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1 method
1) метод; способ; средство2) система; порядок3) технология4) методика•- method of applying liquid lubrication - method of calculation - method of column analogy - method of comparison - method of connecting - method of determining bending moments by fixed points - method of directions - method of elastic arch - method of elastic weights - method of electric needles - method of exchange of members - method of firing - method of fixed points - method of images - method of initial parameters - method of joints - method of least squares - method of least work - method of limit equilibrium - method of minimum strain energy - method of moments - method of movement - method of operation - method of payment - method of planning - method of production - method of redundant reactions - method of rotations - method of sections - method of separate joint displacement - method of slopes - method of stowage - method of strain measurement method - method of substitute redundant members - method of successive approximations - method of successive corrections - method of training - method of transportation - method of working - method of zero moment points - methods of network planning and control - ad hoc method - advertising method - aero-projection method - air-permeability method - airslide method - approximation method - arbitrary proportions method - area moment method - artificial islands method - ball method of testing - bench method - bidding methods - brush method of treatment timber - building methods - caisson method - cantilever method of design - cassette method of production of thin-slab structures - central mixing method - centre drift method - centrifuge method - centroidal method of design - change-in-stress method - chemical injection method - closed building method - column analogy method of design - compressed-air method of tunnelling - concrete testing method - cone method - construction works quality control method - core-drill method - correlation method - cut-and-cover method - cut-and-try method - cylinder method - deflection method - design methods - development method - dip method - dipping method of treatment timber - effective method - electrolytic method - emulsified-asphalt penetration method - energy method - equal load increments method - equal strain method - error method - fabrication method - fixing method - float and chains method - flow-line conveyer method - force method - graphical method - heading method of tunnelling - hot-air heating standpipe method - hot penetration method - hydraulic fill method - impact method - kinematic method - lacquer film method - land-assembly methods - lift-slab method - limit equilibrium method - limit stage design method - line production method - loading method - magnaflux method - mechanical method by pumps - membrane method of waterproofing - mixed-in-place method - mock-up methods of design - modular ratio method - moire fringe method - moment area method - moment-distribution method - moment-of-inertia method of designing - mud-jack method - mulch method - near end moment distribution method - neutral-points method - non-destructive testing methods - normal method - packing methods - patented method of construction - penetration method - percussive pneumatic method of riveting - photo-elastic method of stress-determination - photo-elasticity method - pilot method - pilot tunnel method - pin-and-string method - pipe-bridge method - plastic method of design - plastic theory method - polarized light method - portal method of design - pounding method of curing concrete - production line method of construction - qualitative methods - quantitative methods - relaxation method - ring-and-ball method - rolled-on method - safe method of heat insulation - safety methods - sampling method - sand-bearing method of testing clay pipes - sand-island method - scheduling method - seismic method of prospecting - simultaneous construction method - slope deflection method - spatial self-fixation erection method - statistical analysis method - stovepipe pipe-laying method - strain-energy method - successive construction method - surface-coating method of waterproofing - synthetic method of restoration - thixotropic liquid method - tilt-up method - top-heading method - transfiguration method - trial-load method - turnover method - ultimate-strength method - ultrasonic pulse velocity method - void method of proportioning - volume method of concrete mix design - volumetric method - water-jet method of pile-driving - weight method - well-point method of excavation - work method - working stress method of design* * *метод, способ; система; порядок; методика; технология- method of analysis
- method of application
- method of attack
- method of bearing and distances
- method of bipolar coordinates
- method of calculation
- method of design
- method of detail survey
- method of elastic weights
- method of electric needles
- method of expansion into series
- method of fixed points
- method of intersection
- method of joint isolation
- method of least work
- methods of manufacture
- method of minimum strain energy
- method of moment distribution
- method of radiation
- method of redistribution of pressure
- method of sections
- method of steam jet
- methods of structural analysis
- method of successive approximations
