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complex-

  • 21 ἐπιπλέκω

    A wreathe into a chaplet, AP12.256.5 (Mel.);

    νάρκισσον ὑακίνθῳ Nonn.D.10.338

    .
    2. bind, αὐχένα δεσμῷ ib.18.189; bind upon, ταρσῷ γυιοπέδην ib.36.365:—[voice] Pass., Luc.Cont.16.
    II. metaph., interweave, combine,

    αὐτὰ τῷ τῆς παραλείψεως σχήματι Arist.Rh.Al. 1438b5

    ; τὸ

    διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπιπλέξαι Aristid.Rh.2p.544S.

    ; ἐ. ἑαυτοὺς ταῖς προσόδοις concern themselves with, PTeb.6.39 (ii B.C.):—[voice] Pass.,

    τὰς ἐπιβολὰς τὰς Ἀννίβου ταῖς.. πράξεσιν ἐπιπεπλέχθαι Plb.4.28.2

    , cf. Luc.Dem.Enc.8; τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐ. to have dealings with.., Str.14.2.28;

    ξένοις ἐπιπλᾰκέντες ἔθεσιν J.AJ8.7.5

    ; also, to have sexual intercourse with, Posidon.36 J., D.S.36.2a; ἐπιπεπλεγμένος mixed, Gal. Sect.Intr.6; complex,

    πυρετοί Id.7.432

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιπλέκω

  • 22 ἑτερογενής

    A of different kinds,

    τὰ ἑ. Arist.Cat. 1b16

    ; of animals, Id.HA 601a25;

    ἑ. ζῷα Ph.2.370

    ;

    ᾠά Gp.14.7.28

    ; ἐξ ἑτερογενῶν σωμάτων ὑπάρξαι, of Centaurs, D.S.4.8; μόρια, i.e. not paired, Gal.UP16.14.
    2 of different kind or race, Demetr. Lac. 1012.36 F., D.T.635.7;

    [ἑτερότης] ἑ. καὶ ἀλλόφυλος πρὸς αὐτήν Dam.Pr. 308

    ; simply, different,

    πράξεις D.S.1.9

    . Adv. -νῶς, διαφέρειν ἀλλήλων S.E.M.7.361, cf. Nicom.Ar.1.10.
    3 of diverse materials, of a garment, Sm.De.22.11: generally, complex, opp. ὁμογενής, Demetr. Lac.1429.2 F.
    II Gramm., of different gender, A.D.Conj.243.1 (s.v.l.); -γενές, τό, change of gender in a constructio ad sensum, Phoeb.Fig.1.5.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἑτερογενής

  • 23 γύης

    γύης, - ου
    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: A difficult complex of several words. It (probably) consists of: (1) γύαλον, (2) γυῖα, (3) ἐγγύη, which I treated separately (s.vv.) [DELG γύη(ς) 1, 4, 2.]; here I discuss γύη(ς) [DELG 3., 5.] It has the follwong uses a. `the curved piece of wood in a plough (Hes. Op. 427, 436), ἄροτρον αὑτόγυον `plough, whose γύης is of one piece with the ἔλυμα and ἱστοβοεύς, not fitted together πηκτὸν)' (Hes.); b. mostly pl. `lands' (trag.), also a measure in τετρά-γυος etc. (Hom.); sometimes fem., cf. γύη μέτρον πλέθρου H.; also γύος m. (pap.); c. `the system of ἀστράγαλοι' (H., Poll.); d. - γυος with e. ἀμφίγυος
    Compounds: ἀμφί-γυος of lance and javelin (Il.) `with a limb at each end' =? (Trümpy, Krieger. Fachausdrücke 59; of Hephaistos, meaning uncertain; `with two lame feet' ? τετρά-γυος `of four g.' (land-measure)
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [398, 403] * gou- `hand'; * gu(H)- `bend'?
    Etymology: One assumes a basic *γυ(η)- `curv(ing)'. For comparison we have NPers. gōšā `corner' and Av. gu- `hand'; other forms in Pok. 393-8 are hardly relevant.. - Uncleaar is the meaning ἀμφί-γυος ( ἔγχος, δόρυ; Hom.; metrical lengthening ἀμφιγυήεις of Hephaistos `on both sides (legs) crooked' (?). - Here prob. γύαλον, γυῖα; s. also γυρός (s. vv.); hardly to γυλιός. -
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γύης

  • 24 κόλος

    Grammatical information: adj.
    Meaning: of cows and goats `hornless, with not fullgrown horns' (Hdt., TheoC., Nic., H.), of a spear `without point' (Π 117), of battle `broken off' (sch. as name of Θ).
    Compounds: As 1. member in κόλουρος `with short tail' (Plu.), as mathem. and astron. term `stump' (Hipparch. Astr., Hero, Nicom.); with κολουραῖος `broken off, steep' ( πέτρα, Call.), κολούρα `hill etc.' (Hermione, Epid.), κολουρίᾳ τῃ̃ ἀποτομίᾳ, κολουρῖτις γῆ. Σικελοί H., κολούρωσις = κολόβωσις (Iamb.); Lat. LW [loanword] clūra `ape' (W.-Hofmann s. v., Leumann Sprache 1, 206 n. 8). -
    Derivatives: After κόλ-ουρος prob.(?) κόλ-ερος `with short-sheared wool-fleece' (Arist.; oppos. εὔ-, ἔπ-ερος; s. εἶρος); further κολόχειρ χείραργος H. - Derived from κόλος or closely related two verbs: 1. κολάζω, κολάσαι, rarely with συν-, ἀντι-, προ-, `wring in, chastise, punish, cut' (IA); prob. denomin. κόλασις `chastisment' (IA.), - ασμα (Ar., X.), - ασμός (Plu.) `id.'; κολαστής `punisher' (trag., also Pl., Lys.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 36f.), also κολαστήρ `id.' (Arr.), with f. κολάστρια (Ezek.), κολάστειρα (AP); κολαστήριον, adj. - ος `punishment, punishing' (X., Ph.), κολαστικός `punishing' (Pl.). - 2. κολούω, κολοῦσαι, somet. with περι-, κατα-, ἀπο-, `mutilate, limit' (Il.); formation unclear; (cf. Schwyzer 683, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 374; s. also on κωλύω). From it κόλουσις `docking, cutting short' (Arist.), κολούσματα κλάσματα H.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: The archaic and dying κόλος, which was in a way replaced by the expressive form κολοβός, partly also by κόλ-ουρος, belongs as verbal noun to a Balto-Slavic, in Greek replaced by κολάπτω (s. v.) primary verb meaning `beat, hew, cut off, break off', which left in Greek several continuants, s. κλάω, κελεός m. (uncertain, improbable). The remarkable barytonesis (Schwyzer 459) may be connected with the passive meaning; perhaps κόλος was like stump orig. a substantive. A formal parallel is OCS kolъ `πάσσαλος', Russ. kol `pole' (prop. "splitoff, cut off piece of wood"?; cf. σκῶλος `pointed pole' to σκάλλω?); with lengthened grade Lith. kuõlas `pole'. - The further history of κόλος is uncertain because the word is not often attested; so we don't know, whether we must start from a general meaning like `stump' or from a word with a special meaning, like `hornless' (from *`broken off' v. t.); cf. the history of κόλουρος.- The parallels adduced are not very convincing; the verbs κολάπτω, κολούω, of unclear formation, point rather to a Pre-Greek complex.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόλος

