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  • 1 inter-lūceō

        inter-lūceō lūxī, —, ēre,     to shine in the midst: quaedam animalia interlucent (in amber), Ta.—To lighten at intervals, shine irregularly.—Impers.: noctu interluxisse, L.—Fig., to be manifest, be plainly visible: ordines, quibus inter gradūs dignitatis aliquid interlucet, by which distinctions are made, L.—To be transparent: interlucet corona (militum), V.

    Latin-English dictionary > inter-lūceō

  • 2 convenio

    con-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4 ( fut. convenibo, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 18), v. n. and a.
    I.
    To come together, meet together, assemble (class. and freq.).
    A.
    In gen.:

    milites, qui ex provinciā convenerant,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

    omnes... eo convenerant,

    id. ib. 3, 16:

    totius fere Galliae legati ad Caesarem gratulatum convenerunt,

    id. ib. 1, 30:

    quanto multitudo hominum ad hoc judicium,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11:

    amici privatique hospites ad eum defendendum convenerunt,

    Nep. Timoth. 4, 2:

    ad clamorem hominum,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 37:

    ad delectationem,

    Quint. 3, 4, 6:

    Pericles, cum haberet collegam Sophoclem, iique de communi officio convenissent,

    id. Off. 1, 40, 144:

    nunc ita convenimus, ut possemus dicere, etc.,

    id. Phil. 3, 2, 5:

    quoniam convenimus ambo,

    Verg. E. 5, 1; id. A. 1, 361 al.—With the place to or at which, usu. designated by in and acc.:

    mei capitis servandi causā Romam Italia tota convenit,

    Cic. Pis. 15, 34; id. Div. 2, 23, 50:

    unum in locum omnes,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 19:

    in coetus scholarum,

    Quint. 2, 9, 2:

    in consilium frequentes,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 71:

    reguli in unum convenere,

    Sall. J. 11, 2:

    tribuni plebis non desistebant clam inter se convenire,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 12:

    et ex proximis hibernis et a Caesare conventura subsidia,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.: convenientis manus dissipare, Auct. B. G. 8, 6.—Rarely with in and abl., or with advv. of place (mostly post-Aug.):

    uno in loco omnes adversariorum copiae convenissent,

    Cic. Div. 2, 24, 52 B. and K.; cf.: quanta illic multitudo convenisse dicebatur, id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160 B. and K. (al. illuc):

    in coloniā Agrippiensi in domum privatam conveniunt,

    Tac. H. 4, 55.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanim. and abstr. subjects:

    munera multa huc ab amatoribus,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 44:

    huc convenit utrumque bivium,

    Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; cf.:

    oppi dum in quo omnis negotiatio ejus (Arabiae) convenit,

    id. 6, 28, 32, § 157:

    cum multae causae convenisse unum in locum atque inter se congruere videntur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62; so id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 4, 4.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Publicist. t. t. of civil communities which belong in jurisdiction to some chief city:

    ex his civitatibus, quae in id forum convenirent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

    Carthaginem conveniunt populi LXV.,

    Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 25; cf.:

    ibi Aethiopicae convenere naves,

    id. 5, 28, 29, § 105.—
    2.
    Jurid. t. t.:

    in manum, of a woman who in marriage (by usus, confarreatio, or coëmptio, q. v.) comes into the hands (manus) of her husband,

    Cic. Fl. 34, 84; id. Top. 3, 14; Quint. 5, 10, 62; Gai Inst. 3, 84:

    viro in manum,

    Cic. Top. 4, 23:

    in manum flaminis,

    Tac. A. 4, 16 et saep.—

    In the same sense: in matrimonium alicujus,

    Dig. 45, 1, 121, § 1:

    in matrimonium cum viro,

    to marry, Gell. 18, 6, 8; or, in nuptias, Cod. Th. 3, 7, 11.—
    3.
    Act., to go to one to speak to him, make a request of him, etc., to address, accost, meet, visit:

    haut multos homines nunc videre et convenire quam te mavellem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 16; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74 al.; Ter. And. 1, 3, 22:

    (Helvetii) cum eum (sc. Caesarem) in itinere convenissent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 27:

    adversarios ejus,

    Nep. Dion, 8, 3:

    illum Atilium,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50:

    neminem conveni—convenio autem cottidie plurimos—quin omnes, etc.,

    id. Fam. 9, 14, 1:

    Bruti pueri Laodiceae me convenerunt,

    id. ib. 3, 7, 1.— Pass.:

    Balbus tantis pedum doloribus afficitur, ut se conveniri nolit,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 19, 2:

    nec eum (Lentulum) a minore Balbo conventum,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 1:

    quod conveniundi patris me tempus capere jubebat,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 9; Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; Nep. Dion, 9, 3 al. — Absol.:

    aditum petentibus conveniendi non dabat,

    Nep. Paus. 3, 3.—
    b.
    Jurid. t. t., to meet one judicially, to sue, bring an action against, summon before a tribunal:

    ut heredes ex stipulatu conveniri possint,

    Dig. 10, 2, 20; 50, 1, 17:

    de peculio,

    Paul. Sent. 2, 31:

    pro parte dimidiā,

    Dig. 17, 1, 59 et saep.—Also with abstr. objects:

    dolum aut culpam eorum,

    Dig. 26, 7, 38:

    nomen,

    ib. 42, 1, 15.
    II.
    Pregn.
    A.
    To come together, to unite, join, combine, couple (cf. coëo, II.).
    1.
    Lit., so mostly of the coition of animals, Lucr. 2, 922; Plin. 11, 24, 29, § 85; App. M. 6, p. 177, 38 al.—Of the union of atoms:

    Tandem conveniant ea (primordia) quae convecta repente Magnarum rerum fiunt exordia,

    Lucr. 5, 429.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    With personal subject, to agree with in wishes, decisions, etc., to accord, harmonize (rare;

    late Lat.),

    Hyg. Astr. 2, 4; Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 29; Paul. Sent. 1, 1, § 5 (but in Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, the v. 130 is spurious; v. Ritschl, prol. ad Trin. p. 131).—Far more freq.,
    b.
    Res convenit or impers. convenit, it is agreed upon, or there is unanimity in respect to something, the matter is decided.
    (α).
    Res convenit, constr. alicui cum aliquo, inter aliquos, or absol.:

    cum his mihi nec locus nec sermo convenit,

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 10:

    haec fratri mecum non conveniunt neque placent,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 34:

    de dote mecum conveniri nil potest,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 168:

    hoc mihi cum tuo fratre convenit,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87; Liv. 2, 39, 8; Quint. 3, 6, 91:

    pax, quae cum T. Quinctio convenisset,

    Liv. 34, 43, 2; cf.:

    pax convenit,

    Sall. J. 38 fin.; Liv. 1, 3, 5; 30, 43, 8:

    in eas condiciones cum pax conveniret,

    id. 29, 12, 14 al.; and:

    cum imperatoribus Romanis pacem conventam fuisse,

    Sall. J. 112, 2:

    ratio accepti atque expensi inter nos,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 146:

    eo signo quod convenerat revocantur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 28:

    quod tempus inter eos committendi proelii convenerat,

    id. B. G. 2, 19:

    neminem voluerunt majores nostri esse judicem, nisi qui inter adversarios convenisset,

    Cic. Clu. 43, 120; so,

    judex inter eos,

    Val. Max. 2, 8, 2:

    posse rem convenire... si posset inter eos aliquid convenire,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53:

    dum rem conventuram putamus,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 2:

    si in eo manerent, quod convenisset,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 36: [p. 463] in colloquium convenit;

    condiciones non convenerunt,

    Nep. Hann. 6, 2; cf. Liv. 30, 40, 14; 38, 11, 1 al.:

    postquam ardentia vidit castra magister equitum (id convenerat signum),

    id. 9, 23, 15:

    signum,

    Suet. Oth. 6:

    omnia conventura,

    Sall. J. 83, 2.— Pass.:

    pacem conventam frustra fuisse,

    Sall. J. 112, 2:

    quibus conventis,

    Liv. 30, 43, 7.—
    (β).
    Convenit, constr. alicui cum aliquo, inter aliquos, with ut, the acc. and inf., with de and abl., or absol.:

    mihi cum Deiotaro convenit, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 14:

    idne agebas, ut tibi cum sceleratis, an ut cum bonis civibus conveniret?

    id. Lig. 6, 18:

    quicum optime convenisset,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 147:

    nunc ita convenit inter me atque hunc, ut, etc.,

    Plaut. Capt. 2. 3, 19:

    non modo inter Patres, sed ne inter consules quidem ipsos satis conveniebat,

    Liv. 2, 23, 14:

    conveniat mihi tecum necesse est, ipsum fecisse, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 5; id. Brev. Vit. 7, 3:

    inter omnis vero convenit, Sibyllam ad Tarquinium Superbum tris libros attulisse,

    Plin. 13, 13, 27, § 88; cf. Suet. Vesp. 25: convenit, jam inde per consules reliqua belli perfecta, it is generally asserted, homologeitai, Liv. 9, 16, 1; cf. Suet. Claud. 44 et saep.:

    cum de facto convenit, et quaeritur, etc.,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 8, 11; id. Fin. 4, 26, 72:

    de duobus minus convenit,

    Liv. 2, 33, 2; Quint. 1, 4, 17; Col. 2, 9 init.; Sen. Clem. 2, 7, 4; Gell. 2, 22, 2:

    quamquam de hoc parum convenit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 2:

    quaedam sunt, de quibus inter omnes convenit,

    id. 2, 12, 2; 4, 5, 28; Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 9; Liv. 42, 25, 11; Sen. Q. N. 2, 12, 2; Plin. Pan. 29, 5:

    ubi de pace non convenit, signa cecinere,

    Flor. 2, 6, 59 al.:

    convenit, victi utri sint eo proelio, Urbem, agrum, etc.... seque uti dederent,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 70:

    convenerat, ne interloquereris,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 9, 9; cf.:

    quibus consulibus interierit non convenit,

    Nep. Hann. 13, 1:

    pacto convenit, etc.,

    Liv. 24, 6, 7; Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 80:

    omnis exercitus, uti convenerat. Numidiā deductus, etc.,

    Sall. J. 39, 4:

    Patres igitur jurati (ita enim convenerat),

    Liv. 30, 40, 12:

    pro argento si aurum dare mallent, darent convenit,

    id. 38, 11, 8.—
    B.
    To fit with, in, or to something, to suit, be adapted to.
    1.
    Lit. (rare):

    quae (cupa) inter orbes conveniat... quae (fistula) in columellam conveniat,

    Cato, R. R. 21, 1:

    conveniebatne in vaginam tuam machaera militis?

    Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 85:

    si cothurni laus illa esset, ad pedem apte convenire,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 46.—More freq.,
    2.
    Transf.: res convenit, or impers. convenit, the thing (or it) is fit, becoming, seemly, suitable, appropriate, proper, serviceable for something, it becomes, = consentit, congruit.
    a.
    Res convenit, constr. with in or ad aliquid, cum aliquā re, the dat., acc., acc. and inf., or absol.
    (α).
    In or ad aliquid:

    ceterae vites in quemvis agrum conveniunt,

    Cato, R. R. 6 fin.; cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 19, 1:

    quid minus in hunc ordinem convenit? etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 8:

    convenire quae vitia in quemvis videntur potius, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128; id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

    hoc in te unum,

    id. N. D. 2, 29, 74 Orell. N. cr. nullam contumeliam jacere potueris, quae non ad maximam partem civium conveniret, id. Sull. 7, 23.—
    (β).
    Cum aliquā re:

    haec tua deliberatio non mihi convenire visa est cum oratione Largi,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 8, 2; so id. Fin. 3, 22, 73 al.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    num videntur convenire haec nuptiis?

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 29; so Cic. Prov. Cons. 17, 41; id. Fin. 3, 22, 74; Sall. J. 85, 40; Quint. 6, 3, 25; Suet. Galb. 14 et saep.—
    (δ).
    With acc.:

    itidem ut tempus anni, aetatem aliam aliud factum convenit,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 24 dub. (Lachm. ap. Lucr. p. 64, conj. condecet).—
    (ε).
    With acc. and inf.:

    hoc non convenit, me... agrum habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 55; so Prop. 2, 1, 41.—
    (ζ).
    With in and abl.:

    nihil autem minus in perfecto duce quam festinationem... convenire arbitrabatur,

    Suet. Aug. 25.—
    (η).
    Absol.: hanc mi expetivi, contigit;

    conveniunt mores, etc.,

    Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

    nomen non convenit,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 39; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 3 (cf. impers.: rationes conferatis; adsidunt;

    subducunt: ad nummum convenit,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12):

    non bene conveniunt, nec in unā sede morantur Majestas et amor,

    Ov. M. 2, 846:

    medius ille orationis modus maxime convenit,

    Quint. 6, 2, 19 et saep.—
    b.
    Convenit, impers., constr. with a clause as subject (so esp. freq. in Lucr. and the elder Pliny).
    (α).
    Haud convenit, unā ire cum amicā imperatorem in viā, Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 41:

    convenit illud in his rebus obsignatum habere, Lucr 2, 582: per se sibi vivere,

    id. 3, 685:

    dicere causas leti,

    id. 6, 708 et saep.:

    quo maxime contendi conveniat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 85, 2:

    convenit Evandri victos discedere ad urbem,

    Verg. A. 12, 184; so Hor. A. P. 226; Vell. 1, 3, 2; Quint. 7, 3, 9; Plin. 18, 13, 33, § 126; cf. id. 33, 1, 5, § 15 Sillig.—
    (β).
    With ut:

    quī enim convenit, ut? etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 7, 2, 4 (al. evenit):

    si tibi curae Quantae conveniat Munatius,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 31; cf. Quint. 8, 6, 63. —To express assent:

    convenit,

    well, it is agreed, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 54.—Hence,
    1.
    convĕnĭens, entis, P. a.
    A.
    (Acc. to II. A. 2.) Agreeing, consistent, accordant, harmonious (syn.:

    consentiens, concors, congruens): bene convenientes propinqui,

    Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58; cf.:

    convenientes optime propinqui cognatique,

    id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96; Suet. Tib. 7:

    recta et convenientia et constantia natura desiderat,

    Cic. Off. 3, 8, 35:

    conveniens et conjuncta constantia inter augures,

    id. Div. 2, 39, 82:

    motus,

    Lucr. 1, 1029; cf.:

    inter se motus,

    id. 2, 941.—More frequently,
    B.
    (Acc. to II. B. 2.) Fitting to something, appropriate to, meet, fit, suitable, = congruens; constr. with cum, the dat., ad aliquid, inter se, in and acc. or abl., or absol.
    (α).
    With cum (rare): motus oris conveniens cum ipsius verbi demonstratione, Nigid. ap. Gell. 10, 4, 4:

    dies conveniens cum populi vultu,

    Ov. P. 2, 1, 28.—
    (β).
    With dat. (very freq.):

    nihil in hac praeclarā epistulā scriptum ab Epicuro congruens et conveniens decretis ejus reperietis,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 99; Quint. 3, 11, 20; 6, 3, 102 al.; Suet. Tib. 50; Hor. A. P. 316; Ov. P. 3, 9, 36 et saep.:

    aut sibi convenientia finge,

    Hor. A. P. 119; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 11:

    bono civi convenientissimum credidi amplecti, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 1:

    disciplina convenientissima,

    Vell. 1, 6, 3.—
    (γ).
    Ad aliquid (rare):

    nihil est tam conveniens ad res vel secundas vel adversas,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 17:

    sonus ad formam tauri,

    Ov. Ib. 436.—
    (δ).
    In aliquid (very rare):

    forma in illam conveniens amplitudinem,

    Vell. 2, 29, 2.—
    (ε).
    In aliquā re:

    gratulatio conveniens in eā victoriā,

    Liv. 45, 19, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Inter se (rare):

    in vitā omnia sint apta inter se et convenientia,

    Cic. Off. 1, 40, 144:

    inter se motus,

    Lucr. 2, 941.—
    (η).
    Absol. (rare):

    quod sit aptum atque conveniens,

    Quint. 5, 10, 123:

    toga,

    fitting, fitting close, Ov. A. A. 1, 514:

    nihil convenientius ducens, quam, etc.,

    Suet. Aug. 10.—
    b.
    Conveniens est = convenit, consentaneum est, it is fit, proper, becoming, suitable (post-Aug. and rare; cf.

    congruens): convenientius est dici,

    Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 35.— Sup., Plin. Pan. 87, 1; id. Ep. 10, 3 (20), 2.— Adv.: convĕnĭen-ter, fitly, suitably, conformably, consistently (syn.. congruenter, constanter; class.;

    most freq. in Cic.): convenienter cum naturā vivere (with congruere),

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 82:

    convenienter naturae vivere (with congruenter),

    id. Fin. 3, 7, 26; cf. id. Off. 3, 3, 13 al.; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 12:

    convenienter sibi dicere (with constanter),

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Ov. A. A. 3, 546:

    convenienter ad praesentem fortunae statum loqui,

    Liv. 23, 5, 4.— Sup., Aug. Civ. Dei, 18, 44.—
    2.
    con-ventum, i, n. (acc. to II. A. 2.), an agreement, compact, covenant, convention, accord (in good prose):

    facere promissa, stare conventis, reddere deposita,

    Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95; 1, 10, 32; id. Part. Or. 37, 130; Liv. 29, 24, 3; Sil. 1, 10 al.—As a jurid. expression, very freq. in the connection pactum conventum (for which the MSS. sometimes, perh. through interpolation, give pactum et conventum), Cic. Part. Or. 37, 130; id. de Or. 2, 24, 100; id. Caecin. 18, 51; id. Att. 6, 3, 1; Juv. 6, 25; v. pactum.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > convenio

  • 3 communico

    commūnĭco ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. ( dep. access. form, communicati sint = communicaverint, Liv. 4, 24, 2) [communis].
    I.
    To divide something with one, whether in giving or receiving.
    A.
    In giving, to divide a thing with one, to communicate, impart, to share; esp. freq. of imparting in discourse (very freq. in all periods); constr. usu. aliquid cum aliquo; also inter aliquos, alicui, aliquem aliquā re. cum aliquo de aliquā re and absol.
    (α).
    With aliquid cum aliquo:

    ut si quam praestantiam virtutis, ingenii, fortunae consecuti sunt, impertiant ea suis communicentque cum proximis,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 70; id. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 125; id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 33: auxilium [p. 384] sibi te putat adjunxisse, qui cum altero rem communicat, id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

    suam causam cum Chrysogono,

    id. ib. 48, 140:

    cum iis praemium communicat, hortaturque ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

    civitatem nostram vobiscum,

    Liv. 23, 5, 9:

    causam civium cum servis fugitivis,

    Sall. C. 56, 5:

    at sua Tydides mecum communicat acta (i. e. me socium sumit actorum),

    Ov. M. 13, 239:

    consilia cum finitimis civitatibus,

    to make common cause, to take common counsel, commune, consult, Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

    cum plebeiis magistratibus,

    Liv. 6, 11, 7; 28, 28, 5; Suet. Calig. 56:

    curam doloris cum aliquo,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5.—Of discourse:

    homo, quocum omnia, quae me curā aliquā adficiunt, una communicem,

    Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1:

    ea quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communicare non poterant,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 8; id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Caes. B. G. 6, 20 al.; so cum aliquo de aliquā re:

    Pompeius, qui mecum... de te communicare solet,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

    is mecum de tuā mansione communicat,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 5:

    cum compluribus de ratione belli,

    Suet. Tib. 18. —
    (β).
    Aliquid inter aliquos:

    cum de societate inter se multa communicarent,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

    socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50:

    ut quibus de rebus vellemus, tu tuis, ego meis, inter nos communicaremus,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 2; 11, 27, 2:

    communicato inter se consilio,

    Liv. 8, 25, 9 (cf. a); Suet. Dom. 7.—
    (γ).
    Alicui aliquid, or de aliquā re (in Cic. only when the other party sharing is expressed by cum and abl.; cf.

