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Jews

  • 1 Ἰουδαῖος

    Ἰουδαῖος, αία, αῖον (Clearchus, the pupil of Aristotle, Fgm. 6 [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 179]; Theophr., Fgm. 151 W. [WJaeger, Diokles v. Karystos ’38, 134–53: Theophrastus and the earliest Gk. report concerning the Judeans or Jews]; Hecataeus of Abdera [300 B.C.]: 264 Fgm. 25, 28, 2a Jac. [in Diod S 1, 28, 2] al.; Polyb.; Diod S; Strabo; Plut.; Epict. 1, 11, 12f, al.; Appian, Syr. 50 §252f, Mithrid. 106 §498, Bell. Civ. 2, 90 §380; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 13; Diog. L. 1, 9; OGI 73, 4; 74, 3; 726, 8; CIG 3418; CB I/2, 538 no. 399b τ. νόμον τῶν Εἰουδέων [on Ἰ. in ins s. RKraemer, HTR 82, ’89, 35–53]; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 55; 56 [both III B.C.]; 57 [II B.C.]; BGU 1079, 25 [41 A.D.]; PFay 123, 16 [100 A.D.]; POxy 1189, 9; LXX; TestSol; AscIs 2:7; EpArist; SibOr; Philo, Joseph., Ar., Just., Tat. For a variety of synonyms s. Schürer III 87–91.). Gener. as description of ‘one who identifies with beliefs, rites, and customs of adherents of Israel’s Mosaic and prophetic tradition’ (the standard term in the Mishnah is ‘Israelite’). (Since the term ‘Judaism’ suggests a monolithic entity that fails to take account of the many varieties of thought and social expression associated with such adherents, the calque or loanword ‘Judean’ is used in this and other entries where Ἰ. is treated. Complicating the semantic problem is the existence side by side of persons who had genealogy on their side and those who became proselytes [on the latter cp. Cass. Dio 37, 17, 1; 67, 14, 2; 68, 1, 2]; also of adherents of Moses who recognized Jesus as Messiah [s. Gal 2:13 in 2d below; s. also 2eα] and those who did not do so. Incalculable harm has been caused by simply glossing Ἰ. with ‘Jew’, for many readers or auditors of Bible translations do not practice the historical judgment necessary to distinguish between circumstances and events of an ancient time and contemporary ethnic-religious-social realities, with the result that anti-Judaism in the modern sense of the term is needlessly fostered through biblical texts.)
    ① pert. to being Judean (Jewish), with focus on adherence to Mosaic tradition, Judean, as a real adj. (Philo, In Flacc. 29; Jos., Ant. 10, 265) ἀνὴρ Ἰ. (1 Macc 2:23; 14:33) Judean Ac 10:28; 22:3. ἄνθρωπος 21:39. ἀρχιερεύς 19:14. ψευδοπροφήτης 13:6. ἐξορκισταί 19:13. γυνή (Jos., Ant. 11, 185) 16:1. χώρα Mk 1:5.—But γῆ J 3:22 is to be taken of Judea in the narrower sense (s. Ἰουδαία 1), and means the Judean countryside in contrast to the capital city. Of Drusilla, described as οὔσα Ἰουδαία being Judean or Jewish, but for the view that Ἰ. is here a noun s. 2b.
    ② one who is Judean (Jewish), with focus on adherence to Mosaic tradition, a Judean, Ἰουδαῖος as noun (so predom.). Since Jerusalem sets the standard for fidelity to Israel’s tradition, and since Jerusalem is located in Judea, Ἰ. frequently suggests conformity to Israel’s ancestral belief and practice. In turn, the geographical name provided outsiders with a term that applied to all, including followers of Jesus, who practiced customs variously associated with Judea (note the Roman perception Ac 18:15 [‘Judeans’ at Corinth]; 23:28).
    ⓐ (ὁ) Ἰ. Judean (w. respect to birth, nationality, or cult) J 3:25; (Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 57, 5 [II B.C.] παρʼ Ἰουδαίου=from a Judean) 4:9; 18:35; Ac 18:2, 24; 19:34; Ro 1:16; 2:9f, 17, 28f (on the ‘genuine’ Judean cp. Epict. 2, 9, 20f τῷ ὄντι Ἰουδαῖος … λόγῳ μὲν Ἰουδαῖοι, ἔργῳ δʼ ἄλλο τι); 10:12; Gal 2:14; 3:28; Col 3:11.—Collective sing. (Thu. 6, 78, 1 ὁ Ἀθηναῖος, ὁ Συρακόσιος; EpArist 13 ὁ Πέρσης; B-D-F §139; Rob. 408) Ro 3:1.
    ⓑ of Drusilla οὔσα Ἰουδαία being a Judean Ac 24:24, but for the simple adjectival sense s. 1 end.
    ⓒ (οἱ) Ἰουδαῖοι (on the use of the art. B-D-F §262, 1; 3) the Judeans οἱ Φαρισαῖοι κ. πάντες οἱ Ἰ. Mk 7:3; τὸ πάσχα τῶν Ἰ. J 2:13; cp. 5:1; 6:4; 7:2; ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰ. (Appian, Mithrid. 117 §573 Ἰουδαίων βασιλεὺς Ἀριστόβουλος) Mt 2:2; 27:11, 29 (in these three last pass., Ἰ. is used by non-Israelites; Mt’s preferred term is Ἰσραήλ); Mk 15:2 and oft. πόλις τῶν Ἰ. Lk 23:51; ἔθνος τῶν Ἰ. Ac 10:22; λαὸς τῶν Ἰ. 12:11. χώρα τῶν Ἰ. 10:39 (Just., A I, 34, 2; cp. A I, 32, 4 ἡ γῆ Ἰουδαίων). ἄρχων τῶν Ἰ. J 3:1; συναγωγὴ τῶν Ἰ. Ac 14:1a. Cp. J 2:6; 4:22; 18:20. Ἰ. καὶ Ἕλληνες (on the combination of the two words s. B-D-F §444, 2: w. τε … καί) Judeans and Hellenes Ac 14:1b; 18:4; 19:10; 20:21; 1 Cor 1:24; 10:32; 12:13; PtK 2 p. 15, 7; ἔθνη τε καὶ Ἰ.= non-Judeans and Judeans Ac 14:5; cp. ISm 1:2. Ἰ. τε καὶ προσήλυτοι Judeans and proselytes Ac 2:11; cp. 13:43; οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη Ἰ. the Judeans who live among the nations (in the Diaspora) 21:21. Judeans and non-Judeans as persecutors of Christians MPol 12:2; cp. also 13:1; 17:2; 18:1; 1 Th 2:14 (Polytheists, Jews, and Christians Ar. 2, 1).—Dg 1.—Without the art. (cp. 19:3 φαρισαῖοι) Mt 28:15, suggesting that not all ‘Judeans’ are meant, and without ref. to Israel, or Jews, as an entity.
    ⓓ a Mosaic adherent who identifies with Jesus Christ Judean Gal 2:13; cp. Ac 21:20 and eα below. On Rv 2:9; 3:9 s. Mussies 195.
    ⓔ in J Ἰουδαῖοι or ‘Judeans’ for the most part (for exceptions s. a and c) constitute two groups
    α. those who in various degrees identify with Jesus and his teaching J 8:52; 10:19–21; 11:45; 12:11 al.
    β. those who are in opposition to Jesus, with special focus on hostility emanating from leaders in Jerusalem, center of Israelite belief and cult; there is no indication that John uses the term in the general ethnic sense suggested in modern use of the word ‘Jew’, which covers diversities of belief and practice that were not envisaged by biblical writers, who concern themselves with intra-Judean (intra-Israelite) differences and conflicts: 1:19; 2:18, 20; 5:10, 15f; 6:41, 52 (a debate); 7:1, 11, 13; 9:18, 22; 10:24, 31, 33 (in contrast to the πολλοί from ‘beyond the Jordan’, 10:40–42, who are certainly Israelites) 11:8; 13:33; 18:14. S. Hdb. exc. on J 1:19 and, fr. another viewpoint, JBelser, TQ 84, 1902, 265ff; WLütgert, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 147ff, Schlatter Festschr. 1922, 137–48; GBoccaccini, Multiple Judaisms: BRev XI/1 ’95, 38–41, 46.—J 18:20 affirms that Jesus did not engage in sectarian activity. Further on anti-Judean feeling in J, s. EGraesser, NTS 11, ’64, 74–90; DHare, RSR, July, ’76, 15–22 (lit.); Hdb. exc. on J 1:19; BHHW II 906–11, 901f, 905.—LFeldman, Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World ’93.—MLowe, Who Were the Ἰουδαῖοι?: NovT 18, ’76, 101–30; idem Ἰουδαῖοι of the Apocrypha [NT]: NovT 23, ’81, 56–90; UvonWahlde, The Johannine ‘Jews’—A Critical Survey: NTS 28, ’82, 33–60; JAshton, ibid. 27, ’85, 40–75 (J).—For impact of Ἰουδαῖοι on gentiles s. ESmallwood, The Jews under Roman Rule fr. Pompey to Diocletian ’81; SCohen, Crossing the Boundary and Becoming a Jew: HTR 82, ’89, 13–33; PvanderHorst, NedTTs 43, ’89, 106–21 (c. 200 A.D.); PSchäfer, Judeophobia, Attitudes toward the Jews in the Ancient World ’97.—On the whole word s. Ἱσραήλ end. For Ἰουδαῖοι in ins s. SEG XXXIX, 1839. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Ἰουδαῖος

