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21 way

1. noun
1) (road etc., lit. or fig.) Weg, der

across or over the way — gegenüber

2) (route) Weg, der

ask the or one's way — nach dem Weg fragen

ask the way to... — fragen od. sich erkundigen, wo es nach... geht

pick one's way — sich (Dat.) einen Weg suchen

lead the way — vorausgehen; (fig.): (show how to do something) es vormachen

find the or one's way in/out — den Eingang/Ausgang finden

find a way out — (fig.) einen Ausweg finden

I'll take the letter to the post office - it's on my way — ich bringe den Brief zur Post - sie liegt auf meinem Weg

‘Way In/Out’ — "Ein-/Ausgang"

go to Italy by way of Switzerland — über die Schweiz nach Italien fahren

there's no way out — (fig.) es gibt keinen Ausweg

the way back/down/up — der Weg zurück/nach unten/nach oben

go one's own way/their separate ways — (fig.) eigene/getrennte Wege gehen

be going somebody's way — (coll.) denselben Weg wie jemand haben

things are really going my way at the moment — (fig.) im Moment läuft [bei mir] alles so, wie ich es mir vorgestellt habe

money came his way — er kam zu Geld

many offers came his way — er kriegte viele Angebote

go out of one's way to collect something for somebody — einen Umweg machen, um etwas für jemanden abzuholen

go out of one's way to be helpful — sich (Dat.) besondere Mühe geben, hilfsbereit zu sein

out of the way — abgelegen

3) (method) Art und Weise, die

there is a right way and a wrong way of doing it — es gibt einen richtigen und einen falschen Weg, es zu tun

that is not the way to do it — so macht man das nicht

do it this way — mach es so

do it my way — mach es wie ich

I don't like the way she smiles — mir gefällt ihr Lächeln nicht

that's no way to speak to a lady — so spricht man nicht mit einer Dame

he has a strange way of talking — er hat eine seltsame Sprechweise od. Art zu sprechen

from or by the way [that] she looked at me, I knew that there was something wrong — an ihrem Blick konnte ich erkennen, dass etwas nicht stimmte

find a or some way of doing something — einen Weg finden, etwas zu tun

there are no two ways about it — da gibt es gar keinen Zweifel

Are you going to give me that money? - No way! — (coll.) Gibst du mir das Geld? - Nichts da! (ugs.)

there was no way he would change his stand — er würde auf gar keinen Fall seinen Standpunkt ändern

no way is he coming with us — es kommt überhaupt nicht in Frage, dass er mit uns kommt

one way or another — irgendwie

ways and means [to do something or of doing something] — Mittel und Wege, etwas zu tun

be built or made that way — (fig. coll.) so gestrickt sein (fig. ugs.)

be that way — (coll.) so sein

better that way — besser so

either way — so oder so

4) (desired course of action) Wille, der

get or have one's [own] way, have it one's [own] way — seinen Willen kriegen

all right, have it your own way[, then]! — na gut od. schön, du sollst deinen Willen haben!

5) in sing. or (Amer. coll.) pl. (distance between two points) Stück, das

a little way — ein kleines Stück[chen]; (fig.) ein klein[es] bisschen

it's a long way off or a long way from here — es ist ein ganzes Stück von hier aus; es ist weit weg von hier

the summer holidays are only a little way away — bis zu den Sommerferien ist es nicht mehr lange

there's [still] some way to go yet — es ist noch ein ganzes Stück; (fig.) es dauert noch ein Weilchen

I went a little/a long/some way to meet him — ich bin ihm ein kleines/ganzes/ziemliches Stück entgegengegangen/-gefahren usw., um mich mit ihm zu treffen; (fig.) ich bin ihm etwas/sehr/ziemlich entgegengekommen

have gone/come a long way — (fig.) es weit gebracht haben

go a long way toward something/doing something — viel zu etwas beitragen/viel dazu beitragen, etwas zu tun

a little kindness goes a long way — ein bisschen Freundlichkeit ist viel wert od. hilft viel

all the way — den ganzen Weg

go all the way [with somebody] — (fig.) [jemandem] in jeder Hinsicht zustimmen; (coll.): (have full sexual intercourse) es [mit jemandem] richtig machen (salopp)

6) (room for progress) Weg, der

block the way — den Weg versperren

leave the way open for something — (fig.) etwas möglich machen

clear the way [for something] — (lit. or fig.) [einer Sache (Dat.)] den Weg freimachen

be in somebody's or the way — [jemandem] im Weg sein

get in somebody's way — (lit. or fig.) jemandem im Wege stehen

put difficulties/obstacles in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem Schwierigkeiten bereiten/Hindernisse in den Weg legen

make way for something — für etwas Platz schaffen od. (fig.) machen

make way! — Platz da!

[get] out of the/my way! — [geh] aus dem Weg!

Move one's car out of the way — seinen Wagen aus dem Weg fahren

get something out of the way — (settle something) etwas erledigen

7) (journey)

on his way to the office/London — auf dem Weg ins Büro/nach London

on the way out to Singapore — auf dem Hinweg/der Hinfahrt/dem Hinflug nach Singapur

on the way back from Nigeria — auf dem Rückweg/der Rückfahrt/dem Rückflug von Nigeria

she is just on the or her way in/out — sie kommt/geht gerade

be on the way out — (fig. coll.) (be losing popularity) passee sein (ugs.); (be reaching end of life) [Hund, Auto, Person:] es nicht mehr lange machen (ugs.)

we stopped on the way to have lunch — wir hielten unterwegs zum Mittagessen an

on her way home — auf dem Nachhauseweg

they're on their way — sie sind unterwegs

on the way there — auf dem Hinweg

[be] on your way! — nun geh schon!

By the way — übrigens

all this is by the way — das alles nur nebenbei

8) (specific direction) Richtung, die

she went this/that/the other way — sie ist in diese/die/die andere Richtung gegangen

look this way, please — sieh/seht bitte hierher!

He wouldn't look my way — er hat nicht zu mir herübergesehen

I will call next time I'm [down] your way — wenn ich das nächste Mal in deiner Gegend bin, komme ich [bei dir] vorbei

look the other way — (lit. or fig.) weggucken

the other way about or round — andersherum

this/which way round — so/wie herum

stand something the right/wrong way up — etwas richtig/falsch herum stellen

turn something the right way round — etwas richtig herum drehen

‘this way up’ — "hier oben"

9) (advance) Weg, der

fight/push etc. one's way through — sich durchkämpfen/-drängen

be under way — [Person:] aufgebrochen sein; [Fahrzeug:] abgefahren sein; (fig.): (be in progress) [Besprechung, Verhandlung, Tagung:] im Gange sein

get something under way — (fig.) etwas in Gang bringen

get under way — wegkommen

make one's way to Oxford/the station — nach Oxford/zum Bahnhof gehen/fahren

Do you need a lift? - No, I'll make my own way — Soll ich dich mitnehmen? - Nein, ich komme alleine

make one's [own] way in the world — seinen Weg gehen (fig.)

make or pay its way — ohne Verlust arbeiten

pay one's way — für sich selbst aufkommen

10) (respect) Hinsicht, die

in [exactly] the same way — [ganz] genauso

in some ways — in gewisser Hinsicht

in one way — auf eine Art

not in any way — in keiner Weise

in every way — in jeder Hinsicht

in a way — auf eine Art

in more ways than one — auf mehr als eine Art

in no way — auf keinen Fall; durchaus nicht

11) (state) Verfassung, die

in a bad way — schlecht

they are in a very bad way — es geht ihnen sehr schlecht

either way — so oder so

in a small way — in bescheidenem Rahmen

by way of — (as a kind of) als; (for the purpose of) um … zu

by way of illustration / greeting / apology / introduction — zur Illustration / Begrüßung / Entschuldigung/Einführung

12) (custom) Art, die

get into/out of the way of doing something — sich (Dat.) etwas an-/abgewöhnen

he has a way of leaving his bills unpaid — es ist so seine Art, seine Rechnungen nicht zu bezahlen

in its way — auf seine/ihre Art

way of life — Lebensstil, der

change one's ways — sich ändern

way of thinking — Denkungsart, die

to my way of thinking — meiner Meinung nach

13) (normal course of events)

be the way — so od. üblich sein

that is always the way — das ist immer so

14) (ability to charm somebody or attain one's object)

he has a way with him — er hat so eine Art

she has a way with children/animals — sie kann mit Kindern/Tieren gut umgehen

15) (specific manner) Eigenart, die

fall into bad ways — schlechte [An]gewohnheiten annehmen

16) (ordinary course) Rahmen, der

17) in pl. (parts) Teile

split something three ways — etwas in drei Teile teilen
2. adverb
weit

way off/ahead/above — weit weg von/weit voraus/weit über

way back — (coll.) vor langer Zeit

way back in the early fifties/before the war — vor langer Zeit, Anfang der fünfziger Jahre/vor dem Krieg

way up in the clouds — hoch oben in den Wolken

he was way out with his guess, his guess was way out — er lag mit seiner Schätzung gewaltig daneben

way down south/in the valley — tief [unten] im Süden/Tal

* * *
[wei] 1. noun
1) (an opening or passageway: This is the way in/out; There's no way through.) der Weg

2) (a route, direction etc: Which way shall we go?; Which is the way to Princes Street?; His house is on the way from here to the school; Will you be able to find your/the way to my house?; Your house is on my way home; The errand took me out of my way; a motorway.) der Weg

3) (used in the names of roads: His address is 21 Melville Way.) der Weg

4) (a distance: It's a long way to the school; The nearest shops are only a short way away.) der Weg

5) (a method or manner: What is the easiest way to write a book?; I know a good way of doing it; He's got a funny way of talking; This is the quickest way to chop onions.) die Art und Weise

6) (an aspect or side of something: In some ways this job is quite difficult; In a way I feel sorry for him.) die Hinsicht

7) (a characteristic of behaviour; a habit: He has some rather unpleasant ways.) die Eigenart

8) (used with many verbs to give the idea of progressing or moving: He pushed his way through the crowd; They soon ate their way through the food.) der Weg
2. adverb
((especially American) by a long distance or time; far: The winner finished the race way ahead of the other competitors; It's way past your bedtime.) weit

- academic.ru/81440/wayfarer">wayfarer
- wayside
- be/get on one's way
- by the way
- fall by the wayside
- get/have one's own way
- get into / out of the way of doing something
- get into / out of the way of something
- go out of one's way
- have a way with
- have it one's own way
- in a bad way
- in
- out of the/someone's way
- lose one's way
- make one's way
- make way for
- make way
- under way
- way of life
- ways and means
* * *

way

[weɪ]

I. NOUN

1. (road) Weg m

the W\way of the Cross der Kreuzweg

cycle \way Fahrradweg m, Veloweg m SCHWEIZ

one-\way street Einbahnstraße f

to be across [or BRIT also over] the \way gegenüber sein

2. (route) Weg m

excuse me, which \way is the train station? Entschuldigung, wie geht es hier zum Bahnhof?

could you tell me the \way to the post office, please? könnten Sie mir bitte sagen, wie ich zur Post komme?

there's no \way through the centre of town in a vehicle das Stadtzentrum ist für Autos gesperrt

will you get some bread on your \way home? kannst du auf dem Heimweg [etwas] Brot mitbringen?

oh, I must be on my \way oh, ich muss mich auf den Weg machen!

on the \way in/out... beim Hineingehen/Hinausgehen...

on my \way to Glasgow, I saw... auf dem Weg nach Glasgow sah ich...

on the \way back from India,... auf dem Rückweg/Rückflug von Indien...

sorry, I'm on my \way out tut mir leid, ich bin gerade am Gehen

we stopped on the \way to ask for directions wir hielten unterwegs, um nach dem Weg zu fragen

“\way In/Out” „Eingang/Ausgang“

we have to go by \way of Copenhagen wir müssen über Kopenhagen fahren

to ask the \way [to the airport/station] nach dem Weg [zum Flughafen/Bahnhof] fragen

to be on the \way letter, baby unterwegs sein

to be on the [or one's] \way [to sth] auf dem Weg [o unterwegs] [zu etw dat] sein

no problem, it's on my \way kein Problem, das liegt auf meinem Weg

to be out of the \way abgelegen sein

to be out of sb's \way für jdn ein Umweg sein

to be under \way person losgegangen sein; ( fig) im Gange sein

we stopped to have lunch but within half an hour we were under \way again wir machten eine Mittagspause, waren aber nach einer halben Stunde bereits wieder unterwegs

to find one's \way home nach Hause finden

to find one's \way around ( fig) sich akk zurechtfinden

to find one's \way into/out of sth in etw akk hineinfinden/aus etw dat herausfinden; ( fig)

how did my ring find its \way into your pockets? wie kommt denn mein Ring in deine Taschen?

to find one's \way through sth ( also fig) sich akk in etw dat zurechtfinden a. fig

to get under \way in Gang kommen

to give \way einem anderen Fahrzeug die Vorfahrt geben

remember to give \way vergiss nicht, auf die Vorfahrt zu achten!

on roundabouts, you have to give \way to cars already on the roundabout im Kreisverkehr haben die Autos Vorfahrt, die sich bereits im Kreisverkehr befinden

“give \way” BRIT „Vorfahrt [beachten]“

to go on one's \way sich akk auf den Weg machen

to go out of one's \way to do sth einen Umweg machen, um etw zu tun; ( fig) sich akk bei etw dat besondere Mühe geben

please don't go out of your \way! bitte machen Sie sich doch keine Umstände!

to go one's own \way ( fig) seinen eigenen Weg gehen

to go one's own sweet \way ( fig) rücksichtslos seinen eigenen Weg verfolgen

to go separate \ways getrennte Wege gehen

to go the wrong \way sich akk verlaufen; (in car) sich akk verfahren

to know one's \way around sth ( also fig) sich akk in etw dat auskennen

to lead the \way vorausgehen; ( fig)

the research group is leading the \way in developing new types of computer memory die Forschungsgruppe ist führend in der Entwicklung neuartiger Computerspeicher

to lose one's \way sich akk verirren

to make one's own \way to sth alleine irgendwohin kommen

to make one's \way to somewhere irgendwohin gehen, sich akk irgendwohin begeben geh

we should make our \way home wir sollten uns auf den Heimweg machen

to make one's \way in the world seinen Weg gehen

to pay one's \way ( fig) für sich akk selbst aufkommen

to show sb the \way jdm den Weg zeigen

can you show me the \way out, please? können Sie mir bitte zeigen, wo es hier zum Ausgang geht?

to talk one's \way out of sth ( fig) sich akk aus etw dat herausreden fam

to work one's \way up ( fig) sich akk hocharbeiten

3. ( fig: be just doing)

to be [well] on the \way to doing sth auf dem besten Weg[e] sein, etw zu tun

I'm well on the \way to completing the report! der Bericht ist so gut wie fertig! fam

she's well on her \way of becoming an alcoholic sie ist auf dem besten Weg[e], Alkoholikerin zu werden

4. ( fig fam: coming in/disappear)

▪ to be on the \way in [or up] /out im Kommen/am Verschwinden sein

5. (distance) Weg m, Strecke f; AM

keep going straight and after a \ways, you'll see the house fahr immer geradeaus und nach ein paar Metern siehst du dann das Haus

all the \way den ganzen Weg

she stayed with him in the ambulance all the \way to the hospital sie blieb während der ganzen Fahrt bis zum Krankenhaus bei ihm im Krankenwagen; ( fig)

I agree with you all the \way ich stimme dir voll und ganz zu; ( fig)

I'll take my complaint all the \way to the managing director if I have to wenn ich muss, gehe ich mit meiner Beschwerde noch bis zum Generaldirektor; ( fig)

I'll support you all the \way du hast meine volle Unterstützung

a long \way weit

a long \way back vor langer Zeit

to be a long/short \way off (in space) weit entfernt/sehr nahe sein; (in time) fern/nahe sein

Christmas is just a short \way off bis Weihnachten ist es nicht mehr lange hin

to still have a long \way to go ( also fig) noch einen weiten Weg vor sich dat haben

to go a long \way ( fig) lange reichen

to have a [long] \way to go einen [weiten] Weg vor sich dat haben

to have come a long \way ( fig) es weit gebracht haben

he's still a long \way off perfection er ist noch weit davon entfernt, perfekt zu sein

a little kindness goes a long \way wenn man ein bisschen freundlich ist, hilft das doch gleich viel

[not] by long \way ( fig) bei Weitem [nicht]

6. (facing direction) Richtung f

which \way up should this box be? wie herum soll die Kiste stehen?

“this \way up” „hier oben“

this \way round so herum

the wrong \way round [or around] figures falsch [o verkehrt] herum; ( fig)

no, it's the other \way round! nein, es ist gerade andersherum!

to be the wrong \way up auf dem Kopf stehen

7. (direction) Richtung f

which \way are you going? in welche Richtung gehst du?

this \way, please! hier entlang bitte!

look this \way, please bitte hierher schauen; ( fam)

they live out Manchester \way sie wohnen draußen bei Manchester

I really didn't know which \way to look ich wusste wirklich nicht mehr, wo ich hinschauen sollte

after applying for a job, many offers came her \way nachdem sie sich beworben hatte, bekam sie viele Angebote

I'd take any job that comes my \way ich würde jeden Job nehmen, der sich mir bietet

all of a sudden, money came her \way plötzlich kam sie zu Geld

when something like this comes your \way... wenn dir so etwas passiert,...

when a girl like this comes your \way... wenn dir so ein Mädchen über den Weg läuft,... fam

to go this/that \way hier/da entlanggehen

to go the other \way in die andere Richtung gehen

down my \way bei mir in der Nähe

down your \way in deiner Gegend

8. (manner) Art f, Weise f

I liked the \way he asked for a date mir gefiel [die Art und Weise], wie er um ein Rendezvous bat

I don't like the \way he looks at me ich mag es nicht, wie er mich anschaut

it's terrifying the \way prices have gone up in the last few months es ist beängstigend, wie die Preise in den letzten Monaten gestiegen sind

that's just the \way it is so ist das nun einmal

the \way things are going... so wie sich die Dinge entwickeln...

trust me, it's better that \way glaub mir, es ist besser so!

that's her \way of saying she's sorry das ist ihre Art zu sagen, dass es ihr leid tut fam

I did it my \way ich habe es gemacht, [so] wie ich es für richtig hielt

do it my \way mach es wie ich

this is definitely not the \way to do it so macht man das auf gar keinen Fall!

he looked at me in a sinister \way er sah mich finster an

she's got a funny \way of asking for help sie hat eine komische Art, einen um Hilfe zu bitten

he's got a very strange \way of behaving er benimmt sich schon ziemlich seltsam fam

you could tell by the \way he looked man konnte es schon an seinem Blick erkennen

that's no \way to speak to your boss! so redet man nicht mit seinem Vorgesetzten!

the \way he looked at me... so wie er mich angeschaut hat...

the \way we were wie wir einmal waren

it's always the \way! [or isn't it always the \way!] es ist doch echt immer dasselbe! fam

I wouldn't have it any other \way ich würde es nicht anders haben wollen

what a \way to talk! so etwas sagt man nicht!

what a \way to behave! so benimmt man sich nicht!

just leave it the \way it is, will you lass einfach alles so, wie es ist, ja?

to see the error of one's \ways seine Fehler einsehen

to be in the family \way in anderen Umständen sein euph

\way of life Lebensweise f

\way of thinking Denkweise f

to sb's \way of thinking jds Meinung nach

this \way so

come on, do it this \way! komm, mach es so! fam

that \way, I'll save a lot of money auf diese [Art und] Weise spare ich viel Geld

looking at it in that \way, I was lucky after all so gesehen hatte ich sogar noch Glück

in a big \way im großen Stil

in a small \way im kleinen Rahmen

he started off in a small \way er fing klein an

one \way or another so oder so

one \way or another, we've got to... so oder so, irgendwie müssen wir...

either \way so oder so

no \way auf keinen Fall

there's no \way to get me on this ship keine zehn Pferde kriegen mich auf dieses Schiff! fam

there's no \way I'll give in ich gebe auf gar keinen Fall nach!

no \way! ausgeschlossen!, kommt nicht in die Tüte! fam

to show sb the \way to do sth jdm zeigen, wie etw geht

9. (respect) Weise f, Hinsicht f

in a \way in gewisser Weise

in every [possible]\way in jeder Hinsicht

in many/some \ways in vielerlei/gewisser Hinsicht

in more \ways than one in mehr als nur einer Hinsicht

in no \way in keinster Weise

in which \ways does a zebra resemble a horse? worin ähnelt ein Zebra einem Pferd?

not in any \way in keiner Weise

10. no pl (free space) Weg m, Platz m

to be in sb's \way jdm im Weg sein a. fig

to block the way den Weg versperren

to get [or stand] in the \way of sth etw dat im Wege stehen; ( fig)

may nothing stand in the \way of your future happiness together! möge nichts eurem zukünftigen gemeinsamen Glück im Wege stehen!

she's determined to succeed and she won't let anything stand in her \way sie ist entschlossen, ihr Ziel zu erreichen, und wird sich durch nichts aufhalten lassen

to get out of sb's/sth's \way jdm/etw aus dem Weg gehen

can you put your stuff out of the \way, please? kannst du bitte deine Sachen woanders hintun?

to get sb/sth out of the \way jdn/etw loswerden

could you get this out of the \way, please? könntest du das bitte wegtun?

please get the children out of the \way while I... sorge bitte dafür, dass die Kinder nicht stören, während ich...

to give \way ( fig) nachgeben

to give \way to [or make \way for] sth etw dat [o für etw akk] Platz machen; ( fig) etw dat weichen

make \way! Platz da!

to keep [or stay] out of the \way wegbleiben

to keep [or stay] out of sb's \way jdm nicht in die Quere kommen

to make \way [for sb] [für jdn] Platz machen a. fig

to want sb out of the \way jdn aus dem Weg haben wollen

11. (method) Art f [und Weise]

by \way of an introduction to the subject,... als Einführung zum Thema...

my mother has a \way of knowing exactly what I need meine Mutter weiß irgendwie immer genau, was ich brauche

she just has a \way with her sie hat einfach so eine gewisse Art

there are \ways of making you talk, you know Sie werden schon noch Reden!

don't worry, we'll find a \way! keine Sorge, wir werden einen Weg finden!

\ways and means Mittel und Wege

with today's technology everybody has the \ways and means to produce professional-looking documents mit der heutigen Technologie hat jeder die Möglichkeit, professionell aussehende Dokumente zu erstellen

to have a \way with children gut mit Kindern umgehen können

12. (habit) Art f

over the years we've got used to his funny little \ways im Lauf der Jahre haben wir uns an seine kleinen Marotten gewöhnt

that's the \way of the world das ist nun mal der Lauf der Dinge

to fall into bad \ways in schlechte Angewohnheiten verfallen

to get into/out of the \way of doing sth sich dat etw an-/abgewöhnen

13. no pl (condition) Zustand m

to be in a bad \way in schlechter Verfassung sein

he's been in a bad \way ever since the operation seit der Operation geht's ihm schlecht

she's in a terrible \way sie ist in einer schrecklichen Verfassung

14. (desire)

to get [or have] one's [own] \way seinen Willen bekommen

if I had my \way, we'd eat fish every day wenn es nach mir ginge, würden wir jeden Tag Fisch essen

15. ( fam: something like)

he's by \way of being an artist er ist so 'ne Art Künstler fam

16. NAUT

to gather/lose \way Fahrt aufnehmen/verlieren

17. NAUT

▪ \ways pl Helling f

18.

▶ by the \way übrigens

and, by the \way, this wasn't the first time I... und das war, nebenbei bemerkt, nicht das erste Mal, dass ich...

