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1 πιστεύω
πιστεύω, tra uen, vertrauen, sich auf Jemand oder auf eine Sache verlassen, τινί, εἴ τι πιστεῠσαι ϑεῶν χρὴ ϑεσφάτοισιν, Aesch. Pers. 786; ϑεοῖς τε πιστεύσαντα τοῖς τ' ἐμοῖς λόγοις, Soph. Phil. 1360, u. öfter; dah. auch = glauben, sich überreden lassen, ὦ πρὸς ϑεῶν πίστευσον, Οἰδίπους, τάδε, O. R. 646; Ggstz ἀπιστέω, Tr. 1218; γυναιξὶ πιστεύω βραχύ, Eur. Or. 1103; λόγοις ἐμοῖσι πίστευσον τάδε, Hel. 716; u. in Prosa, Her. 1, 24; Thuc. 1, 20; glauben, ἃ ἐγὼ ἀκηκοὼς πιστεύω ἀληϑῆ εἶναι, Plat. Gorg. 524 a; οὐ πιστεύεις σαυτῷ οἷός τ' ἂν εἶναι ταῦτα οὕτω διελέσϑαι; Crat. 425 b; mit ὅτι, Plut.; τοῖς λόγοις, Plat., oft, u. Folgde; τῷ ἐξελέγχειν, Dem. 29, 2; – pass., πιστεύεσϑαι ὑπό τινος, von Jemandem Zutrauen genießen, Xen. Conv. 4, 29; ἐπιστεύετο ὑφ' ὑμῶν, Is. 11, 6; ὑπ' ἀνδρῶν ἀξίων πιστεύεσϑαι, Plat. Lach. 181 b; aber auch ἐπιστεύοντο ἃ περὶ ἀλλήλων ἔλεγον, man glaubte, was sie von einander sagten, Dem. 32, 4; – παρὰ Διὸς αὐτοῖς οἱ νόμοι πεπιστευμένοι ἦσαν γεγονέναι, Plat. Legg. I, 636 d; πιστευϑείς, Xen. Cyr. 5, 3, 17 An. 7, 6, 33 u. Sp., wie Pol. 16, 31, 4 u. öfter; auch = anvertrauen, τὴν ἀρχὴν πεπιστευμένος, dem der Oberbefehl anvertraut worden, Plat. Ep. I, 636 d; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 4, 2, 8; πεπιστευμένος τὴν πόλιν παρὰ Ῥωμαίων, Pol. 3, 69, 1; auch c. gen., 6, 56, 13. 18, 38, 6. – Πιστεύειν εἰς ϑεόν, ἐπὶ κύριον, an Gott glauben, N. T., K. S.
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2 νωθής
νωθής, ές (mit νόϑος, νωϑρός zusammenhangend, nach den Alten von νη – ὠϑεῖν), langsam, trä ge, faul; Il. 11, 509 Beiwort des Esels; νωϑὲς κῶλον, Eur. Herc. F. 819; Sp., κυφὸς καὶ τὰ γόνατα νωϑής, von einem Greise, Luc. de luct. 16; Plat. ἵππῳ ὑπὸ μεγέϑους νωϑεστέρῳ, Apol. 30 e; Tim. 86 e; ὕδωρ, das nicht zum Vorschein kommt, Antp. Sid. 64 (IX, 417); – auch geistig, schwer begreifend, stumpfsinnig, dumm; ἵνα μάϑῃ σοφιστὴς ὢν Διὸς νωϑέστερος, Aesch. Prom. 62; ἀλλά οἱ εἶναι κατεφαίνετο νωϑέστερος, Her. 3, 53; νωϑεστέρα ψυχή, Plat. Polit. 310 e; einzeln bei Sp.; Gegensatz von συνετός, S. Emp. adv. math. 7, 325.