    Krebs, Antibarb. p. 250): quibus communicare de maximis rebus Pompeius consuerat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18 (Dinter, ex conj., quibuscum):

    hisque omnium domus patent victusque communicatur,

    id. B. G. 6, 23 fin.;

    so with redditur,

    id. ib. 6, 13:

    sibi communicatum cum alio, non ademptum imperium esse,

    Liv. 22, 27, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,

    Cic. Brut. 73, 254; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14 Halm ad loc.; id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; Mamert. Pan. Max. 10; Cic. Pis. 39, 94 Ascon.—
    * (δ).
    Aliquem aliquā re:

    communicabo semper te mensā meā,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 50.—
    (ε).
    Absol.: nonne prius communicatum oportuit? * Ter. And. 1, 5, 4; Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

    et secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia et adversas partiens communicansque leviores,

    id. Lael. 6, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 22:

    ut ad se veniat rationesque belli gerendi communicet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

    consilia communicant,

    id. B. C. 2, 4 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 18, 5; Suet. Aug. 75 fin.; Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 108; Quint. 9, 2, 22.—
    2.
    Transf. of things: aliquid cum aliquā re, to join to an equal part, to unite:

    viri, quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis cum dotibus communicant,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 19:

    privabo potius illum debito testimonio, quam id cum meā laude communicem,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; id. Fam. 12, 2, 1.—
    3.
    In late Lat.: cum aliquo or alicui, to have intercourse with an inferior:

    ne cum peregrinis communicarent,

    Just. 36, 2, 15:

    malis,

    with evil-disposed persons, Aug. Ep. 162:

    ne communices homini indocto,

    Vulg. Ecclus. 8, 5.—Also alicui rei, to take part in, Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 22.—
    B. (α).
    Aliquid cum aliquo:

    ut me juves Conmunicesque hanc mecum meam provinciam,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 153; cf.:

    provinciam cum Antonio,

    Cic. Pis. 2, 5:

    inimicitias mecum,

    id. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

    qui sibi cum illo rationem communicatam putat,

    believes that he has all things in common with him, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf. id. ib. 48, 140; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 2. § 5 Zumpt; Liv. 22, 27, 8:

    haud dubitavit (Thalestris) fateri ad communicandos cum rege liberos se venisse,

    Curt. 6, 5, 30 Vogel ad loc.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    primo labores et discrimina, mox et gloriam communicabat,

    Tac. Agr. 8.—
    (γ).
    Alicui (late Lat.):

    altari Christi,

    to receive the sacrament, Aug. Ep. 162; id. contra Cresc. 3, 36.—
    II.
    In Tertull., acc. to communis, II., to make common, i. e. low, base, to contaminate, defile, Tert. Spect. 17; id. Patient. 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > communico

  • 4 conmunico

    commūnĭco ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. ( dep. access. form, communicati sint = communicaverint, Liv. 4, 24, 2) [communis].
    I.
    To divide something with one, whether in giving or receiving.
    A.
    In giving, to divide a thing with one, to communicate, impart, to share; esp. freq. of imparting in discourse (very freq. in all periods); constr. usu. aliquid cum aliquo; also inter aliquos, alicui, aliquem aliquā re. cum aliquo de aliquā re and absol.
    (α).
    With aliquid cum aliquo:

    ut si quam praestantiam virtutis, ingenii, fortunae consecuti sunt, impertiant ea suis communicentque cum proximis,

    Cic. Lael. 19, 70; id. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 125; id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 33: auxilium [p. 384] sibi te putat adjunxisse, qui cum altero rem communicat, id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

    suam causam cum Chrysogono,

    id. ib. 48, 140:

    cum iis praemium communicat, hortaturque ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 37:

    civitatem nostram vobiscum,

    Liv. 23, 5, 9:

    causam civium cum servis fugitivis,

    Sall. C. 56, 5:

    at sua Tydides mecum communicat acta (i. e. me socium sumit actorum),

    Ov. M. 13, 239:

    consilia cum finitimis civitatibus,

    to make common cause, to take common counsel, commune, consult, Caes. B. G. 6, 2:

    cum plebeiis magistratibus,

    Liv. 6, 11, 7; 28, 28, 5; Suet. Calig. 56:

    curam doloris cum aliquo,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5.—Of discourse:

    homo, quocum omnia, quae me curā aliquā adficiunt, una communicem,

    Cic. Att. 1, 18, 1:

    ea quae didicerant, cum civibus suis communicare non poterant,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 8; id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Caes. B. G. 6, 20 al.; so cum aliquo de aliquā re:

    Pompeius, qui mecum... de te communicare solet,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

    is mecum de tuā mansione communicat,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 5:

    cum compluribus de ratione belli,

    Suet. Tib. 18. —
    (β).
    Aliquid inter aliquos:

    cum de societate inter se multa communicarent,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 15:

    socii putandi sunt, quos inter res communicata est,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 20, § 50:

    ut quibus de rebus vellemus, tu tuis, ego meis, inter nos communicaremus,

    id. Fam. 15, 4, 2; 11, 27, 2:

    communicato inter se consilio,

    Liv. 8, 25, 9 (cf. a); Suet. Dom. 7.—
    (γ).
    Alicui aliquid, or de aliquā re (in Cic. only when the other party sharing is expressed by cum and abl.; cf.

    Krebs, Antibarb. p. 250): quibus communicare de maximis rebus Pompeius consuerat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18 (Dinter, ex conj., quibuscum):

    hisque omnium domus patent victusque communicatur,

    id. B. G. 6, 23 fin.;

    so with redditur,

    id. ib. 6, 13:

    sibi communicatum cum alio, non ademptum imperium esse,

    Liv. 22, 27, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,

    Cic. Brut. 73, 254; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14 Halm ad loc.; id. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 5; id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; Mamert. Pan. Max. 10; Cic. Pis. 39, 94 Ascon.—
    * (δ).
    Aliquem aliquā re:

    communicabo semper te mensā meā,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 50.—
    (ε).
    Absol.: nonne prius communicatum oportuit? * Ter. And. 1, 5, 4; Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

    et secundas res splendidiores facit amicitia et adversas partiens communicansque leviores,

    id. Lael. 6, 22; Quint. 9, 2, 22:

    ut ad se veniat rationesque belli gerendi communicet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 63:

    consilia communicant,

    id. B. C. 2, 4 fin.; cf. Sall. C. 18, 5; Suet. Aug. 75 fin.; Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 108; Quint. 9, 2, 22.—
    2.
    Transf. of things: aliquid cum aliquā re, to join to an equal part, to unite:

    viri, quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis nomine acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis cum dotibus communicant,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 19:

    privabo potius illum debito testimonio, quam id cum meā laude communicem,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 3; id. Fam. 12, 2, 1.—
    3.
    In late Lat.: cum aliquo or alicui, to have intercourse with an inferior:

    ne cum peregrinis communicarent,

    Just. 36, 2, 15:

    malis,

    with evil-disposed persons, Aug. Ep. 162:

    ne communices homini indocto,

    Vulg. Ecclus. 8, 5.—Also alicui rei, to take part in, Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 22.—
    B. (α).
    Aliquid cum aliquo:

    ut me juves Conmunicesque hanc mecum meam provinciam,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 153; cf.:

    provinciam cum Antonio,

    Cic. Pis. 2, 5:

    inimicitias mecum,

    id. Fam. 15, 21, 2:

    qui sibi cum illo rationem communicatam putat,

    believes that he has all things in common with him, id. Rosc. Am. 49, 142; cf. id. ib. 48, 140; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 14; cf. id. Verr. 2, 5, 2. § 5 Zumpt; Liv. 22, 27, 8:

    haud dubitavit (Thalestris) fateri ad communicandos cum rege liberos se venisse,

    Curt. 6, 5, 30 Vogel ad loc.—
    (β).
    Absol.:

    primo labores et discrimina, mox et gloriam communicabat,

    Tac. Agr. 8.—
    (γ).
    Alicui (late Lat.):

    altari Christi,

    to receive the sacrament, Aug. Ep. 162; id. contra Cresc. 3, 36.—
    II.
    In Tertull., acc. to communis, II., to make common, i. e. low, base, to contaminate, defile, Tert. Spect. 17; id. Patient. 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conmunico

  • 5 labor

    1.
    lābor, lapsus ( inf. parag. labier, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94; part. labundus, Att. ap. Non. 504, 31; Trag. Fragm. v. 570 Rib.), 3, v. dep. n. [cf. lăbo; Sanscr. lamb- (ramb-), to glide, fall], to move gently along a smooth surface, to fall, slide; to slide, slip, or glide down, to fall down, to sink as the beginning of a fall; constr. absol., or with ad, in, inter, per, sub, super, ab, de, ex, or with abl. alone.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of living beings:

    non squamoso labuntur ventre cerastae,

    Prop. 3 (4), 22, 27:

    per sinus crebros et magna volumina labens,

    Ov. M. 15, 721:

    pigraque labatur circa donaria serpens,

    Ov. Am. 2, 13, 13:

    ille inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus volvitur,

    Verg. A. 7, 349: (angues) in diversum lapsi, Jul. Obseq. 119.—Of floating:

    ut rate felice pacata per aequora labar,

    Ov. H. 10, 65:

    dum Stygio gurgite labor,

    id. M. 5, 504:

    tua labens navita aqua,

    Prop. 2, 26 (3, 21), 8.—Of flying:

    tollunt se celeres, liquidumque per aera lapsae,

    Verg. A. 6, 202:

    vade, age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis,

    id. ib. 4, 223:

    pennis lapsa per auras,

    Ov. M. 8, 51:

    labere, nympha, polo,

    Verg. A. 11, 588.—Of sinking, slipping down:

    labor, io! cara lumina conde manu,

    Ov. A. A. 7, 342:

    labitur infelix (equus),

    Verg. G. 3, 498; cf. Luc. 5, 799:

    labitur exsanguis,

    Verg. A. 11, 818; 5, 181:

    super terram,

    Ov. M. 13, 477:

    equo,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:

    temone,

    Verg. A. 12, 470 [p. 1024] limite, Luc. 9, 712:

    in vulnera,

    id. 7, 604:

    in colla mariti,

    Val. Fl. 2, 425:

    alieno vulnere,

    Luc. 2, 265:

    in rivo,

    Cic. Fat. 3, 5:

    pondere lapsi pectoris arma sonant,

    Luc. 7, 572.—

    Of gliding upwards: celeri fuga sub sidera,

    Verg. A. 3, 243.—
    2.
    Of things:

    splendida signa videntur labier,

    Lucr. 4, 445; Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:

    umor in genas Furtim labitur,

    Hor. C. 1, 13, 7:

    stellas Praecipites caelo labi,

    Verg. G. 1, 366:

    perque genas lacrimae labuntur,

    Ov. H. 7, 185; id. M. 2, 656:

    lapsi de fontibus amnes,

    id. ib. 13, 954; cf.:

    catenae lapsae lacertis sponte sua,

    id. ib. 3, 699:

    lapsuram domum subire,

    about to tumble down, id. Ib. 511; Luc. 1, 25; cf.

    with cado: multa in silvis Lapsa cadunt folia,

    Verg. A. 6, 310:

    ipsaque in Oceanum sidera lapsa cadunt,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:

    lapsis repente saxis,

    Tac. A. 4, 59:

    ab arbore ramus,

    Ov. M. 3, 410.—Of the eyes, to fall, close:

    labentes, oculos condere,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 44:

    lumina,

    Verg. A. 11, 818; Prop. 1, 10, 7; 2, 5, 17.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To glide away, glide along, slip or haste away: labitur uncta carina: volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.); so id. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1 (Ann. v. 476 Vahl.); cf.:

    labitur uncta vadis abies,

    Verg. A. 8, 91; Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:

    sidera, quae vaga et mutabili ratione labuntur,

    id. Univ. 10.—Esp., of a transition in discourse, to pass:

    a dispositione ad elocutionis praecepta labor,

    Quint. 7, 10, 17.—
    2.
    To slip away, escape:

    lapsus custodiā,

    Tac. A. 5, 10; 11, 31:

    e manibus custodientium lapsus,

    Curt. 3, 13, 3; Prop. 1, 11, 5; Amm. 26, 3, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to come or go gently or insensibly, to glide, glide or pass away:

    ilico res foras labitur,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21:

    brevitate et celeritate syllabarum labi putat verba proclivius,

    Cic. Or. 57; 56:

    sed labor longius, ad propositum revertor,

    id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Leg. 1, 19, 52:

    labitur occulte fallitque volubilis aetas,

    Ov. Am. 1, 8, 49:

    labi somnum sensit in artus,

    id. M. 11, 631:

    nostro illius labatur pectore vultus,

    Verg. E. 1, 64.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of speech, to die away, be lost, not be heard (very rare):

    ne adjectae voces laberentur atque errarent,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 114; cf. Sil. 7, 745.—
    2.
    Of time, to glide, pass away, elapse:

    eheu fugaces labuntur anni,

    Hor. C. 2, 14, 2:

    anni tacite labentis origo,

    Ov. F. 1, 65:

    labentia tempora,

    id. Tr. 3, 11; id. F. 6, 771; id. Tr. 4, 10, 27:

    aetas labitur,

    Tib. 1, 8, 48; cf.: labente officio, when the attendance or service is ended, Juv. 6, 203.—
    3.
    Pregn., to sink, incline, begin to fall, go to ruin, perish: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus lapsa fortuna accidat, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.); cf.:

    cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi,

    Cic. Or. 3, 10:

    labentem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire,

    id. Phil. 2, 21, 51:

    equitem Romanum labentem excepit, fulsit, sustinuit,

    id. Rab. Post. 16, 43; id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 18, 2:

    sustinuit labentem aciem Antonius,

    Tac. H. 3, 23:

    vidi labentes acies,

    Prop. 4 (5), 2, 53:

    eo citius lapsa res est,

    Liv. 3, 33: mores lapsi sunt, id. praef.; Tac. A. 6, 50:

    fides lapsa,

    Ov. H. 2, 102:

    labentur opes,

    will be lost, Tib. 1, 6, 53:

    res,

    Lucr. 4, 1117:

    hereditas lapsa est,

    Dig. 4, 4, 11, § 5.—
    4.
    To slip or fall away from a thing, to lose it: hac spe lapsus, deceived or disappointed in this hope, Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3:

    hoc munere,

    Sil. 7, 740:

    facultatibus,

    to lose one's property, become poor, Dig. 27, 8, 2, § 11; 26, 7, 9, § 1:

    mente,

    to lose one's senses, go mad, Cels. 5, 26, 13; Suet. Aug. 48; cf.:

    lapsae mentis error,

    Val. Max. 5, 3, 2.—Hence, lapsus, a, um, ruined, unfortunate, Prop. 1, 1, 25. —
    5.
    To fall into or upon, to come or turn to:

    labor eo, ut assentiar Epicuro,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 139; id. Att. 4, 5, 2:

    ad opinionem,

    id. Ac. 2, 45, 138:

    in adulationem,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    in gaudia,

    Val. Fl. 6, 662:

    in vitium,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94.—
    6.
    To fall into error, to be mistaken, to err, mistake, commit a fault:

    labi, errare, nescire, decipi et malum et turpe ducimus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 6, 18:

    in aliqua re labi et cadere,

    id. Brut. 49, 185:

    in minimis tenuissimisque rebus,

    id. de Or. 1, 37, 169; id. Fam. 2, 7, 1:

    lapsus est per errorem suum,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 8:

    consilio,... casu,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 6:

    propter inprudentiam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 3:

    in officio,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12:

    in verbo,

    Ov. Am. 2, 8, 7:

    ne verbo quidem labi,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 3:

    it vera ratione,

    Lucr. 2, 176.—
    7.
    Esp., to fall away from the true faith, to become apostate (eccl. Lat.):

    lapsorum fratrum petulantia,

    Cypr. Ep. 30, 1 al.
    2.
    lăbor (old form lăbos, like arbos, honos, etc., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 35; id. Truc. 2, 6, 40; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6; Varr. ap. Non. 487, 13; Cat. 55, 13; Sall. C. 7, 5; id. J. 100, 4; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. [Sanscr. root rabh, to grasp, ā-rabh, to undertake; Gr. alph- in êlphon, earned, alphêma, wages; Germ. Arbeit], labor, toil, exertion (cf.: contentio, opera).
    I.
    Lit.:

    ut ingenium est omnium Hominum a labore proclive ad libidinem,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 51:

    haud existimans quanto labore partum,

    id. Phorm. 1, 1, 12:

    interest aliquid inter laborem et dolorem: sunt finitima omnino, sed tamen differt aliquid. Labor est functio quaedam vel animi vel corporis, gravioris operis et muneris: dolor autem motus asper in corpore alienus a sensibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35:

    corporis,

    id. Cael. 17, 39:

    res est magni laboris,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    laborem sibi sumere et alteri imponere,

    id. Mur. 18, 38:

    sumptum et laborem insumere in rem aliquam,

    id. Inv. 2, 38, 113; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

    multum operae laborisque consumere,

    id. de Or. 1, 55, 234:

    laborem sustinere,

    id. Att. 1, 17, 6:

    exantlare,

    id. Ac. 2, 34, 108:

    suscipere,

    id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 13:

    subire,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 7:

    capere,

    id. Rosc. Com. 16, 49:

    labores magnos excipere,

    id. Brut. 69, 243:

    se in magnis laboribus exercere,

    id. Arch. 11, 28:

    summi laboris esse,

    capable of great exertion, Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2:

    laborem levare alicui,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120:

    detrahere,

    id. Fam. 3, 6, 5:

    ex labore se reficere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5; 5, 11:

    victus suppeditabatur sine labore,

    Cic. Sest. 48, 103:

    non est quod existumes, ullam esse sine labore virtutem,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 5; Suet. Ner. 52; Quint. 2, 12, 12; cf.:

    nullo labore,

    Cic. Dom. 34, 91; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 51:

    quantum meruit labor,

    Juv. 7, 216:

    reddere sua dona labori,

    id. 16, 57:

    numerenter labores,

    be valued, id. 9, 42.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Pregn., drudgery, hardship, fatigue, distress, trouble, pain, suffering (mostly poet. and late Lat.; syn. aerumna): decet id pati animo aequo;

    si id facietis, levior labos erit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 2:

    propter meum caput labores homini evenisse optumo,

    id. ib. 5, 1, 25:

    cum labore magno et misere vivere,

    id. Aul. prol. 14; id. Ps. 2, 4, 2:

    hoc evenit in labore atque in dolore,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 20:

    vel in labore meo vel in honore,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 18:

    Iliacos audire labores,

    Verg. A. 4, 78:

    mox et frumentis labor additus, ut mala culmos Esset rubigo,

    id. G. 1, 150:

    belli labores,

    id. A. 11, 126; cf. id. ib. 2, 619;

    12, 727: labor militiae,

    Juv. 16, 52:

    castrorum labores,

    id. 14, 198:

    Lucinae labores,

    Verg. G. 4, 340:

    cor de labore pectus tundit,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 63:

    hoc medicamentum sine magno labore cadere cogit haemorrhoidas,

    Scrib. 227:

    litterarius, = opus,

    Aug. Conf. 9, 2;

    id. cont. Jul. 6, 21: meos labores legere,

    id. de Don. Pers. 68.—Of sickness: valetudo crescit, accrescit labor. Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4:

    sulphurosi fontes labores nervorum reficiunt,

    Vitr. 8, 3, 4.—Of danger:

    maximus autem earum (apium) labor est initio veris,

    Col. 9, 13, 2.—Prov.:

    jucundi acti labores,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105:

    suavis laborum est praeteritorum memoria,

    id. ib. —
    2.
    Poet.
    a.
    Labores solis, eclipses of the sun, Verg. A. 1, 742 Forbig. ad loc.; so,

    defectus solis varios lunaeque labores,

    id. G. 1, 478; Sil. 14, 378. —
    b.
    Of plants:

    hunc laborem perferre,

    i. e. growth, Verg. G. 2, 343.—
    3.
    Personified: Lăbos, toil, in the lower world, Verg. A. 6, 277.—
    II.
    Meton., of the products of labor.
    a.
    Work, workmanship of an artist ( poet.):

    operum,

    Verg. A. 1, 455:

    hic labor ille domūs,

    id. ib. 6, 27:

    nec non Polycleti multus ubique labor,

    Juv. 8, 104. —
    b.
    Of cultivated plants, crops, etc.:

    ruit arduus aether et pluvia ingenti sata laeta boumque labores Diluit,

    Verg. G. 1, 325; cf.:

    haec cum sint hominumque boumque labores,

    id. ib. 1, 118: Juppiter Grandine dilapidans hominumque boumque labores, Col. poët. 10, 330; Verg. A. 2, 284; 306.—
    c.
    Labores uteri, i. e. children, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 193.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > labor

  • 6 Labos

    1.
    lābor, lapsus ( inf. parag. labier, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94; part. labundus, Att. ap. Non. 504, 31; Trag. Fragm. v. 570 Rib.), 3, v. dep. n. [cf. lăbo; Sanscr. lamb- (ramb-), to glide, fall], to move gently along a smooth surface, to fall, slide; to slide, slip, or glide down, to fall down, to sink as the beginning of a fall; constr. absol., or with ad, in, inter, per, sub, super, ab, de, ex, or with abl. alone.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.
    1.
    Of living beings:

    non squamoso labuntur ventre cerastae,

    Prop. 3 (4), 22, 27:

    per sinus crebros et magna volumina labens,

    Ov. M. 15, 721:

    pigraque labatur circa donaria serpens,

    Ov. Am. 2, 13, 13:

    ille inter vestes et levia pectora lapsus volvitur,

    Verg. A. 7, 349: (angues) in diversum lapsi, Jul. Obseq. 119.—Of floating:

    ut rate felice pacata per aequora labar,

    Ov. H. 10, 65:

    dum Stygio gurgite labor,

    id. M. 5, 504:

    tua labens navita aqua,

    Prop. 2, 26 (3, 21), 8.—Of flying:

    tollunt se celeres, liquidumque per aera lapsae,

    Verg. A. 6, 202:

    vade, age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pennis,

    id. ib. 4, 223:

    pennis lapsa per auras,

    Ov. M. 8, 51:

    labere, nympha, polo,

    Verg. A. 11, 588.—Of sinking, slipping down:

    labor, io! cara lumina conde manu,

    Ov. A. A. 7, 342:

    labitur infelix (equus),

    Verg. G. 3, 498; cf. Luc. 5, 799:

    labitur exsanguis,

    Verg. A. 11, 818; 5, 181:

    super terram,

    Ov. M. 13, 477:

    equo,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 15:

    temone,

    Verg. A. 12, 470 [p. 1024] limite, Luc. 9, 712:

    in vulnera,

    id. 7, 604:

    in colla mariti,

    Val. Fl. 2, 425:

    alieno vulnere,

    Luc. 2, 265:

    in rivo,

    Cic. Fat. 3, 5:

    pondere lapsi pectoris arma sonant,

    Luc. 7, 572.—

    Of gliding upwards: celeri fuga sub sidera,

    Verg. A. 3, 243.—
    2.
    Of things:

    splendida signa videntur labier,

    Lucr. 4, 445; Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42:

    umor in genas Furtim labitur,

    Hor. C. 1, 13, 7:

    stellas Praecipites caelo labi,

    Verg. G. 1, 366:

    perque genas lacrimae labuntur,

    Ov. H. 7, 185; id. M. 2, 656:

    lapsi de fontibus amnes,

    id. ib. 13, 954; cf.:

    catenae lapsae lacertis sponte sua,

    id. ib. 3, 699:

    lapsuram domum subire,

    about to tumble down, id. Ib. 511; Luc. 1, 25; cf.