- methods of testing
- method of water needles
- accepted method of building
- accepted method of house construction
- accurate method of analysis
- adhesive nail-on method
- admittance method
- advanced methods of concreting
- advance slope method
- aggregate exposure method
- air permeability method
- alternate methods
- American method
- analytical method of determining reactions
- API method of pile design
- approximate method
- approximation method
- area method
- area-moment method
- assembly methods
- Austrian method
- autogenous curing method
- balanced cantilever method
- Belgian method
- Benoto method
- bentonite method
- Billner method
- "bin" method
- boiling water method
- boom placement concreting method
- bricklaying methods
- building method
- building block module method
- cable method of rock stressing
- calculation method
- cantilever method
- Chicago method
- circular-arc method
- Coast-Survey method
- collapse method of structural design
- combined finite strip-finite element method
- compaction methods of clays
- conjugate beam method
- consistency measurement method
- construction methods
- construction and erection methods
- contiguous pile method
- continuous-flight augers method
- continuous-sample method of advance
- convergence method
- critical method
- critical path method
- Cross moment distribution method
- Cross method
- cross-section method
- current design methods
- cut-and-cover method
- dampproofing methods
- displacement method
- displacement method of advance
- dual-rail method
- dummy unit-load method
- dust-spot method
- Dutch cone method
- earth pressure balanced tunneling method
- elastic center method
- elastic weights method
- electric analogy method
- electric resisting method
- energy method
- equal friction method of duct sizing
- equal friction method
- equivalent load method
- erection method
- fast track construction methods
- fatigue test method
- finite difference method
- finite element method
- finite strip method
- flight auger method
- flotation caisson method
- flue loss method
- folded plate method of analysis
- force method
- free cantilever method of construction
- general method of analysis
- Glotzl hydraulic cell method
- Gow method
- Hardy Cross method
- housing appraisal method
- in-duct method
- industrialized methods of construction
- iterative method
- jack method
- jacking method
- lacquer curtain coating method
- laser beam method
- leap-frog method
- limit equilibrium method
- limit state method
- listening methods
- load factor design method
- mandrel method
- mathematical method of design
- matrix method of structural analysis
- maturity method
- measuring method
- mixed-mode method
- mix-in-place method
- modern building methods
- modular ratio method
- moiré fringe method
- moment-balance method
- nondestructive methods of tests
- normal method of quality control
- null method
- numerical method
- one-rail method
- optical square method
- permissible stress method
- phototheodolite method
- plastic methods of structural analysis
- plate count method
- precast concrete manufacturing methods
- pressuremeter method
- proven construction methods
- p-y method of pile design
- rapid test method
- ratio method of balancing
- rebound hammer method
- reference point method
- relaxation method
- reproducible methods
- resistivity method
- resonant-frequency method
- reverberant field method
- Rockwell method of hardness testing
- safe method
- safe working methods
- secant interlocking pile method
- secant pile method
- seismic method of surveying
- seismic reflection method
- seismic refraction method
- semiprobabilistic design method
- shear transfer method
- shock response method of pile testing
- sliding-wedge method
- slope deflection method
- solar radiation method
- sonic method
- special method of quality control
- standard test method
- static regain method of duct sizing
- static regain method
- statistical design method
- step-by-step method
- strength design method
- strength evaluation method
- successive approximations method
- suspended cantilever method
- swamp shooting method
- Tagg method
- tangent modulus method
- test methods
- Theis method
- thixotropic liquid method
- three-point method
- tilt-up method
- time-saving method of construction
- TNO method of analysis
- TNO method of pile testing
- transit and stadia method
- tremie method
- truss analogy method
- turn-of-nut method
- ultrasonic pulse velocity method
- vacuum concrete method of bridge construction
- valveless pulse-jet method
- vane shear method
- velocity reduction method of duct sizing
- velocity reduction method
- vibratory method
- Vickers method of hardness testing
- volume method of measuring aggregates
- warm water method
- water fog spray method
- western bricklaying method
- western method
- working-stress design method -
2 propose
