web: is it the same difference? discusses some obstacles to the use of electronic information.

* al igual que = as with, like, in common with, much as, after the fashion of, so too, similar to, much like.

* al igual que con todo en la vida = as with everything in life.

* al igual que + Nombre = not unlike + Nombre.

* a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).

* así como... de igual modo... = just as... so....

* a todos por igual = one size fits all.

* de igual forma = in like manner, in a like manner, in like fashion, in like vein.

* de igual longitud = of equal length.

* de igual manera = by the same token, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein, in equal measure(s).

* de igual modo = alike, equally, in like fashion, in like manner, in like vein.

* de igual modo que = just as, just as well... as..., along the lines of, on the lines (of).

* de igual + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.

* en igual medida = similarly.

* entonces al igual que ahora = then as now.

* igual da = same difference, the.

* igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de igual valor = equal pay for equal work.

* iguales de largo = of equal length.

* igual para todos = one size fits all.

* igual que = on the lines (of).

* las cosas siguen igual = business as usual.

* no somos todos iguales = one size doesn't fit all.

* para todos por igual = across the board [across-the-board].

* participar por igual en = have + an equal voice in.

* permanecer igual = remain + unchanged.

* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).

* quedar igual = remain + the same.

* quedarse igual = be none the wiser.

* referencias laterales a términos de igual especificidad = sideways link.

* seguir igual = be none the worse for wear.

* ser igual a = be equivalent to, equal.

* ser igual que = amount to + the same thing as.

* signo igual = equals sign.

* si todo sigue igual = all (other) things being equal.

* todos por igual = share and share alike.

* tratar de igual modo = treat as + equal.

* * *

igual¹

adjective

A

1

(idéntico): dos cajas de igual peso/iguales dimensiones two boxes of equal weight/dimensions

son los dos iguales, ambiciosos y egoístas they are both the same o both alike, ambitious and selfish

son iguales en todo they're identical o the same in every way

por ti no pasan los años, estás igualito time hasn't changed you a bit, you're just the same ( colloq)

Inés tiene uno exactamente igual Inés has one exactly the same, Inés has one just like it

igual A or QUE algo/algn the same AS sth/sb

tengo unos zapatos iguales a los tuyos I have some shoes the same as yours

¿dónde puedo encontrar un botón igual a éste? where can I find a button like o the same as this one?

es igualita a or que su madre (físicamente) she's the image of o she looks just like her mother; (en personalidad) she's exactly the same as o just like her mother

x + y = z read as: x más y igual z or es igual a z x + y = z (léase: x plus y equals z)

igual DE algo:

sigue igual de joven she's still as young (as ever)

está igual de alto que yo he's as tall as I am, he's the same height as me

de forma son iguales, pero éste es más oscuro they're the same shape, but this one is darker

ser/dar igual: ¿quieres té o café? — me da igual do you want tea or coffee? — I don't mind

me es igual ir hoy que mañana it makes no difference to me o it's all the same to me whether I go today or tomorrow, I don't mind whether I go today or tomorrow

da igual, ya me compraré otro never mind o it doesn't matter, I'll buy another one

es igual, lo puedo hacer yo never mind o it doesn't matter, I can do it

2 (en una jerarquía) equal

todos somos iguales ante la ley we are all equal in the eyes of the law

3

(semejante): jamás había oído estupidez igual I'd never heard anything so stupid

¡habráse visto cosa igual! have you ever seen anything like it!, have you ever seen the like! ( colloq)

no había visto nada igual en toda mi vida I'd never seen anything like it in all my life

B (constante) constant

lleva un ritmo de trabajo muy igual he works at a steady o an even pace

la fuerza aplicada debe ser siempre igual the (amount of) force applied must remain constant o uniform

C

(en tenis): quince iguales fifteen all

van iguales they're even o level

igual²

adverb

A

1

(de la misma manera): se pronuncian igual they're pronounced the same

los trato a todos igual I treat them all the same o equally

2 ( en locs):

al igual que ( frml): el ministro, al igual que su homólogo argentino, acudirá a la reunión the minister will attend the meeting, as will his Argentinian counterpart ( frml)

igual que: tiene pecas, igual que su hermano she has freckles, (just) like her brother

se llama igual que su padre he's named after his father

me resultó aburrido — igual que a mí I thought it was boring — so did I o me too

opino igual que tú I agree with you, I think the same as you

tendrá que hacer cola, igual que todos los demás you'll have to stand in line the same as o (just) like everyone else

por igual equally

la ley se aplica a todos por igual the law applies to everybody equally

trató a todos por igual he treated them all equally o the same

B (de todos modos) anyway

¿tú no quieres venir? yo voy igual don't you want to come? well, I'm going anyway o I'm still going

no hay nada que hacer pero nos hacen ir igual there's nothing for us to do but they still make us go in

no le di permiso pero salió igual or igual salió I didn't give him permission but he went out all the same o anyway