  • 25 ὀσφραίνομαι

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to smell, to sniff'; rare a. late caus. ὀσφραίνω, also w. ἀπ-, συν-, παρ- a.o., `to give to smell, to make smell' (Gal., Gp.).
    Other forms: Aor. ὀσφρ-έσθαι (Att.; ὤσφραντο Hdt. 1, 80), fut. ὀσφρ-ήσομαι (Att.), also ὀσφρανθῆναι (Hp., Arist.), - θήσομαι (LXX), younger pres. ὀσφρ-ᾶται (Paus., Luc.), aor. ὠσφρ-ήσαντο, - ήθη (Arat., Ael.).
    Compounds: Rarely w. περι-, ὑπ-, κατ-. Comp. καπν-οσφράν-της m. "smoke smeller" (Com. Adesp., Alciphr.).
    Derivatives: 1. ὄσφρ-ησις f. `olfactory sense, olf. organ' (Pl., Arist.), 2. - ασία f. `smell, the smelling' (LXX, Arr.), 3. - ανσις f. `olfactory sense' (Clearch.). 4. backformation ὄσφραι f. pl. `flavours, smell' (Ach. Tat.) with ὀσφράδιον n. `bunch of flowers' (Eust.). 5. ὀσφρ-αντήριος `smelling, sniffing' (Ar.), 6. - αντικός `smelling, able to smell (Arist.), - ητικός `id.' (Gal., D. L.); 7. - αντός (Arist.). - ητός (S. E., Gal.) `smellable'.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [772] * h₃ed- `smell' + ?
    Etymology: The complex is clearly built after comparable fomations, but the attestations do not allow certains conclusions on their relative chronology. With ὀσφρέσθαι: ὀσφρήσομαι: ὀσφρητός agree the semantically related, much more frequent αἰσθέσθαι: αἰσθήσομαι: αἰσθητός. ὀσφραίνομαι may have followed it after formal examples like ἀλιτέσθαι: ἀλιταίνομαι, βήσομαι: βαίνω, πεφήσεται: φαίνω etc.; further ὀσφρανθῆναι after εὑφρανθῆναι; ὤσφραντο (Hdt.) prob. after ἠνείκαντο a.o. (cf. Wackernagel Verrn. Beitr. 48 = Kl. Schr. 1, 809). So there is no ground to consider the diff. forms as inherited (thus e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 82f.). -- That the initial syllable is connected with ὄζω, ὀδμή, ὀσμή, is since long accepted (s. Curtius 244 w. lit.); since Wackernagel KZ 33, 43 (Kl. Schr. 1, 722) one supposes in it a zero grade σ-stem *ὀδσ- (cf. - ώδης a.o. s. ὄζω). Against W.s further identification of ὀσ-φραίνομιαι with ἀ-, εὑ-φραίνω (to φρήν) speak esp. the non-present forms ὀσ-φρέσθαι, - φρήσασθαι, with which ἀ-, εὑ-φραίνω give nothing comparable. Instead Brugmann (e.g. IF 6, 100ff.) a.o. try to connect Skt. jí-ghr-ati, ghrā-ti `smell', ghrāṇa-m n. `scent, nose' ( = Toch. A krāṃ `id.'; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 154). The details remain meanwhile unclear; Schwyzer 644 n. 5 is inclined, with Brugmann4 302 n. 1 a.o. to start from a noun *ὄσ-φρ-ος `detect a smell'; against this with good arguments Debrunner IF 21, 42. -- Older lit. in Bq.
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  • 26 στέφω

    στέφω, - ομαι
    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).
    Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).
    Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).
    Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.
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  • 27 γεννάω