▶ that's the \way the cookie crumbles ( saying) so ist das Leben [eben]

▶ to fall by the \way auf der Strecke bleiben

▶ to go the \way of all flesh den Weg allen Fleisches gehen geh

▶ to go all the \way [with sb] ( fam: have sex) es [mit jdm] richtig machen sl

▶ to have it/sth both \ways beides haben

you can't have it both \ways du kannst nicht beides haben

▶ the \way to a man's heart is through his stomach ( prov) [die] Liebe [des Mannes] geht durch den Magen prov

▶ to see/find out which \way the wind blows/is blowing ( fig) sehen/herausfinden, woher der Wind weht

▶ there are no two \ways about it daran gibt es keinen Zweifel

▶ where there's a will, there's a \way ( prov) wo ein Wille ist, ist auch ein Weg prov

II. ADVERB

1. ( fam: used for emphasis) weit

it would be \way better for you to... es wäre weit[aus] besser für dich,...

she spends \way too much money on clothes sie gibt viel zu viel Geld für Kleidung aus

you're \way out if you think... wenn du denkst, dass..., liegst du voll daneben!

to be \way down with one's guess mit seiner Schätzung völlig danebenliegen

\way back vor langer Zeit

\way back in the early twenties damals in den frühen Zwanzigern

to be \way past sb's bedtime ( fam) für jdn allerhöchste Zeit zum Schlafengehen sein

\way up in the sky weit oben am Himmel

2. (sl: very)

\way cool/hot total [o voll] cool/heiß fam

* * *
[weɪ]
1. NOUN

1) = road Weg m

across or over the way — gegenüber, vis-à-vis; (motion) rüber

Way of the Cross — Kreuzweg m

to fall by the way (fig) — auf der Strecke bleiben

2) = route Weg m

to ask the way — nach dem Weg fragen

you'll learn new skills along the way — Sie werden nebenbei auch neue Fertigkeiten erlernen

to go the wrong way — sich verlaufen; (in car) sich verfahren

to go down the wrong way (food, drink) — in die falsche Kehle kommen

there's no way out (fig) — es gibt keinen Ausweg

to find a way in — hineinfinden

the way up/down — der Weg nach oben/unten; (climbing) der Auf-/Abstieg

the way there/back — der Hin-/Rückweg

prices are on the way up/down — die Preise steigen/fallen

the way forward — der Weg vorwärts or in die Zukunft

by way of an answer/excuse — als Antwort/Entschuldigung

by way of illustration — zur Illustration

he's by way of being a painter (inf) — er ist eine Art Maler (inf)

the way to the station — der Weg zum Bahnhof

can you tell me the way to the town hall, please? — können Sie mir bitte sagen, wie ich zum Rathaus komme?

is it on the way? (place) (parcel etc) — liegt das auf dem Weg? ist es unterwegs?

the shop is on the/your way — der Laden liegt auf dem/deinem Weg

to stop on the way — unterwegs anhalten

on the way (here) — auf dem Weg (hierher)

on the way to London — auf dem Weg nach London

you pass it on your way home — du kommst auf deinem Nachhauseweg or Heimweg daran vorbei

they're on their way now — sie sind jetzt auf dem Weg or unterwegs

to go on one's way — sich auf den Weg machen

there's another baby on the way — da ist wieder ein Kind unterwegs

he's on the way to becoming an alcoholic — er ist dabei or auf dem besten Weg, Alkoholiker zu werden

she's well on the way to being a first-rate singer —

I haven't finished it yet but it's on the way — ich bin noch nicht damit fertig, aber es ist im Werden (inf)

if it is out of your way — wenn es ein Umweg für Sie ist

it took us out of our way — es war ein Umweg für uns

to go out of one's way to do sth (fig) — sich besonders anstrengen, um etw zu tun

please, don't go out of your way for us (fig) — machen Sie sich (dat) bitte unsertwegen keine Umstände

to get under way — in Gang kommen, losgehen (inf); (Naut) Fahrt aufnehmen or machen

to be (well) under way — im Gang/in vollem Gang sein; (Naut) in (voller) Fahrt sein; (with indication of place) unterwegs sein

the way in — der Eingang

on the way in — beim Hereingehen; (in car) beim Hineinfahren

to be on the way in (fig inf) — im Kommen sein

the way out — der Ausgang

please show me the way out — bitte zeigen Sie mir, wo es hinausgeht (inf) or wie ich hinauskomme

can you find your own way out? — finden Sie selbst hinaus?

on the way out — beim Hinausgehen; (in car) beim Hinausfahren

to be on the way out (fig inf) — am Verschwinden or Aussterben sein → easy

I know my way around the town —

she knows her way around the system (fig inf) — sie kennt sich im System aus

can you find your way home? — finden Sie nach Hause?

to lose/gather way (Naut) — Fahrt verlieren/aufnehmen

to make one's way to somewhere — sich an einen Ort or irgendwohin bewegen or begeben

can you make your own way to the restaurant? — kannst du allein zu dem Restaurant kommen?

to make one's way home — nach Hause gehen

to make/fight/push one's way through the crowd — sich einen Weg durch die Menge bahnen, sich durch die Menge (durch)drängen/-kämpfen/-schieben

to make one's way in the world — seinen Weg machen, sich durchsetzen

to go one's own way (fig) — eigene Wege gehen

they went their separate ways (lit, fig) — ihre Wege trennten sich

to pay one's way — für sich selbst bezahlen; (company, project, machine)

can the nation pay its way? — kann das Volk or Land für sich selber aufkommen?

to prepare the way (fig) — den Weg bereiten (for sb/sth jdm/einer Sache)

3) = path Weg m

to bar or block the way — den Weg ab- or versperren

to leave the way open (fig) — die Möglichkeit offenlassen, einen Weg frei lassen (for sth für etw)

to be in sb's way — jdm im Weg stehen or sein; (fig also) jdn stören

to get in the way — in den Weg kommen; (fig) stören

her job gets in the way of her leisure interests — ihr Beruf stört sie nur bei ihren Freizeitvergnügungen

to put difficulties in sb's way — jdm Hindernisse in den Weg stellen

to stand in sb's way (lit, fig) — jdm im Weg stehen or sein

don't let me stand in your way — ich will dir nicht im Weg stehen

he lets nothing stand in his way —

now nothing stands in our way — jetzt steht uns (dat) nichts mehr im Weg, jetzt haben wir freie Bahn

to stand in the way of progress — den Fortschritt aufhalten or hemmen

to put sb in the way of sth (inf) — jdm zu etw verhelfen

get out of the/my way! — (geh) aus dem Weg!, weg da!

to want sb out of the way — jdn aus dem Weg haben wollen

to get sth out of the way (work) — etw hinter sich (acc) bringen; difficulties, problems etc etw loswerden (inf), etw aus dem Weg räumen, etw beseitigen

to get sth out of the way of sb —

they got the children out of the way of the firemen — sie sorgten dafür, dass die Kinder den Feuerwehrleuten nicht im Weg waren

get those people out of the way of the trucks — sieh zu, dass die Leute den Lastwagen Platz machen or aus der Bahn gehen

keep or stay out of the way! — weg da!, zurück!

keep or stay out of my way! — komm mir nicht mehr über den Weg!

to keep sb/sth out of the way of sb — jdn/etw nicht in jds Nähe or Reichweite (acc) kommen lassen __diams; to make way for sb/sth (lit, fig) für jdn/etw Platz machen; (fig also)

make way! — mach Platz!, Platz machen!, Platz da!

4) = direction Richtung f

which way are you going? — in welche Richtung or wohin gehen Sie?

down our way (inf) — bei uns (in der Nähe), in unserer Gegend or Ecke (inf)

it's out Windsor way — es ist or liegt in Richtung Windsor

look both ways — schau nach beiden Seiten

to look the other way (fig) — wegschauen, wegsehen

if the chance comes your way — wenn Sie (dazu) die Gelegenheit haben

if a good job comes my way — wenn ein guter Job für mich auftaucht

each way, both ways (Racing) — auf Sieg und Platz

we'll split it three/ten ways — wir werden es dritteln/in zehn Teile (auf)teilen or durch zehn teilen

she didn't know which way to look (fig) — sie wusste nicht, wo sie hinschauen or hinsehen sollte

this way, please — hier(her) or hier entlang, bitte

look this way —

"this way for the lions" — "zu den Löwen"

he went that way — er ging dorthin or in diese Richtung __diams; this way and that hierhin und dorthin __diams; every which way

cars parked every which way — ungeordnet or durcheinander geparkte Autos

5)

= side it's the wrong way up — es steht verkehrt herum or auf dem Kopf (inf)

"this way up" — "hier oben"

it's the other way (a)round — es ist (genau) umgekehrt

put it the right way up/the other way (a)round — stellen Sie es richtig (herum) hin/andersherum or andersrum (inf) hin

6) = distance Weg m, Strecke f

five miles? that's quite a way! (inf) — fünf Meilen? das ist eine ganz schöne Strecke! (inf)

a little/good way away or off — nicht/sehr weit weg or entfernt, ein kleines/ganzes or gutes Stück weit weg or entfernt

it's only a little way to the next stop — es ist nur ein kleines Stück bis zur nächsten Haltestelle

it rained all the way there — es hat auf der ganzen Strecke geregnet

I'm behind you all the way (fig) — ich stehe voll (und ganz) hinter Ihnen

I haven't read it all the way through yet — ich habe es noch nicht ganz gelesen

that's a long way away — bis dahin ist es weit or (time) noch lange

a long way out of town — weit von der Stadt weg; (live also) weit draußen or außerhalb

that's a long way back —

a long way back, in 1942, when... — vor langer Zeit, im Jahre 1942, als...

he's come a long way since then (fig) — er hat sich seitdem sehr gebessert

he'll go a long way (fig) — er wird es weit bringen

to have a long way to go (lit, fit) — weit vom Ziel entfernt sein; (with work) bei Weitem nicht fertig sein

it should go a long way toward(s) solving the problem — das sollte or müsste bei dem Problem schon ein gutes Stück weiterhelfen

a little goes a long way — ein kleines bisschen reicht sehr lange

a little kindness goes a long way — ein bisschen Freundlichkeit hilft viel

that's a long way from the truth — das ist weit von der Wahrheit entfernt

better by a long way — bei Weitem or um vieles besser

not by a long way — bei Weitem nicht

7) = manner Art f, Weise f

I'd rather do it my way — ich möchte es lieber auf meine (eigene) Art or Weise machen

that's his way of saying thank you — das ist seine Art, sich zu bedanken

the French way of doing it — (die Art,) wie man es in Frankreich macht

a funny way of talking — eine komische Art zu reden

to learn the hard way — aus dem eigenen Schaden lernen

way of thinking — Denk(ungs)art f, Denkweise f

to my way of thinking —

to go on in the same old way — wie vorher weitermachen, auf die alte Tour weitermachen (inf)

in a general way this is true — ganz allgemein ist das richtig

what a way to talk! — so etwas sagt man nicht!

in a big way — im großen Stil

in a small way — in kleinem Ausmaß, im Kleinen __diams; one way or another/the other so oder so

it does not matter (to me) one way or the other — es macht (mir) so oder so nichts aus, es ist mir gleich __diams; either way

either way, we're bound to lose — (so oder so,) wir verlieren auf jeden Fall or auf alle Fälle

no way! — nichts drin! (inf), was? (inf), ausgeschlossen!

there's no way I'm going to agree/you'll persuade him — auf keinen Fall werde ich zustimmen/werden Sie ihn überreden können

there's no way that's a Porsche — ausgeschlossen, dass das ein Porsche ist

that's no way to speak to your mother — so spricht man nicht mit seiner Mutter

you can't have it both ways — du kannst nicht beides haben, beides (zugleich) geht nicht (inf)

he wants it both ways — er will das eine haben und das andere nicht lassen

this one is better, there are no two ways about it (inf) — dieses hier ist besser, da gibt es gar keinen Zweifel or das steht fest

do it this way it was this way... — machen Sie es so or auf diese (Art und) Weise es war so or folgendermaßen...

this way he need never know — auf diese Weise muss er es nie erfahren

I've always had a job, I've been lucky that way — ich hatte immer einen Job, in dieser Hinsicht habe ich Glück gehabt

the way she walks/talks — (so) wie sie geht/spricht

I don't like the way (that) he's looking at you —

do you understand the way things are developing? do you remember the way it was/we were? — verstehst du, wie sich die Dinge entwickeln? erinnerst du dich noch (daran), wie es war/wie wir damals waren?

that's not the way we do things here — so or auf die Art machen wir das hier nicht

you could tell by the way he was dressed —

it's just the way you said it — es ist die Art, wie du es gesagt hast

do it any way you like — machen Sie es, wie Sie wollen

that's the way it goes! — so ist das eben, so ist das nun mal!

the way things are — so, wie es ist or wie die Dinge liegen

the way things are going — so, wie die Dinge sich entwickeln

that's the way the money goes — so geht das Geld weg

it's not what you do, it's the way (that) you do it — es kommt nicht darauf an, was man macht, sondern wie man es macht = exactly as so, wie

leave everything the way it is — lass alles so, wie es ist

it was all the way you said it would be — es war alles so, wie du (es) gesagt hattest

do it the way I do (it) — machen Sie es so or auf dieselbe Art und Weise wie ich (es mache)

to show sb the way to do sth — jdm zeigen, wie or auf welche Art und Weise etw gemacht wird

show me the way to do it — zeig mir, wie (ich es machen soll)

that's not the right way to do it — so geht das nicht, so kann man das nicht machen

what's the best way to do it? — wie macht man das am besten?

there is only one way to speak to him — man kann mit ihm nur auf (die) eine Art und Weise reden __diams; ways and means Mittel und Wege pl

Ways and Means Committee (US) — Steuerausschuss m

8) = means Weg m

we'll find a way — wir werden (schon) einen Weg finden

love will find a way — die Liebe überwindet jedes Hindernis or alle Schwierigkeiten

9) = method, technique Art f

he has a way of knowing what I'm thinking — er hat eine Art zu wissen, was ich denke

we have ways of making you talk — wir haben gewisse Mittel, um Sie zum Reden zu bringen

there are many ways of solving the problem —

ha, that's one way of solving it! — ja, so kann man das auch machen!

the best way is to put it in the freezer for ten minutes — am besten legt man es für zehn Minuten ins Gefrierfach

he has a way with children — er versteht es, mit Kindern umzugehen, er hat eine geschickte Art (im Umgang) mit Kindern

he has a way with him — er hat so eine (gewisse) Art

10) = habit Art f

it is not/only his way to... — es ist nicht/eben seine Art, zu...

to get out of/into the way of doing sth — sich (dat) ab-/angewöhnen, etw zu tun

the ways of the Spaniards —

the ways of Providence/God — die Wege der Vorsehung/Gottes

the way of the world — der Lauf der Welt or der Dinge

that is our way with traitors — so machen wir das mit Verrätern

he has his little ways — er hat so seine Eigenheiten or Marotten (inf)

as is the way with... — wie das mit... so ist

way of life — Lebensstil m; (of nation) Lebensart f

11) = respect Hinsicht f

in a way — in gewisser Hinsicht or Weise

in no way — in keiner Weise

in many/some ways — in vieler/gewisser Hinsicht

in every possible way —

to be better in every possible way — in jeder Hinsicht besser sein

in more ways than one — in mehr als nur einer Hinsicht

what have you got in the way of drink/food? — was haben Sie an Getränken or zu trinken/an Lebensmitteln or zu essen?

12)

= desire to get or have one's (own) way —

our team had it all their own way in the second half — in der zweiten Halbzeit ging für unsere Mannschaft alles nach Wunsch

have it your own way! — wie du willst!

13) = state Zustand m

he's in a bad way — er ist in schlechter Verfassung

things are in a bad way — die Dinge stehen schlecht

2. PLURAL NOUN
(NAUT = slipway) Helling f, Ablaufbahn f
3. ADVERB
(inf)
way over/up — weit drüben/oben

it's way too big — das ist viel zu groß

way hip (US) — total hip (inf)

way back when — vor langer Zeit, als

since way back — seit Urzeiten

that was way back — das ist schon lange her, das war schon vor langer Zeit

he was way out with his guess — er hatte weit daneben- or vorbeigeraten, er hatte weit gefehlt or er lag weit daneben (inf) mit seiner Annahme

his guess was way out — seine Annahme war weit gefehlt

you're way out if you think... — da liegst du aber schief (inf) or da hast du dich aber gewaltig geirrt, wenn du glaubst,...

* * *

way¹ [weı] s

1. Weg m:

way back Rückweg;

on the way back from auf dem Rückweg von;

way home Heimweg;

way through Durchreise f, -fahrt f;

the way of the cross REL der Kreuzweg;

ways and means

a) Mittel und Wege,

b) besonders POL (finanzielle) Mittel, Geldbeschaffung(smaßnahmen) f;

ask the ( oder one’s) way nach dem Weg fragen;

lose one’s way sich verlaufen oder verirren;

send sb on their way (Fußball) jemanden schicken;

take one’s way sich aufmachen (to nach); → committee 1, find B 3, know A 3

2. Straße f, Weg m:

over ( oder across) the way gegenüber

3. fig Gang m, Lauf m:

that is the way of the world das ist der Lauf der Welt; → flesh A 5

4. Richtung f, Seite f:

which way is he looking? wohin schaut er?;

look the other way wegschauen;

this way

a) hierher,

b) hier entlang ( → 9);

the other way round umgekehrt

5. Weg m, Entfernung f, Strecke f:

a good way off ziemlich weit entfernt;

a long way off ( oder from here) weit (von hier) entfernt;

Easter is still a long way off bis Ostern ist es noch lang;

a long way up weit oder hoch hinauf;

a little (long, good) way ein kleines (weites, gutes) Stück Wegs;

a long way off perfection alles andere als vollkommen;

go a long way back fig (weit) ausholen

6. (freie) Bahn, Raum m, Platz m:

be ( oder stand) in sb’s way jemandem im Weg sein oder stehen (a. fig);

give way

a) (zurück)weichen,

b) nachgeben (to dat) (Person od Sache),

c) sich hingeben ( to despair der Verzweiflung);

give way to a car AUTO einem Auto die Vorfahrt lassen;

out of the way! aus dem Weg!

7. Weg m, Durchgang m, Öffnung f:

way of a cock TECH Hahnbohrung f

8. Vorwärtskommen n:

make way besonders SCHIFF vorwärtskommen

9. Art f und Weise f, Weg m, Methode f, Verfahren n:

any way auf jede oder irgendeine Art;

any way you please ganz wie Sie wollen;

in a big (small) way im Großen (Kleinen);

one way or another irgendwie, auf irgendeine (Art und) Weise;

in more ways than one in mehr als einer Beziehung;

some way or other auf die eine oder andere Weise, irgendwie;

way of living (speaking, thinking) Lebensweise (Sprechweise, Denkweise, -art);

to my way of thinking nach meiner Meinung;

the right (wrong) way (to do it) richtig (falsch);

the same way genauso;

the way he does it so wie er es macht;

the way I am feeling so wie ich mich im Moment fühle;

I like the way she laughs ich mag ihr Lachen;

the way I see it nach meiner Einschätzung;

this ( oder that) way so ( → 4);

that’s the way to do it so macht man das;

if that’s the way you feel about it wenn Sie so darüber denken;

in a polite (friendly) way höflich (freundlich);

in its way auf seine Art;

in what ( oder which) way? inwiefern?, wieso?; → each A

10. Gewohnheit f, Brauch m, Sitte f:

the good old ways die guten alten Bräuche

11. Eigenheit f, -art f:

funny ways komische Manieren;

it is not his way es ist nicht seine Art oder Gewohnheit;

she has a winning way sie hat eine gewinnende Art;

that’s always the way with him so macht er es oder geht es ihm immer

12. (Aus)Weg m:

find a way

13. Hinsicht f, Beziehung f:

in a way in gewisser Hinsicht, irgendwie;

in every way in jeder Hinsicht oder Beziehung;

in one way in einer Beziehung;

in some ways in mancher Hinsicht;

in the way of food was Essen anbelangt, an Lebensmitteln

14. ( besonders Gesundheits)Zustand m, Lage f, Verfassung f:

in a bad way in einer schlimmen Lage oder Verfassung;

live in a great (small) way auf großem Fuß (in kleinen Verhältnissen oder sehr bescheiden) leben

15. Berufszweig m, Fach n:

it is not in his way, it does not fall in his way das schlägt nicht in sein Fach;

he is in the oil way er ist im Ölhandel (beschäftigt)

16. umg Umgebung f, Gegend f:

somewhere London way irgendwo in der Gegend von London

17. the Way BIBEL der Weg (die christliche Religion)

18. pl TECH Führungen pl (bei Maschinen)

19. SCHIFF Fahrt(geschwindigkeit) f: → gather A 5

20. pl Schiffsbau:

a) Helling f

b) Stapelblöcke plBesondere Redewendungen: by the way

a) im Vorbeigehen, unterwegs,

b) am Weg(esrand), an der Straße,

c) fig übrigens, nebenbei (bemerkt),

d) zufällig but that’s by the way aber dies nur nebenbei;

by way of

a) (auf dem Weg) über (akk), durch,

b) fig in der Absicht zu, um zu,

c) als Entschuldigung etc, anstelle von (od gen) by way of example beispielsweise;

by way of exchange auf dem Tauschwege;

by way of grace JUR auf dem Gnadenweg;

be by way of being angry im Begriff sein, wütend zu werden;

be by way of doing sth

a) dabei sein, etwas zu tun,

b) pflegen oder es gewohnt sein oder die Aufgabe haben, etwas zu tun not by a long way noch lange nicht;

in the way of

a) auf dem Weg oder dabei zu,

b) hinsichtlich (gen) in the way of business auf dem üblichen Geschäftsweg;

no way! umg auf (gar) keinen Fall!, kommt überhaupt nicht infrage!;

no way can we accept that das können wir auf gar keinen Fall akzeptieren;

on the ( oder one’s) way unterwegs, auf dem Weg;

die on one’s way to hospital auf dem Weg ins Krankenhaus sterben;

on the way to victory auf der Siegesstraße;

be on the way sich andeuten;

well on one’s way in vollem Gange, schon weit vorangekommen (a. fig);

out of the way

a) abgelegen, abseits, abgeschieden,

b) ungewöhnlich, ausgefallen,

c) übertrieben, abwegig nothing out of the way nichts Besonderes oder Ungewöhnliches;

under way

a) SCHIFF in Fahrt,

b) fig im Gange, in Gang the meeting was already under way die Konferenz war schon im Gange;

get sth under way etwas in Gang bringen;

be in a fair way auf dem besten Wege sein;

come in sb’s way jemandem über den Weg laufen;

find its way into Eingang finden in (akk);

force one’s way sich einen Weg bahnen;

go sb’s way

a) den gleichen Weg gehen wie jemand,

b) jemanden begleiten go one’s way(s) seinen Weg gehen, fig seinen Lauf nehmen;

go out of one’s way große Mühen oder Unannehmlichkeiten auf sich nehmen ( to do zu tun);

go the whole way fig ganze Arbeit leisten;

have a way with sb mit jemandem gut zurechtkommen, gut umgehen können mit jemandem;

he’s got a way with words er ist sehr wortgewandt;

have one’s (own) way seinen Kopf oder Willen durchsetzen;

if I had my (own) way wenn es nach mir ginge;

learn the hard way Lehrgeld zahlen (müssen);

make way

a) Platz machen,

b) vorwärtskommen they made way for the ambulance to pass sie machten dem Krankenwagen Platz;

make one’s way sich durchsetzen, seinen Weg machen;

put sb in the way (of doing sth) jemandem die Möglichkeit geben(, etwas zu tun);

put out of the way aus dem Weg räumen (auch töten);

put o.s. out of the way große Mühen oder Unannehmlichkeiten auf sich nehmen ( to do zu tun);

see one’s way to do sth eine Möglichkeit sehen, etwas zu tun;

work one’s way up sich hocharbeiten; → both A, mend A 2, pave, pay¹ B 1

way² [weı] adv weit oben, unten etc:

way back weit entfernt oder hinten oder zurück;

way back in 1902 (schon) damals im Jahre 1902;

we’re friends from way back wir sind uralte Freunde;

way down South weit unten im Süden;

this is way off his personal best SPORT das ist weit entfernt von seiner persönlichen Bestleistung;

you are way off with your remark du liegst mit deiner Bemerkung völlig daneben

* * *
1. noun
1) (road etc., lit. or fig.) Weg, der

across or over the way — gegenüber

2) (route) Weg, der

ask the or one's way — nach dem Weg fragen

ask the way to... — fragen od. sich erkundigen, wo es nach... geht

pick one's way — sich (Dat.) einen Weg suchen

lead the way — vorausgehen; (fig.): (show how to do something) es vormachen

find the or one's way in/out — den Eingang/Ausgang finden

find a way out — (fig.) einen Ausweg finden

I'll take the letter to the post office - it's on my way — ich bringe den Brief zur Post - sie liegt auf meinem Weg

‘Way In/Out’ — "Ein-/Ausgang"

go to Italy by way of Switzerland — über die Schweiz nach Italien fahren

there's no way out — (fig.) es gibt keinen Ausweg

the way back/down/up — der Weg zurück/nach unten/nach oben

go one's own way/their separate ways — (fig.) eigene/getrennte Wege gehen

be going somebody's way — (coll.) denselben Weg wie jemand haben

things are really going my way at the moment — (fig.) im Moment läuft [bei mir] alles so, wie ich es mir vorgestellt habe

money came his way — er kam zu Geld

many offers came his way — er kriegte viele Angebote

go out of one's way to collect something for somebody — einen Umweg machen, um etwas für jemanden abzuholen

go out of one's way to be helpful — sich (Dat.) besondere Mühe geben, hilfsbereit zu sein

out of the way — abgelegen

3) (method) Art und Weise, die

there is a right way and a wrong way of doing it — es gibt einen richtigen und einen falschen Weg, es zu tun

that is not the way to do it — so macht man das nicht

do it this way — mach es so

do it my way — mach es wie ich

I don't like the way she smiles — mir gefällt ihr Lächeln nicht

that's no way to speak to a lady — so spricht man nicht mit einer Dame

he has a strange way of talking — er hat eine seltsame Sprechweise od. Art zu sprechen

from or by the way [that] she looked at me, I knew that there was something wrong — an ihrem Blick konnte ich erkennen, dass etwas nicht stimmte

find a or some way of doing something — einen Weg finden, etwas zu tun

there are no two ways about it — da gibt es gar keinen Zweifel

Are you going to give me that money? - No way! — (coll.) Gibst du mir das Geld? - Nichts da! (ugs.)

there was no way he would change his stand — er würde auf gar keinen Fall seinen Standpunkt ändern

no way is he coming with us — es kommt überhaupt nicht in Frage, dass er mit uns kommt

one way or another — irgendwie

ways and means [to do something or of doing something] — Mittel und Wege, etwas zu tun

be built or made that way — (fig. coll.) so gestrickt sein (fig. ugs.)

be that way — (coll.) so sein

better that way — besser so

either way — so oder so

4) (desired course of action) Wille, der

get or have one's [own] way, have it one's [own] way — seinen Willen kriegen

all right, have it your own way[, then]! — na gut od. schön, du sollst deinen Willen haben!