C

(expresando posibilidad): igual llueve y tampoco podemos salir it might rain and then we won't be able to go out anyway

igual no viene he may (well) not even come

igual llamaron y no los oímos it's possible they called and we didn't hear them, they may have called and we didn't hear them

igual³

masculine and feminine

A (par) equal

se sentía a gusto entre sus iguales she felt at home among her equals o peers

de igual a igual: le habló al presidente de igual a igual he addressed the president on equal terms

me trató de igual a igual she treated me as an equal

sin igual ‹belleza/talento› unequaled*, matchless ( frml)

es un compositor sin igual he's unrivaled o unequaled as a composer

B igual masculine (signo) equals sign

C iguales mpl ( Esp) (de una lotería) lottery tickets (pl) ( with same number)

* * *

igual adjetivo
1
a) ( idéntico):

◊ de igual peso of equal o the same weight;

son iguales they are the same o alike;
de forma son iguales they're the same shape;
igual a or que algo/algn the same as sth/sb;
es igualita a or que su madre ( físicamente) she looks just like her mother;

( en personalidad) she's exactly the same as o just like her mother;
◊ es igual a x (Mat) it equals x;

me/nos es or da igual I/we don't mind, it makes no difference to me/to us
b) ( en una jerarquía) equal;

◊ iguales ante la ley equal in the eyes of the law

2 ( en tenis):
◊ quince iguales fifteen all;

van iguales they're even
■ adverbio
1
a) ( de la misma manera):

◊ los trato a todos igual I treat them all the same

b) ( en locs)

◊ al igual que (frml) as, like;

igual que: tiene pecas, igual que su hermano she has freckles, (just) like her brother;
se llama igual que su padre he's named after his father;
me aburrí — igual que yo I got bored — so did I o me too;
opino igual que tú I agree with you;
por igual equally
2 ( de todos modos) anyway
3 ( expresando posibilidad):
◊ igual llueve y no podemos salir it might rain and then we won't be able to go out;

igual llamaron y no estábamos they may have called and we weren't in
■ sustantivo masculino y femenino ( par) equal;
◊ le habló de igual a igual he spoke to him on equal terms;

me trató de igual a igual she treated me as an equal;
sin igual ‹belleza/talento› unequaled^{( conjugate unequaled)}, matchless (frml);
es un compositor sin igual he's unrivaled as a composer
■ sustantivo masculino ( signo) equals sign
igual
I adjetivo
1 (del mismo aspecto) the same: llevaban sombreros iguales, they wore identical hats
familiar (muy parecido) esta niña es igual que su padre, this girl is the spitting image of her father
2 (indiferente) me da igual, it's all the same to me
es igual, it doesn't matter
3 (del mismo tamaño) equal: no os peleéis, los dos trozos son iguales, don't quarrel, both pieces are the same size
a partes iguales, fifty-fifty
4 Dep (empatados) even
Ten treinta iguales, thirty all
5 Mat equal: tres más cinco igual a ocho, three plus five equals eight
II sustantivo masculino equal
de igual a igual, on an equal footing
III adv fam
1 (de la misma manera) the same: se visten igual, they dress in the same way
todo sigue igual, everything remains the same
(de todas formas, sin embargo) anyway: no importa lo que le digas, lo va a hacer igual, it doesn't matter what you say to him, he'll do it anyway
2 (probablemente) probably: igual vengo, I'll probably come
♦ Locuciones: al igual que, just like
igual que: lo haces igual que yo, you do it just the same as me
por igual, equally: me interesan ambos por igual, I'm interested in both of them
sin igual, unique, unrivalled

' igual' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cosa
- económica
- económico
- ganarse
- igualmente
- ocho
- signo
- vida
- dar
- más
- modo
- pasar
- ver
English:
alike
- aloud
- as
- care
- close
- easy
- equal
- equally
- even
- just
- like
- like-minded
- likewise
- match
- matter
- mind
- never
- plus
- same
- unchanged
- differently
- four
- jot
- still
- token
- twice
- unsurpassed
- way
- work

* * *

igual

♦ adj

1. [idéntico] the same ( que o a as);
llevan jerseys iguales they're wearing the same sweater;

son iguales they're the same;

