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1 νύμφευμα
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2 εἰς-βαίνω
εἰς-βαίνω (s. βαίνω), hineingehen; Il. 12, 59; ins Schiff einsteigen, sich einschiffen; Od. 9, 103; Thuc. 1, 143, öfter, wie Xen. Hell. 1, 6, 25; ἐς ναῦν Her. 3, 41; σκάφος Eur. Tro. 681; πρὸς λιϑόστρωτον κόρης νυμφεῖον, ins steinerne Brautgemach zur Jungfrau, Soph. Ant. 1190; τοιαῦτα καὐτὸς εἰςέβην κακά, wie subire, O. C. 1001, wie ἄτης ἄβυσσον Aesch. Suppl. 466; εἰςβαίνει μοι οἶκτος, mich kommt an, ergreift Mitleid, Soph. Trach. 297. – Aor. I. trans., hineinbringen, -führen; τινά, Eur. Bacch. 466 Alc. 1055; in tmesi auch Hom., ἐς δ' ἑκατόμβην βῆσε Il. 1, 310; ληΐδα τ' εἰςβήσαντες Ap. Rh. 2, 167.
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3 δια-κενῆς
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4 λόχος
λόχος, ὁ (λέγω), 1) eigtl. ein Ort, wo man sich hinlegt, ein Hinterhalt, Versteck, d. i. ein Ort, in welchen eine Kriegerschaar gelegt wird, um auf den Feind zu lauern u. plötzlich auf ihn loszubrechen; εἰ γὰρ νῦν παρὰ νηυσὶ λεγοίμεϑα πάντες ἄριστοι ἐς λόχον Il. 13, 276 ff., ἐκ λόχου ἀμπήδησε, er brach aus dem Hinterhalt hervor, 11, 379, öfter; auch das hölzerne Pferd der Griechen vor Troja heißt κοῖλος u. πυκινὸς λόχος, Od. 4, 277. 8, 515. 11, 525, wie ξεστὸς λ. Eur. Tro. 534; so heißen die feindlichen Schiffe ξύλινος λόχος in einem Orakel bei Her. 3, 57; ἁ δεινοῖς κρυπτομένα λόχοις Ἐρινύς Soph. El. 481. Uebh. Hinterhalt, λόχονδε ἰέναι, zum Hinterhalt gehen, Il. 1, 227, λόχον ἀνδρῶν εἰςίζεσϑαι, im Hinterhalt liegen, 13, 285, λόχον εἷσαι, einen Hinterhalt legen, 4, 392. 6, 189 Od. 4, 531, u. λόχῳ εἷσαί τινα, Einen in Hinterhalt legen, Hes. Th. 174; auch λόχον ἀρτύνειν, Od. 14, 469; λόχονδε κρίνειν ἄνδρας ἀριστῆας, die Tapfersten zum Hinterhalt auslesen, ibd. 217; – μηδέ τι ϑυμῷ δείσητ' Ἀργείων πυκινὸν λόχον Il. 24, 779; auch das Auflauern, Nachstellen selbst, Od. 4, 441. 16, 463, wie λόχος ϑείοιο γέροντος, die Art u. Weise, dem göttlichen Alten aufzulauern, 4, 395; φύτευέ οἱ ϑάνατον ἐκ λόχου Pind. N. 4, 63; – u. die den Hinterhalt bildende Mannschaft, μὴ λόχος εἰςέλϑῃσι πόλιν Il. 8, 522, wie man auch manche andere Stelle auffassen kann. – Dah. jede gewaffnete Schaar Fußvolk, εἴπερ πεντήκοντα λόχοι ἀνϑρώπων νῶϊ περισταῖεν Od. 20, 49. So bei den Tragg., πύλαισι Νηΐτισι προςβαλεῖν λόχον Aesch. Spt. 442, vgl. 56; κινοῠνται λόχοι πρὸς ἄστυ Θήβης Soph. O. C. 1373; ξιφήρης λόχος Eur. Andr. 1115, λόχος ὀδόντων ὄφεος ἐξηνδρωμένος Suppl. 703, öfter. – Uebh. jede Schaar, ἴδετε παρϑένων ἱκέσιον λόχον Aesch. Spt. 106, ϑαυμαστὸς λόχος εὕδει γυναικῶν, von den Furien, Eum. 46. Auch λόχος ἐλάφων, Apollnds. 15 (IX, 244). – Bes. in Prosa von Her. 9, 53. 57 an eine Abtheilung von Kriegern zu Fuß, gewöhnlich von hundert Mann, wie bei Xen. An. 3, 4, 21 ausdrücklich erwähnt ist, u. öfter in der An. u. Cyr. sich zeigt; aber die hinzugesetzte Bestimmung ἀνὰ ἑκατὸν ἄνδρας zeigt, daß die Zahl keine feste war und sich nach der in den einzelnen griechischen Staaten u. Stämmen verschiedenen Eintheilung der Bürger u. des Heeres richtete. So gehen bei Thuc. 5, 68 vier πεντηκοστύες auf einen λόχος, u. bei den Spartanern heißt der vierte od. nach Anderen der fünfte Theil der μόρα ein λόχος. Auch von bürgelichen Vereinen, Xen. Hier. 9, 5; Arist. pol. 3, 8. Die Sp. nennen so die röm. centuria, 2) das sich ins Bett Legen, von den Kindbetterinnen, die Niederkunft, die Geburt, auch das Geborene, αὐτοτόκον πρὸ λόχου μογερὰν πτάκα ϑυομένοισιν Aesch. Ag. 135, Ἄρτεμιν γυναικῶν λόχους ἐφορεύειν Suppl. 662; ὠδί νων, Lycophr. 342. – 3) bei den Macedoniern ein Monat, dem attischen Maimakterion entsprechend, Hesych.
