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101 على
عَلَى \ against: touching (usually sth. upright): The rain beat against the window. He pressed his nose against the glass. on: showing where sb. or sth. is placed: He lay on his back on the bed. The picture hung on a nail on the wall. Your name is on the list. He hit me on the nose. The boat is on the river (in the water). The house is on the river (beside the water), as in the previous meaning, but with movement (often with to) He jumped on (to) his horse. The book fell on (to) the floor. onto: on to: He sprang onto the table. over: lying across; resting on; covering: A cloud was over the sun. She spread a cloth over the table, across the surface of Ships sail over the sea, above (in rank, etc.) He rules over a proud people, about; concerning They quarrelled over the resutl of the race. You need not hurry over your dinner. upon: on. \ عَلَى \ on shore, ashore: on dry land; not on the sea; on or to the shore: Sailors are unhappy ashore. We swam ashore from the boat. \ See Also نَحْوَ البَرّ، اليابسة (اليَابِسَة) \ عَلَى \ ashore: on or to the shore: Sailors are unhappy ashore. We swam ashore from the boat. on shore, ashore: on dry land; not on the sea. \ See Also نَحْوَ الشّاطِئ \ عَلَى اتِّصَال (عكس مُنْقَطع عن) \ in touch: (the opposite is out of touch) giving or receiving news: I’ve been in touch with my brother by telephone. The radio keeps us in touch with world events. \ عَلَى أتَمّ ما يكُون من التَّرتيب والهِنْدام \ spick and span: (as a predic. phrase) neat, clean and bright: Sailors usually keep their boats spick and span. \ عَلَى الأَثير \ on the air: being sent out on the radio or television. \ عَلَى أَحْسَن وَجْه \ best, well, better: in the best way: Peter played best last week. \ عَلَى أرْبَع \ on all fours: on hands and knees: She went down on all fours to look for the needle. \ عَلَى الأرض \ over: from an upright (or straight) position to a flat (or bent) position: I fell over. He knocked me over. She bent over to pick it up. \ عَلَى استعداد \ content: willing: I’m content to wait for my turn. \ عَلَى أشُدِّه \ in full swing: (of an activity) at its highest point; very busy: The party was in full swing when I arrived. \ عَلَى الإطلاق \ little: (coming just before the verb) not at all: I little knew (or Little did I know) that next day he would be dead. not in the least: not at all: It doesn’t matter in the least. whatever: at all: I have no money whatever. whatsoever: a strong form of whatever; at all: Tell him nothing whatsoever!. \ عَلَى الأَغْلَب \ for the most part: mostly: He is old and for the most part he stays at home. \ عَلَى أَقْصَى ما تستطيع رؤيتَه \ in the distance: far away (from the point where one is): In the distance he could see the mountains. \ عَلَى الأَقَلّ \ a good: (with numbers) at least: He lives a good 3 miles away. at least: (showing that sth. is true, necessary, etc., even if sth. else is not) in spite of what has just been said or is just going to be said: He may be lazy but at least he’s honest. You can at least be polite even if you don’t like him, not less than It cost at least $100. quite: at least; not less than: The journey took quite three hours. \ عَلَى الأَكثَر \ largely: mostly: The accident was largely his own fault. mainly: chiefly; mostly. \ عَلَى انفِراد \ private: (only in the phrase in private) privately; where nobody can hear except those concerned: May I speak to you in private. \ عَلَى أُهْبَة الاستعداد \ stand by: to be ready, in case one may be needed: The soldiers were told to stand by. \ عَلَى أَيّ حال \ anyhow: in any case: I don’t really need this; anyhow, it costs too much. anyway: in any case: I may be late; anyway, don’t wait for me, in any case I don’t really need this; anyhow, it costs too much. at all events, in any event: in any case; whatever may happen or has happened: He didn’t win but, at all events, he did try hard. at any rate: at least; in any case: He wasn’t there; at any rate, I don’t think he was. I may not succeed; but I’ll try, at any rate. in any case: no matter what else may be considered, anyhow: It costs too much. In any case, I don’t really need it. \ عَلَى أيَّة حال \ all the same, at the same time: (only at the start of a sentence; comparing points that are for and against) in spite of this: He’s not clever; all the same, he does try hard. however: all the same; in spite of what has just been said: I’m very tired; however, I’ll come and help you. \ عَلَى بُعد \ away: at a distance: Brighton is 60 miles away. Keep away from the wet paint. beyond: further; on or to the farther side: I looked across the river to the hills beyond. \ عَلَى التَّخْصِيص \ in particular: especially: I enjoyed his first song in particular. \ عَلَى التَّوَالي \ respectively: separately, in that order: Boys and girls will be examined on Monday and Tuesday respectively (the boys on Monday, the girls on Tuesday). \ عَلَى جَانِب \ up: along (up and down are both used like this, although the course may be quite level): He lives just up the road. \ عَلَى الجميع \ round: to everyone: He handed the coffee round. There were not enough cups to go round. \ عَلَى حَدٍّ \ as far as, so far as: (showing a limit): As far as I know, he’s not here. \ عَلَى حَدٍّ سَواء \ alike: in the same way: He treats us all alike. \ عَلَى حَدِّ عِلْمي \ to the best knowledge: as far as I know: To the best of my knowledge, he is honest (I have no reason to doubt his honesty). \ عَلَى حِدَة \ private: (only in the phrase in private) privately; where nobody can hear except those concerned: May I speak to you in private?. separate: not joined or shared; apart: Keep the new milk separate from the old. \ عَلَى حَقّ (مُحِقّ) \ be in the right: not be at fault: Although they said she’d made a mistake, they discovered she was in the right. \ عَلَى حِين غِرَّة \ all of a sudden: in a sudden manner. suddenly: in a sudden manner: The door opened suddenly. \ عَلَى خَطَأ \ in the wrong: mistaken (in one’s judgement, behaviour etc.). \ عَلَى الدَّوام \ always: at all times. \ عَلَى رؤوس الأصابِع \ on tiptoe: on the tips of one’s toes: I can reach that if I stand on tiptoe. \ عَلَى الرّاجح \ likely: (usu. with very, most, more or quite) probably: She’s very likely right. \ عَلَى الرُّغْم مِن \ despite: in spite of: Despite his age, the old man walks several miles every day. for all: in spite of: For all his strength, he could not lift it. much as: although: Much as I admire him, I could not work with him. spite, in spite of: (of sth. that fails) even with: In spite of his efforts, he could not save her life, without regard to; not caring about (a difficulty) In spite of his illness, he attended the ceremony. \ عَلَى الرُّغْم مِنْ أَنَّ \ although: in spite of the fact that; (without a verb) in spite of being: Although (he was) ill, he went to work. \ عَلَى الرُّغْم من ذلك \ even so: in spite of that: He may be foolish; even so, you should help him. just the same: (showing one thing that is not the natural result of another) in spite of this: He’s a thief, but I like him just the same. nevertheless: in spite of that: I told him it would be dangerous, but nevertheless he did it. still: in spite of that: We rarely win; but still, we enjoy playing. \ عَلَى سَبيل المِثال \ for instance: as an example: He’s often late. Yesterday, for instance, he came home after midnight. \ عَلَى السَّطح كلِّه \ over: (esp. with all) across a surface: The table was wet all over. He rubbed it over with a dry cloth. \ عَلَى سَوِيَّة \ level: equal in height or position: His eyes were level with my shoulder. I soon drew level with the leading runner. \ عَلَى سَوِيَّة \ flush: exactly on a level with; not sticking out from; meeting exactly at the edges: The door is flush with the wall when it is closed. \ See Also مستوى (مُسْتَوًى) \ عَلَى سَوِيَّة واحدة \ even: equal: The table legs were not of even length. He shared the money evenly among them. \ عَلَى شاكِلَة \ like: the same as: What is he like (in appearance and character)? He’s just like his father., What does it feel (or look or taste or smell or sound) like?. in the same way as:: He swims like a fish. \ عَلَى شَرْط \ provide (that), also providing (that): if; on condition that: I’ll go, provided (that) you’ll go too. \ عَلَى شَفَا \ on the brink of: close to (sth. dangerous or exciting): on the brink of war. on the point of doing sth.: starting to do sth.: I was on the point of telephoning you, when I got your letter. on one’s last legs: (of a person or thing) not expected to last much longer; worn out; almost in ruins: That company is on its last legs. on the verge of: close to: She was on the verge of tears. \ See Also شفير (الموت أو الإفلاس، إلخ)، عَلى وَشْك \ عَلَى صَهْوَةِ الجَوَاد \ on horseback: on a horse: He travelled on horseback. \ عَلَى ضِغْن \ grudgingly: unwillingly. \ See Also على غير رَغْبَة \ عَلَى طُولِ \ along: following the line of: He ran along the road. down: along (without regard to level): We raced down the street. My friend lives just down the road. \ عَلَى ظَهْر \ on deck: on an uncovered deck, in the open air. \ See Also سَطْح السفينة \ عَلَى ظَهْر الحِصان \ on horseback: on a horse: He travelled on horseback. \ عَلَى ظَهْر السَّفينة \ on board: on (or on to) a ship or aeroplane: There are 70 men on board. Can I go on board the aircraft?. \ عَلَى ظَهْر الصَّفْحَة \ overleaf: on the back of the page: Please fill in this paper, and sign your name overleaf. \ عَلَى عَرْض \ across: over; from one side to the other of: He ran across the street. There is a bridge across the stream. \ عَلَى العَكْس \ on the contrary: (expressing disagreement) the opposite is true: It’s not worn out - on the contrary, it’s quite new. \ عَلَى عِلْم بِـ \ familiar with: knowing; accustomed to: I’m not familiar with English law. \ عَلَى عُلُوّ \ high: (in compounds) to the height of: The grass was waist-high. \ عَلَى الغالِب \ probably: almost certainly; with little doubt: You’re probably right. \ عَلَى غَيْر انتظار \ surprisingly: unexpectedly: a surprisingly good result. \ عَلَى غَيْر رَغْبَة \ grudgingly: unwillingly. \ عَلَى غَيْر هُدًى \ adrift: (of boats) loose; floating about with no control: Our ship was wrecked and we were left adrift in a small boat on the ocean. \ عَلَى فَتَرات مُنْتَظِمة \ periodically: from time to time. \ عَلَى فَرض أنّ \ (conj.) supposing: if: Supposing he’s late, shall we wait for him? Even supposing the lorry comes, it will still be too late. \ عَلَى الفِطْرة \ na]ve: too simple to be sensible; lacking wisdom and experience: a na]ve question; a na]ve young girl. \ عَلَى فِكْرَة \ by the way: used to show that the speaker is about to change the subject: Thank you for your help. By the way, would you like to come to our party next week?. \ عَلَى الفَوْر \ directly: at once: He arrived directly after me. instantly: at once. off-hand: without thought or preparation: I can’t say off-hand what it cost, but it was over $1000. \ عَلَى قافية واحدة \ rhyme: (of word endings) to have the same sound: ‘Consideration’ rhymes with ‘nation’, ‘Port’ rhymes with ‘thought’. ‘Pleasure’ rhymes with ‘measure’ but not with ‘pressure’. \ عَلَى قَدْر \ according to: in the proper way for; depending on: Each man was paid according to his skill. \ عَلَى قَدَم وَسَاق \ in full swing: (of an activity) at its highest point; very busy: The party was in full swing when I arrived. \ عَلَى قَيْد الحَيَاة \ alive: living: He was buried alive when part of a cliff fell on him. \ عَلَى كُلّ حال \ at any rate: at least; in any case: He wasn’t there; at any rate, I don’t think he was. I may not succeed; but I’ll try, at any rate. \ عَلَى مَا يَبْدُو \ apparently: it seems (from what people say): I thought she was 15, but apparently is older. \ عَلَى ما يَصِل إليه عِلْمي \ to the best of my knowledge: as far as I know: To the best of my knowledge, my son has never met her. \ See Also على مَبْلَغ علمي \ عَلَى المَدَى الطَّويل \ in the long run: after a period of time; in the end: It’ll be cheaper in the long run to buy good quality shoes. \ عَلَى مسؤوليَّته الشخصيّة \ at one’s own risk: agreeing that any troube will be one’s own fault: The bridge is unsafe but you can cross it at your own risk. \ عَلَى مسافة قريبة مِن \ off: a short distance from: an island off the English coast. \ عَلَى مُسْتَوًى \ level: equal in height or position: His eyes were level with my shoulder. \ عَلَى مِصْرَاعَيْه (فَتَحَ الباب) \ wide: (with open) fully: open the door wide. Leave it wide open. \ عَلَى نَحْو مماثِل \ similarly: in the same way: They were similarly dressed. \ عَلَى نَسَق \ on the lines of: in the general form of: We’re planning some sports on the lines of the Olympic Games, but for schoolboys only. \ عَلَى نَفْس الوَتيرة \ even: (of movement) regular; steady: Her heart was not beating evenly. \ عَلَى نَوبات \ fits and starts: in short bursts; starting and stopping: The engine only goes in fits and starts. \ See Also فترات \ عَلَى هذا المُعَدَّل \ at that rate: if those conditions continue: He keeps stopping for a rest; at that rate, he won’t finish the job today. \ عَلَى هذا النَّحْو \ so: in this way; in that way: Don’t shout so!. thus: in this way. \ عَلَى الهَوَاء \ on the air: being sent out on the radio or television. \ عَلَى وَتِيرَة واحدة \ monotonous: (of a voice, a job, a way of life, etc.) dull, never changing and therefore uninteresting. \ عَلَى وَجْهٍ \ unusually: (with an adj.) very; strangely: It is unusually cold in here today. \ See Also بشكل غير عاديّ \ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّقْريب \ roughly: (with numbers and amounts) not exactly; about: roughly 50 trees; roughly a mile away. \ عَلَى وَجْهِ الخُصُوص \ particularly: especially: a particularly nasty smell. \ عَلَى الوَجهِ الصحيح \ duly: properly; as expected: The bill was duly paid. The train duly arrived. \ عَلَى وَجْهِ العُمُوم \ in general: in most cases: Men in general are taller than women. \ عَلَى وَجْهٍ ما \ somehow: in some way or other, by some means or other: I’ll pay for it somehow, even if I have to ask someone to lend me the money. \ عَلَى وَجْهٍ مُسْتَهْجَن \ oddly: strangely: She behaved very oddly last night. \ عَلَى مِقْدار عِلْمي \ for all I know: as far as I know: For all I know, you may have stolen this. \ عَلَى مَقْرُبةٍ \ near: close to, in position: His house is near my own. \ عَلَى مَقرُبة مِن \ about: around; near There’s a lot of illness about. I went out early, when no one was about (when no one else was out). \ عَلَى مَهْل \ leisurely: without haste: He likes a leisurely walk in the evening. \ عَلَى نَحْو أسوأ \ worse: more bad; more badly: Murder is worse than stealing. It is a worse crime. You write even worse than I do. \ عَلَى نَحْوٍ أَفْضَل \ better, well, best: in a better way: He drives better than I do. \ عَلَى نَحْو تامّ \ strictly: exactly: Strictly speaking (If I tell you the exact truth) this ticket is out of date; but I’ll let you travel with it. \ See Also كامل (كامِل) \ عَلَى نَحْو خَطير \ badly: seriously: He was badly wounded. \ عَلَى نَحْو رَخْو \ loosely: in a loose way: a loosely tied knot. \ See Also غير مُحْكَم \ عَلَى نَحْو رَدِيء \ badly: in a bad manner: badly dressed; badly made. \ عَلَى نَحْو صارم \ strictly: very firmly: Smoking in this cinema is strictly forbidden. \ See Also دَقيق \ عَلَى نَحْو صَحيح \ right: correctly: You guessed right. \ عَلَى نَحْو صَحيح \ rightly: justly; correctly: You acted rightly. \ See Also ملائم (مُلائم) \ عَلَى نَحْوٍ كَامِل \ absolutely: without conditions: You must agree absolutely and not to try to change matters later. \ عَلَى نَحو مألوف \ ordinarily: usually. \ عَلَى نَحْو مُرْضٍ \ well: (the adv. form of the adj. good; see better, best) in a good and pleasing way: Well done! You played very well. \ عَلَى نَحْو مُلحّ \ badly: (with need, want) very much: They need money badly. \ عَلَى وَشْك \ on the point of doing sth.: starting to do sth.: I was on the point of telephoning you, when I got your letter. \ عَلَى وَشْك أَنْ \ be about to do sth.: to be ready to do it; be just going to do it: I was about to go when he arrived. on the verge of: close to: She was on the verge of tears. \ عَلَى يَد (مِن قِبَل) \ by: (showing who or what did sth.): He was bitten by a dog. \ عَلَى اليدين والرِّجلين \ on all fours: on hands and knees: She went down on all fours to look for the needle. -
102 DRAGA