5) in sing. or (Amer. coll.) pl. (distance between two points) Stück, das

a little way — ein kleines Stück[chen]; (fig.) ein klein[es] bisschen

it's a long way off or a long way from here — es ist ein ganzes Stück von hier aus; es ist weit weg von hier

the summer holidays are only a little way away — bis zu den Sommerferien ist es nicht mehr lange

there's [still] some way to go yet — es ist noch ein ganzes Stück; (fig.) es dauert noch ein Weilchen

I went a little/a long/some way to meet him — ich bin ihm ein kleines/ganzes/ziemliches Stück entgegengegangen/-gefahren usw., um mich mit ihm zu treffen; (fig.) ich bin ihm etwas/sehr/ziemlich entgegengekommen

have gone/come a long way — (fig.) es weit gebracht haben

go a long way toward something/doing something — viel zu etwas beitragen/viel dazu beitragen, etwas zu tun

a little kindness goes a long way — ein bisschen Freundlichkeit ist viel wert od. hilft viel

all the way — den ganzen Weg

go all the way [with somebody] — (fig.) [jemandem] in jeder Hinsicht zustimmen; (coll.): (have full sexual intercourse) es [mit jemandem] richtig machen (salopp)

6) (room for progress) Weg, der

block the way — den Weg versperren

leave the way open for something — (fig.) etwas möglich machen

clear the way [for something] — (lit. or fig.) [einer Sache (Dat.)] den Weg freimachen

be in somebody's or the way — [jemandem] im Weg sein

get in somebody's way — (lit. or fig.) jemandem im Wege stehen

put difficulties/obstacles in somebody's way — (fig.) jemandem Schwierigkeiten bereiten/Hindernisse in den Weg legen

make way for something — für etwas Platz schaffen od. (fig.) machen

make way! — Platz da!

[get] out of the/my way! — [geh] aus dem Weg!

Move one's car out of the way — seinen Wagen aus dem Weg fahren

get something out of the way — (settle something) etwas erledigen

7) (journey)

on his way to the office/London — auf dem Weg ins Büro/nach London

on the way out to Singapore — auf dem Hinweg/der Hinfahrt/dem Hinflug nach Singapur

on the way back from Nigeria — auf dem Rückweg/der Rückfahrt/dem Rückflug von Nigeria

she is just on the or her way in/out — sie kommt/geht gerade

be on the way out — (fig. coll.) (be losing popularity) passee sein (ugs.); (be reaching end of life) [Hund, Auto, Person:] es nicht mehr lange machen (ugs.)

we stopped on the way to have lunch — wir hielten unterwegs zum Mittagessen an

on her way home — auf dem Nachhauseweg

they're on their way — sie sind unterwegs

on the way there — auf dem Hinweg

[be] on your way! — nun geh schon!

By the way — übrigens

all this is by the way — das alles nur nebenbei

8) (specific direction) Richtung, die

she went this/that/the other way — sie ist in diese/die/die andere Richtung gegangen

look this way, please — sieh/seht bitte hierher!

He wouldn't look my way — er hat nicht zu mir herübergesehen

I will call next time I'm [down] your way — wenn ich das nächste Mal in deiner Gegend bin, komme ich [bei dir] vorbei

look the other way — (lit. or fig.) weggucken

the other way about or round — andersherum

this/which way round — so/wie herum

stand something the right/wrong way up — etwas richtig/falsch herum stellen

turn something the right way round — etwas richtig herum drehen

‘this way up’ — "hier oben"

9) (advance) Weg, der

fight/push etc. one's way through — sich durchkämpfen/-drängen

be under way — [Person:] aufgebrochen sein; [Fahrzeug:] abgefahren sein; (fig.): (be in progress) [Besprechung, Verhandlung, Tagung:] im Gange sein

get something under way — (fig.) etwas in Gang bringen

get under way — wegkommen

make one's way to Oxford/the station — nach Oxford/zum Bahnhof gehen/fahren

Do you need a lift? - No, I'll make my own way — Soll ich dich mitnehmen? - Nein, ich komme alleine

make one's [own] way in the world — seinen Weg gehen (fig.)

make or pay its way — ohne Verlust arbeiten

pay one's way — für sich selbst aufkommen

10) (respect) Hinsicht, die

in [exactly] the same way — [ganz] genauso

in some ways — in gewisser Hinsicht

in one way — auf eine Art

not in any way — in keiner Weise

in every way — in jeder Hinsicht

in a way — auf eine Art

in more ways than one — auf mehr als eine Art

in no way — auf keinen Fall; durchaus nicht

11) (state) Verfassung, die

in a bad way — schlecht

they are in a very bad way — es geht ihnen sehr schlecht

either way — so oder so

in a small way — in bescheidenem Rahmen

by way of — (as a kind of) als; (for the purpose of) um … zu

by way of illustration / greeting / apology / introduction — zur Illustration / Begrüßung / Entschuldigung/Einführung

12) (custom) Art, die

get into/out of the way of doing something — sich (Dat.) etwas an-/abgewöhnen

he has a way of leaving his bills unpaid — es ist so seine Art, seine Rechnungen nicht zu bezahlen

in its way — auf seine/ihre Art

way of life — Lebensstil, der

change one's ways — sich ändern

way of thinking — Denkungsart, die

to my way of thinking — meiner Meinung nach

13) (normal course of events)

be the way — so od. üblich sein

that is always the way — das ist immer so

14) (ability to charm somebody or attain one's object)

he has a way with him — er hat so eine Art

she has a way with children/animals — sie kann mit Kindern/Tieren gut umgehen

15) (specific manner) Eigenart, die

fall into bad ways — schlechte [An]gewohnheiten annehmen

16) (ordinary course) Rahmen, der

17) in pl. (parts) Teile

split something three ways — etwas in drei Teile teilen
2. adverb
weit

way off/ahead/above — weit weg von/weit voraus/weit über

way back — (coll.) vor langer Zeit

way back in the early fifties/before the war — vor langer Zeit, Anfang der fünfziger Jahre/vor dem Krieg

way up in the clouds — hoch oben in den Wolken

he was way out with his guess, his guess was way out — er lag mit seiner Schätzung gewaltig daneben

way down south/in the valley — tief [unten] im Süden/Tal

* * *

(of doing something) n.

Manier -en f. n.

Art und Weise f.

Bahn -en f.

Gang ¨-e m.

Straße -n f.

Strecke -n f.

Weg -e m.

Weise -n f.

English-german dictionary > way
22 catch

1. transitive verb,
caught

1) (capture) fangen; (lay hold of) fassen; packen

catch somebody by the arm — jemanden am Arm packen od. fassen

catch hold of somebody/something — jemanden/etwas festhalten; (to stop oneself falling) sich an jemandem/etwas festhalten

2) (intercept motion of) auffangen; fangen [Ball]

catch a thread — einen Faden vernähen

get something caught or catch something on/in something — mit etwas an/in etwas (Dat.) hängen bleiben

I got my finger caught or caught my finger in the door — ich habe mir den Finger in der Tür eingeklemmt

get caught on/in something — an/in etwas (Dat.) hängen bleiben

3) (travel by) nehmen; (manage to see) sehen; (be in time for) [noch] erreichen; [noch] kriegen (ugs.) [Bus, Zug]; [noch] erwischen (ugs.) [Person]

did you catch her in? — hast du sie zu Hause erwischt? (ugs.)

4) (surprise)

catch somebody at/doing something — jemanden bei etwas erwischen (ugs.) /[dabei] erwischen, wie er etwas tut (ugs.)

caught in a thunderstorm — vom Sturm überrascht

I caught myself thinking how... — ich ertappte mich bei dem Gedanken, wie...

5) (become infected with, receive) sich (Dat.) zuziehen od. (ugs.) holen

catch something from somebody — sich bei jemandem mit etwas anstecken

catch [a] cold — sich erkälten/sich (Dat.) einen Schnupfen holen; (fig.) übel dran sein

catch it — (fig. coll.) etwas kriegen (ugs.)

you'll catch it from me — du kannst von mir was erleben (ugs.)

6) (arrest)

catch somebody's attention — jemandes Aufmerksamkeit erregen

catch somebody's fancy — jemandem gefallen; jemanden ansprechen

catch the Speaker's eye — (Parl.) das Wort erhalten

catch somebody's eye — jemandem auffallen; [Gegenstand:] jemandem ins Auge fallen; (be impossible to overlook) jemandem ins Auge springen

7) (hit)

catch somebody on/in something — jemanden auf/in etwas (Akk.) treffen

catch somebody a blow [on/in something] — jemandem einen Schlag [auf/in etwas (Akk.)] versetzen

8) (grasp in thought) verstehen; mitbekommen

did you catch his meaning? — hast du verstanden od. mitbekommen, was er meint?

9) see academic.ru/11419/catch_out">catch out 1)
2. intransitive verb,
caught

1) (begin to burn) [anfangen zu] brennen

2) (become fixed) hängen bleiben; [Haar, Faden:] sich verfangen

my coat caught on a nail — ich blieb mit meinem Mantel an einem Nagel hängen
3. noun
1) (of ball)

make [several] good catches — [mehrmals] gut fangen

2) (amount caught, lit. or fig.) Fang, der

3) (trick, difficulty) Haken, der (in an + Dat.)

the catch is that... — der Haken an der Sache ist, dass...

it's catch-22 — (coll.) es ist ein Teufelskreis

4) (fastener) Verschluss, der; (of door) Schnapper, der

5) (Cricket etc.) ≈ Fang, der; Abfangen des Balles, das den Schlagmann aus dem Spiel bringt

6) (catcher)

he is a good catch — er kann gut fangen

Phrasal Verbs:

- catch on

- catch out

- catch up

* * *
[kæ ] 1. past tense, past participle - caught; verb
1) (to stop and hold (something which is moving); to capture: He caught the cricket ball; The cat caught a mouse; Did you catch any fish?; I tried to catch his attention.) fangen

2) (to be in time for, or get on (a train, bus etc): I'll have to catch the 9.45 (train) to London.) erreichen

3) (to surprise (someone) in the act of: I caught him stealing (my vegetables).) ertappen

4) (to become infected with (a disease or illness): He caught flu.) sich holen

5) (to (cause to) become accidentally attached or held: The child caught her fingers in the car door.) einklemmen

6) (to hit: The punch caught him on the chin.) treffen

7) (to manage to hear: Did you catch what she said?) mitkriegen

8) (to start burning: I dropped a match on the pile of wood and it caught (fire) immediately.) Feuer fangen
2. noun
1) (an act of catching: He took a fine catch behind the wicket.) das Fangen

2) (a small device for holding (a door etc) in place: The catch on my suitcase is broken.) der Griff

3) (the total amount (of eg fish) caught: the largest catch of mackerel this year.) der Fang

4) (a trick or problem: There's a catch in this question.) der Haken

•

- catching
- catchy
- catch-phrase
- catch-word
- catch someone's eye
- catch on
- catch out
- catch up
* * *

catch

[kætʃ]

I. n

<pl -es>

1. (ball) Fang m

good \catch! — thanks, that was an easy \catch gut gefangen! — danke, das war leicht zu fangen

to make/take a good \catch gut fangen

to miss a \catch den Ball nicht fangen

he's missed three easy \catches; if he misses another \catch, he's out! er hat drei leichte Bälle nicht gefangen, wenn er nochmal nicht fängt, ist er draußen

2. (fish) Fang m kein pl

3. (fastener) Verschluss m; (bolt) Riegel m; (hook) Haken m

window \catch Fensterverriegelung f

all the window \catches were tightly closed alle Fenster waren fest verschlossen

4. no pl ( fam: partner) [guter] Fang fam; (for marriage also) gute Partie

her new boyfriend is not much of a \catch mit ihrem neuen Freund hat sie keinen besonders guten Fang gemacht fam

she made quite a \catch sie hat einen guten Fang gemacht fam; (in marriage also) sie hat eine gute Partie gemacht

5. no pl (trick) Haken m fam

what's the \catch? wo ist der Haken [an der Sache]? fam

there has to be a \catch in it [or somewhere] da muss irgendwo irgendwo ein Haken sein fam

6. no pl (in the voice) Stocken nt

with a \catch in one's voice mit stockender Stimme

7. no pl (game) Fangen nt

the kids were running around playing \catch die Kinder rannten herum und spielten Fangen

8. (fragment) Bruchstück nt

I only got some \catches of their conversation ich bekam nur einige Gesprächsfetzen von ihnen mit

II. vt

<caught, caught>

1. (intercept)

▪ to \catch sth etw fangen; dropped object also etw auffangen

▪ to \catch sb jdn [o jds Fall] auffangen

2. (grab)

to \catch sb by the arm/hand jdn am Arm/bei der Hand fassen

▪ to \catch sth etw ergreifen; (with difficulty) etw zu fassen bekommen

to \catch sb's arm/hand jds Arm/Hand ergreifen

to \catch hold of sth etw zu fassen bekommen

3. (capture)

▪ to \catch sb jdn ergreifen; (arrest) jdn festnehmen

▪ to \catch an animal ein Tier fangen; escaped animal ein Tier einfangen; ( fig)

the virus was caught in time das Virus wurde rechtzeitig erkannt

4. (surprise, get hold of)

▪ to \catch sb jdn erwischen fam

he was caught with 10 kg of heroin er wurde mit 10 kg Heroin erwischt fam

you won't \catch her at work after four o'clock nach vier wirst du sie kaum noch bei der Arbeit antreffen [o fam erwischen]

you caught me at a bad time Sie haben einen schlechten Zeitpunkt erwischt fam

have I caught you at a bad time? komme ich ungelegen?

you won't \catch me in that shop! in dem Laden wirst du mich niemals finden

to \catch sb in the act jdn auf frischer Tat ertappen

caught in the act! auf frischer Tat ertappt!

ah, caught you! ah, hab ich dich erwischt! fam

to be caught in a thunderstorm von einem Gewitter überrascht werden

to \catch sb red-handed jdn auf frischer Tat ertappen

▪ to \catch sb/oneself doing sth jdn/sich bei etw dat ertappen [o fam erwischen]

you won't \catch me falling for that trick ( fam) auf den Trick falle ich im Leben nicht herein fam

I even caught myself feeling sorry for the thief zuletzt ertappte ich mich sogar dabei, dass [o wie] mir der Dieb auch noch leid tat

5. (meet)

▪ to \catch sb jdn treffen

I'll \catch you later bis später

6.

▪ to \catch sth (contract) sich dat etw einfangen; ( fig: be influenced by) sich akk von etw dat anstecken lassen

to \catch a cold sich akk erkälten

to \catch one's death [of cold] ( fam) sich dat den Tod holen

▪ to \catch sth from sb sich akk bei jdm mit etw dat anstecken

7. SPORT (in baseball, cricket)

▪ to \catch sb jdn durch Abfangen des Balls ausscheiden lassen

he was caught by Jones er schied durch Jones aus

8.

▪ to \catch sth in sth (trap) etw in etw akk einklemmen; (entangle) mit etw dat in etw dat hängen bleiben

he caught his foot in the rope sein Fuß verfing sich im Seil

she caught her hair in the bushes ihre Haare verhedderten sich im Gesträuch

I caught my hand in the door ich habe mir die Hand in der Tür eingeklemmt

▪ to get caught [in sth] sich akk [in etw dat] verfangen

▪ to get caught on sth an etw dat hängen bleiben

9. usu passive ( fig: become involved)

▪ to get caught in sth in etw akk verwickelt werden; (be trapped)

to be caught in the crossfire ins Kreuzfeuer geraten; ( fig) zwischen zwei Lager geraten

to be caught between two things/people zwischen zwei Dingen/Menschen hin und her gerissen sein

she's caught between taking the job or travelling around the world sie ist [innerlich] hin und her gerissen, ob sie die Stelle annehmen oder um die Welt reisen soll

10.

to \catch the bus/train (take) den Bus/Zug nehmen; (be on time) den Bus/Zug kriegen [o SCHWEIZ, ÖSTERR erwischen] fam

11. (collect)

▪ to \catch sth etw sammeln; (liquid) etw auffangen

12. (depict)

▪ to \catch sth mood, atmosphere etw festhalten [o einfangen

13. (attract)

to \catch sb's attention [or eye] jds Aufmerksamkeit erregen

to \catch sb's fancy jdm gefallen

to \catch the imagination die Fantasie anregen [o geh beflügeln]

to \catch sb's interest jds Interesse wecken

14. usu AM (be in time for)

▪ to \catch sth etw nicht verpassen dat

we rushed to \catch the show wir beeilten uns, um die Show nicht zu verpassen

to \catch the post [or AM mail] noch rechtzeitig zur Post kommen

finish the letter so we can \catch the post schreib den Brief fertig, damit er noch mit der Post wegkommt

15. (get)

to \catch the light das Licht einfangen geh

the necklace caught the light die Kette reflektiert das Licht

to \catch a few [or some] rays ( fam) sich akk ein bisschen die Sonne auf den Bauch scheinen lassen fam

to \catch the sun ( fam) place viel Sonnenlicht [ab]bekommen; person: get a suntan braun werden; (get sunburn) einen [leichten] Sonnenbrand bekommen

16. (notice)

▪ to \catch sth etw bemerken; (see)

to \catch sight [or a glimpse] of sb/sth etw [kurz] sehen; (by chance) etw [zufällig] sehen

17. (hear) etw mitbekommen [o fam mitkriegen]; (grasp the meaning of)

▪ to \catch sth etw erfassen

18. (hit)

to \catch sb on the arm/chin jdn am Arm/Kinn treffen

he was caught on the chin with a left hook er wurde von einem linken Haken am Kinn getroffen

to \catch sb a blow ( dated) jdm eine verpassen fam

to \catch sb a blow in the stomach jdm einen Schlag in die Magengrube versetzen

19. (bump)

▪ to \catch sth on sth mit etw dat auf etw akk o dat aufschlagen

she caught her head on the mantelpiece sie schlug mit dem Kopf auf den [o dem] Kaminsims auf

20. (bump into)

▪ to \catch sth auf etw akk o dat aufschlagen

his head caught the edge of the table er schlug mit dem Kopf auf die [o der] Tischkante auf

21. (burn)

to \catch fire [or light] Feuer fangen

22.

▶ to \catch one's breath nach Luft schnappen; (stop breathing) die Luft anhalten; (breath normally again) verschnaufen

▶ to \catch a crab SPORT einen Krebs fangen fachspr

▶ to \catch hell [or the devil] ( fam) in Teufels Küche kommen fam

▶ to \catch it ( fam) Ärger kriegen fam

Joe really caught it from Sam Sam hat's Joe mal so richtig gegeben fam

▶ to \catch sb napping ( fam) jdn auf dem falschen Fuß erwischen fam

▶ to be [or get] caught short BRIT ( fam) mal müssen fam

▶ to \catch sb with their trousers [or AM pants] down ( fam) jdn in flagranti ertappen

III. vi

<caught, caught>

1. BRIT, AUS (grab)

▪ to \catch at sth nach etw dat greifen

to \catch at sb's sleeve jdn am Ärmel zupfen

2. (entangle) sich in etw dat verfangen

my foot caught in the rope mein Fuß verfing sich im Seil

▪ to \catch on sth an etw dat hängen bleiben

careful, your jumper has caught on a nail! pass auf, du bist mit deinem Pulli an einem Nagel hängen geblieben!

3. (ignite) Feuer fangen; engine zünden fachspr

* * *
[ktʃ] vb: pret, ptp caught
1. n

1)

(of ball etc) to make a (good) catch — (gut) fangen

good catch! — gut gefangen!

it was a difficult catch — das war schwer zu fangen

he missed an easy catch — er hat einen leichten Ball nicht gefangen

2) (FISHING, HUNT) Fang m; (of trawler etc also) Fischzug m

he didn't get a catch — er hat nichts gefangen

he's a good catch (fig inf) — er ist ein guter Fang; (for marriage also) er ist eine gute Partie

3) (= children's game) Fangen nt

4) (= trick, snag) Haken m

where's the catch? — wo liegt or ist (da) der Haken?

there's a catch in it somewhere! — die Sache hat irgendwo einen Haken, da ist irgendwo ein Haken dabei

catch question — Fangfrage f

5) (= device for fastening) Verschluss(vorrichtung f) m; (= hook) Haken m; (= latch) Riegel m

6) (= break in voice) Stocken nt

with a catch in one's voice — mit stockender Stimme

7) (MUS) Kanon für Singstimmen mit heiter-komischem Text

8) (= fragment) Bruchstück nt

2. vt

1) object fangen; batsman durch Abfangen des Balls ausscheiden lassen

2) fish, mice fangen; thief, offender fassen, schnappen (inf), erwischen (inf); escaped animal (ein)fangen; (inf = manage to see) erwischen (inf)

to catch sb's arm, to catch sb by the arm —

she held it up to catch the light — sie hielt es gegen das Licht

glass which catches the light — Glas, in dem sich das Licht spiegelt

to catch sight/a glimpse of sb/sth — jdn/etw erblicken or zu sehen kriegen (inf)

to catch sb's attention/eye — jdn auf sich (acc) aufmerksam machen

to be caught between two people/alternatives —

he was caught between envy and admiration — er war zwischen Neid und Bewunderung hin und her gerissen

3) (= take by surprise) erwischen, ertappen

to catch sb at sth — jdn bei etw erwischen

to catch sb by surprise — jdn überraschen

to be caught unprepared — nicht darauf vorbereitet sein

to catch sb at a bad time — jdm ungelegen kommen

I caught him flirting with my wife — ich habe ihn (dabei) erwischt, wie er mit meiner Frau flirtete

I caught myself feeling sorry for him — ich habe mich dabei ertappt, dass er mir leidtat

you won't catch me signing any contract (inf) — ich unterschreibe doch keinen Vertrag

you won't catch me in that restaurant (inf) —

(you won't) catch me doing that again! (inf) you won't catch me falling for that trick again (inf) aha, caught you (with question) — das mache ich bestimmt nicht wieder! auf den Trick falle ich nicht noch einmal herein hab ich dich doch erwischt (inf) ha ha, reingefallen (inf)

caught in the act — auf frischer Tat ertappt; (sexually) in flagranti erwischt

we were caught in a storm — wir wurden von einem Unwetter überrascht

to catch sb on the wrong foot or off balance (fig) — jdn überrumpeln

4) (= take) bus, train etc nehmen

5) (= be in time for) train, bus erreichen, kriegen (inf)

can I still catch the post? — kommt der Brief noch mit?

if you want to catch the 4 o'clock post... — wenn das mit der Vieruhrleerung mitsoll...

if I hurry I'll catch the end of the film — wenn ich mich beeile kriege ich das Ende des Films noch mit (inf)

6) (= become entangled) hängen bleiben mit

a nail caught her dress — ihr Kleid blieb an einem Nagel hängen

I caught my finger in the car door — ich habe mir den Finger in der Wagentür eingeklemmt

he caught his foot in the grating — er ist mit dem Fuß im Gitter hängen geblieben

7) (with stitches) mit ein paar Stichen befestigen

to catch a dress (in) at the waist — ein Kleid an der Taille fassen

8) (= understand, hear) mitkriegen (inf)

9)

to catch an illness — sich (dat) eine Krankheit zuziehen or holen (inf)

he's always catching cold(s) — er erkältet sich leicht

you'll catch your death (of cold)! — du holst dir den Tod! (inf)

10) (= portray) mood, atmosphere etc einfangen

11)

to catch one's breath (after exercise etc) — Luft holen, verschnaufen

to catch sb a glancing blow — jdn seitlich erwischen

the blow/ball caught him on the arm —

she caught him one on the nose (inf) — sie haute ihm auf die Nase

you'll catch it! ( Brit inf ) — es setzt was! (inf), du kannst (aber) was erleben!

he caught it all right! ( Brit inf ) (physically) (verbally) — der hat vielleicht eine Abreibung bekommen! (inf) der hat aber was zu hören bekommen! (inf)

3. vi

1) (with ball) fangen

2) (fire) in Gang kommen, brennen; (wood etc) Feuer fangen, brennen; (COOK) anbrennen

3) (= get stuck) klemmen, sich verklemmen; (= get entangled) hängen bleiben, sich verfangen

her dress caught in the door — sie blieb mit ihrem Kleid in der Tür hängen

* * *

catch [kætʃ]

A s

1. Fangen n:

play catch sich den Ball zuwerfen (Kinder)

2. Fang m, Beute f (beide auch fig):

a good catch

a) ein guter Fang (beim Fischen), fig a. ein gutes Geschäft,

b) umg eine gute Partie (Heirat);

no catch kein gutes Geschäft

3. there was a catch in his voice seine Stimme stockte

4. Halt m, Griff m

5. TECH

a) Haken m, Schnäpper m, (Tür) Klinke f:

catch of a lock Schließhaken

b) Sperre f, Sicherung f, Verschluss m (einer Brosche etc)

c) Knagge f, Mitnehmer m

d) ARCH Halter m

6. fig umg Haken m:

there’s a catch in ( oder to) it die Sache hat einen Haken;

there must be a catch somewhere die Sache muss irgendwo einen Haken haben;

the catch is that … der Haken an der Sache ist, dass …

7. fig Brocken m, Bruchstück n:

catches of a conversation Gesprächsfetzen

8. AGR US Keimen n, Ausschlagen n

9. MUS besonders HIST Kanon mit humorvollem oder anzüglichem Text

B v/t prät und pperf caught [kɔːt]

1. a) einen Ball etc fangen, auch einen Blick auffangen, (er)haschen, ein Tier etc (ein)fangen, Flüssigkeiten auffangen

b) allg bekommen, kriegen umg, erwischen umg:

catch a thief einen Dieb fassen oder umg schnappen;

get caught gefasst werden;

catch a train einen Zug (noch) kriegen oder erwischen; → breath 1, cold A 8, crab¹ A 1, glimpse A 1, sight A 2, Tartar¹ A 2