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3 δαίδαλμα
1 something cleverly made, piece of workmanship [ δαιδάλματα codd. con tra met.: δαίδαλ Pauw P. 5.36] ]λυσίμβροτον παρθενίᾳ[ ]ἀκηράτων δαίδαλμα[ Pae. 8.81
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4 μεσίτης
A mediator, umpire, arbitrator, PLille28.11 (iii B. C.), Plb.28.17.8 (pl.), Ep.Gal.3.19, etc.;τῶν ὁμολογιῶν D.S.4.54
;θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων 1 Ep.Ti.2.5
; stakeholder, PStrassb.1.41.14 (iii A. D.).2 fem. μεσῖτις, ιδος, fili/as mesi=tin tra/pezan paraqe/menoi Luc.Am.27; φιλίας μ. ἡδονή ib.54.II in a middle position, of a limb, Gal.18(2).861.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μεσίτης
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5 σήμερον
σήμερον, Adv.A to-day, Il.7.30, Od.17.186, E.Rh. 683, PHib.1.65.13 (iii B.C.), SIG1181.11 (Rhenea, ii B.C.), Ev.Matt.27.19, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [full] σάμερον [pron. full] [ᾱ] Pi.O.6.28, P.4.1; [dialect] Att. [full] τήμερον Cratin.123, Ar.Eq.68, etc., cf. Moer.p.364 P. (though σήμερον is sts. found in Com., Hermipp.80, Philem.121); εἰς τ. Pl.Smp. 174a; τὸ τ. ib. 176e; τὸ τ. εἶναι to-day, Id.Cra. 396e;ἡ τ. ἡμέρα D.4.40
; also in the form [full] τήμερα Ar.Fr. 401 (s.v.l.), cf. 296. (Prob. fr. κy ᾱμερον, containing stem [kcirc ]yo- 'this', cf. Lith. šis 'this', Lat. ci-tra: σήμερον ([etym.] τήμερον ) is to ἡμέρα as σῆτες ([etym.] τῆτες ) to ἔτος.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σήμερον
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6 ἄλλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `other' (Il.)..Dialectal forms: Cypr. αἶλος.Compounds: ἀλλοπρόσαλλος `unreliable, fickle' from ἄλλο πρὸς ἄλλον λέγων, Bechtel, Lex. ἀλλοφρονέω `give no heed, be senseless' with a special development of ἄλλο- (improbable Aeol. ἆλλος = ἠλεός, Bechtel Lex. ἀλλοφάσσω `to be delirious' (Hp.) with unclear second element.Derivatives: ἀλλοῖος `of another kind, different' (Hom.), after τοῖος, ποῖος, οἷος. - Several adverbs: ἄλλοθεν, ἀλλαχῃ̃ etc. - From an adverb with - τρ- (cf. Skt. anyá-tra `elsewhere') comes ἀλλότριος `alienus, belonging to another' (Il.).Etymology: ἄλλος \< * al-io- as in Lat. alius, Goth. aljis, OIr. aile `other' (Gaul. Allo-broges), Toch. B alye-k, A ālak (depalatalized), Arm. ayl. Beside *ali̯o- there was *ani̯o- in Skt. anyá- `other'; on their relation Debrunner REIE 3, 1ff. - S. ἀλλά, ἀλλάσσω, ἀλλόδαπος, ἀλλήλους; Schwy 446 n. 8, 614.Page in Frisk: 1,76-77Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλλος
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7 ἀνθρηδών
ἀνθρηδών, - όνοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `hornet' (D. S.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No doubt a substatum word. Beside ἀνθρηδών, ἀνθρήνη we find τενθρηδών f. (Arist.), τενθρήνη (Nik.); τενθρήνιον (Arist.). There are several forms which lack the first nasal: τεθρηνιώδης (Hp.), ἀθρήνη (Suidas etc.) and without red. or ἀ-, θρήνη, (Eust.), θρηνώδης (Democr. ap. Ael.); Winter Proth. Vok. 45. Cf. further θρῶναξ κηφήν. Λάκωνες H. (I know of no other cases with η\/ω). Note also πεμφρηδών f. `a wasp' (Nic.). So we have a root θρη\/ ων- with prothetic vowel or reduplication (cf. κεκρύφαλος, Σίσυφος) and prenasalization; Kuiper FS Kretschmer 221f. For ν\/δ cf. perhaps φληναφάω - φληδῶντα. Πεμφρηδών may show that the word had a labio-velar (Beekes Glotta 73, 1995\/6, 12f.). - There is no ground to assume that τενθρήνη, τενθρηδών are dissimilated from *τερθρ-. Relation with ἀθήρ, ἀνθέριξ is therefore improbable. Not to θρέομαι, θόρυβος. - τεθρηδών πρωρεύς H. rather a joking formation of the sailors' language after the animal names in - ηδών (Chantr. Form. 360f.). A difficult problem is the relation to Germanic and Balto-Slavic words: OS dren, drāno (Germ. Drohne), Lith. trãnas; s. Kuiper l.c. 222.Page in Frisk: 1,110Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀνθρηδών
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8 γωρυτός
Grammatical information: m. (f.)Meaning: `quiver, which also was a bow-case' (φ 54).Other forms: Hesychius' χωρυτός will be due to ancient etymology, as appears from Ap. Soph. ( παρὰ τὸ... χωρεῖν). γορυτός H. may be just a mistake.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Iran.Etymology: Acc. to Benveniste Mélanges Boisacq 1, 42ff. a Scythian LW [loanword] (cf. on τόξον), containing the old word for `cow' (s. βοῦς), iran. Γω- in Γω-βάρης etc., and an unknown second member, perh. to NPers. rūda `intestine'; B. makes of this `cow-hide' and from there something made of leather, but this is not allowed. Cf. Morgenstierne KZ 61, 29f. As another meaning than `cow- hide' seems hardly possible, the first element is prob. not `cow-'. - Lubotsky suggests to me that it may come from *varūtra- `something that protects' (Skt. varūtar-). v- often becomes g- in later Iranian; the pronunciation may already have resembled g(w)- for the Greeks; - va- \> ō is trivial; note that this etym. explains the long u.Page in Frisk: 1,337Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γωρυτός
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9 εἰλύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wind around, envelop, cover' (Il.)Other forms: (Arat. 432; καταείλυον v. l. Ψ 135 for - νυον, - νυσαν), perf. med. εἴλῡμαι, fut. κὰδ δέ... \/ εἰλύσω Φ 319, aor. κατ-ειλύσαντε (A. R. 3, 206); εἰλύομαι `wind itself and curl, sneak forward' (S. Ph. 291 and 702, `swarm' (Com.), aor. pass. ἐλύσθη `rolled', ἐλυσθείς, Theoc. 25, 246 therefor εἰλυθείς; A. R. 3, 296 εἰλυμένος).Compounds: Some prefixed compounds: κατ-ειλύω (Hdt.), δι-ειλυσθεῖσα `sneaking through' (A. R. 4, 35), ἐξ-ειλυσθέντες (Theoc. 24, 17), συν-ειλύω (EM 333, 42).Derivatives: From ἐλῠ-: ἔλῠ-τρον `envelop, shell, container' (Ion.-Att.) with ἐλυτρόομαι (Hp.); ἔλῡμα `plough-beam' (Hes., length sec., s. below), in H. also = νύσσα (`turning point in a career') καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον, cf. εἴλυμα; ἔλῠμος a Phrygian pipe (S., Com.), in H. also `envelop'; ἔλυστα ἄμπελος μέλαινα H. (- σ- as in ἐλύσθη, s. below); deverbative ἐλύσσει εἰλεῖται H. - From εἰλῡ-: εἴλῡμα `envelop' (ζ 179 etc., cf. ἔλυμα); εἰλυθμός `hiding-place, hole' (Nic.), ap. H. = ἕλκος, τρόμος (to εἰλύομαι); εἰλυός = εἰλεός s. v.; εἴλυσις `sneaking forward' (sch. on εἰλύομαι); εἰλύτας, ἐλλύτας name of a cake' (inscr., H., ἐλύτης gramm.; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 171f.); deverbat. εἰλύσσεται εἰλεῖται H. (cf. ἐλύσσει) with εἰλυστήριον (gloss.). - From ἀλῠ- (zero grade): ἅλυσις, ἀλύτας, s. vv. - S. also πέλλυτρον and γολύριον.