* * *I)(dreg; dró, drógum; dreginn), v.1) to draw, drag, pull;draga heim viðinn, to drag the logs home;draga árar, to pull the oars;absol., drógu þeir skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them;draga boga, to draw the bow;draga segl, to hoist sails (= draga upp segl);draga fisk, to catch, pull up fish with a line;draga kvernstein, to turn the millstone, to grind;við ramman mun reip at draga, it will be pulling a rope against a strong man, i. e. it will be a difficult task;2) to draw, inhale (draga úþefjan með nösum);draga nasir af e-u, to smell a thing;draga öndina, to breathe, live;3) to procure, earn, gain (þegar hann hafði fé dregit sem hann vildi);draga e-m e-t, to procure (or get) one a thing (eigi sögðust þeir vita, at hann drœgi Haraldi ríki);4) to employ as a measure (draga kvarða við viðmál);5) to prolong protract (dvalir þessar drógu tímann);6) to delay, put off, defer;vil ek þessi svör ekki láta draga fyrir mér lengi, I will not wait long for these answers;hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge;7) to delineate, draw a picture (var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli);í þann tíma sem hann dregr klæðaföllin (the folds);8) to trim or line garments (treyjan var dregin útan ok innan við rauða silki);with dat., hjálmr hans var dreginn leiri (overlaid with clay), er áðr var (dreginn) gulli;9) intrans to move, draw;drógu þeir þeim svá nær (came so near to them), at;10) with preps.:draga föt, skóklædi af e-m, to pull off one’s clothes, shoes;draga hring af hendi sér, to take off a ring from one’s hand;dró hann þá grunninu, he pulled them off the shallow;draga e-t af e-u, to draw, derive from a source;draga e-t af, to take off (Þ. hafði látit af draga brúna);draga e-t af við e-n, to keep back, withhold, from one;man héðan af eigi af dregit við oss, henceforth we shall no be neglected, stinted;Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself;draga vél at e-m, to draw wiles around one;draga spott, skaup, at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule;draga at lið, föng, to collect troops, stores;dró at honum sóttin, the illness drew closer to him, he grew worse;impers., dró at mætti hans, dró at um matt hans, his strength declined (fell off);til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew near;þá er dregr at jólum, when Yule drew near;dró at því (the time drew near). at hann væri banvænn;tók þá at draga fast at heyjum hans, his stock of hay was rapidly diminishing;svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd, þorsta, I am so overcome by old age, hunger, thirst;nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, that thou art sinking fast;draga hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand;draga (grun) á e-t, to suspect;draga á vetr, to rear through the winter (Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið);impers., dregr á tunglit, the moon is obscured (= dregr myrkr á tunglit);dimmu þykkir draga á ráðit Odds, it looks as if a cloud was drawing over Odds’ affairs;dregr á gleði biskups, the bishop’s gladness was obscured;draga eptir e-m, to gain on one (Þórarinn sótti ákaft róðrinn ok hans menn, ok drógu skjótt eptir þeim Steinólfi ok Kjallaki);draga eptir e-m um e-t, to approach one, to be nearly equal to one, in a thing;um margar íþróttir (in many accomplishments) dró hann fast eptir Ólafi konungi;draga e-t fram, to produce, bring forward (draga fram athugasamlig dœmi); to further, promote (draga fram hlut e-s);draga fram kaupeyri sinn, to make money;draga fram skip, to launch a ship;impers., dregr frá, (cloud darkness) is drawn off;hratt stundum fyrir, en stundum dró frá, (clouds) drew sometimes over, sometimes off;dregr fyrir sól, tungl, the sun, moon is obscured by clouds or eclipse (tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir);ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar, when showers began to gather;draga e-ð saman, to collect, gather (draga lið, her, skip saman);impers., saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain;saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together;dregr þá saman or dregr saman með þeim, the distance between them grows less;draga e-t í sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin (vil ek eigi draga í sundr sættir yðrar);impers., dregr þá í sundr or dregr í sundr með þeim, the distance between them increases;draga e-n til e-s, to move, prompt, induce;engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, it is not from wantonness that I undertake this journey;slíkt dregr hann til vinsældar, this furthers his popularity;ef hann drógi ekki til, if he was not concerned;draga e-t til dœmis um e-t, to adduce as a proof of;hann hét at draga allt til sætta (to do everything in his power for reconciliation) með þeim Skota konungi;impers., nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out for the worse;with dat., þat samband þeirra, er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will prove fatal to both of them;at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that much mischief would arise from this bargain;dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began all over again;svá er þat, segir R., ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforesceen thing happens;draga e-t undan e-m, to seek to deprive one of a thing (þeir hafa bundizt í því at draga bœndr undan þér);draga e-t undan, to delay (drógu Skotar undan sættina);hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín? why dost thou put off inviting me to come?;draga rót undan (tölu), to extract the root;draga undan e-m, to escape from one (nú lægir seglin þeirra ok draga þeir undan oss);impers., hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape;lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little chance of drawing out of thy reach;draga e-t undir sik, to apropriate or take fraudulently to oneself (hafði dregit undir sik finnskattinn);impers., dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you came in for hard uasge but we escaped;draga upp skip, to drag a ship ashore;draga upp segl, to hoist a sail (sails);draga upp fisk, to pull up fish with a line;impers., þoku dregr upp, fog is coming on;11) refl., dragast.f. only in pl. ‘drögur’,2) metric term, repetition, anadiplosis (when a stanza begins with the last word of the preceding one).* * *pret. dró, pl. drógu; part. dreginn; pres. dreg: pret. subj. drægi: [Lat. trahere; Ulf. dragan, but only once or twice, = επισωρεύειν in 2 Tim. iv. 3; Hel. dragan = portare, ferre (freq.); A. S. dragan; Germ. tragen; the Engl. distinguishes between to drag and draw, whence the derived words to draggle, trail, drawl; Swed. draga; the Danes have drage, but nearly obliterated except in the special sense to travel,—otherwise they have trække, formed from the mod. Germ. tragen]:—to draw, drag, carry, pull.A. ACT., with acc.I. to drag, carry, pull; hann dró þau öll út, Nj. 131; djöfla þá er yðr munu d. til eilífra kvala, 273; d. heim við, to drag the logs home, 53; d. sauði, to pick sheep out of a fold, Bs. i. 646, Eb. 106; d. skip fram, to launch a ship; d. upp, to draw her up, drag her ashore, Grág. ii. 433; dró Þorgils eptir sér fiskinn, Fs. 129; Egill dró at sér skipit, E. pulled the ship close up to himself, Eg. 221, 306; dró hann þá af grunninu, Fms. vii. 264; hann hafði dregit ( pulled) hött síðan yfir hjálm, Eg. 375, cp. Ad. 3; d. föt, skóklæði af e-m, to draw off clothes, shoes; þá var dregin af ( stripped off) hosa líkinu, Fms. viii. 265; dró hann hana á hönd ser, he pulled it on his hand, Eg. 378; d. hring á hönd sér, to put a ring on one’s hand, 306; (hann) tók gullhring, ok dró ( pulled) á blóðrefilinn, id.: phrases, er við ramman reip at d., ’tis to pull a rope against the strong man, i. e. to cope with the mighty, Fms. ii. 107, Nj. 10,—the metaphor from a game; d. árar, to pull the oars, Fms. ii. 180, Grett. 125 A: absol. to pull, ok drógu skjótt eptir, they soon pulled up to them, Gullþ. 24, Krók. 52: metaph., um margar íþróttir dró hann fast eptir Ólafi, in many accomplishments he pressed hard upon Olave, Fms. iii. 17: d. boga, to draw the bow, x. 362, but more freq. benda ( bend) boga: d., or d. upp segl, to hoist the sails, Eg. 93, Fms. ix. 21, x. 349, Orkn. 260: d. fiska, or simply draga (Luke v. 7), to fish with a hook, to pull up fish with a line (hence fisk-dráttr, dráttr, fishing), Fms. iv. 89, Hým. 21, 23, Fs. 129, Landn. 36, Fas. ii. 31: d. drátt, Luke v. 4; d. net, to fish with a drag-net; also absol., draga á (on or in) á ( a river), to drag a river; hence the metaphor, d. langa nót at e-u, = Lat. longae ambages, Nj. 139: d. steina, to grind in a hand-mill, Sl. 58, Gs. 15: d. bust ór nefi e-m, vide bust: d. anda, to draw breath; d. öndina um barkann, id., (andar-dráttr, drawing breath); d. tönn, to draw a tooth.2. phrases mostly metaph.; d. seim, prop. to draw wire, metaph. to read or talk with a drawling tone; d. nasir af e-u, to smell a thing, Ísl. ii. 136; d. dám af e-u, to draw flavour from; draga dæmi af e-u, or d. e-t til dæmis, to draw an example from a thing, Stj. 13, cp. Nj. 65; d. þýðu eðr samræði til e-s, to draw towards, feel sympathy for, Sks. 358; d. grun á e-t, to suspect, Sturl.; d. spott, skaup, gys, etc. at e-u, to hold a thing up to ridicule, Bs. i. 647; d. á sik dul ok dramb, to assume the air of…, 655 xi. 3; d. á sik ofbeldi ok dramb, Fms. vii. 20; d. e-n á talar, to deceive one, metaphor from leading into a trap, 2 Cor. xii. 17; d. vél at e-m, to deceive one, draw a person into wiles, Nj. 280, Skv. i. 33; d. á vetr, to get one’s sheep and cattle through the winter; Hrafnkell dró á vetr kálf ok kið hin firstu misseri, Hrafn. 22, cp. Germ. anbinden, and in mod. Icel. usage setja á vetr; d. nafn af e-m, to draw, derive the name from, Eb. 126 (App.) new Ed.; the phrase, (hann skyldi ekki) fleiri ár yfir höfuð d., more years should not pass over his head, he must die, Þórð.II. to draw a picture; kross let hann d. í enni á öllum hjálmum með bleiku, Fms. iv. 96; þá dró Tjörvi líkneski þeirra á kamarsvegg, Landn. 247; var dregit á skjöldinn leo með gulli, Ld. 78, Pr. 428; í þann tíma sem hann dregr ( draws) klæða-föllin (the folds), Mar. (Fr.): d. til stafs (mod.), to draw the letters, of children first trying to write; d. fjöðr yfir e-t, a metaph. phrase, to draw a pen over or through, to hide, cloak a thing: gramm. to mark a vowel with a stroke,—a long vowel opp. to a short one is thus called ‘dreginn;’ hljóðstafir hafa tvenna grein, at þeir sé styttir ( short) eða dregnir (drawn, marked with a stroke), ok er því betr dregit yfir þann staf er seint skal at kveða, e. g. ári Ari, ér er-, mínu minni, Skálda 171: to measure, in the phrases, draga kvarða við vaðmál, Grág. i. 497, 498; draga lérept, N. G. L. i. 323.III. to line clothes, etc.; treyja var dregin utan ok innan við rauðu silki, Flov. 19.IV. metaph. to delay; dró hann svá sitt mál, at…, Sturl. iii. 13; hann dró um þat engan hlut, he made no subterfuge, Hkr. ii. 157; Halldórr dró þá heldr fyrir þeim, H. then delayed the time, Ld. 322; vil ek ekki lengr d. þetta fyrir þér, 284; vil ek þessi svör eigi láta d. fyrir mér lengr, Eb. 130.V. with prepp. af, at, á, fram, frá, saman, sundr, etc., answering to the Lat. attrahere, abstrahere, protrahere, detrahere, distrahere, contrahere, etc.; d. at lið, to collect troops; d. saman her, id., Eg. 172, 269, Nj. 127; d. at föng, to collect stores, 208, 259: metaph., þá dró at honum sóttin, the sickness drew nearer to him, he grew worse, Grett. 119; d. af e-m, to take off, to disparage a person, Fms. vi. 287; d. af við e-n, ok mun héðan af ekki af dregit við oss, we shall not be neglected, stinted, Bjarn. 54: mathem. term, to subtract, Rb. 118: d. fram, to bring forward, promote; d. fram þræla, Fms. x. 421, ix. 254, Eg. 354; skil ek þat, at þat man mína kosti hér fram d. (it will be my greatest help here), at þú átt ekki vald á mér; d. fram kaupeyri, to make money, Fms. vi. 8; d. saman, to draw together, collect, join, Bs. ii. 18, Nj. 65, 76; d. sundr, to draw asunder, disjoin; d. e-t á, to intimate, (á-dráttr) drag eigi á þat, Sturl. iii. 110; d. undan, to escape; kómu segli við ok drógu undan, Fms. iv. 201; nú lægir segl þeirra ok d. þeir nú undan oss, v. 11: metaph. to delay, Uspakr dró þó undan allt til nætr, Nj. 272; hirðin sá þetta at svá mjök var undan dregit, Fms. ix. 251 (undan-dráttr, delay); hví dregr þú undan at bjóða mér til þín, Glúm. 326, Fms. ix. 251, Pass. 16. 13: mathem., d. rót undan, to extract a root, Alg. 366; d. upp, to draw a picture (upp-dráttr, a drawing), to pull up, Edda I; to pull out of the snow, Eg. 546; d. út, to extract, draw out, 655 xxxii. 2; d. undir sik, to draw under oneself, to embezzle, Eg. 61, Fms. vii. 128; d. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor, Jb. 403; d. upp segl, to hoist sail, vide above; ljós brann í stofunni ok var dregit upp, Sturl. i. 142; þar brann ljós ok var dregit upp, en myrkt hit neðra, ii. 230; ok er mönnum var í sæti skipat vóru log upp dregin í stofunni, iii. 182; herbergis sveinarnir drógu upp skriðljósin, Fas. iii. 530, cp. Gísl. 29, 113,—in the old halls the lamps (torches) were hoisted up and down, in order to make the light fainter or stronger; d. e-n til e-s, to draw one towards a thing; mikit dregr mik til þess, Fs. 9; engi ofkæti dregr mik til þessarar ferðar, i. e. it is not by my own choice that I undertake this journey, Fms. ix. 352; slíkt dró hann til vinsældar, this furthered him in popularity, vii. 175, Sks. 443 B; mun hann slíkt til d., it will move, influence him, Nj. 210; ef hann drægi ekki til, if he was not concerned, 224.2. draga til is used absol. or ellipt., denoting the course of fate, and many of the following phrases are almost impers.; nema til verra dragi, unless matters turn out worse, Nj. 175; búð, dragi til þess sem vera vill, Lat. fata evenient, 185; ef honum vill þetta til dauða d., if this draw to his death, prove fatal to him, 103, Grett. 114; þat samband þeirra er þeim dregr báðum til bana, which will be fatal to both of them, Nj. 135; enda varð þat fram at koma sem til dró, Ísl. ii. 263; sagði Kveldúlfr at þá ( then) mundi þar til draga sem honum hafði fyrir boðat, Eg. 75; dró til vanda með þeim Rúti ok Unni, it was the old story over again, Nj. 12; dró til vanda um tal þeirra, 129; at hér mundi til mikillar úgiptu draga um kaup þessi, that mickle mischief would arise from this bargain, 30; dró þá enn til sundrþykkju með þeim Svíum, the old feud with the Swedes began over again, Fms. x. 161; ok er úvíst til hvers um dregr, Fs. 6; svá er þat, segir Runólfr, ef ekki dregr til, unless some unforeseen things happen, Nj. 75; hón kvað eigi úlíkligt at til mikils drægi um, Ísl. ii. 19; þá dró nú til hvárttveggja. Bret.; hence til-drög. n. pl. cause.B. IMPERS.1. of clouds, shade, darkness, to be drawn before a thing as a veil; dimmu (acc.) þykir á draga ráðit Odds, it looked as if gloom were drawing over Odd’s affairs, Band. 10; ok er í tók at draga skúrirnar (acc.), it began to draw into showers, i. e. clouds began to gather, Fms. iii. 206: often ellipt., hratt stundum fyrir en stundum dró frá, [ clouds] drew sometimes over, sometimes off, of the moon wading through them, Grett. 114; dregr fyrir sól, [ a veil] draws over the sun, he is hid in clouds; ský vónarleysu döpur drjúgum dró fyrir mína gleði-sól, Bb. 2. 9; dregr á gleði biskups, [ clouds] drew over the bishop’s gladness, it was eclipsed, Bs. ii. 79; eclipsis heitir er fyrir dregr sól eðr tungl, it is called an eclipse when [ a veil] draws over the sun or moon, 1812. 4; tunglskin var ljóst, en stundum dró fyrir, the moonshine was clear, and in turn [ a veil] drew over it, Nj. 118; þá sá lítið af tungli ljóst ok dró ymist til eðr frá, Ísl. ii. 463; þat gerðisk, at á dregr tunglit, ok verðr eclipsis, Al. 54.2. in various connections; dró yðr (acc.) undir hrakningina, en oss (acc.) undan, you were drawn into a thrashing (i. e. got one), but we escaped, Nj. 141; hann (acc.) dró undan sem nauðuligast, he had a narrow escape, Fms. ix. 392: absol., a noun or personal pronoun in acc. being understood, lítt dró enn undan við þik, there was little power of drawing out of thy reach, i. e. thy blow did its work right well. Nj. 199, 155; hvárki dró sundr né saman með þeim, of two running a dead heat: metaph. phrases, mun annarsstaðar meira slóða (acc.) draga, there will be elsewhere a greater trial left, i. e. the consequences will be still worse elsewhere, 54; saman dró hugi þeirra, their hearts were drawn together, of a loving pair, Bárð. 271; saman dró kaupmála með þeim, they struck a bargain, literally the bargain was drawn tight, Nj. 49; hann hreinsar þat skjótt þóat nokkut im (acc.) hafi á oss dregit af samneyti ( although we have been a little infected by the contact with) annarlegs siðferðis, Fms. ii. 261; allt slafr (acc.) dró af Hafri, i. e. H. became quite mute, Grett. (in a verse): in a temp. sense, til þess er dró at degi, till the day drew nigh, Fms. x. 138; þá er dró at miðri nótt, Grett. 