2. jemanden einholen

3. überraschen, erwischen umg, ertappen ( alle:

sb at sth jemanden bei etwas;

sb doing sth jemanden dabei, wie er etwas tut):

catch sb stealing jemanden beim Stehlen ertappen;

catch o.s. thinking that … sich bei dem Gedanken ertappen, dass …;

let me catch you at it again! lass dich ja nicht mehr dabei erwischen!;

they were ( oder got) caught in a storm sie wurden vom Sturm überrascht, sie gerieten in ein Unwetter;

catch me (doing that)! Br umg (das) fällt mir nicht im Traum ein!, denkste!;

catch him! er lässt sich nicht erwischen!;

he caught himself er hielt plötzlich inne (beim Sprechen), er fing sich (gerade noch); → act A 1, nap¹ A 2, unawares 2

4. packen, ergreifen, erfassen (alle auch fig):

she caught her child to herself sie riss ihr Kind an sich;

the fire caught the curtains das Feuer erfasste die Vorhänge;

he caught ( oder was caught with) the general enthusiasm er wurde von der allgemeinen Begeisterung erfasst oder angesteckt; → hold² A 1

5. fig die Fantasie ansprechen:

catch sb’s ear jemandem ans Ohr dringen;

catch sb’s eye jemandem ins Auge fallen;

catch sb’s eye ( oder attention) jemandes Aufmerksamkeit auf sich lenken, jemanden auf sich aufmerksam machen;

she caught his eye ihre Blicke trafen sich; → fancy A 7, speaker 2

6. erfassen, verstehen, mitkriegen umg:

she did not catch his name

7. fig einfangen:

he caught the atmosphere well;

caught from life dem Leben abgelauscht

8. sich eine Krankheit etc holen, sich eine Erkältung etc, auch eine Strafe etc zuziehen, bekommen:

catch (a) cold sich erkälten ( skiing beim Skifahren);

catch a bullet in one’s leg einen Schuss ins Bein abbekommen;

catch it sl eins aufs Dach kriegen, was zu hören kriegen ( beide:

from von); → death 1, fire A 1, hell A 1, packet A 5

9. fig eine Gewohnheit, Aussprache annehmen

10. a) streifen oder stoßen an (akk)

b) hängen bleiben oder sich verfangen mit etwas:

catch one’s foot in sth mit dem Fuß in etwas hängen bleiben;

my fingers were caught in the door ich klemmte mir die Finger in der Tür

11. sl

a) jemandem einen Schlag verpassen umg

b) treffen:

the blow caught him on the chin

C v/i

1. fassen, greifen:

catch at greifen oder schnappen nach, (fig eine Gelegenheit gern) ergreifen; → shadow A 5, straw A 1

2. TECH ineinandergreifen, eingreifen (Räder), einschnappen, -rasten (Schloss etc)

3. sich verfangen, hängen bleiben ( beide:

in in dat;

on an dat):

her dress caught on a nail;

the plane caught in the trees

4. klemmen, festsitzen:

the bolt catches somewhere

5. sich ausbreiten (Feuer)

6. anspringen (Motor)

7. GASTR anbrennen

8. US AGR keimen, ausschlagen

* * *
1. transitive verb,
caught

1) (capture) fangen; (lay hold of) fassen; packen

catch somebody by the arm — jemanden am Arm packen od. fassen

catch hold of somebody/something — jemanden/etwas festhalten; (to stop oneself falling) sich an jemandem/etwas festhalten

2) (intercept motion of) auffangen; fangen [Ball]

catch a thread — einen Faden vernähen

get something caught or catch something on/in something — mit etwas an/in etwas (Dat.) hängen bleiben

I got my finger caught or caught my finger in the door — ich habe mir den Finger in der Tür eingeklemmt

get caught on/in something — an/in etwas (Dat.) hängen bleiben

3) (travel by) nehmen; (manage to see) sehen; (be in time for) [noch] erreichen; [noch] kriegen (ugs.) [Bus, Zug]; [noch] erwischen (ugs.) [Person]

did you catch her in? — hast du sie zu Hause erwischt? (ugs.)

4) (surprise)

catch somebody at/doing something — jemanden bei etwas erwischen (ugs.) /[dabei] erwischen, wie er etwas tut (ugs.)

caught in a thunderstorm — vom Sturm überrascht

I caught myself thinking how... — ich ertappte mich bei dem Gedanken, wie...

5) (become infected with, receive) sich (Dat.) zuziehen od. (ugs.) holen

catch something from somebody — sich bei jemandem mit etwas anstecken

catch [a] cold — sich erkälten/sich (Dat.) einen Schnupfen holen; (fig.) übel dran sein

catch it — (fig. coll.) etwas kriegen (ugs.)

you'll catch it from me — du kannst von mir was erleben (ugs.)

6) (arrest)

catch somebody's attention — jemandes Aufmerksamkeit erregen

catch somebody's fancy — jemandem gefallen; jemanden ansprechen

catch the Speaker's eye — (Parl.) das Wort erhalten

catch somebody's eye — jemandem auffallen; [Gegenstand:] jemandem ins Auge fallen; (be impossible to overlook) jemandem ins Auge springen

7) (hit)

catch somebody on/in something — jemanden auf/in etwas (Akk.) treffen

catch somebody a blow [on/in something] — jemandem einen Schlag [auf/in etwas (Akk.)] versetzen

8) (grasp in thought) verstehen; mitbekommen

did you catch his meaning? — hast du verstanden od. mitbekommen, was er meint?

9) see catch out 1)
2. intransitive verb,
caught

1) (begin to burn) [anfangen zu] brennen

2) (become fixed) hängen bleiben; [Haar, Faden:] sich verfangen

my coat caught on a nail — ich blieb mit meinem Mantel an einem Nagel hängen
3. noun
1) (of ball)

make [several] good catches — [mehrmals] gut fangen

2) (amount caught, lit. or fig.) Fang, der

3) (trick, difficulty) Haken, der (in an + Dat.)

the catch is that... — der Haken an der Sache ist, dass...

it's catch-22 — (coll.) es ist ein Teufelskreis

4) (fastener) Verschluss, der; (of door) Schnapper, der

5) (Cricket etc.) ≈ Fang, der; Abfangen des Balles, das den Schlagmann aus dem Spiel bringt

6) (catcher)

he is a good catch — er kann gut fangen

Phrasal Verbs:

- catch on

- catch out

- catch up

* * *

n.

Fang ¨-e m.

Raste -n f.

Schnappverschluss m. (at) v.

ertappen (bei) v.

erwischen v. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: caught)

= auffangen v.

erwischen v.

fangen v.

(§ p.,pp.: fing, gefangen)

fassen v.

verstehen v.

English-german dictionary > catch
23 cover

1.
['kʌvə(r)]noun

1) (piece of cloth) Decke, die; (of cushion, bed) Bezug, der; (lid) Deckel, der; (of hole, engine, typewriter, etc.) Abdeckung, die

put a cover on or over — zudecken; abdecken [Loch, Fußboden, Grab, Fahrzeug, Maschine]; beziehen [Kissen, Bett]

2) (of book) Einband, der; (of magazine) Umschlag, der; (of record) [Platten]hülle, die

read something from cover to cover — etwas von vorn bis hinten lesen

on the [front/back] cover — auf dem [vorderen/hinteren] Buchdeckel; (of magazine) auf der Titelseite/hinteren Umschlagseite

3) (Post): (envelope) [Brief]umschlag, der

under plain cover — in neutralem Umschlag

[send something] under separate cover — [etwas] mit getrennter Post [schicken]

4) in pl. (bedclothes) Bettzeug, das

5) (hiding place, shelter) Schutz, der

take cover [from something] — Schutz [vor etwas (Dat.)] suchen

[be/go] under cover — (from bullets etc.) in Deckung [sein/gehen]

under cover — (from rain) überdacht [Sitzplatz]; regengeschützt

keep something under cover — etwas abgedeckt halten

under cover of darkness — im Schutz der Dunkelheit

6) (Mil.): (supporting force) Deckung, die

7) (protection) Deckung, die

give somebody/something cover — jemandem Deckung geben

8) (pretence) Vorwand, der; (false identity, screen) Tarnung, die

9) (Insurance)

[insurance] cover — Versicherung, die

get cover against something — sich gegen etwas versichern

have adequate cover — ausreichend versichert sein

10) (of song etc.)

cover [version] — Coverversion, die
2. transitive verb
1) bedecken

cover a book with leather — ein Buch in Leder binden

cover a chair with chintz — einen Stuhl mit Chintz beziehen

cover a pan with a lid — eine Pfanne mit einem Deckel zudecken

she covered her face with her hands — sie verbarg das Gesicht in den Händen

the roses are covered with greenfly — die Rosen sind voller Blattläuse

somebody is covered in or with confusion/shame — (fig.) jmd. ist ganz verlegen/sehr beschämt

2) (conceal, lit. or fig.) verbergen; (for protection) abdecken

3) (travel) zurücklegen

4) in p.p. (having roof) überdacht

5) (deal with) behandeln; (include) abdecken

6) (Journ.) berichten über (+ Akk.)

7)

cover expenses — die Kosten decken

£10 will cover my needs for the journey — 10 Pfund werden für die Reisekosten reichen

8) (shield) decken

I'll keep you covered — ich gebe dir Deckung

9)

cover oneself — (fig.) sich absichern; (Insurance)

cover oneself against something — sich gegen etwas versichern

10) (aim gun at) in Schach halten (ugs.)

I've got you covered — ich habe meine Waffe auf dich gerichtet

11) (record new version of) covern

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/85790/cover_for">cover for

- cover in

- cover up

* * *
1. verb
1) (to put or spread something on, over or in front of: They covered (up) the body with a sheet; My shoes are covered in paint.) bedecken

2) (to be enough to pay for: Will 10 dollars cover your expenses?) decken

3) (to travel: We covered forty miles in one day.) zurücklegen

4) (to stretch over a length of time etc: His diary covered three years.) sich erstrecken über

5) (to protect: Are we covered by your car insurance?) decken

6) (to report on: I'm covering the race for the local newspaper.) berichten über

7) (to point a gun at: I had him covered.) in Schach halten
2. noun
1) (something which covers, especially a cloth over a table, bed etc: a table-cover; a bed-cover; They replaced the cover on the manhole.) die Decke

2) (something that gives protection or shelter: The soldiers took cover from the enemy gunfire; insurance cover.) die Deckung

3) (something that hides: He escaped under cover of darkness.) der Schutz

•

- coverage
- covering
- cover-girl
- cover story
- cover-up
* * *

cov·er

[ˈkʌvəʳ, AM -ɚ]

I. n

1. (spread) Abdeckung f; (flexible plastic case) Plane f; (for smaller objects) Hülle f; (cloth case) Kleiderhülle f; (protective top) Deckel m; (for bed) [Bett]decke f, Duvet nt SCHWEIZ; (for armchair, sofa) [Schon]bezug m

cushion \cover Kissenbezug m, Polsterüberzug m ÖSTERR

manhole \cover Schachtdeckel m

quilt [or duvet] \cover Bettdeckenbezug m, Duvetbezug m SCHWEIZ

2. (sheets)

▪ the \covers pl das Bettzeug

Ann burrowed down beneath the \covers Ann zog sich die Decke über den Kopf

he threw back the \covers er warf die Bettdecke zurück

3. (of a book) Einband m; of a magazine Titelseite f, Cover nt

hard \cover gebundenes Buch, Hardcover nt

soft \cover Taschenbuch nt

to read a book from \cover to \cover ein Buch vom Anfang bis zum Ende lesen [o in einem durchlesen

4. (envelope) Briefumschlag m, Couvert nt SCHWEIZ, Kuvert nt ÖSTERR

under plain \cover in neutralem Umschlag

under separate \cover mit getrennter Post

5. no pl (shelter) Schutz m

not many of the seats are under \cover nicht viele Sitze sind überdacht; (concealed)

he ordered his men to stay under \cover er befahl seinen Männern, in ihren Verstecken zu bleiben

under \cover of darkness im Schutz der Dunkelheit

to take \cover somewhere sich akk irgendwo unterstellen

I took \cover behind a wall/in a ditch/under the table ich versteckte mich hinter einer Wand/in einem Graben/unter dem Tisch

6. no pl (for animals to hide) Dickicht nt, Unterholz nt

to break \cover aus dem [schützenden] Unterholz hervorbrechen

7. (concealing true identity) Tarnung f

under \cover as getarnt als

to blow sb's \cover jdn enttarnen [o auffliegen lassen

8. no pl MIL Deckung f; (from bombs, gun attacks) Feuerschutz m

9. no pl esp BRIT (insurance) Versicherungsschutz m, Deckung f

do you have \cover against theft? sind Sie gegen Diebstahl versichert?

to ask for additional \cover zusätzliche Deckung verlangen

full \cover voller Versicherungsschutz

third-party \cover Haftpflichtversicherung f

comprehensive \cover Vollkaskoversicherung f

to have \cover versichert sein, Versicherungsschutz haben

to operate without adequate \cover keinen ausreichenden Versicherungsschutz haben

10. ECON, FIN (security) Abdeckung f, Absicherung f

do you have sufficient \cover for this loan? haben Sie ausreichende Sicherheiten für diesen Kredit?

11. no pl (substitute) Vertretung f

to provide \cover for sb jdn vertreten

to provide emergency \cover einen Notdienst aufrechterhalten, eine Notfallversorgung gewährleisten

12. MUS (recording) Coverversion f

13.

▶ never judge a book by its \cover man sollte niemals nur nach dem Äußeren urteilen

II. vt

1. (put over)

▪ to \cover sth/sb etw/jdn bedecken; (against dust also) etw überziehen

snow \covered the hills Schnee bedeckte die Hügel

▪ to be \covered [in [or with]] sth [mit etw dat] bedeckt sein

my hands are \covered in ink/mud/paint meine Hände sind voller Tinte/Schlamm/Farbe

how much of the Earth's surface is \covered by water? wie viel Prozent der Erdoberfläche liegt unter Wasser?

\covered with blood voll Blut, blutig

2. (to protect)

▪ to \cover sth/sb [with sth] etw/jdn [mit etw dat] abdecken

they \covered him with a blanket sie deckten ihn mit einer Decke zu

to \cover one's eyes/face with one's hands die Augen/das Gesicht mit den Händen bedecken

3. (in order to hide)

▪ to \cover sth etw verdecken; ( fig) one's confusion etw überspielen

4. (extend over)

▪ to \cover sth sich akk über etw akk erstrecken

London \covers 1579 square kilometres [of land] London erstreckt sich über 1579 Quadratkilometer; ( fig)

the new office will \cover the whole of Scotland das neue Büro ist für ganz Schottland zuständig

5. (travel)

to \cover a lot of ground eine große Strecke zurücklegen; (make progress) gut vorankommen; (be wide-ranging) sehr umfassend sein

during the meeting we \covered a lot of ground wir sind bei der Sitzung gut vorangekommen

to \cover 20 kilometres in two hours 20 km in zwei Stunden fahren

6. (deal with)

▪ to \cover sth sich akk mit etw dat befassen, etw behandeln

this leaflet \covers what we've just discussed in more detail in der Broschüre finden Sie Informationen zu dem, was wir gerade ausführlich besprochen haben

do these parking restrictions \cover residents as well as visitors? gelten die Parkbeschränkungen sowohl für Anlieger als auch für Besucher?

the new regulations \cover precisely where and when protest marches can take place in den neuen Regelungen ist genau festgehalten, wo und wann Protestmärsche stattfinden dürfen

7. (be enough for)

▪ to \cover sth etw [ab]decken

to \cover the costs die Kosten decken

here's £20, will that \cover it? hier sind 20 Pfund, wird das reichen?

8. (report on)

▪ to \cover sth über etw akk berichten

the journalist was in Vietnam, \covering the war er war Kriegsberichterstatter in Vietnam

9. (insure)

▪ to \cover sb/sth [against [or for] sth] jdn/etw [gegen etw akk] versichern

are we \covered for accidental damage? sind wir gegen Unfallschäden versichert?

the damage was \covered by the insurance der Schaden wurde von der Versicherung bezahlt

to be fully \covered vollen Versicherungsschutz haben

10. (earn enough to pay) etw [ab]decken [o sichern]

the dividend is \covered four times das Verhältnis Gewinn-Dividende ist 4:1

11. (protect)

▪ to \cover oneself [against sth] sich akk [gegen etw akk] absichern

she tried to \cover herself by saying that... sie versuchte sich damit herauszureden, dass...

12. MIL

▪ to \cover sb/sth jdn/etw decken; (give covering fire) jdm/etw Feuerschutz geben

\cover me! gib mir Deckung!

to \cover sb's retreat jds Rückzug decken

13. (aim weapon at)

▪ to \cover sb seine Waffe auf jdn/etw richten

hands up! I've got you \covered! Hände hoch! meine Waffe ist auf Sie gerichtet!

14. (watch)

▪ to \cover sth etw bewachen

15. (do sb's job)

▪ to \cover sth [for sb] etw [für jdn] übernehmen

could you \cover my shift for me tomorrow? könnten Sie morgen meine Schicht übernehmen?

16. (adopt song)

to \cover a song einen Song covern fachspr, von einem Lied eine Coverversion aufnehmen

17. ZOOL

to \cover an animal ein Tier decken

18.

▶ to \cover one's back sich absichern fig

▶ to \cover oneself with glory sich akk mit Ruhm bedecken

▶ to \cover a multitude of sins viel Unschönes verbergen

▶ to \cover one's tracks seine Spuren verwischen

III. vi

to \cover well/badly paint gut/schlecht decken

* * *
['kʌvə(r)]
1. n

1) (= lid) Deckel m; (of lens) (Schutz)kappe f; (= loose cover on chair) Bezug m; (= cloth for typewriter, umbrella etc) Hülle f; (on lorries, tennis court) Plane f; (= sheet over merchandise, shop counter) Decke f, Tuch nt; (= blanket, quilt) (Bett)decke f

he put a cover over her/it — er deckte sie/es zu

she pulled the covers up to her chin — sie zog die Decke bis ans Kinn (hoch)

2) (of book) Einband m; (of magazine) Umschlag m; (= dust cover) (Schutz)umschlag m

to read a book from cover to cover — ein Buch von Anfang bis Ende or von der ersten bis zur letzten Seite lesen

on the cover — auf dem Einband/Umschlag; (of magazine) auf der Titelseite, auf dem Titel(blatt)

3) (COMM: envelope) Umschlag m

under separate cover — getrennt

under plain cover — in neutralem Umschlag

4) no pl (= shelter, protection) Schutz m (from vor +dat, gegen); (MIL) Deckung f (from vor +dat, gegen)

to take cover (from rain) — sich unterstellen, Schutz suchen (from vor +dat ); (Mil) in Deckung gehen (from vor +dat )

under the cover of the trees — im Schutz der Bäume

these plants/the car should be kept under cover — diese Pflanzen sollten/das Auto sollte abgedeckt sein or (under roof)

to get oneself under cover (for longer period) — sich unterstellen Unterschlupf finden

under cover of darkness — im Schutz(e) der Dunkelheit

to give sb cover (Mil) — jdm Deckung geben

5) (HUNT) Deckung f

to break cover — aus der Deckung hervorbrechen

6) (Brit: place at meal) Gedeck nt

she laid covers for six — sie deckte für sechs Personen, sie legte sechs Gedecke auf

7) (Brit) (COMM, FIN) Deckung f; (= insurance cover) Versicherung f

to operate without cover — ohne Deckung arbeiten

to take out cover for a car — ein Auto versichern

to take out cover against fire — eine Feuerversicherung abschließen

to get cover for sth — etw versichern (lassen)

do you have adequate cover? — sind Sie ausreichend versichert?

8) (= assumed identity) Tarnung f; (= front organization also) Deckung f

under cover as — getarnt als

to operate under cover — als Agent tätig sein

to blow sb's cover — jdn enttarnen

9) (MUS) Coverversion f

2. vt

1) (= put cover on) bedecken; (= cover over) zudecken; (with loose cover) chair etc beziehen

a covered wagon/way — ein Planwagen m

to cover one's head — den Kopf bedecken

the car covered us in mud — das Auto bespritzte uns von oben bis unten mit Schlamm

the mountain was covered with or in snow — der Berg war schneebedeckt or mit Schnee bedeckt

you're all covered with dog hairs — du bist voller Hundehaare

to cover oneself in or with glory — Ruhm ernten

to cover oneself with ridicule — sich lächerlich machen

covered in or with shame — zutiefst beschämt

2) (= hide) surprise verbergen; mistake, tracks also verdecken

to cover one's face in or with one's hands — sein Gesicht in den Händen verstecken or verbergen

3) (= protect) decken

ass (fig) — sich absichern

he only said that to cover himself — er hat das nur gesagt, um sich abzudecken or zu decken

4) (= point a gun at etc) door etc sichern; sb decken; (= be on guard near) sichern

to keep sb covered — jdn in Schach halten

I've got you covered! (with gun etc) — ich hab auf dich angelegt; ( fig, Chess etc ) ich hab dich

5) (FIN) loan decken; expenses, costs also abdecken; (INSUR) versichern

will £30 cover the drinks? — reichen £ 30 für die Getränke?

he gave me £30 to cover the drinks — er gab mir £ 30 für Getränke

6) (= take in, include) behandeln; (law also) erfassen; (= allow for, anticipate) possibilities, eventualities vorsehen

what does your travel insurance cover you for? — was deckt deine Reiseversicherung ab?

to cover the waterfront (esp US) — einen weiten Bereich abdecken

7) (PRESS: report on) berichten über (+acc)

8) (= travel) miles, distance zurücklegen

9) (salesman etc) territory zuständig sein für

10) (MUS) song neu interpretieren

11) (animals = copulate with) decken

12) (= play a higher card than) überbieten

* * *

cover [ˈkʌvə(r)]

A s

1. Decke f

2. weitS. (Pflanzen-, Schnee-, Wolken- etc) Decke f

3. Deckel m:

under cover GASTR zugedeckt

4. a) (Buch) Decke(l) f(m), Einband m:

from cover to cover von der ersten bis zur letzten Seite

b) Umschlag- oder Titelseite f

c) (Schutz)Umschlag m

5. Umhüllung f, Hülle f, Futteral n, Kappe f

6. Überzug m, Bezug m

7. a) TECH Schutzhaube f oder -platte f

b) Abdeckhaube f (eines Plattenspielers etc)

c) Schutzmantel m (von elektrischen Röhren)

d) AUTO (Reifen) Decke f, Mantel m

8. Briefumschlag m, Kuvert n:

under same cover mit gleichem Schreiben, beiliegend;

under separate cover mit getrennter Post;

under plain cover in neutralem Umschlag

9. under cover of unter der (Deck)Adresse von ( → A 16)

10. Faltbrief m

11. Philatelie: Ganzsache f

12. Schutz m, Obdach n, Dach n:

get under cover sich unterstellen

13. Schutz m ( from gegen, vor dat):

under cover of night im Schutze der Nacht

14. MIL

a) auch allg Deckung f ( from vor dat):

take cover in Deckung gehen, Deckung nehmen;

take cover! (in) Deckung!

b) Sicherung f, Abschirmung f

15. JAGD

a) Lager n (von Wild)

b) (schützendes) Dickicht:

break cover ins Freie treten

16. fig Tarnung f, Deckmantel m, Vorwand m:

under cover of unter dem Deckmantel (gen), getarnt als ( → A 9);

blow one’s cover auffliegen umg (Agent etc)

17. Gedeck n (bei Tisch)

18. WIRTSCH Deckung f, Sicherheit f:

cover funds Deckungsmittel;

cover ratio Deckungsverhältnis n (einer Währung)

19. Versicherungsrecht: Abdeckung f, Versicherungsschutz m ( against gegen)

B v/t

1. ab-, be-, zudecken ( alle:

with mit):

covered with voll von;

covered with dust staubbedeckt;

covered in sweat schweißbedeckt, -gebadet;

remain covered den Hut aufbehalten;

cover o.s. with glory fig sich mit Ruhm bedecken oder bekleckern;

cover a roof ein Dach decken; → glory A 1

2. eine Fläche bedecken, einnehmen, sich über eine Fläche, auch eine Zeitspanne erstrecken

3. Papier, Seiten vollschreiben

4. überziehen, umwickeln, umhüllen, umspinnen:

covered buttons überzogene Knöpfe

5. einhüllen, -wickeln, -schlagen ( alle:

in, with in akk)

6. a) verdecken, -bergen (auch fig)

b) oft cover up fig verhüllen, -hehlen, bemänteln:

cover (up) one’s mistakes;

cover up a scandal einen Skandal vertuschen

7. auch fig (o.s. sich) decken, schützen ( beide:

from, against vor dat, gegen):

cover o.s. fig sich absichern

8. MIL

a) den Rückzug etc decken, schützen, abschirmen, sichern

b) auch allg jemanden decken, jemandem Deckung geben

c) ein Gebiet beherrschen, im Schussfeld haben

d) ein Gelände bestreichen, (mit Feuer) belegen

9. zielen auf (akk), in Schach halten:

cover sb with a pistol

10. WIRTSCH Kosten decken, bestreiten:

cover a loss einen Verlust decken;

cover debts Schulden (ab)decken

11. WIRTSCH versichern, abdecken ( beide:

against gegen):

be covered Versicherungsschutz haben oder genießen

12. decken, genügen oder ausreichen für:

cover a requirement

13. umfassen, umschließen, einschließen, beinhalten, enthalten, behandeln:

the book does not cover that period

14. (statistisch, mit Radar, Werbung etc) erfassen

15. ein Thema erschöpfend behandeln

16. Presse, RADIO, TV berichten über (akk):

cover the elections

17. eine Strecke zurücklegen:

cover three miles;

cover the ground fig alles (gründlich) durchnehmen oder bearbeiten oder behandeln;

cover a lot of ground

a) eine große Strecke zurücklegen,

b) fig viel umfassen, weit gehen oder reichen

18. einen Bezirk bereisen, bearbeiten:

this salesman covers Utah

19. ein Gebiet versorgen, operieren in (dat):

the bus line covers a vast area

20. SPORT einen Gegenspieler decken

21. jemanden beschatten, beobachten

22. ZOOL ein Weibchen decken, bespringen, eine Stute beschälen

23. BIBEL eine Sünde vergeben, auslöschen

C v/i

1. TECH decken:

this paint does not cover

2. SPORT decken

3. cover for einspringen für, vertreten

* * *
1.
['kʌvə(r)]noun

1) (piece of cloth) Decke, die; (of cushion, bed) Bezug, der; (lid) Deckel, der; (of hole, engine, typewriter, etc.) Abdeckung, die

put a cover on or over — zudecken; abdecken [Loch, Fußboden, Grab, Fahrzeug, Maschine]; beziehen [Kissen, Bett]

2) (of book) Einband, der; (of magazine) Umschlag, der; (of record) [Platten]hülle, die

read something from cover to cover — etwas von vorn bis hinten lesen

on the [front/back] cover — auf dem [vorderen/hinteren] Buchdeckel; (of magazine) auf der Titelseite/hinteren Umschlagseite

3) (Post): (envelope) [Brief]umschlag, der

under plain cover — in neutralem Umschlag

[send something] under separate cover — [etwas] mit getrennter Post [schicken]

4) in pl. (bedclothes) Bettzeug, das

5) (hiding place, shelter) Schutz, der

take cover [from something] — Schutz [vor etwas (Dat.)] suchen

[be/go] under cover — (from bullets etc.) in Deckung [sein/gehen]

under cover — (from rain) überdacht [Sitzplatz]; regengeschützt

keep something under cover — etwas abgedeckt halten

under cover of darkness — im Schutz der Dunkelheit

6) (Mil.): (supporting force) Deckung, die

7) (protection) Deckung, die

give somebody/something cover — jemandem Deckung geben

8) (pretence) Vorwand, der; (false identity, screen) Tarnung, die

9) (Insurance)

[insurance] cover — Versicherung, die

get cover against something — sich gegen etwas versichern

have adequate cover — ausreichend versichert sein

10) (of song etc.)

cover [version] — Coverversion, die
2. transitive verb
1) bedecken

cover a book with leather — ein Buch in Leder binden

cover a chair with chintz — einen Stuhl mit Chintz beziehen

cover a pan with a lid — eine Pfanne mit einem Deckel zudecken

she covered her face with her hands — sie verbarg das Gesicht in den Händen

the roses are covered with greenfly — die Rosen sind voller Blattläuse

somebody is covered in or with confusion/shame — (fig.) jmd. ist ganz verlegen/sehr beschämt

2) (conceal, lit. or fig.) verbergen; (for protection) abdecken

3) (travel) zurücklegen

4) in p.p. (having roof) überdacht

5) (deal with) behandeln; (include) abdecken

6) (Journ.) berichten über (+ Akk.)