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1140] *u̯el-u- `envelop, cover'Etymology: The gloss γέλουτρον ἔλυτρον, ἤγουν λέπυρον H. gives PGr. Ϝέλυ-τρον, identical with Skt. varu-tra- n. `Obergewand' (gramm.). εἰλύω can be from PGr. *Ϝελ-ν-ύ-ω and agree with Skt. vr̥ṇóti `envelop, cover' (IE *u̯l̥-ne-u-ti); but the Greek word is late and rare which makes the identification less probable, s. below. Disyllabic Ϝελυ- in (Ϝ)ελύ-σ-θη etc. (with analogical - σ-; Schwyzer 761) also in Arm. gelu-m `turn' (formation not certain) and in Lat. volvō; an iterative formation of it is Goth. walwjan, OE wealwian `revolve (onself)'. Note (Ϝ)έλῡ-μα with the same sec. long vowel as Lat. volūmen; further Arm. gelumn `turning'. - In the Greek system the perfect εἴλῡμαι \< *Ϝέ-Ϝλῡ-μαι (with long vowel; Ϝ- uncertain s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 131 and Schwyzer 649e) was important; both in (late) εἰλῦσαι and εἰλυσθείς and in the many nouns in εἰλῡ- it was decisive. - Ample discussion (partly diff.) in Solmsen Unt. 232ff.Page in Frisk: 1,461-462Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰλύω
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10 ἕννυμι
ἕννυμι, - μαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `cloth, put on' (Il.).Other forms: Ion. εἵνυμι, - μαι, impf. κατα-είνυον Ψ 135 (v. l. - νυσαν, - λυον; cf. εἰλύω), aor. ἕσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι, fut. ἕσ(σ)ω, - ομαι, Att. ἀμφιῶ, - οῦμαι, perf. med. εἷμαι, ἕσσαι, εἷται or ἕσται, εἱμένος, plupef.. ἕστο, ἕεστο (Il.; cf. below), Att. ἠμφίεομαι, ἠμφιεσμένος, poet. ἀμφεμμένος, aor. pass. ptc. ἀμφιεσθείς (Hdn.)Compounds: Often with preverb, esp. ἀμφι- (always in Attic); also ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, ἀπαμφι- etc. New presents: ἀμφι-έζω, ἀμφιάζω (s. v.).Derivatives: ἑανός name of a womans cloth s. v. εἵματα pl. (rarely sg.) `clothes, cover' (Il.), Aeol. (Ϝ)έμματα ( γέμματα ἱμάτια H.), Cret. Ϝῆμα ( γῆμα ἱμάτιον H.), also gen. sg. Ϝήμας, of Ϝήμᾱ f. (cf. γνῶμα ἕννυμι γνώμη a. o.); often as 2. member, e. g. εὑ-, κακοείμων. Diminut. εἱμάτια pl., Att. ἱμάτια, - ιον (s. v.), with ἱματίδιον, - ιδάριον, ἱματίζω, ἱματισμός. ἔσθος n. `clothes, dress' (Ω 94, Ar. [lyr. u. dor.]), formation like ἄχθος, πλῆθος etc. (Schwyzer 511, Benveniste Origines 199); denomin. perfect ἤσθημαι, mostly in ptc. ἠσθημένος (ἐ-) `clothed' (Ion.) with ἐσθήματα pl. `clothes' (trag., Th.), ἐσθήσεις `id.' (Ath.); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 106f. More usual than ἔσθος is ἐσθής (Pi. ἐσθάς), - ῆτος f. `id.' (Od.); explan. by Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 527, Schwyzer IF 30, 443; lengthened dat. pl. ἐσθήσεσι (hell.). γέστρα (= Ϝέστρα; cod. γεστία, s. below) ἔνδυσις, στολή, ἱμάτια H.; s. Latte; to ἐφ- resp. ἀμφι-έννυμι: ἐφεστρίς f. `upper garment, coat' (X.), ἀμφι-εστρίς f. `coat, sleeping garment' (Poll.); on the formation Schwyzer 465, Chantr. Form. 338. From ἀμφι-έννυμι further ἀμφίεσμα (Ion.-Att.), - ίεσις (Sch.), - ιεσμός (D. H. 8, 62; v. l. - ιασμός, from ἀμφιάζω).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1172] *u̯es- `cloth'Etymology: The present ἕννυμι, εἵνυμι \< *Ϝέσ-νυ-μι (Att. - νν- from restored - σν-, Schwyzer 284, 312, 322, Lejeune Traité de phon. 105) is identical with Arm. z-genum `put on' (aor. z-ge-c̣ay, med.). Beside this nu-present an athem. rootpresent in Indoiranian and Hittite, Skt. vás-te `clothes himself', Hitt. impv. act. 2. pl. u̯eš-ten, ind. pres. med. 3. sg. u̯eš-ta. Exactly parallel are the perfekt forms εἷμαι \< *Ϝέσ-μαι, with analog. εἷται, 2. sg. ἕσ-σαι (Od.), 3. sg. ἐπί-εσται (Hdt. 1, 47, = aind. vás-te); perh. these are reinterpreted (ptc. εἱμένος) old presents; see Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 297, Schwyzer 767. One the σ-aorist cf. Toch. B pret. wässāte `he put on' and Pedersen 106. - The nominal derivv. can be old: ἑανός m.: Skt. vás-ana-m n. `cloth'; εἷμα = Skt. vás-man- n. `cloth'; Ϝέστρᾱ: Skt. vás-tra-m n. `id.', MHG wes-ter `christening robe'. Greek does not have (except uncertain γεστία, s. above) the normal t-deriv. in Lat. ves-ti-s, Arm. zges-t (instr. zgest-u, u-stem), Goth. wasti, Toch. B was-tsi (prop. inf.). - See Ernout-Meillet s. vestis. The idea that IE. u̯es- `cloth' is a deriv. of eu- (* h₁eu-) `put on' in Lat. ind-uō etc.is impossible because of the h₁-.Page in Frisk: 1,521-522Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕννυμι
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11 ἤνυστρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `the fourth stomach of ruminants, rennet-stomach'; also a dish (Ar., Arist.);Other forms: ἐν- (LXX)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The form with ἐν- after ἔντερα, ἐγκοίλια (but it is very late)? From ἤνυστρον, if from *Ϝήνυστρον, differs a Northgerman. word for `rennet-stomach', e. g. Norw. dial. vinstr f. only as regards the quantity of the first syllable and the colour of the intermediate vowel; Gr. - υ- may be analogical after ὑστέρα. As basis we could assume IE *u̯ē̆nes-tro-, - trā-. Further there is, with a different suffix, OHG wanast ` Wanst', also `the first stomch of ruminants', Skt. vaniṣṭhú- m. etwa `entrail' (used as an offering). - Lidén KZ 61, 19ff. with criticism of other views. - A digamma is uncertain. Connection with Germanic words seems most improbable, as with Sanskrit (the forms are not well comparable). I think the ending in - στρον is Pre-Greek (Beekes. Pre-Greek, Suffixes s.v. - στρ-). Fur. 258 ν. 42 points to the variation ε\/η for which he gives parallels.Page in Frisk: 1,638Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἤνυστρον
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12 κτάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `acquire, win', perf. `possess'.Other forms: Ion. ipf. ἐκτέετο (as v. l. Hdt. 8, 112), aor. κτήσασθαι (Il.), pass. κτηθῆναι (Th., E.), fut. κτήσομαι (posthom.), perf. ἔκτημαι, κέκτημαι (Hes., Att.),Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. (here not specif. noted): 1. Dat.pl. κτεάτεσσι (Hom., Pi., E.), sg. κτέαρ (hell.) `(acquired) goods, possessions, property' with κτεατίζω `acquire' (Il.), κτεατισμός (Man.; cod. κτεαν-). - 2. κτέανα n. pl., sec. a. rare - ον sg. `id.' (Hes., also Hp.), φιλο-κτεανώτατε voc. (A 122; Sommer Nominalkomp. 69), πολυ-κτέανος (Pi.). On κτεάτεσσι and κτέανα s. below. - 3. κτήματα n. pl. (Il.), also sg. (ο 19), `goods, landed property', also `domestic animals' (Chantraine Rev. de phil. 72, 5ff.), with κτημάτ-ιον (Alkiphr., pap.), - ίδιον (pap. VIp), - ικός `rich' (hell.), - ίτης `id.' (Lycurg.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 28); as 2. member a. o. in πολυ-κτήμων `rich in possessions' (Il.) with - μοσύνη (Poll.). - 4. κτήνεα, - νη n. pl., rarely - νος sg. `domestic animals' (esp. Ion., hell.), prob. directly from κτάομαι with νος-suffix (Chantraine Formation 420; very complicated hypothesis in Egli Heteroklisie 48 f.); from it κτηνηδόν `after the kind of animals' (Hdt.), κτηνύδριον (pap.); often as 1. member, e.g. κτηνο-τρόφος `cattle-keeper' (hell.). - 5. κτῆσις `acquisition, possession' (Il.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 82 ff.) with κτήσιος `regarding the possessions', Ζεὑς Κτήσιος as protector of possessions (IA.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 403 ff.); dimin. κτησ(ε) ίδιον (Arr.). - 6. κτεάτειρα f. `who possesses (fem.)' (A. Ag. 356), archaising after κτεάτεσσι a. o. for - κτήτειρα, - τρια (in προ-κτήτρια `former possessor', pap.) to κτήτωρ m. `possessor' (D. S., pap., Act. Ap.) with κτητορικός (pap.