140; þá er dregr at Jólum, Yule drew nigh, Fbr. 138; dregr at hjaldri, the battle-hour draws nigh, Fms. vi. (in a verse); dró at því (the time drew nigh), at hann var banvænn, Eg. 126: of sickness, hunger, or the like, to sink, be overcome by, svá dregr at mér af elli, svengd ok þorsta, at…, Fms. iii. 96; nú þykki mér sem fast dragi at þér, thou art sinking fast, Fas. ii. 221; ok er lokið var kvæðinu dregr at Oddi fast, O. was sinking fast, 321: of other things, tók þá at d. fast at heyjum hans, his stock was very low, Fms. iii. 208; þoku dregr upp, a fog draws on, rises, 97 (in a verse), but ok taki sú poka (nom.) fyrir at d. norðrljósit, Sks. an (better þá þoku, acc.)C. REFLEX, to draw oneself, move; ef menn dragask til föruneytis þeirra ( join them) úbeðit, Grág. ii. 270; Sigvaldi dregsk út frá flotanum, S. draws away from the fleet, Fms. xi. 140; ofmjök dragask lendir menn fram, i. e. the barons drew far too forward, vii. 22; hyski drósk á flótta, they drew away to flight, Fms. vi. (in a verse); skeiðr drógusk at vígi, the ships drew on to battle, iii. 4 (in a verse); dragask undir = draga undir sik, to take a thing to oneself, Grág. ii. 150; dragask á hendr e-m, drógusk opt þeir menn á hendr honum er úskilamenn voru, Sturl. i. 136; dragask e-n á hendr, hann kvað þess enga ván, at hann drægisk þá á hendr, ii. 120; dragask aptr á leið, to remain behind, Rb. 108; dragask út, to recede, of the tide, 438; dragask saman, to draw back, draw together, be collected, Fms. i. 25, Bs. i. 134; e-m dragask penningar, Fms. vi. 9; d. undan, to be delayed, x. 251; the phrase, herr, lið dregsk e-m, the troops draw together, of a levy, i. 94, vii. 176, Eg. 277; dragask á legg, to grow up, Hkr. iii. 108; sem aldr hans ok vitsmunir drógusk fram, increased, Fms. vi. 7; þegar honum drósk aldr, when he grew up, Fs. 9; dragask á legg, to grow into a man; dragask við e-t, to become discouraged, Fms. viii. 65; d. vel, illa, to do well, ill, Fs. 146: to be worn out, exhausted, drósk þá liðit mjök af kulda, Sturl. iii. 20; drósk hestr hans, ii. 75: part. dreginn, drawn, pinched, starved, hestar mjök dregnir, Fms. ix. 276; görðisk fénaðr dreginn mjök, drawn, thin, iii. 208; stóð þar í heykleggi einn ok dregit at öllu megin, a tapering hayrick, Háv. 53: of sickness, Herra Andrés lagðisk sjúkr, ok er hann var dreginn mjök, Fms. ix. 276.β. recipr., þau drógusk um einn gullhring, they fought, pulled. Fas. iii. 387. From the reflex. probably originates, by dropping the reflex. suffix, the mod. Swed. and Dan. at draga = to go, esp. of troops or a body of men; in old writers the active form hardly ever occurs in this sense (the reading drógu in the verse Fms. iii. 4 is no doubt false); and in mod. usage it is equally unknown in Icel., except maybe in allit. phrases as, e. g. út á djúpið hann Oddr dró, Snot 229 new Ed.; to Icel. ears draga in this sense sounds strange; even the reflex. form is seldom used in a dignified sense; vide the references above. -
103 πένομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to exert oneself, to toil, to work, to prepare, to provide' (Il.), `to exert onself, to (have to) do hard labour, to be poor, to lack smth.' (Sol., trag., Pl.).Other forms: only pres. a. ipf.Derivatives: 1. πενία, ion. - ίη f. `poverty, lack' (ξ 157; Scheller Oxytonierung 23 a. 39); 2. πενιχρ-ός `poor, devoid of smth.' (γ 348; cf. zu μελιχρός s. μέλι) with - ότης f. (S. E.). - αλέος `id.' (AP). 3. πένης, - ητος m. (f. πένησσα πτωχή H.) `who has to live from the labour of his hands, needy, poor' in opposition both to πλούσιος and to πτωχός = `begging, destitute' (IA.) with πενέσ-τερος, - τατος (X., D.); after ἀσθενέσ-τερος a.o.; not with Schwyzer 535 from *πενετ-τερος); from it πενητ-εύω `to be poor' (Emp.), - υλίδας m. "son of poverty" (Cerc.), from a hypocor. *Πενητ-ύλος (as Φειδ-ύλος, Πενθ-ύλος a.o.). -- 4. πόνος m. `(hard) labour, effort, struggle, sorrow, pain, fruit of the labour' (Il.; on the meaning Trümpy Fachausdrücke 148 ff.); also as 2. member, e.g. παυσί-πονος `ending pain' (E., Ar. in lyr.); but ματαιο-πόνος a.o. to πονέομαι, s. v. From it πον-ηρός `toilsome, useless, bad, evil' (IA.) with - ηρία, - ηρεύομαι, - ήρευμα; πονόεις `id.' (Man.). -- 5. Iterative deverbative πονέομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, δια- a.o. (Il., mostly in the older language), πονέω, also w. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o. (posthom.) `to exert oneself, to provide, to suffer', trans. `to cause pain'. As 2. member a.o. in ματαιο-πονέω `to labour in vain' (Democr.) with - πονία (Str.), - πόνημα (Iamb.), - πόνος (Plu., Gal.). From it πόν-ημα ( δια-) n. `labour, work' (Pl., E. u.a.), - ησις ( δια-, κατα-) f. `labour, effort' (Plu., D. L.); as backformation e.g. διάπον-ος `working hard, weary' (Plu.) from δια-πονέω. 6. Beside it πονάω only in ἐπονάθη (Pi.) and ἐπόνασαν (Theoc.); s. Schwyzer 719 w. n. 1.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. The primary present πένομαι, which was pushed back and replaced by its own iterative πονέομαι, - έω and by its synonyms, e.g. κάμνω, δέω, is in the epos used esp. of domestic labour (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 15). The meaning `want, lack, be poor' (from where πενία and πενιχρός already since Od.) developed from there like Lat. laborare `exert oneself', also `be in need, be pressed' (unargumented doubt in WP. 2, 661). Unclear is however the earlier history of the meaning. Possible is, that πένομαι orig. indicated a certain kind of domesic labour and from there was generalized. One may compare in that case expressions for `stretch, twist, weave' in Lith. pìnti `twist', OCS pęti `stretch', Arm. hanum and henum `weave', further OHG etc. spin. As the basic meaning of this verb seems to have been `unharness', one may also from there through `harness oneself' come to `exert oneself' (cf. Arm. y-enum `stem or stut smthing with hands or shoulders'?). Thus (after Schleicher, Benfey, Fick; s. Curtius 271f.) Pedersen KZ 39, 414 and Persson Beitr. 1, 411 ff.; further combinations in WP. 2, 660ff., Pok. 988, W.-Hofmann s. pendeō. As however the semantic development can be interpreted in diff. ways, this etymology, though quite possible, cannot be proven. A loan is hard to envisage. -- On the meaning of πένητες and πλούσιοι and synonyms and of πενία and πλοῦτος s. J. Hemelrijk Πενία en Πλοῦτος. Diss. Utrecht 1925. Cf. πεῖνα und σπάνις.Page in Frisk: 2,504-506Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πένομαι
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104 avanzar
v.1 to advance.las tropas continúan avanzando the troops are still advancingel tráfico no avanzaba the traffic wasn't movingMi chico avanza en la escuela My boy advances in school.Ricardo avanzó las ventas Richard advanced=promoted sales.2 to make progress.está avanzando mucho en sus estudios she's making very good progress with her studiesesta tecnología avanza a gran velocidad this technology is developing very quickly3 to pass (time).el tiempo avanza muy deprisa time passes quicklya medida que avanza el siglo as the century draws on4 to move forward.El coche avanza lentamente The car moves forward slowly.* * *1 to advance, go forward1 (mover adelante) to advance, move forward2 (dinero) to advance3 (promover) to promote4 (una propuesta) to put forward1 (adelantarse) to go forward, advance; (día, noche) to draw in* * *verb1) to advance, move forward2) progress* * *1. VT1) (=mover) to move forward, advanceavanzó la ficha cuatro casillas — he moved the counter forward four spaces, he advanced the counter four spaces
2) [+ dinero] to advance3) [+ opinión, propuesta] to put forward4) [+ resultado] to predict; [+ predicción] to make5) Caribe (=vomitar) to vomit2. VI1) (=ir hacia adelante) to advance, move forwardel ejército avanzó de madrugada — the army advanced o moved forward at dawn
no me esperéis, seguid avanzando — don't wait for me, carry on
2) (=progresar) to make progresslas conversaciones de paz no parecen avanzar — the peace talks do not seem to be progressing o making (any) progress
la genética avanza a ritmo vertiginoso — genetics is progressing o advancing at a dizzy speed
3) [noche, invierno] to draw on, approach3.See:* * *1.verbo intransitivoa) persona/tráfico to advance, move forwardavanzar hacia la democracia — to move o advance toward(s) democracy
b) ciencia/medicina to advancec) cinta/rollo to wind ond) persona (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; negociaciones/proyecto to progresse) tiempo to draw on2.avanzar vta) ( adelantarse) to move forward, advanceb) ( mover) to move... forward, advanceavanzó un peón — he moved o pushed a pawn forward
c) < propuesta> to put forward* * *= gain + ground, get + far, go forward, make + gains, make + progress, move ahead, move on, move onwardly, move up, page (through), progress, advance, proceed, press on, come along, fast-forward, take + a step forward, get + ahead, move forward, make + step, take + strides, make + advances, develop, move along, get + unstuck, press forward (with), move + forward, go forth, make + headway.Ex. Standardisation of formats is less developed; however UNIMARC is gaining ground as a national exchange format, whilst USMARC is also used by university and public libraries.Ex. If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.Ex. Thus, if you want to reply yes, enter a 'y'; if you want to go forward, enter 'f'.Ex. Expenditures in public libraries in the USA rose sharply in 1988 while use continued to make modest gains, with the greatest increase in juvenile loans.Ex. We could then simply alter our expectations accordingly, and exult in the progress we have made.Ex. It is impatient with Juctionville for its failure to move ahead as fast as it would like and is bothered by the city's drabness and general lack of class and culture.Ex. Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.Ex. In its simplest statement, the prime goal of any act of education is that it should serve us in the future... takes us somewhere... let us move onwardly more easily.Ex. Now we move up the chain providing index entries for each of the potentially sought terms.Ex. The system displays the records in brief format and the user can 'page' through the matches until the required record is found.Ex. It is normally taken to indicate that the document has been revised, if a work has progressed to a second or subsequent edition.Ex. All this is not to be impulsively regretted since specialized studies can advance in no other way, but synthesis becomes increasingly important and dishearteningly more difficult.Ex. Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.Ex. Hoping the gentler tone and the more relaxed manner meant that her anger was abating, the young man pressed on less apprehensively.Ex. However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.Ex. Modern machines have an automatic facility for fast-forward and rewind as well as a manual control for slower, more precise location of the required information on the microfilm.Ex. Low-income urban families simply do not have any use for the traditional library or indeed any motivation for self-improvement and getting ahead = Las familias urbanas con ingresos bajos simplemente no tienen la necesidad de usar la biblioteca tradicional o de hecho no sienten motivación para la superación personal y para avanzar.Ex. This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.Ex. Schucking noted that early step when a child's 'imagination awakes, without corresponding development of the critical faculty,' a step most children make before they reach school age = Schucking se percató de ese primer paso en el niño cuando "se despierta su imaginación sin el correspondiente desarrollo de la capacidad crítica", un paso que dan la mayoría de los niños antes de alcanzar la edad escolar.Ex. In the half century since the publication of McKerrow's Introduction bibliography has taken giant strides in many directions.Ex. The author maintains that, aside from increasing computational speed, and thus real-time control, musically no advances have been made.Ex. The economics journal system has not grown and developed in a structured fashion, which has resulted in overspill into report literature.Ex. As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex. In addition, students can use the glossary to get 'unstuck' while learning.Ex. The company is pressing forward with the construction of an environment and a system that permit all employees to demonstrate their full capabilities.Ex. Kuwait is not going backwards, but definitely not moving forward.Ex. Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.Ex. Governments are making headway in negotiations aimed at reaching an ambitious and effective global greenhouse gas reduction treaty.----* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.* avanzar a toda máquina = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a toda pastilla = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo gas = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo vapor = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a trancas y barrancas = flounder, grind on.* avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.* avanzar con dificultad = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through).* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.* avanzar en una carrera profesional = further + a career.* avanzar fácilmente = coast.* avanzar gradualmente (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* avanzar hacia = move into, move toward(s).* avanzar hacia abajo = work + Posesivo + way down.* avanzar lentamente = creep, creep along.* avanzar lenta y pesadamente = trundle.* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.* avanzar muy despacio = creep, creep along.* avanzar poco a poco = shuffle along.* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* avanzar profesionalmente dentro de la institución = rise through + the ranks.* avanzar rápidamente = gallop.* avanzar viento en popa = steam ahead.* conforme + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* dar vueltas sin avanzar = go round in + circles.* hacer avanzar = nudge + Nombre + forward, push + the frontiers of, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into, push + the boundaries of.* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* hacer avanzar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.* hacer que + Nombre + avance = take + Nombre + a/one step forward.* no avanzar = tread + water.* no avanzar más = go + no further.* que avanza lentamente = crawling.* que avanza rápidamente = fast-developing.* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* tiempo + avanzar inexorablemente = time + march on.* * *1.verbo intransitivoa) persona/tráfico to advance, move forwardavanzar hacia la democracia — to move o advance toward(s) democracy
b) ciencia/medicina to advancec) cinta/rollo to wind ond) persona (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; negociaciones/proyecto to progresse) tiempo to draw on2.avanzar vta) ( adelantarse) to move forward, advanceb) ( mover) to move... forward, advanceavanzó un peón — he moved o pushed a pawn forward
c) < propuesta> to put forward* * *= gain + ground, get + far, go forward, make + gains, make + progress, move ahead, move on, move onwardly, move up, page (through), progress, advance, proceed, press on, come along, fast-forward, take + a step forward, get + ahead, move forward, make + step, take + strides, make + advances, develop, move along, get + unstuck, press forward (with), move + forward, go forth, make + headway.Ex: Standardisation of formats is less developed; however UNIMARC is gaining ground as a national exchange format, whilst USMARC is also used by university and public libraries.