    γεννάω fut. γεννήσω; 1 aor. ἐγέννησα; pf. γεγέννηκα. Pass.: fut. pl. γεννηθήσεσθε Sir 41:9; 1 aor. ἐγεννήθην; pf. γεγέννημαι (Pind., Hdt.+).—See ARahlfs, Genesis 1926, 39. Gener., to cause someth. to come into existence, primarily through procreation or parturition.
    ① become the parent of, beget
    ⓐ by procreation (oft. LXX, fr. Gen 4:18 on) Mt 1:2–20 (cp. Diod S 4, 67, 2–68, 6, the genealogy of the Aeolians: 67, 4 Ἄρνη ἐγέννησεν Αἰόλον κ. Βοιωτόν; 67, 7 Ἱππάλκιμος ἐγέννησε Πηνέλεων; 68:1 Σαλμωνεὺς ἐγέννησε θυγατέρα … Τυρώ; 68, 3 Ποσειδῶν ἐγέννησε Πελίαν κ. Νηλέα; 68, 6 Νηλεὺς παῖδας ἐγέννησε δώδεκα. Interchanged with ἐγέννησε are ἐτέκνωσε, ἦν υἱός, παῖδες ἐγένοντο, etc.; cp. PMich 155, 7. The continuity is not formalized to the degree in Mt, but in Diod S 4, 69, 1–3 ἐγέννησε is repeated six times in a short space, and 4, 75, 4f ἐγέννησε occurs four times with the names of fathers and sons; Did., Gen. 144, 27); Ac 7:8, 29. ἐκ w. gen. of the mother (Hdt. 1, 108, 2; Diod S 4, 2, 1; 4, 62, 1; Palaeph. 44; PLond V, 1730, 10 οἱ ἐξ αὐτῆς γεννηθέντες υἱοί; Tob 1:9; 2 Esdr 10:44; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 2 Jac.; TestJob 1:6; Jos, Ant. 12, 189) Mt 1:3, 5f.—Pass. be fathered (Orig., C. Cels. 8, 66, 23) ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα w. the slave-woman, according to the flesh (i.e. in line with human devising; opp. διʼ ἐπαγγελίας) Gal 4:23. ὁ κατὰ σάρκα γεννηθείς he that was fathered by human design, opp. ὁ κατὰ πνεῦμα he that was fathered by the Spirit’s design, i.e. in keeping with the divine promise, vs. 23) vs. 29. τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματός ἐστιν that which is conceived in her is of the Spirit Mt 1:20 (τὸ γεννηθέν of that which is yet unborn: Diod S 17, 77, 3). Here the male principle is introduced by ἐκ (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 20, 14 ἐκ κύκνου γεγεννημένη; Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 4 Jac.; Ps-Callisth. 1, 30, 3 ἐξ Ἄμμωνος ἐγεννήθη; TestSim 2:2) as J 1:13 (ἐγενήθ. P75et al.); but in 3:6 the imagery is complex, involving a maternal aspect in vs. 4. W. ἀπό (En 15:8 οἱ γίγαντες οἱ γεννηθέντες ἀπὸ τ. πνευμάτων κ. σαρκός) ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγεννήθησαν they were fathered by one man Hb 11:12 (numerous edd. ἐγενήθησαν). ἐκ πορνείας οὐ γεγεννήμεθα (v.l. ἐγεννήθημεν) J 8:41 (cp. StudPal XX, 4, 30 ἐξ ἀγράφων γάμων γεγεννῆσθαι). ἐν ἁμαρτίαις σὺ ἐγεννήθης ὅλος you’re a born sinner, totally! 9:34.—Lk 1:35 (where mng. 2 is also prob. [as in τὸ γεννώμενον Philo, Plant. 15]. S. AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 6, 1928, 33–36; HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT ’46, 60f).
    ⓑ by exercising the role of a parental figure, ext. of 1a (Philo, Leg. ad Gai. 58 μᾶλλον αὐτὸν τῶν γονέων γεγέννηκα), of a teacher on pupils ἐν Χ. Ἰ. διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα I became your father as Christians through the gospel 1 Cor 4:15; Phlm 10 (s. Ltzm. and JWeiss on 1 Cor 4:15; ADieterich, Mithraslit. 1903, 146ff).—Pass. ἐκ (τοῦ) θεοῦ γεννᾶσθαι J 1:13 (on the rdg. of the Lat. ms. b, s. JPryor, NovT 27, ’85, 296–318); 1J 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18. On γεννᾶσθαι ἐξ ὕδατος κ. πνεύματος J 3:5 cp. 1QS 4:20–22 and s. YYadin, JBL 74, ’55, 40–43. Also ἄνωθεν γ. J 3:3, 7. πᾶς ὁ ἀγαπῶν τὸν γεννήσαντα ἀγαπᾷ τὸν γεγεννημένον ἐξ αὐτοῦ everyone who loves the father (=God) loves the child (=Christ or one’s fellow Christian) 1J 5:1 (on γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ θεοῦ s. Hdb. on J 3:3 and 1J 3:9 and the sources and lit. listed there; s. also παλιγγενεσία). Cp. σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε (Ps 2:7) 1 Cl 36:4; GEb 18, 37; Ac 13:33 (held by some to have been the orig. rdg. Lk 3:22 v.l.; s. JHillmann, Die Kindheitsgesch. Jesu nach Lucas: Jahrbücher f. Protestantische Theologie 17/2, 1891, 192–261; HUsener, D. Weihnachtsfest2 1911, 38ff); Hb 1:5; 5:5.
    ② to give birth to, bear (Aeschyl., Suppl. 48; X., De Rep. Lac. 1, 3; Lucian, Sacrif. 6; Plut., Mor., 3c; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 9, 2 ἐκ θεοῦ γεννήσασα παῖδα=a woman who has borne a child to a god; BGU 132 II, 5; Judg 11:1 B; Is 66:9; 4 Macc 10:2) Lk 1:13, 57; 23:29; J 16:21 w. τίκτειν; AcPl Ha 8, 28 εἰς δουλείαν γεννῶσα who bears children for slavery Gal 4:24. Pass. be born (ἐκ παρθένου Did., Gen. 96, 13) ἐγεννήθη Μωϋσῆς Ac 7:20; cp. Hb 11:23. γεγεννημένος ἐν Ταρσῷ Ac 22:3; μήπω … γεννηθέντων Ro 9:11; πρὶν ἡμᾶς γεννηθῆναι before we were born 1 Cl 38:3. εἰς τὸν κόσμον come into the world J 16:21; Mt 2:1, 4; 19:12; 26:24 (=1 Cl 46:8); Mk 14:21 (cp. En 38:2); Lk 1:35 (1a is also prob.; a v.l. adds ἐκ σοῦ, which can be rendered ‘the child to whom you give birth’). ἐκ Μαρίας ἐγεννήθη AcPlCor 1:14; 2:5 (cp. Mt 1:16); J 3:4; 9:2, 19f, 32; IEph 18:2; ITr 11:2; ἀληθῶς γ. be in fact born (in opp. to Docetism) 9:1. γεγεννημένα (v.l. γεγενημένα) εἰς ἅλωσιν 2 Pt 2:12. εἰς τοῦτο for this purpose J 18:37. διάλεκτος ἐν ᾑ ἐγεννήθημεν the language in which we were born i.e., which we have spoken fr. infancy Ac 2:8. ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ γεγέννημαι but I was actually born a Roman citizen 22:28. οὗτος ἐγεννήθη βασιλεύς born a king GJs 20:4 codd. γεννῶνται και γεννῶσιν Lk 20:34 v.l.
    ③ to cause someth. to happen, bring forth, produce, cause, fig. of various kinds of production (Pla. et al.; Polyb. 1, 67, 2 στάσις ἐγεννᾶτο; Philo, De Jos. 254; Jos., Ant. 6, 144) 2 Ti 2:23.—γ. καρπόν produce fruit (Philo, Op. M. 113) ITr 11:1. Forged writing γεγεννημένον for γεγενημένον GJs 24:3.—B. 280. DELG s.v. γίγνομαι p. 222. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > γεννάω