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 29f., 1, 183 n. 1, Schwyzer 474 n. 3. - 7. Φιλο-κτή-της PN (Il.), compound from φίλος and κτάομαι with τη-suffix; Att. Φιλοσκήτης (Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351). -8. Verbal adjectives: κτητός `to acquire, acquired' (I 408; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,14); usu. ἐπίκτη-τος `also acquired, newly acquired' (IA.); κτητικός `of what was acquired' (Att.), cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 137. - 9. Unclear is ἀκτῆνες πένητες, ἠργηκότες (EM55, 11); after Solmsen Wortforsch. 143 prob. from *ἀ-κτη-ῆνες. Except the rare and relatively late attested present κτάομαι all forms have κτη-(ἔγκτασις hyperdoric after ἔμπᾱσις; s. πάσασθαι). Also κτεάτεσσι, κτέαρ go back to a heteroklitic *κτῆ-Ϝαρ, - Ϝατος; besides κτέανα as rest of the old oblique n-stem *κτη-Ϝαν-α, which gave sg. κτέανον, s. Schwyzer 519 n. 6, Egli Heteroklisie 32.Etymology: The oldcomparison with Indo-Iran. present Skt. kṣáyati = Av. xšayeiti, -te `rule, order, have power' is semantically unproblemtic, but formally already less convincing, as κτάομαι makes the inpression of being an innovation and the well established non-present forms of Greek have no Indo-Iran. agreements. A further problem was Skt. kṣáy-ati; this form does not continue *ksǝi̯eti; the solution is * ksH-ei-, which was unknown until recently; this solution can also be used to explain Skt. kṣa-trám - Av. xša-θ rǝm `rule'. The equation of κτάομαι `acquire' and Skt. kṣáyati is therefore less evident. Cf. LIV 334, 562; EWAia 426 -- Pok. 626.Page in Frisk: 2,31-33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτάομαι
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13 λαῖον
Grammatical information: acc. sg.Meaning: `name of a part of the plough, prob. `ploughshare' (A. R. 3, 1335).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Bugge KZ 20, 10 compared a German. word for `sickle', OWNo. lē, MLG lē, lehe m., which supposes a basis with ĕ, PGerm. *leu̯an-, IE. *leu̯on-; further (with uncertain vowel) Skt. laví- m. (Uṇ. 4, 138), laví-tra- n. (Pāṇ. 3, 2, 184) `sickle', first from a verb `cut' (pres. lunā́ti, s. λύω). Doubts by Niedermann Essais d'étym. 18 f. The - αι- would remain unexplained.Page in Frisk: 2,73Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαῖον
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14 λύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `loosen, liberate, make loose, destroy, pay'.Other forms: aor. λῦσαι, fut. λύσω, perf. midd. λέλῠμαι, aor. pass. λῠθῆναι (Il.), aor. midd. also λύμην, λύ(ν)το (Hom.), perf. act. λέλῡκα.Compounds: very often with prefix, e.g. ἀνα, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, παρα-. As 1. member λῦσ(ι)- in governing compp., e.g. λυσί-πονος, λυσι-τελής (s. v.), PN like Λυσί-μαχος, shortname Λυσίας a. o.; as 2. member in βου-λῡ-τός (s. v.).Derivatives: 1. λύσις `loosenig, liberation' (Ω 655 a. ι 421; cf. Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 4f.. Benveniste Noms d'agent 77, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 71ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 196), from the prefixcompp. ἀπό-, ἀνά-, διά-, κατά-, ἔκ-λυσις etc. (Thgn., Sol., IA; cf. Holt [s. Index]); davon ( κατα-, ἀπο-)λύσιμος `good for loosening etc.' (trag., Pl., Arist.; Arbenz 66 u. 68); also λύσιος `bringing loosening', surn. of the gods, esp. Dionysos (Pl., Plu.). 2. λύματα pl. = ἐνέχυρα (Suid.); but κατάλῠ-μα n. `inn' (hell.) with - μάτιον (hell. pap.) from κατα-λύω `dismiss, unloose'. 