    with cado: multa in silvis Lapsa cadunt folia,

    Verg. A. 6, 310:

    ipsaque in Oceanum sidera lapsa cadunt,

    Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:

    lapsis repente saxis,

    Tac. A. 4, 59:

    ab arbore ramus,

    Ov. M. 3, 410.—Of the eyes, to fall, close:

    labentes, oculos condere,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 44:

    lumina,

    Verg. A. 11, 818; Prop. 1, 10, 7; 2, 5, 17.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To glide away, glide along, slip or haste away: labitur uncta carina: volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.); so id. ap. Isid. Orig. 19, 1 (Ann. v. 476 Vahl.); cf.:

    labitur uncta vadis abies,

    Verg. A. 8, 91; Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:

    sidera, quae vaga et mutabili ratione labuntur,

    id. Univ. 10.—Esp., of a transition in discourse, to pass:

    a dispositione ad elocutionis praecepta labor,

    Quint. 7, 10, 17.—
    2.
    To slip away, escape:

    lapsus custodiā,

    Tac. A. 5, 10; 11, 31:

    e manibus custodientium lapsus,

    Curt. 3, 13, 3; Prop. 1, 11, 5; Amm. 26, 3, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to come or go gently or insensibly, to glide, glide or pass away:

    ilico res foras labitur,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 21:

    brevitate et celeritate syllabarum labi putat verba proclivius,

    Cic. Or. 57; 56:

    sed labor longius, ad propositum revertor,

    id. Div. 2, 37, 79; id. Leg. 1, 19, 52:

    labitur occulte fallitque volubilis aetas,

    Ov. Am. 1, 8, 49:

    labi somnum sensit in artus,

    id. M. 11, 631:

    nostro illius labatur pectore vultus,

    Verg. E. 1, 64.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Of speech, to die away, be lost, not be heard (very rare):

    ne adjectae voces laberentur atque errarent,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 114; cf. Sil. 7, 745.—
    2.
    Of time, to glide, pass away, elapse:

    eheu fugaces labuntur anni,

    Hor. C. 2, 14, 2:

    anni tacite labentis origo,

    Ov. F. 1, 65:

    labentia tempora,

    id. Tr. 3, 11; id. F. 6, 771; id. Tr. 4, 10, 27:

    aetas labitur,

    Tib. 1, 8, 48; cf.: labente officio, when the attendance or service is ended, Juv. 6, 203.—
    3.
    Pregn., to sink, incline, begin to fall, go to ruin, perish: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus lapsa fortuna accidat, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.); cf.:

    cetera nasci, occidere, fluere, labi,

    Cic. Or. 3, 10:

    labentem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire,

    id. Phil. 2, 21, 51:

    equitem Romanum labentem excepit, fulsit, sustinuit,

    id. Rab. Post. 16, 43; id. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 18, 2:

    sustinuit labentem aciem Antonius,

    Tac. H. 3, 23:

    vidi labentes acies,

    Prop. 4 (5), 2, 53:

    eo citius lapsa res est,

    Liv. 3, 33: mores lapsi sunt, id. praef.; Tac. A. 6, 50:

    fides lapsa,

    Ov. H. 2, 102:

    labentur opes,

    will be lost, Tib. 1, 6, 53:

    res,

    Lucr. 4, 1117:

    hereditas lapsa est,

    Dig. 4, 4, 11, § 5.—
    4.
    To slip or fall away from a thing, to lose it: hac spe lapsus, deceived or disappointed in this hope, Caes. B. G. 5, 55, 3:

    hoc munere,

    Sil. 7, 740:

    facultatibus,

    to lose one's property, become poor, Dig. 27, 8, 2, § 11; 26, 7, 9, § 1:

    mente,

    to lose one's senses, go mad, Cels. 5, 26, 13; Suet. Aug. 48; cf.:

    lapsae mentis error,

    Val. Max. 5, 3, 2.—Hence, lapsus, a, um, ruined, unfortunate, Prop. 1, 1, 25. —
    5.
    To fall into or upon, to come or turn to:

    labor eo, ut assentiar Epicuro,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 45, 139; id. Att. 4, 5, 2:

    ad opinionem,

    id. Ac. 2, 45, 138:

    in adulationem,

    Tac. A. 4, 6:

    in gaudia,

    Val. Fl. 6, 662:

    in vitium,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 94.—
    6.
    To fall into error, to be mistaken, to err, mistake, commit a fault:

    labi, errare, nescire, decipi et malum et turpe ducimus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 6, 18:

    in aliqua re labi et cadere,

    id. Brut. 49, 185:

    in minimis tenuissimisque rebus,

    id. de Or. 1, 37, 169; id. Fam. 2, 7, 1:

    lapsus est per errorem suum,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 8:

    consilio,... casu,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 6:

    propter inprudentiam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 3:

    in officio,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12:

    in verbo,

    Ov. Am. 2, 8, 7:

    ne verbo quidem labi,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 3:

    it vera ratione,

    Lucr. 2, 176.—
    7.
    Esp., to fall away from the true faith, to become apostate (eccl. Lat.):

    lapsorum fratrum petulantia,

    Cypr. Ep. 30, 1 al.
    2.
    lăbor (old form lăbos, like arbos, honos, etc., Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 35; id. Truc. 2, 6, 40; Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 6; Varr. ap. Non. 487, 13; Cat. 55, 13; Sall. C. 7, 5; id. J. 100, 4; cf. Quint. 1, 4, 13), ōris, m. [Sanscr. root rabh, to grasp, ā-rabh, to undertake; Gr. alph- in êlphon, earned, alphêma, wages; Germ. Arbeit], labor, toil, exertion (cf.: contentio, opera).
    I.
    Lit.:

    ut ingenium est omnium Hominum a labore proclive ad libidinem,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 51:

    haud existimans quanto labore partum,

    id. Phorm. 1, 1, 12:

    interest aliquid inter laborem et dolorem: sunt finitima omnino, sed tamen differt aliquid. Labor est functio quaedam vel animi vel corporis, gravioris operis et muneris: dolor autem motus asper in corpore alienus a sensibus,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 35:

    corporis,

    id. Cael. 17, 39:

    res est magni laboris,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 150:

    laborem sibi sumere et alteri imponere,

    id. Mur. 18, 38:

    sumptum et laborem insumere in rem aliquam,

    id. Inv. 2, 38, 113; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

    multum operae laborisque consumere,

    id. de Or. 1, 55, 234:

    laborem sustinere,

    id. Att. 1, 17, 6:

    exantlare,

    id. Ac. 2, 34, 108:

    suscipere,

    id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 13:

    subire,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 7:

    capere,

    id. Rosc. Com. 16, 49:

    labores magnos excipere,

    id. Brut. 69, 243:

    se in magnis laboribus exercere,

    id. Arch. 11, 28:

    summi laboris esse,

    capable of great exertion, Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 2:

    laborem levare alicui,

    Cic. Or. 34, 120:

    detrahere,

    id. Fam. 3, 6, 5:

    ex labore se reficere,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5; 5, 11:

    victus suppeditabatur sine labore,

    Cic. Sest. 48, 103:

    non est quod existumes, ullam esse sine labore virtutem,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 25, 5; Suet. Ner. 52; Quint. 2, 12, 12; cf.:

    nullo labore,

    Cic. Dom. 34, 91; id. Sest. 40, 87; id. Tusc. 2, 22, 51:

    quantum meruit labor,

    Juv. 7, 216:

    reddere sua dona labori,

    id. 16, 57:

    numerenter labores,

    be valued, id. 9, 42.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Pregn., drudgery, hardship, fatigue, distress, trouble, pain, suffering (mostly poet. and late Lat.; syn. aerumna): decet id pati animo aequo;

    si id facietis, levior labos erit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 2:

    propter meum caput labores homini evenisse optumo,

    id. ib. 5, 1, 25:

    cum labore magno et misere vivere,

    id. Aul. prol. 14; id. Ps. 2, 4, 2:

    hoc evenit in labore atque in dolore,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 20:

    vel in labore meo vel in honore,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 18:

    Iliacos audire labores,

    Verg. A. 4, 78:

    mox et frumentis labor additus, ut mala culmos Esset rubigo,

    id. G. 1, 150:

    belli labores,

    id. A. 11, 126; cf. id. ib. 2, 619;

    12, 727: labor militiae,

    Juv. 16, 52:

    castrorum labores,

    id. 14, 198:

    Lucinae labores,

    Verg. G. 4, 340:

    cor de labore pectus tundit,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 63:

    hoc medicamentum sine magno labore cadere cogit haemorrhoidas,

    Scrib. 227:

    litterarius, = opus,

    Aug. Conf. 9, 2;

    id. cont. Jul. 6, 21: meos labores legere,

    id. de Don. Pers. 68.—Of sickness: valetudo crescit, accrescit labor. Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 4:

    sulphurosi fontes labores nervorum reficiunt,

    Vitr. 8, 3, 4.—Of danger:

    maximus autem earum (apium) labor est initio veris,

    Col. 9, 13, 2.—Prov.:

    jucundi acti labores,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 32, 105:

    suavis laborum est praeteritorum memoria,

    id. ib. —
    2.
    Poet.
    a.
    Labores solis, eclipses of the sun, Verg. A. 1, 742 Forbig. ad loc.; so,

    defectus solis varios lunaeque labores,

    id. G. 1, 478; Sil. 14, 378. —
    b.
    Of plants:

    hunc laborem perferre,

    i. e. growth, Verg. G. 2, 343.—
    3.
    Personified: Lăbos, toil, in the lower world, Verg. A. 6, 277.—
    II.
    Meton., of the products of labor.
    a.
    Work, workmanship of an artist ( poet.):

    operum,

    Verg. A. 1, 455:

    hic labor ille domūs,

    id. ib. 6, 27:

    nec non Polycleti multus ubique labor,

    Juv. 8, 104. —
    b.
    Of cultivated plants, crops, etc.:

    ruit arduus aether et pluvia ingenti sata laeta boumque labores Diluit,

    Verg. G. 1, 325; cf.:

    haec cum sint hominumque boumque labores,

    id. ib. 1, 118: Juppiter Grandine dilapidans hominumque boumque labores, Col. poët. 10, 330; Verg. A. 2, 284; 306.—
    c.
    Labores uteri, i. e. children, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 193.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Labos

  • 7 interpono

    inter-pōno, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, 3, v. a., to put, place, lay, or set between or among, to interpose, insert between.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Of place, constr. with acc. and dat., or inter with acc.:

    equitatus praesidia levis armaturae,

    Hirt. B. G. 8, 17; 13; 19:

    vestibus interponi eam (herbam) gratissimum,

    Plin. 21, 6, 20, § 43:

    ubi spatium inter muros... pilae interponuntur,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 15:

    inter eos levis armaturae Numidas,

    Hirt. B. Afr. 13:

    uti levis armatura interjecta inter equites suos interponeretur,

    id. ib. 20:

    sulcos,

    Cato, R. R. 33, 3:

    ne interpositi quidem elephanti militem deterrebant,

    Liv. 37, 42:

    lateri vinculum lapides sunt, quos interposuere, ut, etc.,

    Curt. 8, 10, 25.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    To insert, interpose, introduce. —Of time:

    intercalariis mensibus interpositis,

    Liv. 1, 19, 6; cf.:

    inediam unius diei per singulos menses,

    Suet. Vesp. 20.—Of musical notes:

    iis sonis quos interposuerant, inserunt alios,

    Quint. 12, 10, 68.—Of words or language:

    ne inquam et inquit saepius interponeretur,

    Cic. Lael. 1:

    hoc loco libet interponere... quantae, etc.,

    Nep. Pelop. 3, 1: subinde interponenti precibus, quid respondebo, [p. 984] etc., Quint. 6, 3, 64:

    paucis interpositis versibus,

    Cic. Div. 1, 57, 131:

    aliquid,

    Quint. 2, 4, 12:

    verbum ullum,

    Cic. Quint. 4, 15; so,

    querelas,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 1:

    meam sententiam,

    Quint. 5 prooem. 3. —

    Of a letter in a word: quibusdam (verbis litteram),

    Quint. 1, 5, 17.—Of a foot in verse:

    quibusdam (iambus) interpositus,

    id. 10, 1, 96.—
    2.
    Of time, to let pass, permit to elapse, leave an interval:

    spatium ad recreandos animos,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 74:

    ejus rei causa moram interponi arbitrabatur,

    id. B. G. 4, 9, fin.:

    tridui mora interposita,

    after a delay of, id. ib. 4, 11; id. B. C. 1, 64; 3, 12; 75:

    nullam moram,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

    nullam moram, quin, etc.,

    id. Ac. 1, 1:

    spatio interposito,

    some time after, id. Clu. 2, 5; Liv. 5, 5, 10:

    diebus aliquot interpositis,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 9:

    tempore interposito,

    Suet. Tib. 9; cf. id. Claud. 26; Plin. 25, 8, 49, § 88:

    hac interposita nocte,

    Liv. 44, 39.—
    3.
    To mingle:

    frigidam (cibis),

    to drink cold water while eating, Plin. 28, 4, 14, § 55; cf.:

    condimentis cuminum,

    to mix with, id. 20, 15, 58, § 153.—
    C.
    With personal objects, to introduce among, admit among, bring into, to bring into a feast, a society, among associates, etc.:

    quam sancta sit societas civium, dis immortalibus interpositis, etc.,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 7, 16:

    aliquem convivio,

    Suet. Claud. 39:

    legatos familiaribus,

    id. Ner. 22. —
    II.
    Trop., to interpose, introduce, put in the way, put forward.
    A.
    In gen., as a hinderance, interference, reason, or pretext:

    Lentulus provinciam, quam sorte habebat, interposita religione, deposuit,

    Cic. Pis. 21, 50:

    neque ulla belli suspicione interposita,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 32:

    nulla interposita dubitatione,

    id. ib. 7, 40; Hirt. B. G. 8, 48; 52:

    interposita pactione,

    Just. 7, 6, 5:

    offensione aliqua interposita,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 4:

    nec colloquium interposita causa tolli volebat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 42; Hirt. B. Alex. 70:

    causam interponens collegas exspectare,

    Nep. Them. 7, 2:

    postulata haec ab eo interposita esse, quominus, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 7, 15, 3:

    operam, studium, laborem pro sociis,

    id. Div. in Caecin. 19.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    Of a judgment, decree, edict, oath, etc.:

    jurejurando interposito,

    Liv. 34, 25, 7; Suet. Caes. 85:

    jus eo die se non dicturum, neque decretum interpositurum,

    Liv. 3, 46, 3:

    ad decreta interponenda pecuniam occipere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119; Suet. Tib. 33:

    judicium suum,

    Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

    poenas compromissaque,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 66:

    exceptionem actioni,

    Dig. 44, 1, 2:

    intercessionem suam (of a tribune of the people),

    Val. Max. 6, 1, 10:

    tutor interponit auctoritatem suam,

    gives his authorization, Gai. Inst. 1, 190. —
    2.
    Fidem interponere, to pledge one's word or credit:

    fidem suam in eam rem,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 36, 2:

    fidem reliquis interponere, jusjurandum poscere, ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 6:

    fidem suam in re omni,

    Hirt. B. Alex. 63:

    omni interposita fide,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 86:

    ut in eam rem fidem suam, si quid opus esse putaret, interponeret,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 114; cf.:

    sponsio interponeretur,

    Liv. 9, 9.—
    3.
    Se interponere (in aliquid, or alicui rei; also with quominus or absol.), to interfere, intermeddle, engage in, set one ' s self in the way:

    si te in istam pacificationem non interponis,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 27, 2:

    bello se,

    Liv. 35, 48:

    num ego me non interpono Romanis,

    Just. 3, 10, 11:

    num quem putas posse reperiri, qui se interponat, quominus, etc.?

    Cic. Vatin. 15:

    quid enim me interponerem audaciae tuae?

    expose myself, id. Phil. 2, 4, 19:

    ni tribuni plebis interposuissent se,

    Liv. 27, 6: tu vero, quod voles, facies;

    me nihil interpono,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 5.— Rarely, to interfere, interpose in behalf of any one:

    semper se interposuit,

    Nep. Att. 2, 4; 9, 5:

    Qui me mediis interposuerim Caesaris scriptis, i.e. by writing a continuation,

    Hirt. B. G. 8 praef.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > interpono

  • 8 intersum

    inter-sum, fŭi, esse (interfŭtūrus, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35;

    in tmesi: interque esse desiderat pugnis,

    Arn. 7, 255), v. n., to be between, lie between (class.; syn. interjaceo).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Of space:

    quas (segetes) inter et castra unus omnino collis intererat,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 35:

    ut Tiberis inter eos et pons interesset,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 2:

    via interest perangusta,

    Liv. 22, 4:

    morari victoriam rati, quod interesset amnis,

    id. 21, 5:

    quod interest spatii,

    Plin. 6, 9, 10, § 28.—
    B.
    Of time:

    cujus inter primum et sextum consulatum sex et quadraginta anni interfuerunt,

    elapsed, Cic. de Sen. 17, 60:

    inter Laviniam et Albam Longam coloniam deductam triginta ferme interfuere anni,

    Liv. 1, 3; Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 8.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To be apart; with abl. of distance (syn. disto):

    clathros interesse oportet pede,

    Cato, R. R. 4.—
    B.
    To be different, to differ:

    ut inter eos, ne minimum quidem intersit,

    there is not the slightest difference, Cic. Ac. 2, 17, 52: inter hominem et beluam hoc maxime interest, quod, men differ chiefly from brutes in this, that, etc., id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    vide, quantum interfuturum sit inter meam atque tuam accusationem,

    how great a difference there will be, id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    in his rebus nihil omnino interest,

    there is no difference whatever, id. Ac. 2; 15, 47:

    hoc pater ac dominus interest,

    there is this difference, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 51:

    tantum id interest, veneritne eo itinere ad urbem, an ab urbe in Campaniam redierit,

    Liv. 26, 11.— With ab (like differo, rare):

    negant quidquam a falsis interesse,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 9, 27; cf.:

    quod intersit aut differat, aliud ab alio,

    id. Fin. 3, 7, 25:

    quod ab eo nihil intersit, etc.,

    id. Ac. 2, 26, 83.—With dat.:

    ut matrona Intererit Satyris paulum pudibunda protervis,

    Hor. A. P. 232:

    quid dimidium dimidiato intersit,

    Gell. 3, 14, 4.—With gen. (in analogy with the Gr. diapherein tinos): quoniam to nemesan interest (= diapherei) tou phthonein, i. e. anger differs from envy, Cic. Att. 5, 19 fin.
    C.
    To be present at, take part in, attend; constr. absol., with dat. or in and abl.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    ac si ipse interfuerit, ac praesens viderit,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 104:

    interfuisse me memini,

    Suet. Dom. 12.—
    (β).
    With dat. rei:

    consiliis,

    Cic. Att. 14, 22, 2; 2, 23, 3:

    crudelitati,

    id. ib. 9, 6, 7:

    negotiis,

    id. Fam. 1, 6:

    lacrimis patris,

    Verg. A. 11, 62:

    ludis,

    Suet. Tib. 72:

    caedi,

    id. Dom. 47:

    rebus gerendis,

    Gell. 5, 18, 1:

    sermoni,

    id. 11, 7, 1:

    senatui,

    Cic. Dom. 11; Suet. Claud. 46:

    populo Quirini,

    to be among, live with, Hor. C. 1, 2, 46:

    rebus divinis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 4:

    proelio,

    id. ib. 7, 87:

    bello,

    Liv. 36, 4:

    spectaculo,

    id. 2, 38.— Also, with dat. loci:

    curiae,

    Suet. Aug. 38:

    contubernio patris,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 27, 1.—Also, with dat. pers.:

    sacrificanti interfuit,

    attended him, Suet. Oth. 6.—
    (γ).
    With in and abl.:

    in convivio,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

    in testamento faciendo,

    id. Clu. 59, 162:

    voluerunt eos in suis rebus ipsos interesse,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 14:

    quibus in rebus,

    Auct. Her. 1, 9.— Also used of time, to live in:

    quisquis illis temporibus interfuit,

    Vell. 2, 114, 2:

    cui tempori Saturninus interfuit,

    Sulp. Sev. Dial. 3, 3; cf.:

    ea (ratiocinatio) dicitur interfuisse tum, cum aliquid vitasse aut secutus esse animus videbitur,

    to have taken place, Cic. Inv. 2, 5, 18.—
    D.
    To interest, be of interest to one (very rare as pers. verb):

    non quo mea interesset natura loci,

    Cic. Att. 3, 19, 1 (cf. interest, impers. infra). —
    III.
    Esp.: intĕrest, impers., it makes a difference, interests, concerns, imports; is of interest, importance; constr. with gen. pers. or meā, tuā, suā, and with a subj. or rel. clause, ut or ne, or with ad:

    ea vos rata habeatis, ne magis reipublicae interest, quam mea,

    Liv. 26, 31, 10:

    quanto opere reipublicae communisque salutis intersit, manus hostium distineri,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5, 2:

    semper ille, quantum interesset P. Clodii, se perire, cogitabat,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    quid illius interest, ubi sis?

    id. Att. 10, 4, 10:

    quis enim est hodie, cujus intersit istam legem manere?

