κέκαυκα

καίω

kindle: perf ind act 1st sg

καίω, [dialect] Att. [full] κάω [pron. full] [ᾱ], [tense] impf.

A

ἔκαιον Od.9.553

, [dialect] Att. ἔκᾱον, [dialect] Ep.

καῖον Il. 21.343

: [tense] fut.

καύσω X.Cyr.5.4.21

, ([etym.] ἐπι-) Pl.Com.186.4, ([etym.] κατα-) Ar. Lys. 1218; also

καύσομαι Id.Pl. 1054

: [tense] aor. 1

ἔκαυσα Id. Pax 1088

, Th. 7.80 (bis), Pl.Grg. 456b, etc.; [dialect] Ep. ἔκηα (certain [voice] Act. and [voice] Med. forms have κει- in codd. of Hom., v. infr.),

ἔκηα Il.1.40

, al.; [ per.] 3sg. ἔκηε ([etym.] ν) 22.170, 24.34, al.; unaugm.

κῆεν 21.349

; [ per.] 3pl. ἔκηαν (v.l. ἔκειαν) Od.22.336; imper.

κεῖον 21.176

codd.; [ per.] 1pl. subj.

κείομεν Il.7.333

([pref] κατα-), 377, 396 (better attested than κήομεν); opt. κήαι, κήαιεν, 21.336, 24.38; inf.

κῆαι Od.15.97

(v.l. κεῖαι)

, κατα-κῆαι 10.533

, 11.46, κακκῆαι ib.74 (v.l. κακκεῖαι); part.

κείαντες 9.231

, 13.26, [dialect] Att.

κέαντες A.Ag. 849

, S.El. 757, ([etym.] ἐκ-) E.Rh.97,

ἐκκέας Ar. Pax 1133

(lyr.),

ἐγκέαντι IG12.374.96

,261: [tense] pf. κέκαυκα ([etym.] κατα-, προς-) X.HG6.5.37, Alex.124.3:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐκαυσάμην ([etym.] ἀν-) Hdt.1.202, 8.19; [dialect] Ep. κείαντο, κειάμενοι, Il.9.88, 234;

κειάμενος Od.16.2

, 23.51:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

καυθήσομαι Hp.Nat.Mul. 107

, ([etym.] κατα-, ἐκ-) Ar.Nu. 1505, Pl.R. 362a; late

κᾰήσομαι 1 Ep.Cor.3.15

: [tense] aor. 1

ἐκαύθην Hp.Epid.4.4

, Int. 28, ([etym.] κατ-) Hdt.1.19, Th.3.74; [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.[tense] aor. 2 ἐκάην [pron. full] [ᾰ] Il.9.212 ([etym.] κατ-), Od.12.13, ([etym.] δί-) Hp.Loc.Hom.40, ([etym.] κατ-) Hdt.2.180; inf.

καήμεναι Il.

<*>3.210,

καῆναι Parth.9.8

: [tense] pf.

κέκαυμαι E.Cyc. 457

, Th.4.34, etc.,

κέκαυσμαι Hp.Int.28

; inf.

κεκαῦσθαι Arist.Mete. 343a9

. (From κᾰϝ-yw.)

I kindle,

πυρὰ πολλά Il.9.77

;

πῦρ κείαντες Od.9.231

;

πῦρ κῆαι 15.97

, etc.:—[voice] Med., πῦρ κείαντο they lighted them a fire, Il.9.88, cf. 234, Od.16.2:—[voice] Pass., to be lighted, burn,

πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο Il.1.52

;

θεείου καιομένοιο 8.135

;

καιομένοιο πυρός 19.376

, cf. Hdt.1.86, Ar.V. 1372, etc.;

φῶς πυρὸς καόμενον Pl.R. 514b

; αἱ φλόγες αἱ καιόμεναι.. περὶ τὸν οὐρανόν the meteors which blaze, Arist.Mete. 341b2; of ore, to be smelted, Id.HA 552b10.

II set on fire, burn, μηρία, ὀστέα, Od.9.553, Hes.Th. 557;

νεκρούς Il.21.343

; δένδρεα ib. 338:—[voice] Pass.,

νηυσὶν καιομένῃσιν 9.602

.