7)

cover expenses — die Kosten decken

£10 will cover my needs for the journey — 10 Pfund werden für die Reisekosten reichen

8) (shield) decken

I'll keep you covered — ich gebe dir Deckung

9)

cover oneself — (fig.) sich absichern; (Insurance)

cover oneself against something — sich gegen etwas versichern

10) (aim gun at) in Schach halten (ugs.)

I've got you covered — ich habe meine Waffe auf dich gerichtet

11) (record new version of) covern

Phrasal Verbs:

- cover for

- cover in

- cover up

* * *

n.

Abdeckung f.

Decke -n f.

Deckel - m.

Hülle -- f.

Schutz m.

Titel -- m.

Umschlag -¨e m.

Zeitungsmantel m.

Überzug -¨e m. v.

bedecken v.

bespannen (mit Stoff...) v.

decken v.

umfassen v.

überziehen v.

English-german dictionary > cover
24 BIOS

['baios] n. shkurtesë nga b asic i nput o utput s ystem ( BIOS) sistemi themelor për hyrje-dalje ( informatikë)

What is BIOS?

BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output System. It is the boot firmware program on a PC, and controls the computer from the time you start it up until the operating system takes over. When you turn on a PC, the BIOS first conducts a basic hardware check, called a Power-On Self Test (POST), to determine whether all of the attachments are present and working. Then it loads the operating system into your computer's random access memory, or RAM.

The BIOS also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, video card, keyboard, mouse, and printer.

The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your system configuration information in a battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip, called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) after its manufacturing process.

Although the BIOS is standardized and should rarely require updating, some older BIOS chips may not accommodate new hardware devices. Before the early 1990s, you couldn't update the BIOS without removing and replacing its ROM chip. Contemporary BIOS resides on memory chips such as flash chips or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), so that you can update the BIOS yourself if necessary.

For detailed information about BIOS updates, visit:

What is firmware?

Firmware consists of programs installed semi-permanently into memory, using various types of programmable ROM chips, such as PROMS, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and flash chips.

Firmware is non-volatile, and will remain in memory after you turn the system off.

Often, the term firmware is used to refer specifically to boot firmware, which controls a computer from the time that it is turned on until the primary operating system has taken over. Boot firmware's main function is to initialize the hardware and then to boot (load and execute) the primary operating system. On PCs, the boot firmware is usually referred to as the BIOS.

What is the difference between memory and disk storage?

Memory and disk storage both refer to internal storage space in a computer.

The term memory usually means RAM (Random Access Memory). To refer to hard drive storage, the terms disk space or storage are usually used.

Typically, computers have much less memory than disk space, because RAM is much more expensive per megabyte than a hard disk. Today, a typical desktop computer might come with 512MB of RAM, and a 40 gigabyte hard disk.

Virtual memory is disk space that has been designated to act like RAM.

Computers also contain a small amount of ROM, or read-only memory, containing permanent or semi-permanent (firmware) instructions for checking hardware and starting up the computer. On a PC, this is called the BIOS.

What is RAM?

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. RAM provides space for your computer to read and write data to be accessed by the CPU (central processing unit). When people refer to a computer's memory, they usually mean its RAM.

New computers typically come with at least 256 megabytes (MB) of RAM installed, and can be upgraded to 512MB or even a gigabyte or more.

If you add more RAM to your computer, you reduce the number of times your CPU must read data from your hard disk. This usually allows your computer to work considerably faster, as RAM is many times faster than a hard disk.

RAM is volatile, so data stored in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. As soon as you turn the computer off, the data stored in RAM disappears.

When you turn your computer on again, your computer's boot firmware (called BIOS on a PC) uses instructions stored semi-permanently in ROM chips to read your operating system and related files from the disk and load them back into RAM.

Note: On a PC, different parts of RAM may be more or less easily accessible to programs. For example, cache RAM is made up of very high-speed RAM chips which sit between the CPU and main RAM, storing (i.e., caching) memory accesses by the CPU. Cache RAM helps to alleviate the gap between the speed of a CPU's megahertz rating and the ability of RAM to respond and deliver data. It reduces how often the CPU must wait for data from main memory.

What is ROM?

ROM is an acronym for Read-Only Memory. It refers to computer memory chips containing permanent or semi-permanent data. Unlike RAM, ROM is non-volatile; even after you turn off your computer, the contents of ROM will remain.

Almost every computer comes with a small amount of ROM containing the boot firmware. This consists of a few kilobytes of code that tell the computer what to do when it starts up, e.g., running hardware diagnostics and loading the operating system into RAM. On a PC, the boot firmware is called the BIOS.

Originally, ROM was actually read-only. To update the programs in ROM, you had to remove and physically replace your ROM chips. Contemporary versions of ROM allow some limited rewriting, so you can usually upgrade firmware such as the BIOS by using installation software. Rewritable ROM chips include PROMs (programmable read-only memory), EPROMs (erasable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory), and a common variation of EEPROMs called flash memory.

What is an ACPI BIOS?

ACPI is an acronym that stands for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, a power management specification developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba. ACPI support is built into Windows 98 and later operating systems. ACPI is designed to allow the operating system to control the amount of power provided to each device or peripheral attached to the computer system. This provides much more stable and efficient power management and makes it possible for the operating system to turn off selected devices, such as a monitor or CD-ROM drive, when they are not in use.

ACPI should help eliminate computer lockup on entering power saving or sleep mode. This will allow for improved power management, especially in portable computer systems where reducing power consumption is critical for extending battery life. ACPI also allows for the computer to be turned on and off by external devices, so that the touch of a mouse or the press of a key will "wake up" the computer. This new feature of ACPI, called OnNow, allows a computer to enter a sleep mode that uses very little power.

In addition to providing power management, ACPI also evolves the existing Plug and Play BIOS (PnP BIOS) to make adding and configuring new hardware devices easier. This includes support for legacy non-PnP devices and improved support for combining older devices with ACPI hardware, allowing both to work in a more efficient manner in the same computer system. The end result of this is to make the BIOS more PnP compatible.

What is CMOS?

CMOS, short for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, is a low-power, low-heat semiconductor technology used in contemporary microchips, especially useful for battery-powered devices. The specific technology is explained in detail at:

http://searchsmb.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213860,00.html

Most commonly, though, the term CMOS is used to refer to small battery-powered configuration chips on system boards of personal computers, where the BIOS stores the date, the time, and system configuration details.

How do I enter the Setup program in my BIOS?

Warning: Your BIOS Setup program is very powerful. An incorrect setting could cause your computer not to boot properly. You should make sure you understand what a setting does before you change it.

You can usually run Setup by pressing a special function key or key combination soon after turning on the computer, during its power-on self test (POST), before the operating system loads (or before the operating system's splash screen shows). During POST, the BIOS usually displays a prompt such as:

Press F2 to enter Setup

Many newer computers display a brief screen, usually black and white, with the computer manufacturer's logo during POST.

Entering the designated keystroke will take you into the BIOS Setup. Common keystrokes to enter the BIOS Setup are F1, F2, F10, and Del.

On some computers, such as some Gateway or Compaq computers, graphics appear during the POST, and the BIOS information is hidden. You must press Esc to make these graphics disappear. Your monitor will then display the correct keystroke to enter.

Note: If you press the key too early or too often, the BIOS may display an error message. To avoid this, wait about five seconds after turning the power on, and then press the key once or twice.

What's the difference between BIOS and CMOS?

Many people use the terms BIOS (basic input/output system) and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) to refer to the same thing. Though they are related, they are distinct and separate components of a computer. The BIOS is the program that starts a computer up, and the CMOS is where the BIOS stores the date, time, and system configuration details it needs to start the computer.

The BIOS is a small program that controls the computer from the time it powers on until the time the operating system takes over. The BIOS is firmware, which means it cannot store variable data.

CMOS is a type of memory technology, but most people use the term to refer to the chip that stores variable data for startup. A computer's BIOS will initialize and control components like the floppy and hard drive controllers and the computer's hardware clock, but the specific parameters for startup and initializing components are stored in the CMOS.

English-Albanian dictionary > BIOS
25 counter

I noun
1) (in shop) Ladentisch, der; (in cafeteria, restaurant, train) Büfett, das; (in post office, bank) Schalter, der

counter clerk — Schalterbeamte, der/-beamtin, die

[buy/sell something] under the counter — (fig.) [etwas] unter dem Ladentisch [kaufen/verkaufen]

2) (disc for games) Spielmarke, die

3) (apparatus for counting) Zähler, der
II 1. adjective
entgegengesetzt; Gegen-/gegen-
2. transitive verb
1) (oppose, contradict) begegnen (+ Dat.)

2) (take action against) kontern
3. intransitive verb
(take opposing action) antworten
4. adverb
act counter to — zuwiderhandeln (+ Dat.)

go counter to — zuwiderlaufen (+ Dat.)

* * *
I noun 0. see count II II 1. adverb
((with to) in the opposite direction or manner to: The election is running counter to the forecasts.) entgegengesetzt
2. verb
(to meet or answer (a stroke or move etc by another): He successfully countered all criticisms.) kontern

- academic.ru/16582/counter-">counter-
III noun
(a kind of table or surface on which goods are laid: Can you get me some sweets from the confectionery counter?) der Ladentisch

* * *

count·er¹

[ˈkaʊntəʳ, AM -t̬ɚ]

n

1. (service point) Theke f; (in shop) [Laden]theke f, Ladentisch m; (in bar, restaurant) Theke f; (in bank, post office) Schalter m

[kitchen] \counter AM (worktop) [Küchen]arbeitsplatte f

bargaining \counter Verhandlungsbasis f

over the \counter rezeptfrei

over-the-\counter market STOCKEX Freiverkehr[smarkt] m (für nicht im offiziellen Börsenhandel zugelassene Aktien)

under the \counter ( fig) unterm Ladentisch

2. (person who counts) Zähler(in) m(f); (machine that counts) Zählwerk nt

3. (disc) Spielmarke f

4. (factor) Zähler m

count·er²

[ˈkaʊntəʳ, AM -t̬ɚ]

I. vt

to \counter sb's arguments jds Argumenten widersprechen

to \counter sb's instructions/orders jds Instruktionen/Befehle aufheben

to \counter a loss/death/divorce einen Verlust/Tod/eine Scheidung wettmachen [o ausgleichen

II. vi (oppose)

to \counter with sth mit etw dat kontern; SPORT (react by scoring) kontern

III. adv inv entgegen

to act \counter to sth etw dat zuwiderhandeln

to run \counter to sth etw dat zuwiderlaufen

* * *
['kaʊntə(r)]
1. n

1) (in shop) Ladentisch m, Tresen m (N Ger); (in café) Theke f; (in bank, post office) Schalter m

to sell/buy sth under/over the counter — etw unter dem/über den Ladentisch verkaufen/bekommen

medicines which can be bought over the counter — Medikamente, die man rezeptfrei bekommt

under-the-counter deals (fig) — dunkle Geschäfte pl, Schiebereien pl

2) (= small disc for games) Spielmarke f

3) (TECH) Zähler m

4) (SPORT, FENCING) Parade f; (BOXING ALSO) Konter m

5) (= reply) Entgegnung f, Erwiderung f, Replik f (geh)

6) (= opposing force) Gegengewicht nt (to zu)

2. vt
(= retaliate against) antworten auf (+acc), kontern (ALSO SPORT)
how dare you counter my orders! (= countermand) — wie können Sie es wagen, meine Anweisungen or (Mil) Befehle aufzuheben

to counter the loss — den Verlust wettmachen or ausgleichen

3. vi
kontern (ALSO SPORT)
4. adv

counter to — gegen (+acc)

to go or run counter to sb's wishes — jds Wünschen (dat) zuwiderlaufen

the results are counter to expectations — die Ergebnisse widersprechen den Erwartungen

* * *

counter¹ [ˈkaʊntə(r)]

A s

1. Ladentisch m:

sell over the counter

a) Feuerwerkskörper etc frei verkaufen,

b) Medikamente rezeptfrei verkaufen,

c) Börse: US im freien Verkehr oder freihändig verkaufen;

under the counter

a) unter dem Ladentisch, im Schleichhandel,

b) unter der Hand, heimlich

2. Theke f (im Wirtshaus etc)

3. Schalter m (in der Bank, Post):

counter clerk Schalterangestellte(r) m/f(m), -beamte(r) m, -beamtin f

4. WIRTSCH Schranke f (an der Börse)

5. HIST oder obs (Schuld)Gefängnis n

B adj rezeptfrei (Medikament)

counter² [ˈkaʊntə(r)] s

1. Zähler(in)

2. TECH Zähler m, Zählgerät n, -vorrichtung f, -werk n

3. → scaler 2

4. Spielmarke f, Jeton m

5. Zählperle f, -kugel f (einer Kinderrechenmaschine)

counter³ [ˈkaʊntə(r)]

A adv

1. in entgegengesetzter Richtung, verkehrt

2. fig im Widerspruch, im Gegensatz ( beide:

to zu):

counter to wider (akk), zuwider (dat), entgegen (dat);

run ( oder go) counter to sth einer Sache zuwiderlaufen;

run ( oder go) counter to a plan einen Plan durchkreuzen

B adj Gegen…, entgegengesetzt

C s

1. Gegenteil n

2. Boxen:

a) Kontern n

b) Konter m

3. Fechten: Konterparade f

4. Eis-, Rollkunstlauf: Gegenwende f

5. SCHIFF Gilling f, Gillung f

6. TYPO Bunze f

7. VET, ZOOL Brustgrube f (des Pferdes)

8. → countershaft

9. → countertenor

10. → counterbalance A 1

D v/t

1. entgegenwirken (dat), einen Plan durchkreuzen

2. zuwiderhandeln (dat)

3. entgegentreten (dat), widersprechen (dat), entgegnen (dat), bekämpfen

4. MIL abwehren

5. besonders SPORT einen Schlag, Zug etc mit einem Gegenschlag oder -zug beantworten, kontern (auch fig:

that dass)

6. → counterbalance B 1

E v/i besonders SPORT kontern ( with mit) (auch fig)

counter⁴ [ˈkaʊntə(r)] obs für encounter

* * *
I noun
1) (in shop) Ladentisch, der; (in cafeteria, restaurant, train) Büfett, das; (in post office, bank) Schalter, der

counter clerk — Schalterbeamte, der/-beamtin, die

[buy/sell something] under the counter — (fig.) [etwas] unter dem Ladentisch [kaufen/verkaufen]

2) (disc for games) Spielmarke, die

3) (apparatus for counting) Zähler, der
II 1. adjective
entgegengesetzt; Gegen-/gegen-
2. transitive verb
1) (oppose, contradict) begegnen (+ Dat.)

2) (take action against) kontern
3. intransitive verb
(take opposing action) antworten
4. adverb
act counter to — zuwiderhandeln (+ Dat.)

go counter to — zuwiderlaufen (+ Dat.)

* * *

(shop) n.

Ladentisch m. (store) n.

Ladentisch m. n.

Zähler - m. pref.

Konter- präfix. v.

kontern v.

English-german dictionary > counter
26 pip

I noun
(seed) Kern, der
II noun
1) (on cards, dominoes, etc.) Auge, das; Punkt, der

2) (Brit. Mil.) Stern, der

3) (on radar screen) Echosignal, das
III noun
(Brit.): (sound) [kurzer] Piepston; (time signal also) Zeitzeichen, das

when the pips go — (during telephone call) wenn die Piepstöne anzeigen, dass eine neue Münze eingeworfen werden muss
IV noun
(coll.)

give somebody the pip — jemandem auf den Wecker gehen (ugs.)
V transitive verb,
- pp- (Brit.) (defeat) besiegen; schlagen

pip somebody at the post — (coll.) jemanden im Ziel abfangen; (fig.) jemanden im letzten Moment ausbooten (ugs.)

* * *
I [pip] noun
(a seed of a fruit: an orange/apple pip.) der Kern
II [pip] noun
(a short sharp sound on radio, a telephone etc, used eg to show the exact time: He put his watch right by the pips.) das Zeitzeichen

* * *

pip¹

[pɪp]

n HORT Kern m

pip²

[pɪp]

n usu pl esp BRIT Piep m

pip³

[pɪp]

n FIN Pip m (die kleinste Preisstufe in einer Währung)

pip⁴

[pɪp]

n

▶ to give sb the \pip BRIT ( dated fam) jdm auf den Wecker gehen fam

pip⁵

<- pp->

[pɪp]

vt BRIT ( fam)

▪ to \pip sb jdn [knapp] besiegen [o schlagen]

to \pip sb at the post jdn um Haaresbreite schlagen fam

I was \pipped at the post by the other candidate for promotion der andere Kandidat schnappte mir die Beförderung vor der Nase weg

* * *
I [pɪp]
n

1) (BOT) Kern m

2) (on card, dice) Auge nt; (Brit MIL inf) Stern m; (on radar screen) Pip m, Echozeichen nt

3) (RAD, TELEC)

the pips — das Zeitzeichen; (in public telephone) das Tut-Tut-Tut

at the third pip it will be... — beim dritten Ton des Zeitzeichens ist es...

put more money in when you hear the pips — bitte Geld nachwerfen, sobald das Zeichen ertönt
II
n (VET)
Pips m
to give sb the pip ( Brit inf ) — jdn aufregen (inf)
III
vt (Brit inf)
knapp besiegen or schlagen
to pip sb at or to the post (in race) — jdn um Haaresbreite schlagen; (fig) jdm um Haaresbreite zuvorkommen; (in getting orders etc) jdm etw vor der Nase wegschnappen

I was pipped at or to the post again (fig) — da war mir wieder jemand zuvorgekommen

he was pipped for second place by Moore — er wurde von Moore nur knapp vom zweiten Platz verdrängt

* * *

pip¹ [pıp]

A s

1. VET Pips m (Geflügelkrankheit)

2. Br umg miese Laune:

give sb the pip → B

B v/t Br umg jemandem auf die Nerven gehen, jemanden nerven

pip² [pıp] s

1. besonders Br Auge n (auf Spielkarten), Punkt m (auf Würfeln etc)

2. (Obst)Kern m

3. BOT

a) Einzelfrucht f (der Ananas)

b) Einzelblüte f

4. MIL besonders Br umg Stern m (Schulterabzeichen der Offiziere)

5. Radar: Blip m, Bildspur f

6. Br (kurzer, hoher) Ton (eines Pausen- oder Zeitzeichens etc)

pip³ [pıp] Br umg

A v/t

1. a) (bei einer Prüfung etc) durchfallen lassen

b) durchfallen bei

2. fig jemanden knapp besiegen oder schlagen:

pip sb at the post

a) SPORT jemanden im Ziel abfangen,

b) fig jemandem um Haaresbreite zuvorkommen

3. abknallen (erschießen)

4. jemanden ächten oder auf die schwarze Liste setzen

B v/i auch pip out den Löffel weglegen (sterben)

* * *
I noun
(seed) Kern, der
II noun
1) (on cards, dominoes, etc.) Auge, das; Punkt, der

2) (Brit. Mil.) Stern, der

3) (on radar screen) Echosignal, das
III noun
(Brit.): (sound) [kurzer] Piepston; (time signal also) Zeitzeichen, das

when the pips go — (during telephone call) wenn die Piepstöne anzeigen, dass eine neue Münze eingeworfen werden muss
IV noun
(coll.)

give somebody the pip — jemandem auf den Wecker gehen (ugs.)
V transitive verb,
- pp- (Brit.) (defeat) besiegen; schlagen

pip somebody at the post — (coll.) jemanden im Ziel abfangen; (fig.) jemanden im letzten Moment ausbooten (ugs.)

* * *

n.

Kern -e m.

English-german dictionary > pip
27 HE

hi:
1. pronoun
( used as the subject of a verb)

1) (a male person or animal already spoken about: When I spoke to John, he told me he had seen you.) él

2) (any (male) person: He who hesitates is lost.) aquel(que), el (que)

2. noun
(a male person or animal: Is a cow a he or a she?) macho

- he-
- he-man

he pron él

he's my brother es mi hermano

he lives in Nottingham vive en Nottingham

Del verbo haber: ( conjugate haber) \ \
he es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries: haber he
haber 1 ( conjugate haber) v aux ( en tiempos compuestos) to have;
◊ no habían llegado they hadn't arrived;
de helo sabido had I known, if I'd known; ¡deberías helo dicho! you should have said so! he v impers (existir, estar, darse): hay una carta/varias cartas para ti there's a letter/there are several letters for you; ¿hay un banco por aquí? is there a bank near here?; hubo dos accidentes there were two accidents; ¿hay helado? do you have any ice cream?; no hay como un buen descanso there's nothing like a good rest; hubo varios heridos several people were injured; las hay rojas y verdes there are red ones and green ones; gracias — no hay de qué thank you — don't mention it o not at all o you're welcome; no hay de qué preocuparse there's nothing to worry about; ¿qué hay de nuevo? (fam) what's new?; hola ¿qué hay? (fam) hello, how are things?; ¿qué hubo? (Andes, Méx, Ven fam) how are things? ( ser necesario) he que + inf:
◊ hay que estudiar you/we/they must study;
hubo que romperlo we/they had to break it; no hay que lavarlo ( no es necesario) you don't need o have to wash it; ( no se debe) you mustn't wash it
haber 2 sustantivo masculino
a) ( bienes) assets (pl)

b) ( en contabilidad) credit side

c)

◊ haberes sustantivo masculino plural (frml) ( ingresos) income, earnings (pl)

he see
◊ haber

haber
I verbo auxiliar
1 (en tiempos compuestos) to have: espero que no lo haya hecho, I hope he hasn't done it
lo he comido todo, I've eaten it all
lo hubiera hecho de todos modos, she would have done it anyway
II verbo impersonal
1 (existir, estar, hallarse) hay, there is o are
había, there was o were: hay poco que decir, there is little to be said
había muchísima gente en la estación, there were a lot of people in the station
hay cien metros de mi casa a la estación, it's a hundred metres from my home to the station
2 (ocurrir, suceder) la guerra que hubo en el 36, the war that took place in 36
habrá una reunión, there will be a meeting
hoy hay fiesta en el club náutico, there's a party today in the sailing club
los robos habidos en este barrio, the robberies which have been committed in this neighbourhood
III ( haber de + infinitivo) (obligación) to have to: has de ser más estudioso, you must be more studious ( haber que + infinitivo) (conveniencia, necesidad u obligación) it is necessary to: habrá que ir, we will have to go
habría que pintar el salón, we should paint the living room
hay que hacerlo, you must do it
IV nm
1 Fin credit 2 en su haber, in his possession figurado in his favour
V mpl haberes, (bienes) assets (salario) wages Locuciones: había una vez..., once upon a time...
no hay de qué, you're welcome o don't mention it Hay que tener mucho cuidado al traducir este verbo, ya que el inglés diferencia entre el singular y el plural: Hay un hombre fuera. There is a man outside. Hay dos hombres fuera. There are two men outside. Había un gato en el tejado. There was a cat on the roof. Había muchos libros. There were a lot of books.
'he' also found in these entries: Spanish: A - abandonada - abandonado - abatirse - abominable - abotargada - abotargado - abrazarse - absoluta - absoluto - abstraída - abstraído - abusón - abusona - abyecta - abyecto - acabar - acariciar - acaso - acceder - acero - ácida - ácido - acierto - acostumbrar - acreditar - actuar - actual - acudir - además - adherirse - adiós - adscribir - adscribirse - afanarse - afectiva - afectivo - aferrada - aferrado - afición - agachar - agarrotada - agarrotado - agobiada - agobiado - aguantar - aguante - ahí - alardear - alejada English: A - abroad - absent-mindedly - abuse - accidentally - account - accustom - achieve - acquit - actual - ad-lib - add to - adjust - admit - adore - advance - advantage - advice - advocate - afraid - Afro - against - age - aggravating - aggressive - agree - aim to - aimlessly - all - allege - allergy - also - alternative - always - amend - angry - anticipate - anything - apologetic - appease - appointment - appreciative - apprentice - approachable - as - ashen - aside - ask - ask back - asleep

HE

tr[hɪz'eksələnsɪ, hər'eksələnsɪ]

abbreviation

1 ( His Excellency, Her Excellency) Su Excelencia; (abbreviation) S.E

he ['hi:] pron

: él

he

n.