  • 28 θάνατος

    θάνατος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)
    ① the termination of physical life, death
    ⓐ natural death J 11:4, 13; Hb 7:23; 9:15f; Rv 18:8 (s. also 1d); 1 Cl 9:3. Opp. ζωή (Mel., P. 49, 355; cp. 2a.) Ro 7:10; 8:38; 1 Cor 3:22; 2 Cor 1:9 (s. also 1bα); Phil 1:20. γεύεσθαι θανάτου taste death = die (γεύομαι 2) Mt 16:28; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 8:52; Hb 2:9b. Also ἰδεῖν θάνατον (Astrampsychus p. 26 Dec. 48, 2. Also θεάομαι θ. p. 6 ln. 53) Lk 2:26; Hb 11:5; ζητεῖν τὸν θ. Rv 9:6 (where follows φεύγει ὁ θ. ἀπʼ αὐτῶν). θανάτου καταφρονεῖν despise death ISm 3:2; Dg 10:7a (Just., A II, 10, 8 al.; Tat. 11, 1 al.). περίλυπος ἕως θανάτου sorrowful even to the point of death (Jon 4:9 σφόδρα λελύπημαι ἕως θανάτου; Sir 37:2) Mt 26:38; Mk 14:34; ἄχρι θ. to the point of death of a devotion that does not shrink even fr. the sacrifice of one’s life Rv 2:10; 12:11 (TestJob 5:1; cp. Just., D. 30, 2 μέχρι θ. al.); διώκειν ἄχρι θανάτου persecute even to death Ac 22:4. Also διώκειν ἐν θανάτῳ B 5:11. διώκειν εἰς θ. AcPl Ha 11, 20 (opp. εἰς ζωήν). εἰς θ. πορεύεσθαι go to one’s death Lk 22:33. [ἀναβῆναι] εἰς τὸν τοῦ θανάτου [τόπον] AcPl Ha 6, 30. ἀσθενεῖν παραπλήσιον θανάτῳ be nearly dead with illness Phil 2:27; ἐσφαγμένος εἰς θ. receive a fatal wound Rv 13:3a. ἡ πληγὴ τοῦ θανάτου a fatal wound 13:3b, 12. φόβος θανάτου Hb 2:15.
    ⓑ of death as a penalty (Thu. et al.; Diod S 14, 66, 3: the tyrant is μυρίων θανάτων τυχεῖν δίκαιος=‘worthy of suffering countless deaths’; Just., A I, 45, 5 θανάτου ὁρισθέντος κατὰ … τῶν ὁμολογούντων τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Χριστοῦ al.).
    α. as inflicted by secular courts ἔνοχος θανάτου ἐστίν he deserves death (ἔνοχος 2bα) Mt 26:66; Mk 14:64; παραδιδόναι εἰς θ. betray, give over to death Mt 10:21; Mk 13:12 (ApcEsdr 3:12 p. 27, 23 Tdf.). θανάτῳ τελευτᾶν die the death = be punished w. death Mt 15:4; Mk 7:10 (both Ex 21:17). ἄξιον θανάτου, deserving death (the entire clause οὐδὲν … αὐτῷ=he is not guilty of any capital crime; cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 144) Lk 23:15 (s. αἴτιος 2); Ac 23:29; 25:11, 25. αἴτιον θανάτου Lk 23:22 (s. αἴτιος 2). Also αἰτία θανάτου (Lucian, Tyrannic. 11) Ac 13:28; 28:18; κρίμα θ. sentence of death: παραδιδόναι εἰς κρίμα θ. sentence to death Lk 24:20; fig. ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὸ ἀπόκριμα τοῦ θ. ἐσχήκαμεν 2 Cor 1:9. κατακρίνειν τινὰ θανάτῳ (εἰς θάνατον v.l.) condemn someone to death Mt 20:18.—Several of the pass. just quoted refer to the death sentence passed against Christ; sim., θάνατος is freq. used
    β. of the death of Christ gener. (Just., D. 52, 4 al.; ἀνθρώπου θ. ἀποθανεῖν Orig., C. Cels. 1, 61, 40): Ro 5:10; 6:3–5; 1 Cor 11:26; Phil 2:8a; 3:10; Col 1:22; Hb 2:14a; IEph 7:2; 19:1; IMg 9:1; ITr 2:1. τὸ πάθημα τ. θανάτου the suffering of death Hb 2:9. ἕως θανάτου καταντῆσαι even to meet death Pol 1:2.—GWiencke, Pls über Jesu Tod ’39.—The expr. ὠδῖνες τοῦ θανάτου, used Ac 2:24 in a passage referring to Christ, comes fr. the LXX, where in Ps 17:5 and 114:3 it renders חֶבְלֵי־מָוֶת (cp. 1QH 3, 7–12). This would lit. be ‘bonds of death’. But an interchange of חֶבֶל ‘bond’ and חֵבֶל ‘pain’, specif. ‘birth-pangs’, has made of it pangs of death (cp. a sim. interchange in 2 Km 22:6 al. LXX, and the expr. in Pol 1:2 λύσας τ. ὠδῖνας τοῦ ᾅδου after Ac 2:24 v.l.). This results in a remarkably complex metaphor (s. BGildersleeve, Pindar 1885, 355 on ‘telescoped’ metaphor) Ac 2:24, where death is regarded as being in labor, and unable to hold back its child, the Messiah (s. Beginn. IV ad loc.; Field, Notes 112).
    γ. of natural death as divine punishment (Did., Gen. 148, 25; 171, 9) Ro 5:12ab; 21; 1 Cor 15:21; B 12:2, 5.
    ⓒ of the danger of death (2 Ch 32:11) σῴζειν τινὰ ἐκ θανάτου save someone fr. death (PsSol 13:2 [ἀπὸ … θ.]; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 120 D.; Just., D. 98, 1 σωθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ θ.) Hb 5:7. Also ῥύεσθαι ἐκ θ. 2 Cor 1:10 (Just., D. 111, 3). θάνατοι danger(s)/perils of death (Epict. 4, 6, 2; Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 9, 5; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 307 D.: ὥσπερ Ὀδυσσεὺς θ.; Maximus Tyr. 15, 8a; Philo, In Flacc. 175 προαποθνῄσκω πολλοὺς θανάτους) 11:23. μέχρι θανάτου ἐγγίζειν come close to dying Phil 2:30. 2 Cor 4:11, cp. vs. 12, is reminiscent of the constant danger of death which faced the apostle as he followed his calling.
    ⓓ of the manner of death (Artem. 1, 31 p. 33, 10; 4, 83 p. 251, 16 μυρίοι θ.=‘countless kinds of death’; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 25 [Stone p. 52] ἑβδομήκοντα δύο εἰσὶν θ.; ParJer 9:22; Ps.-Hecataeus: 264 Fgm. 21, 191 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 191]) ποίῳ θ. by what kind of death J 12:33; 18:32; 21:19. θ. σταυροῦ Phil 2:8b.
    ⓔ death as personified Ro 5:14, 17; 6:9; 1 Cor 15:26 (cp. Plut., Mor. 370c τέλος ἀπολεῖσθαι [for ἀπολείπεσθαι] τὸν Ἅιδην); vss. 54–56 (s. on κέντρον 1); Rv 1:18; 6:8a; 20:13f; 21:4; B 5:6; 16:9 (this concept among Jews [Hos 13:14; Sir 14:12; 4 Esdr 8, 53; SyrBar 21, 23; TestAbr A 16ff; Bousset, Rel.3 253, 2] and Greeks [ERohde, Psyche1903, II 241; 249; CRobert, Thanatos 1879].—JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 114ff; JUbbink, Paulus en de dood: NThSt 1, 1918, 3–10 and s. on ἁμαρτία 3a).
    ② death viewed transcendently in contrast to a living relationship with God, death extension of mng. 1 (Philo)
    ⓐ of spiritual death, to which one is subject unless one lives out of the power of God’s grace. θάνατον οὐ μὴ θεωρήσῃ J 8:51. Opp. ζωή 5:24; 1J 3:14; Ro 7:10; 8:6. This death stands in the closest relation to sin: Ro 7:13b; Js 1:15; 5:20; 2 Cl 1:6; Hv 2, 3, 1; also to the flesh: Paul thinks of the earthly body as σῶμα τ. θανάτου Ro 7:24. In contrast to the gospel the law of Moses engraved on stone διακονία τοῦ θανάτου service that leads to death 2 Cor 3:7 (cp. Tat. 14, 1 θανάτου … ἐπιτηδεύματα). The νόμος, which is τὸ ἀγαθόν, proves to be θάνατος death = deadly or cause of death Ro 7:13a. The unredeemed are ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου Mt 4:16; cp. Lk 1:79 (both Is 9:2). ἐν σκοτίᾳ θανάτου AcPl Ha 8, 32 (=BMM verso 4). This mng. of θάνατος cannot always be clearly distinguished fr. the foll., since spiritual death merges into
    ⓑ eternal death. θαν. αἰώνιος B 20:1. This kind of death is meant Ro 1:32; 6:16, 21, 23; 7:5; 2 Cor 7:10; 2 Ti 1:10; Hb 2:14b; B 10:5; 2 Cl 16:4; Dg 10:7b; Hv 1, 1, 8; m 4, 1, 2. ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον 1J 5:16f (Polyaenus 8, 32 bravery πρὸς θ.=‘to the point of death’; s. ἁμαρτάνω e and TestIss 7:1 ἁμαρτία εἰς θάνατον). ὀσμὴ ἐκ θανάτου εἰς θάνατον a fragrance that comes from death and leads to death 2 Cor 2:16. In Rv this (final) death is called the second death (ὁ δεύτερος θ. also Plut., Mor. 942f) 2:11; 20:6, 14b; 21:8 (s. TZahn, comm. 604–8).—GQuell, Die Auffassung des Todes in Israel 1926; JLeipoldt, D. Tod bei Griechen u. Juden ’42; TBarrosse, Death and Sin in Ro: CBQ 15, ’53, 438–59; ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht ’55 (lit.); SBrandon, The Personification of Death in Some Ancient Religions, BJRL 43, ’61, 317–35.
    ③ a particular manner of death, fatal illness, pestilence and the like, as established by context (Job 27:15; Jer 15:2: θάνατος … μάχαιρα … λιμός) Rv 2:23. ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ κ. ἐν λιμῷ κ. ἐν θανάτῳ 6:8b; 18:8 (cp. PsSol 13:2; 15:7; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 37, 10).—JToynbee, Death and Burial in the Roman World ’71; SHumphreys, The Family, Women, and Death ’83.—B. 287. DELG. BHHW III 1999–2001. 1609–13. M-M. TW. Sv.