    id. Phil. 1, 9:

    hoc vehementer interest rei publicae,

    id. Q. Fr. 2, 4, 1:

    quod ego et mea et rei publicae interesse arbitror,

    id. Fam. 2, 19 fin.:

    multum interest rei familiaris tuae, te quam primum venire,

    id. Fam. 4, 10, 2:

    tuā et meā maxime interest, te valere,

    id. ib. 16, 4:

    id ignorare eos velis, quorum intersit id scire,

    id. Off. 3, 13, 57.— With ut or ne:

    illud meā magni interest, te ut videam,

    Cic. Att. 11, 22, 2:

    quod ut facias tuā interesse arbitror,

    id. Fam. 12, 18, 2:

    vestrā interest, ne imperatorem pessimi faciant,

    Tac. H. 1, 30:

    non tam suā quam reipublicae interesse ut salvus esset,

    Suet. Caes. 86; so,

    utriusque nostrum magni interest ut te videam,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4 B. and K. (dub.).— With gen. pretii:

    quod meus familiaris tanti suā interesse arbitraretur,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 10.—With rel. or interrog.-clause:

    in omnibus novis conjunctionibus interest, qualis primus aditus sit,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 4: non tam interest, quo animo scribatur, quam quo accipiatur, Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 1:

    neque multum interest, quod nondum per numeros distributi sunt,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 30, 2; cf. with utrum... an: quid interfuit, homo audacissime, utrum hoc decerneres, an, etc., what mattered it? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 61, § 141:

    nihil interest nunc, an violaverim, etc.,

    Liv. 26, 31.— With ad:

    ad honorem interesse,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 1:

    ad decus et ad laudem civitatis,

    id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

    ad laudem nostram,

    id. ib. 5, 12, 2:

    ad beate vivendum,

    id. Fin. 2, 28, 90.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > intersum

  • 9 intervallum

    inter-vallum, i, n., prop., the open space within the mound or breastwork of a camp, the space between two palisades.
    I.
    Lit.: opus, pedum sexaginta, quod est inter vallum et legiones... a quibusdam intervallum [p. 987] cognominatum, Hyg. de Munit. Cast. 6:

    intervalla sunt spatia inter capita vallorum,

    Isid. 15, 9, 2.—
    B.
    In gen., space between, interval, distance:

    trabes directae, paribus intervallis in solo collocantur. Ea autem intervalla grandibus saxis effarciuntur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 23:

    pari intervallo,

    at an equal distance, id. ib. 1, 43:

    respiciens videt magnis intervallis sequentes,

    Liv. 1, 25:

    unius signi,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 20:

    digitorum,

    Suet. Dom. 19:

    sonorum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 18:

    locorum et temporum,

    id. Fam. 1, 7:

    ex intervallo,

    from a distance, Liv. 48, 44, 8:

    proximus longo intervallo insequi,

    Verg. A. 5, 320:

    juvenes modicis intervallis disponere,

    Suet. Aug. 49:

    quinque milium intervallo,

    Liv. 23, 29:

    mille passuum intervallo distantes,

    id. 33, 1 saep.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Interval of time, intermission, respite:

    annuum regni,

    an interregnum, Liv. 1, 17:

    sine intervallo loquacitas,

    i. e. incessant, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185:

    dolor si longus, levis, dat enim intervalla,

    relaxes sometimes, id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

    litterarum,

    id. Fam. 7, 18:

    intervallum jam hos dies multos fuit,

    Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 28:

    distinctio et aequalium et saepe variorum intervallorum numerum conficit,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186; cf. the context. —
    B.
    A pause:

    flumen aliis verborum volubilitasque cordi est: distincta alios et interpuncta intervalla, morae, respirationesque delectant,

    Cic. Or. 16:

    trochaeus temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,

    id. ib. 57:

    ut te tanto intervallo viderem,

    after so long a time, id. Fam. 15, 14:

    vocem paululum attenuata crebris intervallis et divisionibus oportet uti,

    Auct. Her. 3, 14, 24:

    tanto ex intervallo,

    Quint. 11, 2, 5; Liv. 3, 38:

    intervallo dicere,

    after a pause, Cic. Or. 66: ex intervallo, farther on, lower down (in the discourse), Gell. 15, 12, 4:

    sine intervallo cibum dare,

    without loss of time, Varr. R. R. 2, 1: dare quippiam alicui per intervalla, at intervals, i. e. from time to time, Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 164 (al. intervalla dantur):

    per intervallum adventantes,

    Tac. A. 4, 73:

    scelerum,

    time for the perpetration of crimes, id. ib. 3.—
    C.
    Difference, dissimilitude:

    videte, quantum intervallum sit interjectum inter majorum consilia, et istorum dementiam,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 89; id. Rab. Perd. 5, 15.—
    D.
    An interval in music, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146.
    inter-vectus,.
    a, um, adj. [veho], carried up, raised up (post-class.):

    arbores,

    Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 3, 38.
    inter-vello,.
    vulsi (rarely velli, v. infra), vulsum, 3, v. a., to pluck, pull, or pick out here and there, to lop, prune (post-Aug.).
    I.
    In partic., to pluck out here and there, to thin. —Of wings:

    ne ego homo infelix fui qui non alas intervelli (sc. vocis),

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.—Of the beard:

    isti, qui aut vellunt barbam, aut intervellunt,

    Sen. Ep. 114, 20. — Of fruit and trees, to pluck here and there, to prune:

    poma intervelli melius est, ut quae relicta sint, grandescant,

    Plin. 17, 27, 47, § 260:

    arbores,

    Col. 5, 10:

    semina,

    id. 4, 33, 3. —
    II.
    In gen., to tear out, take away:

    num aliquid ex illis intervelli, atque ex tempore dicendis inseri possit,

    Quint. 12, 9, 17:

    quae ita sunt natura copulata, ut mutari aut intervelli sine confusione non possint,

    id. 10, 7, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > intervallum

  • 10 intercipio

    inter-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. [capio], lit., to take away between, i. e. to seize on the passage before arrival at the destined place, to intercept.
    I.
    Lit.:

    tun redimes me, si me hostes interceperint?

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 93:

    venenum,

    to take the poison intended for another, Cic. Clu. 60:

    litteras,

    id. Att. 1, 13, 2; cf.:

    litterae interceptae,

    id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3; id. Att. 10, 8; Cassiod. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 1; Curt. 4, 10, 6:

    epistulam,

    id. 6, 9, 13:

    magnum numerum jumentorum atque hominum,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 55:

    commeatus,

    Liv. 36, 3:

    aliquis ab suis interceptus,

    cut off, id. 29, 9:

    hostes discretos,

    Tac. H. 4, 75: in sublime jactari sagoque intercipi ( be held fast) ne tellurem attingat, Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52:

    interceptae e publico pecuniae,

    Tac. A. 4, 45:

    terga caput tangunt, colla intercepta videntur,

    to be wanting, Ov. M. 6, 379: quam (hastam) medius Rhoeteus intercipit, comes in the way of, i. e. is struck or killed by, Verg. A. 10, 402.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To interrupt, hinder, cut off, preoccupy, preclude:

    medium iter,

    Liv. 25, 39, 2 (al. intersaepto):

    opportuna loca,

    id. 9, 43, 3:

    hostiles ingressus,

    Tac. A. 15, 3:

    medios sermones,

    Quint. 6, 4, 11:

    pedestre iter,

    Curt. 4, 2, 9:

    usum aurium intercipiente fremitu,

    id. 4, 13, 38.—
    B.
    To take away, rob, steal:

    aliquid ab aliquo,

    Liv. 3, 71:

    aliquid alicui,

    Ov. P. 4, 7, 25; Plin. Pan. 75:

    veram laudem,

    Phaedr. 4, 12, 2:

    commentarios, quorum tamen pars maxima intercepta dicitur,

    copied from other sources, Suet. Gram. 3.—
    C.
    Of death, to snatch away, carry off:

    si me fata intercepissent, Quint. prooem. 1, 6: apes saepe morbis intercipiuntur,

    Col. 9, 3:

    rex mortalitate interceptus,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 50; 6, 25, 4:

    interceptus veneno,

    Tac. Agr. 43; id. A. 3, 12; Suet. Caes. 20 fin.:

    scelere Pisonis,

    id. ib. 2, 71:

    a manu gladiatorum,

    id. Aug. 14 fin.:

    ceterum interceptus quoque magnum sibi vindicat locum,

    Quint. 10, 1, 121:

    neque ob aliud interceptus, quam, etc.,

    Tac. A. 2, 82:

    Theophilum atrox interceperat casus,

    Amm. 14, 7, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > intercipio

  • 11 interdico

    inter-dīco, dixi, ctum (interdixem for interdixissem, Cat. ap. Gell. 19, 9 fin.), 3, v. a., to speak between, i. e. to interpose by speaking.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    To say among other things, to remark meanwhile, interpose:

    in praesentiarum hoc interdicere non alienum fuit,

    Auct. Her. 2, 11 fin.
    B.
    To forbid, prohibit, interdict.
    (α).
    With ne:

    interdico, ne, etc.,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 48:

    interdicit atque imperat Cassivellauno ne Mandubratio noceat,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 22:

    praecipit atque interdicit omnes unum peterent Indutiomarum, neu quis, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 58; so with ut ne:

    neque enim est interdictum... ut singulis hominibus ne amplius quam singulas artes nosse liceat,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 50, 215; id. Balb. 13, 30.—
    (β).
    Alicui aliquid:

    feminis dumtaxat purpurae usum (al. usu),

    Liv. 34, 7:

    histrionibus scaenam,

    Suet. Dom. 7:

    ei convictum hominum,

    Val. Max. 2, 7, 9:

    feminis convivia et conspectum virorum,

    Just. 41, 3, 2:

    alicui admirationem,

    Sen. Ep. 87:

    interdictum est mare Antiati populo,

    Liv. 8, 14:

    religio civibus interdicta,

    Suet. Claud. 25:

    interdicitur vini potus,

    Plin. 30, 10, 27, § 87; cf. abl. absol.:

    urbe interdicta,

    Suet. Aug. 27; id. Vesp. 14; Cic. Balb. 10, 26.—
    (γ).
    Alicui with inf.:

    alicui arte sua uti,

    Dig. 48, 19, 43:

    cum sibi interdixerit habere, interdixit et poscere,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 3; cf. with ellips. of dat.:

    interdixit hariolus... aliquid novi negoti incipere,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 27:

    pari severitate interdixit commeatus peti,

    Suet. Galb. 6.—
    (δ).
    Alicui aliquā re:

    vos interdicitis patribus commercio plebis,

    Liv. 5, 3, 8:

    quā arrogantiā usus Ariovistus omni Galliā Romanis interdixisset,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 4:

    meretriciis amoribus juventuti,

    Cic. Cael. 20, 48:

    male rem gerentibus patribus bonis interdici solet,

    id. de Sen. 7, 22:

    ei domo suā,

    Quint. 6, 3, 79; Suet. Aug. 66 (cf. 1. B. 2. infra.).—
    (ε).
    Aliquem aliquā re:

    aliquem sacrificiis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 6; mostly in pass.:

    quod moribus eorum interdici non poterat socero gener,

    Nep. Ham. 3, 2:

    philosophi urbe et Italiā interdicti sunt,

    Gell. 15, 11, 4: illi omni jure interdicti, Q. Metell. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 7.—
    (ζ).
    With dat. and de and abl.: interdixi tibi de medicis, forbid to have to do with, warn against, Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14.—
    (η).
    Pass. impers., with abl. manner:

    priusquam senatus consulto interdiceretur,

    Suet. Aug. 43.—
    2.
    In partic.: interdicere alicui aquā et igni, to forbid one the use of fire and water, i. e. to banish:

    tanquam si illi aquā et igni interdictum sit,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4:

    futurum puto, ut aquā et igni nobis interdicatur,

    id. Fam. 11, 1:

    quibus cum aquā et igni interdixisset,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 44; Paul. Sent. 5, 26, 3; 5, 29, 1.—
    (β).
    Interdicere alicui (sc. aquā et igni), Ampel. 42.—
    (γ).
    Interdicere alicui aquam et ignem, Isid. 5, 27, 38.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    To enjoin, command (of an injunction implying also a prohibition):

    te familiae valde interdicere ut uni dicto audiens esset,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 39, 61.—
    B.
    Of the prætor, to forbid, interdict; esp., to make a provisional or interlocutory decree:

    praetor interdixit de vi, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

    praetor qui de fossis, de cloacis, etc., interdicit,

    id. ib. 13 init.:

    praetor interdixit, ut unde dejectus esset, eo restitueretur,

    id. ib. 28, 80.—
    C.
    To make use of a prætor ' s interdict, Quint. 3, 6, 71:

    si adversus eum velis interdicere,

    Dig. 43, 18, 1: alicui rem capitalem, Cato ap. Charis. p. 178 P.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > interdico

  • 12 intermitto

    inter-mitto, mīsi, missum, 3, v. a. and n.
    I.
    Act.
    A.
    To leave off, intermit, omit, neglect; constr. with acc., aliquid ab, ad, or inf.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    studia,

    Cic. Or. 10:

    iter,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 3:

    proelium,

    id. B. G. 3, 5:

    opus,

    id. ib. 3, 29:

    admirationem rerum,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 20, 57:

    officia militaria,

    Just. 25, 1, 9:

    curam rerum,

    Tac. A. 4, 13:

    laborem,

    Ov. M. 3, 154:

    quod (otium) quidem paulisper intermisit,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 31, 4; cf.:

    qua erat nostrum opus intermissum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 71.—
    (β).
    Aliquid ab:

    ut reliquum tempus a labore intermitteretur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 32, 1:

    tempus ab opere,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2; cf. id. ib. 7, 17, 1. —
    (γ).
    With ad:

    nulla pars nocturni temporis ad laborem intermittitur,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 40, 5; 5, 11, 6.—
    (ε).
    With inf.:

    quod tu mihi litteras mittere intermisisses,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 1; so,

    non intermittit suo tempore caelum mitescere, etc.,

    id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69:

    consulere rei publicae,

    id. Div. 2, 1, 1; id. Fam. 7, 12, 1:

    obsides dare,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 31. —
    B.
    To let pass, suffer to elapse:

    tempus, quin,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 31:

    unum diem, quin veniat,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 6:

    diem,

    Cic. Att. 9, 16, 1. —
    II.
    Neutr.
    A.
    To leave off, cease, pause:

    gallos gallinaceos sic assidue canere coepisse, ut nihil intermitterent,

    Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74:

    aves intermittentes bibunt,

    drink by separate draughts, Plin. 10, 46, 63, § 129.—
    B.
    To leave an interval, to pause:

    spatium, qua flumen intermittit,

    does not flow, Caes. B. G. 1, 38; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 171:

    febris intermittit,

    is intermittent, Cels. 3, 14:

    febris intermittens,

    an intermitting fever, id. 3, 13.—Hence, intermissus, a, um, Part.
    A.
    Of a place, not occupied by, free from:

    custodiis loca,

    Liv. 7, 36, 1; 24, 35, 8:

    planities intermissa collibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 70.—
    2.
    Of time or space, permitted to elapse, intervening, left between.
    (α).
    Of time:

    brevi tempore intermisso,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 34.—
    (β).
    Of space:

    intermissis circiter passibus quadringentis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 41; 7, 73 al.—
    B.
    Intermitted, neglected, or omitted for a time, respited, interrupted:

    ludi,

    Cic. Div. 1, 26, 55:

    ventus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8:

    libertas,

    Cic. Off. 2, 7, 24:

    impetus remorum,

    id. de Or. 1, 33, 153:

    bella,

    Hor. C. 4, 1, 1:

    bellum,

    Suet. Aug. 16:

    censura diu,

    id. Claud. 16: nono die, intermisso rure, ad mercatum venire, Rutil. ap. Macr. S. 1, 16, 34. —
    C.
    Not surrounded, unenclosed:

    pars oppidi, quae intermissa a flumine et a paludibus: aditum angustum habebat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17:

    trabes intermissae spatiis,

    separated, id. ib. 7, 23:

    verba prisca et ab usu quotidiani sermonis jamdiu intermissa,

    i. e. given up, abandoned, Cic. de Or. 3, 38:

    ordo,

    Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 50:

    mos,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 13:

    per intermissa moenia urbem intrārunt,

    i. e. where the wall was discontinued, Liv. 34, 37 fin.:

    facies, non multarum imaginum et intermissarum, sed unius longae et continuae,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 8.—
    D.
    Left out, omitted (late Lat.): nonnulla, quae mihi intermissa videbantur, adjeci, Hier. praef. ad Chron. Euseb.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > intermitto

  • 13 interluceo

    inter-lūcĕo, luxi, 2, v. n., to shine or glitter forth at intervals (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    duos soles visos, et noctu interluxisse,

    Liv. 29, 14, 3:

    quia terrena quaedam animalia plerumque interlucent (in amber),

    Tac. G. 45, 4; Sol. 20, 3.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To be manifest, plainly visible:

    loci interlucent,

    Auct. Her. 3, 19, 31:

    quibus inter gradus dignitatis et fortunae aliquid interlucet,

    by which the degrees of dignity and fortune are distinguished, Liv. 1, 42, 4.—
    B.
    To be capable of being seen through (thin of substance or few in number), to be transparent:

    interlucet corona (militum),

    Verg. A. 9, 508:

    acies,

    Front. Strat. 2, 3, 16; Veg. Mil. 3, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > interluceo

  • 14 intermisceo

    inter-miscĕo, scui, xtum, or stum, 2, v. a., to mix among, intermix. —With dat. (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

    tibi undam,

    Verg. E. 10, 5; so,

    aliquid alicui,

    Col. 11, 3, 57:

    turbam indignorum dignis,

    Liv. 4, 56.—With abl.:

    intermixti hostibus cognoscunt, etc.,

    Liv. 10, 20:

    classe captiva intermixtis mulieribus,

    Just. 2, 8, 3. — Absol.:

    turbabant equos pedites intermixti,

    Liv. 21, 46; Scrib. Comp. 207.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > intermisceo

  • 15 committo

    com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.
    A.
    In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.
    (α).
    Inter se:

    res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

    Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

    oras vulneris suturis,

    Cels. 7, 19:

    duo verba,

    Quint. 9, 4, 33:

    easdem litteras,

    id. ib.:

    duo comparativa,

    id. 9, 3, 19.—
    (β).
    With cum:

    costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

    Cels. 8, 1.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

    Liv. 39, 2, 10:

    quā naris fronti committitur,

    is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

    quā vir equo commissus erat,

    id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

    of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

    Verg. A. 3, 428:

    commissa dextera dextrae,

    Ov. H. 2, 31:

    medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

    Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—
    (δ).
    With in and acc.:

    commissa in unum crura,

    Ov. M. 4, 580:

    committuntur suturae in unguem,

    Cels. 8, 1.—
    (ε).
    With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

    commissis operibus,

    Liv. 38, 7, 10:

    fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

    Ov. M. 6, 178:

    (terra) maria committeret,

    Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

    noctes duas,

    Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

    commissa corpore toto,

    Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

    domus plumbo commissa,

    patched, Juv. 14, 310.—
    B.
    In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

    elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

    Suet. Aug. 45:

    quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

    id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

    camelorum quadrigas,

    id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

    victores committe,

    Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

    licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

    i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

    eunucho Bromium committere noli,

    id. 6, 378:

    inter se omnes,

    Suet. Calig. 56:

    aequales inter se,

    id. Gram. 17.—
    b.
    Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

    committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

    Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—
    2.
    Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.
    a.
    To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    proelii committendi signum dare,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

    cum proelium commissum audissent,

    id. ib. 7, 62:

    commisso ab equitibus proelio,

    id. B. C. 1, 40:

    in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

    Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

    postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

    Sall. C. 60, 2:

    commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

    Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

    id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

    pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

    Suet. Aug. 96:

    avidus committere pugnam,

    Sil. 8, 619:

    pugnas,

    Stat. Th. 6, 143:

    rixae committendae causā,

    Liv. 5, 25, 2:

    cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

    Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

    a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

    nondum commisso spectaculo,

    Liv. 2, 36, 1:

    musicum agona,

    Suet. Ner. 23:

    aciem,

    Flor. 4, 2, 46:

    commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

    Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

    si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

    Flor. 2, 15, 2:

    committere Martem,

    Sil. 13, 155:

    quo die ludi committebantur,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

    ludos dedicationis,

    Suet. Claud. 21:

    ludos,

    Verg. A. 5, 113.—
    b.
    In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

    illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

    Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

    levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

    Liv. 34, 37, 7:

    commisso modico certamine,

    id. 23, 44, 5.—
    (β).
    Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

    contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

    Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

    priusquam committeretur,

    before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—
    3.
    In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

    tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

    Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

    judicium inter sicarios committitur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

    egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

    Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—
    4.
    In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

    Hor. A. P. 168:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    quantum flagitii,

    id. Brut. 61, 219:

    tantum facinus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

    virilis audaciae facinora,

    Sall. C. 25, 1:

    majus delictum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

    nil nefandum,

    Ov. M. 9, 626:

    nefarias res,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

    scelus,

    id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

    adulterium,

    Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

    incestum cum filio,

    id. 5, 10, 19:

    parricidium,

    id. 7, 2, 2:

    caedem,

    id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

    sacrilegium,

    id. 7, 2, 18:

    fraudem,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

    committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

    in te,

    Verg. A. 1, 231:

    aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

    Liv. 42, 38, 3:

    aliquid erga te,

    Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—
    (β).
    Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

    quasi committeret contra legem,

    Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

    in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

    Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

    adversus testamentum,

    ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

    ne lege censoriā committant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    lege de sicariis,

    Quint. 7, 1, 9. —
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—
    (δ).
    With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

    id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

    non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

    ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

    committere ut accusator nominere,

    id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

    non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,
    (ε).
    With cur or quare:

    Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

    Liv. 5, 46, 6:

    neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—
    (ζ).
    With inf.:

    non committunt scamna facere,

    Col. 2, 4, 3:

    infelix committit saepe repelli,

    Ov. M. 9, 632.—
    b.
    Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

    poenam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

    committere in poenam edicti,

    Dig. 2, 2, 4:

    ut illam multam non commiserit,

    Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—
    (β).
    Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

    hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

    commissae hypothecae,

    id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

    commissa tibi fiducia,

    id. Fl. 21, 51:

    merces,

    Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

    mancipium,

    ib. 39, 14, 6:

    praedia in publicum,

    ib. 3, 5, 12:

    hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

    incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—
    c.
    Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

    in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

    a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

    Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

    si alius committat edictum,

    transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

    commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

    ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

    committetur stipulatio,

    ib. 24, 3, 56.
    II.
    To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.
    (α).
    Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

    honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

    nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

    id. Sest. 28, 60:

    qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

    Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

    ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

    ne quid committam tibi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

    his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

    Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

    4: tibi rem magnam,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

    quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

    id. Planc. 25, 61:

    summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

    Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

    domino rem omnem,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

    caput tonsori,

    id. A. P. 301:

    ratem pelago,

    id. C. 1, 3, 11:

    sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

    Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

    committere semen sitienti solo,

    Col. 2, 8, 4:

    ulcus frigori,

    Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

    aliquid litteris,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

    verba tabellis,

    Ov. M. 9, 587:

    vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

    committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

    se urbi,

    id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

    se theatro populoque Romano,

    id. Sest. 54, 116:

    se proelio,

    Liv. 4, 59, 2:

    se pugnae,

    id. 5, 32, 4:

    se publico,

    to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

    se neque navigationi, neque viae,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

    se timidius fortunae,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

    civilibus fluctibus,

    Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—
    (β).
    Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

    aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

    se in id conclave,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

    se in conspectum populi Romani,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

    se in senatum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

    summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

    id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

    rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

    Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

    duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

    id. 40, 21, 6:

    rem in aciem,

    id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

    se in aciem,

    id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

    rempublicam in discrimen,

    id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

    rerum summam in discrimen,

    id. 33, 7, 10. —
    (γ).
    Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

    sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

    in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

    ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

    universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

    id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

    venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

    sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

    intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

    instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

    often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

    cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

    Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

    iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

    nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

    Liv. 44, 4, 8:

    supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

    id. 44, 6, 14.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

    sacrum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

    ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

    Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

    turpe,

    Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

    commissi praemia,

    Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

    post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

    offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

    fateri,

    Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

    improba,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—
    2.
    Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

    in commissum cadere,

    Dig. 39, 4, 16:

    causa commissi,

    ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

    aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

    Quint. Decl. 341.—
    C.
    (Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

    enuntiare commissa,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    commissa celare,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

    commissa tacere,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

    prodere,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

    retinent commissa fideliter aures,

    id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

    commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

    id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > committo

  • 16 conmitto

    com-mitto ( con-m-), mīsi, missum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    Of two or more objects, to bring, join, combine into one whole; to join or put together, to connect, unite.
    A.
    In gen. (rare; not in Cic.), constr. inter se, cum aliquā re, alicui, with in and acc., and with acc. only.
    (α).
    Inter se:

    res in ordinem digestae atque inter se commissae,

    Quint. 7, prooem. §

    1: per nondum commissa inter se munimenta urbem intravit,

    Liv. 38, 4, 8; cf. thus with inter se:

    oras vulneris suturis,

    Cels. 7, 19:

    duo verba,

    Quint. 9, 4, 33:

    easdem litteras,

    id. ib.:

    duo comparativa,

    id. 9, 3, 19.—
    (β).
    With cum:

    costae committuntur cum osse pectoris,

    Cels. 8, 1.—
    (γ).
    With dat.:

    viam a Placentiā ut Flaminiae committeret,

    Liv. 39, 2, 10:

    quā naris fronti committitur,

    is joined to, Ov. M. 12, 315:

    quā vir equo commissus erat,

    id. ib. 12, 478 (of a Centaur); cf.

    of Scylla: delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum,

    Verg. A. 3, 428:

    commissa dextera dextrae,

    Ov. H. 2, 31:

    medulla spinae commissa cerebro,

    Cels. 8, 1:

    moles, quae urbem continenti committeret,

    Curt. 4, 2, 16; Flor. 1, 4, 2 Duker.—
    (δ).
    With in and acc.:

    commissa in unum crura,

    Ov. M. 4, 580:

    committuntur suturae in unguem,

    Cels. 8, 1.—
    (ε).
    With acc. only: barbaricam pestem navibus obtulit, commissam infabre, Pac. ap. Non. p. 40, 31 (Trag. Rel. v. 271 Rib.):

    commissis operibus,

    Liv. 38, 7, 10:

    fidibusque mei commissa mariti moenia,

    Ov. M. 6, 178:

    (terra) maria committeret,

    Curt. 3, 1, 13; 7, 7, 14:

    noctes duas,

    Ov. Am. 1, 13, 46; cf.: nocte commissā. Sen. Herc. Oet. 1698:

    commissa corpore toto,

    Ov. M. 4, 369; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 248, 25: cervix committitur primo [p. 380] artu, Val. Fl. 4, 310:

    domus plumbo commissa,

    patched, Juv. 14, 310.—
    B.
    In partic., to set or bring men or animals together in a contest or fight, as competitors, etc., to set together, set on (freq. in Suet.;

    elsewhere rare): pugiles Latinos cum Graecis,

    Suet. Aug. 45:

    quingenis peditibus, elephantis vicenis, tricenis equitibus hinc et inde commissis,

    id. Caes. 39; id. Claud. 34:

    camelorum quadrigas,

    id. Ner. 11; Luc. 1, 97:

    victores committe,

    Mart. 8, 43, 3; cf. id. Spect. 28, 1:

    licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem Committas,

    i.e. you describe their contest in your poem, you bring them in contact with each other, Juv. 1, 162:

    eunucho Bromium committere noli,

    id. 6, 378:

    inter se omnes,

    Suet. Calig. 56:

    aequales inter se,

    id. Gram. 17.—
    b.
    Trop., to bring together for comparison, to compare, put together, match:

    committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem, Atque aliā parte in trutinā suspendit Homerum,

    Juv. 6, 436; cf. Prop. 2, 3, 21; Mart. 7, 24, 1.—
    2.
    Transf., of a battle, war: proelium, certamen, bellum, etc.
    a.
    To arrange a battle or contest, to enter upon, engage in, begin, join, commence, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77:

    proelii committendi signum dare,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 21:

    cum proelium commissum audissent,

    id. ib. 7, 62:

    commisso ab equitibus proelio,

    id. B. C. 1, 40:

    in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit,

    Nep. Eum. 3 fin.; id. Hann. 11, 3; id. Milt. 6, 3; Just. 2, 12, 7; 15, 4, 22; 22, 6, 6:

    postquam eo ventum est, ut a ferentariis proelium committi posset,

    Sall. C. 60, 2:

    commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum militum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 35; id. B. C. 1, 13; 2, 6 Kraner ad loc.:

    Caesar cohortatus suos proelium commisit,

    id. ib. 1, 25:

    utrum proelium committi ex usu esset, necne,

    id. ib. 1, 50; 1, 52; 2, 19; Nep. Milt. 5, 3:

    pridie quam Siciliensem pugnam classe committeret,

    Suet. Aug. 96:

    avidus committere pugnam,

    Sil. 8, 619:

    pugnas,

    Stat. Th. 6, 143:

    rixae committendae causā,

    Liv. 5, 25, 2:

    cum vates monere eum (regem) coepit, ne committeret, aut certe differret obsidionem,

    Curt. 9, 4, 27.—Of a drinking contest for a wager:

    a summo septenis cyathis committe hos ludos,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 19:

    nondum commisso spectaculo,

    Liv. 2, 36, 1:

    musicum agona,

    Suet. Ner. 23:

    aciem,

    Flor. 4, 2, 46:

    commissum (bellum) ac profligatum conficere,

    Liv. 21, 40, 11; 8, 25, 5; 31, 28, 1 al.; cf.:

    si quis trium temporum momenta consideret, primo commissum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est,

    Flor. 2, 15, 2:

    committere Martem,

    Sil. 13, 155:

    quo die ludi committebantur,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 4, 6:

    ludos dedicationis,

    Suet. Claud. 21:

    ludos,

    Verg. A. 5, 113.—
    b.
    In gen., to maintain a contest, etc., to fight a battle, to hold, celebrate games, etc. (rare):

    illam pugnam navalem... mediocri certamine commissam arbitraris?

    Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

    levia inde proelia per quatriduum commissa,

    Liv. 34, 37, 7:

    commisso modico certamine,

    id. 23, 44, 5.—
    (β).
    Absol. (post-Aug. and rare):

    contra quem Sulla iterum commisit,

    Eutr. 5, 6; 9, 24; Dig. 9, 1, 1:

    priusquam committeretur,

    before the contest began, Suet. Vesp. 5.—
    3.
    In gen.: committere aliquid, to begin any course of action, to undertake, carry on, hold (rare):

    tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio,

    Vell. 2, 64 fin.:

    judicium inter sicarios committitur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 11. —In part. perf.:

    egregie ad ultimum in audacter commisso perseveravit,

    Liv. 44, 4, 11; cf. id. ib. § 8; 44, 6, 14.—
    4.
    In partic., to practise or perpetrate wrong, do injustice; to commit a crime (very freq. and class.).
    (α).
    With acc.:

    ut neque timeant, qui nihil commiserint, et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui peccaverint,

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf. Quint. 7, 2, 30:

    commississe cavet quod mox mutare laboret,

    Hor. A. P. 168:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    quantum flagitii,

    id. Brut. 61, 219:

    tantum facinus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 23, 65:

    virilis audaciae facinora,

    Sall. C. 25, 1:

    majus delictum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 4:

    nil nefandum,

    Ov. M. 9, 626:

    nefarias res,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2:

    scelus,

    id. Sull. 2, 6; Dig. 48, 9, 7:

    adulterium,

    Quint. 7, 2, 11; 7, 3, 1:

    incestum cum filio,

    id. 5, 10, 19:

    parricidium,

    id. 7, 2, 2:

    caedem,

    id. 7, 4, 43; 10, 1, 12; 5, 12, 3:

    sacrilegium,

    id. 7, 2, 18:

    fraudem,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.— Aliquid adversus, in, erga:

    committere multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 6; cf.:

    in te,

    Verg. A. 1, 231:

    aliquid adversus populum Romanum,

    Liv. 42, 38, 3:

    aliquid erga te,

    Cic. Att. 3, 20, 3.—
    (β).
    Committere contra legem, in legem, lege, to offend, sin, commit an offence:

    quasi committeret contra legem,

    Cic. Brut. 12, 48:

    in legem Juliam de adulteriis,

    Dig. 48, 5, 39; 48, 10, 13:

    adversus testamentum,

    ib. 34, 3, 8, § 2:

    ne lege censoriā committant,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    lege de sicariis,

    Quint. 7, 1, 9. —
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    hoc si in posterum edixisses, minus esset nefarium... nemo enim committeret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 110.—
    (δ).
    With ut, to be guilty or be in fault, so that, to give occasion or cause, that, to act so as that:

    id me commissurum ut patiar fieri,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 78:

    non committet hodie iterum ut vapulet,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 5:

    ego nolo quemquam civem committere, ut morte multandus sit: tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 15:

    committere ut accusator nominere,

    id. Off. 2, 14, 50; so Liv. 25, 6, 17:

    non committam, ut tibi ipse insanire videar,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3; 3, 7, 3; id. Att. 1, 6, 1; 1, 20, 3; id. de Or. 2, 57, 233; id. Off. 3, 2, 6; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1, Quint. 1, 10, 30; 5, 13, 27; Cic. Leg. 1, 13, 37.—More rare in a like sense,
    (ε).
    With cur or quare:

    Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret,

    Liv. 5, 46, 6:

    neque commissum a se, quare timeret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 14.—
    (ζ).
    With inf.:

    non committunt scamna facere,

    Col. 2, 4, 3:

    infelix committit saepe repelli,

    Ov. M. 9, 632.—
    b.
    Poenam, multam, etc., jurid. t. t., to bring punishment upon one ' s self by an error or fault, to incur, make one ' s self liable to it:

    poenam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 30; cf. Quint. 7, 4, 20; and:

    committere in poenam edicti,

    Dig. 2, 2, 4:

    ut illam multam non commiserit,

    Cic. Clu. 37, 103; Dig. 35, 1, 6 pr.—
    (β).
    Committi, with a definite object, to be forfeited or confiscated, as a penalty:

    hereditas Veneri Erycinae commissa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 2, 14, § 36; so,

    commissae hypothecae,

    id. Fam. 13, 56, 2:

    commissa tibi fiducia,

    id. Fl. 21, 51:

    merces,

    Dig. 39, 4, 11, § 2:

    mancipium,

    ib. 39, 14, 6:

    praedia in publicum,

    ib. 3, 5, 12:

    hanc devotionem capitis esse commissam,

    incurred, Cic. Dom. 57, 145.—
    c.
    Also (mostly in jurid. Lat.) of laws, judicial regulations, promises, etc., that become binding in consequence of the fulfilment of a condition as the commission of a crime, etc.:

    in civitatem obligatam sponsione commissa iratis omnibus diis,

    a promise the condition of which has been fulfilled, Liv. 9, 11, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo,

    Cic. Dom. 57, 145:

    si alius committat edictum,

    transgresses, incurs its penalty, makes himself liable to, Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 11; cf.:

    commisso edicto ab alio filio, ib. lex 8, § 4: commisso per alium edicto, ib. lex 10, § 1 al.: statim atque commissa lex est,

    ib. 18, 3, 4, § 2:

    committetur stipulatio,

    ib. 24, 3, 56.
    II.
    To place a thing somewhere for preservation, protection, care, etc.; to give, intrust, commit to, to give up or resign to, to trust (syn.: commendo, trado, credo; very freq. and class.); constr. with aliquid ( aliquem) alicui, in aliquid, or absol.
    (α).
    Aliquid ( aliquem, se) alicui:

    honor non solum datus sed etiam creditus ac commissus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 14, § 35:

    nec illi (Catoni) committendum illud negotium, sed inponendum putaverunt,

    id. Sest. 28, 60:

    qui capita vestra non dubitatis credere, cui calceandos nemo commisit pedes?

    Phaedr. 1, 14, 16:

    ego me tuae commendo et committo fidei,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 47 (cf. id. And. 1, 5, 61):

    ne quid committam tibi,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 21; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. And. 3, 5, 3; cf.:

    his salutem nostram, his fortunas, his liberos rectissime committi arbitramur,

    Cic. Off. 2, 9, 33; id. Att. 1, 13, 1; cf. id. ib. §

    4: tibi rem magnam,

    id. Fam. 13, 5, 1; id. Mil. 25, 68:

    quia commissi sunt eis magistratus,

    id. Planc. 25, 61:

    summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum alicui,

    Nep. Lys. 1 fin.:

    domino rem omnem,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 67:

    caput tonsori,

    id. A. P. 301:

    ratem pelago,

    id. C. 1, 3, 11:

    sulcis semina (corresp. with spem credere terrae),

    Verg. G. 1, 223; cf.:

    committere semen sitienti solo,

    Col. 2, 8, 4:

    ulcus frigori,

    Cels. 6, 18, n. 2:

    aliquid litteris,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8; so,

    verba tabellis,

    Ov. M. 9, 587:

    vivunt commissi calores Aeoliae fidibus puellae,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 11 al.:

    committere se populo, senatui, publicis praesidiis et armis (corresp. with se tradere),

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; so,

    se urbi,

    id. Att. 15, 11, 1:

    se theatro populoque Romano,

    id. Sest. 54, 116:

    se proelio,

    Liv. 4, 59, 2:

    se pugnae,

    id. 5, 32, 4:

    se publico,

    to venture into the streets, Suet. Ner. 26:

    se neque navigationi, neque viae,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; cf. id. Phil. 12, 10, 25; id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:

    se timidius fortunae,

    id. Att. 9, 6, 4:

    civilibus fluctibus,

    Nep. Att. 6, 1 al. —Prov.: ovem lupo (Gr. kataleipein oïn en lukoisi), Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 16.—
    (β).
    Aliquid ( aliquem, se) in aliquid (so esp. freq. in Liv.):

    aliquid in alicujus fidem committere,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 34; cf. Liv. 30, 14, 4:

    se in id conclave,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64:

    se in conspectum populi Romani,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26; cf. Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, C, 2:

    se in senatum,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 2; id. Ac. 2, 21, 68:

    summae fuisse dementiae dubiā spe impulsum certum in periculum se committere,

    id. Inv. 2, 8, 27:

    rem in casum ancipitis eventus,

    Liv. 4, 27, 6; cf.:

    duos filios in aleam ejus casus,

    id. 40, 21, 6:

    rem in aciem,

    id. 3, 2, 12; cf.:

    se in aciem,

    id. 7, 26, 11; 23, 11, 10;

    rempublicam in discrimen,

    id. 8, 32, 4; cf.:

    rerum summam in discrimen,

    id. 33, 7, 10. —
    (γ).
    Simply alicui, or entirely absol.:

    sanan' es, Quae isti committas?

    in trusting to him, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 55:

    ei commisi et credidi, Ter, Heaut. 5, 2, 13: haec cum scirem et cogitarem, commisi tamen, judices, Heio,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 16:

    universo populo neque ipse committit neque illi horum consiliorum auctores committi recte putant posse,

    id. Agr. 2, 8, 20:

    venti, quibus necessario committendum existimabat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 25:

    sed quoniam non es veritus concredere nobis, accipe commissae munera laetitiae,

    intrusted, Prop. 1, 10, 12:

    instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt, quod deesse nobis putant,

    often hazard the most important advantage, Quint. 6, 4, 17:

    cum senatus ei commiserit, ut videret, ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet,

    Cic. Mil. 26, 70.—With de:

    iste negat se de existimatione suā cuiquam nisi suis commissurum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 137. —Hence, P. a. as subst.: commissum, i, n.
    A.
    (Acc. to I. 3.) An undertaking, enterprise:

    nec aliud restabat quam audacter commissum corrigere,

    Liv. 44, 4, 8:

    supererat nihil aliud in temere commisso, quam, etc.,

    id. 44, 6, 14.—
    B.
    (Acc. to I. 4.) A transgression, offence, fault, crime:

    sacrum,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    nisi aut quid commissi aut est causa jurgi,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 21:

    ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed quod, etc.,

    Cic. Sull. 26, 72; cf.

    turpe,

    Hor. C. 3, 27, 39:

    commissi praemia,

    Ov. F. 4, 590.—In plur.:

    post mihi non simili poenā commissa luetis,

    offences, Verg. A. 1, 136; so,

    fateri,

    Stat. S. 5, 5, 5:

    improba,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 304.—
    2.
    Jurid. Lat., an incurring of fines, a confiscation or confiscated property, Suet. Calig. 41:

    in commissum cadere,

    Dig. 39, 4, 16:

    causa commissi,

    ib. 39, 4, 16 al.; 19, 2, 61 fin.:

    aliquid pro commisso tenetur,

    Quint. Decl. 341.—
    C.
    (Acc. to II.) That which is intrusted, a secret, trust:

    enuntiare commissa,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 13, 31:

    commissa celare,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 2; cf. Juv. 9, 93:

    commissa tacere,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 84:

    prodere,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 95:

    retinent commissa fideliter aures,

    id. Ep. 1, 18, 70:

    commissum teges (corresp. with arcanum scrutaberis),

    id. ib. 1, 18, 38; cf. id. A. P. 200.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conmitto

  • 17 refero

    rĕ-fĕro, rettŭli (also written retuli), rĕlātum (rēlātum or rellatum, Lucr. 2, 1001), rĕferre, v. a. irr., to bear, carry, bring, draw, or give back (very freq. and class.; cf.: reduco, reporto, retraho).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Ingen.: zonas, quas plenas argenti extuli, eas ex provinciā inanes rettuli, C. Gracchus ap. Gell. 15, 12 fin.:

    arma,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 25:

    vasa domum,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 25; cf.:

    pallam domum,

    id. Men. 5, 7, 59; 4, 2, 97; 98; cf.:

    anulum ad me,

    id. Cas. 2, 1, 1;

    and simply pallam, spinther,

    id. Men. 3, 3, 16; 5, 1, 5; 5, 2, 56:

    secum aurum,

    id. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

    exta,

    id. Poen. 2, 44:

    uvidum rete sine squamoso pecu,

    id. Rud. 4, 3, 5:

    aestus aliquem in portum refert,

    id. As. 1, 3, 6:

    Auster me ad tribulos tuos Rhegium rettulit,

    Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 3: ut naves eodem, unde erant profectae, reterrentur, Caes. B. G. 4, 28:

    me referunt pedes in Tusculanum,

    Cic. Att. 15, 16, B; cf.:

    aliquem lecticae impositum domum,

    Suet. Caes. 82; and:

    in Palatium,

    id. Vit. 16: intro referre pedem, to turn one ' s feet back, to return, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 50; cf.:

    incertus tuum cave ad me rettuleris pedem,

    id. Ep. 3, 4, 3:

    caelo rettulit illa pedem,

    Ov. H. 16, 88; 15, 186:

    fertque refertque pedes,

    id. F. 6, 334 (for a different use of the phrase, v. infra B. 2.):

    in decimum vestigia rettulit annum (victoria),

    Verg. A. 11, 290:

    in convivia gressum,

    Sil. 11, 355:

    in thalamos cursum,

    id. 8, 89:

    ad nomen caput ille refert,

    turns his head, looks back, Ov. M. 3, 245:

    suumque Rettulit os in se,

    drew back, concealed, id. ib. 2, 303:

    ad Tuneta rursum castra refert,

    Liv. 30, 16:

    corpus in monumentum,

    Petr. 113:

    relatis Lacedaemona (ossibus),

    Just. 3, 3, 12:

    gemmam non ad os, sed ad genas,

    Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 5: digitos ad os referre, to draw back (v. digitus), Quint. 11, 3, 103:

    digitos ad frontem saepe,

    Ov. M. 15, 567:

    manum ad capulum,

    Tac. A. 15, 58 fin.:

    rursus enses vaginae,

    Sil. 7, 508:

    pecunias monumentaque, in templum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 21:

    caput ejus in castra,

    id. B. G. 5, 58:

    vulneratos in locum tutum,

    id. B. C. 2, 41:

    cornua (urorum) in publicum,

    id. B. G. 6, 28:

    frumentum omne ad se referri jubet,

    id. ib. 7, 71:

    signa militaria, scutum, litteras ad Caesarem,

    id. ib. 7, 88; id. B. C. 3, 53; 3, 99; id. B. G. 1, 29; 5, 49:

    Caesaris capite relato,

    id. B. C. 3, 19 fin.
    b.
    Esp.: referre se, to go back, return:

    Romam se rettulit,

    Cic. Fl. 21, 50:

    sese in castra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.:

    se huc,

    id. ib. 2, 8, 2:

    domum me Ad porri catinum,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 115:

    sese ab Argis (Juno),

    Verg. A. 7, 286:

    se ab aestu,

    Ov. M. 14, 52; cf.:

    se de Britannis ovans,

    Tac. A. 13, 32:

    causam Cleanthes offert, cur se sol referat,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 14, 37.—
    c.
    Pass. in mid. sense, to return, arrive:

    sin reiciemur, tamen eodem paulo tardius referamur necesse est,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 119:

    classem relatam,

    Verg. A. 1, 390:

    nunc Itali in tergum versis referuntur habenis,

    Sil. 4, 317; 7, 623.—
    d.
    To withdraw, remove:

    fines benignitatis introrsus referre,

    to narrow, Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 5:

    Seleucia ab mari relata,

    remote, Plin. 5, 27, 22, § 93. —
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    To give back something due; to give up, return, restore, pay back, repay (= reddere):

    scyphos, quos utendos dedi Philodamo, rettuleritne?