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5 ἁβρός
ἁβρός (ἅπτω, ἁπαλός, andere von ἥβη, doch ist α kurz nach Draco u. Eur. Med. 1164 Troad. 821; falsch im E. M. von ἄ-βαρος), sein, zart; 1) im guten Sinne: schön, edel, Pind. σῶμα Ol. 6, 55; Κρηϑεΐς N. 5, 26; κῦδος, seiner, herrlicher Ruhm, C. 5, 7 I. 1, 56; ähnl. λόγος, ehrenvoll, N. 7, 32; στέφανος I. 7, 65; πλοῦτος P. 3, 110. Plato verbindet τὸ καλὸν καὶ ἁβρόν Conv. 264 c. Dann besonders von weiblicher Shönheil und Zartheit: παρϑένοι ἁβραί Aesch. frg. 433; Δηιάνειρα Hoph. Tr. 526, ch.; βόστρυχοι Eur. Bacch. 493 (wie ἴουλος Orph. Ara. 229); πούς Hel. 1528; κῶλον Iph. A. 614; oft in den erotischen Gedichten. Allgemeiner: angenehm, σχολὴ ἁβρότατον κτῆμα Xen. Conv. 4, 43; ἁβρὰ παϑεῖν Theoan. 474. 722 (bei Plut. Hol. 2 dem Hol. zugeschrieben). Bei Luc. sein, witzig, mit ἀστικός verbunden, Iud. Deor. 7; vgl. D. meretr. 14; von zierlicher Rede, Hermoacnes. – Bei Männern erschien solche zarte Schönheit als Weichlichkeit; dah. tadelnd: üppig, weichlich, bes. von der asiatischen Pracht und weibischen Lebensweise (VLL. τρυφερός, μαλακός). So Her., Πέρσῃσι πρὶν Λυδοὺς καταστρέψασϑαι ἦν οὔτε ἁβρὸν οὔτε ἀγαϑὸν οὐδέν 1, 71; Ἀγάϑυρσοι ἁβρό-τατοι ἄνδρες καὶ χρυσοφόροι μάλιστα 4, 104 (beides verbindet auch Luc. Dial. Mort. 14, 2); Ἰώνων τρυ-φεραμπεχόνων ἁβρὸς ἡδυπαϑὴς ὄχλος Antiphan. Ath. XII, 526 d; Ἀλκιβιάδης com. Ath. XIII, 570 d; ἁβρότερος γυναικῶν Luc. Dial. D. 18; δίαιτα ἁβρο-τέρα Ael. V. H. 4, 22; ἁβρὸν βαίνειν ( Schol. ϑρυπτόμενος, βλακευόμενος), zierlich, üppig einhergehen, Eur. Med. 1164; Tro. 821 (vom Ganymed; vgl. Arist. Vesp. 1163 πλουσίως προβὰς τρυφερόν τι διασα-λακώνισον); ἁβρὰ γελᾶν, behaglich lachen, Anacr. 41, 3. 42, 5; sanft lächeln, Ep. ad. 31 (XII, 156). – Adv., ἁβρῶς βαίνειν Eur. Med. 823 u. a.
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6 ἄντλος
ἄντλος, ὁ, 1) das im untern Schiffsraume sich sammelnde Meerwasser, auch der unterste Schiffsraum selbst, Od. 12, 411. 15, 479; ἄντλον εἴργων ναός Eur. Tro. 686, das Eindringen des Wassers abwehrend; πόλις ἄντλον οὐκ ἐδέξατο Aesch. Sept. 778, wehrte die eindringenden Wogen ab, wurde nicht leck; ἐν ἄντλῳ τιϑέναι, in Grund bohren, übertr. wie unser scheitern lassen, Pind. P. 8, 12. – Das Meer selbst, Ol. 9, 67; ἀλίμενος Eur. Hec. 1025; vgl. Heracl. 169. – 2) Schöpfgefäß, Schiffspumpe, Sp. – 3) ein Haufen ausgedroschener, aber noch nicht gereinigter Feldfrüchte, Add. 1 (VI, 258); Suid. συγκομιδὴ τῶν ἀσταχύων ἐν τῇ ἅλῳ; vgl. Nic. Th. 115.