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  • 29 θυμός

    θυμός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom. +).
    ① intense expression of the inner self, freq. expressed as strong desire, passion, passionate longing (Hom. et al.; Pla., Cratyl. 419e θυμὸς ἀπὸ τῆς θύσεως κ. ζέσεως τ. ψυχῆς) ἐκ τ. οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πεπότικεν τ. ἔθνη she has caused the nations to drink the wine of her passionate immorality Rv 14:8; cp. 18:3. τὸ ποτήριον τ. οἴνου τ. θυμοῦ τ. ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ the wine-cup of God’s passionate wrath 16:19; cp. 19:15. But in all these cases mng. 2 may be the correct one; for the other pass. in Rv where θ. occurs, mng. 2 is prob. the only one possible.
    ② a state of intense displeasure, anger, wrath, rage, indignation Rv 12:12 (θυμὸν ἔχειν as Theognis 748 Bergk). ὁ οἶνος τ. θυμοῦ τ. θεοῦ the wine of God’s wrath or indignation (s. ἄκρατος) 14:10; cp. vs. 19; 15:1, 7; 16:1 (the figure of the outpouring of wrath freq. in OT). If this mng. holds true for all the Rv pass., the combination of genitives of θυμός and ὀργή in 16:19; 19:15 is to be taken as a strengthening of the thought (cp. Ex 32:12; Jer 32:37; 37:24; La 2:3; CD 10, 9; En 5:9; PsSol 2:23; Ath. 21, 1), and in 14:8; 18:3 we have a complex metaphor (cp. Pind., P. 10, 51–54 and BGildersleeve’s comment on ‘telescoped’ metaphor [Pindar: The Olympian and Pythian Odes 1885, 355]): the wine of harlotry, w. which Babylon intoxicates the nations, becomes the wine of God’s wrath for them.—In the other occurrences of θ. in our lit., the same mng. is indicated: of God (w. ὀργή; both words are oft. used together thus in the LXX) Ro 2:8; 1 Cl 50:4. Of humans Hb 11:27; (w. ὀργή, as Aelian, VH 15, 54; Ael. Aristid. 35, 10 K.=9 p. 101 D.; Herodian 8, 4, 1; Sir 45:18; Jos., Bell. 2, 135, Ant. 20, 108) Col 3:8; (w. πικρία and ὀργή) Eph 4:31; cp. Hm 5, 2, 4 and Js 3:11 P74. ἐξερίσαι εἰς τοσοῦτο θυμοῦ reach such a pitch of fury 1 Cl 45:7; ἀκατάσχετος θ. MPol 12:2. πλησθῆναι θυμοῦ be filled w. anger Lk 4:28; cp. Ac 19:28.—Pl. θυμοί (Herm. Wr. 12, 4; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 64; Jos., Bell. 4, 314) outbursts of anger 2 Cor 12:20; Gal 5:20; 1 Cl 46:5.—JIrmscher, Götterzorn bei Homer ’50. SSullivan, Glotta 59, ’81, 147–55 (Hesiod and Gk. lyric poets). B. 1087; 1134. DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > θυμός