Ex: If scientific reasoning were limited to the logical processes of arithmetic, we should not get far in our understanding of the physical world.Ex: Thus, if you want to reply yes, enter a 'y'; if you want to go forward, enter 'f'.Ex: Expenditures in public libraries in the USA rose sharply in 1988 while use continued to make modest gains, with the greatest increase in juvenile loans.Ex: We could then simply alter our expectations accordingly, and exult in the progress we have made.Ex: It is impatient with Juctionville for its failure to move ahead as fast as it would like and is bothered by the city's drabness and general lack of class and culture.Ex: Rather readers grow by fits and starts now rushing ahead, now lying fallow, and now moving steadily on.Ex: In its simplest statement, the prime goal of any act of education is that it should serve us in the future... takes us somewhere... let us move onwardly more easily.Ex: Now we move up the chain providing index entries for each of the potentially sought terms.Ex: The system displays the records in brief format and the user can 'page' through the matches until the required record is found.Ex: It is normally taken to indicate that the document has been revised, if a work has progressed to a second or subsequent edition.Ex: All this is not to be impulsively regretted since specialized studies can advance in no other way, but synthesis becomes increasingly important and dishearteningly more difficult.Ex: Before we proceed to look at the operators in detail, a couple of examples may help to make the layout clearer.Ex: Hoping the gentler tone and the more relaxed manner meant that her anger was abating, the young man pressed on less apprehensively.Ex: However, we have not heard the final word by any means for there are new products and improved examples of existing products coming along.Ex: Modern machines have an automatic facility for fast-forward and rewind as well as a manual control for slower, more precise location of the required information on the microfilm.Ex: LCSH has taken a further step forward with the use of computer-controlled typesetting.Ex: Low-income urban families simply do not have any use for the traditional library or indeed any motivation for self-improvement and getting ahead = Las familias urbanas con ingresos bajos simplemente no tienen la necesidad de usar la biblioteca tradicional o de hecho no sienten motivación para la superación personal y para avanzar.Ex: This article argues the need to move forward with the infotech culture without abandoning the service culture.Ex: Schucking noted that early step when a child's 'imagination awakes, without corresponding development of the critical faculty,' a step most children make before they reach school age = Schucking se percató de ese primer paso en el niño cuando "se despierta su imaginación sin el correspondiente desarrollo de la capacidad crítica", un paso que dan la mayoría de los niños antes de alcanzar la edad escolar.Ex: In the half century since the publication of McKerrow's Introduction bibliography has taken giant strides in many directions.Ex: The author maintains that, aside from increasing computational speed, and thus real-time control, musically no advances have been made.Ex: The economics journal system has not grown and developed in a structured fashion, which has resulted in overspill into report literature.Ex: As university libraries move along this continuum they will become evolutionary, non-hierarchical, entrepreneurial and horizontal.Ex: In addition, students can use the glossary to get 'unstuck' while learning.Ex: The company is pressing forward with the construction of an environment and a system that permit all employees to demonstrate their full capabilities.Ex: Kuwait is not going backwards, but definitely not moving forward.Ex: Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.Ex: Governments are making headway in negotiations aimed at reaching an ambitious and effective global greenhouse gas reduction treaty.* a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* avanzar a duras penas = flounder, grind on.* avanzar a toda máquina = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a toda mecha = go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a toda pastilla = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo gas = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo meter = go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a todo vapor = steam ahead, go + full steam ahead.* avanzar a trancas y barrancas = flounder, grind on.* avanzar a un ritmo vertiginoso = proceed + at a blistering pace.* avanzar con dificultad = wade through, limp, slog along, plod (along/through).* avanzar con gran dificultad = grind on.* avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.* avanzar en una carrera profesional = further + a career.* avanzar fácilmente = coast.* avanzar gradualmente (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* avanzar hacia = move into, move toward(s).* avanzar hacia abajo = work + Posesivo + way down.* avanzar lentamente = creep, creep along.* avanzar lenta y pesadamente = trundle.* avanzar mucho = travel + a long way down the road.* avanzar muy despacio = creep, creep along.* avanzar poco a poco = shuffle along.* avanzar poco a poco (hacia) = edge (toward(s)).* avanzar profesionalmente dentro de la institución = rise through + the ranks.* avanzar rápidamente = gallop.* avanzar viento en popa = steam ahead.* conforme + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.* conforme + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.* dar vueltas sin avanzar = go round in + circles.* hacer avanzar = nudge + Nombre + forward, push + the frontiers of, nudge + Nombre + along, nudge + Nombre + into, push + the boundaries of.* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* hacer avanzar hacia = nudge + Nombre + toward.* hacer que + Nombre + avance = take + Nombre + a/one step forward.* no avanzar = tread + water.* no avanzar más = go + no further.* que avanza lentamente = crawling.* que avanza rápidamente = fast-developing.* seguir avanzando = forge + ahead, forge + forward.* tiempo + avanzar inexorablemente = time + march on.* * *avanzar [A4 ]vi1 «tropas/persona/tráfico» to advance, move forward avanzar HACIA algo:las tropas avanzan hacia la capital the troops are advancing on the capitalel país avanza hacia la democracia the country is moving o advancing toward(s) democracy2 ( Fot) «rollo» to wind on3 «persona» (en los estudios, el trabajo) to make progress; «negociaciones/proyecto» to progressno estoy avanzando mucho con este trabajo I'm not making much progress o headway o I'm not getting very far with this work4 «tiempo» to draw on■ avanzarvt1 (adelantarse) to move forward, advanceavanzaron unos pasos they moved forward o advanced a few steps, they took a few steps forward2 (mover) to move … forward, advanceavanzó un peón he moved o pushed a pawn forward, he advanced a pawn3 ‹propuesta› to put forward* * *
avanzar ( conjugate avanzar) verbo intransitivo
[negociaciones/proyecto] to progress
verbo transitivo
avanzar verbo transitivo to advance, make progress
' avanzar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
sacudida
- salto
- tantear
- adelantar
English:
advance
- come forward
- crawl
- edge
- freewheel
- go forward
- headway
- move
- move along
- pace
- proceed
- progress
- struggle along
- struggle on
- surge
- wind
- fast
- head
- hover
- inch
- lumber
- scroll
- somewhere
* * *♦ vi1. [moverse] to advance;las tropas continúan avanzando the troops are still advancing;el tráfico no avanzaba the traffic wasn't moving2. [progresar] to make progress;está avanzando mucho en sus estudios she's making very good progress with her studies;esta tecnología avanza a gran velocidad this technology is developing very quickly3. [tiempo] to pass;el tiempo avanza muy deprisa time passes very quickly;a medida que avanza el siglo as the century draws on4. [carrete] to wind on♦ vt1. [adelantar] to move forward;las tropas avanzaron sus posiciones the troops advanced their position;avanzaron varias posiciones en la clasificación de liga they moved up several places in the leagueles avanzó los resultados del estudio she informed them of the results of the study before it was published3. [carrete] to wind on* * *I v/t1 move forward, advance;avanzar un pie take a step forward2 dinero advanceII v/i2 en trabajo make progress* * *avanzar {21} v: to advance, to move forward* * *avanzar vb1. (progresar) to make progress / to get on2. (ir hacia delante) to advance / to move forward -
105 У-118
В УПОР PrepP Invar adv1. подойти, подступить к кому, столкнуться - и т. п. (to approach, come up to etc s.o.) very closely, so that hardly any distance separates one from s.o., (to run) directly, right (into s.o.): face to faceeyeball-to-eyeball right up to (in limited contexts) (be) close up to.(extended usage) Человек взмахнул руками, вцепился в мою шубу, потряс меня, прильнул и стал тихонько выкрикивать: «Голубчик мой... доктор... скорее... умирает она»... Я взял безжизненную руку... Под пальцами задрожало мелко, часто, потом стало срываться, тянуться в нитку. У меня похолодело привычно под ложечкой, как всегда, когда я в упор видел смерть (Булгаков 6). The man waved his arms, clutched my fur coat and shook me as he pressed against me, moaning softly: "Oh, doctor... my dear fellow...quickly...she's dying."...I took the lifeless arm....I could feel a thin, rapid flutter which broke off and picked up again as a mere faint thread. I felt the customary stab of cold in the pit of my stomach as I always do when I see death face to face (6a)....Штабс-капитан быстрым жестом схватил порожний стул... и поставил его чуть не посредине комнаты затем, схватив другой такой же стул для себя, сел напротив Алёши, по-прежнему к нему в упор и так, что колени их почти соприкасались вместе (Достоевский 1)....The captain seized an empty chair...and placed it almost in the middle of the room, then, seizing another chair, just like the first, for himself, he sat facing Alyosha, as close up to him as before, so that their knees almost touched (1a).2. стрелять, целиться в кого-что, убить кого \У-118 и т. п. (to shoot, aim at s.o. or sth., kill s.o. etc) from a very short distance away, having moved right up to him or itpoint-blankat point-blank (close) range.Высокий белобровый австриец... почти в упор выстрелил в Григория с колена. Огонь свинца опалил щёку. Григорий повёл пикой, натягивая изо всей силы поводья (Шолохов 2). А tall fair-browed Austrian...fired almost point-blank at Grigory from a kneeling position. The heat of the molten lead scorched Grigory's cheek. He aimed his lance and reined in with all his strength (2a).Вдруг слева ослепительно вспыхнуло - Борька подскочил и щёлкнул почти в упор (Трифонов 1). Suddenly there was a blinding flash from the left-it was Borka who had jumped forward and clicked his camera at almost point-blank range (1a).Дол охов, бежавший рядом с Тимохиным, в упор убил одного француза... (Толстой 4). Dolokhov, running beside Timokhin, killed a Frenchman at close range... (4a).3. смотреть на кого, рассматривать, разглядывать кого-что \У-118 и т. п. (to look at, examine etc s.o. or sth.) directly and intentlylook point-blank atstare (look) straight (right) at (into) stare hard (fixedly) at."А что он сделал?» - спросил Сталин и в упор посмотрел на Берию. «Болтает лишнее, выжил из ума», - сказал Берия (Искандер 3). "What has he done?" Stalin asked. He looked point-blank at Beria. "He blabs too much, he's gotten senile," Beria said (3a).Сталин медленно поднялся, не протянул руки, продолжал в упор смотреть на Будягина (Рыбаков 2). Without extending his hand, Stalin got up slowly and continued to look straight at Budyagin (2a).Это что ещё такое?» - вскричал (Иван Фёдорович), вглядываясь в упор в лицо пристава, и вдруг, схватив его за плечи, яростно ударил об пол (Достоевский 2). "What is the meaning of this?" Ivan Fyodorovich exclaimed, staring straight into the marshal's face, and suddenly, seizing him by the shoulders, he flung him violently to the floor (2a).«Ухожу в армию, сынок. К матери поедешь». - «Не хочу туда, - нахохлился Влад... -У деда Савелия останусь». Влад сказал и тут же осёкся. Отец смотрел в упор, излучая на него столько горечи и снисходительного презрения, что он не выдержал, сдался... (Максимов 2). Tm going away to join the army, son. You must go back to your mother." "I don't want to," Vlad objected.... "I'll stay with grandfather." As Vlad said this he stopped short. His father stared hard at him, radiating such bitterness and condescending scorn that his resistance faltered and he capitulated (2a).Трою основали Тевкр, Дардан, Иллюс и Трос», - разом отчеканил мальчик и в один миг весь покраснел, так покраснел, что на него жалко стало смотреть. Но мальчики все на него глядели в упор... (Достоевский 1). "Troy was founded by Teucer, Dardanus, Ilius, and Tros," the boy rapped out at once, and instantly blushed all over, blushed so much that it was pitiful to see. But all the boys stared fixedly at him... (1a).4. сказать, спросить \У-118 (to say, ask) directly and in plain termspoint-blankflat out bluntly.«Где брала?» — в упор спросил Николай. «Чего?» — испугалась учительница. «Да танкетки ж», - нетерпеливо сказал Николай (Войнович 5). "Where'd you get them?" Nikolai asked point-blank. "Get what?" said the teacher, quite startled. "The shoes, the shoes," said Nikolai impatiently (5a).«Осмелюсь узнать, служить изволили?» - «Нет, учусь...» - ответил молодой человек, отчасти удивленный и особенным витиеватым тоном речи, и тем, что так прямо, в упор, обратились к нему (Достоевский 3). "May I venture to inquire, pray: have you been in the service?" "No, I study..." replied the young man, taken aback partly by the peculiar, orotund manner of the other's speech and partly by the fact that he had been so directly and bluntly addressed (3a). -
106 в упор
• В УПОР[PrepP; Invar; adv]=====1. подойти, подступить к кому, столкнуться в упор и т.п. (to approach, come up to etc s.o.) very closely, so that hardly any distance separates one from s.o., (to run) directly, right (into s.o.):- face to face;- right up to;- [in limited contexts](be) close up to.♦ [extended usage] Человек взмахнул руками, вцепился в мою шубу, потряс меня, прильнул и стал тихонько выкрикивать: "Голубчик мой... доктор... скорее... умирает она"... Я взял безжизненную руку... Под пальцами задрожало мелко, часто, потом стало срываться, тянуться в нитку. У меня похолодело привычно под ложечкой, как всегда, когда я в упор видел смерть (Булгаков 6). The man waved his arms, clutched my fur coat and shook me as he pressed against me, moaning softly: "Oh, doctor... my dear fellow...quickly...she's dying."...I took the lifeless arm....I could feel a thin, rapid flutter which broke off and picked up again as a mere faint thread. I felt the customary stab of cold in the pit of my stomach as I always do when I see death face to face (6a).♦...Штабс-капитан быстрым жестом схватил порожний стул... и поставил его чуть не посредине комнаты; затем, схватив другой такой же стул для себя, сел напротив Алёши, по-прежнему к нему в упор и так, что колени их почти соприкасались вместе (Достоевский 1)....The captain seized an empty chair...and placed it almost in the middle of the room; then, seizing another chair, just like the first, for himself, he sat facing Alyosha, as close up to him as before, so that their knees almost touched (1a).2. стрелять, целиться в кого-что, убить кого в упор и т.п. (to shoot, aim at s.o. or sth., kill s.o. etc) from a very short distance away, having moved right up to him or it:- point-blank;- at point-blank (close) range.♦ Высокий белобровый австриец... почти в упор выстрелил в Григория с колена. Огонь свинца опалил щёку. Григорий повёл пикой, натягивая изо всей силы поводья (Шолохов 2). А tall fair-browed Austrian...fired almost point-blank at Grigory from a kneeling position. The heat of the molten lead scorched Grigory's cheek. He aimed his lance and reined in with all his strength (2a).♦ Вдруг слева ослепительно вспыхнуло - Борька подскочил и щёлкнул почти в упор (Трифонов 1). Suddenly there was a blinding flash from the left-it was Borka who had jumped forward and clicked his camera at almost point-blank range (1a).♦ Дол охов, бежавший рядом с Тимохиным, в упор убил одного француза... (Толстой 4). Dolokhov, running beside Timokhin, killed a Frenchman at close range... (4a).3. смотреть на кого, рассматривать, разглядывать кого-что в упор и т.п. (to look at, examine etc s.o. or sth.) directly and intently:- stare hard (fixedly) at.♦ "А что он сделал?" - спросил Сталин и в упор посмотрел на Берию. "Болтает лишнее, выжил из ума", - сказал Берия (Искандер 3). "What has he done?" Stalin asked. He looked point-blank at Beria. "He blabs too much, he's gotten senile," Beria said (3a).♦ Сталин медленно поднялся, не протянул руки, продолжал в упор смотреть на Будягина (Рыбаков 2). Without extending his hand, Stalin got up slowly and continued to look straight at Budyagin (2a).♦ "Это что ещё такое?" - вскричал [Иван Фёдорович], вглядываясь в упор в лицо пристава, и вдруг, схватив его за плечи, яростно ударил об пол (Достоевский 2). "What is the meaning of this?" Ivan Fyodorovich exclaimed, staring straight into the marshal's face, and suddenly, seizing him by the shoulders, he flung him violently to the floor (2a).♦ "Ухожу в армию, сынок. К матери поедешь". - "Не хочу туда, - нахохлился Влад... - У деда Савелия останусь". Влад сказал и тут же осёкся. Отец смотрел в упор, излучая на него столько горечи и снисходительного презрения, что он не выдержал, сдался... (Максимов 2). "I'mgoing away to join the army, son. You must go back to your mother." "I don't want to," Vlad objected.... "I'll stay with grandfather." As Vlad said this he stopped short. His father stared hard at him, radiating such bitterness and condescending scorn that his resistance faltered and he capitulated (2a).♦ "Трою основали Тевкр, Дардан, Иллюс и Трос", - разом отчеканил мальчик и в один миг весь покраснел, так покраснел, что на него жалко стало смотреть. Но мальчики все на него глядели в упор... (Достоевский 1). "Troy was founded by Teucer, Dardanus, Ilius, and Tros," the boy rapped out at once, and instantly blushed all over, blushed so much that it was pitiful to see. But all the boys stared fixedly at him... (1a).4. сказать, спросить в упор (to say, ask) directly and in plain terms:- point-blank;- flat out;- bluntly.♦ "Где брала?" - в упор спросил Николай. "Чего?" - испугалась учительница. "Да танкетки ж", - нетерпеливо сказал Николай (Войнович 5). "Where'd you get them?" Nikolai asked point-blank. "Get what?" said the teacher, quite startled. "The shoes, the shoes," said Nikolai impatiently (5a).♦ "Осмелюсь узнать, служить изволили?" - "Нет, учусь..." - ответил молодой человек, отчасти удивлённый и особенным витиеватым тоном речи, и тем, что так прямо, в упор, обратились к нему (Достоевский 3). "May I venture to inquire, pray: have you been in the service?" "No, I study..." replied the young man, taken aback partly by the peculiar, orotund manner of the other's speech and partly by the fact that he had been so directly and bluntly addressed (3a). -
107 soft
soft1) (not hard or firm; easily changing shape when pressed: a soft cushion.) blando2) (pleasantly smooth to the touch: The dog has a soft, silky coat.) suave3) (not loud: a soft voice.) suave4) ((of colour) not bright or harsh: a soft pink.) suave5) (not strict (enough): You are too soft with him.) blando6) ((of a drink) not alcoholic: At the party they were serving soft drinks as well as wine and spirits.) no alcohólico7) (childishly weak, timid or silly: Don't be so soft - the dog won't hurt you.) tonto, bobo•- softly- softness
- soften
- soft-boiled
- soft-hearted
- soft-spoken
- software
- softwood
- have a soft spot for
soft adj1. blando / suave2. tenue / suavetr[sɒft]2 (skin, hair, fur, etc) suave3 (light, music, colour) suave; (words) tierno,-a; (breeze, steps, knock) ligero,-a; (outline) difuminado,-a5 (person - lenient) blando,-a, indulgente; (- weak) débil; (- gentle, kind) dulce; (- easily upset) sensiblero,-a■ you're too soft on/with the kids eres demasiado blando con los niños6 (water) blando,-a7 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL (consonant) suave\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be soft in the head ser tonto,-a del culo, ser estúpido,-ato be soft on somebody (attracted) gustarle alguien a unoto have a soft spot for somebody tener debilidad por alguien, tenerle cariño a alguiensoft copy datos nombre masculino plural contenidos en la memoria del ordenadorsoft currency moneda débilsoft drink refresco, bebida no alcohólicasoft drug droga blandasoft furnishings (tejidos nombre masculino plural para) cortinas, fundas de sofá, etcsoft landing aterrizaje nombre masculino suavesoft option camino fácilsoft palate velo del paladarsoft porn pornografía blandasoft sell venta basada en la persuasiónsoft soap cobasoft toy muñeco de peluche, animal nombre masculino de peluchesoft ['sɔft] adj1) : blandoa soft pillow: una almohada blanda2) smooth: suave (dícese de las texturas, de los sonidos, etc.)3) nonalcoholic: no alcohólicoa soft drink: un refrescoadj.• blando, -a adj.• delicado, -a adj.• débil adj.• dócil adj.• esponjoso, -a adj.• flexible adj.• fláccido, -a adj.• fofo, -a adj.• mole adj.• muelle adj.• pastoso, -a adj.• remolón, -ona adj.• suave adj.• tenue adj.• tierno, -a adj.adv.• blandamente adv.• suavemente adv.sɔːft, sɒftadjective -er, -est1)a) ( not hard) blando; <cushion/mattress> blando, mullido; <dough/clay/pencil> blando; < metal> maleable, dúctil2)a) (mild, subdued) < breeze> suave; <light/color> suave, tenue3)a) ( lenient) blando, indulgenteto be soft ON o WITH somebody — ser* blando or indulgente con alguien
b) ( feeble-minded) (colloq)to be soft (in the head) — ser* estúpido
soft sell — venta f blanda ( venta sin técnicas agresivas)
5) ( emotionally attached)to be soft on somebody — tener* debilidad por alguien
6) < drugs> blando; < pornography> blando8) < consonant> débil[sɒft]1. ADJ(compar softer) (superl softest)1) (=not hard) [ground, water, cheese, pencil, contact lens] blando; [bed, mattress, pillow] blando, mullido; [metal] maleable, dúctil; pej [muscles, flesh] blandoto go soft — [biscuits etc] ablandarse
his muscles have gone soft — sus músculos han perdido su fuerza, se le han ablandado los músculos
2) (=smooth) [skin, hair, fur, fabric, texture] suaveto make soft — [+ skin, clothes] suavizar; [+ leather] ablandar
3) (=gentle, not harsh) [breeze, landing] suave; [accent] ligero, leve; [music] suave; [light] tenue; [colour] delicado; [line] difuminadosoft lighting — luz f tenue
4) (=quiet) [whisper, laugh, step] suave; [whistle] flojo; [voice] suave, tenue5) (=kind) [smile, person] dulce; [words] tierno, dulce6) (=lenient, weak) blandothe soft left — (Pol) la izquierda moderada, el centro-izquierda
to be (too) soft on/with sth/sb — ser (demasiado) blando or indulgente con algo/algn
7) (=easy) fácilsoft option — camino m fácil
touch 1., 2)soft target — blanco m fácil
8) * (=foolish) bobo *, tontoyou must be soft! — ¡tú eres tonto!, ¡has perdido el juicio!