  • 2 πρεσβύτερος

    πρεσβύτερος, α, ον (Hom.+; comp. of πρέσβυς)
    ① pert. to being relatively advanced in age, older, old
    ⓐ of an individual person older of two ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρ. (cp. Aelian, VH 9, 42; TestJob 15:2 τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ; JosAs; Just., A II, 6, 1) Lk 15:25; of Manasseh (w. Ephraim) B 13:5. In contrast to the younger generation οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the older ones J 8:9. Opp. οἱ νεανίσκοι Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1). Opp. νεώτεροι (s. νεός 3aβ) 1 Ti 5:1 (similar advice, containing a contrast betw. πρ. and νεώτ., from ins and lit. in MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.); 1 Pt 5:5 (though here the πρεσβύτεροι are not only the older people, but at the same time, the ‘elders’; s. 2bβ). The same double mng. is found for πρεσβύτεροι in 1 Cl 1:3 beside νέοι, while in 3:3; 21:6, beside the same word, the concept of being old is the dominant one (as Jos., C. Ap. 2, 206). On the disputed pass. Hv 3, 1, 8 (οἱ νεανίσκοι … οἱ πρεσβύτεροι) cp. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.—Fem. πρεσβυτέρα old(er) woman (opp. νεωτέρα, as Gen 19:31) 1 Ti 5:2.—With no ref. to younger persons, w. complete disappearance of the comparative aspect: πρεσβύτερος an old man (Jos., Ant. 13, 226; 292 [as a witness of events in the past, as Ps.-Pla., Virt. 3, 377b; 4, 377c]) Hv 3, 12, 2; cp. 3, 11, 3. The personified church is called λίαν πρεσβυτέρα very old 3, 10, 3; cp. 3, 11, 2. She appears as ἡ πρ. the elderly woman 2, 1, 3; 3, 1, 2; 3, 10, 6; 9 and has τὰς τρίχας πρεσβυτέρας the hair of an old woman 3, 10, 4; 5; 3, 12, 1.
    ⓑ of a period of time (Petosiris, Fgm. 3 and 4 mention οἱ πρεσβύτεροι and οἱ νεώτεροι. In both instances the context shows that the reference is to astrologers from earlier and more recent times) οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the men of old, our ancestors Hb 11:2. ἡ παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων the tradition of the ancients (cp. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 253 τῶν π. συγγράμματα) Mt 15:2; Mk 7:3, 5 (ELohse, D. Ordination im Spätjudentum u. NT, ’51, 50–56: scholars).
    ② an official (cp. Lat. senator), elder, presbyter
    ⓐ among the Jews (the congregation of a synagogue in Jerusalem used πρεσβύτεροι to denote its officers before 70 A.D.: SEG VIII, 170, 9; cp. Dssm., LO 378–80 [LAE 439–41]).
    α. for members of local councils in individual cities (cp. Josh 20:4; Ruth 4:2; 2 Esdr 10:14; Jdth 8:10; 10:6) Lk 7:3; 1 Cl 55:4.—Schürer II, 185.
    β. for members of a group in the Sanhedrin (Schürer II, 206–8; JJeremias, Jerusalem z. Zt. Jesu II B 1: Die gesellschaftl. Oberschicht 1929, 88ff). They are mentioned together w. (the) other groups: ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:5 has ἄρχοντες for this), γραμματεῖς, πρεσβύτεροι (the order is not always the same) Mt 16:21; 26:3 v.l.; 27:41; Mk 8:31; 11:27; 14:43, 53; 15:1; Lk 9:22; 20:1.—Only ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:8 has for this ἄρχοντες τοῦ λαοῦ) and πρεσβύτεροι (τοῦ λαοῦ: cp. Ex 19:7; Num 11:16b, 24; 1 Macc 7:33; 12:35; Just., D. 40, 4 al.) Mt 21:23; 26:3, 47, 59 v.l.; 27:1, 3, 12, 20; 28:(11), 12; Lk 22:52 (here, as an exception, οἱ στρατηγοὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ); Ac 4:23; 23:14; 25:15; cp. 24:1. Also οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς GPt 7:25 (for this combination cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 83; 12, 406).—Only πρεσβύτεροι and γραμματεῖς Mt 26:57; Ac 6:12.—The use of πρεσβύτερος as a title among the Jews of the Diaspora appears quite late, except for the allusions in the LXX (cp. Schürer III/1, 102; MAMA III [Cilicia], 344; 448 [cp. ZNW 31, ’32, 313f]. Whether πρεσβύτερος is to be understood in the older Roman inscriptions [CIJ 378] as a title [so CIJ p. lxxxvi], remains doubtful).