3. Aeol. Dor. λύα f. (Alc., Pi.), λύη (Hdn. Gr.) `loosening, saparation, στάσις'; from it, but deviant in meaning, Λυαῖος, - αία surn. of Dionysos resp. the Great Goddess ( Anakreont., IG 5: 2, 287 [I--IIp]; Tim. Pers. 132), cf. Danielsson Eranos 5, 52 and Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 11 w. n. 1, Lat. LW [loanword] Lyaeus. - 4. ( ἀνα-, κατα-) λυτήρ, - ῆρος m. `liberator, looser, arbiter' (A., E., hell. inscr.) with ( ἐκ-)λυτήριος `loosing, liberating' (Hp., trag.); λυτήριον = λύτρον (Pi., A. R.), but καταλυτήριον = κατάλυμα (Poll., s. above). Fem. λύτειρα (Orph.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 128), also λυτηριάς (Orph.). 5. δια-, κατα-, ἀνα-, συν-λύτης `looser, resp. loging guest, looser, conciliator' (Th., resp. Plb.); here and after λύσις, λύω ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐκ-, παρα- etc.) λυτικός `good for loosing.' (Pl., Arist.). - 6. λύτρον `ransom' (usu. pl.), `substitute, retribution' (Pi., IA.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 203 f., Chantraine Formation 332) with ( ἀπο-, παρα-, ἐκ-)λυτρόω, - όομαι `give free for ransom etc.' (Att.), from where (-) λύτρωσις, λυτρώσι-μος, λυτρωτής, ἀπολυτρωτικός (hell.).Etymology: The regular Greek formal system is the result of nivellation. Old was the athematic aorist λύ-μην, λύ-το (Schwyzer 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382), new prob. the themat. present λύω with original short (Hom.), then also long (Att.; sts. also Hom.) υ, prob. after λῦσαι etc. (cf. Schwyzer 686, Chantraine 1, 372; also Schulze Q. 387 f., Bonfante Emerita 1, 117). Further agrees with λῠ́ω Lat. luō `mend, pay', to which solvō (from *sĕ-luō) `solve'; the long vowel in so-lū-tus and in Skt. lū-na- `cut off' has an agreement in βου-λῡ-τός (against λύ-το, λύ-σις etc.). The Skt. verb deviates both formally and semantically ('cut off, divide, destroy usw.') with the nasal presents lu-nā́-ti, lu-no-ti; the other finite forms are much later; on full grade verbal nouns (e.g. laví-, lavítra-) s. on λαῖον (not in λοι-δορέω). - From other languages there are isolated verbal nouns or verb forma, which are unimportant for Greek, like Goth. lun acc. sg. ' λύτρον, ransom'; with n-suffix Alb. laj `pay a debt' (from IE *lǝu̯n-i̯ō?). Besides with s-enlargement Germ. e.g. Goth. fra-liusan `lose' (IE * leus-) wiht fralusts `loss' (IE. * lus-ti-), fra-lus-nan `be lost'. - More forms WP. 2, 407 f., Pok. 681 f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. luō.Page in Frisk: 2,149-150Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λύω
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15 μέτρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `measure, the right, full measure, goal, length, size, syllable- or verse-measure' (Il.).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σύμμετρος `with the same measure, maesured, becoming, symmetrical' with συμμετρ-ία `harmony, symmetry' a. o. (IA.); περί-μετρος `exceeding (the measure)' (Od.); but περί-μετρον (Hdt., Arist.), - ος (sc. γραμμή) f. `circumference, extent' after περίοδος a. o. with verbal association ( περι-μετρέω Luc.), s. Risch IF 59, 252.Derivatives: Adj. 1. μέτριος `moderate, suitable' (Hes.) with μετρι-ότης `moderation' (IA.), - οσύνη `poverty' (pap. VIp), - ακός `moderate' (pap. VIp), - άζω `be moderate' (Att. hell.) with - ασμός (Suid.); μετριεύεται H. s. λαγαρίτ-τεται. 2. μετρικός `metrical, acc. to measure' (Arist.). 3. Adv. μετρηδόν `in metrical form' (Nonn.). 4. Verb: μετρέω, very often with prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-, ἐκ-, ἀπο-, συν-, `measure, measure (off), estimate etc.' (Hom.); from this (often with prefix) μέτρ-ησις `measurement' (IA.)