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7 ἐν-δίδωμι
ἐν-δίδωμι (s. δίδωμι), hineingeben, – 1) in die Hand geben, überreichen; τινὶ τὴν φιάλην Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 8; καί μοι χερός τις ἐνδότω στήριγμα Eur. I. A. 617. Uebh. übergeben, überlassen, ἐμαυτὸν τοῖς πονηροῖς Ar. Plut. 781; τῇ τύχῃ Eur. Tro. 687; ἑαυτὸν τῷ ἀπίστῳ Plat. Phaedr. 241 c; Isocr. 4, 135; πόλιν, τὰ πράγματα, Thuc. 4, 89. 7, 48; πράγματα ἐνδοῦναι τῷ δήμῳ, die Staatsverwaltung dem Volke überlassen, 2, 65; τοῖς πολεμίοις, mit dem Nebenbegriff des Verrathes, Plat. Rep. VIII, 567 a; Xen. Hell. 7, 4, 14 u. A.; ἐπὶ τὴν τοιαύτην αἵρεσιν, sich auf solchen Plan einlassen, Pol. 9, 33, 11. – 2) eingeben, an die Hand geben; πρόφασίν τινι Thuc. 2, 87; Folgde; λαβήν Ar. Equ. 844; ἀφορμὰς λόγων Eur. Hec. 1239; καιρόν, Gelegenheit darbieten, Dem. 4, 18; Plut. Pericl. 33; τὴν ῥυϑμοῦ αἴσϑησιν τοῖς ἀνϑρώποις Plat. Legg. 672 c; ὑποψίαν, ὡς οὐκ εἰσὶ ϑεοί X, 887 e; λὺγξ σπασμὸν ἐνδιδοῦσα, veranlassend, Thuc. 2, 49; ἐλπίδας τινί, Hoffnungen einflößen, Plut. Alc. 14. – 3) an den Tag legen, beweisen; δικαιοσύνην καὶ πιστότητα Her. 7, 52; μαλακὸν οὐδέν, keine Nachgiebigkeit merken lassen, 3, 51. 105; Ar. Plut. 488 u. Eur. Hel. 508. – 41 angeben, anstimmen, bes. den Ton, Luc. rhet. praec. 13; τὸ πρῶτον σύνϑημα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πρὸς τὴν μάχην ὁ αὐλὸς ἐνδίδωσι ibd.; Polyaen. 1, 10 D. Hal. 7, 72; ἐνέδοσαν τοῖς ἵπποις τὸ ὀρχηστικὸν μέλος Ath. XII, 520 d. S. auch ἐνδόσιμον. – 5) zugeben, gestatten, λόγον, eine Unterredung, Eur. Andr. 965; ὅσον ἐνέδωκαν αἱ μοῖραι, soviel das Geschick zuließ, Her. 1, 91; zugestehen, ὁτιοῠν Plat. Gorg. 499 b; οὐδέν, in Nichts, auf keine Weise nachgeben, Thuc. 2, 12; intr., nachgeben, weichen, Thuc., bes. im Kriege, sich ergeben, 4, 129; πρὸς τὴν εἰρήνην, sich zum Frieden hinneigen, Plut. Pyrrh. 18, vgl. Flam. 9; τῇ τῶν πλειόνων γνώμῃ Dem.; Sp.; πρὸς τὸν ὕπνον Plut. Sull. 28; ἐνδοῦναι πρὸς τὰς ἡδονάς, sich ihnen hingeben, Arist. u. Sp.; οἴκτῳ, sich vom Mitleid hinreißen lassen, Thuc. 3, 37; nachlassen, schwach werden, τοῖς χρωμένοις πλείοσιν ἀφροδισίοις ἐνδιδόασι τὰ ὄμματα φανερῶς Arist. gen. anim. 2, 7; von Krankheiten, Medic.; übh. in Verfall gerathen, τῶν ἐρεισμάτων ἐνδόντων Pol. 5, 100, 5; ἡ δύναμις Plut. Demetr. 19; τὸ ἐνδιδοῠν ἐν τοῖς πόνοις, das Erschlaffen, Luc. Anath. 26. – 6) sich ergießen in, von einem Flusse, Her. 3, 117.
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8 ἔνθα
ἔνθα, adv., da, 1) demonstr., – a) vom Orte, daselbst, dort; ἃς ὁ μὲν ἔνϑ' ἀπόλωλε, so kam er dort um, Il. 14, 137; Aesch. Suppl. 33; Plat. Phaedr. 247 c; Xen. An. 1, 7, 15; ἔνϑα καὶ ἔνϑα, hier und dort, Plat. Tim. 79 e; ἔνϑα μὲν καλόν, ἔνϑα δὲ αἰσχρόν Conv. 211 a; ἢ ἔνϑα ἢ ἔνϑα Od. 10, 574, wie Plat. Legg. VIII, 835 b. – Bei Hom. auch bei Verbis der Bewegung, ἔνϑ' ἐλϑών, dahin gekommen, Il. 13, 23; ἔνϑ' ἴομεν κείοντες 14, 340; Od. 3, 295. 6, 47. 12, 5, vgl. Spitzner zu Il. 15, 82; παρϑένος ἔνϑα βεβακα· γυνὰ δ' εἰς οἶκον ἀφέρψω Theocr. 27, 64; ἔνϑα καὶ ἔνϑα, dahin und dorthin, hin und her, Od. 2, 213. Aehnl. περιέπεμπον ἔνϑα μὲν φύλακας, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς πρέσβεις Thuc. 6, 45. – b) von der Zeit, da, damals, Hom. u. Folgde; ἔνϑα δ' ἔπειτα, darauf dann, Od. 7, 196. 10, 516; Plat. Phaedr. 249 b; Xen. An. 4, 1, 17; ἔνϑα δή, da nun, bes. darauf nun, die Aufeinanderfolge von Begebenheiten zu bezeichnen; so entspricht es im Nachsatz dem ἐπεί des Vordersatzes, Hell. 2, 4, 39, u. öfter bei diesem u. Sp., wie Plut. – 2) relativ, – a) vom Orte, wo, Il. 1, 610 u. öfter; bei Folgdn häufiger als die demonstrative Bdtg. Bei Hom. auch ἔνϑα τε, Il. 2, 594. 