    ⓑ among the Christians (for their use of the word as a title one must bear in mind not only the Jewish custom, but also its use as a t.t. among the ἔθνη, in connection w. associations of the ‘old ones’ [FPoland, Geschichte des griech. Vereinswesens 1909, 98ff] and to designate civic as well as religious officials [Dssm., B 153ff=BS 154–57, NB 60ff=BS 233–35, also LO 315, 5; HHausschildt, ZNW 4, 1903, 235ff; MStrack, ibid. 213ff; HLietzmann, ZWT 55, 1914, 116–32 [=Kl. Schr. I ’58, 156–69]; MDibelius, exc. on 1 Ti 5:17ff; RAlastair-Campbell, The Elders, Seniority within Earliest Christianity ’94.].—BGU 16, 6 [159 A.D.] πρεσβύτεροι ἱερεῖς θεοῦ Σοκνοπαίου; 347, 6; PVindBosw 1, 31 [87 A.D.].—As honorary title: Iren. 4, 26, 5 [Harv. II 238, 3]. The Engl. word ‘priest’ comes fr. πρεσβύτερος via Lat. presbyter; later Christian usage is largely, if not entirely, responsible for this development; s. OED s.v. ‘priest’ B).
    α. Ac 11:30; 14:23; 15:2, 4, 6, 22f; 16:4 (in all the places in Ac 15 and 16 mention is made of οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι in the Jerusalem church); 20:17; 21:18; 1 Ti 5:17, 19 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 103a Jac. νεωτέρῳ πρεσβυτέρου καταμαρτυρεῖν οὐκ ἔξεστι); Tit 1:5; Js 5:14; 1 Pt 5:1, 5 (s. 1a above); 1 Cl 44:5; 47:6; 54:2; 57:1. WWrede, Untersuchungen zum 1 Cl 1891, 8ff.—Acc. to 2 Cl 17:3, 5 exhortation and preaching in the church services were among their duties.—In Ign. the πρεσβύτεροι come after the bishop, to whom they are subordinate IMg 2; 3:1; 6:1, or betw. the bishop and the deacons IPhld inscr.; 10:2; IPol 6:1, or the higher rank of the bishop in comparison to them is made plain in some other way ITr 3:1; 12:2 (s. πρεσβυτέριον b; cp. Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 22).—Polycarp—an ἐπίσκοπος, accord. to the title of the Ep. bearing his name—groups himself w. πρεσβύτεροι in Pol inscr., and further takes the presence of presbyters in Philippi for granted (beside deacons, though no ἐπίσκοπος is mentioned; cp. Hdb. on Pol inscr.) Pol 5:3.
    β. Just how we are to understand the words ὁ πρεσβύτερος, applied to himself by the author of the two smallest Johannine letters 2J 1; 3J 1, remains in doubt. But in any case it is meant to indicate a position of great dignity the elder.—HWindisch, exc. on 3J, end; ESchwartz, Über den Tod der Söhne Zebedaei 1904, 47; 51; HWendt, ZNW 23, 1924, 19; EKäsemann, ZTK 48, ’51, 292–311; DWatson, NTS 35, ’89, 104–30, rhetorical analysis of 2J.—ὁ πρ. and οἱ πρ. are mentioned by Papias in these much-discussed passages: 2:3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15. For some of the lit. s. the note on JKleist’s transl. ’48, p. 207 n. 18.
    γ. In Rv there are 24 elders sitting on thrones about the throne of God; they form a heavenly council of elders (cp. Is 24:23) 4:4, 10; 5:5–14; 7:11, 13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4. The elders have been understood as glorified human beings of some kind or astral deities (or angels) (for the var. views s. RCharles, ICC Rv I 128–33; JMichl, D. 24 Ältesten in d. Apk. d. hl. J. ’38); the number 24 has been referred to the following: the 24 priestly classes of the Jews (1 Ch 24:7–18; Jos., Ant. 7, 365–67) whose heads were called ‘elders’ (Yoma 1, 5; Tamid 1, 1; Middoth 1, 8); the 24 stars which, according to Babylonian belief, stood half on the north and half on the south of the zodiac (Diod S 2, 31, 4; POsl 4, 19: HGunkel, Z. religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 42f; Boll 35f); the 24 hours of the day, represented as old men w. shining garments and w. crowns (acc. to the Test. of Adam [ed. CBezold, TNöldeke Festschr. 1906, 893–912]: JWellhausen, Analyse der Offb. Joh. 1907, p. 9, 1; NMorosof, Offb. Joh. 1912, 32); the 24 Yazatas in the state of the gods in heaven, acc. to Persian thought (Bousset). It is certainly an open question whether, or how far, the writer of Rv had any of these things in mind.—On the presbyters, and esp. on the question how ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος were originally related to each other (a question which is raised particularly in the pastorals; cp. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. after 1 Ti 3:7 section 2 [w. lit.] and before 5:17), s. the lit. s.v. ἐπίσκοπος.—BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 188–97; WMichaelis, Das Ältestenamt ’53; GBornkamm, πρεσβύτερος; RCampbell, The Elders ’94.—B. 1472. DELG s.v. πρέσβυς. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πρεσβύτερος