  • 30 θυσία

    θυσία, ας, ἡ (s. θύω and next entry; Pind., Hdt.+).
    ① act of offering, offering fig. ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τ. πίστεως ὑμῶν as you offer your faith Phil 2:17 (though mng. 2b is not impossible for the complex set of imagery in this pass.; s. below).
    ② that which is offered as a sacrifice, sacrifice, offering
    ⓐ lit.
    α. (stated gener. Dg 3:5; Just., D. 43, 1 al.; Ath. 26, 3) Mt 9:13; 12:7 (both Hos 6:6); Mk 9:49 v.l., s. ἁλίζω; Hb 10:5 (Ps 39:7), 26. Pl. Mk 12:33; Lk 13:1 (cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 30 παρὰ ταῖς ἰδίαις θυσίαις ἀπεσφάχθαι); Hb 10:1, 8; 1 Cl 4:2 (Gen 4:5; cp. Diod S 12, 20, 2 τῶν θεῶν οὐ χαιρόντων ταῖς τῶν πονηρῶν θυσίαις); B 2:4, 5 (Is 1:11), 7 (Jer 7:22). The various kinds are specified 1 Cl 41:2. ἀνάγειν θυσίαν bring an offering Ac 7:41 (ἀνάγω 3). Also ἀναφέρειν θ. Hb 7:27 (ἀναφέρω 3); δοῦναι θ. Lk 2:24. προσφέρειν (Ex 32:6; Lev 2:1, 8 and oft.; Just., D. 41, 3 al.) Ac 7:42 (Am 5:25); Hb 5:1; 8:3; 10:11; 11:4; 1 Cl 10:7. Pass. Hb 9:9. φέρειν θ. (2 Ch 29:31, Jer 17:26; Just. A I, 24, 2 al.) 1 Cl 4:1 (Gen 4:3). προσάγεσθαι θ. (cp. 1 Esdr 1:16) be led as a sacrifice 1 Cl 31:3.
    β. of a sacrificial meal (Polycrates: 588 Fgm. 1 Jac. equated w. θοίνη [‘feast’]; Ps.-Callisth. 3, 29, 9 τὴν θυσίαν ἐποιησάμεθα τῶν Σωτηρίων=the meal to celebrate deliverance) ἐσθίειν τὰς θ. eat the sacrifices (Ps 105:28; Num 25:2) 1 Cor 10:18. The Eucharist is spoken of as a sacrifice or offering and sacrificial meal D 14:1ff (s. Knopf, Hdb. exc. on D 9 and 10, p. 24f).
    γ. of the sacrificial death of Christ which, in contrast to the earthly sacrifices, is to be classed among the κρείττονες θυσίαι Hb 9:23; 10:12. διὰ τῆς θυσίας αὐτοῦ 9:26. παρέδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν θυσίαν τ. θεῷ Eph 5:2 (Diod S 4, 82, 2 τὴν θυσίαν ὑπὲρ ἁπάντων τ. Ἑλλήνων).—B 7:3.—Of aspiration to martyrdom ἵνα διὰ τῶν ὀργάνων τούτων θεοῦ θυσία εὑρεθῶ IRo 4:2. προσδεχθείην … σήμερον ἐν θυσίᾳ πίονι καὶ προσδεκτῇ MPol 14:2.
    ⓑ fig. (Sextus 47: the doing of good as the only θυσία pleasing to God; sim. Persius 2, 73–75, a pure heart is the appropriate sacrifice in temples: compositum ius fasque animo … haec cedo ut admoveam templis) a broken spirit designated as θ. 1 Cl 18:16f; 52:4; B 2:10 (all three Ps 50:19). θ. αἰνέσεως praise-offering (s. on αἴνεσις) is used fig. in our lit. of spiritual sacrifice 1 Cl 35:12 (Ps 49:23); 52:3 (Ps 49:14). It is explained Hb 13:15 as καρπὸς χειλέων ὁμολογούντων τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ (=τ. θεοῦ).—εἰ σπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν even if I must pour out my blood over the sacrifice of your faith (i.e., consisting in your faith) Phil 2:17 (cp. Arrian, Anab. 6, 19, 5 σπείσας ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τὴν φιάλην; but s. 1 above). θ. δεκτή an acceptable sacr. (s. δεκτός 2) Phil 4:18; Hs 5, 3, 8; cp. Hb 13:16 and 2aγ end. πνευματικαὶ θ. spiritual sacrifices 1 Pt 2:5 (cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 18; 19; 21 λογικαὶ θυσίαι; s. on this Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 38; 328f.—SibOr 8, 408 ζῶσα θυσία). παρακαλῶ ὑμᾶς παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν I appeal to you to present your bodies as a living sacrifice Ro 12:1 (παριστάναι θυσίαν is a t.t. of sacrificial procedure: OGI 332, 17 and 42; 456, 20f; 764, 23 and 33 al., SIG2 554, 6; SIG3 694, 50.—PSeidensticker, Lebendiges Opfer Röm 12:1, diss. Münster, ’54).—OSchmitz, Die Opferanschauung d. spät. Judentums u. die Opferaussagen d. NTs 1910; HWenschkewitz, D. Spiritualisierung der Kultusbegriffe Tempel, Priester u. Opfer im NT ’32; WvLoewenich, Z. Verständnis d. Opfergedankens im Hb: ThBl 12, ’32, 167–72; JBrinktrine, D. Messopferbegr. in den ersten 2 Jahrh. 1918; RYerkes, ATR 29, ’47, 28–33; RdeVaux, Les Sacrifices de l’Ancien Testament ’64. BHHW II 1345–52; Pauly-W. XVIII 579–627; JCasabona, Recherches sur le vocabulaire des Sacrifices en Grec ’66.—B. 1467. DELG s.v. 2 θύω B6. TRE XXV esp. 253–78. M-M. Sv. S. also εὐχαριστία 3.

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  • 31 νομή

    νομή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 17:40; TestSol 5:5; ApcEsdr 2:11 p. 26, 5 Tdf.; ApcEl [PSI I, 7 verso, 3] ‘flock’; ApcrEzk P1, verso 4; EpArist 112; Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 18; 17, 249) gener. ‘pasturing-place’ or ‘grazing land’ (Soph., Hdt., X., Plut., pap), and freq. in ref. to the fodder or foraging-opportunity (Pla., Aristot.; 1 Ch 4:40) that such land provides.—In our lit. the word is used only in imagery
    ① pasturage of one who follows Jesus. ν. εὑρίσκειν find pasture (lit. of hungry flocks 1 Ch 4:40; fig. of leaders who are like rams who find no forage La 1:6) J 10:9. Of the spiritual sustenance provided by God as Shepherd of the people (i.e. the Christians); the latter are called πρόβατα τῆς νομῆς σου sheep of your pasture (Ps 73:1; 78:13; cp. 99:3) 1 Cl 59:4; likew. 16:5 in a quot. fr. an unknown document (perh. En 89:56, 66f), called γραφή.
    ② someth. rapaciously destructive, spreading (after the spreading out of a flock at pasturage; e.g. fire: Polyb. 1, 48, 5; τὸ πῦρ λαμβανει νομήν 11, 4 [5], 4; Philo, Aet. M. 127 [conjecture of Usener]) in medical simile spreading, as of an ulcer (since Hippocr.; Polyb. 1, 81, 6 νομὴν ποιεῖται ἕλκος; Memnon Hist. [I B.C./I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 2, 4 Jac. [ulcer]; cp. Jos., Bell. 6, 164 parts of the temple complex are compared to diseased body parts) ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει their teaching will spread like a cancer 2 Ti 2:17.—DELG s.v. νέμω Ia. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > νομή

  • 32 πλάσμα

    πλάσμα, ατος, τό (πλάσσω; Aristoph., Pla.+; PGM 4, 212; 304; 5, 378; LXX; En 104:10; TestSol 18:20; TestNapht 2:5; ApcSed; ApcMos 37; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 254; 2, 122; Just., D. 40, 1) that which is formed or molded, image, figure μὴ ἐρεῖ τὸ πλάσμα τῷ πλάσαντι; can what is molded say to its molder? Ro 9:20 (Is 29:16; Ro 9:21 proceeds to mention κεραμεὺς τοῦ πηλοῦ; cp. Aristoph., Av. 686 πλάσματα πηλοῦ). ὁ παντοκράτωρ … μὴ βουλόμενος ἀκυρῶσαι τὸ ἴδιον πλάσμα the Almighty … not wishing to spoil (invalidate) his own handiwork AcPlCor 2:12. The account of the creation (Gen 1:26) is interpreted w. ref. to regeneration, and the Christians speak of themselves as τὸ καλὸν πλ. ἡμῶν our beautiful creation B 6:12. The words φθορεῖς πλάσματος θεοῦ 20:2 need not be understood fr. this as a background; as the parallel D 5:2 shows, it comes fr. a different complex of ideas. Beside φονεῖς τέκνων it could mean those who destroy what God has formed in the womb, by abortion (but s. φθορεύς).—M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πλάσμα