5, 305, vgl. τέ; ἔνϑα περ, 13, 524; ἔνϑα δὲ τὸ πῠρ ἐκαίετο – βόϑροι ἐγίγνοντο Xen. An. 4, 5, 6; auch auf ein voranstehendes subst. bezogen, ἐπὶ τὸν λόφον, ἔνϑα ἦσαν οἱ πολέμιοι, 3, 4, 41; auch bei Verbis der Bewegung, ἄγειν ἔνϑα ὑμῖν ἐδόκει 7, 6, 14; ἐμποδὼν τοῠ μὴ ἤδη εἶναι ἔνϑα πάλαι σπεύδομεν, wo man freilich ein εἶναι ergänzen könnte, 4, 8, 14; vgl. Soph. ὁδοιποροῦμεν ἔνϑα χρῄζομεν El. 1088, wohin wir wünschen, u. Phil. 1452; aber in κρύψον νιν ἔνϑα μή ποτ' εἰς εὐνὴν πατρὸς τούτων πρόςεισι μηδέν, El. 428, steht es für ἐνταῠϑα, ὅϑεν; etwas anders Xen. στὰς ἔνϑα πνεῖ ἄνεμος ἢ ἀντίος, wo der Wind weht, wo er her weht, gegen den Wind, Oec. 18, 1. Bei Soph. auch in indirecter Frage, ἱστορῶ ἔνϑ' ᾤκηκεν El. 1090; c. gen., ἔνϑα πημάτων κυρῶ Eur. Tro. 680. – b) von der Zeit, bes. Xen., ἔνϑα πρῶτον εἰς φιλίαν γῆν ἀφίκοιντο, da, wo, u. sobald als, An. 5, 1, 1 u. A.; auch c. gen., ἔνϑα τοῦ χρόνου, zu welcher Zeit, Ael. V. H. 10, 18.
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9 βροντή
el tro -
10 ἀγκ-
Grammatical information: rootMeaning: `curve'Compounds: ἀγκυλομήτης `who thinks crookes thoughts' (Il.) from *μη-μι (cf. Skt. mā́ti) Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 306.Derivatives:With l-suffix: ἀγκάλη f., mostly pl. `curved arm, armfull' (Archil.); ἀγκαλίς, - ίδες (Il.) - ἀγκύλος `curved, bent' (Il.) For the stem in -u- cf. Skt. aṅku-rá- `hook' (note Wheeler's law). For the l-suffix cf. OHG angul `fishhook', ON ōl f. `belt' (like ἀγκύλη), ōll `germ' etc. Uncertain ἀγκλόν σκολιόν H. –With n-suffix: ἀγκών, - ῶνος m. `elbow', dat. pl. ἀγκάσι (Opp.), cf. ἀγκάς below (Il.). Feminine formation ἄγκοιναι `arms' (Il.). With old -e- ἐπ-ηγκενίδες `long planks on a ship' (Bechtel Lex.) –Unclear ἀγκάς ἀγκάλας H. (Bechtel Lex.). Adverb ἀγκάς `in the arms' (Il.), except Ψ 711 only before vowel, probably the elided dat. pl. with zero grade suffix of ἀγκών ( ἀγκάσι like φρασί).One generally takes here ἄγκῡρα `ancre' (Alk.), but I suggest it is a substratum word (typical Pre-Greek suffix, hardly from - ur-ya-; cf. γέφῡρα, γόργῡρα). (LW [loanword] lat. ancora, and Marāthi naṅgar `id.'.)Origin: IE [Indo-European] [45] *h₂enk- `bend'Page in Frisk: 1,11-12Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀγκ-
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11 δρέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to pluck, cut off' (Od.).Compounds: Compp. with ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐπι-, κατα-. In comp., e. g. δρεπανη-φόρος `sickle-carrying' (X.) with - η- for - ο- favoured by the rhthm, cf. Schwyzer 438f.Derivatives: δρεπάνη (Il.), δρέπανον (Od.) `sickle' ( δράπανον Epigr.) with δρεπανηΐς `id.' (Nic.; Chantraine 346), δρεπάνιον (Seleuk. ap. Ath.); δρεπανίς `(the bird) Alpine swift' (Arist., because of the form of the wings, Thompson Birds s. v.; H. also δραπανίδες εἶδος ὀρνέου), δρεπανώδης `sickle-shaped' (Agath.). - δρέμμα κλέμμα ("about stealing fruit?", v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 35, unless for κλῆμα), οἱ δε κλάσμα H. - δρεπτεῖς H., δρεπεῖς EM = τρυγηταί, `who gathers ripe fruits' s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 81. Beside δρέπω with ω δρῶπαξ m. `pitch-plaster', with δρωπακίζω `apply a depilatory, tear out one's hairs' with δρωπακισμός, - ιστής, - ίστρια (medic.). Also δρώπτης πλανήτης, πτωχός H.?Etymology: The form δρωπ- is found in Slavic, in a word for `scratch, tear', e. g. Russ. drápa-ju, -ti (sec. drjáp-), Pol. drapać, Skr. drâpām, drápati etc.; zero grade ( δραπών etc.) in Bulg. dъ́rpam, Skr. dr̂pām, dŕpati. From IE * drōp- also Latv. druõpstala `schnitzel, crumb'. Very uncertain is relation with OWNo. trǫf n. pl. `fringes' etc. (IE * drop-) and Gallorom. drappus `cloth, linen' etc. - δρέπω can be derived from δέρω as * dr-ep-; compare τρέπω, κλέπτω (s. vv.). A parallel of δρεπάνη is Arm. artevan, -anac` `eyebrow' (after the form); REArm. 17 (1983) 21f. - From Greek Alb. drapën `sickle'. - See δρῶπαξ s.v.Page in Frisk: 1,417Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δρέπω
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12 ἔνερθε(ν)