    Plaut. As. 2, 4, 34; cf. id. Aul. 4, 10, 29; 37; 38;

    and, pateram (surreptam),

    Cic. Div. 1, 25, 54:

    argentum,

    Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 29; so (with reddere) id. Curc. 5, 3, 45:

    mercedem (with reddere),

    id. As. 2, 4, 35; cf.:

    octonis idibus aera,

    to pay the money for tuition. Hor. S. 1, 6, 75 (v. idus):

    si non Rettuleris pannum,

    id. Ep. 1, 17, 32; 1, 6, 60:

    verum, si plus dederis, referam,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 112.—
    2.
    Referre pedem or gradum, as a milit. t. t., to draw back, retire, withdraw, retreat (different from the gen. signif., to return, and the above passages):

    vulneribus defessi pedem referre coeperunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf.:

    ut paulatim cedant ac pedem referant,

    id. B. C. 2, 40; Liv. 7, 33; so,

    referre pedem,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 44 (with loco excedere); Cic. Phil. 12, 3 (opp. insistere); Liv. 3, 60 (opp. restituitur pugna);

    21, 8 al.— For the sake of euphony: referre gradum: cum pedes referret gradum,

    Liv. 1, 14. —

    And, in a like sense, once mid.: a primā acie ad triarios sensim referebatur,

    Liv. 8, 8, 11.—
    b.
    Transf., out of the milit. sphere:

    feroque viso retulit retro pedem (viator),

    Phaedr. 2, 1, 8; cf.:

    viso rettulit angue pedem,

    Ov. F. 2, 342; 6, 334:

    rettulit ille gradus horrueruntque comae,

    id. ib. 2, 502:

    (in judiciis) instare proficientibus et ab iis, quae non adjuvant, quam mollissime pedem oportet referre,

    Quint. 6, 4, 19.
    II.
    Trop., to bear or carry back, to bring, draw, or give back.
    A.
    In gen.: (Saxum) ejulatu... Resonando mutum flebiles voces refert, Att. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94 (Trag. Rel. p. 176 Rib.); cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 14, § 42:

    sonum,

    id. N. D. 2, 57, 144; id. Or. 12, 38; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 201 al.:

    voces,

    Ov. M. 12, 47; cf.:

    Coëamus rettulit Echo,

    id. ib. 3, 387: cum ex CXXV. judicibus reus L. referret, restored to the list, i. e. retained, accepted (opp. quinque et LXX. reiceret), Cic. Planc. 17:

    o mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos!

    Verg. A. 8, 560; cf.: tibi tempora, Hor. C. 4, 13, 13:

    festas luces (sae culum),

    id. ib. 4, 6, 42:

    dies siccos (sol),

    id. ib. 3, 29, 20 et saep.:

    hoc quidem jam periit: Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas,

    Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 3:

    ad amicam meras querimonias referre,

    id. Truc. 1, 2, 65:

    hic in suam domum ignominiam et calamitatem rettulit,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138; cf.:

    pro re certā spem falsam domum rettulerunt,

    id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

    rem publicam sistere negat posse, nisi ad equestrem ordinem judicia referantur,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

    servati civis decus referre,

    Tac. A. 3, 21:

    e cursu populari referre aspectum in curiam,

    to turn back, turn towards, Cic. Prov. Cons. 16, 38; cf.:

    oculos animumque ad aliquem,

    id. Quint. 14, 47:

    animum ad studia,

    id. de Or. 1, 1, 1:

    animum ad veritatem,

    id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48:

    animum ad firmitudinem,

    Tac. A. 3, 6 et saep.:

    multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi Rettulit in melius,

    brought to a better state, Verg. A. 11, 426:

    uterque se a scientiae delectatione ad efficiendi utilitatem refert,

    Cic. Rep. 5, 3, 5; so,

    se ad philosophiam referre,

    to go back, return, id. Off. 2, 1, 4:

    ut eo, unde digressa est, referat se oratio,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 77.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    (Acc. to I. B. 1.) To pay back, give back, repay (syn. reddo):

    denique Par pari referto,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 55; cf.:

    quod ab ipso adlatum est, id sibi esse relatum putet,

    id. Phorm. prol. 21:

    ut puto, non poteris ipsa referre vicem,

    pay him back in his own coin, Ov. A. A. 1, 370; Sen. Herc. Fur. 1337. — Esp. in the phrase referre gratiam (rarely gratias), to return thanks, show one ' s gratitude (by deeds), to recompense, requite (cf.:

    gratiam habeo): spero ego mihi quoque Tempus tale eventurum, ut tibi gratium referam parem,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 39:

    parem gratiam,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 51:

    et habetur et refertur, Thais, a me ita, uti merita es, gratia,

    id. ib. 4, 6, 12; cf.:

    meritam gratiam debitamque,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 4, 14:

    justam ac debitam gratiam,

    id. Balb. 26, 59:

    pro eo mihi ac mereor relaturos esse gratiam,

    id. Cat. 4, 2, 3; 1, 11, 28; id. Off. 2, 20, 69:

    fecisti ut tibi numquam referre gratiam possim,

    Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 12; id. Most. 1, 3, 57; id. Pers. 5, 2, 71; id. Ps. 1, 3, 86; id. Rud. 5, 3, 36 al.; Cic. Lael. 15, 53; Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

    alicui pro ejus meritis gratiam referre,

    id. ib. 5, 27 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 39; 3, 1, fin.:

    gratiam emeritis,

    Ov. P. 1, 7, 61:

    gratiam factis,

    id. Tr. 5, 4, 47.— Plur.:

    pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores ei habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 39; 10, 11, 1:

    dis advenientem gratias pro meritis agere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 27; v. gratia.—
    2.
    To bring back any thing; to repeat, renew, restore, = repetere, retractare, renovare, etc.:

    (Hecyram) Iterum referre,

    to produce it again, Ter. Hec. prol. 7; id. ib. prol. alt. 21 and 30; cf. Hor. A. P. 179.— So, to bring up for reconsideration:

    rem judicatam,

    Cic. Dom. 29, 78:

    ludunt... Dictaeos referunt Curetas,

    Lucr. 2, 633:

    Actia pugna per pueros refertur,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 62: institutum referri ac renovari, Civ. Div. in Caecil. 21, 68; cf.:

    consuetudo longo intervallo repetita ac relata,

    id. ib. 21, 67:

    te illud idem, quod tum explosum et ejectum est, nunc rettulisse demiror,

    Cic. Clu. 31, 86:

    cum ad idem, unde semel profecta sunt, cuncta astra redierint eandemque totius caeli descriptionem longis intervallis retulerint,

    id. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

    mysteria ad quae biduo serius veneram,

    id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:

    quasdam caerimonias ex magno intervallo,

    Liv. 3, 55:

    antiquum morem,

    Suet. Caes. 20:

    consuetudinem antiquam,

    id. Tib. 32 et saep.:

    cum aditus consul idem illud responsum rettulit,

    repeated, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

    veterem Valeriae gentis in liberandā patriā laudem,

    to restore, Cic. Fl. 1, 1:

    hunc morem, hos casus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius Rettulit,

    Verg. A. 5, 598:

    O mihi praeteritos referat si Juppiter annos,

    id. ib. 8, 560.—
    b.
    To represent, set forth anew, reproduce, etc.:

    referre Naturam, mores, victum motusque parentum,

    to reproduce, Lucr. 1, 597:

    majorum vultus vocesque comasque,

    id. 4, 1221:

    mores, os vultusque ejus (sc. patris),

    Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 9:

    parentis sui speciem,

    Liv. 10, 7; cf.:

    (Tellus) partim figuras Rettulit antiquas, partim nova monstra creavit,

    Ov. M. 1, 437:

    faciem demptā pelle novam,

    Tib. 1, 8, 46:

    temporis illius vultum,

    Ov. M. 13, 443: si quis mihi parvulus aulā Luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore [p. 1545] referret, might represent, resemble thee, Verg. A. 4, 329; cf.:

    nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem,

    id. ib. 12, 348:

    Marsigni sermone vultuque Suevos referunt,

    Tac. G. 43:

    neque amissos colores lana refert,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 28.—
    3.
    To convey a report, account, intelligence, by speech or by writing; to report, announce, relate, recite, repeat, recount; to mention, allege (class.;

    in late Lat. saepissime): certorum hominum sermones referebantur ad me,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10 Orell. N. cr.:

    tales miserrima fletus Fertque refertque soror (sc. ad Aeneam),

    Verg. A. 4, 438:

    pugnam referunt,

    Ov. M. 12, 160:

    factum dictumve,

    Liv. 6, 40:

    si quis hoc referat exemplum,

    Quint. 5, 11, 8:

    in epistulis Cicero haec Bruti refert verba,

    id. 6, 3, 20:

    quale refert Cicero de homine praelongo, caput eum, etc.,

    id. 6, 3, 67 et saep.:

    quaecunque refers,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 60; 2, 1, 130:

    sermones deorum,

    id. C. 3, 3, 71:

    multum referens de Maecenate,

    Juv. 1, 66. —With obj.-clause, Suet. Caes. 30; Ov. M. 1, 700; 4, 796:

    Celso gaudere et bene rem gerere refer,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 2 al.; cf. poet. by Greek attraction:

    quia rettulit Ajax Esse Jovis pronepos,

    Ov. M. 13, 141; and:

    referre aliquid in annales,

    Liv. 4, 34 fin., and 43, 13, 2:

    ut Proetum mulier perfida credulum Falsis impulerit criminibus, refert,

    Hor. C. 3, 7, 16.— Absol.:

    quantum, inquam, debetis? Respondent CVI. Refero ad Scaptium,

    I report, announce it to Scaptius, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 12:

    in quo primum saepe aliter est dictum, aliter ad nos relatum,

    reported, stated, id. Brut. 57, 288:

    (Hortensius) nullo referente, omnia adversariorum dicta meminisset,

    id. ib. 88, 301:

    abi, quaere, et refer,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 53. —
    b.
    Poet. (mostly in Ovid), to repeat to one ' s self, call to mind:

    tacitāque recentia mente Visa refert,

    Ov. M. 15, 27:

    si forte refers,

    id. Am. 2, 8, 17:

    haec refer,

    id. R. Am. 308:

    saepe refer tecum sceleratae facta puellae,

    id. ib. 299:

    mente memor refero,

    id. M. 15, 451:

    foeda Lycaoniae referens convivia mensae,

    id. ib. 1, 165; cf.:

    illam meminitque refertque,

    id. ib. 11, 563.—
    c.
    Pregn., to say in return, to rejoin, answer, reply (syn. respondeo):

    id me non ad meam defensionem attulisse, sed illorum defensioni rettulisse,

    Cic. Caecin. 29, 85:

    ego tibi refero,

    I reply to you, id. ib. 29, 85, §

    84: ut si esset dictum, etc., et referret aliquis Ergo, etc.,

    id. Fat. 13, 30:

    quid a nobis autem refertur,

    id. Quint. 13, 44: retices;

    nec mutua nostris Dicta refers,

    Ov. M. 1, 656; 14, 696:

    Musa refert,

    id. ib. 5, 337; id. F. 5, 278:

    Anna refert,

    Verg. A. 4, 31:

    talia voce,

    id. ib. 1, 94:

    pectore voces,

    id. ib. 5, 409:

    tandem pauca refert,

    id. ib. 4, 333 et saep. —
    d.
    Publicists' t. t.
    (α).
    To bring, convey, deliver any thing as an official report, to report, announce, notify, = renuntiare:

    legati haec se ad suos relaturos dixerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 9; cf.:

    cujus orationem legati domum referunt,

    id. B. C. 1, 35: responsa (legati), Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 380, 31:

    legationem Romam,

    Liv. 7, 32:

    mandata ad aliquem,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

    responsa,

    id. B. G. 1, 35; cf.:

    mandata alicui,

    id. ib. 1, 37:

    numerum capitum ad aliquem,

    id. ib. 2, 33 fin.:

    rumores excipere et ad aliquem referre,

    Cic. Deiot. 9, 25; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

    Ubii paucis diebus intermissis referunt, Suevos omnes, etc.,

    id. ib. 6, 10; Liv. 3, 38, 12.—
    (β).
    Ad senatum de aliquā re referre (less freq with acc., a rel.-clause, or absol.), to make a motion or proposition in the Senate; to consult, refer to, or lay before the Senate; to move, bring forward, propose: VTI L. PAVLVS C. MARCELLVS COSS... DE CONSVLARIBVS PROVINCIIS AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID PRIVS... AD SENATVM REFERRENT, NEVE QVID CONIVNCTVM DE EA RE REFERRETVR A CONSVLIBVS, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 5 sq.: de legibus abrogandis ad senatum referre. Cic. Cornel. 1, Fragm. 8 (p. 448 Orell.); cf.:

    de quo legando consules spero ad senatum relaturos,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    de ejus honore ad senatum referre,

    id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

    de eā re postulant uti referatur. Itaque consulente Cicerone frequens senatus decernit, etc.,

    Sall. C. 48, 5, 6:

    rem ad senatum refert,

    id. ib. 29, 1; cf.:

    tunc relata ex integro res ad senatum,

    Liv. 21, 5:

    rem ad senatum,

    id. 2, 22:

    consul convocato senatu refert, quid de his fieri placeat, qui, etc.,

    Sall. C. 50, 3: ut ex litteris ad senatum referretur, impetrari (a consulibus) non potuit. Referunt consules de re publicā, Caes. B. C. 1, 1; cf.:

    refer, inquis, ad senatum. Non referam,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20.—

    Of other bodies than the Senate (cf.: defero, fero): C. Cassium censorem de signo Concordiae dedicando ad pontificum collegium rettulisse,

    Cic. Dom. 53, 136: eam rem ad consilium cum rettulisset Fabius. Liv. 24, 45, 2; 30, 4, 9:

    est quod referam ad consilium,

    id. 30, 31, 9; 44, 2, 5; Curt. 4, 11, 10.— Per syllepsin: DE EA RE AD SENATVM POPVLVMQVE REFERRI, since referre ad populum was not used in this sense (for ferre ad populum); v. fero, and the foll. g:

    de hoc (sc. Eumene) Antigonus ad consilium rettulit,

    Nep. Eum. 12, 1.— Transf., to make a reference, to refer (class.): de rebus et obscuris et incertis ad Apollinem censeo referendum;

    ad quem etiam Athenienses publice de majoribus rebus semper rettulerunt,

    Cic. Div. 1, 54, 122; cf. Nep. Lys. 3; Cic. Quint. 16, 53.— Different from this is, *
    (γ).
    Referre ad populum (for denuo ferre), to propose or refer any thing anew to the people (cf. supra, II. B. 2.;

    v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1006): factum est illorum aequitate et sapientiā consulum, ut id, quod senatus decreverat, id postea referendum ad populum non arbitrarentur,

    Cic. Clu. 49, 137; cf. Att. ap. Non. p. 512, 29; Liv. 22, 20; Val. Max. 8, 10, 1.—
    e.
    A mercantile and publicists' t. t., to note down, enter any thing in writing; to inscribe, register, record, etc.:

    cum scirem, ita indicium in tabulas publicas relatum,

    Cic. Sull. 15, 42:

    in tabulas quodcumque commodum est,

    id. Fl. 9, 20:

    nomen in tabulas, in codicem,

    id. Rosc. Com. 1, 4:

    quod reliquum in commentarium,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 7:

    quid in libellum,

    id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:

    tuas epistulas in volumina,

    i. e. to admit, id. Fam. 16, 17 init.; cf.:

    orationem in Origines,

    id. Brut. 23, 89 al.:

    in reos, in proscriptos referri,

    to be set down among, id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

    absentem in reos,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 42, § 109; cf.:

    aliquem inter proscriptos,

    Suet. Aug. 70:

    anulos quoque depositos a nobilitate, in annales relatum est,

    Plin. 33, 1, 6, § 18:

    senatūs consulta falsa (sc. in aerarium),

    enter, register, Cic. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Phil. 5, 4, 12. —Entirely absol.:

    ut nec triumviri accipiundo nec scribae referundo sufficerent,

    Liv. 26, 36 fin. —Here, too, belongs referre rationes or aliquid (in rationibus, ad aerarium, ad aliquem, alicui), to give, present, or render an account:

    rationes totidem verbis referre ad aerarium,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 2;

    and rationes referre alone: in rationibus referendis... rationum referendarum jus, etc.,

    id. ib. 5, 20, 1; id. Pis. 25, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77; 2, 3, 71, § 167:

    referre rationes publicas ad Caesarem cum fide,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 20 fin.:

    si hanc ex fenore pecuniam populo non rettuleris, reddas societati,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167:

    (pecuniam) in aerarium,

    Liv. 37, 57, 12; cf.: pecuniam operi publico, to charge to, i. e. to set down as applied to, Cic. Fl. 19, 44.— So, too, acceptum and in acceptum referre, to place to one ' s credit, in a lit. and trop. sense (v. accipio).— Hence, transf.: aliquem (aliquid) in numero (as above, in rationibus), in numerum, etc., to count or reckon a person or thing among:

    Democritus, qui imagines eorumque circuitus in deorum numero refert,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 12, 29:

    (Caesar, Claudius) in deorum numerum relatus est,

    Suet. Caes. 88; id. Claud. 45:

    Ponticus Heraclides terram et caelum refert in deos,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 13, 34:

    nostri oratorii libri in Eundem librorum numerum referendi videntur,

    id. Div. 2, 1, 4: hoc nomen in codicem relatum, id. Rosc. Com. B. and K. (al. in codice).—With inter (postAug. and freq.):

    ut inter deos referretur (August.),

    Suet. Aug. 97:

    diem inter festos, nefastos,

    Tac. A. 13, 41 fin.:

    hi tamen inter Germanos referuntur,

    id. G. 46; Suet. Claud. 11; id. Tib. 53:

    dumque refert inter meritorum maxima, demptos Aesonis esse situs,

    Ov. M. 7, 302:

    intellectum est, quod inter divos quoque referretur,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 14:

    inter sidera referre,

    Hyg. Fab. 192:

    inter praecipua crudelitatis indicia referendus,

    Val. Max. 9, 2, ext. 5:

    inter insulas,

    Plin. 5, 9, 9, § 48:

    dicebat quasdam esse quaestiones, quae deberent inter res judicatas referri,

    Sen. Contr. 2, 11, 12:

    eodem Q. Caepionem referrem,

    I should place in the same category, Cic. Brut. 62, 223.—
    4.
    Referre aliquid ad aliquid, to trace back, ascribe, refer a thing to any thing:

    qui pecudum ritu ad voluptatem omnia referunt,

    Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

    omnia ad igneam vim,

    id. N. D. 3, 14, 35:

    omnia ad incolumitatem et ad libertatem suam,

    id. Rep. 1, 32, 49; 1, 26, 41:

    in historiā quaeque ad veritatem, in poëmate pleraque ad delectationem,

    id. Leg. 1, 1, 5; id. Off. 1, 16, 52 et saep. al.:

    hunc ipsum finem definiebas id esse, quo omnia, quae recte fierent, referrentur, neque id ipsum usquam referretur,

    id. Fin. 2, 2, 5; cf.