  • 3 ἀπεχθῶς

    D0-0-0-0-2=2 3 Mc 5,3; Wis 19,15
    hatefully Wis 19,15
    ἀπεχθῶς ἔχοντας πρὸς τοὺς Ιουδαίους those hating the Jews, those that were hateful towards the Jews 3 Mc 5,3

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ἀπεχθῶς

  • 4 διασπορά,-ᾶς

    + ἡ N 1 2-0-3-3-4=12 Dt 28,25; 30,4; Is 49,6; Jer 15,7; 41(34),17
    scattering, dispersion (of the Jews among the gentiles) Jdt 5,19; the dispersed (Jews among the gentiles)
    Ps 146(147),2
    *DnLXX 12,2 εἰς διασποράν to dispersion corr. εἰς διαφθοράν to corruption, cpr. Jer 13,14, or-⋄דרא Aram.? for MT לדראון to abhorrence, horror?; *Dt 28,25 ἐν διασπορᾷ in dispersion-⋄זרע (זרוע Aram. sowing) for MT זעוה/ל as a horror, see also Jer 41(34),17, cpr. Jer 15,7, 24,9; *Jer 15,7 ἐν διασπορᾷ in dispersion-⋄זרה? for MT מזרה/ב (winnow) with a pitchfork, cpr. Dt 28,25, Jer 41(34),17
    neol.; see διασκορπισμός
    Cf. ALFRINK 1959 367-368(Dn 12,2); SEELIGMANN 1948, 112-113; VAN UNNIK 1993, 69-88; →TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > διασπορά,-ᾶς

  • 5 Κυρηναῖος

    Κυρηναῖος, ου, ὁ (s. next entry; Hdt. et al.; OGI 767, 31; Michel 897, 26; PPetr I, 16 [1], 3; 22 [1], 3; 2 Macc 2:23; Joseph.) a Cyrenian (s. Κυρήνη) with the article Ac 13:1 (Socrates, Ep. 28, 1 Θεόδωρος ὁ Κ.; Athen. 7, 14 p. 281c). Without the article Mk 15:21; Lk 23:26 (Diod S 11, 84, 1 Πολύμναστος Κυρηναῖος).—Adj. ἄνθρωπος Κ. Mt 27:32. ἄνδρες Κ. Ac 11:20. In Jerusalem the Cyrenian Jews had a synagogue, either for themselves alone, or together w. other Jews of the Diaspora 6:9 (Schürer II 428; III 60f).—BZimolong, BZ 21, ’33, 184–88; EBishop, ET 51, ’39/40, 148–53; WBarclay, ET 72, ’60, 28–31.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Κυρηναῖος

  • 6 Ἀντιόχεια

    Ἀντιόχεια, ας, ἡ (lit., ins, Joseph., SibOr) Antioch.
    ① A. on the Orontes, the largest city in Syria (Jos., Ant. 16, 148), capital of the Seleucid Empire, later seat of the Rom. legate. Many Jews lived there (Jos., Bell. 7, 43; Just., A I, 26, 4). Of the origin of the Christian community in A. we know only what is reported in Ac 11:19–26. Paul labored there Ac 13:1; 14:26; 15:22ff; 18:22, and had a difference of opinion w. Peter Gal 2:11. Ignatius, superintendent (bishop) of the church there, mentions the city IPhld 10:1; ISm 11:1; IPol 7:1.—OMüller, Antiquitates Antiochenae 1839; TMommsen, Röm. Gesch. V 456ff; RFörster, A. am Orontes: Jahrb. d. K. D. Arch. Inst. 12, 1897, 103–49; HLeclerq, Antioche: DAC I 2359–427; KBauer, A. in der ältesten Kirchengesch. 1919; HDieckmann, Antiochien 1920; KPieper, A. am Orontes im ap. Zeitalter: ThGl 22, 1930, 710–28; VSchultze, Antiocheia 1930; LEnfrey, Antioche 1930; CKraeling, The Jewish Commun. at Antioch: JBL 51, ’32, 130–60; MTenney, BiblSacra 107, ’50, 298–310; JKollwitz, RAC I ’50, 461–69; GDowney, A History of Antioch in Syria from Seleucus to the Arab Conquest, ’61; WMeeks/RWilcken, Jews and Christians in Antioch in the First Four Centuries of the Common Era ’78; RBrown/JMeier, Antioch and Rome ’83; Schürer index.
    ② Pisidian A. (Strabo 12, 8, 14; Pliny the Elder, NH 5, 94; OGI 536, 2), belonging to the province of Galatia, seat of the civil and military administration in S. Galatia. Visited several times by Paul Ac 13:14; 14:19, 21; 2 Ti 3:11.—Ramsay, Bearing 282ff; WCalder, JRS 2, 1912, 79–109; PGaechter, Petrus u. seine Zeit, ’58, 155–212; Schürer III 32.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Ἀντιόχεια