ἔνερθε(ν)Grammatical information: adv., prep.Meaning: `(from) below, below'.Derivatives: Compare ἔνεροι `those below, those below the earth', of the dead and the gods below the earth (Hom.), ἐνέρτερος, νέρτερος `below (the earth)' (Hom.), sup. ἐνέρτατος `the lowest' (Emp.).Etymology: Cf. the opposites ὕπερ-θε(ν), ὑπέρ-τερος, - τατος, to ὑπέρ; also ὕπερον, ὑπέρα (s. vv.). - A good formal agreement to νέρτερος gives Italic in Umbr. nertru `sinistro', Osc. nertra-k `a sinistra'. One compares further Germanic words for `north', e. g. OWNo. norđr n., which requires zero grade: PGm. *núrÞra-, IE *nr̥tro-. Basic meaning: `region where the sun is below', or `left side of someone who prays when turning to the east'. Another formation in Arm. ner-k`-in `the one below' (cf. i nerk`oy, i nerk` ust `(from) below'). Diff. again is Skt. naraka- `hell' (Wackernagel-Debrunner Ai. Gramm. II: 2, 150). Without consonantal suffix Toch. B ñor `below'; also A ñare, B nray, nrey `world below, hell' rather LW [loanword] from Skt.. niraya- `id.'; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 180. - As Armenian has no e-, this may be a Greek innovation. (Improbable Bezzenberger BB 27, 174, Güntert IF 27, 49 and Sonne KZ 14, 11: ἔν ἔρᾳι = in the earth). - Further to Lith. neriù, ner̃ti `dive in, slip in' etc. (s. δενδρύω)? S. also νειρός. - The e- may be compared with that of ἐκεῖ?Page in Frisk: 1,514-515Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνερθε(ν)
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13 ἤνυστρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `the fourth stomach of ruminants, rennet-stomach'; also a dish (Ar., Arist.);Other forms: ἐν- (LXX)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The form with ἐν- after ἔντερα, ἐγκοίλια (but it is very late)? From ἤνυστρον, if from *Ϝήνυστρον, differs a Northgerman. word for `rennet-stomach', e. g. Norw. dial. vinstr f. only as regards the quantity of the first syllable and the colour of the intermediate vowel; Gr. - υ- may be analogical after ὑστέρα. As basis we could assume IE *u̯ē̆nes-tro-, - trā-. Further there is, with a different suffix, OHG wanast ` Wanst', also `the first stomch of ruminants', Skt. vaniṣṭhú- m. etwa `entrail' (used as an offering). - Lidén KZ 61, 19ff. with criticism of other views. - A digamma is uncertain. Connection with Germanic words seems most improbable, as with Sanskrit (the forms are not well comparable). I think the ending in - στρον is Pre-Greek (Beekes. Pre-Greek, Suffixes s.v. - στρ-). Fur. 258 ν. 42 points to the variation ε\/η for which he gives parallels.Page in Frisk: 1,638Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἤνυστρον
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14 λούω
λούω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `bathe, wash (the body)' (Il., cf. below)Other forms: also λοέω (ipf. λόεον δ 252). λόω (ipf. λό' [κ 361], λόον [h. Ap. 120], inf. λόεσθαι [Hes. Op. 749]); besides λοῦσθαι (ζ 216), λοῦνται (Hdt.), λούμενος (Ar.); Dor. (Call. Lav. Pall. 72f.) λῶντο, λώοντο; aor. λοῦσαι, - σασθαι (Il.), ep. also λοέσ(σ)αι, - έσσασθαι, Dor. λωσάμενος (Cyrene), pass. λουθῆναι (Hp.), - σθῆναι (LXX, pap.); fut. λούσω, - ομαι (IA.), λοέσσομαι (ζ 221), ptc. perf. λελουμένος (E 6),Dialectal forms: Myc. rewotorokowo; s. belowDerivatives: 1. λουτρόν, Hom. λοετρόν, Dor. λωτρόν (H.), usu. (in Hom. always) in plur. `the bath, bathing place' (Il.); as 1. member e.g. in λοετρο-χόος `pouring bathwater' (Hom.); λούτριον n. `bathwater' (Ar., Luc.), ἀπολούτριος `for washing' of water (Ael.), λουτρών, - ῶνος m. `bathroom, bathing house' (X., hell.) with - ωνικός `belonging to the bathing places' ( Cod. Just.), λουτρίς f. `belonging to the bath' (Theopomp. Com., H., Phot.), λουτρικός H. s. ξυστρολήκυθον, λουτρόομαι `bathe' (Euboea) - 2. λούτρα f. `sarcophagus' (Corycos ; on the meaning cf. μάκρα [from μάκτρα] `bathtub, coffin'). - 3. λουτήρ m. `bathtub' (LXX, inscr.), - ήριον n. `id.' (Antiph., inscr.; λωτ. Tab. Heracl.) with the dimin. - ηρίδιον (Hero, pap.), - ηρίσκος (Gloss.); ἐκλουτήριος `for washing' (Aegina); ἐγλουστρίς f. `bathing-drawers?' (hell. pap.). - 4. λούστης m. "bather", `who loves bathing' (Arist., M. Ant.). - 5. λοῦσις ` bathing, washing' (late pap., inscr.), ἀπόλουσις `washing' (Pl.). - 6. λοῦμα n. `stream' (Sardes); prob also λούματα (cod. ἀούματα) τὰ τῶν πτισσομένων κριθῶν ἄχυρα Κύπριοι H.; cf. ἀπόλουμα = ἀποκάθαρμα (sch., Eust.); or because the chaff before feeding was washed away in water?; diff. Bechtel Dial. 1, 451 (with Hoffmann Dial. 1, 121). -7. λουτιάω `want to bathe' (Luc. Lex. 2; after ἐμετ-ιάω: ἐμέω a. o.