• macho s.m.

pron.

• quien pron.

• él pron.

pron.pers.

• el pron.pers.

hiː, weak form i
pronoun él

he's a painter — es pintor

he didn't say it, I did — no fue él quien lo dijo, sino yo

Ted Post? who's he? — ¿Ted Post? ¿quién es Ted Post?

he who hesitates — (liter) quien vacila...

could I speak to Steve, please? - this is he — (AmE) ¿podría hablar con Steve, por favor? - habla con él

I'm as tall as he is — soy tan alto como él

ABBR

1) = high explosive

2) = His {or}3} Her Excellency S.E.

3) = His Eminence S.Em. ^a

* * *
[hiː], weak form
pronoun él

he's a painter — es pintor

he didn't say it, I did — no fue él quien lo dijo, sino yo

Ted Post? who's he? — ¿Ted Post? ¿quién es Ted Post?

he who hesitates — (liter) quien vacila...

could I speak to Steve, please? - this is he — (AmE) ¿podría hablar con Steve, por favor? - habla con él

I'm as tall as he is — soy tan alto como él

English-spanish dictionary > HE
28 he

hi:
1. pronoun
( used as the subject of a verb)

1) (a male person or animal already spoken about: When I spoke to John, he told me he had seen you.) él

2) (any (male) person: He who hesitates is lost.) aquel(que), el (que)

2. noun
(a male person or animal: Is a cow a he or a she?) macho

- he-
- he-man

he pron él

he's my brother es mi hermano

he lives in Nottingham vive en Nottingham

Del verbo haber: ( conjugate haber) \ \
he es: \ \
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries: haber he
haber 1 ( conjugate haber) v aux ( en tiempos compuestos) to have;
◊ no habían llegado they hadn't arrived;
de helo sabido had I known, if I'd known; ¡deberías helo dicho! you should have said so! he v impers (existir, estar, darse): hay una carta/varias cartas para ti there's a letter/there are several letters for you; ¿hay un banco por aquí? is there a bank near here?; hubo dos accidentes there were two accidents; ¿hay helado? do you have any ice cream?; no hay como un buen descanso there's nothing like a good rest; hubo varios heridos several people were injured; las hay rojas y verdes there are red ones and green ones; gracias — no hay de qué thank you — don't mention it o not at all o you're welcome; no hay de qué preocuparse there's nothing to worry about; ¿qué hay de nuevo? (fam) what's new?; hola ¿qué hay? (fam) hello, how are things?; ¿qué hubo? (Andes, Méx, Ven fam) how are things? ( ser necesario) he que + inf:
◊ hay que estudiar you/we/they must study;
hubo que romperlo we/they had to break it; no hay que lavarlo ( no es necesario) you don't need o have to wash it; ( no se debe) you mustn't wash it
haber 2 sustantivo masculino
a) ( bienes) assets (pl)

b) ( en contabilidad) credit side

c)

◊ haberes sustantivo masculino plural (frml) ( ingresos) income, earnings (pl)

he see
◊ haber

haber
I verbo auxiliar
1 (en tiempos compuestos) to have: espero que no lo haya hecho, I hope he hasn't done it
lo he comido todo, I've eaten it all
lo hubiera hecho de todos modos, she would have done it anyway
II verbo impersonal
1 (existir, estar, hallarse) hay, there is o are
había, there was o were: hay poco que decir, there is little to be said
había muchísima gente en la estación, there were a lot of people in the station
hay cien metros de mi casa a la estación, it's a hundred metres from my home to the station
2 (ocurrir, suceder) la guerra que hubo en el 36, the war that took place in 36
habrá una reunión, there will be a meeting
hoy hay fiesta en el club náutico, there's a party today in the sailing club
los robos habidos en este barrio, the robberies which have been committed in this neighbourhood
III ( haber de + infinitivo) (obligación) to have to: has de ser más estudioso, you must be more studious ( haber que + infinitivo) (conveniencia, necesidad u obligación) it is necessary to: habrá que ir, we will have to go
habría que pintar el salón, we should paint the living room
hay que hacerlo, you must do it
IV nm
1 Fin credit 2 en su haber, in his possession figurado in his favour
V mpl haberes, (bienes) assets (salario) wages Locuciones: había una vez..., once upon a time...
no hay de qué, you're welcome o don't mention it Hay que tener mucho cuidado al traducir este verbo, ya que el inglés diferencia entre el singular y el plural: Hay un hombre fuera. There is a man outside. Hay dos hombres fuera. There are two men outside. Había un gato en el tejado. There was a cat on the roof. Había muchos libros. There were a lot of books.
'he' also found in these entries: Spanish: A - abandonada - abandonado - abatirse - abominable - abotargada - abotargado - abrazarse - absoluta - absoluto - abstraída - abstraído - abusón - abusona - abyecta - abyecto - acabar - acariciar - acaso - acceder - acero - ácida - ácido - acierto - acostumbrar - acreditar - actuar - actual - acudir - además - adherirse - adiós - adscribir - adscribirse - afanarse - afectiva - afectivo - aferrada - aferrado - afición - agachar - agarrotada - agarrotado - agobiada - agobiado - aguantar - aguante - ahí - alardear - alejada English: A - abroad - absent-mindedly - abuse - accidentally - account - accustom - achieve - acquit - actual - ad-lib - add to - adjust - admit - adore - advance - advantage - advice - advocate - afraid - Afro - against - age - aggravating - aggressive - agree - aim to - aimlessly - all - allege - allergy - also - alternative - always - amend - angry - anticipate - anything - apologetic - appease - appointment - appreciative - apprentice - approachable - as - ashen - aside - ask - ask back - asleep

HE

tr[hɪz'eksələnsɪ, hər'eksələnsɪ]

abbreviation

1 ( His Excellency, Her Excellency) Su Excelencia; (abbreviation) S.E

he ['hi:] pron

: él

he

n.

• macho s.m.

pron.

• quien pron.

• él pron.

pron.pers.

• el pron.pers.

hiː, weak form i
pronoun él

he's a painter — es pintor

he didn't say it, I did — no fue él quien lo dijo, sino yo

Ted Post? who's he? — ¿Ted Post? ¿quién es Ted Post?

he who hesitates — (liter) quien vacila...

could I speak to Steve, please? - this is he — (AmE) ¿podría hablar con Steve, por favor? - habla con él

I'm as tall as he is — soy tan alto como él

[hiː]
1. PERS PRON

1) (emphatic, to avoid ambiguity) él

we went to the cinema but he didn't — nosotros fuimos al cine pero él no

it is he who... — es él quien...

you've got more money than he has — tienes más dinero que él
Don't translate the subject pronoun when not emphasizing or clarifying:
he's very tall — es muy alto

there he is — allí está

2) frm

he who wishes to... — el que desee..., quien desee...

2.

N

it's a he * — (=animal) es macho; (=baby) es un niño, es varón (LAm)

3.

CPD macho

he-goat N — cabra f macho

* * *
[hiː], weak form
pronoun él

he's a painter — es pintor

he didn't say it, I did — no fue él quien lo dijo, sino yo

Ted Post? who's he? — ¿Ted Post? ¿quién es Ted Post?

he who hesitates — (liter) quien vacila...

could I speak to Steve, please? - this is he — (AmE) ¿podría hablar con Steve, por favor? - habla con él

I'm as tall as he is — soy tan alto como él

English-spanish dictionary > he
29 cross

1. noun
1) Kreuz, das; (monument) [Gedenk]kreuz, das; (sign) Kreuzzeichen, das

the Cross — das Kreuz [Christi]

2) (cross-shaped thing or mark) Kreuz[zeichen], das

3) (mixture, compromise) Mittelding, das ( between zwischen + Dat.); Mischung, die ( between aus)

4) (affliction, cause of trouble) Kreuz, das

5) (intermixture of breeds) Kreuzung, die

6) (Footb.) Querpass, der; (Boxing) Cross, der
2. transitive verb
1) [über]kreuzen

cross one's arms/legs — die Arme verschränken/die Beine übereinander schlagen

cross one's fingers or keep one's fingers crossed [for somebody] — (fig.) [jemandem] die od. den Daumen drücken/halten

I got a crossed line — (Teleph.) es war jemand in der Leitung

2) (go across) kreuzen; überqueren [Straße, Gewässer, Gebirge]; durchqueren [Land, Wüste, Zimmer]

cross the road — über die Straße gehen

we can cross — abs. die Straße ist frei

the bridge crosses the river — die Brücke führt über den Fluss

cross somebody's mind — (fig.) jemandem einfallen

cross somebody's path — (fig.) jemandem über den Weg laufen (ugs.)

3) (Brit.)

cross a cheque — einen Scheck zur Verrechnung ausstellen

a crossed cheque — ein Verrechnungsscheck

4) (make sign of cross on)

cross oneself — sich bekreuzigen

5) (cause to interbreed) kreuzen; (cross-fertilize) kreuzbefruchten
3. intransitive verb
(meet and pass) aneinander vorbeigehen

cross [in the post] — [Briefe:] sich kreuzen
4. adjective
1) (transverse) Quer-

cross traffic — kreuzender Verkehr

2) (coll.): (peevish) verärgert; ärgerlich [Worte]

somebody will be cross — jemand wird ärgerlich od. böse werden

be cross with somebody — böse auf jemanden od. mit jemandem sein

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/85872/cross_off">cross off

- cross out

- cross over

* * *
[kros] I adjective
(angry: I get very cross when I lose something.) ärgerlich

- crossly
II 1. plural - crosses; noun
1) (a symbol formed by two lines placed across each other, eg + or x.) das Kreuz

2) (two wooden beams placed thus (+), on which Christ was nailed.) das Kreuz

3) (the symbol of the Christian religion.) das Kreuz

4) (a lasting cause of suffering etc: Your rheumatism is a cross you will have to bear.) das Leiden

5) (the result of breeding two varieties of animal or plant: This dog is a cross between an alsatian and a labrador.) die Kreuzung

6) (a monument in the shape of a cross.) das Kreuz

7) (any of several types of medal given for bravery etc: the Victoria Cross.) das Kreuz
2. verb
1) (to go from one side to the other: Let's cross (the street); This road crosses the swamp.) kreuzen

2) ((negative uncross) to place( two things) across each other: He sat down and crossed his legs.) kreuzen

3) (to go or be placed across (each other): The roads cross in the centre of town.) sich kreuzen

4) (to meet and pass: Our letters must have crossed in the post.) sich kreuzen

5) (to put a line across: Cross your `t's'.) einen Querstrich ziehen

6) (to make (a cheque or postal order) payable only through a bank by drawing two parallel lines across it.) einen Scheck etc. als Verrechnungsscheck kennzeichnen

7) (to breed (something) from two different varieties: I've crossed two varieties of rose.) kreuzen

8) (to go against the wishes of: If you cross me, you'll regret it!) Plan durchkreuzen

•

- cross-
- crossing
- crossbow
- cross-breed
- cross-bred
- crosscheck 3. noun
(the act of crosschecking.)

- cross-country
- cross-country skiing
- cross-examine
- cross-examination
- cross-eyed
- cross-fire
- at cross-purposes
- cross-refer
- cross-reference
- crossroads
- cross-section
- crossword puzzle
- crossword
- cross one's fingers
- cross out
* * *

cross

[krɒs, AM krɑ:s]

I. n

1. (shape) Kreuz nt

to mark sth with a [red] \cross etw [rot] ankreuzen

first, mark the place for the drillhole with a \cross markieren Sie bitte zunächst die Stelle für das Bohrloch mit einem Kreuz

to place [or put] a \cross on/next to sth bei/neben etw dat ein Kreuz machen

2. REL Kreuz nt

Christ died on the \cross Christus starb am Kreuz

to make the sign of the \cross das Kreuzzeichen machen; (oneself also) sich akk bekreuzigen

3. no pl (burden) Kreuz nt kein pl, Leiden nt

to bear/take up one's \cross sein Kreuz tragen/auf sich akk nehmen

we all have our \cross to bear wir haben alle unser Kreuz zu tragen

4. (medal) Kreuz nt

5. (hybrid) Kreuzung f ( between zwischen/aus + dat); ( fig: something in between) Mittelding nt ( between zwischen + dat); (person) Mischung f ( between aus + dat)

6. FBALL Flanke f, Querschuss m; BOXING Cross m fachspr

7. ASTRON

the [Southern] \cross das Kreuz des Südens

8. (bias)

on the \cross schräg

II. adj usu pred verärgert

she is \cross at being given all the boring jobs sie ist verärgert, weil sie immer die langweiligen Arbeiten bekommt

▪ to be \cross about sth über etw akk verärgert sein

▪ to be \cross with sb auf jdn böse [o sauer] sein fam

▪ to be \cross that... verärgert sein, dass...

▪ to get \cross with sb sich akk über jdn ärgern

III. vt

1.

▪ to \cross sth (traverse) country, desert, valley etw durchqueren; equator, lake, mountain, river etw überqueren

the new bridge \crosses the estuary die neue Brücke geht [o führt] über die Flussmündung

the railway \crosses a hundred miles of desert die Bahnstrecke führt zweihundert Meilen durch die Wüste

to \cross the border die Grenze passieren; ( fig) die Grenze überschritten

to \cross a bridge/the road eine Brücke/die Straße überqueren; (on foot also) über eine Brücke/die Straße gehen

\cross the line (go out of play) ins Aus gehen; (go into the goal) ins Tor gehen; ( fig) zu weit gehen

to \cross the room das Zimmer durchqueren

to \cross the threshold die Schwelle überschreiten

2. FBALL

to \cross the ball [to sb] den Ball [zu jdm] flanken

3. (place across each other)

▪ to \cross sth etw [über]kreuzen

to \cross one's arms die Arme verschränken

to \cross one's legs die Beine übereinanderschlagen

4. BRIT, AUS (make a sign)

to \cross a cheque einen Scheck zur Verrechnung ausstellen

\crossed cheque Verrechnungsscheck m

5. REL

▪ to \cross oneself sich akk bekreuz[ig]en

6. ( form: oppose)

▪ to \cross sb jdn verärgern

7. (breed)

▪ to \cross an animal with another animal ein Tier mit einem anderen Tier kreuzen

8. BRIT POL

to \cross the floor [of the House] die Partei [o Fraktion] wechseln

9. TELEC

the lines are \crossed, we've got a \crossed line da ist jemand in der Leitung

10.

▶ let's \cross that bridge when we come [or get] to it lassen wir die Sache [erst mal] auf uns zukommen

▶ to keep [or have] one's fingers \crossed [for sb] [jdm] die Daumen drücken [o fam halten]

▶ to \cross sb's hand [or palm] with silver jdm Geld in die Hand drücken fam

▶ \cross my heart and hope to die großes Ehrenwort fam, ich schwör's fam

▶ their lines [or wires] were \crossed sie haben sich missverstanden

▶ to \cross one's mind jdm einfallen

it suddenly \crossed my mind that... mir fiel plötzlich ein, dass...

it didn't \cross my mind that/to... es ist mir [gar] nicht in den Sinn gekommen dass/zu...

▶ to \cross sb's path jdm über den Weg laufen

▶ to \cross paths with sb jdn treffen

when did you last \cross paths with each other? wann seid ihr euch zuletzt über den Weg gelaufen?

▶ to \cross swords with sb mit jmd eine Auseinandersetzung haben, mit jdm die Klinge kreuzen fig geh

IV. vi

1. (intersect) sich kreuzen

2. (traverse a road) die Straße überqueren; (on foot) über die Straße gehen; (travel by ferry) übersetzen; (traverse a border)

to \cross into a country die Grenze in ein Land passieren

how did you manage to \cross into the USA? wie bist du über die amerikanische Grenze gekommen?

3. (meet)

our paths have \crossed several times wir sind uns schon mehrmals über den Weg gelaufen

4. (pass) sich kreuzen

our letters must have \crossed in the post unsere Briefe müssen sich auf dem Postweg gekreuzt haben

* * *
I [krɒs]
1. n

1) Kreuz nt

to make one's cross — sein Kreuz(chen) machen or setzen

to make the sign of the Cross —

the Cross and the Crescent — Kreuz und Halbmond

to bear/take up one's cross (fig) — sein Kreuz tragen/auf sich (acc) nehmen

we all have our cross to bear — wir haben alle unser Kreuz zu tragen

2)

(= bias) on the cross —

to be cut on the cross — schräg geschnitten sein

3) (= hybrid) Kreuzung f; (fig) Mittelding nt

a cross between a laugh and a bark — eine Mischung aus Lachen und Bellen

4) (FTBL) Flanke f

to hit a cross to sb — jdm zuflanken

5) (BOXING) Seitwärtshaken m

2. attr
(= transverse) street, line etc Quer-
3. vt

1) (= go across) road, river, mountains überqueren; (on foot) picket line etc überschreiten; country, desert, room durchqueren

to cross the road — über die Straße gehen, die Straße überqueren

to cross sb's path (fig) — jdm über den Weg laufen

it crossed my mind that... — es fiel mir ein, dass..., mir kam der Gedanke, dass...

a smile crossed her lips —

don't cross your bridges until you come to them (prov) — lass die Probleme auf dich zukommen

we'll cross that bridge when we come to it — lassen wir das Problem mal auf uns zukommen, das sind ungelegte Eier (inf)

they have clearly crossed the boundary into terrorism — sie haben eindeutig die Grenze zum Terrorismus überschritten

2) (= put at right-angles, intersect) kreuzen

to cross one's legs — die Beine übereinanderschlagen

to cross one's arms — die Arme verschränken

the lines are crossed, we have a crossed line (Telec) — die Leitungen überschneiden sich

line AB crosses line CD at point E — AB schneidet CD in E

to cross sb's palm with silver —

keep your fingers crossed for me! (inf) — drück or halt mir die Daumen! (inf)

I'm keeping my fingers crossed ( for you) (inf) — ich drücke or halte ( dir) die Daumen (inf)

3) (= put a line across) letter, t einen Querstrich machen durch; (Brit) cheque ≈ zur Verrechnung ausstellen

a crossed cheque — ein Verrechnungsscheck m

to cross sth through — etw durchstreichen

See:

→ dot

4)

(= make the sign of the Cross) to cross oneself — sich bekreuzigen

cross my/your heart (inf) — Ehrenwort, Hand aufs Herz

5) (= mark with a cross) ankreuzen

6) (= go against) plans durchkreuzen

to cross sb — jdn verärgern

to be crossed in love — in der Liebe enttäuscht werden

7) animal, fruit kreuzen

4. vi

1) (across road) hinübergehen, die Straße überqueren; (across Channel etc) hinüberfahren

"cross now" — "gehen"

to cross at the green light — bei Grün über die Straße gehen

2) (= intersect) sich kreuzen; (lines also) sich schneiden

our paths have crossed several times (fig) — unsere Wege haben sich öfters gekreuzt

3) (letters etc) sich kreuzen
II
adj (+er)
böse, sauer (inf)
to be cross with sb — mit jdm or auf jdn böse sein

* * *

cross [krɒs; US besonders krɔːs]

A s

1. Kreuz n:

be nailed on ( oder to) the cross ans Kreuz geschlagen oder gekreuzigt werden

2. the Cross das Kreuz (Christi):

a) das Christentum

b) das Kruzifix:

cross and crescent Kreuz und Halbmond, Christentum und Islam

3. Kruzifix n (als Bildwerk)

4. Kreuzestod m (Christi)

5. fig Kreuz n, Leiden n:

bear ( oder carry) one’s cross sein Kreuz tragen;

have a heavy cross to bear ( oder carry) ein schweres Kreuz zu tragen haben;

everyone has a cross to bear in life wir haben alle unser Kreuz zu tragen;

take up one’s cross sein Kreuz auf sich nehmen

6. (Gedenk)Kreuz n (Denkmal etc)

7. Kreuz(zeichen) n:

make the sign of the cross sich bekreuzigen

8. Kreuz(zeichen) n (als Unterschrift)

9. Kreuz n, Merkzeichen n:

mark with a cross, put a cross against ankreuzen, mit einem Kreuz bezeichnen

10. Heraldik etc: Kreuz n:

cross potent Krückenkreuz

11. (Ordens-, Ehren) Kreuz n:

Grand Cross Großkreuz

12. Kreuz n, kreuzförmiger Gegenstand

13. TECH Kreuzstück n, kreuzförmiges Röhrenstück

14. TECH Fadenkreuz n

15. ELEK Querschuss m

16. a) Kreuzung f

b) Kreuzungspunkt m

17. Widerwärtigkeit f, Unannehmlichkeit f, Schwierigkeit f

18. BIOL

a) Kreuzung f

b) Kreuzung(sprodukt) f(n) ( between zwischen dat)

19. fig Mittel-, Zwischending n ( beide:

between zwischen dat)

20. Querstrich m

21. SPORT Cross m:

a) (Tennis) diagonal über den Platz geschlagener Ball

b) (Boxen) Schlag, der über den abwehrenden Arm des Gegners auf dessen entgegengesetzte Körperhälfte führt

22. Fußball: Flanke f

23. sl Gaunerei f, Schwindel m:

on the cross auf betrügerische Weise, unehrlich, hintenherum umg

24. besonders SPORT sl Schiebung f

25. Cross ASTRON → a) southern 1, b) northern 1

B v/t

1. bekreuz(ig)en, das Kreuzzeichen machen auf (akk) oder über (dat):

cross o.s. sich bekreuzigen;

cross sb’s hand ( oder palm) (with silver) jemandem (besonders einer Wahrsagerin) Geld in die Hand drücken; → heart Bes Redew

2. kreuzen, übers Kreuz legen:

cross one’s arms

a) die Arme kreuzen oder verschränken,

b) fig die Hände in den Schoß legen;

cross one’s legs die Beine kreuzen oder übereinanderschlagen; → finger A 1, sword

3. eine Grenze, ein Meer, eine Fahrbahn etc überqueren, ein Land etc durchqueren, (hinüber)gehen oder (-)fahren über (akk):

cross the floor (of the House) PARL Br zur Gegenpartei übergehen;

cross sb’s path fig jemandem in die Quere kommen, jemandem über den Weg laufen;

cross the street die Straße überqueren, über die Straße gehen;

it crossed me ( oder my mind) es fiel mir ein, es kam mir in den Sinn; → bridge¹ A 1

4. fig überschreiten

5. sich erstrecken über (akk)

6. hinüberschaffen, -transportieren

7. kreuzen, schneiden:

cross each other sich kreuzen oder schneiden oder treffen

8. sich kreuzen mit:

your letter crossed mine

9. ankreuzen

10. a) oft cross off, cross out aus-, durchstreichen:

cross sb’s name off the list jemandes Namen von der Liste streichen

b) cross off fig abschreiben umg (as als)

11. einen Querstrich ziehen durch:

cross a cheque Br einen Scheck kreuzen (als Verrechnungsscheck kennzeichnen);

cross a t im (Buchstaben) t den Querstrich ziehen

12. SCHIFF die Rahen kaien

13. a) einen Plan etc durchkreuzen, vereiteln

b) jemandem entgegentreten, jemandem in die Quere kommen:

be crossed auf Widerstand stoßen;

be crossed in love Pech in der Liebe haben

14. cross up US umg jemanden reinlegen

15. cross up US umg etwas platzen lassen, vermasseln

16. BIOL kreuzen

17. ein Pferd besteigen

C v/i

1. quer liegen oder verlaufen

2. sich kreuzen, sich schneiden:

their paths crossed again fig ihre Wege kreuzten sich wieder

3. oft cross over (to)

a) hinübergehen, -fahren (zu), übersetzen (nach),

b) hinüberreichen (bis),

c) SPORT flanken

4. sich kreuzen (Briefe)

5. BIOL sich kreuzen (lassen)

6. cross over

a) BIOL Gene austauschen,

b) THEAT die Bühne überqueren

D adj (adv crossly)

1. sich kreuzend, sich (über)schneidend, kreuzweise angelegt oder liegend, quer liegend oder laufend, Quer…

2. schräg, Schräg…

3. wechsel-, gegenseitig (Zahlungen etc)

4. be cross to entgegengesetzt sein (dat), im Widerspruch stehen zu

5. Gegen…, Wider…

6. widerwärtig, unangenehm, ungünstig

7. umg (with) ärgerlich (mit), mürrisch (gegen), böse (auf akk, mit), brummig umg

8. BIOL Kreuzungs…

9. Statistik etc: Querschnitts…, vergleichend

10. Br sl unehrlich

E adv

1. quer

2. über Kreuz, kreuzweise

3. falsch, verkehrt

* * *
1. noun
1) Kreuz, das; (monument) [Gedenk]kreuz, das; (sign) Kreuzzeichen, das

the Cross — das Kreuz [Christi]

2) (cross-shaped thing or mark) Kreuz[zeichen], das

3) (mixture, compromise) Mittelding, das ( between zwischen + Dat.); Mischung, die ( between aus)

4) (affliction, cause of trouble) Kreuz, das

5) (intermixture of breeds) Kreuzung, die

6) (Footb.) Querpass, der; (Boxing) Cross, der
2. transitive verb
1) [über]kreuzen

cross one's arms/legs — die Arme verschränken/die Beine übereinander schlagen

cross one's fingers or keep one's fingers crossed [for somebody] — (fig.) [jemandem] die od. den Daumen drücken/halten

I got a crossed line — (Teleph.) es war jemand in der Leitung

2) (go across) kreuzen; überqueren [Straße, Gewässer, Gebirge]; durchqueren [Land, Wüste, Zimmer]

cross the road — über die Straße gehen

we can cross — abs. die Straße ist frei

the bridge crosses the river — die Brücke führt über den Fluss

cross somebody's mind — (fig.) jemandem einfallen

cross somebody's path — (fig.) jemandem über den Weg laufen (ugs.)