¿has visto qué casa?, me gustaría tener una igual have you seen that house? I wouldn't mind having one like it;

tengo una bicicleta igual que la tuya I've got a bicycle just like yours;

lo hirieron con un cuchillo igual a éste he was wounded with a knife just like this one;

su estadio es igual de grande que el nuestro their stadium is as big as o the same size as ours;

todos los chicos eran igual de guapos all the boys were equally good-looking, all the boys were just as good-looking as each other;

sigue siendo igual de presumido he's (just) as vain as ever;

todos los hombres sois iguales you men are all the same;

todos somos iguales ante la ley we are all equal in the eyes of the law

2. [parecido] similar ( que to);
son dos atletas muy iguales en su forma de correr they are two athletes who have a very similar style of running;

este niño, de cara, es igual que su padre this child looks just like his father;

físicamente no se parecen, pero de carácter son iguales they don't look anything like each other, but they have very similar characters

3. [tal, semejante]
no había visto cosa igual en toda mi vida I'd never seen the like of it;

¿has oído alguna vez mentira igual? have you ever heard such a lie?

4. [equivalente] equal (a to);
su brillantez era igual a su ambición his brilliance was matched by his ambition

5. [llano] even;
[sin asperezas] smooth
6. [constante] [velocidad, aceleración] constant;
[clima, temperatura] even
7. Mat
A más B es igual a C A plus B equals C

♦ nmf

equal;

sólo se relacionaba con sus iguales she only mixed with her equals;

de igual a igual as an equal;

te hablo de igual a igual I am speaking to you as an equal;

llevan una relación de igual a igual they treat each other as equals;

no tener igual to have no equal, to be unrivalled;

sin igual without equal, unrivalled;

el actor principal tiene un talento sin igual the leading man is unrivalled in his ability;

es un espectáculo sin igual it is a sight without equal

♦ nm
[signo] equal o equals sign
♦ iguales nmpl
Antes [de la ONCE] = tickets for the Spanish National Association for the Blind lottery which bear the same number
♦ adv

1. [de la misma manera] the same;

yo pienso igual I think the same, I think so too;

¡qué curioso!, a mí me pasó igual how odd, the same thing happened to me!;

el café estaba frío y el té igual the coffee was cold and so was the tea;

es muy alto, al igual que su padre he's very tall, just like his father;

el limón, al igual que la naranja, tiene mucha vitamina C lemons, like oranges, contain a lot of vitamin C;

baila igual que la Pavlova she dances just like Pavlova;

por igual equally;

nos trataron a todos por igual they treated us all the same o equally

2. Esp [posiblemente]
igual llueve it could well rain;

con suerte, igual llego mañana with a bit of luck I may arrive tomorrow;

igual dejo este trabajo y me busco otra cosa I may well give up this job and look for something different

3. Dep
van iguales the scores are level o US tied;

treinta iguales [en tenis] thirty all;

cuarenta iguales, iguales a cuarenta [en tenis] deuce

4.
dar igual: me da igual lo que piense la gente [no me importa] I don't care what people think;

¿quieres salir o prefieres quedarte? – me es igual do you want to go out, or would you rather stay in? – it's all the same to me o I don't mind;

lo siento, no voy a poder ayudar – da o [m5]es igual, no te preocupes I'm sorry but I won't be able to help – it doesn't matter, don't worry;

¿vamos o nos quedamos? – da o [m5] es igual should we go or should we stay? – it doesn't make any difference;

es igual, si no tienen vino tomaré otra cosa never mind, if you haven't got any wine I'll have something else

5. Andes, RP [aún así] all the same;

estaba nublado pero igual fuimos a la playa it was cloudy but we went to the beach all the same

* * *

igual

I adj

1 ( idéntico) same (a, que as);

es igual a su padre he’s just like his father;

al igual que like, the same as

2 ( proporcionado) equal (a to)

3 ( constante) constant

II m/f equal;

tratar de igual a igual treat as an equal;

no tener igual have no equal;

sin igual unequaled, Br unequalled

III m MAT equals sign

IV adv

:

igual vengo mañana I may come tomorrow;

me da igual I don’t mind

* * *

igual adv

1) : in the same way

2)