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [692] *leu̯h₃- `wash, bathe'Etymology: The aorist λο(Ϝ)έ-σαι agrees with κορέ-σαι, στορέ-σαι; the rare present λο(Ϝ)έ-ω can be explained as innovation (cf. Specht KZ 59, 61). From λο(Ϝ)έσαι by contraction could arise λοῦσαι; to this again λούω. In Hom. the uncontracted forms can be inserted, e.g. λόεσεν etc. for λοῦσεν etc., also λοέεσθαι for λούεσθαι (Z 508 = O 265). Both λοῦσαι etc. and the isolated λό', λόον, λόεσθαι are understandable from (thematic) λό(Ϝ)-ω; the last forms however, can also be due to hyphairesis (cf. Schwyzer 252 f.). Also λοῦσθαι, λοῦνται, λούμενος admit basic forms like *λόϜ-εσθαι *λόϜ-ονται, *λοϜ-όμενος; but rhey are at the same time explainable from λο(Ϝ)έεσ-θαι, λο(Ϝ)έονται, λο(Ϝ)εόμενος. Further details in Schwyzer 682, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 34, 347, 374, Risch ̨ 117. An immediate agreement to monosyll. thematic λό(Ϝ)ω appears in Lat. lav-ō, lav-ere (from * lov-; cf. Szemerényi KZ 70, 57 f.); to disyll. λο(Ϝ)έ-σαι may at the same time disyll. lavā-re (if the length is secondary) correspond (IE *leu̯h₃-). Wether also Arm. loganam, aor. logac̣ay `bathe oneself' has a disyllabic root, remains uncertain given the productivity of the Arm. verbs in - anam. From the general o-vowel deviate Myc. rewotorokowo and rewoterejo; their connection with λοετρόν has been explained from metathesis of * lewo-. Also the Celtic and Germanic nominal derivv. show the same vocalisation, e.g. Gaul. lautro `bathing place', OIr. lōathar `basin', OWNo. lauđr n. `lye, (soap)foam', OE lēaÞor `soap-foam', which can go back on IE * louh₃-tro- and can be identical with λο(Ϝ)ετρόν. - Hitt. lah̯(h̯)uu̯āi-'pour', since Sturtevant connected with λούω (s. Friedrich Wb.), is formally unclear (on expects *leh₂\/₃-u-). - Further forms in Bq, WP. 2, 441, Pok. 692, W.-Hofmann s. lavō.Page in Frisk: 2,138-139Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λούω
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15 ματέω
Grammatical information: v.Etymology: Formation like ματέω `search' (s. v.), if not simply a rhime to πατέω; to a primary verb `tread' etc. in Baltoslav., e.g. Lith. minù, mìnti `tread (down), break(?) flax', OCS mьnǫ, męti `press together', Russ. mnu, mjatь `knead, tread (loam), break(?) (flax)'; nominal derivv. in Celt., e.g. Welsh mathr `proculcatio' (\< *mn̥-tro-); further forms WP. 2, 263. Pok. 726, Vasmer s. mnu, Fraenkel s. mìnti 1. Not here Skt. carma-mná- m. `tanner', s. Mayrhofer s. v. --Vgl. μνίον.Page in Frisk: 2,184-185Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ματέω
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16 μέτρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `measure, the right, full measure, goal, length, size, syllable- or verse-measure' (Il.).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σύμμετρος `with the same measure, maesured, becoming, symmetrical' with συμμετρ-ία `harmony, symmetry' a. o. (IA.); περί-μετρος `exceeding (the measure)' (Od.); but περί-μετρον (Hdt., Arist.), - ος (sc. γραμμή) f. `circumference, extent' after περίοδος a. o. with verbal association ( περι-μετρέω Luc.), s. Risch IF 59, 252.Derivatives: Adj. 1. μέτριος `moderate, suitable' (Hes.) with μετρι-ότης `moderation' (IA.), - οσύνη `poverty' (pap. VIp), - ακός `moderate' (pap. VIp), - άζω `be moderate' (Att. hell.) with - ασμός (Suid.); μετριεύεται H. s. λαγαρίτ-τεται. 2. μετρικός `metrical, acc. to measure' (Arist.). 3. Adv. μετρηδόν `in metrical form' (Nonn.). 