  • 7 ἐκεῖνος

    ἐκεῖνος, η, ο demonstr. pron. (Hom.+) pert. to an entity mentioned or understood and viewed as relatively remote in the discourse setting, that person, that thing, that (‘that over there’; opp. οὗτος ‘this’)
    ⓐ abs.
    α. denoting contrast to another entity Lk 18:14 (Just., A I, 43, 2, D. 85, 1). τοῦτο ἢ ἐκεῖνο this or that Js 4:15. ἡμῖν … ἐκείνοις Mt 13:11; Mk 4:11; cp. 2 Cor 8:14. ἐκεῖνον … ἐμέ J 3:30. ἐκεῖνοι … ἡμεῖς 1 Cor 9:25; Hb 12:25; 1J 4:17. ἄλλοι … ἐκεῖνος J 9:9. Opp. a certain pers.: Jesus Mk 16:19f; the Judeans J 2:20f et al.
    β. referring back to and resuming a word immediately preceding, oft. weakened to he, she, it (X., An. 4, 3, 20; Just., D. 1, 3 al.) Mk 16:10f. Esp. oft. so in J: 5:37; 8:44; 10:6; 11:29; 12:48; 13:6 v.l.; 14:21, 26; 16:14 al. Hence 19:35 perh. the eyewitness (just mentioned) is meant, who then, to be sure, would be vouching for his own credibility and love of the truth (s. aγ).—Interchanging w. αὐτός (cp. Thu. 1, 32, 5; X., Cyr. 4, 5, 20; Lysias 14, 28; Kühner-G. I 649) ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα under the spell of his will 2 Ti 2:26. ἐκεῖνος for ἀυτός Lk 9:34 v.l.; 23:12 v.l. Used to produce greater emphasis: ἐκεῖνον λαβών take that one Mt 17:27; cp. J 5:43. τῇ ἐκείνου χάριτι by his grace Tit 3:7. Sim. after a participial subj. (X., Cyr. 6, 2, 33 ὁ γὰρ λόγχην ἀκονῶν, ἐκεῖνος καὶ τὴν ψυχήν τι παρακονᾷ=the one who sharpens his spear, he is the one who sharpens his inner self) τὸ ἐκπορευόμενον ἐκεῖνο κοινοῖ Mk 7:20. ὁ πέμψας ἐκεῖνος J 1:33; cp 5:37 v.l. (for αὐτός) ὁ ποιήσας με ὑγιῆ ἐκεῖνος 5:11. ὁ λαλῶν ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν 9:37. ὁ εἰσερχόμενος ἐκεῖνος κλέπτης ἐστίν 10:1. τῷ λογιζομένῳ … ἐκείνῳ κοινόν Ro 14:14 al.
    γ. w. ref. to well-known or notorious personalities (Just., A I, 4 ὡς ἐκεῖνος [Πλάτων] ἔφη; Kühner-G. I 650; Arrian, Periplus 1, 1 ὁ Ξενοφῶν ἐκεῖνος) Jesus (cp. Mel., P. 80, 593 σὺ ἐχόρευες, ἐκεῖνος δὲ ἐθάπτετο): J 7:11; 9:12, 28; 1J 2:6; 3:3, 5, 7, 16; 4:17. The ἐ. J 19:35 appears to refer to ὁ ἑωρακώς, the eyewitness mentioned at the beginning of the vs. (Some scholars refer to the Johannine writer [cp. Jos., Bell. 3, 7, 16–202], who allegedly seeks to corroborate another’s statement, and support has been offered in the use of ἐ. in indirect discourse in which speakers refer to themselves as ἐ. [Isaeus 8, 22a; Polyb. 3, 44, 10; 12, 16, 5] on the ground that the narrator of the 4th Gospel could no more use the I-form than could the speaker in indirect discourse. But contexts of the passages cited contain some indication of the referent. Some refer to Jesus [Erasmus, Zahn; ESchwartz, NGG 1907, 361; Lagrange; others cited RBrown, comm. ad loc.—Acc. to Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 255, as well as Aristoxenus, Fgm. 33 p. 17, 3 οἱ Πυθαγόρειοι παρʼ ἐκείνου μαθόντες, the Pythagoreans called their master after his death simply ἐκεῖνος]. Yet how much more clearly this idea might have been conveyed in J by simply using ὁ κύριος!). S. FBlass, StKr 75, 1902, 128–33.—W. an unfavorable connotation (Themistocles, Ep. 16 p. 755, 14; 27; Lucian, Pereg. 13 of Jesus; Julian, Letter 60 p. 379a of the Christians; Just., D. 67, 2 of Jews by Hellenes) of the Jews B 2:9; 3:6; 4:6; 8:7 al.
    δ. w. relative foll. (cp. Just., D. 128, 4 ἀναλυόμενοι εἰς ἐκεῖνο ἐξ οὗπερ γεγόνασιν): ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ᾧ ἐγὼ βάψω J 13:26. ἐκεῖνον … ὑπὲρ οὗ Ro 14:15. ἐκείνης ἀφʼ ἧς Hb 11:15. W. ὅτι foll. (Ael. Aristid. 39 p. 747 D.; Just., A I, 19, 5) Mt 24:43.
    ⓑ used w. nouns
    α. to differentiate pers. or things already named, fr. others: τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ that (particular) house Mt 7:25; cp. vs. 27. τῇ πόλει ἐκείνῃ that city (just mentioned) 10:15; 18:32; Mk 3:24f; Lk 6:48f; J 18:15; Ac 1:19; 3:23 (Dt 18:19); 8:8; 14:21; 16:3 and oft. (cp. Just., D. 4, 2 αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου τοῦ βασιλικοῦ νοῦ μέρος ‘a portion of that same governing mind’).
    β. of time
    א. of the past, when the time cannot (or is not to) be given w. exactness: ἐν τ. ἡμέραις ἐκείναις in those days (Ex 2:11; Judg 18:1; 1 Km 28:1; Jdth 1:5; PsSol 17:44; 18:6; AscIs 3, 20; 23; 27) Mt 3:1, cp. 24:38; Mk 1:9; 8:1; Lk 2:1. Of a definite period (1 Macc 1:11; 9:24; 11:20) Lk 4:2; 9:36.
    ב. of the future (ἐκείνη ἡ ἡμέρα; Plut., Gai. Marc. 231 [35, 6]; Epict. 3, 17, 4; Ael. Aristid. 19, 8 K.=41 p. 765 D.) Mt 24:22ab, 29; ἐν ἐκ. τ. ἡμέραις 24:19; Ac 2:18 (Jo 3:2); Rv 9:6. Also in sg. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τ. ἡμέρᾳ (Jdth 11:15) Lk 17:31; J 16:23, 26; AcPlCor 2:32; esp. of God’s climactic judgment day Mt 7:22; Lk 6:23; 10:12; 2 Th 1:10; 2 Ti 1:12, 18; cp. Rv 16:14 v.l. ὁ αἰὼν ἐ. (opp. αἰὼν οὗτος) the age to come Lk 20:35 (s. αἰών 2b).
    ג. of a period ascertainable fr. the context Mt 13:1; Mk 4:35; J 1:39 (Jos., Ant. 7, 134 μεῖναι τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην) al. ἀπʼ ἐκείνης τ. ἡμέρας (Jos., Bell. 4, 318, Ant. 7, 382; Mel. HE 4, 26, 3 ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις) Mt 22:46. κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἐ. at that time Ac 19:23. κατʼ ἐ. τὸν καιρόν (Jos., Ant. 1, 171 al.; Just., A I, 26, 3 al.: κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ, D. 103, 3 ἐκείνου τοῦ καιροῦ) 12:1. ἐν ἐ. τῇ ὥρᾳ Rv 11:13.
    ⓒ For ἐκείνης, the adverbial gen. of ἐκεῖνος, s. the preceding entry.—IndogF 19, 1906, 83ff. S. κἀκεῖνος. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐκεῖνος

  • 8 Ἑβραῖος

    Ἑβραῖος, ου, ὁ (W-H. Ἐβ.; s. their Introd.2 §408; B-D-F §39, 3) ‘a Hebrew’ (Paus. 1, 5, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 71; Plut.; Porphyr., Vi. Pyth. 11; Sallust. 9 p. 18, 17; Damasc., Vi. Isidori 56 ὁ Ἑβραίων θεός; 141; PGM 4, 3019, corresp. to what Jews oft. called themselves; LXX; TestSol 6:8; JosAs 1:7; ch. 11 cod. A and Pal. 364 [p. 54, 6 Bat.]; Ezk. Trag., Philo, Joseph., SibOr; TestJos 12:2; 3; ins [exx. in Schürer III 97, 29]; συναγωγὴ Ἑβραίων s. on συναγωγή 2a; MDibelius, Hdb.2 on Phil 3:5 exc.; Just., D. 1, 3)
    ① ethnic name for an Israelite, Hebrew in contrast to other nations (in this sense Eus. applies the term Ἑβρ. to such Jews as Philo [Eus., HE 2, 4, 2] and Aristobulus [PE 8, 8, 56/Holladay T 11 (10) p. 123] who spoke Gk. and were Gk. scholars; s. the Jew. grave-ins in Rome and Lydia: Ltzm., Hdb.3 on 2 Cor 11:22 exc.; MAMA III, 32; Just., D. 1, 3) 2 Cor 11:22; Phil 3:5 (on these pass. s. 2). The word prob. has this mng. in the title πρὸς Ἑβρ. of Hb, as well as in the name of the GHb in the old orig. Gk. in Clem. Al. and Origen (Kl. T. 83, p. 7, 2; 12; note on ln. 8; cp. p. 5, 9f; 18; 22; 11, 25f) τὸ καθʼ Ἑβραίους εὐαγγέλιον. Papias (2:17). The author of GJs 6:1; 7:2; 18:1 compares Palestinian and Egyptian conditions (deStrycker 147, n. 2).
    ② Hebrew-/Aramaic-speaking Israelite in contrast to a Gk.-speaking Israelite, Hebrew-speaking Israelite (s. Ἑλληνισταί; GWetter, ARW 21, 1922, 410ff; Haenchen) Ac 6:1 in contrast to Gk.-speaking Israelites (Philo, Conf. Ling. 129, makes a difference betw. Ἑβρ. and ἡμεῖς, who speak Gk. [Congr. Erud. Grat. 43f]). Windisch proposes that Paul emphasizes his fluency in his ancestral language 2 Cor 11:22; Phil 3:5 (s. 1).—S. on Ἰσραήλ, end. HKosmala, Hebräer-Essener-Christen ’59; MHengel, ZTK 72, ’75. 151–206.—M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > Ἑβραῖος

  • 9 ἀποικεσία

    -ας ἡ N 1 0-3-0-4-1=8 2 Kgs 19,25; 24,15; 25,27; Ezr 6,16.19
    captivity, exile 2 Kgs 24,15
    *2 Kgs 19,25 ἀποικεσιῶν Jews in exile-⋄גלה for MT גלים stone heaps
    neol.
    Cf. WALTERS 1973 277(2 Kgs 19,25)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ἀποικεσία

  • 10 βάρβαρος

    -ος,-ον + A 0-0-1-1-5=7 Ez 21,36; Ps 113(114),1; 2 Mc 2,21; 4,25; 5,22
    barbarous, foreign Ps 113(114),1; Greek (used by Jews) 2 Mc 2,21; savage 2 Mc 4,25
    → NIDNTT; TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > βάρβαρος

  • 11 ἔθνος

    -ους + τό N 3 151-78-348-157-269=1003 Gn 10,5(bis).20.31.32(bis)
    stereotypical rendition of גוי; nation, people Gn 10,5; non-Jews, Gentiles Ps 2,1; the Jewish nation
    (spoken of by Gentiles) 2 Mc 11,25
    *Nm 24,7 ἐθνῶν nations-עמים for MT מים water; *Is 33,8 ἐθνῶν peoples-עמים for MT ערים cities; *Na 3,3 ἔθνεσιν αὐτῆς to her nations-ה(י)גוי/ל גוי for MT גויה/ל גו to the corpse; *Prv 26,3 ἔθνει for a nation-גוי/ל for MT גו/ל for the back; *Prv 30,31 ἔθνει nation-ָעם for
    MT ִעם with
    see λαός
    Cf. HARL 1986a, 47.58-59; MONSENGWO PASINYA 1980, 366; NESTLE 1895, 288-290; →NIDNTT; TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ἔθνος