  • 33 τέκνον

    τέκνον, ου, τό (τίκτω ‘engender, bear’; Hom.+ ‘child’)
    ① an offspring of human parents, child
    ⓐ without ref. to sex Mt 10:21a (on the complete dissolution of family ties s. Lucian, Cal. 1; GrBar 4:17; ApcEsdr 3:14 p. 27, 23 Tdf.; Just., A I, 27, 3f; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 43, 25 [Job’s children]); Mk 13:12a; Lk 1:7; Ac 7:5; Rv 12:4. Pl. Mt 7:11; 10:21b; 18:25; 19:29; 22:24 (=σπέρμα, cp. Dt 25:5f, but σπ. and τ. are contrasted Ro 9:7); Mk 13:12b; Lk 1:17; 14:26; 1 Cor 7:14 (on the baptism of children s. HWood, EncRelEth II 392ff; JLeipoldt, D. urchr. Taufe 1928, 73–78; AOepke, LIhmels Festschr. 1928, 84–100, ZNW 29, 1930, 81–111 [against him HWindisch, ZNW 28, 1929, 118–42]; JJeremias, Hat d. Urkirche d. Kindertaufe geübt? ’38; 2d ed. ’49; Die Kindert. in d. ersten 4 Jhdtn. ’58; revisited D. Anfänge d. Kindert. ’62; s. also ZNW 40, ’42, 243–45. KAl-and, D. Saülingst. im NT u. in d. alten Kirche ’62, 2d ed. ’63; Die Stellung d. Kinder in d. frühe christl. Gemeinden, und ihre Taufe ’67. KBarth, Z. kirchl. Lehre v. d. Taufe2 ’43; D. Taufe als Begründung d. christlichen Lebens in Kirchliche Dogmatik IV, 4, ’67; for discussion of Barth’s views, s. EJüngel, K. Barths Lehre v. d. Taufe ’68; KViering (ed.), Zu K. Barth’s Lehre v. d. Taufe ’71; K. Aland, Taufe u. Kindertaufe ’71; HHubert, D. Streit um d. Kindertaufe, ’72. FFr̓vig, TTK 11, ’40, 124–31; EMolland, NorTT 43, ’42, 1–23; F-JLeenhardt, Le Baptème chrétien ’46; OCullmann, D. Tauflehre d. NT ’48; P-HMenoud, Verbum Caro 2, ’48, 15–26; HSchlier, TLZ 72, ’47, 321–26; GFleming, Baptism in the NT ’49; GBeasley-Murray, Baptism in the New Testament ’62; WKümmel, TRu 18, ’50, 32–47; GDelling, D. Taufe im NT ’63; EDinkler, Die Taufaussagen d. NT ’71 [in: KViering, s. above, 60–153]; JDidier, Le baptême des enfants ’59; HKraft, Texte z. Gesch. d. Taufe bes. d. Kindert. i. d. alten Kirche, Kl. T. no. 174, 2d ed. ’69); 2 Cor 12:14ab (simile); 1 Th 2:7 (simile), 11 (simile); 1 Ti 3:4, 12; 5:4 al. In the table of household duties (s. MDibelius Hdb. exc. after Col 4:1; KWeidinger, Die Haustafeln 1928) Eph 6:1 (τὰ τέκνα voc.), 4; Col 3:20 (τὰ τ. voc.), 21. In the case of φονεῖς τέκνων B 20:2; D 5:2, what follows shows that murders of their own children are meant.—The unborn fetus is also called τέκνον B 19:5; D 2:2 (like παιδίον: Hippocr., π. σαρκ. 6 vol. VIII 592 L. On Jesus’ attitude toward children, cp. JKalogerakos, Aristoteles’ Bild von der Frau: ΠΛΑΤΩΝ 46, ’94, 159–83, esp. p. 174 and notes [cp. Aristot., EN 1161b].).
    ⓑ The sex of the child can be made clear by the context, son (Herodian 7, 10, 7; PGen 74, 1ff; PAmh 136, 1f; POxy 930, 18; Jos., Ant. 14, 196; Just., D. 56, 5; 134, 4) Mt 21:28a; Phil 2:22 (simile); Rv 12:5; GJs 22;3. The voc. τέκνον as an affectionate address to a son Mt 21:28b; Lk 2:48; 15:31. In a more general sense the pl. is used for
    ② descendants from a common ancestor, descendants, posterity Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15).—27:25; Ac 2:39; 13:33. A rich man is addressed by his ancestor Abraham as τέκνον Lk 16:25. τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός the physical descendants Ro 9:8a.
    ③ one who is dear to another but without genetic relationship and without distinction in age, child
    ⓐ in the voc. gener. as a form of familiar address my child, my son (Herodian 1, 6, 4; ParJer 5:30; Achilles Tat. 8, 4, 3. Directed to fully grown persons, Vi. Aesopi G 60 P., where a peasant addresses Aesop in this way) Mt 9:2; Mk 2:5.
    ⓑ of a spiritual child in relation to master, apostle, or teacher (PGM 4, 475.—Eunap. p. 70 the sophist applies this term to his students) 2 Ti 1:2; Phlm 10. τέκνον ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 4:17. τέκ. ἐν πίστει 1 Ti 1:2. τέκ. κατὰ κοινὴν πίστιν Tit 1:4. Pl. 1 Cor 4:14; 2 Cor 6:13; 3J 4. In direct address (voc.): sing. (on dir. address in the sing. cp. Sir 2:1 and oft.; Herm. Wr. 13, 2ab; PGM 13, 226; 233; 742; 755.—S. also Norden, Agn. Th. 290f; Boll 138f): 1 Ti 1:18; 2 Ti 2:1; D 3:1, 3–6; 4:1. Pl.: Mk 10:24; B 15:4.—1 Cl 22:1 understands the τέκνα of Ps 33:12 as a word of Christ to Christians. Cp. B 9:3. The address in Gal 4:19 is intended metaphorically for children for whom Paul is once more undergoing the pains of childbirth.—The adherents of false teachers are also called their τέκνα Rv 2:23.
    ⓒ of the members of a congregation 2J 1; 4; 13. In Hermas the venerable lady, who embodies the Christian communities, addresses the believers as τέκνα Hv 3, 9, 1. In Gal 4:31 οὐκ ἐσμὲν παιδίσκης τέκνα ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐλευθέρας posts a dramatic image = ‘we belong not to a community dependent on the rules of Sinai, but to one that adheres to the promises made to Abraham’.
    ④ one who has the characteristics of another being, child
    ⓐ of those who exhibit virtues of ancient worthies: children of Abraham Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8; J 8:39; Ro 9:7. True Christian women are children of Sarah 1 Pt 3:6.
    ⓑ of those who exhibit characteristics of transcendent entities: the believers are (τὰ) τέκνα (τοῦ) θεοῦ (cp. Is 63:8; Wsd 16:21; SibOr 5, 202; Just., D. 123, 9; 124, 1. On the subj. matter s. HHoltzmann, Ntl. Theologie I2 1911, 54; Bousset, Rel.3 377f; ADieterich, Mithrasliturgie 1903, 141ff; Hdb. on J 1:12; WGrundmann, Die Gotteskindschaft in d. Gesch. Jesu u. ihre relgesch. Voraussetzungen ’38; WTwisselmann, D. Gotteskindsch. der Christen nach dem NT ’39; SLegasse, Jésus et L’enfant [synopt.], ’69), in Paul as those adopted by God Ro 8:16f, 21; 9:7, 8b (opp. σπέρμα); Phil 2:15, s. also Eph 5:1; in John as those begotten by God J 1:12; 11:52; 1J 3:1f, 10a; 5:2. Corresp. τὰ τέκνα τοῦ διαβόλου 1J 3:10b (on this subj. s. Hdb. on J 8:44).—Cp. Ac 17:28, where the idea of kinship w. deity is complex because of semantic components not shared by polytheists and those within Israelite tradition.—Cp. 6 below.
    ⑤ inhabitants of a city, children, an Hebraistic expression (Rdm.2 p. 28; Mlt-H. 441; s. Jo 2:23; Zech 9:13; Bar 4:19, 21, 25 al.; 1 Macc 1:38; PsSol 11:2) Mt 23:37; Lk 13:34; 19:44; Gal 4:25.
    ⑥ a class of persons with a specific characteristic, children of. τ. is used w. abstract terms (for this Hebraism s. prec.; ἀνάγκης, ἀγνοίας Just., A I, 61, 10) τέκνα ἀγάπης B 9:7; ἀγ. καὶ εἰρήνης 21:9 (ἀγάπη 1bα). εὐφροσύνης 7:1 (s. εὐφροσύνη). δικαιοσύνης AcPlCor 2:19. κατάρας 2 Pt 2:14 (s. κατάρα). ὀργῆς Eph 2:3; AcPlCor 2:19. ὑπακοῆς 1 Pt 1:14. φωτός Eph 5:8; cp. IPhld 2:1. On the ‘children of wisdom’, i.e. those who attach themselves to her and let themselves be led by her Mt 11:19 v.l.; Lk 7:35 s. δικαιόω 2bα. Cp. 4b above.—Billerbeck I 219f, 371–74; BHHW II 947–49; III 1935–37.—DELG s.v. τίκτω. Frisk. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > τέκνον