4. Verb: μετρέω, very often with prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-, ἐκ-, ἀπο-, συν-, `measure, measure (off), estimate etc.' (Hom.); from this (often with prefix) μέτρ-ησις `measurement' (IA.)., - ημα `measure' (E., hell.), - ητής m. "measurer", name of a measure, `metretes' (Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 233), - ητίς f. `id.' (Amorgos IVa), - ητιαῖος `sticking to a μ.' (Karyanda), - ητικός `regarding measurement' (Pl.). As 2. member in several verbal cornpp., e.g. γεω-μέτρης m. `land-, fieldmeasurer, geometrist' (Pl., X.) with γεωμετρ-ία, Ion. - ίη (Hdt., Ar.; also compound of γῆν μετρεῖν?), - ικός (Democr., Pl.), - έω (Att.), βου-μέτρης "cowmeasurer" = ὁ ἐπι θυσιῶν τεταγμένος παρὰ Αἰτωλοῖς H.; cf. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 86. -- Backformations like διάμετρος (sc. γραμμή) f. `diameter, diagonal etc.' (Pl., Arist.), ἐπίμετρον `excess, addition' (hell.).Etymology: Beside μέτρον we have with the same suffix but diff. ablaut μήτρα f. `landmeasure etc.' (Cilicia), ἐρεσι-μήτρην την γεωμετρίαν H. (s. ἔρα), which agrees exactly with Skt. mā́trā f. `measure' and goes back on an athematic present, Skt. mā́-ti `measure' (\< IE * meh₁-ti). The shortness of the ε in μέτρον as opposed to Skt. mā́tram n. `id.' finds however no agreement outside Greek; one might think of a thematic vowel after zero grade root μ-έ-τρον (Brugmann, e.g. Grundr.2 II: 1, 342); a reduced grade of IE * meh₁-- (as θέ-(σις) from θη-) is difficult: it would require * mh₁tr- to become (*) μετρ- and not rather *m̥h₁tr- \> μητρ-; in the latter case Prakr. mettam n. `measure' from Skt. * mitram (innovated after mi-ta-?) would give a direct parallel (note that mh₁etr- might rather have givem *m̥h₁etr- \> *αμετρ-); the question has not been solved yet, Beekes Laryngeals 183. I now think that at the beginning of the word the *m- could have remained consonantal. A derivation IE *méd-tro-m from * med- `measure' (not here μέδιμνος, s.v., with de Saussure MSL 6, 246ff.) would have given *μέστρον. -- An other derivation of the same verb is μῆτις, s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,220-221Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέτρον
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17 ὄστριμον
Grammatical information: n.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unexplained. Quite improbable supposition by Bezzenberger BB 27, 174: from IE * odh-tro- beside * edh-ro- in Germ., e.g. OS edor `fence', * odh-ro- in Slav., e.g. OCS odrъ `bed' (diff. Vasmer s. odr); not better Petersson IF 24, 265 (to IE *u̯es- `envelop'). -- Rather as *'protecting roof' (`Schirmdach') to ὄστρακον, ὄστρεον like Lat. lestūdō `tortoise' (`Schildkröte'), also `protecting roof'. The argumentation is unclear to me. - So there is no IE etymology. The word may\/will be Pre-Greek, but I see no further indication.Page in Frisk: 2,438Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄστριμον
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18 πῶμα 1
πῶμα 1.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `lid, cover' of chest, pot, tube etc. (ep. ion. Il., Arist., hell. a. late).Derivatives: πωμ-άτιον n. dimin. (Sor.); - ατίας m. `kind of snail' (Dsc.) and two denominatives: 1. πωμάζω, also m. ἐπι-, περι- a.o. `to cover, close with a lid' (Arist., Hero a.o.) with ἐπιπωμασμός (Eust.) and the backformation ἐπίπωμα `lid' (Gal. a.o.), to which ἐπιπωματικός (sch.); 2. πωματίζω, mostly ἐπι-, περι-, ἀπο-'id.' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with ἐπιπωμάτισις (VIp). To this the seemingly primary ἐπιπωμάννυμαι `to be covered' (Hero).Etymology: Old verbal noun from IE *poh₂-mn̥ beside * poh₂-tro-m n. in Skt. pā́tram `case, barrel', Germ., e.g. Goth. fodr `sheath, cover', NHG Futter (of cloth). The primary verb is retained in Skt. pā́-ti `guard, protect' (IE * peh₂-). On the basis of the words belonging to it, ποιμήν, πῶυ (\< *πῶι̯υ) one posited a root with an original long diphthong pōi- (thus Pok. 839); s. ποιμήν w. further lit. (we now know that they had (* peh₂-i-, poh₂-i-).Page in Frisk: 2,635-636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῶμα 1