por igual : equally

igual adj

1) : equal

2) idéntico: the same, alike

3) : even, smooth

4) semejante: similar

5) constante: constant

igual nmf

: equal, peer

* * *

igual¹ adj

1. (parte) equal

cortó el pastel en ocho trozos iguales he cut the cake into eight equal pieces

cinco más cuatro es igual a nueve five plus four equals nine

2. (lo mismo) the same / like

vuestro coche es igual que el nuestro your car is the same as ours

la niña es igual que su madre the little girl looks just like her mother

dar igual not to matter

da igual lo que digas it doesn't matter what you say

igual de... as... as

soy igual de alto que tú I'm as tall as you

me da igual I don't mind / it makes no difference to me

ser igual not to matter

me es igual it doesn't matter / I don't mind

igual² adv

1. (lo mismo) the same

estos tres bolígrafos cuestan igual these three biros cost the same

he comido igual que tú I've eaten as much as you

es rubio, igual que su padre he's blond, like his father

2. (posiblemente) probably / maybe

igual me voy al cine I'll probably go to the cinema

igual no viene he may not come

igual³ n (signo) equals sign

Spanish-English dictionary > igual
39 ámbito

m.

1 space, ambit, closed quarters, environment.

2 range, scope, purview.

3 terms of reference, brief of study.

* * *

ámbito

► nombre masculino

1 (espacio) sphere, space

■ en el ámbito nacional nationwide

■ en el ámbito de la región within the region

■ de ámbito local local

2 (marco) field

■ en el ámbito de la informática in the computer science field

■ fuera del ámbito de mis capacidades beyond my capabilities

* * *

SM

1) (=campo) field; (=límite) boundary, limit

dentro del ámbito de — within the limits of, in the context of

en el ámbito nacional — on a nationwide basis, on a nationwide scale

en todo el ámbito nacional — over the whole nation, throughout the country

en el ámbito nacional y extranjero — at home and abroad

2) (fig) (=esfera) scope, range

buscar mayor ámbito — to look for greater scope

ámbito de acción — sphere of activity

* * *

masculino

a) (campo, círculo) sphere, field

en el ámbito de la política/la familia — within the sphere of politics/the family

en el ámbito literario — in literary circles

b) ( alcance) scope, range

el ámbito (de aplicación) de la ley — the scope of the law

fuera del ámbito de su competencia — beyond the range of his competence

una empresa de ámbito nacional — a company with outlets/offices nationwide

* * *

= front, scope, milieu, sphere, domain, ambit, shore.

Ex. Present auguries on the resource front are not good.

Ex. Subject field definition arises from the scope of the information service or system that the indexing language is expected to serve.

Ex. These are the kinds of problems that characteristically arise in the complex and continually changing milieu of libraries and media and information centers.

Ex. I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.

Ex. The CRONOS data bank includes a FISH domain, with data on catches and fleet statistics, and the COMEXT data bank covers the external trade statistics of fisheries.

Ex. Though the liaison is valuable there is a danger of the National Archives' representatives being too submerged in the President's ambit to be fully impartial.

Ex. People have employed this term to encompass programmes of study stretching from the furthest shores of technology-based activity to the vaguest and most nebulous-seeming courses of study in the arts/humanities areas.

----

* ámbito de acción = territory, sphere of influence.

* ámbito de actuación = sphere of activity, sphere of influence, arena for activity, extent of activity.

* ámbito de aplicación = field of application.

* ámbito de estudio = scope.

* ámbito de experiencia = circle of experience.

* ámbito de interés = sphere of interest.

* ámbito de trabajo = field of endeavour.

* ámbito geográfico de actuación = catchment area.

* ámbito privado, el = private sector, the.

* ámbito público, el = public sector, the.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* en el ámbito de = in the realm of.

* entrar dentro del ámbito de = fall into + the ambit of.

* entrar en el ámbito de = fall within + the ambit of.

* * *

masculino

a) (campo, círculo) sphere, field

en el ámbito de la política/la familia — within the sphere of politics/the family

en el ámbito literario — in literary circles

b) ( alcance) scope, range

el ámbito (de aplicación) de la ley — the scope of the law

fuera del ámbito de su competencia — beyond the range of his competence

una empresa de ámbito nacional — a company with outlets/offices nationwide

* * *

= front, scope, milieu, sphere, domain, ambit, shore.

Ex: Present auguries on the resource front are not good.

Ex: Subject field definition arises from the scope of the information service or system that the indexing language is expected to serve.

Ex: These are the kinds of problems that characteristically arise in the complex and continually changing milieu of libraries and media and information centers.

Ex: I am not convinced that people become connoisseurs -- experts: educated and discriminating people in any sphere -- from limited knowledge and experience, no matter how rich in quality.

Ex: The CRONOS data bank includes a FISH domain, with data on catches and fleet statistics, and the COMEXT data bank covers the external trade statistics of fisheries.

Ex: Though the liaison is valuable there is a danger of the National Archives' representatives being too submerged in the President's ambit to be fully impartial.