9) (=fond)10) (Ling) débil11) (Econ) [prices, economy] débil; [sales, market, growth] flojo2.CPD [currency, drug, fruit] blandosoft brown sugar N — azúcar f morena blanda, azúcar m moreno blando
soft centre N — relleno m blando
soft commodities NPL — (Econ) bienes mpl perecederos, bienes mpl no durables
soft copy N — (Comput) copia f transitoria
soft drink N — bebida f refrescante, refresco m
soft fruit N — (Brit) bayas fpl
soft furnishings NPL — textiles mpl
soft goods NPL — (Comm) géneros mpl textiles, tejidos mpl
soft landing N — aterrizaje m suave
soft margarine N — margarina f (fácil de untar)
soft money N — (US) papel m moneda
soft palate N — (Anat) velo m del paladar
soft-pedalsoft pedal N — (Mus) pedal m suave
soft phone N — (Comput) teléfono m de software
soft porn, soft pornography N — pornografía f blanda
soft shoulder N — (US) arcén m de tierra (para frenazos de emergencia)
soft-soapsoft skills NPL — habilidades fpl interpersonales
soft top N — (esp US) descapotable m
* * *[sɔːft, sɒft]adjective -er, -est1)a) ( not hard) blando; <cushion/mattress> blando, mullido; <dough/clay/pencil> blando; < metal> maleable, dúctil2)a) (mild, subdued) < breeze> suave; <light/color> suave, tenue3)a) ( lenient) blando, indulgenteto be soft ON o WITH somebody — ser* blando or indulgente con alguien
b) ( feeble-minded) (colloq)to be soft (in the head) — ser* estúpido
soft sell — venta f blanda ( venta sin técnicas agresivas)
5) ( emotionally attached)to be soft on somebody — tener* debilidad por alguien
6) < drugs> blando; < pornography> blando8) < consonant> débil -
108 appuyer
appuyer [apyije]➭ TABLE 81. transitive verba. ( = poser) [+ objet, coudes] to leanb. ( = presser) to pressc. ( = soutenir) [+ personne, candidature] to back2. intransitive verbb. ( = reposer sur) appuyer sur to rest onc. ( = insister sur) appuyer sur [+ mot, syllabe] to stress3. reflexive verba. ( = s'accoter)s'appuyer sur/contre to lean on/againstb. ( = compter) s'appuyer sur [+ personne, autorité] to lean on• s'appuyer sur des découvertes récentes pour démontrer... to use recent discoveries to demonstrate...* * *apɥije
1.
1) ( poser) to rest [tête] ( sur on; contre against); to put [main, pied] ( sur on; contre against); to lean [coude, objet] ( sur on; contre against)4) ( soutenir) to back [personne, candidat]; to support [action, projet]; [blindés] to support [offensive]
2.
verbe intransitif1) ( presser)appuyer sur — ( avec le doigt) to press; ( avec le pied) to put one's foot on
appuyer sur la détente — to pull ou press the trigger
2) ( insister)appuyer sur — to stress [syllabe, mot]; to emphasize [aspect, argument]
3.
s'appuyer verbe pronominal1) ( prendre appui) to lean ( sur on; contre against)2) ( se fonder)s'appuyer sur — [personne] to rely on [personne, théorie, auteur]; to draw on [loi, rapport]; [étude] to be based on [connaissance, concept]
* * *apɥije1. vt1) (= poser)appuyer qch sur — to lean sth on, to rest sth on
appuyer qch à — to lean sth on, to rest sth on
appuyer qch contre — to lean sth against, to rest sth against
Elle a appuyé son vélo contre la porte. — She leaned her bike against the door.
2) (= soutenir) [personne, demande] to support, to back2. vi1) (= pousser) to press, to pushIl faut appuyer fort, sinon ça ne marche pas. — You have to press hard, otherwise it won't work.
appuyer sur [bouton] — to press, to push, [frein] to put one's foot on
"appuyer sur le bouton jaune" — "press the yellow button", "push the yellow button"
appuyer sur le champignon * — to put one's foot down, to step on the gas
2) (= insister)appuyer sur [mot, détail] — to stress, to emphasize
3) (= peser) [chose lourde]appuyer sur — to rest heavily on, to press against
4) (= toucher)appuyer contre [mur, porte] — to lean against, to rest against
* * *appuyer verb table: essuyerA nm Équit half-pass.B vtr1 ( poser) to lean, to rest [objet, partie du corps] (sur on; contre against); appuyer ses coudes sur la table to rest ou lean one's elbows on the table; appuyer sa tête sur un oreiller to rest one's head on a pillow; appuyer une échelle/bicyclette contre un mur to lean a ladder/bicycle against a wall; il dormait, la tête appuyée contre la vitre du train he was asleep, his head resting against the train window;2 ( presser) to press (contre against; sur on); il a appuyé son doigt sur l'endroit douloureux he pressed his finger on the painful spot; elle appuyait sa cuisse contre la mienne she was pressing her thigh against mine;3 ( baser) to support, to back up [argumentation, démonstration, raisonnement, théorie] (sur with); appuyer une démonstration sur des faits irréfutables to support a demonstration with irrefutable facts;5 Mil [artillerie, aviation, blindés] to support [assaut, offensive].C appuyer sur vtr ind1 ( presser) appuyer sur ( avec le doigt) to press [interrupteur, bouton, sonnette, endroit sensible]; ( avec le pied) to put one's foot on [pédale, frein, levier]; appuie sur l'accélérateur! put your foot down!; appuyer sur la détente to pull ou press the trigger; il faut appuyer sur ton stylo pour que l'encre coule you have to press on your pen to make the ink flow;2 ( insister) appuyer sur to stress [syllabe]; to stress, to emphasize [mot]; to accentuate [note de musique]; to emphasize [aspect, argument, qualités, résultats]; il appuyait lourdement sur les défauts de son collaborateur he put heavy emphasis on ou he dwelled on his collaborator's shortcomings;3 ( se porter sur) [véhicule, automobiliste] appuyer sur la droite/gauche to bear right/left.D s'appuyer vpr1 ( prendre appui) to lean (sur on; contre against); s'appuyer sur une canne/le bras de qn to lean on a stick GB ou cane/sb's arm; s'appuyer contre un mur to lean against a wall; l'édifice s'appuie sur ces colonnes the building is supported by these columns, these columns bear the weight of the building;2 ( se fonder) s'appuyer sur to depend on, to rely on [personne, ami]; to rely on [argument, théorie, démonstration, témoignage]; to draw on [loi, texte, enquête, rapport]; to be based on [connaissance, concept];3 ○(faire, subir) s'appuyer qch to be stuck ou lumbered○ with sth; s'appuyer qn to be stuck ou lumbered○ with sb; c'est toujours moi qui m'appuie la vaisselle I'm always the one who gets stuck ou lumbered○ with doing the dishes; je me suis appuyé le trajet à pied I was forced to go on foot.[apɥije] verbe transitifle vélo était appuyé contre la grille the bicycle was resting ou leaning against the railings2. [étayer] to supportla police, appuyée par l'armée the police, backed up ou supported by the armyappuyer son raisonnement sur des faits to base one's argument on ou to ground one's argument in facts————————[apɥije] verbe intransitifa. [avec le doigt] to press, to pushb. [avec le pied] to press down on2. [insister]a. [mot] to stress, to emphasizeb. [note] to sustain3. AUTOMOBILEappuyer sur la droite/la gauche to bear right/left————————s'appuyer (très familier) verbe pronominal transitif————————s'appuyer à verbe pronominal plus préposition[physiquement] to lean ou to rest on————————s'appuyer contre verbe pronominal plus préposition————————s'appuyer sur verbe pronominal plus préposition1. [se soutenir sur] to lean on2. [s'en remettre à - ami] to lean ou to depend ou to rely on ; [ - amitié, aide] to count ou to rely on ; [ - témoignage] to rely on3. [se fonder sur] -
109 בהל
בָּהַל(b. h.; √בה, v. בהי) to hurry, be excited, anxious. Part. pass. בָּהוּל excited, pressed. Pes.11a sq. אדם ב׳ הואוכ׳ man is excited when his property is at stake. Ib. 72b זמנו ב׳ his time (for doing the thing) is pressed (it cannot be postponed). Yoma 85a, a. e. ב׳ על מתו anxious to save his dead relative from the fire. Pi. בִּיהֵל to agitate, frighten. Y.Yoma VI, 43c bot. למה אתה מְבַהֲלֵינוּ why dost thou agitate us. Hithpa. a. Nithpa. הִתְבָּהֵל, נִתְבָּהֵל to be excited, confounded. Num. R. s. 14 (ref. to tibbahel, Koh. 8:3) אל תִּתְבָּהֵלוכ׳ be not intimidated by his wrath, Ib. לא נ׳ מן מעשיה he was not carried away by her (tempting) actions. Ib. לא נ׳ מפנאיוכ׳ he was not confounded on account of his being alone in the house. Pesik. R. s. 36 מתרעשים ומִתְבַּהֲלִים were in commotion and alarm. Part. Hof. מוּבְהָל, or Pual מְבוֹהָל confounded, hard to pronounce or remember. Gitt.14b שמותיהן מוב׳וכ׳ Ar. (ed. מבו׳) their names are bewildering, beginning with Arda, Arta, Phile.(Deut. R. s. דעתו מובלגת, read מוּבְהֶלֶת his mind is confused, he cannot collect himself for prayer. -
110 בָּהַל
בָּהַל(b. h.; √בה, v. בהי) to hurry, be excited, anxious. Part. pass. בָּהוּל excited, pressed. Pes.11a sq. אדם ב׳ הואוכ׳ man is excited when his property is at stake. Ib. 72b זמנו ב׳ his time (for doing the thing) is pressed (it cannot be postponed). Yoma 85a, a. e. ב׳ על מתו anxious to save his dead relative from the fire. Pi. בִּיהֵל to agitate, frighten. Y.Yoma VI, 43c bot. למה אתה מְבַהֲלֵינוּ why dost thou agitate us. Hithpa. a. Nithpa. הִתְבָּהֵל, נִתְבָּהֵל to be excited, confounded. Num. R. s. 14 (ref. to tibbahel, Koh. 8:3) אל תִּתְבָּהֵלוכ׳ be not intimidated by his wrath, Ib. לא נ׳ מן מעשיה he was not carried away by her (tempting) actions. Ib. לא נ׳ מפנאיוכ׳ he was not confounded on account of his being alone in the house. Pesik. R. s. 36 מתרעשים ומִתְבַּהֲלִים were in commotion and alarm. Part. Hof. מוּבְהָל, or Pual מְבוֹהָל confounded, hard to pronounce or remember. Gitt.14b שמותיהן מוב׳וכ׳ Ar. (ed. מבו׳) their names are bewildering, beginning with Arda, Arta, Phile.(Deut. R. s. דעתו מובלגת, read מוּבְהֶלֶת his mind is confused, he cannot collect himself for prayer. -
111 time
1. noun1) (the hour of the day: What time is it?; Can your child tell the time yet?) ura2) (the passage of days, years, events etc: time and space; Time will tell.) čas3) (a point at which, or period during which, something happens: at the time of his wedding; breakfast-time.) čas4) (the quantity of minutes, hours, days etc, eg spent in, or available for, a particular activity etc: This won't take much time to do; I enjoyed the time I spent in Paris; At the end of the exam, the supervisor called `Your time is up!') čas5) (a suitable moment or period: Now is the time to ask him.) pravi trenutek6) (one of a number occasions: He's been to France four times.) krat7) (a period characterized by a particular quality in a person's life, experience etc: He went through an unhappy time when she died; We had some good times together.) časi8) (the speed at which a piece of music should be played; tempo: in slow time.) tempo2. verb1) (to measure the time taken by (a happening, event etc) or by (a person, in doing something): He timed the journey.) meriti čas2) (to choose a particular time for: You timed your arrival beautifully!) izbrati pravi čas•- timeless- timelessly
- timelessness
- timely
- timeliness
- timer
- times
- timing
- time bomb
- time-consuming
- time limit
- time off
- time out
- timetable
- all in good time
- all the time
- at times
- be behind time
- for the time being
- from time to time
- in good time
- in time
- no time at all
- no time
- one
- two at a time
- on time
- save
- waste time
- take one's time
- time and time again
- time and again* * *I [táim]1.nounčas; delovni čas; ura, trenutek; sport najkrajši čas; music akt, tempo; military tempo, korak, hitrost marša; plural časovna tabela, vozni red; službena doba; doba, epoha, era, vek; časi; prilika, priložnost; krat (pri množenju); nosečnost, porod; določeno razdobje; prosti čas, brezdelje; plural colloquially verb zaporu preživeta leta; računanje časa (po soncu, Greenwitchu itd.); plačilo po času (od ure, od dni itd.)the Times (singular construction) časopis Timestime past, present and to come — preteklost, sedanjost in prihodnosttime! sport zdaj!time, gentlemen, please! time! closing time! — zapiramo! (opozorilo obiskovalcem v muzeju, knjižnici ipd.)against time — proti uri, z največjo hitrostjo, zelo nagloahead of (before) one's time — prezgodaj, preuranjeno, preranoall the time — ves čas, nepretrgano, neprekinjenoat a time — naenkrat, skupaj, skupno, hkratione at a time — po eden, posamičnoat all times — vsak čas, vednoat times — od časa do časa, občasnoat no time — nikoli, nikdarat one time — nekoč, nekdajat some time — kadarkoli, enkratat some other time, at other times — (enkrat) drugič, drugikratat the present time — sedaj, zdaj, táčasat the same time — istočasno, ob istem času; hkrati; vseeno, pri vsem tem, vendarleat this time of day figuratively verb tako kasnem času dneva, ob tako pozni uriat that time — tisti čas, tačásbefore one's time — prezgodaj, preranoby that time — do takrat, dotlej; medtemclose time — hunting lovopusteach time that... — vsakikrat, koevery time — vsakikrat, vsaki potfor the time — trenutno, ta trenutekfor the time being — za sedaj, trenutno, v sedanjih okolnostihin day time — v dnevnem času, podnevi, pri dnevuin no time — v hipu, kot bi trenil (hitro)in the mean time — medtem, med (v) tem časuin the nick of time — v pravem času, v kritičnem časuin time — pravočasno; v ritmu, po taktuin time to come — v bodoče, v prihodnjemany a time — včasih; marsikaterikratmany times — mogokrat, čestomean time — srednji, standardni časnot for a long time — še dolgo ne, še dolgo bo trajalooff time — iz (zunaj) takta, ritmaon time — točno, o pravem časuonce upon a time (there was a king) — nekdaj, nekoč (je bil kralj...)out of time — iz takta, ne po taktu, iz ritma; ob nepravem času, predčasno, prepoznotime after time — ponovno, češčetime and again — ponovno, češče, večkratthis time a year (twelve months) — danes leto (dni), ob letuto time — pravočasno, točno; zelo hitro; obsolete za vednoup to the present time, up to this time — dozdaj, doslej, do danesup to that time — do takrat, dotlejwhat time? — ob katerem času? kdaj?what time? poetically (v času) kowith times — časom, sčasomawhat is the time? what time is it? — koliko je ura?it is high time to go — skrajni čas je, da gremotime is up! — čas je potekel!he is out of his time — končal je učenje (vajenstvo); odslužil je svoj (vojaški) rokit was the first time that — bilo je prvikrat, da...to ask time — economy prositi za podaljšanje rokato beat the time — udarjati, dajati taktto bid (to give, to pass) s.o. the time of (the) day — želeti komu dober dan, pozdraviti kogato call time — sport dati znak za začetek ali za konecto do time slang odsedeti svoj čas v zaporuhe has time on his hands — ima mnogo (prostega) časa, ne ve kam s časomto have a time with colloquially imeti težave zwhat a time he has been gone! — kako dolgo ga ni!to keep time — držati takt (korak), plesati (hoditi, peti) po taktuto keep good time — iti dobro, točno (o uri)I know the time of day colloquially jaz vem, koliko je urathis will last our time — to bo trajalo, dokler bomo živeliwhat time do you make? — koliko je na tvoji (vaši) uri?to lose time — izgubljati čas; (ura) zaostajatito mark time — na mestu stopati (korakati), ne se premikati se z mestato move with the times, to be abreast of the times — iti, korakati s časomto serve one's time — military služiti svoj rokto stand the test of time — obnesti se; upirati se zobu časato take one's time — vzeti si čas, pustiti si častake your time! — ne hiti!to take time by the forelock — pograbiti priliko, izkoristiti (ugoden) trenutektake time while time serves — izkoristiti čas, dokler ga imaštell me the time — povej mi, koliko je uratime and tide wait for no man — čas beži; ne zamudi prilike; izkoristi priložnostto work against time — delati z največjo hitrostjo (tempom);2.adjectivečasoven; economy z določenim plačilnim rokom; (ki je) na obrokeII [táim]1.transitive verbmeriti čas (z uro); določati čas; izbrati (pravi) čas; urediti po času, uravnati po okoliščinah; napraviti kaj ob pravem času; gledati na čas, držati se časa; časovno ugotoviti; regulirati, naravnati (uro); music udarjati, dajati takt (tempo)my train is timed to leave at four — po voznem redu odhaja moj vlak ob štirih;2.intransitive verbujemati se, biti soglasen ( with z), sporazumeti se; držati takt, ritem (to z) -