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19 γάμος
γάμος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; sg. and pl. are oft. used interchangeably w. no difference in mng.; cp. SIG 1106, 101–3 διδότω ὁ ἱερεὺς εἰς τοὺς γάμους τὰ γέρη τῷ τὸν γάμον ποιοῦντι; AcThom 4 [Aa II/2 p. 105, 3]. Joseph. distinguishes in Ant. 14, 467f betw. γάμος=wedding and γάμοι=wedding celebration. But for ‘marriage’ he somet. uses the sg. [s. 1a below], somet. the pl. [Ant. 20, 141]; Field, Notes, 16).① public ceremony associated with entry into a marriage relationship, wedding celebrationⓐ gener., pl. (the pl. is used in this sense as early as Hom.; s. also Isaeus 8, 18; 20; BGU 892, 10; 13; 909, 3; Sb 7745, 2; PGiss 31, 16; POxy 111, 2; 927, 2.—Joseph., s. above) γάμους ποιεῖν give a wedding celebration Mt 22:2 (on γ. ποιεῖν cp. Demosth. 30, 21; Menand., Fgm. 450 K. [=454 Edm. III/2 p. 732]; Achilles Tat. 1, 3, 3; Xenophon Eph. 2, 7, 1; Michel 1001 II, 19; Tob 6:13; 8:19; 1 Macc 9:37; 10:58). καλεῖσθαι εἰς τοὺς γ. be invited to the wedding (POxy 1486) 22:3, 9 (cp. Tob 9:5 S).—22:4 (on the parable Mt 22:1–14 s. JSickenberger, ByzZ 30, 1930, 253–61; VHasler, TZ 18, ’62, 25–35). Sg. (LXX) Mt 22:8; J 2:1f; ἔνδυμα γάμου a wedding garment Mt 22:11, 12 (cp. Aristoph., Av. 1692 γαμικὴν χλανίδα; Achilles Tat. 2, 11, 2f).—εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τοὺς γ. Mt 25:10 (for the pl. cp. Diog. L. 3, 2 s. b). Colloq. usage may be embedded Mt 22:10, but s. 3 below.ⓑ Banqueting was integral to marriage celebration (cp. Diog. L. 3, 2; Esth 2:18) Mt 22:4; Rv 19:9 δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου (cp. Diog. L. 3, 2 ἐν γάμοις δειπνῶν; for the theme of an apocalyptic feast [sometimes referred to as ‘Messianic Banquet’ s. ABD IV 788] s. Is 25:6; 4 Esdr 2:38), but the term itself does not mean ‘wedding banquet’; nor do Herodas 7, 86; Diod S 4, 81, 4 support such interpretation.—Whether Lk 12:36; 14:8 refer to wedding celebrations or simply feasts (cp. Esth 9:22) cannot be determined w. certainty (s. IMarshall, Comm. on Luke ’78, 536).ⓐ of socially recognized nuptials marriage (Diod S 2, 5, 1; Maximus Tyr. 26, 6a; 26, 9d; Chion, Ep. 10; Herodian 3, 10, 5; POxy 905, 4 [170 A.D.] al.; pap; Wsd 14:24, 26; Jos., Ant. 6, 210, Vi.; Just., Tat., Ath.; πρὸς γάμον διδόναι Theoph. Ant. 3, 27 [p. 260, 23]) Hb 13:4; IPol 5:2.—Fig. of the Lamb’s apocalyptic nuptials Rv 19:7, 9.ⓑ of socially unrecognized nuptials (Dem. 18, 129, prostitution; Eur. Tro. 932) ἔκλεψεν τοὺς γ. αὐτῆς of Joseph: ‘he has stolen her nuptials’ has eloped with her (unacceptable in a society in which all aspects of entry into a marriage were governed by protocol) GJs 15:2; cp. vs. 4.③ a relatively large room that could serve as a place for celebration of a wedding, wedding hall ἐπλήσθη ὁ γάμος (v.l. νυμφών q.v.) ἀνακειμένων the hall was filled w. guests Mt 22:10 (cp. Twentieth Century NT et al.). But the absence of any confirmatory usage suggests that this pass. might better be considered under 1a (Mft.: ‘The marriage-banquet was supplied w. guests’).—B. 98. DELG s.v. γαμέω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
20 θεοστυγής
θεοστυγής, ές quotable fr. earlier times only in the pass. sense ‘god-detested’ (Eur., Tro. 1213, Cycl. 396; 602; Soph., Inachus [POxy 2369]; Neophron TrGF I, 2, 4; Ath. 30, 1), then ‘godforsaken’. In the list of vices Ro 1:30 the act. mng. hating God seems preferable (ADebrunner, Griech. Wortbildungslehre, 1917, 52 §105). It is obviously act. in Ps.-Clemens, Hom. 1, 12 ἄδικοι κ. θεοστυγεῖς. The noun θεοστυγία 1 Cl 35:5 is also to be taken as act. In favor of the pass. sense: Goodsp. (‘abhorrent to God’); Mft. (‘loathed by God’); NRSV mg.; Lat. Vulg.; s. Rob 232.—CFritzsche (1836) on Ro 1:30. CCranfield, Ro (ICC) ad loc. (lit.). DELG s.v. στυγέω. TW.
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