Ex: People have employed this term to encompass programmes of study stretching from the furthest shores of technology-based activity to the vaguest and most nebulous-seeming courses of study in the arts/humanities areas.

* ámbito de acción = territory, sphere of influence.

* ámbito de actuación = sphere of activity, sphere of influence, arena for activity, extent of activity.

* ámbito de aplicación = field of application.

* ámbito de estudio = scope.

* ámbito de experiencia = circle of experience.

* ámbito de interés = sphere of interest.

* ámbito de trabajo = field of endeavour.

* ámbito geográfico de actuación = catchment area.

* ámbito privado, el = private sector, the.

* ámbito público, el = public sector, the.

* de ámbito estatal = statewide [state-wide].

* en el ámbito de = in the realm of.

* entrar dentro del ámbito de = fall into + the ambit of.

* entrar en el ámbito de = fall within + the ambit of.

* * *

ámbito

masculine

1 (campo, área de acción) field, area, sphere

en tres ámbitos muy distintos in three very different fields o areas o spheres

en el ámbito de la investigación in the field of research

en el ámbito de la política within the sphere of politics

han reducido su ámbito de acción they have reduced their sphere of activity

2

(ambiente): el clima de violencia vivido en el ámbito de la familia the climate of violence experienced within the family

en el ámbito literario in literary circles

3 (alcance) scope, range

fuera del ámbito de su competencia beyond the scope o range of his authority

el ámbito (de aplicación) de la ley the scope of the law

una empresa de ámbito nacional a company with outlets ( o offices etc) throughout the country o nationwide

* * *

ámbito sustantivo masculino
a) (campo, círculo) sphere, field

b) ( alcance) scope, range;

◊ el ámbito (de aplicación) de la ley the scope of the law

ámbito sustantivo masculino
1 (espacio de influencia o actuación) field: su ámbito de poder es reducido, he has a limited field of influence
en el ámbito económico la situación es más crítica, in the economic field the situation is more serious
2 (espacio físico) es una empresa de ámbito nacional, it's a nationwide company
' ámbito' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
campo
- dominio
- esfera
- medio
English:
ambit
- domain
- scope
- range
- scene

* * *

ámbito nm

1. [espacio, límites] confines, scope;

un problema de ámbito nacional a nationwide problem;

una ley de ámbito provincial a law which is applicable at provincial level;

dentro del ámbito de within the scope of;

fuera del ámbito de outside the realm of;
Biol
ámbito geográfico [de una especie] geographic domain

2. [ambiente] world, circles;

una teoría poco conocida fuera del ámbito científico a theory which is little known outside scientific circles o the scientific world;

la violencia en el ámbito familiar domestic violence

* * *

ámbito

m

1 area

2 ( límite) scope

* * *

ámbito nm

: domain, field, area

Spanish-English dictionary > ámbito
40 acceso

m.

1 entrance (entrada).

2 access (paso).

3 approach road (road).

4 fit (ataque).

un acceso de tos a fit of coughing

5 outburst, seizure, onrush, outbreak.

6 attack, bout.

7 gateway.

8 aditus.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: accesar.

* * *

acceso

► nombre masculino

1 (entrada) access, entry; (a una ciudad) approach

2 (de tos) fit; (de fiebre) attack, bout

3 figurado (ataque) fit, outburst

4 INFORMÁTICA access

■ acceso directo random access

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

'Prohibido el acceso' "No admittance"

* * *

noun m.

1) access, entry

2) admittance, entrance

* * *

SM

1) (=posibilidad de entrar) [a edificio, institución, mercado, documentos] access; [a competición] entry

tenemos libre acceso a la biblioteca — we have free access to the library

hay que garantizar el acceso público a la educación — we must guarantee public access to education

tiene acceso a la información confidencial — she has access to confidential information

acceso prohibido, prohibido el acceso — no entry, no admittance

(código de) acceso internacional — (Telec) international (dialling) code

eso coincidió con su acceso al poder — this coincided with his assuming power

• dar acceso a — [+ lugar] to lead to; [+ institución] to give entry to; [+ competición] to provide a place in; [+ información] to give access to

• de fácil acceso, un puerto de fácil acceso — a port with easy access

los controles son de fácil acceso — the controls are easily accessible

• acceso gratuito — free admission

acceso al trono — accession

2) (=llegada)

a) [en coche] access

no es posible el acceso por carretera — there is no access by road o no road access

las inundaciones han cortado los accesos a la finca — floods have cut off access o the approaches to the estate