., - ημα `measure' (E., hell.), - ητής m. "measurer", name of a measure, `metretes' (Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 233), - ητίς f. `id.' (Amorgos IVa), - ητιαῖος `sticking to a μ.' (Karyanda), - ητικός `regarding measurement' (Pl.). As 2. member in several verbal cornpp., e.g. γεω-μέτρης m. `land-, fieldmeasurer, geometrist' (Pl., X.) with γεωμετρ-ία, Ion. - ίη (Hdt., Ar.; also compound of γῆν μετρεῖν?), - ικός (Democr., Pl.), - έω (Att.), βου-μέτρης "cowmeasurer" = ὁ ἐπι θυσιῶν τεταγμένος παρὰ Αἰτωλοῖς H.; cf. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 86. -- Backformations like διάμετρος (sc. γραμμή) f. `diameter, diagonal etc.' (Pl., Arist.), ἐπίμετρον `excess, addition' (hell.).Etymology: Beside μέτρον we have with the same suffix but diff. ablaut μήτρα f. `landmeasure etc.' (Cilicia), ἐρεσι-μήτρην την γεωμετρίαν H. (s. ἔρα), which agrees exactly with Skt. mā́trā f. `measure' and goes back on an athematic present, Skt. mā́-ti `measure' (\< IE * meh₁-ti). The shortness of the ε in μέτρον as opposed to Skt. mā́tram n. `id.' finds however no agreement outside Greek; one might think of a thematic vowel after zero grade root μ-έ-τρον (Brugmann, e.g. Grundr.2 II: 1, 342); a reduced grade of IE * meh₁-- (as θέ-(σις) from θη-) is difficult: it would require * mh₁tr- to become (*) μετρ- and not rather *m̥h₁tr- \> μητρ-; in the latter case Prakr. mettam n. `measure' from Skt. * mitram (innovated after mi-ta-?) would give a direct parallel (note that mh₁etr- might rather have givem *m̥h₁etr- \> *αμετρ-); the question has not been solved yet, Beekes Laryngeals 183. I now think that at the beginning of the word the *m- could have remained consonantal. A derivation IE *méd-tro-m from * med- `measure' (not here μέδιμνος, s.v., with de Saussure MSL 6, 246ff.) would have given *μέστρον. -- An other derivation of the same verb is μῆτις, s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,220-221Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέτρον
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16 ὄχος
Grammatical information: m. (Pi. O. 6, 24 [ ὄκχος, s.u.], Hdt., A. usw.),Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1118] *u̯eǵʰ- `move, drive'Etymology: Old verbal noun to Ϝέχω `carry somewhere' (s. 2. ἔχω), ὀχέομαι `drive', so for *Ϝόχος (on the loss of the Ϝ- in Hom. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125) and identical wit Slav., e.g. OCS vozъ m. `wagon', IE *u̯óǵho-s. The in an σ-stem epected ε-vowel is preserved in ἔχεσφι ἅρμασιν H.; ὄχεα after ὄχος, ὀχέομαι (cf. on ὄρος). With *Ϝέχος (and [F] όχεα) agrees (except for the vowel length) Skt. vā́has- n. `vessel' (metaph. for the song of praise); beside vāhá- m. `draught-animal', also `vessel', Av. vāza- m. `draught-animal' (: ὄχο-ς). A n-derivation with the same meaning was formed in the West, Celt., e.g. OIr. fēn `kind of wagon' (IE *u̯egh-no-), Germ. e.g. OHG wagan ' Wagen' (IE *u̯oǵh-no-). Diff. again Lat. vehi-culum n. `vessel', Skt. vahi-tra- n. `ship' with tlo-suffix; thus ὄχε-τλα ὀχήματα H., which may have dissimilated - θλα (Schwyzer 533). The geminate in ὄκχος, ὀκχέω (Pi.) is unexplained; hypotheses in Schwyzer 717 n. 4 and Meillet BSL 26, 15 f. -- Further forms w. rich lit. WP. 1, 249f., Pok. 1118ff., W.-Hofmann s. vehō, Fraenkel s. vèžti; see also Porzig Gliederung 120, 158 a. 170 (cf. the critical remarks by Humbach Gnomon 30, 622). -- Cf. ὀχέω, ὄχλος, γαιάοχος.Page in Frisk: 2,457-458Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄχος
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