112 premo
I.Lit.:B.pede pedem alicui premere,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 30:et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,
Verg. A. 7, 518:veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit humi nitens,
id. ib. 2, 379:novercae Monstra manu premens,
id. ib. 8, 288:pressit et inductis membra paterna rotis,
i. e. drove her chariot over her father's body, Ov. Ib. 366:trabes Hymettiae Premunt columnas,
press, rest heavily upon them, Hor. C. 2, 18, 3:premere terga genu alicujus,
Ov. Am. 3, 2, 24:ubera plena,
i. e. to milk, id. F. 4, 769:vestigia alicujus,
to tread in, to follow one's footsteps, Tac. A. 2, 14:nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,
Juv. 1, 43:dente frena,
to bite, to champ, Ov. M. 10, 704:ore aliquid,
to chew, eat, id. ib. 5, 538; cf.:aliquid morsu,
Lucr. 3, 663:presso molari,
with compressed teeth, Juv. 5, 160:pressum lac,
i. e. cheese, Verg. E. 1, 82.—In mal. part.:Hister Peucen premerat Antro,
forced, Val. Fl. 8, 256:uxorem,
Suet. Calig. 25.—Of animals:feminas premunt galli,
Mart. 3, 57, 17.—Transf.1.Poet., to bear down upon, to touch:2.premere litora,
Ov. M. 14, 416:litus,
to keep close to the shore, Hor. C. 2, 10, 3:aëra,
i. e. to fly, Luc. 7, 835.—Poet., to hold fast, hold, firmly grasp:3.premere frena manu,
Ov. M. 8, 37:ferrum,
to grasp, Sil. 5, 670:capulum,
id. 2, 615.—Poet., to press a place with one's body, i. e. to sit, stand, lie, fall, or seat one's self on any thing:4.toros,
Ov. H. 12, 30:sedilia,
id. M. 5, 317:hoc quod premis habeto,
id. ib. 5, 135:et pictam positā pharetram cervice premebat,
id. ib. 2, 421:humum,
to lie on the ground, id. Am. 3, 5, 16; cf. id. F. 4, 844:frondes tuo premis ore caducas,
id. M. 9, 650; Sen. Hippol. 510.—To cover, to conceal by covering (mostly poet.):5.aliquid terrā,
to conceal, bury in the earth, Hor. Epod. 1, 33:nonumque prematur in annum,
kept back, suppressed, id. A. P. 388:omne lucrum tenebris alta premebat humus,
Ov. Am. 3, 8, 36:ossa male pressa,
i. e. buried, id. Tr. 5, 3, 39; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191; hence, to crown, to cover or adorn with any thing:ut premerer sacrā lauro,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 18:molli Fronde crinem,
Verg. A. 4, 147:canitiem galeā,
id. ib. 9, 612:mitrā capillos,
Ov. F. 4, 517; cf. Verg. A. 5, 556.—To make, form, or shape any thing by pressing ( poet.):6.quod surgente die mulsere horisque diurnis, Nocte premunt,
they make into cheese, Verg. G. 3, 400:os fingit premendo,
id. A. 6, 80:caseos,
id. E. 1, 35:mollem terram,
Vulg. Sap. 15, 7; Calp. Ecl. 5, 34.—To press hard upon, bear down upon, to crowd, pursue closely:7.hostes de loco superiore,
Caes. B. G. 7, 19:Pompeiani nostros premere et instare coeperunt,
id. B. C. 3, 46:hac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus,
Verg. A. 1, 467:Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius,
Nep. Hann. 11, 5:hinc Rutulus premit, et murum circumsonat armis,
Verg. A. 8, 473:obsidione urbem,
Caes. B. G. 7, 32.—Of the pursuit or chase of animals:ad retia cervum,
Verg. G. 3, 413:spumantis apri cursum clamore,
id. A. 1, 324:bestias venatione,
Isid. 10, 282.—To press down, burden, load, freight:8.nescia quem premeret,
on whose back she sat, Ov. M. 2, 869:tergum equi,
id. ib. 8, 34;14, 343: et natat exuviis Graecia pressa suis,
Prop. 4, 1, 114 (5, 1, 116):pressae carinae,
Verg. G. 1, 303:pressus membra mero,
Prop. 2, 12 (3, 7), 42:magno et gravi onere armorum pressi,
Caes. B. G. 4, 24:auro phaleras,
to adorn, Stat. Th. 8, 567.—To press into, force in, press upon:b.(caprum) dentes in vite prementem,
Ov. F. 1, 355:presso sub vomere,
Verg. G. 2, 356; cf.:presso aratro,
Tib. 4, 1, 161:alte ensem in corpore,
Stat. Th. 11, 542:et nitidas presso pollice finge comas,
Prop. 3, 8 (4, 9), 14:et cubito remanete presso,
leaning upon, Hor. C. 1, 27, 8. —To make with any thing ( poet.):9.aeternā notā,
Ov. F. 6, 610:littera articulo pressa tremente,
id. H. 10, 140:multā via pressa rotā,
id. ib. 18, 134.—To press down, let down, cause to sink down, to lower:b.nec preme, nec summum molire per aethera currum,
Ov. M. 2, 135:humanaeque memor sortis, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit,
id. Tr. 3, 11, 67:mundus ut ad Scythiam Rhiphaeasque arduus arces Consurgit, premitur Libyae devexus in Austros,
sinks down, Verg. G. 1, 240; Sen. Herc. Fur. 155. —In partic.(α). (β).To make or form by pressing down, to make any thing deep, to dig:(γ). 10.vestigio leviter presso,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; cf.(trop.): vestigia non pressa leviter, sed fixa,
id. Sest. 5, 13:sulcum premere,
to draw a furrow, Verg. A. 10, 296:fossam transversam, inter montes pressit (al. percussit),
Front. Strat. 1, 5:fossa pressa,
Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 4:cavernae in altitudinem pressae,
Curt. 5, 1, 28.—To press closely, compress, press together, close:b.oculos,
Verg. A. 9, 487:alicui fauces,
Ov. M. 12, 509:laqueo collum,
to strangle, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37:angebar ceu guttura forcipe pressus,
Ov. M. 9, 78:presso gutture,
compressed, Verg. G. 1, 410; cf.:siquidem unius praecordia pressit ille (boletus) senis,
i. e. stopped his breath, Juv. 6, 621:quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis,
choked, id. 14, 221:amplexu presso,
united, in close embrace, Sen. Oedip. 192:oscula jungere pressa,
to exchange kisses, Ov. H. 2, 94; so,pressa basia,
Mart. 6, 34, 1:presso gradu incedere,
in close ranks, foot to foot, Liv. 28, 14:pede presso,
id. 8, 8.—In partic.(α).To shorten, tighten, draw in:(β).pressis habenis,
Verg. A. 11, 600 (cf.:laxas dure habenas,
id. ib. 1, 63).—To keep short, prune:(γ).Calenā falce vitem,
Hor. C. 1, 31, 9:luxuriem falce,
Ov. M. 14, 628:falce premes umbras (i. e. arbores umbrantes),
Verg. G. 1, 157; 4, 131:molle salictum,
Calp. Ecl. 5, 110.—To check, arrest, stop:11.premere sanguinem,
Tac. A. 15, 64:vestigia pressit,
Verg. A. 6, 197:attoniti pressere gradum,
Val. Fl. 2, 424 ' dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore, was silent, Verg. A. 6, 155.—To press out, bring out by pressure:12.tenerā sucos pressere medullā,
Luc. 4, 318; cf.: (equus) collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 95, 68, and id. G. 3, 85 Rib.—To frequent: feci ut cotidie praesentem me viderent, habitavi in [p. 1441] oculis, pressi forum, Cic. Planc. 27, 66.—II.Trop.A.To press, press upon, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down; to urge, drive, importune, pursue, to press close or hard, etc. (class.):B.ego istum pro suis factis pessumis pessum premam,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 49 Lorenz ad loc.:quae necessitas eum tanta premebat, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:ea, quae premant, et ea, quae impendeant,
id. Fam. 9, 1, 2:aerumnae, quae me premunt,
Sall. J. 14, 22:pressus gravitate soporis,
bound by heavy, deep sleep, Ov. M. 15, 21:cum aut aere alieno, aut magnitudine tributorum, aut injuriā potentium premuntur,
Caes. B. G. 6, 13:invidia et odio populi premi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 228:premi periculis,
id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:cum a me premeretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139; cf.:aliquem verbo,
id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:criminibus veris premere aliquem,
Ov. M. 14, 401:cum a plerisque ad exeundum premeretur, exire noluit,
was pressed, urged, importuned, Nep. Ages. 6, 1:a Pompeii procuratoribus sescentis premi coeptus est,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3: numina nulla premunt;mortali urgemur ab hoste,
Verg. A. 10, 375:premere reum voce, vultu,
Tac. A. 3, 67:crimen,
to pursue obstinately, Quint. 7, 2, 12:confessionem,
to force a confession from one, id. 7, 1, 29:argumentum etiam atque etiam,
to pursue steadily, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:ancipiti mentem formidine pressus,
Verg. A. 3, 47:maerore pressa,
Sen. Oct. 103:veritate pressus negare non potuit,
overcome, overpowered, Lact. 4, 13.—Transf.1.To repress, hide, conceal (mostly poet.):2.dum nocte premuntur,
Verg. A. 6, 827:curam sub corde,
id. ib. 4, 332:odium,
Plin. Pan. 62:iram,
Tac. A. 6, 50:pavorem et consternationem mentis vultu,
id. ib. 13, 16:interius omne secretum,
Sen. Ep. 3, 4:dolorem silentio,
Val. Max. 3, 3, 1 ext.; cf. silentia, Sil. 12, 646:aliquid ore,
Verg. A. 7, 103:jam te premet nox,
Hor. C. 1, 4, 16.—To lower, diminish, undervalue, disparage, depreciate:b.premendorum superiorum arte sese extollebat,
Liv. 22, 12:arma Latini,
Verg. A. 11, 402:opuscula ( = deprimere atque elevare),
Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 36:famam alicujus,
Tac. A. 15, 49:premere ac despicere,
Quint. 11, 1, 16:premere tumentia, humilia extollere,
id. ib. 10, 4, 1.—To surpass, exceed:c.facta premant annos,
Ov. M. 7, 449:ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat,
id. P. 3, 1, 116:quantum Latonia Nymphas Virgo premit,
Stat. S. 1, 2, 115.—To rule ( poet.):3.dicione premere populos,
Verg. A. 7, 737:imperio,
id. ib. 1, 54:Mycenas Servitio premet,
id. ib. 1, 285.—To suppress, pull down, humble, degrade:4.quae (vocabula) nunc situs premit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 118:nec premendo alium me extulisse velim,
Liv. 22, 59, 10; cf. id. 39, 41, 1:premebat reum crimen,
id. 3, 13, 1.—To compress, abridge, condense:5.haec enim, quae dilatantur a nobis, Zeno sic premebat,
Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20.—To check, arrest, repress, restrain:6.cursum ingenii tui, Brute, premit haec importuna clades civitatis,
Cic. Brut. 97, 332:sub imo Corde gemitum,
Verg. A. 10, 464:vocem,
to be silent, id. ib. 9, 324:sermones vulgi,
to restrain, Tac. A. 3, 6.—To store up, lay up in the mind, muse upon:I. A.(vocem) ab ore Eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit,
Verg. A. 7, 119.—Hence, pressus, a, um, P. a.Lit.:B.presso pede eos retro cedentes principes recipiebant,
Liv. 8, 8, 9:presso gradu,
id. 28, 14, 14; cf.:pressoque legit vestigia gressu,
Ov. M. 3, 17.—Trop.1.Of the voice or manner, subdued:2.haec cum pressis et flebilibus modis, qui totis theatris maestitiam inferant,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106.—Of color, lowered, depressed; hence, dark, gloomy:II.color pressus,
Pall. 4, 13, 4:color viridi pressior,
Plin. 35, 6, 13, § 32:spadices pressi,
Serv. Verg. G. 3, 82.—Esp., of an orator or of speech.A.Compressed, concise, plain, without ornament (class.):B.fiunt pro grandibus tumidi, pressis exiles, fortibus temerarii, etc.,
Quint. 10, 2, 16:cum Attici pressi et integri, contra Asiani inflati et inanes haberentur,
id. 12, 10, 18.—Of style:pressa et tenuia, et quae minimum ab usu cotidiano recedant,
Quint. 10, 1, 102:pressus et demissus stilus,
Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5; Quint. 4, 2, 117.— Comp.: in concionibus pressior, et circumscriptior, et adductior, more moderate, keeping more within bounds, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.—Close, exact, accurate:B.Thucydides ita verbis aptus et pressus, ut,
Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56: quis te fuit umquam in partiundis rebus pressior? more exact, more accurate, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 364, 24:sicuti taxare pressius crebriusque est, quam tangere,
Gell. 2, 6, 5:quod (periculum) observandum pressiore cautelā censeo,
stricter, greater, App. M. 5, p. 160, 36:cogitationes pressiores,
id. ib. 5, p. 163, 32.—So of sounds, precise, intelligible:(lingua) vocem profusam fingit atque sonos vocis distinctos et pressos facit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—Hence, adv.: pressē, with pressure, violently (class.): artius pressiusque conflictata, Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 10, 6, 2.—Closely, tightly.1.Lit.:2.vites pressius putare,
Pall. 12, 9:pressius colla radere,
Veg. Vet. 1, 56.—Trop.a.Of pronunciation, shortly, neatly, trimly:b.loqui non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, sed presse, et aequabiliter, et leniter,
Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; id. Off. 1, 37, 133.—Of the mode of expression, etc., concisely, not diffusely:(β).definire presse et anguste,
Cic. Or. 33, 117:abundanter dicere, an presse,
Quint. 8, 3, 40:pressius et astrictius scripsi,
Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 10.—Without ornament, simply:(γ).unum (genus oratorum) attenuate presseque, alterum sublate ampleque dicentium,
Cic. Brut. 55, 202:aliquid describere modo pressius, modo elatius,
Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 3.—Closely, exactly, correctly, accurately:mihi placet agi subtilius, et pressius,
Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24:definiunt pressius,
id. Tusc. 4, 7, 14:anquisitius, et exactius pressiusque disserere,
Gell. 1, 3, 21. -
113 press
I [pres] nпечать, пресса- daily pressThe bill had a bad press. — Пресса недоброжелательно встретила этот проект.