• carretera o vía de acceso — [a ciudad] approach road; [a autovía] slip road

b) [de avión] approach

3) (=entrada) entrance

el acceso principal del museo — the main entrance to the museum

puerta de acceso — entrance gate o door

4) (Univ) (=ingreso) entrance

le negaron el acceso a la carrera que quería — they didn't let him join the course he wished

• curso de acceso — access course

• prueba de acceso — entrance exam

5) (Inform) access

acceso aleatorio — random access

acceso directo — direct access

acceso en serie — serial access

acceso múltiple — multi-access

acceso remoto — remote access

acceso secuencial — sequential access

6) (=ataque)

a) (Med) [de asma, fiebre] attack; [de tos] fit

b) [de celos, cólera] fit; [de generosidad] display

en un acceso de ira — in a fit of rage

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( a un lugar) access

rutas de acceso — approach roads

los accesos a la ciudad — roads into o approaches to the city

es el único acceso al jardín — it's the only means of access to the garden

b) (a persona, documento) access

c) (Inf) access

acceso aleatorio/secuencial — random/sequential access

2)

a) (a puesto, cargo) accession (frml)

desde su acceso al poder — since coming to o assuming power

b) ( a curso) entrance

pruebas de acceso — entrance examinations

curso de acceso — preparatory course

- acceso directo

3) (Med) attack

acceso de tos — coughing fit

en un acceso de ira/celos — in a fit of rage/jealousy

* * *

= access, admittance, login, entry, approach path.

Ex. Access to the contents of data bases is via some computer-searching technique, often using an online terminal.

Ex. New rules have made it possible to show films publicly with free admittance.

Ex. Internet access for electronic messaging, file transfer, and remote login to computer was originally only available to individuals in education and research institutions.

Ex. The entry, change, and extraction of word and phrases from abstracts is described in detail in Chapter 9.

Ex. Approach paths to site should be wide and non-slippery with liberal use being made of ramps.

----

* acceso abierto = open access (OA).

* acceso a distancia = remote access.

* acceso a la información por el autor = author approach.

* acceso a la información por el título = title approach.

* acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.

* acceso aleatorio = random access.

* acceso a los artículos de las publicaciones periódicas = article-level access.

* acceso a los documentos = document delivery.

* acceso concurrente = concurrent access.

* acceso dedicado = dedicated access.

* acceso de sólo lectura = read-only access.

* acceso directo = direct access.

* acceso en línea = online access.

* acceso identificado = password access.

* acceso libre = self-help, free access.

* acceso mediante contraseña = password access.

* acceso mediante línea telefónica = dial-access.

* acceso mediante llamada telefónica = dial-in access, dial-up access, dial up phone line.

* acceso múltiple = multiple access.

* acceso para todos = access for all.

* acceso por CD-ROM = CD-ROM access.

* acceso por materias = subject access.

* acceso público = public access.

* acceso remoto = remote access.

* acceso restringido = restricted access.

* accesos = demand load.

* acceso selectivo = selective access.

* acceso simultáneo = concurrent access.

* acceso sólo electrónico = e-only access.

* acceso violento = paroxysm.

* base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.

* biblioteca de acceso restringido = closed-stack library.

* biblioteca de libre acceso = open access library.

* camino de acceso = approach path.

* clave de acceso = password.

* Comisión Europea para la Preservación y el Acceso (ECPA) = European Commission on Preservation and Access (ECPA).

* conseguir acceso = gain + access, gain + admittance.

* control de acceso = access control.

* dar acceso = provide + access.

* dar acceso a = give + access to.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* derecho de acceso = access right.

* derecho de acceso a la información = right of access to information.

* estanterías de libre acceso = open shelves.

* facilidad de acceso = reachability.

* falta de acceso = unavailability.

* fichero de acceso aleatorio = random access file.

* fichero de punto de acceso = access-point file.

* filtrar el acceso = filter + access.

* fondo de acceso restringido = reserve collection.

* fondo de recursos electrónicos de acceso restringido = electronic reserve.

* fondos de acceso libre = open stacks.

* fondos de acceso restringido = closed access collection, closed stacks, closed access stacks.

* fondos de libre acceso = open access stacks.

* igualdad de acceso = equity of access.

* libertad de acceso a la lectura = freedom to read.

* licencia de acceso = subscription license.

* licencia de acceso a información electrónica = license [licence, -USA], licensing.

* memoria de acceso aleatorio (RAM) = random access memory (RAM).

* módulo de aceso de un portal = portlet.

* módulo de catálogo de acceso público en línea = online public access catalogue module.

* nombre de acceso = login.

* nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.