3) (Brit.)

cross a cheque — einen Scheck zur Verrechnung ausstellen

a crossed cheque — ein Verrechnungsscheck

4) (make sign of cross on)

cross oneself — sich bekreuzigen

5) (cause to interbreed) kreuzen; (cross-fertilize) kreuzbefruchten
3. intransitive verb
(meet and pass) aneinander vorbeigehen

cross [in the post] — [Briefe:] sich kreuzen
4. adjective
1) (transverse) Quer-

cross traffic — kreuzender Verkehr

2) (coll.): (peevish) verärgert; ärgerlich [Worte]

somebody will be cross — jemand wird ärgerlich od. böse werden

be cross with somebody — böse auf jemanden od. mit jemandem sein

Phrasal Verbs:

- cross off

- cross out

- cross over

* * *

adj.

durchkreuzen adj.

quer adj.

schief adj.

zuwider adj.

ärgerlich adj. n.

(§ pl.: crosses)

= Flanke -n f.

Flankenball m.

Kreuz -e n. v.

durchqueren v.

kreuzen v.

verschränken (Arme) v.

English-german dictionary > cross
30 e-mail

['i:meil] 1. noun
( also E-mail)

1) (electronic mail: She sent him an email.)

2) ((adjectival) What is your e-mail address?) e-post; elektronisk post; e-mail; e-mail-
2. verb
He promised to e-mail us his answer.) sende med e-post; e-maile

* * *
['i:meil] 1. noun
( also E-mail)

1) (electronic mail: She sent him an email.)

2) ((adjectival) What is your e-mail address?) e-post; elektronisk post; e-mail; e-mail-
2. verb
He promised to e-mail us his answer.) sende med e-post; e-maile

English-Danish dictionary > e-mail
31 email

['i:meil] 1. noun
( also E-mail)

1) (electronic mail: She sent him an email.)

2) ((adjectival) What is your e-mail address?) e-post; elektronisk post; e-mail; e-mail-
2. verb
He promised to e-mail us his answer.) sende med e-post; e-maile

* * *
['i:meil] 1. noun
( also E-mail)

1) (electronic mail: She sent him an email.)

2) ((adjectival) What is your e-mail address?) e-post; elektronisk post; e-mail; e-mail-
2. verb
He promised to e-mail us his answer.) sende med e-post; e-maile

English-Danish dictionary > email
32 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
33 return

rə'tə:n
1. verb
1) (to come or go back: He returns home tomorrow; He returned to London from Paris yesterday; The pain has returned.) volver, regresar

2) (to give, send, put etc (something) back where it came from: He returned the book to its shelf; Don't forget to return the books you borrowed.) devolver

3) (I'll return to this topic in a minute.) volver

4) (to do (something) which has been done to oneself: She hit him and he returned the blow; He said how nice it was to see her again, and she returned the compliment.) devolver

5) ((of voters) to elect (someone) to Parliament.) elegir

6) ((of a jury) to give (a verdict): The jury returned a verdict of not guilty.) pronunciar, declarar

7) ((in tennis etc) to hit (a ball) back to one's opponent: She returned his serve.) devolver

2. noun
1) (the act of returning: On our return, we found the house had been burgled; (also adjective) a return journey.) vuelta, regreso

2) (especially in United Kingdom, a round-trip ticket, a return ticket: Do you want a single or a return?) billete de ida y vuelta

•

- returnable
- return match
- return ticket
- by return of post
- by return
- in return for
- in return
- many happy returns of the day
- many happy returns

return¹ n

1. vuelta / regreso

on our return from our holidays a la vuelta de las vacaciones

2. billete de ida y vuelta

a return to Brighton, please un billete de ida y vuelta a Brighton, por favor

many happy returns of the day! ¡feliz cumpleaños!

return² vb

1. volver / regresar

he returned to his native village volvió a su pueblo natal

2. devolver

have you returned the money she lent you? ¿le has devuelto el dinero que te prestó?

return

tr[rɪ'tɜːn]

noun

1 (coming or going back) vuelta, regreso

■ on his return, he found the safe empty a su regreso, encontró la caja vacía

2 (giving back) devolución nombre femenino

■ I would appreciate the return of my money agradecería que me devolvieran el dinero

3 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (of ball) devolución nombre femenino; (of service) resto

4 (reappearance) reaparición nombre femenino

5 (on keyboard) retorno

6 (profit) beneficio

7 (ticket) billete nombre masculino de ida y vuelta

intransitive verb

1 (come back, go back) volver, regresar

■ he's returning tomorrow vuelve mañana

2 (reappear) reaparecer

transitive verb

1 (give back) devolver

■ have you returned your room key? ¿ha devuelto la llave de su habitación?

2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (ball) devolver; (serve) restar

3 SMALLPOLITICS/SMALL (elect) elegir

4 (verdict) pronunciar

5 (interest) producir

plural noun returns

1 resultados nombre masculino plural electorales

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

by return of post a vuelta de correo

in return for a cambio de

many happy returns (of the day)! ¡feliz cumpleaños!

return to sender devuélvase al remitente

return match partido de vuelta

return ticket billete nombre masculino de ida y vuelta

return [ri'tərn] vi

1) : volver, regresar

to return home: regresar a casa

2) reappear: reaparecer, resurgir

3) answer: responder

return vt

1) replace, restore: devolver, volver (a poner), restituir

to return something to its place: volver a poner algo en su lugar

2) yield: producir, redituar, rendir

3) repay: pagar, devolver

to return a compliment: devolver un cumplido

return adj

: de vuelta

return n

1) returning: regreso m, vuelta f, retorno m

2) or tax return : declaración f de impuestos

3) yield: rédito m, rendimiento m, ganancia f

4) returns npl

data, results: resultados mpl, datos mpl

return

adj.

• de vuelta adj.

n.

• devolución s.f.

• reaparición s.f.

• regreso s.m.

• renta s.f.

• restitución s.f.

• retorno s.m.

• rédito s.m.

• torna s.f.

• tornada s.f.

• volver s.m.

• vuelta s.f.

v.

• devolver v.

• regresar v.

• restituir v.

• retornar v.

• tornar v.

• volver v.

I
1. rɪ'tɜːrn, rɪ'tɜːn
intransitive verb

a) ( go back)

to return (TO something) — ( to a place) volver* or regresar (a algo); (to former activity, state) volver* (a algo)

to return to what we were saying earlier,... — volviendo a lo que decíamos anteriormente,...

b) ( reappear) \<\<symptom\>\> volver* a aparecer, presentarse de nuevo; \<\<doubts/suspicions\>\> resurgir*

2.

vt

1)

a) ( give back) devolver*, regresar (AmL exc CS), restituir* (frml)

she returned the letter to the file — volvió a poner la carta en el archivo

b) ( reciprocate) \<\<affection\>\> corresponder a; \<\<blow/favor\>\> devolver*; \<\<greeting\>\> devolver*, corresponder a

to return somebody's call — devolverle* la llamada a alguien

c) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> devolver*

2) ( Law) \<\<verdict\>\> emitir

3) ( Govt) \<\<candidate\>\> ( re-elect) reelegir*; ( elect) (BrE) elegir*

II

noun

1) u

a) ( to place) regreso m, vuelta f, retorno m (frml o liter)

on his return — a su regreso, a su vuelta

b) (to former activity, state) vuelta f, retorno m

c) ( reappearance) reaparición f

many happy returns of the day! — feliz cumpleaños!, que cumplas muchos más!

2) u c ( to owner) devolución f, regreso m (AmL); ( of thing bought) devolución f

3) (in phrases)

by return (of post) — (BrE) a vuelta de correo

in return — a cambio

in return FOR something — a cambio de algo

4) u c ( profit)

return (ON something) — rendimiento m (de algo)

we haven't seen much return on our efforts — nuestros esfuerzos no se han visto muy recompensados

5) c

a) ( tax return) declaración f (de la renta or de impuestos)

b) returns pl ( data) datos mpl; ( figures) cifras fpl

6) c ( Sport) devolución f

7) c ( ticket) (BrE) boleto m or (Esp) billete m or (Col) tiquete m de ida y vuelta, boleto m de viaje redondo (Méx)

III

adjective (before n)

a) <journey/flight> de vuelta, de regreso; <ticket/fare> (BrE) de ida y vuelta, de viaje redondo (Méx)

by return mail — (AmE) a vuelta de correo

b) ( Sport) de vuelta

[rɪ'tɜːn]
1. N

1) (=going/coming back) vuelta f, regreso m

the return home — la vuelta or el regreso a casa

the return to school — la vuelta or el regreso al colegio

he advocates a return to Victorian values — aboga por una vuelta or un regreso a los valores victorianos

their return to power — su vuelta or retorno al poder

many happy returns (of the day)! — ¡feliz cumpleaños!, ¡felicidades!

he has not ruled out the possibility of making a return to football — no ha descartado la posibilidad de volver al fútbol

on my return — a mi vuelta, a mi regreso

by return (of) post or (US) by return mail — a vuelta de correo
point 1., 5)
2) (=reappearance) [of symptoms, pain] reaparición f ; [of doubts, fears] resurgimiento m

there was no return of the symptoms — los síntomas no volvieron a aparecer, los síntomas no reaparecieron

3) (=giving back) [of thing taken away] devolución f, restitución f frm; [of thing borrowed] devolución f ; (Comm) [of merchandise] devolución f ; [of money] reembolso m, devolución f

they are demanding the return of their lands — exigen la devolución or frm la restitución de sus tierras

he appealed for the return of the hostages — hizo un llamamiento pidiendo la liberación de los rehenes
sale
4) (=thing returned) (Comm) (=merchandise) devolución f ; (=theatre, concert ticket) devolución f, entrada f devuelta; (=library book) libro m devuelto

it's sold out but you might get a return on the night — se han agotado las localidades, pero puede que consiga una entrada devuelta or una devolución la misma noche de la función

5) (Econ) (=profit) ganancia f ; (from investments, shares) rendimiento m

he is looking for quick returns — está buscando rendimiento rápido or ganancias rápidas

they want to get some return on their investment — quieren obtener cierto rendimiento de su inversión

return on capital — rendimiento del capital
diminishing, rate I, 1., 4)
6) (=reward, exchange)

in return — a cambio

they had nothing to give in return — no tenían nada que dar a cambio

in return for this service — a cambio de este servicio

7) returns (=figures) estadísticas fpl ( for de); (=election results) resultados mpl (del escrutinio)

early returns show Dos Santos with 52% of the vote — los primeros resultados del escrutinio muestran que Dos Santos tiene un 52% de los votos
tax 3.
8) (=answer) (in surveys) respuesta f, declaración f

9) (Parl) [of member] (=election) elección f ; (=reelection) reelección f

10) (also: return ticket) billete m de ida y vuelta, billete m redondo (Mex); day

11) (Sport) devolución f

return of serve or service — devolución f del servicio or saque, resto m

12) = return key

13) = carriage return

2. VT

1) (=give back) [+ item] devolver, regresar (LAm), restituir frm; [+ favour, sb's visit, telephone call, blow] devolver; [+ kindness, love] corresponder a; [+ greeting, look, gaze] devolver, responder a

they never return my calls — nunca me devuelven las llamadas

to return good for evil — devolver bien por mal

to return the compliment — devolver el cumplido

to return fire — (Mil) devolver el fuego, responder a los disparos

return to sender — devuélvase al remitente

2) (=put back) volver a colocar

we returned the books to the shelf — volvimos a colocar los libros en el estante

3) (Sport) [+ ball] devolver; (Tennis) devolver, restar; (Bridge) [+ suit of cards] devolver

4) (=declare) [+ income, details] declarar

to return a verdict — emitir or pronunciar un veredicto, emitir un fallo

they returned a verdict of guilty/not guilty — lo declararon culpable/inocente

5) (Pol) (=elect) elegir, votar a; (=reelect) reelegir

to return sb to power — reelegir a algn

6) (Econ) [+ profit, income] reportar, rendir

7) (=reply) responder, contestar

3. VI

1) (=go/come back) volver, regresar

he left home, never to return — se marchó de casa, para no volver or regresar jamás

to return home — volver or regresar a casa

to return to — [+ place] volver or regresar a; [+ activity, state] volver a

I returned to my hotel — volví or regresé a mi hotel

things have returned to normal — las cosas han vuelto a la normalidad

to return to a task — volver a una tarea

to return to a theme — volver sobre un tema

to return to what we were talking about,... — volviendo al asunto del que estábamos hablando,...

2) (=reappear) [symptoms] volver a aparecer, reaparecer; [doubts, fears, suspicions] volver a surgir, resurgir

his good spirits returned — renació su alegría

3) (Jur) revertir (to a)

on my father's death the farm returned to my brother — al morir mi padre, la granja revirtió a mi hermano

4.

CPD [journey, flight] de regreso, de vuelta

return address N — señas fpl del remitente

return fare N — billete m de ida y vuelta, billete m redondo (Mex)

return flight N — (Brit) (=journey back) (vuelo m de) vuelta f ; (=two-way journey) (vuelo m de) ida y vuelta f

return game N — = return match

return journey N — (Brit) (=journey back) (viaje m de) vuelta f ; (=two-way journey) (viaje m de) ida y vuelta f

return key N — (Comput) tecla f de retorno

return match N — (Brit) (Sport) partido m de vuelta

return ticket N — (Brit) billete m de ida y vuelta or (Mex) redondo

return trip N — (=journey back) (viaje m de) vuelta f ; (=two-way journey) (viaje m de) ida y vuelta f

return visit N — (=repeat visit) nueva visita f

* * *

I
1. [rɪ'tɜːrn, rɪ'tɜːn]
intransitive verb

a) ( go back)

to return (TO something) — ( to a place) volver* or regresar (a algo); (to former activity, state) volver* (a algo)

to return to what we were saying earlier,... — volviendo a lo que decíamos anteriormente,...

b) ( reappear) \<\<symptom\>\> volver* a aparecer, presentarse de nuevo; \<\<doubts/suspicions\>\> resurgir*

2.

vt

1)

a) ( give back) devolver*, regresar (AmL exc CS), restituir* (frml)

she returned the letter to the file — volvió a poner la carta en el archivo

b) ( reciprocate) \<\<affection\>\> corresponder a; \<\<blow/favor\>\> devolver*; \<\<greeting\>\> devolver*, corresponder a

to return somebody's call — devolverle* la llamada a alguien

c) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> devolver*

2) ( Law) \<\<verdict\>\> emitir

3) ( Govt) \<\<candidate\>\> ( re-elect) reelegir*; ( elect) (BrE) elegir*

II

noun

1) u

a) ( to place) regreso m, vuelta f, retorno m (frml o liter)

on his return — a su regreso, a su vuelta

b) (to former activity, state) vuelta f, retorno m

c) ( reappearance) reaparición f

many happy returns of the day! — feliz cumpleaños!, que cumplas muchos más!

2) u c ( to owner) devolución f, regreso m (AmL); ( of thing bought) devolución f

3) (in phrases)

by return (of post) — (BrE) a vuelta de correo

in return — a cambio

in return FOR something — a cambio de algo

4) u c ( profit)

return (ON something) — rendimiento m (de algo)

we haven't seen much return on our efforts — nuestros esfuerzos no se han visto muy recompensados

5) c

a) ( tax return) declaración f (de la renta or de impuestos)

b) returns pl ( data) datos mpl; ( figures) cifras fpl

6) c ( Sport) devolución f

7) c ( ticket) (BrE) boleto m or (Esp) billete m or (Col) tiquete m de ida y vuelta, boleto m de viaje redondo (Méx)

III

adjective (before n)

a) <journey/flight> de vuelta, de regreso; <ticket/fare> (BrE) de ida y vuelta, de viaje redondo (Méx)

by return mail — (AmE) a vuelta de correo

b) ( Sport) de vuelta

English-spanish dictionary > return
34 Preece, Sir William Henry

SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology, Public utilities, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 15 February 1834 Bryn Helen, Gwynedd, Wales

d. 6 November 1913 Penrhos, Gwynedd, Wales

[br]

Welsh electrical engineer who greatly furthered the development and use of wireless telegraphy and the telephone in Britain, dominating British Post Office engineering during the last two decades of the nineteenth century.

[br]

After education at King's College, London, in 1852 Preece entered the office of Edwin Clark with the intention of becoming a civil engineer, but graduate studies at the Royal Institution under Faraday fired his enthusiasm for things electrical. His earliest work, as connected with telegraphy and in particular its application for securing the safe working of railways; in 1853 he obtained an appointment with the Electric and National Telegraph Company. In 1856 he became Superintendent of that company's southern district, but four years later he moved to telegraph work with the London and South West Railway. From 1858 to 1862 he was also Engineer to the Channel Islands Telegraph Company. When the various telegraph companies in Britain were transferred to the State in 1870, Preece became a Divisional Engineer in the General Post Office (GPO). Promotion followed in 1877, when he was appointed Chief Electrician to the Post Office. One of the first specimens of Bell's telephone was brought to England by Preece and exhibited at the British Association meeting in 1877. From 1892 to 1899 he served as Engineer-in-Chief to the Post Office. During this time he made a number of important contributions to telegraphy, including the use of water as part of telegraph circuits across the Solent (1882) and the Bristol Channel (1888). He also discovered the existence of inductive effects between parallel wires, and with Fleming showed that a current (thermionic) flowed between the hot filament and a cold conductor in an incandescent lamp.

Preece was distinguished by his administrative ability, some scientific insight, considerable engineering intuition and immense energy. He held erroneous views about telephone transmission and, not accepting the work of Oliver Heaviside, made many errors when planning trunk circuits. Prior to the successful use of Hertzian waves for wireless communication Preece carried out experiments, often on a large scale, in attempts at wireless communication by inductive methods. These became of historic interest only when the work of Maxwell and Hertz was developed by Guglielmo Marconi. It is to Preece that credit should be given for encouraging Marconi in 1896 and collaborating with him in his early experimental work on radio telegraphy.

While still employed by the Post Office, Preece contributed to the development of numerous early public electricity schemes, acting as Consultant and often supervising their construction. At Worcester he was responsible for Britain's largest nineteenth-century public hydro-electric station. He received a knighthood on his retirement in 1899, after which he continued his consulting practice in association with his two sons and Major Philip Cardew. Preece contributed some 136 papers and printed lectures to scientific journals, ninety-nine during the period 1877 to 1894.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

CB 1894. Knighted (KCB) 1899. FRS 1881. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers, 1880. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1880, 1893. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1898–9. Chairman, Royal Society of Arts 1901–2.

Bibliography

Preece produced numerous papers on telegraphy and telephony that were presented as Royal Institution Lectures (see Royal Institution Library of Science, 1974) or as British Association reports.

1862–3, "Railway telegraphs and the application of electricity to the signaling and working of trains", Proceedings of the ICE 22:167–93.

Eleven editions of Telegraphy (with J.Sivewright), London, 1870, were published by 1895.

1883, "Molecular radiation in incandescent lamps", Proceedings of the Physical Society 5: 283.

1885. "Molecular shadows in incandescent lamps". Proceedings of the Physical Society 7: 178.

1886. "Electric induction between wires and wires", British Association Report. 1889, with J.Maier, The Telephone.

1894, "Electric signalling without wires", RSA Journal.

1898, "Aetheric telegraphy", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.

Further Reading

J.J.Fahie, 1899, History of Wireless Telegraphy 1838–1899, Edinburgh: Blackwood. E.Hawkes, 1927, Pioneers of Wireless, London: Methuen.

E.C.Baker, 1976, Sir William Preece, F.R.S. Victorian Engineer Extraordinary, London (a detailed biography with an appended list of his patents, principal lectures and publications).

D.G.Tucker, 1981–2, "Sir William Preece (1834–1913)", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 53:119–36 (a critical review with a summary of his consultancies).

GW / KF

Biographical history of technology > Preece, Sir William Henry
35 correo

correo sustantivo masculino
a) mail, post (BrE);

◊ envíamelo por correo mail (AmE) o (BrE) post it to me;
echar una carta al correo to mail (AmE) o (BrE) post a letter; correo aéreo air mail; correo certificado o (Col, Ur) recomendado registered mail; correo electrónico e-mail, electronic mail; correo urgente special delivery; de correos ‹servicio/huelga› postal ( before n)
b) ( tren) mail train

c) ( oficina) tb

◊ Ccorreos (Esp) post office

d) ( mensajero) messenger

correo
I sustantivo masculino post, US mail
echar al correo, to post
por correo, by post
correo aéreo, airmail
correo certificado, registered post Inform correo electrónico, e-mail
(tren) correo, mail train
II correos (no lleva artículo en ningún caso) (edificio) post office sing (servicio) The Post Office ' correo' also found in these entries: Spanish: certificada - certificado - despachar - mandar - olvidarse - repartir - reparto - urgente - vagón - vía - votar - vuelta - carta - casilla - correspondencia - expreso - gasto - giro - ordinario - recogida - tren - venta - voto English: airmail - direct-mail advertising - e-mail - email - forget - forward - letter box - mail - mail order - mailtrain - pony express - post - postage stamp - recorded - registered post - remind - return - second-class - send away for - send off for - air - box - class - courier - electronic - E-mail - junk - special - voice

English-spanish dictionary > correo
36 office

'ofis
noun

1) (the room or building in which the business of a firm is done: The firm's head offices are in New York; (also adjective) office furniture.) despacho, oficina

2) (the room in which a particular person works: the bank manager's office.) despacho, oficina

3) (a room or building used for a particular purpose: Train tickets are bought at the ticket-office.) oficina

4) (a position of authority, especially in or as a government: Our party has not been in office for years; the office of mayor.) cargo

•

- officer

office n despacho / oficina

office

tr['ɒfɪs]

noun

1 (room) despacho, oficina; (building) oficina; (staff) oficina

2 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL ministerio

■ the Foreign Office el Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores

3 (post, position) cargo

4 SMALLRELIGION/SMALL oficio

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be in office estar en el poder

to hold office ocupar un cargo

to leave office dimitir, dejar el cargo

to seek office aspirar a un cargo

through somebody's good offices gracias a los buenos oficios de alguien

doctor's office SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL consultorio, consulta

office block edificio de oficinas

office boy recadero

office holder titular nombre masulino o femenino del cargo

office hours horas nombre femenino plural de oficina

office junior auxiliar nombre masulino o femenino de oficina

office work trabajo de oficina

office worker oficinista nombre masulino o femenino

office ['ɔfəs] n

1) : cargo m

to run for office: presentarse como candidato

2) : oficina f, despacho m, gabinete m (en la casa)

office hours: horas de oficina

office

adj.

• de oficina adj.

• oficinesco, -a adj.

n.

• bufete de abogado s.m.

• departamento s.m.

• despacho s.m.

• encargo s.m.

• escritorio s.m.

• gabinete s.m.

• oficina s.f.

• oficio s.m.

• puesto s.m.