  • 12 ἰουδαΐζω

    + V 0-0-0-1-0=1 Est 8,17

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ἰουδαΐζω

  • 13 καταλαμβάνω

    + V 13-31-19-20-43=126 Gn 19,19; 31,23.25; 44,4; Ex 15,9
    A: to take, lay hold of [τι] Jgs 7,24; to take, to overtake [τινα] (of God) Jb 5,13; to overtake, to befall [τινα] (of evil) Gn 19,19; to overtake [τινα] (often after a pursuit) Gn 31,23; to reach [τινα] (of men reaching God) Mi 6,6; to overtake, to take hold of [τινα] (of sin; metaph.) Ps 39(40),13; to lay hold of, to come over, to overtake [τινα] (of feelings; metaph.) Ps 68(69),25; to take prisoner [τινα] 2 Chr 25,23; to take, to capture [τι] (of city) 2 Sm 12,26
    to comprehend, to understand [τι] Jb 34,24, cpr. DnLXX 1,20
    to find sb doing [τινα +pred.] 1 Ezr 6,8; to detect, to catch in the act of doing (esp. of the detection of adultery) [τινα] SusLXX 58, see also Jer 3,8 (double transl. of the Hebr.)
    M: to seize, to lay hold on [τι] Prv 1,13; to overtake, to take hold of [τινα] (of sin) Jdt 11,11; to take, to capture [τι] (of city) Nm 21,32; to occupy, to keep [τι] 1 Mc 11,46
    P: to be taken, to be stolen Ex 22,3; to be apprehended, to be taken hold of Prv 2,19; to be detected Ob 6;
    κατέλαβον τὸν Μανασση ἐν δεσμοῖς they took Manasseh in bonds, they captured Manasseh 2 Chr 33,11; τοῦ φιλίαν καταλαβέσθαι τοῖς Ιουδαίοις to form friendship with the Jews 1 Mc 10,23; καταλάβωσιν τρίβους εὐθείας they comprehend, they understand the paths of life Prv 2,19; κατειλημμένη ἐν ἀγῶνι θανάτου seized by the agony of death Est 4,17k; καταλήμψεται ὁ ἀλοητὸς τὸν τρύγητον the threshingtime shall over-take the vintage Lv 26,5; οἳ κατελάβοσαν τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν who convicted your fathers Zech 1,6 *2 Chr 9,20 χρυσίῳ κατειλημμένα with gold, stolen? corr.? χρυσίῳ κατακεκλεισμένα for MT סגור זהב covered with gold, of pure gold, cpr. 1 Kgs 6,20; *Jer 28(51),34 κατέλαβέν με he came upon me-יגנישׂי? for MT יציגני he put me away
    Cf. MARGOLIS, M. 1906a=1972 77; →LSJ Suppl (2 Chr 9,20)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > καταλαμβάνω

  • 14 κύων, κυνός

    + ὁ N 3/ἡ 3-19-4-10-6=42 Ex 11,7; 22,30; Dt 23,19; Jgs 7,5
    dog Ex 11,7; id. (as derogatory term for non-Jews) Ps 21(22),17; male prostitute Dt 23,19
    →LSJ Suppl(Dt 23,19); LSJ RSuppl

    Lust (λαγνεία) > κύων, κυνός

  • 15 ὄχλος

    -ου + ὁ N 2 1-5-9-15-25=55 Nm 20,20; Jos 6,13(bis); 2 Sm 15,22; 1 Kgs 21(20),13
    crowd, host, multitude Nm 20,20; army, troop 1 Mc 1,17; population (as distinct from the Jews) BelLXX 30
    οἱ ὄχλοι the peoples (syn. of λαοί and ἔθνη) DnLXX 3,4
    *Jer 39(32),24 ὄχλος crowd corr.? ὁ χοῦς the soil heaped up, rampart for MT סללות ramparts
    Cf. JOÜON 1937, 618-619; ROST 1967, 112-118; →NIDNTT; TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ὄχλος

  • 16 προσήλυτος

    -ου + ὁ N 2 64-7-11-2-1=85 Ex 12,48.49; 20,10; 22,20(bis)
    one who has come near (to live as an immigrant); immigrant, resident alien, stranger Ez 22,7 (stereotypical rendition of גר); immigrant in Israel (proselyte?) Nm 9,14; immigrant (the Jews in Egypt) Ex 22,20; neol.; see ἐπήλυτος, πάροικος
    Cf. ALLEN, W. 1894, 264-275; BITTER 1982 16-30.296.332; DORIVAL 1994 158.274.333; LE BOULLUEC
    1989 51-52.87.154; LEE, J. 1980b, 112(n.27); LOADER 1973, 270-277; MURAOKA 1986a, 260-261; TOV
    1976b, 537-539; WEVERS 1995, 248; →NIDNTT; TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > προσήλυτος

  • 17 βάρβαρος

    A barbarous, i.e. non-Greek, foreign, not in Hom. (but cf. βαρβαρόφωνος)

    ; β. ψυχαί Heraclit.107

    ; esp. as Subst. βάρβαροι, οἱ, originally all non-Greek-speaking peoples, then specially of the Medes and Persians, A.Pers. 255, Hdt.1.58, etc.: generally, opp. Ἕλληνες, Pl.Plt. 262d, cf. Th.1.3, Arist.Pol. 1252b5, Str.14.2.28;

    βαρβάρων Ἕλληνας ἄρχειν εἰκός E.IA 1400

    ;

    β. καὶ δοῦλον ταὐτὸ φύσει Arist.Pol. 1252b9

    ; οἱ β. δουλικώτεροι τὰ ἤθη φύσει τῶν Ἑλλήνων ib. 1285a20; β. πόλεμον war with the barbarians, Th.2.36 codd.; ἡ βάρβαρος (sc. γῆ), opp. αἱ Ἑλληνίδες πόλεις, Th.2.97, cf.A.Pers. 187, X.An.5.5.16. Adv. -ρως, opp. Ἑλληνικῶς, Porph.Abst.3.3.
    2 esp. of language,

    φωνὴ β. A.Ag. 1051

    , Pl.Prt. 341c;

    γλῶσσα β. S.Aj. 1263

    , cf. Hdt.2.57, Str. l. c. supr., etc.; συλλραφαί Hippias 6 D.; of birds, Ar.Av. 199. Adv., βαρβάρως, ὠνόμασται have foreign names, Str.10.3.17.
    3 Gramm., of bad Greek, Gell.5.20.5; τὸ β., of style, opp. Ἑλληνικόν, S.E.M.1.64.
    II after the Persian war, brutal, rude,

    ἀμαθὴς καὶ β. Ar.Nu. 492

    ;

    τὸ τῆς φύσεως β. καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθρόν D.21.150

    ;

    σκαιὸς καὶ β. τὸν τρόπον Id.26.17

    ;

    β. ἀνηλεής τε Men.Epit. 477

    : [comp] Comp.

    - ώτερος X.

     Eph.2.4: [comp] Sup.,

    πάντων βαρβαρώτατος θεῶν Ar.Av. 1573

    , cf. Th.8.98, X.An.5.4.34.
    III used by Jews of Greeks, LXX2 Ma.2.21.
    IV name for various plasters, Androm. and Herasap.Gal.13.555. (Onomatopoeic acc. to Str.14.2.28.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βάρβαρος

  • 18 κόφινος

    A basket, acc. to AB 102 less [dialect] Att. than ἄρριχος, found in Ar.Av. 1310, Fr. 349, Pl.Com.41, X.Mem.3.8.6, IG22.1672.65, Thphr.Char.4.11, PPetr.3p.312 (iii B. C.); in later times used specially by Jews, Juv. 3.14, 6.542, cf. Ev.Matt.16.9.
    II Boeotian measure, containing nine Attic choenices, i.e. about two gallons,

    κ. σίτου IG7.2712.65

    , cf. Stratt.13, Arist.HA 629a13, Hsch.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κόφινος

  • 19 κράσπεδον

    A edge, border, skirt, esp. of cloth, Theoc.2.53; of the fringe or tassel worn by Jews, Ev.Matt.9.20: mostly in pl., ἄκροισι λαίφους κρασπέδοις (v.