* obtener acceso = gain + access, gain + admittance.

* ofrecer acceso = provide + access.

* posibilidades de acceso = access capabilities.

* programa de acceso a Internet = browser software.

* programas de acceso = access software.

* puerta de acceso = gateway.

* punto de acceso = access point, entry point, entry term, index entry, retrieval access, search key, access point, service point, point of access, entrance point.

* puntos de acceso = entry vocabulary.

* rampa de acceso = ramp, access ramp.

* servicio de acceso público = public delivery service.

* sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.

* tarjeta de acceso = swipecard.

* tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.

* tiempo de acceso = access time, seek time, access speed.

* todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.

* vía de acceso rápido = fast track.

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( a un lugar) access

rutas de acceso — approach roads

los accesos a la ciudad — roads into o approaches to the city

es el único acceso al jardín — it's the only means of access to the garden

b) (a persona, documento) access

c) (Inf) access

acceso aleatorio/secuencial — random/sequential access

2)

a) (a puesto, cargo) accession (frml)

desde su acceso al poder — since coming to o assuming power

b) ( a curso) entrance

pruebas de acceso — entrance examinations

curso de acceso — preparatory course

- acceso directo

3) (Med) attack

acceso de tos — coughing fit

en un acceso de ira/celos — in a fit of rage/jealousy

* * *

= access, admittance, login, entry, approach path.

Ex: Access to the contents of data bases is via some computer-searching technique, often using an online terminal.

Ex: New rules have made it possible to show films publicly with free admittance.

Ex: Internet access for electronic messaging, file transfer, and remote login to computer was originally only available to individuals in education and research institutions.

Ex: The entry, change, and extraction of word and phrases from abstracts is described in detail in Chapter 9.

Ex: Approach paths to site should be wide and non-slippery with liberal use being made of ramps.

* acceso abierto = open access (OA).

* acceso a distancia = remote access.

* acceso a la información por el autor = author approach.

* acceso a la información por el título = title approach.

* acceso a la información por la materia = subject approach to information, subject approach.

* acceso aleatorio = random access.

* acceso a los artículos de las publicaciones periódicas = article-level access.

* acceso a los documentos = document delivery.

* acceso concurrente = concurrent access.

* acceso dedicado = dedicated access.

* acceso de sólo lectura = read-only access.

* acceso directo = direct access.

* acceso en línea = online access.

* acceso identificado = password access.

* acceso libre = self-help, free access.

* acceso mediante contraseña = password access.

* acceso mediante línea telefónica = dial-access.

* acceso mediante llamada telefónica = dial-in access, dial-up access, dial up phone line.

* acceso múltiple = multiple access.

* acceso para todos = access for all.

* acceso por CD-ROM = CD-ROM access.

* acceso por materias = subject access.

* acceso público = public access.

* acceso remoto = remote access.

* acceso restringido = restricted access.

* accesos = demand load.

* acceso selectivo = selective access.

* acceso simultáneo = concurrent access.

* acceso sólo electrónico = e-only access.

* acceso violento = paroxysm.

* base de datos de acceso mediante suscripción = subscription database.

* biblioteca de acceso restringido = closed-stack library.

* biblioteca de libre acceso = open access library.

* camino de acceso = approach path.

* clave de acceso = password.

* Comisión Europea para la Preservación y el Acceso (ECPA) = European Commission on Preservation and Access (ECPA).

* conseguir acceso = gain + access, gain + admittance.

* control de acceso = access control.

* dar acceso = provide + access.

* dar acceso a = give + access to.

* de acceso público = publicly accessible.

* de acceso rápido = fast-access.

* de acceso restringido = closed access.

* de fácil acceso = easily available, over the counter, handy.

* derecho de acceso = access right.

* derecho de acceso a la información = right of access to information.

* estanterías de libre acceso = open shelves.

* facilidad de acceso = reachability.

* falta de acceso = unavailability.

* fichero de acceso aleatorio = random access file.

* fichero de punto de acceso = access-point file.

* filtrar el acceso = filter + access.

* fondo de acceso restringido = reserve collection.

* fondo de recursos electrónicos de acceso restringido = electronic reserve.

* fondos de acceso libre = open stacks.

* fondos de acceso restringido = closed access collection, closed stacks, closed access stacks.

* fondos de libre acceso = open access stacks.

* igualdad de acceso = equity of access.

* libertad de acceso a la lectura = freedom to read.

* licencia de acceso = subscription license.

* licencia de acceso a información electrónica = license [licence, -USA], licensing.

* memoria de acceso aleatorio (RAM) = random access memory (RAM).