'ɑːfəs, 'ɒfɪs
noun

1) c ( room) oficina f, despacho m; (building, set of rooms) oficina f, oficinas fpl; ( staff) oficina f; ( lawyer's office) bufete m or despacho m (de abogado); ( doctor's office) (AmE) consultorio m, consulta f

the company's New York office — las oficinas de la compañía en Nueva York; (before n) <work, furniture> de oficina; <block, building> de oficinas

during office hours — en horas de oficina

office worker — oficinista mf, empleado, -da m,f de oficina, administrativo, -va m,f

2) u (post, position) cargo m

to take office — tomar posesión del cargo

he was in office for three years — ocupó el cargo durante tres años

the party was in/out of office — el partido estaba/ya no estaba en el poder

term of o (AmE also) in office — mandato m

3) c ( Relig) oficio m

['ɒfɪs]
1. N

1) (=place) oficina f ; (=room) despacho m ; [of lawyer] bufete m ; (US) [of doctor] consultorio m

2) (=part of organization) sección f, departamento m ; (=ministry) ministerio m ; (=branch) sucursal f ; foreign 2., head 4.

3) (=public position) cargo m ; (=duty, function) función f

it is my office to — + infin tengo el deber de + infin, me incumbe + infin

to perform the office of sb — hacer las veces de algn

to be in/hold office — [person] desempeñar or ocupar un cargo; [political party] ocupar el poder

to be out of office — no estar en el poder

to come into or take office — [person] tomar posesión del cargo (as de); [political party] acceder al poder

to leave office — [person] dejar el cargo; [government] salir del poder
remove 1., 6)
4) offices
frm
through his good offices — mediante sus buenos oficios

through the offices of — por mediación or medio de

5) (Rel) oficio m

Office for the Dead — oficio de difuntos

2.

CPD de oficina

office automation N — ofimática f, buromática f

office bearer N — titular mf (de una cartera)

office block N — (Brit) bloque m de oficinas

office boy N — recadero m, mandadero m (LAm)

office building N — = office block

office equipment N — mobiliario m de oficina

office furniture N — mobiliario m de oficina

office holder N — funcionario(-a) m / f

office hours NPL — (Brit) horas fpl de oficina; (US) horas fpl de consulta

office job N — trabajo m de oficina

office junior N — auxiliar m / f de oficina

office manager N — gerente mf

Office of Fair Trading N — (Brit) departamento encargado de mantener las normas comerciales establecidos

Office of Management and Budget N — (US) organismo encargado de elaborar el presupuesto del Estado

office party N — fiesta f de la oficina

office politics N — intrigas fpl de oficina

office staff N — personal m de oficina

office supplies NPL — material m de oficina

office work N — trabajo m de oficina

office worker N — (gen) oficinista mf ; (=civil servant etc) funcionario(-a) m / f

* * *
['ɑːfəs, 'ɒfɪs]
noun

1) c ( room) oficina f, despacho m; (building, set of rooms) oficina f, oficinas fpl; ( staff) oficina f; ( lawyer's office) bufete m or despacho m (de abogado); ( doctor's office) (AmE) consultorio m, consulta f

the company's New York office — las oficinas de la compañía en Nueva York; (before n) <work, furniture> de oficina; <block, building> de oficinas

during office hours — en horas de oficina

office worker — oficinista mf, empleado, -da m,f de oficina, administrativo, -va m,f

2) u (post, position) cargo m

to take office — tomar posesión del cargo

he was in office for three years — ocupó el cargo durante tres años

the party was in/out of office — el partido estaba/ya no estaba en el poder

term of o (AmE also) in office — mandato m

3) c ( Relig) oficio m

English-spanish dictionary > office
37 station

'steiʃən
1. noun
1) (a place with a ticket office, waiting rooms etc, where trains, buses or coaches stop to allow passengers to get on or off: a bus station; She arrived at the station in good time for her train.)

2) (a local headquarters or centre of work of some kind: How many fire-engines are kept at the fire station?; a radio station; Where is the police station?; military/naval stations.)

3) (a post or position (eg of a guard or other person on duty): The watchman remained at his station all night.)

2. verb
(to put (a person, oneself, troops etc in a place or position to perform some duty): He stationed himself at the corner of the road to keep watch; The regiment is stationed abroad.)

- stationary

station n estación

a railway station una estación de ferrocarril

a bus station una estación de autobuses

La palabra station entra en la formación de muchos compuestos con diferente traducción, por ejemplo: fire station ( parque de bomberos), petrol station ( gasolinera), police station ( comisaría de policía), power station ( central eléctrica ) o radio station ( emisora de radio)

station

tr['steɪʃən]

noun

1 (railway) estación nombre femenino (de ferrocarril); (underground) estación nombre femenino de metro; (bus, coach) estación nombre femenino, terminal nombre femenino

2 (radio) emisora, estación nombre femenino, radio nombre femenino; (TV) canal nombre masculino

3 SMALLAGRICULTURE/SMALL granja

■ a sheep station una granja de ganado ovino

4 (social rank) condición nombre femenino social, posición nombre femenino social

5 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL puesto

■ action stations! ¡zafarrancho de combate!, ¡a sus puestos de combate!

transitive verb

1 (put) colocar, emplazar, instalar

2 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL estacionar, apostar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to have ideas above one's station tener delirios de grandeza

to marry above/beneath one's station casarse con alguien de posición social superior/inferior a la suya

to station oneself colocarse

station wagon coche nombre masculino familiar, ranchera

weather station estación nombre femenino meteorológica

station ['steɪʃən] vt

: apostar, estacionar

station n

1) : estación f (de trenes, etc.)

2) rank, standing: condición f (social)

3) : canal m (de televisión), estación f o emisora f (de radio)

4)

police station : comisaría f

5)

fire station : estación f de bomberos, cuartel m de bomberos

station

n.

• apostadero s.m.

• apostadero naval s.m.

• camino s.m.

• condición s.f.

• estación s.f.

• etapa s.f.

• paradero s.m.

• puesto s.m.

• situación s.f.

v.

• apostar v.

• colocar v.

• estacionar v.

• situar v.

I 'steɪʃən
noun

1)

a) ( Rail) estación f

b) ( bus station) estación f or terminal f de autobuses

2) ( place of operations)

research station — centro m de investigación

weather station — estación f meteorológica; see also fire station, gas station, police station

3) (TV) canal m; ( Rad) emisora f, estación f, radio f

4)

a) ( Mil) puesto m

action stations! — zafarrancho de combate!, a sus puestos de combate!

b) ( Relig)

the Stations of the Cross — el Vía Crucis, las Estaciones de la Cruz

5) ( social rank) condición f, clase f social

to have ideas above one's station — tener* delirios de grandeza

II

transitive verb

a) ( position) \<\<sentries\>\> apostar*, emplazar*

she stationed herself behind the wall — se colocó detrás de la pared

b) ( post) (usu pass) \<\<personnel\>\> destinar, destacar*; \<\<fleetoops\>\> emplazar*, estacionar

['steɪʃǝn]
1. N

1) (Rail) estación f (de ferrocarril); (=police station) comisaría f ; (US) (=gas station) gasolinera f, fuente f, grifo m (Peru); bus, fire 4.

2) (esp Mil) (=post) puesto m

to take up one's station — colocarse, ir a su puesto

from my station by the window — desde el sitio donde estaba junto a la ventana

Roman station — sitio m ocupado por los romanos

Stations of the Cross — (Rel) Vía f Crucis

3) (Rad) emisora f

4) (=social position) rango m

to have ideas above one's station — darse aires de superioridad

to marry below one's station — casarse con un hombre/una mujer de posición social inferior

of humble station — de baja posición social, de condición humilde

a man of exalted station — un hombre de rango elevado

2. VT

1) (Mil) estacionar, apostar; [+ missile etc] emplazar

2) (fig) colocar, situar

to station o.s. — colocarse, situarse

3.

CPD

station break N — (US) pausa para publicidad de la propia cadena

station house N — (US) (Rail) estación f de ferrocarril; (US) (Police) comisaría f

station master N — (Rail) jefe m de estación

station wag(g)on N — (esp US) (Aut) furgoneta f, camioneta f

* * *

I ['steɪʃən]
noun

1)

a) ( Rail) estación f

b) ( bus station) estación f or terminal f de autobuses

2) ( place of operations)

research station — centro m de investigación

weather station — estación f meteorológica; see also fire station, gas station, police station

3) (TV) canal m; ( Rad) emisora f, estación f, radio f

4)

a) ( Mil) puesto m

action stations! — zafarrancho de combate!, a sus puestos de combate!

b) ( Relig)

the Stations of the Cross — el Vía Crucis, las Estaciones de la Cruz

5) ( social rank) condición f, clase f social

to have ideas above one's station — tener* delirios de grandeza

II

transitive verb

a) ( position) \<\<sentries\>\> apostar*, emplazar*

she stationed herself behind the wall — se colocó detrás de la pared

b) ( post) (usu pass) \<\<personnel\>\> destinar, destacar*; \<\<fleet/troops\>\> emplazar*, estacionar

English-spanish dictionary > station
38 after

1. adverb
1) (later) danach

two days after — zwei Tage danach od. später

2) (behind) hinterher
2. preposition
1) (following in time, as result of) nach

after six months — nach sechs Monaten

after you — nach Ihnen

time after time — wieder und wieder

day after day — Tag für Tag

2) (behind) hinter (+ Dat.)

what are you after? — was suchst du denn?; (to questioner) was willst du wirklich wissen?

she's only after his money — sie ist nur hinter seinem Geld her

3) (about)

ask after somebody/something — nach jemandem/etwas fragen

4) (next in importance to) nach

5) (in spite of) nach

after all — schließlich

so you've come after all! — du bist also doch gekommen!

* * *
1. preposition
1) (later in time or place than: After the car came a bus.) nach

2) (following (often indicating repetition): one thing after another; night after night.) nach

3) (behind: Shut the door after you!) hinter

4) (in search or pursuit of: He ran after the bus.) hinter...her

5) (considering: After all I've done you'd think he'd thank me; It's sad to fail after all that work.) nach

6) ((American: in telling the time) past: It's a quarter after ten.) nach
2. adverb
(later in time or place: They arrived soon after.) danach
3. conjunction
(later than the time when: After she died we moved house twice.) nachdem

- academic.ru/1091/aftermath">aftermath
- afterthought
- afterwards
- after all
- be after
* * *

af·ter

[ˈɑ:ftəʳ, AM ˈæftɚ]

I. prep

1. (later time) nach + dat

\after two weeks of vacationing nach zwei Wochen Ferien

he always takes a nap \after lunch er macht nach dem Mittagessen immer einen kurzen Mittagsschlaf

the day \after tomorrow übermorgen

\after hours (in pubs) außerhalb der gesetzlich erlaubten Zeit, nach der Polizeistunde; (in shops) nach Ladenschluss; (working hours) nach Feierabend

[a] quarter \after six AM [um] Viertel nach Sechs

the week \after next übernächste Woche

2. (in pursuit of)

▪ to be \after sb/sth hinter jdm/etw her sein

you're chasing \after sth you can't have du jagst etwas hinterher, was du nicht haben kannst

most of them are \after money die meisten von ihnen sind nur hinter dem Geld her [o auf das Geld aus

3. (following) nach + dat

the letter C comes \after B der Buchstabe C kommt nach B

\after you! nach Ihnen!

\after you with the butter! reichst du mir dann bitte auch die Butter?

4. (many in succession) nach + dat

day \after day Tag für Tag

hour \after hour Stunde um Stunde

time \after time immer wieder

she ate one piece of cake \after another sie aß ein Stück Kuchen nach dem anderen

5. (behind) nach + dat

can you lock up \after you? können Sie zuschließen, wenn Sie gehen?

he shut the door \after them er machte die Tür hinter ihnen zu

she stared \after him in disbelief sie starrte ihm ungläubig nach

6. (result of) nach + dat

\after what he did to me, I'll never talk to him again nach dem, was er mir angetan hat, werde ich nie wieder ein Wort mit ihm wechseln

7. (in honour of) nach + dat

to name sb/sth \after sb/sth jdn/etw nach jdm/etw [be]nennen

they named her Anne, \after her father's sister sie haben sie Anne genannt, nach der Schwester ihres Vaters

8. (similar to) nach + dat

a painting \after Picasso ein Gemälde im Stil von Picasso

to take \after sb jdm nachschlagen

she takes \after her mother sie kommt nach ihrer Mutter

9. (about) nach + dat

he inquired \after his uncle's health er erkundigte sich nach dem Befinden seines Onkels

10. (in comparison to) verglichen mit + dat

my children seem small \after his meine Kinder wirken klein verglichen mit seinen

11.

▶ \after all (in spite of) trotz + dat

\after all his efforts, he still failed the driving test trotz all seiner Bemühungen fiel er durch die Führerscheinprüfung

he rang and told me that he couldn't come \after all er hat angerufen und mir gesagt, dass er doch nicht kommen könne; (giving reason) schließlich

you are my husband, \after all du bist schließlich mein Mann

she promised it, \after all sie hat es immerhin versprochen

▶ to be \after doing sth IRISH (going to do) dabei sein, etw zu tun; (just done) gerade etw getan haben

II. conj nachdem

I'll call you \after I take a shower ich rufe dich an, wenn ich geduscht habe

right [or straight] [or immediately] \after sth unmittelbar nachdem...

I went to the post office straight \after I left you ich bin direkt von dir zur Post gelaufen

soon [or shortly] [or not long] \after sth kurz nachdem...

soon \after we joined the motorway, the car started to make a strange noise wir waren noch nicht lange auf der Autobahn, da gab der Motor ein seltsames Geräusch von sich

III. adv inv

1. (at a later time) danach

the day/week \after einen Tag/eine Woche danach [o darauf]

shortly [or soon] \after kurz [o bald] darauf

2. (behind)

marriage, house, baby — and what comes \after? Hochzeit, Haus, Kinder — und was kommt dann?

a mouse ran into the bushes and the cat ran \after eine Maus rannte in die Büsche und die Katze hinterher

3. ( fam: afterwards) danach, nachher

what are you going to do \after? was hast du danach noch vor?

IV. adj inv, attr ( liter) später

in \after years in späteren Jahren

* * *
I ['Aːftə(r)]
adj attr (NAUT)
Achter-
the after deck — das Achterdeck
II
1. prep

1) (time) nach (+dat)

after dinner — nach dem Essen

after that — danach

the day after tomorrow — übermorgen

the week after next — die übernächste Woche

I'll be back the week after next — ich bin übernächste Woche wieder da

it was after two o'clock — es war nach zwei

ten after eight (US) — zehn nach acht

2) (order) nach (+dat), hinter (+dat); (in priorities etc) nach (+dat)

the noun comes after the verb — das Substantiv steht nach or hinter dem Verb

I would put Keats after Shelley —

after Germany, Japan is our biggest market — nach Deutschland ist Japan unser größter Markt

after you — nach Ihnen

I was after him (in queue etc) — ich war nach ihm dran

after you with the salt — kann ich das Salz nach dir haben?

3) (place) hinter (+dat)

he shut the door after him — er machte die Tür hinter ihm zu

turn right about a mile after the village — biegen Sie etwa eine Meile nach dem Dorf rechts ab

to shout after sb — hinter jdm herrufen or -schreien

to shout sth after sb — jdm etw nachrufen

4) (= as a result of) nach (+dat)

after what has happened — nach allem, was geschehen ist

after this you might believe me — jetzt wirst du mir vielleicht endlich glauben

5)

(= in spite of) to do sth after all — etw schließlich doch tun

after all our efforts! — und das, nachdem or wo (inf) wir uns so viel Mühe gegeben haben!

after all I've done for you! — und das nach allem, was ich für dich getan habe!

after all, he is your brother —

and to do this after I had warned him — und das, nachdem ich ihn gewarnt hatte

6) (succession) nach (+dat)

you tell me lie after lie — du erzählst mir eine Lüge nach der anderen, du belügst mich am laufenden Band

it's just one thing after another or the other — es kommt eins nach dem anderen or eins zum anderen

one after the other — eine(r, s) nach der/dem anderen

one after the other she rejected all the offers — sie schlug ein Angebot nach dem anderen aus

day after day —

we marched on for mile after mile — wir marschierten Meile um Meile weiter

before us lay mile after mile of barren desert — vor uns erstreckte sich meilenweit trostlose Wüste

7) (manner = according to) nach (+dat)

after El Greco — in der Art von El Greco, nach El Greco

she takes after her mother — sie schlägt ihrer Mutter nach

8)

(pursuit, inquiry) to be after sb/sth — hinter jdm/etw her sein

she asked or inquired after you — sie hat sich nach dir erkundigt

what are you after? — was willst du?

he's just after a free meal/a bit of excitement — er ist nur auf ein kostenloses Essen/ein bisschen Abwechslung aus

2. adv
(time, order) danach; (place, pursuit) hinterher
for years/weeks after — noch Jahre/Wochen or jahrelang/wochenlang danach

the year/week after — das Jahr/die Woche danach or darauf

I'll be back some time the year after — ich komme irgendwann im Jahr danach or im darauffolgenden Jahr wieder

soon after —

what comes after? the car drove off with the dog running after — was kommt danach or nachher? das Auto fuhr los und der Hund rannte hinterher

3. conj
nachdem
after he had closed the door he began to speak — nachdem er die Tür geschlossen hatte, begann er zu sprechen

what will you do after he's gone? — was machst du, wenn er weg ist?

after finishing it I will... — wenn ich das fertig habe, werde ich...

after arriving they went... — nachdem sie angekommen waren, gingen sie...

4. adj

in after years — in späteren Jahren

5. n afters

6. pl (Brit inf)
Nachtisch m
what's for afters? — was gibts hinterher or als or zum Nachtisch?

* * *

after [ˈɑːftə; US ˈæftər]

A adv nachher, hinterher, danach, darauf, später:

for months after noch monatelang;

during the weeks after in den (nach)folgenden Wochen;

that comes after das kommt nachher;

shortly after kurz danach; → day Bes Redew

B präp

1. hinter (dat) … her, nach, hinter (dat):

close the door after sb die Tür hinter jemandem zumachen;

he came after me

a) er kam hinter mir her,

b) er kam nach mir;

be after sb (sth) fig hinter jemandem (einer Sache) her sein;

be after sth auch auf etwas aus sein, es auf etwas abgesehen haben;

after you bitte nach Ihnen!; → go after, look after

2. (zeitlich) nach:

after a week auch nach Ablauf einer Woche;

ten after five US 10 nach 5;

day after day Tag für Tag;

blow after blow Schlag auf Schlag;

wave after wave Welle um Welle;

the month after next der übernächste Monat;

one after the other einer (eine, eines) nach dem (der, dem) andern, nacheinander, hintereinander;

after all

a) schließlich, im Grunde, eigentlich, alles in allem,

b) immerhin, dennoch,

c) (also) doch,

d) doch (noch);

I think I’ll stay at home after all ich bleibe doch lieber zu Haus;

after all my trouble trotz aller meiner Mühe;

after what has happened nach dem, was geschehen ist; → hour 5

3. (im Range) nach:

the greatest poet after Shakespeare

4. nach, gemäß:

after his nature seinem Wesen gemäß;

a picture after Rubens ein Gemälde nach oder im Stil von Rubens;

after what you have told me nach dem, was Sie mir erzählt haben; → heart Bes Redew

C adj

1. später:

in after years

2. hinter(er, e, es), SCHIFF Achter…:

after deck

D konj nachdem:

after he had sat down

E s afters pl (auch als sg konstruiert) Br umg Nachtisch m:

for afters als oder zum Nachtisch

p. abk

1. page S.

2. part T.

3. LING participle Part.

4. past

5. Br penny, pence

6. per

7. post, after

8. power

* * *
1. adverb
1) (later) danach

two days after — zwei Tage danach od. später

2) (behind) hinterher
2. preposition
1) (following in time, as result of) nach

after six months — nach sechs Monaten

after you — nach Ihnen

time after time — wieder und wieder

day after day — Tag für Tag

2) (behind) hinter (+ Dat.)

what are you after? — was suchst du denn?; (to questioner) was willst du wirklich wissen?

she's only after his money — sie ist nur hinter seinem Geld her

3) (about)

ask after somebody/something — nach jemandem/etwas fragen

4) (next in importance to) nach

5) (in spite of) nach

after all — schließlich

so you've come after all! — du bist also doch gekommen!

* * *

adj.

Hinter- Präfix adv.

gemäß adv.

hinterher (örtlich) adv.

nachher adv. prep.

nach präp.

English-german dictionary > after
39 upright

1. adjective
1) aufrecht; steil [Schrift]

a chair with an upright back — ein Stuhl mit einem geraden Rücken[teil]

upright piano — Klavier, das

set/stand/hold something upright — etwas aufrecht hinstellen/halten

stand upright — aufrecht stehen

sit upright — aufrecht sitzen

hold oneself upright — sich geradehalten; see also academic.ru/8035/bolt">bolt 4.

2) (fig.): (honourable) aufrecht
2. noun
1) seitliche Leiste; (of ladder) Holm, der

2) (piano) Klavier, das

* * *
1. adjective
1) (( also adverb) standing straight up; erect or vertical: He placed the books upright in the bookcase; She stood upright; a row of upright posts.) aufrecht

2) ((of a person) just and honest: an upright, honourable man.) rechtschaffen
2. noun
(an upright post etc supporting a construction: When building the fence, place the uprights two metres apart.) die Stütze

* * *

up·right

[ˈʌpraɪt]

I. adj

1. (vertical) senkrecht; (erect) stehend, aufrecht

the umpire's \upright finger der erhobene Finger des Schiedsrichters

\upright freezer Gefrierschrank m

\upright unit Standgerät nt

\upright vacuum cleaner Handstaubsauger m

2. ( approv: honest) aufrecht, redlich, anständig

he's an \upright citizen er ist ein rechtschaffener Bürger

II. adv (vertical) senkrecht; (erect) aufrecht

bolt \upright kerzengerade

to sit/stand \upright aufrecht [o gerade] sitzen/stehen

III. n

1. (upright piano) Klavier nt

2. TECH (perpendicular) [Stütz]pfeiler m, Pfosten m; (column) Säule f

3. FBALL Pfosten m

4. (vacuum) Stabstaubsauger m

* * *
['ʌpraɪt]
1. adj

1) (= erect) aufrecht; (= vertical) post senkrecht

upright chair — Stuhl m

upright vacuum cleaner — Bürst(staub)sauger m

upright freezer — Gefrierschrank m

2) (fig: honest) person, character aufrecht, rechtschaffen

2. adv
(= erect) aufrecht, gerade; (vertical) senkrecht
to hold oneself upright — sich gerade halten

to pull sb/oneself upright — jdn/sich aufrichten

3. n

1) (= post) Pfosten m

2) (= piano) Klavier nt

* * *

upright

A adj (adv uprightly)

1. aufrecht, senkrecht, gerade:

upright axle TECH stehende Welle;

upright drill TECH Senkrechtbohrer m;

upright freezer Tiefkühl-, Gefrierschrank m;

upright piano → C 5;

upright projection MATH Aufriss m;

upright size → C 2;

upright vacuum cleaner Handstaubsauger m

2. aufrecht (sitzend oder stehend oder gehend)

3. fig [ˈʌpraıt] aufrecht, rechtschaffen, anständig (Bürger etc)

B adv aufrecht:

sit upright gerade sitzen

C s [ˈʌpraıt]

1. senkrechte Stellung

2. Hochformat n

3. (senkrechte) Stütze, Träger m, Ständer m, Pfosten m, (Treppen)Säule f

4. SPORT (Tor)Pfosten m

5. Klavier n

* * *
1. adjective
1) aufrecht; steil [Schrift]

a chair with an upright back — ein Stuhl mit einem geraden Rücken[teil]

upright piano — Klavier, das

set/stand/hold something upright — etwas aufrecht hinstellen/halten

stand upright — aufrecht stehen

sit upright — aufrecht sitzen

hold oneself upright — sich geradehalten; see also bolt 4.

2) (fig.): (honourable) aufrecht
2. noun
1) seitliche Leiste; (of ladder) Holm, der

2) (piano) Klavier, das

English-german dictionary > upright
40 rock

[rɔk] 1. n
( substance) skała f; ( boulder) skała f, głaz m; (US) ( small stone) kamień m; (also: rock music) rock m; ( BRIT) ( sweet) twardy cukierek w kształcie spiralnej laseczki
2. vt
person baby, cradle kołysać; waves ship kołysać +instr; explosion, news wstrząsać (wstrząsnąć perf) +instr
3. vi
kołysać się (zakołysać się perf)

on the rocks — ( drink) z lodem post; ( ship) na skałach post; ( marriage etc) w rozsypce post

to rock the boat ( fig) — wprowadzać (wprowadzić perf) zamieszanie

* * *
I [rok] noun
1) ((a large lump or mass of) the solid parts of the surface of the Earth: The ship struck a rock and sank; the rocks on the seashore; He built his house on solid rock.) skała

2) (a large stone: The climber was killed by a falling rock.) głaz

3) (a type of hard sweet made in sticks: a stick of Edinburgh rock.) rodzaj cukierka

•

- rockery
- rocky
- rockiness
- rock-bottom
- rock-garden
- rock-plant
- on the rocks II [rok] verb
1) (to (cause to) swing gently backwards and forwards or from side to side: The mother rocked the cradle; This cradle rocks.) kołysać (się)

2) (to swing (a baby) gently in one's arms to comfort it or make it sleep.) kołysać

3) (to shake or move violently: The earthquake rocked the building.) zakołysać się

•

- rocker
- rocky
- rockiness
- rocking-chair
- rocking-horse
- off one's rocker III [rok]
((also rock music) music or songs with a strong, heavy beat and usually a simple melody: She likes rock; ( also adjective) a rock band.) rock

- rock'n'roll

English-Polish dictionary > rock

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