    ἄκρος 1.2b

    ) E.Med. 524;

    κράσπεδα στεμμάτων Ar. V. 475

    , cf. Diph.43.30;

    χρυσᾶ κ. Chamael.

     ap. Ath.9.374a, Chrysipp.Stoic.3.36, 37.
    2 metaph., mostly in pl., skirts or edge of a country, S.Fr. 602, E.Fr. 381; of a mountain, X.HG4.6.8; πρὸς κρασπέδοισι στρατοπέδου on the skirts of the army, E.Supp. 661;

    τοὺς πελταστὰς ἐπὶ τὰ κ. ἑκατέρωθεν καθίστασθαι X.HG3.2.16

    : also in sg.,

    Τιμολέοντα ὥσπερ ἐκ κ. τινὸς λεπτοῦ τῆς πολίχνης τῇ Σικελίᾳ προσηρτημένον Plu. Tim.11

    ;

    κ. αἰγιαλοῦ AP7.78

     (Dionys. Cyzic.).
    3 Medic., affection of the uvula, fimbria, Aret.SA1.8.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κράσπεδον

  • 20 λαός

    λᾱός, ὁ, [dialect] Ion. [full] ληός Hippon.88, Hdt.5.42 (
    A v.l. λαόν, which is in all Mss. in 4.148), cj. in Mimn.14.9; [dialect] Att. [full] λεώς, which is also used in Hdt.1.22, 8.136, while the form λαός is sts. used in Trag., and once or twice even in Com. (v. infr. 1.3): also in Inscrr. and Pap. (v. infr.) and in late Prose, as Foed.Byz. ap. Plb.4.52.7 (pl.), Str.14.4.3 (pl.), Plu.2.1096b, etc. (both forms in pr. nn.,

    Λεωβώτης Hdt.7.204

    ,

    Λαβώτας X.HG1.2.18

    , etc.).
    1 in Il., λαός ([etym.] λαοί) usu. means men, i.e. soldiers, both of the whole army and smaller divisions,

    κριτὸς ἔγρετο λ. Ἀχαιῶν 7.434

    ;

    λαὸν ἀγείρειν 16.129

    ;

    πολὺν ὤλεσα λαόν 2.115

    : pl., ἅμα τῷ γε.. ἄριστοι λ. ἕποντ' ib. 578;

    στίχες ἀσπιστάων λ. 4.91

    ; periphr., στρατὸς λαῶν ib.76;

    λαῶν ἔθνος 13.495

    ; mostly including both foot and horse, as 2.809; but sts. λαός denotes foot, as opp. horse, 7.342; also, a land army, opp. a fleet, 4.76, 9.424, 10.14; also, the common men, opp. their leaders, 2.365, 13.108; but
    2 in Od., λαοί, more rarely λαός, almost always means men or people; as subjects of a prince, e.g. 3.214, 305, al. ( λαοί is sts. so used in Il., e.g. 17.226, 24.611; λαοὶ ἀγροιῶται country- folk, 11.676; work-people, 17.390); of sailors, Od.14.248; so after Hom., ναυτικὸς λεώς seafaring folk, A.Pers. 383;

    πᾶς ὁ χειρῶναξ λεώς S.Fr. 844

    ;

    ὁ γεωργικὸς λεώς Ar. Pax 920

     (lyr.): in sg., slave, τὸν Εὐρυσθέως λεών, of Heracles, Hecat.23 J.; and so perh.

    λεὼς αὔτοικος GDI5533e

     ([place name] Zeleia): more generally, μέροπες λαοί, i.e. mankind, A.Supp.90 (lyr.); λ. ἐγχώριοι the natives, ib. 517, cf. Od.6.194; esp. in Egypt, of the fellahin, PRev.Laws42.11-16 (iii B. C.), PSI4.380.5 (iii B. C.), etc.; civil population, opp. priests and soldiers, OGI90.12 (Rosetta, ii B. C.), cf. 225.8 (Milet., iii B. C.), al.
    3 people assembled, as in the theatre,

    ὁ πολὺς λαῶν ὄχλος Ar.Ra. 676

    , cf. 219 (both lyr.); esp. in the Ecclesia,

    αἱ στίχες τῶν λαῶν Id.Eq. 163

    : hence the phrase ἀκούετε λεῴ hear O people!—the usual way of beginning proclamations at Athens, like our Oyez! Sus.1.1, Ar. Pax 551, Av. 448; τιμῶσιν οἱ πάντες λεῴ ib. 1275;

    δεῦρ' ἴτε, πάντες λεῴ Arist.Fr. 384

    ;

    Ἀττικὸς λεώς A.Eu. 681

    ; ὁ πολὺς λεώς the multitude, Pl.R. 458d, etc.
    4 in LXX, of the people, as opp. priests and Levites, 1 Es.5.46; in NT, of Jews, opp. Gentiles, Ev.Matt.2.6, Ev.Luc.2.10, al., cf. SIG1247 (Jewish tombstones); of Christians, opp. heathen, Act.Ap.15.14, al.
    II a people, i.e. all who are called by one name, first in Pi.,

    Δωριεῖ λαῷ O.8.30

    ;

    Λυδῶν δὲ λαὸς καὶ Φρυγῶν A.Pers. 770

    ;

    ξύμπας Ἀχαιῶν λαός S.Ph. 1243

    , cf. OT 144, etc.; ἱππόται λαοί, i.e. the Thessalians, Pi. P.4.153, cf. 9.54, N.1.17. (The resemblance between λαός people and λᾶος stone (cf. λᾶας ) is implied in Il.24.611 λαοὺς δὲ λίθους ποίησε Κρονίων (in the story of Niobe); and so Pi. explains the word from the legend of Deucalion, O.9.46, cf. Epich.122, Apollod.1.7.2; but cf. Philoch.12.) (From λᾱϝ-, as shown by the pr.names

    Λαϝοπτόλεμος GDI3151

    , ϝιόλαϝος ib.3132 ([place name] Corinth): hence prob. λήϊτον.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λαός

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