* módulo de aceso de un portal = portlet.

* módulo de catálogo de acceso público en línea = online public access catalogue module.

* nombre de acceso = login.

* nombre de acceso al sistema = system logon name.

* obtener acceso = gain + access, gain + admittance.

* ofrecer acceso = provide + access.

* posibilidades de acceso = access capabilities.

* programa de acceso a Internet = browser software.

* programas de acceso = access software.

* puerta de acceso = gateway.

* punto de acceso = access point, entry point, entry term, index entry, retrieval access, search key, access point, service point, point of access, entrance point.

* puntos de acceso = entry vocabulary.

* rampa de acceso = ramp, access ramp.

* servicio de acceso público = public delivery service.

* sistema de acceso mediante tarjeta = card access system.

* tarjeta de acceso = swipecard.

* tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.

* tiempo de acceso = access time, seek time, access speed.

* todo el mundo debe tener acceso a la información = access for all.

* vía de acceso rápido = fast track.

* * *

acceso

masculine

A

1 (a un lugar) access

el acceso al edificio no presenta ningún problema there is no problem gaining access to o getting into the building

rutas de acceso approach roads

los accesos a la ciudad están bloqueados roads into o approaches to the city are blocked

esta puerta es el único acceso al jardín this door is the only way into o the only means of access to the garden

rampa para acceso con silla de ruedas ramp for wheelchair access

2 (a una persona) access

3 (a un documento) access

4 ( Inf) access

Compuestos:

● acceso aleatorio

random access

● acceso secuencial

sequential access

B

1 (a un puesto, cargo) accession ( frml)

desde su acceso al poder since coming to o assuming power

2 (a un curso) entrance

pruebas de acceso entrance examinations

curso de acceso preparatory course

Compuesto:

acceso directo

direct entry

C ( Med) attack

acceso de tos coughing fit

acceso de fiebre attack of fever

en un acceso de ira in a fit of rage

acceso de celos fit of jealousy

* * *

acceso sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( a un lugar) access;

◊ rutas de acceso approach roads

b) (a persona, información) access

c) (Inf) access

2 ( a curso) entrance;
◊ pruebas de acceso entrance examinations;

curso de acceso preparatory course
acceso sustantivo masculino
1 (entrada) access, entry
2 (ruta, camino, vía) approach, access
3 (arrebato de ira, de alegría) fit
Med (ataque de tos, de fiebre) fit
4 Inform acceso aleatorio, random access
acceso múltiple, multiaccess
5 Univ (ingreso) prueba de acceso, entrance examination
' acceso' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrir
- bloquear
- cerrar
- desbloquear
- entrada
- escultórica
- escultórico
- franca
- franco
- restringir
- sellar
- clave
- directo
English:
access
- access road
- approach
- climb
- concrete
- entrance
- fit
- insider
- open
- ram
- random access
- service road
- slip-road
- spasm
- specifically
- ticket barrier
- accession
- admittance
- ease
- entry
- pass
- ramp
- slip

* * *

acceso nm

1. [entrada] entrance (a to);
la policía vigila todos los accesos a la capital the police are watching all the approaches to the capital

2. [paso] access (a to);
un edificio con acceso para sillas de ruedas a building with wheelchair access;

esta escalera da acceso a los pisos superiores this staircase gives access to the upper floors;

tener acceso a algo to have access to sth;

tiene acceso a información confidencial she has access to confidential information;

quieren facilitar el acceso de los jóvenes a la vivienda they want to make it easier for young people to find a place of their own (to live)

3. [a persona] access;

es un profesor de fácil acceso he's a very accessible teacher

4. [ataque] fit;
[de fiebre, gripe] bout;
un acceso de celos/de locura a fit of jealousy/madness

5. Formal acceso carnal [acto sexual] sexual act

6. Informát access;
[a página Web] hit;
acceso a Internet Internet access

Comp
acceso aleatorio random access;
acceso directo direct access;

acceso remoto remote access;

acceso secuencial sequential access

* * *

acceso

m

1 a un lugar access;

de difícil acceso inaccessible, difficult to get to

2 INFOR access;

acceso a Internet Internet access

3 de fiebre attack, bout; de tos fit;

acceso de rabia fit of anger

* * *

acceso nm

1) : access

2) : admittance, entrance

* * *

acceso n

1. (en general) access

sólo el jefe tenía acceso a esa información only the boss had access to that information

2. (carretera) road / approach [pl. approaches]

todos los accesos a la ciudad están colapsados all approaches to the city are blocked

Spanish-English dictionary > acceso

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с испанского на английский

data+level

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