2 make hot, of the sun,

ἀνθρώπους Hdt.3.104

: abs., ibid., Pl.Cra. 413b; [ Χείμαρρος]

ἠελίῳ κεκαυμένος

smelted,

AP9.277

(Antiphil.).

3 of extreme cold,

ἡ Χιὼν καίει τῶν κυνῶν τὰς ῥῖνας X.Cyn.8.2

, cf. 6.26 ([voice] Pass.);

κάειν λέγεται.. τὸ ψυχρόν, οὐχ ὡς τὸ θερμόν Arist.Mete. 382b8

.

4 [voice] Pass., of fever-heat,

τὰ ἐντὸς ἐκάετο Th.2.49

: metaph., of passion, esp. of love, to be on fire,

ἐν φρασὶ καιομένα Pi.P.4.219

;

κάομαι τὴν καρδίαν Ar.Lys.9

;

ἔρως.. ὕβρει καόμενος Pl.Lg. 783a

; καίεσθαί τινος (sc. ἔρωτι) Hermesian.7.37, Charito 4.6, cf. Parth.14.2; also καομένη Ἑλλάς Greece being in a fever of excitement, Lys.33.7.

5 suffer from inflammation,

ἐκαύθη ἔσω Hp.Epid.4.20

, cf. 4.

III burn and destroy (in war), τέμνειν καὶ κ., κ. καὶ πορθεῖν, waste with fire and sword, X.HG4.2.15, 6.5.27.

IV of surgeons, cauterize,

ὤμους Hp.Art.11

:—in [voice] Pass., Id.Aph.6.60: abs., τέμνειν καὶ κάειν to use knife and cautery, Pl.Grg. 480c, 521e, X.An.5.8.18, etc.: rarely reversed,

κέαντες ἢ τεμόντες A.Ag. 849

.

V burn or bake pottery, κανθάρους dub. in Phryn.Com.15.

κατακαίω, [dialect] Att. [suff] καταιτι-κάω [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Ep. inf.

A

κατακαιέμεν Il.7.408

: [tense] fut.

- καύσω Ar.Lys. 1218

: [tense] aor.

κατέκαυσα Th.7.25

; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.

κατέκηε Il.6.418

; [ per.] 1pl. subj. κατακήομεν (v.l. -κείομεν) Il.7.333; inf.

κατακῆαι Od.11.46

, κακκῆαι ib.74 (v.l. -κεῖαι): [tense] pf.

- κέκαυκα X.HG6.5.37

, Phld. Acad.Ind.p.69M.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

- καυθήσομαι Ar.Nu. 1505

,

- καήσομαι 1 Ep.Cor.3.15

: [tense] aor. κατεκαύθην (the [dialect] Att. form) Hdt.4.69, 6.101,

κατεκάην Id.1.51

, 2.107; [dialect] Lacon. inf.

- καῆμεν Plu.Lyc.20

; - εκαύσθην Chron.Lind.D.41: [tense] pf.

- κέκαυμαι And.1.108

:— burn completely, in Hom. of sacrifices and dead bodies,

κατακήομεν αὐτούς Il.7.333

;

μιν κατέκηε σὺν ἔντεσι 6.418

; κ. τοὺς μάντιας burn them alive, Hdt. 4.69;

ζῶντα κατακαυθῆναι Id.1.86

, cf. 2.107; of cities and houses, etc.,

κατὰ μὲν ἔκαυσαν.. πόλιν Id.8.33

;

κατεκαίετο ὁ ἐν Δελφοῖσι νηός Id.1.50

; [ οἰκίη]

κατεκάη Id.4.79

;

κατακαυθέντων ἱρῶν Id.6.101

;

τείχη -κεκαυμένα And.

l.c.; γῆ κατακεκαυμένη burnt earth, Arist. Mete. 358a14; Κατακεκαυμένη, name of the upper valley of the Hermus, in Lydia, Str.13.4.11, cf. κατακεκαυμενίτης; of the fingers, to be burnt with hot food, Porph.Abst.4.15; also

κ. τὴν κοιλίαν PMagd.33.4

(iii B.C.).

2 of hot winds, parch,

τὰ ἐκ τῆς γῆς PHib.1.27.73

(iii B.C.), al.