- yellow press
- free press
- local press
- foreign press
- underground press
- one-party press
- press advertising campaign
- freedom of the press
- censor the press
- control the press
- appear in the press
- get ready for the press
- have a good press
- muzzle the pressUSAGE:Существительное press обычно употребляется с определенным артиклем и может согласовываться с глаголом в единственном и множественном числе: there was a lot about it in the local press об этом много писали местные газетыII [pres] v1) жать, нажимать, надавливатьMy shoe presses on my toes. — Ботинок жмет мне в пальцах/в носке.
Don't press him too hard. — Не ставь его в безвыходное положение.
He is being pressed by his creditors. — На него наседают кредиторы.
- press a lever- press the button lightly
- press home
- press smb's hand2) гладитьI must have my dress (my suit) pressed. — Мне надо погладить платье (костюм).
- press smth- press one's skirt -
114 work
1. n работа, труд; дело; деятельностьwork clothes — рабочая одежда; спецодежда
to do no work — ничего не делать; не трудиться
to set to work — приняться за дело, начать работать
I have work to do — я занят, мне некогда
2. n место работы; занятие; должностьfield work — полевая съёмка, работа в поле; разведка, съёмка
3. n вид деятельности4. n результат труда; изделие, продуктdonkey work — ишачий труд, большая и неблагодарная работа
shop work — механизированный труд; работа с механизмами
5. n произведение, творение, создание; труд, сочинение6. n действие, поступокdirty work — грязное дело; низкий поступок
7. n дела, деяния8. n результат воздействия, усилийthe broken window must be the work of the boys — разбитое окно — это дело рук мальчишек
9. n рукоделие; шитьё; вышивание; вязание10. n обработка11. n предмет обработки; обрабатываемая заготовка; обрабатываемая деталь12. n диал. больпена при брожении; брожение
13. n сл. краплёная кость14. v работать, трудитьсяdouble-shift work — работа в две смены, двухсменная работа
15. v работать по найму; служить16. v заставлять работатьcompany work — работа, которой можно заниматься в компании
arrears of work — недоделанная работа; отставание в работе
17. v действовать, работать; быть в исправности18. v приводить в движение или в действие19. v двигаться, быть в движении; шевелитьсяto be absent from work — не быть на работе; прогулять
20. v действовать, оказывать воздействиеwork on — воздействовать, оказывать влияние; убеждать
21. v обрабатывать; разрабатыватьwork iron — ковать железо; обрабатывать железо
22. v поддаваться обработке, воздействию23. v отрабатывать, платить трудомmental work — умственная работа, умственный труд
24. v разг. использовать25. v добиваться обманным путём; вымогать, выманиватьwork out — высчитать, вычислить, определить путём вычисления
26. v устраивать27. v заниматься рукоделием; шить; вышивать; вязатьСинонимический ряд:1. accomplishment (noun) accomplishment; achievement; deed; feat; fruit; performance; product2. bullwork (noun) bullwork; chore; donkeywork; drudge; drudgery; exertion; grind; labor; labour; moil; plugging; slavery; slogging; sweat; toil; travail3. businesses (noun) businesses; callings; employments; jobs; lines; occupations; pursuits4. enterprise (noun) enterprise; project; responsibility; task; undertaking5. piece (noun) composition; piece; production6. profession (noun) business; calling; employment; industry; job; line; metier; occupation; profession; pursuit; trade; vocation7. volume (noun) opus; publication; title; volume8. workmanship (noun) craftsmanship; workmanship9. accomplish (verb) accomplish; achieve; bring about; cause; do; effect; produce10. act (verb) act; behave; perform; react; take11. drive (verb) drive; drudge; fag; force; labor; labour; moil; push; slave; strain; strive; sweat; task; tax; toil; travail; tug12. form (verb) execute; fashion; finish; form; make13. influence (verb) influence; move; persuade14. operate (verb) control; function; go; handle; knead; manage; manipulate; operate; run; use15. solve (verb) fix; resolve; solve; work out16. tend (verb) cultivate; culture; dress; plow; tend; tillАнтонимический ряд:effortlessness; frustration; idle; idleness; indolence; inertia; leisure; miscarriage; recreation; rest; unemployment -
115 חבט
חָבַט(b. h.; cmp. חבש, הבל) ( to use force, 1) to press down. Erub.42b תקרת … חוֹבֶטֶת the roofing of the house presses upon him (keeps him mindful of the Sabbath limit); v. חָבוּט. B. Mets.80b חֲבָטוֹ לאלתר (Ar. חבסו, v. חָבַס) the load pressed him down immediately (before he could find out that it was too heavy for him). Snh.19b חֲבָטָן בקרקע pressed them into the ground. Succ.IV, 6 (45a) חוֹבְטִין אותןע״ג קרקע בצידי המזבח Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10) they laid them down closely upon one another on the ground by the altar (opp. to זוקפין, Ib. IV, 4). Keth.39a צער שחֲבָטָהּע״גוכ׳ ‘the pain (Mish. ib. 3:4) refers to his pressing her down on the hard ground. 2) to force, to knock open, esp. to knock upon olives to make them burst, before putting them under the press, or upon ears to thresh the grain out. Ex. R. s. 36, beg. מורידין … ונחבט ומשחוֹבְטִיןוכ׳ they take the olive down and it is knocked upon, and after knocking it, they put it into the vat (corresp. to כתש, Men.VIII, 4). Ib. באין או״ה … וחובטין … ממקיםוכ׳ the gentiles come and knock them (the Israelites) from place to place. Men.X, 4; a. e.Part. pass. חָבוּט mashed. Sabb.80b בח׳ when the lime is mashed (and mixed with water); Y. ib. VIII, 11b bot. בחביט (corr. acc.). 3) to lay down for receiving lashes, in gen. to punish, bind over. Gitt.IX, 8 ובנכרים חובטין אותווכ׳ but when the gentile authorities bind him over and say, Do as the Israelites tell thee, (the letter of divorce so enforced) is valid (differ. vers. in Y. ed.); Tosef.Yeb. XII, 13.Tosef.Sot.XV, 7 מסרוהו לבעל זמורה וחֲבָטוֹ ed. Zuck. Var. (Y. Ib. IX, 24b top וחבשו) they gave him in charge of the rod-bearer (v. זְמוֹרָה), and he tried to force him (into submission). Midd. I, 2 חוֹבְטוֹ במקלו he punishes him with his cane. Nif. נֶחְבַּט to be knocked upon; to strike against. Ex. R. s. 36, v. supra.Keth.36b מפני שנֶחְבֶּטֶתוכ׳ because the blind girl may have struck against something (and fallen, so as to have lost her virginity by the shock). Ḥull.51b עוף שנ׳ עלוכ׳ a bird that fell with force upon water.Koh. R. to VII, 8, v. infra. Pi. חִיבֵּט to press down, throw down. Keth. l. c. חִיבְּטָהּע״ג שיראין if he forced her down on (soft) silk garments. Hithpa. חִתְחַבֵּט, נִתְחַבֵּט to prostrate ones self (in prayer, in deep commotion). Gen. R. s. 91 חיה מִתְחַבֵּט לפני רגליווכ׳ he threw himself to the feet of every one (with ref. to Gen. 42:21). Ib. s. 70; Num. R. s. 8, end; Yalk. Gen. 123 דבר שנתח׳וכ׳ a thing for which that patriarch (Jacob) begged in prostration; Koh. R. to VII, 8 שנֶחְבַּט. Deut. R. s. 2, beg. עכשיו הוא מתחנן ומתח׳ now he supplicates and prostrates himself; a. fr. -
116 חָבַט
חָבַט(b. h.; cmp. חבש, הבל) ( to use force, 1) to press down. Erub.42b תקרת … חוֹבֶטֶת the roofing of the house presses upon him (keeps him mindful of the Sabbath limit); v. חָבוּט. B. Mets.80b חֲבָטוֹ לאלתר (Ar. חבסו, v. חָבַס) the load pressed him down immediately (before he could find out that it was too heavy for him). Snh.19b חֲבָטָן בקרקע pressed them into the ground. Succ.IV, 6 (45a) חוֹבְטִין אותןע״ג קרקע בצידי המזבח Ms. M. (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 10) they laid them down closely upon one another on the ground by the altar (opp. to זוקפין, Ib. IV, 4). Keth.39a צער שחֲבָטָהּע״גוכ׳ ‘the pain (Mish. ib. 3:4) refers to his pressing her down on the hard ground. 2) to force, to knock open, esp. to knock upon olives to make them burst, before putting them under the press, or upon ears to thresh the grain out. Ex. R. s. 36, beg. מורידין … ונחבט ומשחוֹבְטִיןוכ׳ they take the olive down and it is knocked upon, and after knocking it, they put it into the vat (corresp. to כתש, Men.VIII, 4). Ib. באין או״ה … וחובטין … ממקיםוכ׳ the gentiles come and knock them (the Israelites) from place to place. Men.X, 4; a. e.Part. pass. חָבוּט mashed. Sabb.80b בח׳ when the lime is mashed (and mixed with water); Y. ib. VIII, 11b bot. בחביט (corr. acc.). 3) to lay down for receiving lashes, in gen. to punish, bind over. Gitt.IX, 8 ובנכרים חובטין אותווכ׳ but when the gentile authorities bind him over and say, Do as the Israelites tell thee, (the letter of divorce so enforced) is valid (differ. vers. in Y. ed.); Tosef.Yeb. XII, 13.Tosef.Sot.XV, 7 מסרוהו לבעל זמורה וחֲבָטוֹ ed. Zuck. Var. (Y. Ib. IX, 24b top וחבשו) they gave him in charge of the rod-bearer (v. זְמוֹרָה), and he tried to force him (into submission). Midd. I, 2 חוֹבְטוֹ במקלו he punishes him with his cane. Nif. נֶחְבַּט to be knocked upon; to strike against. Ex. R. s. 36, v. supra.Keth.36b מפני שנֶחְבֶּטֶתוכ׳ because the blind girl may have struck against something (and fallen, so as to have lost her virginity by the shock). Ḥull.51b עוף שנ׳ עלוכ׳ a bird that fell with force upon water.Koh. R. to VII, 8, v. infra. Pi. חִיבֵּט to press down, throw down. Keth. l. c. חִיבְּטָהּע״ג שיראין if he forced her down on (soft) silk garments. Hithpa. חִתְחַבֵּט, נִתְחַבֵּט to prostrate ones self (in prayer, in deep commotion). Gen. R. s. 91 חיה מִתְחַבֵּט לפני רגליווכ׳ he threw himself to the feet of every one (with ref. to Gen. 42:21). Ib. s. 70; Num. R. s. 8, end; Yalk. Gen. 123 דבר שנתח׳וכ׳ a thing for which that patriarch (Jacob) begged in prostration; Koh. R. to VII, 8 שנֶחְבַּט. Deut. R. s. 2, beg. עכשיו הוא מתחנן ומתח׳ now he supplicates and prostrates himself; a. fr. -
117 czar|y-mar|y
Ⅰ plt (G czarów-marów) pot., iron. hocus-pocus U; mumbo-jumbo U pot.- nie wierzę w te czary-mary I don’t believe in all that mumbo-jumboⅡ inter. (formułka) abracadabra!, hey presto!- wydaje ci się, że powiesz: „czary-mary” i wszystko będzie dobrze you think you can just say ‘hey presto’, and everything will be all right- czas płynie time passes a. goes by- kawał czasu pot. a long time- proces rozłożony w czasie a process continuing over time- trwonić/marnować czas na coś to waste time on sth- spędzać czas na czymś to spend time on sth- czas mijał im na rozmowach o życiu they whiled away the time talking about life2. sgt (moment, pora) the time- czas odjazdu/przyjazdu arrival/departure time- spojrzał na słońce, żeby określić czas he looked at the sun to determine the time- określić przybliżony czas wybuchu to determine the approximate time of the explosion- od czasu skończenia studiów after graduating- rok minął od czasu ich ostatniego spotkania a year had/has passed since their last meeting- co jakiś czas once in a while- od czasu do czasu from time to time, every now and then, occasionally- od tego czasu since then a. that time- do tego czasu nie dowiedzieliśmy się…/nie dowiemy się…/nie wiedzieli we still don’t know even now a. still haven’t learnt…/we won’t know a. find out before then/up to that time they didn’t know3. sgt (odpowiedni moment) time- czas żniw/zbiorów harvest time- nadszedł czas, żeby stąd wyjechać the time has come to leave this place- o czasie on time a. schedule- koncert rozpoczął się o czasie the concert began a. started on time- przyszliśmy po czasie/przed czasem we arrived late/ahead of time- do czasu (ostrzeżenie) you’ll/they’ll find out a. see (one day)!- póki czas while there’s still time4. sgt (odcinek czasu) time, duration- po jakimś czasie after some time- w tym czasie at that time- od dłuższego czasu for a long time- przez cały czas all the time- w czasie during- w czasie wakacji/podróży during a holiday/trip a. journey- ona będzie pod ścisłą obserwacją na czas leczenia she will be under close observation for the duration of the treatment- na czas remontu możesz zamieszkać u mnie you can stay with me while the building work is being carried out5. sgt (ilość czasu) time- mieć czas na coś/dla kogoś to have time for sth/sb- nie mieć czasu na coś/dla kogoś to have no time for sth/sb- mieć mało czasu to be pressed for time- mieć dużo czasu to have lots of time a. time on one’s hands- dawać a. dać komuś trzy dni/dwie godziny czasu na coś to give sb three days/two hours to do sth- przygotowania zajęły mi mnóstwo czasu the preparations took up a lot of my time- zabrakło nam czasu we ran out of time- panie pośle, pański czas się skończył Sir, your time’s up6. Sport (wynik) time- uzyskał najlepszy czas he had the best time- jaki masz czas na 100 metrów? what’s your time for the 100 metres?7. Sport (przerwa w grze) timeout- trener poprosił o czas the coach asked for a timeout8. sgt Astrol., Geog. time- czas letni summer time GB, daylight-saving time US- czas zimowy standard time- czas miejscowy local time9. Jęz. tense- czas przeszły/przyszły/teraźniejszy/zaprzeszły past/future/present/pluperfect a. past perfect tenseⅡ praed. (pora) nie czas na żarty this is no time for joking around- czas spać it’s bedtime, it’s time to go to sleep- czas, żeby poważnie pomyśleć o przyszłości it’s time to do some serious thinking about the future- taksówka czeka, czas na dworzec the taxi’s waiting, it’s time to go to the station- czas na mnie/nas it’s time for me/us to go- najwyższy czas, żebyś się ożenił/żebyśmy poszli do domu it’s high a. about time you got married/we went homeⅢ czasy plt (okres) times, days- ciężkie czasy hard times- od niepamiętnych czasów since time immemorial a. time out of mind- to były czasy! those were the days- w czasach minionych in days gone by- w dzisiejszych czasach nowadays, in this day and age- w ostatnich czasach a. ostatnimi czasy lately- z czasów czegoś dating back to sth- dziennik/broń z czasów wojny a diary/weapons dating back to the war- za czyichś czasów in sb’s time a. day- za dawnych czasów in days of old- za wszystkie czasy as if there was no tomorrow- pamiętać lepsze czasy przen. to have seen better days- wyprzedzić swoje czasy to be ahead of one’s timeⅣ czasami adv. (nieraz, niekiedy) sometimes, on and off Ⅴ czasem adv. 1. (nieraz, niekiedy) sometimes, now and then 2. (przypadkiem) by any chance- czy nie masz czasem zapalniczki? do you have a lighter by any chance?, do you happen to have a lighter?- nie zgub czasem tych pieniędzy mind a. be careful you don’t lose that money- □ czas gwiazdowy Astron. sidereal time- czas ochronnyMyślis. closed season- czas strefowy Astron. zone time- czas uniwersalny Astron. universal time, Greenwich Mean Time, G.M.T.- średni czas słoneczny Astron. mean (solar) time- nie róbmy tego na czas, zróbmy to dobrze let’s not rush it, let’s just do it well- swego a. swojego czasu once, in one’s time a. day- swego czasu był to ruchliwy port in its time a. day it was a (very) busy port- w swoim czasie (niegdyś) once, in one’s time a. day; (w odpowiednim momencie) in due time a. course- w swoim czasie był przystojnym mężczyzną he was a handsome man in his day- dowiesz się wszystkiego w swoim czasie you’ll learn everything in due course a. when the time comes- onego czasu przest., książk. in the olden days książk.- wszech czasów all-time- aktor/serial wszech czasów an all-time favourite actor/series- gest był nie na czasie the gesture was ill-timed a. untimely- kapelusze są teraz na czasie hats are in right now pot.- narkomania to temat na czasie drug addiction is a very topical issue- wyścig z czasem a race against time a. against the clock- czas to pieniądz przysł. time is money- szkoda czasu i atłasu przysł. it’s a waste of time and money, it’s not worth the troubleThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > czar|y-mar|y