  • 34 φυλακτήριον

    φυλακτήριον, ου, τό (φύλαξ, cp. φυλάσσω; Hdt.+; TestJob 47:11; Jos., Ant. 15, 249; Just., D. 46, 5; in var. senses) leather prayer band and case containing scripture passages, sometimes used as an amulet, prayer-band, prayer-case. One of the lit. senses of φ., which occurs only once in our lit., Mt 23:5, is ‘safeguard, means of protection’ (Demosth. 6, 24; Philo), esp. ‘amulet’, (Dioscor., Mat. Med. 5, 154; Plut., Mor. 377b al.; OGI 90, 45; PGM 1, 275; 3, 97; 127; 4, 86; 660; 708; 1071; 2506; 2510; 2694; 2705; 13, 796), but this sense is only one component of a more complex semantic phenomenon, where the referent reflects the Aramaic תְפִלִּין, i.e. two black leather boxes containing scripture passages worn on the forehead and the left arm, in keeping with Mosaic instruction Ex 13:9, 16; Dt 6:8; 11:18, where the directives appear to be figurative. Discovery of such small boxes, some with compartments, at the caves of Murabbaat, further confirms literary evidence of the practice. In some circles the devices were viewed as amulets protecting against demonic influences, and this understanding is reflected in Goodspeed’s rendering (‘they wear wide Scripture texts as charms’), which avoids the ambiguous Eng. loanword ‘phylacteries’.—Schürer II 479–81 (note 86 lit.; add YYadin, Tefillin fr. Qumran ’69); MFriedländer, Der Antichrist 1901, 155ff; GKropatscheck, De Amuletorum apud Antiquos Usu, diss. Greifswald 1907; Billerb. IV 1928, 250–76; GLanger, Die jüd. Gebetsriemen ’31; WKnox, St. Paul and the Church of the Gentiles ’39, 209; GFox, JNES 1, ’42, 373–77; Goodsp., Probs. 35f; CBonner, HTR 39, ’46, 25–53 (esp. 35), Studies in Magical Amulets ’50; JBowman, TU 73, ’59, 523–38; JTigay, HTR 72, ’79, 45–53; Pauly-W. I 467–76; Kl. Pauly IV 834; BHHW I 90f; RAC I 397–411 (lit.).—DELG s.v. φυλαξ 9. M-M. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > φυλακτήριον

  • 35 ἀναλίσκω

    ἀναλίσκω (Pr 24:22d; Ezk 15:4; Jos., Ant. 3, 236; 19, 352; TestSol 14:5; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 23 [Stone p. 10]; TestJob; ApcEsdr 6:24 p. 32:4 Tdf.; Tat.) or ἀναλόω (Bel 12 Theod., cp. EpJer 9; Jos., Bell. 7, 321) fut. ἀναλώσω LXX, TestNapht 4:2; 1 aor. ἀνήλωσα. Pass.: fut. ἀναλωθήσομαι; aor. ἀνηλώθην; pf. ἀνήλωμαι LXX, En 103:9 (Pind., Thu.+) to do away with someth. completely by using up, destroy, consume τινά of fire Lk 9:54 (as in Alex. Aphr., An. Mant. 111, 20, Quaest. 2, 23 p. 73, 17, Mixt. 9, p. 223, 5 Bruns; Jo 1:19; 2:3; Ezk 19:12; 2 Macc 2:10; Jos., Bell. 7, 321; Ar. 10, 9). Fig., of annihilation (cp. Gen 41:30; Pr 23:28; En 103:9; SibOr 3, 646; Jos., Ant. 2, 287) 2 Th 2:8 v.l. (ἀναιρέω 2. Ael. Dion. α, 121 ἀναλοῦντες• ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀναιροῦντες) Mk 9:49 v.l. Semantically more complex is βλέπετε μὴ ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων ἀναλωθῆτε (w. κατεσθίειν as Pr 30:14) Gal 5:15. For a prob. commercial metaphor: see to it that you are not squandered by one another, s. s.v. λόγος and πληρόω.—DELG s.v. ἁλίσκομαι. Frisk s.v. ἀναλίσκω. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀναλίσκω

  • 36 Ἀντιπᾶς

    Ἀντιπᾶς, ᾶ, ὁ (Ἀντεί-Tdf., Ἀντί-other edd.; declinable like Σατανᾶς, cp. gen. σατανᾶ Ac 26:18 and Rv 2:13, and for the form Ἀντίπα s. W-H., Introd: ‘Notes on Select Readings’ 137f [on Rv 2:13].—Sb 4206, 65; 255 [I B.C.]; RCharles, ICC Rv I 62 declared it like Κλέοπας for Κλεόπατρος short for Ἀντίπατρος [cp. Jos., Ant. 14, 10; on hypocoristic names in-ᾶ in Attic ins s. Threatte II, 71–75], found IPergamon 524, 2 et al.; but the textual problem is far more complex than indicated in N. app.: s. ἀντιλέγω, ἀντεῖπον, and Borger below) Antipas martyr (s. μάρτυς 3) in Pergamum Rv 2:13 (unless Ἀντιπᾶς is understood as indeclinable [s. GMussies, The Morphology of Koine Greek ’71, 94; idem, Antipas: NovT 7, ’64, 242ff; but s. above], the syntax in N. must be considered barbarous).—WSchulze, Kl. Schr.2 ’66, 67; 275 n. 1; RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 45–47.—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Ἀντιπᾶς

  • 37 περίπλοκος

    1) complex
    2) complicated
    3) intricate

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > περίπλοκος

  • 38 πολύπλοκος

    1) complex
    2) complicated

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > πολύπλοκος

  • 39 σύνθετος

    1) complex
    2) compound

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > σύνθετος

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