3 metaph.,

ὁ ἔρως ἐμέ.. κατακέκαυκεν Lyr.Alex.Adesp.8

(c):—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ στόματα -κάεται ἐπὶ τέχνην Anaxandr. 33.6

;

- καίομαι καταλελειμμένη Lyr.Alex.Adesp.1.24

.

II [voice] Pass., of fire, κατὰ πῦρ ἐκάη had burnt down, burnt out, Il.9.212.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `kindle', midd. pass. `burn' (Il.).

Other forms: Att. κάω, aor. καῦσαι, ep. (also Att. inscr. IG 1², 374, 96; 261) κῆαι, pass. καῆναι (ep. ion.), καυθῆναι, fut. καύσω, perf. κέκαυκα, κέκαυ(σ)μαι (IA.),

Dialectal forms: Myc. apu-kekaumeno; pukawo \/ purkawos\/

Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπο-,

Derivatives: -1. καῦμα `fire, heat, glow' (Il.) with καυματ-ώδης (Hp., Arist.), - ηρός (Str.), - ίας (Thphr.; of the sun) `burning, glowing', καυματίζω `burn, singe' (NT, Plu., Arr.). - 2. καῦσις ( ἔγκαυσις etc.) `burning' (IA.) with ( ἐγ-, κατα-)καύσιμος `inflamable' (Pl., X.; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 49f.). - 3. καῦσος m. `causus, bilious remittent fever etc.' (Hp., Arist.), from καῦσαι or rather with σο-suffix (Solmsen Wortforsch. 244, Strömberg Wortstudien 87f., Schwyzer 516); from there καυσία `Macedonian hat against the sun', καύσων `id.', also `heat, hot wind etc.' (LXX, NT, medic.; cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207 n. 13), καυσώδης `burning, hot' (Hp., Thphr.), καυσόομαι, - όω `have causus, burn: heaten' (medic., NT, pap.) with καύσωμα `heating' (Gal.). - 4. καυ(σ)τήρ m. `burner, burning iron' (Pi., Hp.), f. fen. καυστειρῆς adjunct of μάχης (Il.), καμίνου (Nic.), from *καύστειρα (Schwyzer 474, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 192; note the switching accent); καυτήριον `branding iron, brand' (LXX, D. S., Str.), dimin. καυτηρίδιον (Gal.), denomin. verb καυτηριάζω `brand' (Str., NT). - 5. καύστης m. `heater etc.' (pap.). - 6. καύστρᾱ f. `place where corpses were burnt' (Str., inscr.). - 7. καυστικός, rare καυτ- `burning, inflamable' (Arist.). - 8. καυθμός `scorching (of trees), firewood' (Thphr., pap.). - Of the compp., e. g. ἔγκαυ-μα, - σις, -( σ)τής, - στήριον, - στον (\> Lat. encaustum; the red purple with which the Roman emperors signed, from where Fr. encre); ὑπόκαυ-σις, - στης, - στήριον, -στρᾱ a. u. - Beside these formations there are older ones, of which the connection with καίω became less clear because of phonetic developments: κᾶλον `wood', κηλέος `burning, blazing', κηώδης, κηώεις `smelling', κηυα meaning uncertain; πυρκαιᾱ́, πυρκαίη, adj. - ιός s. vv.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [595] * keh₂u- `burn'

Etymology: As καίω may stand for *κάϜ-ι̯ω (from where Att. κά̄ω; Schwyzer 265f.), all forms go back on καυ-, κᾰϜ- except ἔ-κη-α for *ἔ-κηϜ-α (often written with false - ει- in κείαντο etc.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 9; Att. κέαντος with metathesis). In *ἔ-κηϜ-α an old fullgrade root aorist is maintained (Schwyzer 745; prob. not from *ἔ-κηυ-σ-α); the full grade also in ep. κηλέος, κηώδης, and in Delph. κηυα, which shows a PGr. κηϜ- beside κᾰϜ-. - Only Baltic gives a possible connection in Lith. kū̃lės `Brandpilze, Flugbrand, Staubbrand des Getreides', kūlé̇ti `brandig werden', Latv. kũla `old, dry, grass of last year' (cf. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); IE. zero grade kū- (\< * kuH-) beside fullgr. * keh₂us- in ἔ-κηϜ-α, zero grade *kh₂u̯- in *κάϜ-ι̯ω, καῦ-μα. Of course rather unncertain.

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