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118 ÞYKKJA
I)(þykki, þótta, þótt), v.1) to be thought to be, seem to be, be esteemed or reckoned as;hón þótti beztr kostr, she was thought the best match;2) with dat. it seems to one, one thinks (þykki mér ráð, at þú farir at finna Gizur hvíta);e-m þykkir at e-u, one feels hurt at, takes it to heart, is displeased with (þótti mönnum mikit at um víg Kjartans);mér þykkir fyrir (or fyr) e-u, I dislike, am unwilling to (mér þykkir meira fyrir en öðrum mönnum at vega menn);e-m þykkir mikit um e-t, one takes it much to heart (honum þótti svá mikit um fall Ólafs konungs, at);e-m þykkir mikit undir e-u, one thinks it of great importance (mikit þótti spökum mönnum undir því, at);impers., vilda ek, at þér þœtti eigi verr, I wish that thou wouuldst not take it amiss;þótti sinn veg hvárum, they disagreed;þykki mér sem undan sé gaflveggrinn, it seems to me as though the gable-wall were down;þótti mér þeir sœkja at (= sem þeir sœkti at), methought they pressed hard on me;3) refl., þykkjast, to seem to oneself, think oneself, think (en ek þykkjumst þó mjök neyddr til hafa verit);hann þykkist einn vita allt, he thinks he alone knows everything;þykkist hann mjök fyrir öðrum mönnum, he thinks himself far above other men;en Brynhildr þykkist brúðr var-gefin, but B. will think she is ill-matched.f.1) thought;liking, sentiment, disposition;fóru þykkjur þeira saman, their sentiments went together;2) dislike, displeasure (leggja þykkju á e-n or e-t).* * *pres. þykkir, pret. þótti, subj. þætti (i. e. þœtti), part. þótt: a middle form þykkjumk and þóttumk: the form with kk is the true old one, and is always so written in rhymes by old poets (with fékk, hykk, þekkir, etc.): in mod. usage one k has been lost, þykja, þykir, and so often in Editions, but erroneously; the ancients often sounded this word with i, þikkja, þikkir, but y is the older and better form: with neg. suff. þykkir-a, þótti-t, þóttisk-a-þú, Ls. 60; þykkj-at, Hkv. 2. 22; þikkir-a, Fms. vi. 447 (in a verse): [þykkja þótti and þekkja þátti are correlative verbs, one neut. the other transit.; so also Goth. þagkjan þahta = λογίζεσθαι, and þugkjan þauhta = δοκειν; A. S. þencan þahte and þincan þuhte; Germ. denken dachte and dünken dünkte; a trace of the neut. sense remains in Engl. methinks, methought.]A. To be thought, seem:I. to be thought to be, seem to be, be esteemed, valued; ok hann mundi þá þykkja betr gengit hafa, en sitja við eldstó móður sinnar, Fs. 6; muntú þar göfugr þykkja á því landi ok verða kynsæll, Landn. 260; öngir þóttu ( were thought) löglegir dómar nema hann væri í, … hón þótti beztr kostr, Nj. 1; tíðindi þau er mörgum þótti mikil, 123; saka-staði þá er hann þótti á eiga, 166; þótti hvárum-tveggja þær ræður skemtiligar, Eg. 686; öllum þótti þeirra ferð in svívirðiligsta, Nj. 263; bætt vóru vígin sem vert þótti, 88; ek þótta ok þjóðans rekkum hverri hæri, I was thought by them to be, Gkv. 1. 19.II. with dat. it seems to one, one thinks, denoting thought, feeling, sentiment, also resentment, as may be seen from the references, (cp. Germ. mich dünkt; Engl. methinks); mikit þótti spökum mönnum undir því at menn ætti gott saman í útverjum, Ld. 38; Halli þótti Ingjaldr lítt vilja hefja sitt ráð til þroska, id.: vel þykki mér, hvergi þykki mér við hníta, Ísl. ii. 343; þér þótti eigi þess vert at við mik væri um talat, þykki mér þetta ráð eigi svá mikils-háttar, id.; vilda ek, at þér þætti eigi verr, that thou shouldest not think the worse, be displeased, Nj. 17; þótti sinn veg hvárum, they disagreed, Ld. 38; þeir ræddu at Guðrúnu þætti lítið dráp Bolla, they said that G. took little thought of Bolli’s death, 246; þótti okkr gott ( it seemed good to us) er þeim var ótti at ykkr, Nj. 252; allir menn mæltu at betra þætti hjá Skarphéðni dauðum en þeir ætluðu, 209; Finnr lét sér fjándskap í þykkja við konung, Fms. vi. 294; Gunnari þótti fýsilegt … þótti þeim sér nú mundu lítið fyrir, Nj. 113; mér þykkir sem málum várum sé komit í únýtt efni, ef …, 150; þan (tíðendi) megu mér mikil þykkja, ok eigi ólíklig, Fs. 9; vil ek sjá hverr slægr mér þykkir í þér vera, 11; mér þykkir þeir merkiligstir menn, 19; ekki þikki mér þetta sjór, Landn. 251; vel þykkir mér at þú farir brott, 260; eigi þikki mér sem vér munim í þessum dal búnað reisa, Fs. 25; þat þótti honum mest af bregða, 77; líkami Bergþóru þikki mér at líkendum ok þó vel, Nj. 208; nú þykkja þeim eigi tíðir í görandi, K. Þ. K. 154; nú þikkir presti eigi rétt at skírn farit, 14; þikki mér ráð, at þú farir at finna Gizur hvíta, Nj. 77; ek veit at þér þykkir mikit fyrir ferðum, id., Fms. i. 195; undr þótti mér, er bróðir þinn vildi eigt taka af þér þetta starf, Nj. 77; höfðu menn þat fyrir satt at þeim þætti mikit fyrir at skiljask, Ld. 190; hvárt þykkir þér undir því sem mest at vit sém sem vitrastir, Nj. 263; honum þykkir mikit undir at þeim færisk vel, Ísl. ii. 343; hann heilsar þeim … þat ætlum vér at þér þykki lítið undir um vára heilsan, … en þat vitum vér at oss þykkir eigi verr at þú værir eigi heil, Fbr. 62; hann segir sér mikit þykkja at láta eignir sínar, Eg. 539; þó þú látir þér einskis þ. vert um dráp Bárðar, 255; hann spurði hvat honum þótti, eða þykkir þér hér eigi gott, Nj. 126; hefir ek nökkut þat gört at þér þykki við mik at, Gísl. 16; allt þat er honum þykkir af við mik, Ó. H. 148; þótti honum mikit at um víg Kjartans, Ld. 226; sem mér þykkir meira fyrir en öðrum mönnum at vega menn, Nj. 85; ek hygg at honum muni nú minnst fyrir þ., Fms. xi. 113; er mér þykkir allítið fyrir at missa, … þótti þeim sem Egill mundi eigi aptr koma, Eg. 223; þótti honum sér úvænt til undan-kvámu, 406; þeir er höfðu sér traust at mæla sem þótti, to speak as they thought, Fms. i. 22; þat þótti Þorkatli mest af bregða er í vatni skyldi þvásk, Fs. 77: with the notion of vision, dreams, or the like, þótti mér þeir sækja at öllu-megin … en Hjört þótti mér þeir hafa undir, … eptir þat þótti mér stökkva vargarnir, Nj. 95; þeim þótti hann vera kátr ok kveða í hauginum, 118; ok þótti honum hann vekja sik, 121; þá þótti mér undarliga við bregða, mér þótti hann þá kalla …, 211; æpti hann svá mikit óp at mér þótti allt skjálfa í nándir, 212; hón þótti mér þat vel þekkjask, Ísl. ii. 194; ekki þótti henni blómit svá mikit á vera, 14; ok þótti mér ílla sæma … þótti mér sjá skaði miklu meiri, etc., Ld. 126. 128.B. Reflex.; the forms þykkjumk and þóttumk, also spelt with mz:I. subject and object being the same person, I myself, he himself, or the like; to seem to oneself, to think oneself, of oneself, with oneself, or the like; hversu mikinn styrk fólkit þykkisk af honum hafa, Edda (pref.) 148; ok þóttumk ek ekki þess verðr frá henni, því at ek þykkjumk þat hafa lýst nökkurum sinnum, at mér hefir ekki hennar úvirðing betri þótt en sjálfs míns, Gísl. 35; svá þykkjumzt ek jafnan gört hafa, Fms. vi. 101; en ek þykkjumk þó mjök neyddr til hafa verit, Nj. 88: to seem to oneself, ok þóttisk-a þú þá Þórr vera, thou didst not seem to thyself to be Thor, daredst not call thyself Thor, Ls. 60; hét Grímr ferðinni þá er hann þættisk búinn, Eg. 108; til hvers þykkjask þessir menn færir, Hrafn. 17: with the notion of presumption or pride, ok þykkisk hann mjök fyrir öðrum, he thinks himself much above others, Ld. 38; þó þykkisk ér þjóðkonungar, Skv. 3. 35; hann þykkisk einn vita allt, Nj. 32: with the notion of appearance, not reality, þá þóttisk hann rista henni manrúnar, he deluded himself. Eg. 587: with the notion of vision, to dream that, Njáll mælti, undarliga sýnisk mér nú, ek þykkjumk sjá um alla stofuna (ok þykki mér sem undan sé gaflveggrinn), Nj. 197; þat dreymdi mik at ek þóttumk ríða fram hjá Knafahólum, þar þóttisk ek sjá varga marga, … ok þóttumk ek þá eigi vita hvat mér hlífði … en ek þóttumk verða svá reiðr, at …, 95; hann þóttisk játa því, 121; ek þóttisk staddr at Lómagnúpi, Nj.; dreymt hefir mik í nótt … þar þóttumk ek vera staddr er eigi þótti öllum einnog, ok þóttumk ek hafa sverðit … en ek þóttumk kveða vísur tvær í svefninum, Ísl. ii. 352; þat dreymði mik at ek þóttisk heima vera at Borg, … álpt eina væna ok fagra ok þóttisk ek eiga, ok þótti mér allgóð …, 194; hón þóttisk sjá tré mikit í rekkju þeirra Grímkels, 14; úti þóttumk ek vera stödd við læk nokkurn, … ek þóttumk vera stödd hjá vatni einu … ok þóttumk ek eiga ok einkar vel sama, … ek þóttumk eiga gullhring, … er ek þóttumk þá bera hjá mér þann hug, … þá þótumk ek sjá fleiri brestina á … ek þóttumk hafa hjálm á höfði … ek þóttumk eiga þá görsemi, Ld. 126, 128; hvat er þat drauma? ek þóttumk fyr dag rísa, etc., Em. (begin.) In the first person the ancients use the form þóttumk þykkjumk much more frequently than þykkist þóttisk, which is the mod. form.II. the subject being different, he or it seemed to me, a middle form, this use is rare, and only occurs in poetry; gott þóttumk þat, er ek þögn of gat, it seemed good to me, I was glad that I got a bearing, Höfuðl. 19; úlfar þóttumk öllum betri, ef þeir léti mik lífi týna, the wolves seemed all the better friends if they would let me lose my life, Gh. 11. -
119 ни то ни сё
разг., неодобр., пренебр.1) (нечто среднее, неопределённое) neither one nor the other; something indefinite, uncertain, vague, etc.Шухов лежал и лежал на спрессовавшихся опилках своего матрасика. Хотя бы уж одна сторона брала - или забило бы в ознобе, или ломота прошла. А то ни то ни сё. (А. Солженицын, Один день Ивана Денисовича) — Shukhov went on lying on his sawdust matress, pressed hard with use. If only one side would get the upper hand: either let him fall into a real feverish chill or let those aches in his joints pass. This was neither one nor t'other.
2) (посредственно, ни плохо ни хорошо) neither bad nor good, so-so; middling; betwixt and between- Да, - повторил князь, - но что ж вообще: хорошо... недурно идёт?.. - Ни то ни сё, - отвечал Калинович. (А. Писемский, Тысяча душ) — 'Ah, but how are things with you in a general way?' asked the Count. 'All right? Not bad?' 'Neither bad nor good,' replied Kalinovich.
3) (ничем не выделяющийся, посредственный человек) neither fish nor flesh (fowl); neither fish, nor flesh, nor good red herring; neither here nor there; so-soОдин бог разве мог сказать, какой был характер Манилова. Есть род людей, известных под именем: люди так себе, ни то ни сё. (Н. Гоголь, Мёртвые души) — God alone, perhaps, could tell what sort of character Manilov's was. There is a species of men labeled as so-so, neither here nor there.
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120 soft
soft1) (not hard or firm; easily changing shape when pressed: a soft cushion.) myk, bløt2) (pleasantly smooth to the touch: The dog has a soft, silky coat.) myk, bløt3) (not loud: a soft voice.) dempet, lav, svak4) ((of colour) not bright or harsh: a soft pink.) svak, myk, dempet5) (not strict (enough): You are too soft with him.) mild6) ((of a drink) not alcoholic: At the party they were serving soft drinks as well as wine and spirits.) alkoholfri; brus7) (childishly weak, timid or silly: Don't be so soft - the dog won't hurt you.) feig•- softly- softness
- soften
- soft-boiled
- soft-hearted
- soft-spoken
- software
- softwood
- have a soft spot formild--------mykIsubst. \/sɒft\/1) noe som er mykt, noe(n) som er ettergivende2) myk del, bløt del3) mykhet, bløthet, ettergivenhetIIadj. \/sɒft\/1) myk, bløt2) dempet, svak, myk3) mild, behagelig, lun, blid4) (om språklyd, ikke vitenskapelig term) bløt, stemt5) ( hverdagslig) lett, makelig, behagelig6) ( overført) svak, veik, slapp, pyset, bløt(hjertet), ettergivendehan begynner å bli bløthjertet \/ har har mistet grepetas soft as velvet myk\/bløt som fløyel, fløyelsmyka soft touch (hverdagslig, om person) dumsnill, lettlurt, lett å håndterebe soft on\/about someone være småforelsket i noen, sverme for noen være ettergivende overfor noenhave a soft spot for være glad i, være svak forsoft focus ( fotografi) softfokusbilde, myk\/lett\/sløret (skarphets)innstillingsoft in the head ( hverdagslig) bløt på pæra, sprø, galsoft radiation ( fysikk) bløtstrålet, ikke gjennomtrengende strålingsoft voice dempet stemmesoft weather godvær, mildværsoft winter mild vintersoft words milde ordIIIadv. \/sɒft\/1) mykt, dempet, mildt, stille2) sakteIVinterj. \/sɒft\/ ( gammeldags)1) stille, tyst, hysj2) sakte
См. также в других словарях:
(be) hard pressed to do something — be ˌhard ˈpressed/ˈpushed to do sth | be hard ˈput (to it) to do sth idiom to find it very difficult to do sth • He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance. Main entry: ↑hardidiom … Useful english dictionary
Hard — Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. [1913 Webster] And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. [1913 Webster] My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak. [1913 … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hard by — Hard Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. [1913 Webster] And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. [1913 Webster] My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hard pushed — Hard Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. [1913 Webster] And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. [1913 Webster] My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hard run — Hard Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. [1913 Webster] And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. [1913 Webster] My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Hard up — Hard Hard, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.] 1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly. [1913 Webster] And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince. Dryden. [1913 Webster] My father Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. Shak.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
hard — hard1 W1S1 [ha:d US ha:rd] adj comparative harder superlative hardest ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(firm to touch)¦ 2¦(difficult)¦ 3¦(work/effort)¦ 4¦(full of problems)¦ 5 be hard on somebody 6 be hard on something 7 do something the hard way … Dictionary of contemporary English
hard — hard1 [ hard ] adjective *** ▸ 1 firm & not easy to break ▸ 2 difficult to do ▸ 3 full of problems ▸ 4 strong & not frightened ▸ 5 unkind/cruel ▸ 6 with much physical force ▸ 7 about water ▸ 8 winter/frost: severe ▸ 9 facts, etc.: can be proved ▸ … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
hard put — adjective facing or experiencing financial trouble or difficulty (Freq. 1) distressed companies need loans and technical advice financially hard pressed Mexican hotels are lowering their prices we were hard put to meet the mortgage payment found… … Useful english dictionary
hard — 1 adjective FIRM TO TOUCH 1 firm and stiff, and difficult to press down, break, or cut: Diamond is the hardest substance known to man. | The plums are much too hard to be eaten now. | The chairs in the waiting room felt hard and uncomfortable.… … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
hard — [[t]hɑ͟ː(r)d[/t]] ♦ harder, hardest 1) ADJ GRADED Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken. He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor... Something cold and hard pressed into the back of his … English dictionary