    nusquam,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 29:

    ad commonendum oratorem, quo quidque referat,

    id. de Or. 1, 32, 145:

    hinc omne principium, huc refer exitum,

    Hor. C. 3, 6, 6.— With dat.:

    cujus adversa pravitati ipsius, prospera ad fortunam referebat,

    Tac. A. 14, 38 fin. — In Tac. once with in:

    quidquid ubique magnificum est, in claritatem ejus (sc. Herculis) referre consensimus,

    Tac. G. 34.—Rarely of persons;

    as: tuum est Caesar, quid nunc mihi animi sit, ad te ipsum referre,

    Cic. Deiot. 2, 7.— Absol.: ita inserere oportet referentem ad fructum, meliore genere ut sit surculus, etc., one who looks to or cares for the fruit, Varr. R. R. 1, 40, 6.—
    5.
    Culpam in aliquem referre, to throw the blame upon, accuse, hold responsible for, etc. (post-Aug.):

    hic, quod in adversis rebis solet fieri, alius in alium culpam referebant,

    Curt. 4, 3, 7; Aug. contr. Man. 2, 17, 25 Hier. Epp. 1, 9 fin.: cf.:

    augere ejus, in quem referet crimen, culpam,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 28, 83:

    causa ad matrem referebatur,

    Tac. A. 6, 49:

    causam abscessus ad Sejani artes,

    id. ib. 4, 57.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > refero

  • 18 statuo

    stătŭo, ui, utum, 3, v. a. [statum, sup. of sto], to cause to stand (cf.: colloco, pono).
    I.
    Corporeally.
    A.
    To cause to stand, set up, set, station, fix in an upright position.
    1.
    To set up, set in the ground, erect:

    ibi arbores pedicino in lapide statuito,

    Cato, R. R. 18:

    inter parietes arbores ubi statues,

    id. ib.:

    stipites statuito,

    id. ib.:

    palis statutis crebris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 14 init.:

    pedamenta jacentia statuenda,

    are to be raised, Col. 4, 26:

    pedamentum inter duas vitis,

    Plin. 17, 22, 21, § 194:

    hic statui volo primum aquilam,

    the standard of the troops, Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 7:

    signifer, statue signum,

    plant the ensign, Liv. 5, 55, 1; Val. Max. 1, 5, 1.—
    2.
    To plant (rare):

    eodem modo vineam statuito, alligato, flexatoque uti fuerit,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 198:

    agro qui statuit meo Te, triste lignum (i. e. arborem),

    Hor. C. 2, 13, 10.—
    3.
    In gen., to place, set or fix, set up, set forth things or persons.
    a.
    Without specifying the place:

    ollam statuito cum aqua,

    let a jar stand with water, Cato, R. R. 156 (157):

    crateras magnos statuunt, i. e. on the table,

    Verg. A. 1, 724; so,

    crateras laeti statuunt,

    id. ib. 7, 147: haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est, well placed, i. e. so that the hull stands perpendicularly (cf.:

    bene lineatam carinam collocavit, v. 42),

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44:

    nec quidquam explicare, nec statuere potuerant, nec quod statutum esset, manebat, omnia perscindente vento,

    Liv. 21, 58, 7:

    eo die tabernacula statui passus non est,

    to pitch, Caes. B. C. 1, 81; so, aciem statuere, to draw up an army:

    aciem quam arte statuerat, latius porrigit,

    Sall. J. 52, 6.—
    b.
    With designation of the place by in and abl.; by adv. of place; by ante, apud, ad, circa, super, and acc.; by pro and abl.; by abl. alone (very rare), or by in and acc. (very rare): signa domi pro supellectile statuere, Cato ap. Prisc. 7, 19, 95 (p. 782 P.):

    statuite hic lectulos,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 7:

    etiamsi in caelo Capitolium statueretur,

    Cic. Or. 3, 46, 180:

    statuitur Sollius in illo gladiatorum convivio... atuitur, ut dico, eques Romanus in Apronii convivio,

    is taken to the banquet, id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 sq.:

    tabernacula in foro statuere,

    Liv. 39, 46, 3:

    in principiis statuit tabernaculum,

    Nep. Eum. 7, 1:

    in nostris castris tibi tabernaculum statue,

    Curt. 5, 11, 6; 8, 13, 20:

    statui in medium undique conspicuum tabernaculum jussit,

    id. 9, 6, 1:

    (sagittae) longae, nisi prius in terra statuerent arcum, haud satis apte imponuntur,

    id. 8, 14, 19:

    sedes curules sacerdotum Augustalium locis, superque eas querceae coronae statuerentur,

    Tac. A. 2, 83:

    donum deae apud Antium statuitur,

    id. ib. 3, 71:

    pro rigidis calamos columnis,

    Ov. F. 3, 529:

    jamque ratem Scythicis auster statuisset in oris,

    Val. Fl. 3, 653:

    statuere vas in loco frigido,

    Pall. Oct. 22.—Of living beings:

    capite in terram statuerem, Ut cerebro dispergat viam,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 18:

    qui capite ipse sua in statuit vestigia sese (= qui sese ipse capite in sua vestigia statuit),

    i. e. stands on his head, Lucr. 4, 472:

    patrem ejus a mortuis excitasses, statuisses ante oculos,

    Cic. Or. 1, 57, 245:

    captivos vinctos in medio statuit,

    Liv. 21, 42, 1:

    ubi primum equus Curtium in vado statuit,

    id. 1, 13, 5:

    quattuor cohortes in fronte statuit,

    id. 28, 33, 12:

    ante se statuit funditores,

    id. 42, 58, 10:

    puerum ad canendum ante tibicinem cum statuisset,

    id. 7, 2, 9:

    procul in conspectu eum (Philopoemenem) statuerunt,

    id. 39, 49, 11:

    media porta robora legionum, duabus circa portis milites levemque armaturam statuit,

    id. 23, 16, 8:

    bovem ad fanum Dianae et ante aram statuit,

    id. 1, 45, 6:

    cum Calchanta circa aram statuisset,

    Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 6:

    marium si qui eo loci statuisset,

    id. 3, 1, 2 fin.:

    adulescentes ante Caesarem statuunt,

    Tac. A. 4, 8:

    in fronte statuerat ferratos, in cornibus cohortes,

    id. ib. 3, 45:

    puer quis Ad cyathum statuetur?

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8:

    tu cum pro vitula statuis dulcem Aulide natam Ante aras,

    id. S. 2, 3, 199:

    et statuam ante aras aurata fronte juvencum,

    Verg. A. 9, 627:

    clara regione profundi Aetheros innumeri statuerunt agmina cygni,

    Stat. Th. 3, 525.—
    4. a.
    Of statues, temples, columns, altars, trophies, etc.; constr. with acc. alone, or acc. of the structure and dat. of the person for whom or in whose honor it is erected:

    siquidem mihi aram et statuam statuis,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 122:

    huic statuam statui decet ex auro,

    id. Bacch. 4, 4, 1:

    ne ego aurea pro statua vineam tibi statuam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 52:

    eique statuam equestrem in rostris statui placere,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 15, 41; so id. ib. 9, 5, 10; 9, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 62, § 151; 2, 2, 20, § 48; so,

    simulacrum alicui statuere,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:

    effigiem,

    Verg. A. 2, 184:

    Mancinus eo habitu sibi statuit quo, etc. (effigiem),

    Plin. 34, 5, 10, § 18:

    simulacrum in curia,

    Tac. A. 14, 12:

    quanam in civitate tempium statueretur,

    id. ib. 4, 55:

    se primos templum urbis Romae statuisse,

    id. ib. 4, 56; so id. ib. 4, 15:

    nec tibi de Pario statuam, Germanice, templum,

    Ov. P. 4, 8, 31:

    templa tibi statuam, tribuam tibi turis honorem,

    id. M. 14, 128:

    super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui nisi columellam,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

    victimas atque aras diis Manibus statuentes,

    Tac. A. 3, 2:

    statuitque aras e cespite,

    Ov. M. 7, 240:

    statuantur arae,

    Sen. Med. 579:

    aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69:

    monumentum,

    id. ib. § 70; so,

    in alio orbe tropaea statuere,

    Curt. 7, 7, 14;

    so,

    Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 18: ut illum di perdant qui primus statuit hic solarium, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Gell. 3, 3, 5:

    princeps Romanis solarium horologium statuisse L. Papirius Cursor proditur,

    Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 213:

    a miliario in capite Romani fori statuto,

    id. 3, 5, 9, § 66:

    carceres eo anno in Circo primum statuti,

    Liv. 8, 20, 1:

    quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere?

    Verg. A. 2, 150:

    multo altiorem statui crucem jussit,

    Suet. Galb. 9:

    obeliscam,

    Plin. 36, 9, 14, § 71:

    at nunc disturba quas statuisti machinas,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 137:

    incensis operibus quae statuerat,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 4:

    si vallum statuitur procul urbis illecebris,

    Tac. A. 4, 2:

    castra in quinto lapide a Carthagine statuit,

    Just. 22, 6, 9.—
    b.
    Poet. and in post-class. prose (rare):

    aliquem statuere = alicui statuam statuere: inter et Aegidas media statuaris in urbe,

    Ov. H. 2, 67:

    statuarque tumulo hilaris et coronatus,

    my statue will be erected, Tac. Dial. 13; so with two acc.: custodem medio statuit quam vilicus horto, whose statue he placed as protectress, etc., Mart. 3, 68, 9; cf.

    in double sense: nudam te statuet, i. e. nudam faciet (= nudabit fortunis), and statuam tibi nu dam faciet,

    Mart. 4, 28, 8.—
    5.
    Of cities, etc., to establish, found, build (in class. prose usu. condo):

    Agamemnon tres ibi urbes statuit,

    Vell. 1, 1, 2:

    urbem quam statuo vestra est,

    Verg. A. 1, 573:

    urbom praeclaram,

    id. ib. 4, 655:

    Persarum statuit Babylona Semiramis urbem,

    Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 21:

    ibi civitatem statuerunt,

    Just. 23, 1; so,

    licentia et impunitas asyla statuendi (= aperiendi),

    Tac. A. 3, 60.—Hence, transf.: carmen statuere = carmen condere, to compose, devise a song:

    nunc volucrum... inexpertum carmen, quod tacita statuere bruma,

    Stat. S. 4, 5, 12.—
    B.
    To cause to stand still, to stop (rare; cf.

    sisto, III. B.): navem extemplo statuimus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 57:

    et statuit fessos, fessus et ipse, boves,

    Prop. 4 (5), 9, 4:

    famuli hoc modo statuerunt aquas,

    Arn. 1, p. 30: sanguinem, Oct. Hor. 4.—
    C.
    To cause to stand firm, strengthen, support (rare; = stabilire), only transf.: qui rem publicam certo animo adjuverit, statuerit, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 56, 120 (Trag. Rel. v. 357 Rib.).
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To establish, constitute (= constituo).
    1.
    Esp.: exemplum or documentum (v. edo fin., and cf. Sen. Phoen. 320), to set forth an example or precedent for warning or imitation:

    statuite exemplum impudenti, date pudori praemium,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 6:

    exemplum statuite in me ut adulescentuli Vobis placere studeant potius quam sibi,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 51; Auct. Her. 4, 35, 47:

    ut illi intellegere possint, in quo homine statueris exemplum hujus modi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 45, § 111:

    in quos aliquid exempli populus Romanus statui putat oportere,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 90, §

    210: statuam in te exemplum, ne quis posthac infelicibus miseriis patriae illudat,

    Just. 8, 7, 14:

    documentum autem statui oportere, si quis resipiscat et antiquam societatem respiciat,

    Liv. 24, 45, 5: statueretur immo [p. 1753] documentum, quo uxorem imperator acciperet, a precedent, Tac. A. 12, 6.—
    2.
    Jus statuere, to establish a principle or relation of law:

    ut (majores nostri) omnia omnium rerum jura statuerint,

    Cic. Caecin. 12, 34: qui magistratum potestatemve habebit, si quid in aliquem novi juris statuerit, ipse quoque, adversario postulante, eodem jure uti debebit, if he has established any new principle of law, Edict. Praet. in Dig. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

    si quid injungere inferiori velis, id prius in te ac tuos si ipse juris statueris, facilius omnes oboedientes habeas,

    if you first admit it against yourself, Liv. 26, 36, 3:

    si dicemus in omnibus aequabile jus statui convenire,

    equal principles of law should be applied to all, Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4. —
    3.
    In gen., to establish by authority (of relations, institutions, rights, duties, etc.):

    (Numa) omnis partis religionis statuit sanctissime,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

    hoc judicium sic exspectatur ut non unae rei statui, sed omnibus constitui putetur,

    id. Tull. 15, 36:

    ad formandos animos statuendasque vitae leges, Quint. prooem. 14: sic hujus (virtutis) ut caelestium statuta magnitudo est,

    Sen. Ep. 79, 10:

    vectigal etiam novum ex salaria annona statuerunt,

    Liv. 29, 37, 2:

    novos statuere fines,

    id. 42, 24, 8:

    neque eos quos statuit terminos observat,

    id. 21, 44, 5:

    quibus rebus cum pax statuta esset,

    Just. 5, 10, 8; so id. 25, 1, 1:

    sedesque ibi statuentibus,

    id. 18, 5, 11.—
    4.
    With double acc., to constitute, appoint, create:

    Hirtius arbitrum me statuebat non modo hujus rei, sed totius consulatus sui,

    Cic. Att. 14, 1, a, 2:

    telluris erum natura nec illum, nec quemquam constituit,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 130:

    de principatu (vinorum) se quisque judicem statuet,

    Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 59:

    praefectus his statuitur Andragoras,

    Just. 21, 4, 5.—
    B.
    To determine, fix, etc. (of temporal or local relations); constr. usually with acc. and dat. or acc. and gen.
    1.
    Modum statuere alicui or alicujus rei, to determine the manner, mode, or measure of, assign limits, restrictions or restraints to a thing or person, to impose restraints upon.
    (α).
    With dat.:

    diuturnitati imperii modum statuendum putavistis,

    that a limit should be assigned to the duration of his power, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 26:

    statui mihi tum modum et orationi meae,

    imposed restraints upon myself and my words, id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163:

    non statuendo felicitati modum, nec cohibendo fortunam,

    by not assigning any limits to his success, Liv. 30, 30, 23 (Pompeium) affirmabant, libertati publicae statuturum modum, Vell. 2, 40:

    cupidinibus statuat natura modum,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 111:

    quem modum sibi ipsa statuit (crudelitas)?

    Val. Max. 9, 2 pr.:

    modum ipsae res statuunt (i. e. sibi),

    Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 216:

    modum nuptiarum sumptibus statuerunt,

    Just. 21, 4, 5:

    timori quem meo statuam modum?

    Sen. Thyest. 483;

    and with finem: jam statui aerumnis modum et finem cladi,

    id. Herc. Fur. 206. —
    (β).
    With gen.:

    honestius te inimicitiarum modum statuere potuisse quam me humanitatis,

    Cic. Sull. 17, 48:

    ipse modum statuam carminis,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 44:

    errorisque sui sic statuisse modum,

    Prop. 3, 12 (4, 11), 36:

    modum statuunt fellis pondere denarii,

    they limit the quantity of the gall to the weight of a denarius, Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 254.—
    2.
    Condicionem or legem alicui, to impose a condition or law upon one, to dictate, assign a condition to:

    hanc tu condicionem statuis Gaditanis,

    Cic. Balb. 10, 25:

    providete ne duriorem vobis condicionem statuatis ordinique vestro quam ferre possit,

    id. Rab. Post. 6, 15:

    alter eam sibi legem statuerat ut, etc.,

    id. Phil. 10, 6, 12: pretio statuta lege ne modum excederet, etc., the law being assigned to the price that not, etc., i. e. the price being limited by the law, etc., Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 118:

    pacis legem universae Graeciae statuit,

    Just. 9, 5, 2.—So with ellipsis of dat., to agree upon, stipulate:

    statutis condicionibus,

    Just. 6, 1, 3:

    omnibus consentientibus Carthago conditur, statuto annuo vectigali pro solo urbis,

    id. 18, 5, 14. —
    3.
    Finem, to assign or put an end to, make an end of:

    haud opinor commode Finem statuisse orationi militem,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 21:

    et finem statuit cuppedinis atque timoris,

    Lucr. 6, 25:

    cum Fulvius Flaccus finem poenae eorum statuere cogeretur,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, ext. 1: majores vestri omnium magnarum rerum et principia exorsi ab diis sunt, et finem statuerunt, finished, Liv. 45, 39, 10; so,

    terminum: nam templis numquam statuetur terminus aevi,

    Stat. S. 3, 1, 180:

    cum consilii tui bene fortiterque suscepti eum tibi finem statueris, quem ipsa fortuna terminum nostrarum contentionum esse voluisset,

    since you have assigned that end, Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 2.—
    4.
    Pretium alicui rei, to assign a price to something; fix, determine the price of something:

    quae probast mers, pretium ei statuit,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 132:

    numquam avare pretium statui arti meae,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 48:

    statuit frumento pretium,

    Tac. A. 2, 87; so with dat. understood:

    ut eos (obsides) pretio quantum ipsi statuissent patres redimi paterentur,

    Liv. 45, 42, 7:

    pretium statuit (i. e. vecturae et sali),

    id. 45, 29, 13; so with in and acc.: ut in singulas amphoras (vini) centeni nummi statuantur, that the price may be set down at 100 sesterces for an amphora, Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 56.—
    5.
    Statuere diem, horam, tempus, locum alicui rei, or alicui, or with dat. gerund., to assign or appoint a day, time, place, etc. (for the more usual diem dicere):

    statutus est comitiis dies,

    Liv. 24, 27, 1:

    diem patrando facinori statuerat,

    id. 35, 35, 15:

    multitudini diem statuit ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

    Sall. C. 36, 2:

    dies insidiis statuitur,

    id. J. 70, 3:

    ad tempus locumque colloquio statuendum,

    Liv. 28, 35, 4:

    subverti leges quae sua spatia (= tempora) quaerendis aut potiundis honoribus statuerint,

    Tac. A. 2, 36.—With ellipsis of dat.:

    observans quem statuere diem,

    Mart. 4, 54, 6:

    noctem unam poscit: statuitur nox,

    Tac. A. 13, 44.—Esp. in the part. statutus, fixed, appointed (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with status; v. sisto fin.):

    institum ut quotannis... libri diebus statutis (statis) recitarentur,

    Suet. Claud. 42:

    ut die statuta omnes equos ante regiam producerent,

    Just. 1, 10, 1:

    quaedam (genera) statutum tempus anni habent,

    Plin. 17, 18, 30, § 135:

    fruges quoque maturitatem statuto tempore expectant,

    Curt. 6, 3, 7:

    sacrificium non esse redditum statuto tempore,

    id. 8, 2, 6:

    statuto tempore quo urbem Mithridati traderet,

    Just. 16, 4, 9:

    cum ad statutam horam omnes convenissent,

    id. 1, 10, 8:

    intra tempus statutum,

    fixed by the law, Dig. 4, 4, 19 and 20.—
    6.
    To recount, count up, state (very rare): statue sex et quinquaginta annos, quibus mox divus Augustus rempublicam rexit: adice Tiberii tres et viginti... centum et viginti anni colliguntur, count, fix the number at, Tac. Or. 17:

    Cinyphiae segetis citius numerabis aristas... quam tibi nostrorum statuatur summa laborum,

    Ov. P. 2, 7, 29.—
    C.
    To decide, determine, with reference to a result, to settle, fix, bring about, choose, make a decision.
    1.
    Of disputes, differences, questions, etc., between others.
    (α).
    With interrog.-clause:

    ut statuatis hoc judicio utrum posthac amicitias clarorum virorum calamitati hominibus an ornamento esse malitis,

    Cic. Balb. 28, 65:

    eam potestatem habetis ut statuatis utrum nos... semper miseri lugeamus, an, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 4:

    in hoc homine statuatis, possitne senatoribus judicantibus homo nocentissim us pecuniosissimusque damnari,

    id. Verr. 1, 16, 47:

    vos statuite, recuperatores, utra (sententia) utilior esse videatur,

    id. Caecin. 27, 77:

    decidis tu statuisque quid iis ad denarium solveretur,

    id. Quint. 4, 17:

    magni esse judicis statuere quid quemque cuique praestare oporteret,

    id. Off. 3, 17, 70:

    mihi vero Pompeius statuisse videtur quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret,

    id. Mil. 6, 15:

    semel (senatus) statuerent quid donatum Masinissae vellent,

    Liv. 42, 23:

    nec quid faciendum modo sit statuunt, sed, etc.,

    decide, dictate, id. 44, 22:

    nondum statuerat conservaret eum necne,

    Nep. Eum. 11, 2:

    statutumque (est) quantum curules, quantum plebei pignoris caperent,

    Tac. A. 13, 28: semel nobis esse statuendum quod consilium in illo sequamur, August. ap. Suet. Claud. 4. —
    (β).
    With de:

    ut consules de Caesaris actis cognoscerent, statuerent, judicarent,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, B, 8:

    et collegas suos de religione statuisse, in senatu de lege statuturos,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

    ut de absente eo C. Licinius statueret ac judicaret,

    Liv. 42, 22:

    si de summa rerum liberum senatui permittat rex statuendi jus,

    id. 42, 62: qui ab exercitu ab imperatore eove cui de ea re statuendi potestas fuerit, dimissus erit, Edict. Praet. in Dig. 3, 2, 1.—Often with reference to punishment:

    cum de P. Lentulo ceterisque statuetis, pro certo habetote, vos simul de exercitu Catilinae decernere,

    Sall. C. 52, 17:

    satis visum de Vestilia statuere,

    to pass sentence against, Tac. A. 2, 85:

    jus statuendi de procuratoribus,

    id. ib. 12, 54:

    facta patribus potestate statuendi de Caeciliano,

    id. ib. 6, 7; so id. ib. 13, 28; cf. id. ib. 15, 14; 2, 85; Suet. Tib. 61 fin. —In partic.: de se statuere, to decide on, or dispose of one's self, i. e. of one's life, = to commit suicide:

    eorum qui de se statuebant humabantur corpora,

    Tac. A. 6, 29.—
    (γ).
    With de and abl. and interrog.-clause:

    si quibusdam populis permittendum esse videatur ut statuant ipsi de suis rebus quo jure uti velint,

    Cic. Balb. 8, 22.—
    (δ).
    With contra:

    consequeris tamen ut eos ipsos quos contra statuas aequos placatosque dimittas,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34. —
    (ε).
    With indef. obj., usu. a neutr. pron.:

    utrum igitur hoc Graeci statuent... an nostri praetores?

    Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    dixisti quippiam: fixum (i. e. id) et statutum est,

    id. Mur. 30, 62:

    eoque utrique quod statuit contenti sunt,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 87:

    senatus, ne quid absente rege statueret,

    Liv. 39, 24, 13:

    maturato opus est, quidquid statuere placet (senatui),

    id. 8, 13, 17:

    id ubi in P. Licinio ita statutum est,

    id. 41, 15, 10:

    interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

    Curt. 8, 14, 43:

    quid in futurum statuerim, aperiam,

    Tac. A. 4, 37:

    utque rata essent quae procuratores sui in judicando statuerent,

    Suet. Claud. 12;

    qul statuit aliquid parte inaudita altera, aequum licet statuerit, haud aequus fuit,

    Sen. Med. 2, 199:

    non ergo quod libet statuere arbiter potest,

    Dig. 4, 8, 32, § 15; cf.:

    earum rerum quas Caesar statuisset, decrevisset, egisset,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 11.—
    (ζ).
    With de or super and abl.:

    vos de crudelissimis parricidis quid statuatis cunctamini?

    Sall. C. 52, 31:

    nihil super ea re nisi ex voluntate filii statuere,

    Suet. Tib. 13:

    ne quid super tanta re absente principe statueretur,

    Tac. H. 4, 9.—
    (η).
    Absol., mostly pass. impers.:

    ita expediri posse consilium ut pro merito cujusque statueretur,

    Liv. 8, 14, 1:

    tunc ut quaeque causa erit statuetis,

    id. 3, 53, 10:

    non ex rumore statuendum,

    decisions should not be founded on rumors, Tac. A. 3, 69.—
    (θ).
    With cognoscere, to examine ( officially) and decide:

    petit ut vel ipse de eo causa cognita statuat, vel civitatem statuere jubeat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19:

    consuli ut cognosceret statueretque senatus permiserat,

    Liv. 39, 3, 2:

    missuros qui de eorum controversiis cognoscerent statuerentque,

    id. 40, 20, 1; 45, 13, 11:

    quod causa cognita erit statuendum,

    Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 8.—
    2.
    With reference to the mind of the subject, to decide, to make up one's mind, conclude, determine, be convinced, usu. with interrog.clause:

    numquam intellegis, statuendum tibi esse, utrum illi homicidae sint an vindices libertatis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30:

    illud mirum videri solet, tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum judicem an arbitrum, rem an litem dici oporteret,

    id. Mur. 12, 27:

    neque tamen possum statuere, utrum magis mirer, etc.,

    id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

    ipsi statuerent, quo tempore possent suo jure arma capere,

    id. Tull. 5, 12:

    ut statuerem quid esset faciendum,

    id. Att. 7, 26, 3:

    statuere enim qui sit sapiens, vel maxime videtur esse sapientis,

    id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

    si habes jam statutum quid tibi agendum putes,

    id. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

    tu quantum tribuendum nobis putes statuas ipse, et, ut spero, statues ex nostra dignitate,

    id. ib. 5, 8, 4:

    vix statui posse utrum quae pro se, an quae contra fratrem petiturus esset ab senatu magis impetrabilia forent,

    Liv. 45, 19, 6:

    quam satis statuerat, utram foveret partem,

    id. 42, 29, 11:

    posse ipsam Liviam statuere, nubendum post Drusum, an, etc.,

    Tac. A. 4, 40:

    statue quem poenae extrahas,

    Sen. Troad. 661.—So with apud animum, to make up one's mind:

    vix statuere apud animum meum possum atrum pejor ipsa res an pejore exemplo agatur,

    Liv. 34, 2, 4:

    proinde ipsi primum statuerent apud animos quid vellent,

    id. 6, 39, 11.—Rarely with neutr, pron. as object:

    quidquid nos de communi sententia statuerimus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2:

    sic statue, quidquid statuis, ut causam famamque tuam in arto stare scias,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 1306.—
    D.
    To decree, order, prescribe.
    1.
    With ut or ne: statuunt ut decem milia hominum in oppidum submittantur, [p. 1754] Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

    eos (Siculos) statuisse ut hoc quod dico postularet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 103:

    statuunt illi atque decernunt ut eae litterae... removerentur,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 71, §

    173: statuit iste ut arator... vadimonium promitteret,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38: orare patres ut statuerent ne absentium nomina reciperentur,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 42, §

    103: statuitur ne post M. Brutum proconsulem sit Creta provincia,

    id. Phil. 2, 38, 97:

    (Tiberius) auxit patrum honorem statuendo ut qui ad senatum provocavissent, etc.,

    Tac. A. 14, 28:

    statuiturque (a senatu) ut... in servitute haberentur,

    id. ib. 12, 53.—So of a decree, determination, or agreement by several persons or parties to be carried out by each of them:

    statutum esse (inter plebem et Poenos) ut... impedimenta diriperent,

    Liv. 23, 16, 6:

    Athenienses cum statuerent, ut urbe relicta naves conscenderent,

    Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48:

    statuunt ut fallere custodes tentent,

    Ov. M. 4, 84.—
    2.
    With acc. (post-Aug.):

    remedium statuere,

    to prescribe a remedy against public abuses, Tac. A. 3, 28; 6, 4:

    Caesar ducentesimam (vectigalis) in posterum statuit,

    decreed that one half of one per cent. be the tax, id. ib. 2, 42.—So with sic (= hoc):

    sic, di, statuistis,

    Ov. M. 4, 661.—
    3.
    With dat. and acc. (not ante-Aug.):

    eis (Vestalibus) stipendium de publico statuit,

    decreed, allowed a salary, Liv. 1, 20, 3:

    Aurelio quoque annuam pecuniam statuit princeps,

    decreed, granted, Tac. A. 13, 34:

    biduum criminibus obiciendis statuitur,

    are allowed, id. ib. 3, 13:

    itaque et alimenta pueris statuta... et patribus praemia statuta,

    Just. 12, 4, 8:

    ceu Aeolus insanis statuat certamina ventis,

    Stat. Th. 6, 300:

    non hoc statui sub tempore rebus occasum Aeoniis,

    id. ib. 7, 219:

    statuere alicui munera,

    Val. Fl. 2, 566.—
    4.
    With dat. and interrog.-clause:

    cur his quoque statuisti quantum ex hoc genere frumenti darent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53:

    ordo iis quo quisque die supplicarent, statutus,

    Liv. 7, 28, 8.—
    5.
    In partic., of punishment, etc., to decree, measure out, inflict.
    (α).
    With poenam, etc., with or without in and acc. pers. (mostly post-Aug.):

    considerando... in utra (lege) major poena statuatur,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

    poenam statui par fuisse,

    Tac. A. 14, 49:

    qui non judicium, sed poenam statui videbant,

    id. ib. 11, 6:

    eadem poena in Catum Firmium statuitur,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    senatu universo in socios facinoris ultimam statuente poenam,

    Suet. Caes. 14;

    so with mercedem (= poenam): debuisse gravissimam temeritatis mercedem statui,

    Liv. 39, 55, 3; cf.

    also: Thrasea, non quidquid nocens reus pati mereretur, id egregio sub principe statuendum disseruit,

    Tac. A. 14, 48.— Absol.:

    non debere eripi patribus vim statuendi (sc. poenas),

    Tac. A. 3, 70.—
    (β).
    With indef. obj., generally with in and acc.: aliquid gravius in aliquem, to proceed severely against:

    obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    fac aliquid gravius in Hejum statuisse Mamertinos,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 19:

    res monet cavere ab illis magis quam quid in illos statuamus consultare,

    Sall. C. 52, 3:

    qui cum triste aliquid statuit, fit tristis et ipse,

    Ov. P. 2, 2, 119:

    si quid ob eam rem de se crudelius statuerent,

    Just. 2, 15, 10.—
    (γ).
    With a word expressing the kind of punishment (post-Aug.):

    in Pompeiam Sabinam exilium statuitur,

    Tac. A. 6, 24 (18).—
    (δ).
    De capite, to pass sentence of death:

    legem illam praeclaram quae de capite civis Romani nisi comitiis centuriatis statui vetaret,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61.—
    E.
    Referring to one's own acts, to resolve, determine, purpose, to propose, with inf. (first in Cic.;

    freq. and class.): statuit ab initio et in eo perseveravit, jus publicano non dicere,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 10:

    P. Clodius cum statuisset omni scelere in praetura vexare rem publicam,

    id. Mil. 9, 24:

    statuerat excusare,

    to decline the office, id. Lig. 7, 21:

    cum statuissem scribere ad te aliquid,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

    quod iste certe statuerat et deliberaverat non adesse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1:

    se statuisse animum advertere in omnes nauarchos,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 40, §

    105: nam statueram in perpetuum tacere,

    id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

    statueram... nihil de illo dicere,

    id. Fragm. Clod. 1, 1:

    statueram recta Appia Romam (i. e. venire),

    id. Att. 16, 10, 1:

    Pompeius statuerat bello decertare,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 86: si cedere hinc statuisset, Liv. 44, 39, 7:

    triumphare mense Januario statuerat,

    id. 39, 15:

    immemor sim propositi quo statui non ultra attingere externa nisi qua Romanis cohaererent rebus,

    id. 39, 48:

    rex quamquam dissimulare statuerat,

    id. 42, 21:

    opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit,

    id. 42, 54, 9:

    ut statuisse non pugnare consules cognitum est,

    id. 2, 45, 9:

    exaugurare fana statuit,

    id. 1, 55, 2:

    Delphos mittere statuit,

    id. 1, 56, 5:

    eos deducere in agros statuerunt,

    id. 40, 38, 2:

    tradere se, ait, moenia statuisse,

    id. 8, 25, 10:

    Samnitium exercitus certamine ultimo fortunam experiri statuit,

    id. 7, 37, 4:

    statuit sic adfectos hosti non obicere,

    id. 44, 36, 2:

    sub idem tempus statuit senatus Carthaginem excidere,

    Vell. 1, 12, 2:

    statui pauca disserere,

    Tac. H. 4, 73:

    amoliri juvenem specie honoris statuit,

    id. A. 2, 42:

    statuerat urbem novam condere,

    Curt. 4, 8, 1:

    statuerat parcere urbi conditae a Cyro,

    id. 7, 6, 20:

    rex statuerat inde abire,

    id. 7, 11, 4:

    Alexander statuerat ex Syria petere Africam,

    id. 10, 1, 17; 10, 5, 24; 5, 27 (9), 13; so,

    statutum habere cum animo ac deliberatum,

    to have firmly and deliberately resolved, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95.—With sic:

    caedis initium fecisset a me, sic enim statuerat,

    id. Phil. 3, 7, 29.—
    F.
    To judge, declare as a judgment, be of opinion, hold (especially of legal opinions), think, consider (always implying the establishment of a principle, or a decided conviction; cf.: existimo, puto, etc.).
    1.
    With acc. and inf.
    a.
    In gen.:

    senatus consulta falsa delata ab eo judicavimus... leges statuimus per vim et contra auspicia latas,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 12:

    statuit senatus hoc ne illi quidem esse licitum cui concesserat omnia,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81:

    quin is tamen (judex) statuat fieri non posse ut de isto non severissime judicetur,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §

    144: hujusce rei vos (recuperatores) statuetis nullam esse actionem qui obstiterit armatis hominibus?

    id. Caecin. 13, 39, ut quisquam juris numeretur peritus, qui id statuit esse jus quod non oporteat judicari, who holds that to be the law, id. ib. 24, 68:

    is (Pompeius) se in publico statuit esse non posse,

    id. Pis. 13, 29:

    tu unquam tantam plagam tacitus accipere potuisses, nisi hoc ita statuisses, quidquid dixisses te deterius esse facturum?

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133:

    si causa cum causa contenderet, nos nostram perfacile cuivis probaturos statuebamus,

    we were sure, id. Quint. 30, 92:

    non statuit sibi quidquam licere quod non patrem suum facere vidisset,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211:

    hi sibi nullam societatem communis utilitatis causa statuunt esse cum civibus,

    assume, id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

    cum igitur statuisset opus esse ad eam rem constituendam pecunia,

    had become convinced, id. ib. 2, 23, 82:

    quo cive neminem ego statuo in hac re publica esse fortiorem,

    id. Planc. 21, 51:

    quam quidem laudem sapientiae statuo esse maximam,

    id. Fam. 5, 13, 1:

    hoc anno statuit temporis esse satis,

    Ov. F. 1, 34:

    nolim statuas me mente maligna id facere,

    Cat. 67, 37.— So with sic:

    velim sic statuas tuas mihi litteras longissimas quasque gratissimas fore,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 33 fin.:

    ego sic statuo a me in hac causa pietatis potius quam defensionis partes esse susceptas,

    I hold, lay down as the principle of my defence, id. Sest. 2, 3:

    quod sic statuit omnino consularem legem nullam putare,

    id. ib. 64, 135:

    sic statuo et judico, neminem tot et tanta habuisse ornamenta dicendi,

    id. Or. 2, 28, 122. —Hence, statui, I have judged, i. e. I know, and statueram, I had judged, i. e. I knew:

    ut ego qui in te satis consilii statuerim esse, mallem Peducaeum tibi consilium dare quam me, ironically,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4:

    qui saepe audissent, nihil esse pulchrius quam Syracusarum moenia, statuerant se, si ea Verre praetore non vidissent, numquam esse visuros,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95.—With neutr. pron.:

    si dicam non recte aliquid statuere eos qui consulantur,

    that they hold an erroneous opinion, Cic. Caecin. 24, 68; cf.:

    quis hoc statuit umquam, aut cui concedi potest, ut eum jure potuerit occidere a quo, etc.,

    id. Tull. 24, 56; Quint. 5, 13, 21.—
    b.
    Particularly of a conclusion drawn from circumstances, to judge, infer, conclude; declare (as an inference):

    cum tuto senatum haberi non posse judicavistis, tum statuiistis, etiam intra muros Antonii scelus versari,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13: quod si aliter statuetis, videte ne hoc vos statuatis, qui vivus decesserit, ei vim non esse factam, id. Caecin. 16, 46:

    quid? si tu ipse statuisti, bona P. Quinctii ex edicto possessa non esse?

    id. Quint. 24, 76:

    ergo ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 67:

    Juppiter esse pium statuit quodcumque juvaret,

    Ov. H. 4, 133.—With neutr. pron.:

    hoc (i. e. litteris Gabinii credendum non esse) statuit senatus cum frequens supplicationem Gabinio denegavit,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 6, 14:

    quod si tum statuit opus esse, quid cum ille decessisset, Flacco existimatis statuendum et faciendum fuisse?

    id. Fl. 12, 29; cf. id. Caecin. 16, 46, supra; so,

    hoc si ita statuetis,

    id. ib. 16, 47.—
    c.
    Esp. with gerund.-clause.
    (α).
    To hold, judge, think, consider, acknowledge, that something must be done, or should have been done:

    tu cum tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas... non statuebas tibi de illorum factis rationem esse reddendam?

    did you not consider, did it not strike you? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29: statuit, si hoc crimen extenuari vellet, nauarchos omnes vita esse privandos, he thought it necessary to deprive, etc., id. ib. 2, 5, 40, §

    103: ut statuas mihi non modo non cedendum, sed etiam tuo auxilio utendum fuisse,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 10:

    statuebam sic, boni nihil ab illis nugis expectandum,

    id. Sest. 10, 24:

    Antigonus statuit aliquid sibi consilii novi esse capiendum,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 4. —So with opus fuisse:

    ut hoc statuatis oratione longa nihil opus fuisse,

    acknowledge, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56: causam sibi dicendam esse statuerat jam ante quam hoc usu venit, knew (cf. a. supra), id. ib. 2, 5, 39, § 101. —
    (β).
    To think that one must do something, to resolve, propose, usu. with dat. pers.:

    manendum mihi statuebam quasi in vigilia quadam consulari ac senatoria,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 1: quae vobis fit injuria si statuimus, vestro nobis judicio standum esse, if we conclude, purpose, to abide, etc., id. Fl. 27, 65:

    ut ea quae statuisses tibi in senatu dicenda, reticeres,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 1:

    statuit tamen nihil sibi in tantis injuriis gravius faciendum,

    id. Clu. 6, 16:

    Caesar statuit exspectandam classem,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    non expectandum sibi statuit dum, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    quod eo tempore statuerat non esse faciendum,

    id. B. C. 3, 44:

    statuit sibi nihil agitandum,

    Sall. J. 39, 5:

    Metellus statuit alio more bellum gerendum,

    id. ib. 54, 5:

    Laco statuit accuratius sibi agendum cum Pharnabazo,

    Nep. Alcib. 10, 2:

    sororis filios tollendos statuit,

    Just. 38, 1.—
    2.
    With ut:

    si, ut Manilius statuebat, sic est judicatum (= ut judicandum esse statuebat),

    Cic. Caecin. 24, 69:

    ut veteres statuerunt poetae (ut = quod ita esse),

    id. Arat. 267 (33): quae majora auribus accepta sunt quam oculis noscuntur, ut statuit, as he thought, i. e. that those things were greater, etc., Liv. 45, 27:

    cum esset, ut ego mihi statuo, talis qualem te esse video,

    Cic. Mur. 14, 32.—
    3.
    With two acc. (= duco, existimo):

    omnes qui libere de re publica sensimus, statuit ille quidem non inimicos, sed hostes,

    regarded not as adversaries, but as foes, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 3:

    Anaximenes aera deum statuit,

    id. N. D. 10, 26:

    voluptatem summum bonum statuens,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5:

    video Lentulum cujus ego parentem deum ac patronum statuo fortunae ac nominis mei,

    id. Sest. 69, 144:

    si rectum statuerimus concedere amicis quidquid velint,

    id. Lael. 11, 38:

    Hieronymus summum bonum statuit non dolere,

    id. Fin. 2, 6, 19:

    noster vero Plato Titanum e genere statuit eos qui... adversentur magistratibus,

    id. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

    decretum postulat, quo justae inter patruos fratrumque filias nuptiae statuerentur,

    Tac. A. 12, 7:

    optimum in praesentia statuit reponere odium,

    id. Agr. 39.— P. a.: stătūtus, a, um, i. e. baculo, propped, leaning on a stick (dub. v. I. C. supra):

    vidistis senem... statutum, ventriosum?

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 11.—Hence, subst.: stătūtum, i, n., a law, decision, determination, statute (late Lat.):

    Dei,

    Lact. 2, 16, 14:

    Parcarum leges ac statuta,

    id. 1, 11, 14:

    statuta Dei et placita,

    id. 7, 25, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > statuo

  • 19 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin.
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin.
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin.
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin.
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin.
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 20 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin.
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin.
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin.
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin.
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin.
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

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  • TRIBUS — aut a numero, quia tres primitus apud Romanos erant, aut tributo quod pendebant, (teste Fazellô) dictae sunt partes in quas populus vel civitas dividitur, ab aliquibus ortum ducentes. Veluti tribus Israel a filiis Iacob originem traheutes; quibus …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • VESTIS — primi hominis innocentia fuit, cui postquam iniquitas successit, vidit se nudum esse, et consutis foliis fecit sibi subligacula, Genes. c. 3. v. 7. ut sic membris minime honestis honorem circumponeret, prout loquitur Paulus 1. Corinth. c. 12. v.… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • LUPUS — I. LUPUS Cos. cum Maximo, A. U. C. 984. II. LUPUS Dux Seu. Imp. ab Albini militibus victus, de quo vide Casaub. ad Seu. Spartiani. III. LUPUS Ep. Senonensis, qui tantâ erat in pauperes munificentiâ, ut nullum sibi thesaurum relinqueret, sed omnes …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • ANGLIA — Insulae Britanniae pars, olim Albion, seu Albania, ab albis rupibus (ur quidam volunt) quae primum illuc navigantibus apparent, sic dicta. Hodie in duaspartes dividitur, Angliam proprie sic dictam, veteribus Lhoegriam, et Cambriam, seu Walliam.… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • TYPOGRAPHIA — quae unicum est contra tineas et blattas, omnis eruditionis inimicas, remedium: quamque cum omnibus veterum inventis, certare facile posle censet Ioh. Bodinus, Meth. Histor. c. 7. non Saturnum, ut S. Cyprianus, de Idolis libr. sensisle videtur:… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

  • RYSVICUM i. e. RYSWYK — RYSVICUM, i. e. RYSWYK pagus celebris, et peramoenus Hollandiae, suburbanus Hagae Comitum, Potentissimi, Augustissimi, Felicissini, Serenissimi VILHELMI III. Magnae Britanniae Regis, Castro sumptuosissimo, magnificentissimo nobilitatus; in cuius… …   Hofmann J. Lexicon universale

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