1. I1) he lain во hurry to propose он не торопится делать предложение2) what do you propose? что вы предлагаете?; в чем состоит ваше предложение?; I have nothing to propose мне нечего предложить, у меня нет никаких предложений;2. III1) propose smth., smb. book. propose a new method (a scheme, a plan, a course of action, a change, drastic measures, etc.) предлагать новый метод и т.д.; propose a motion вносить /выдвигать/ предложение; propose a resolution (a case, a question, this matter, etc.) выносить /выдвигать/ резолюцию и т.д. на обсуждение /рассмотрение/; propose a candidate предлагать [на обсуждение] кандидатуру; propose a walk (an early start, etc.) предлагать прогулку /пойти погулять/ и т.и.; propose a law предложить [новый] закон; propose one's opinion /one's view/ высказать свою точку зрения; what salary do you propose? какое вы можете предложить жалование?2) propose smth., smb. book. propose a toast поднимать /провозглашать/ тост; propose smb.'s health пить [за] чье-л. здоровье /за кого-л./; I propose our president предлагаю выпить /поднять бокалы/ за нашего председателя3) || propose a marriage. сделать предложение, предложить выйти замуж3. IVpropose smth. in some manner propose smth. repeatedly (seriously, conditionally, spontaneously, etc.) неоднократно и т.д. предлагать что-л.4. XIbook. be proposed as smth. this town was proposed as the place for the meeting этот город был предложен в качестве места встречи; be proposed for smth. who was proposed for chairman? кого предложили в председатели /избрать председателем/?5. XIIIpropose to do smth. propose to start early (to dine out tonight, to leave for the city tomorrow, to go to France in August, to make a change, to save half of all she makes, etc.) собираться /намереваться/ выехать /отправиться в путь/ рано и т.д.; what do you propose to do now? что вы теперь собираетесь /намерены/ делать?; do you propose to take a vacation this summer? вы предлагаете взять отпуск этим летом?6. XIVpropose doing smth. propose answering at once (banding in my resignation, leaving at noon, starting early, etc.) намереваться ответить тотчас же и т.д.7. XVIpropose to smb. propose to his sister сделать предложение его сестре, просить его сестру выйти замуж; when did he propose to her? когда он сделал ей предложение?8. XXI1propose smb. for smth. book. propose a man for a post (him for an office, Mm.X for a manager, etc.) выдвигать кого-л. да какой-л. пост и т.д.; propose a member for the club (smb. for membership, her for a member of a society, etc.) предлагать /выдвигать/ кого-л. в члены клуба и т.д.; propose smth. to smb. book. propose the question to oneself ставить перед собой вопрос; the object I propose to myself цель, которую я себе намечаю9. XXIV1propose smb. as smb. book. propose Mm.Janes as president (as chairman, etc.) выдвигать господина Джоунза на пост президента и т.д.10. XXVpropose that... propose that a doctor be sent for (that a messenger be sent, that we should start early, that he should take a great man for a model, that we take turns at the swing, that the motion be rejected, etc.) предложить, чтобы послали за врачом и т.д. -
3 plan
I 1. [plæn]1) (scheme, course of action) piano m., programma m.to go according to plan — andare secondo i piani o come previsto
2) (definite aim) progetto m.3) arch. ing. tecn. progetto m.4) (map) pianta f., piantina f.2.1) (arrangements) programmi m., progetti m., piani m.I have no particular plans — (for tonight) non ho niente di particolare in programma; (for the future) non ho fatto progetti
2) arch. ing.II 1. [plæn]the plans — i disegni, il progetto
1) (prepare, organize) pianificare [future, economy]; preparare [ timetable]; organizzare, programmare [day, meeting, expedition]; progettare [ career]; organizzare la struttura di [essay, book]2) (intend) organizzare, programmare [ trip]; (propose) proporre [ visit]; prevedere [ new development]; progettare [ factory]; premeditare [ crime]3) arch. ing. progettare, disegnare [kitchen, garden, building]2.to plan for — prevedere [changes, increase]
to plan on sth., on doing — (expect) aspettarsi qcs., di fare; (intend) avere in programma qcs., di fare
- plan out* * *1. noun1) (an idea of how to do something; a method of doing something: If everyone follows this plan, we will succeed; I have worked out a plan for making a lot of money.) piano2) (an intention or arrangement: My plan is to rob a bank and leave the country quickly; What are your plans for tomorrow?) piano, progetto3) (a drawing, diagram etc showing a building, town etc as if seen from above: These are the plans of/for our new house; a street-plan.) pianta2. verb1) ((sometimes with on) to intend (to do something): We are planning on going to Italy this year; We were planning to go last year but we hadn't enough money; They are planning a trip to Italy.) progettare2) (to decide how something is to be done; to arrange (something): We are planning a party; We'll have to plan very carefully if we are to succeed.) organizzare3) (to design (a building, town etc): This is the architect who planned the building.) progettare•- planner- planning
- go according to plan
- plan ahead* * *I 1. [plæn]1) (scheme, course of action) piano m., programma m.to go according to plan — andare secondo i piani o come previsto
2) (definite aim) progetto m.3) arch. ing. tecn. progetto m.4) (map) pianta f., piantina f.2.1) (arrangements) programmi m., progetti m., piani m.I have no particular plans — (for tonight) non ho niente di particolare in programma; (for the future) non ho fatto progetti
2) arch. ing.II 1. [plæn]the plans — i disegni, il progetto
1) (prepare, organize) pianificare [future, economy]; preparare [ timetable]; organizzare, programmare [day, meeting, expedition]; progettare [ career]; organizzare la struttura di [essay, book]2) (intend) organizzare, programmare [ trip]; (propose) proporre [ visit]; prevedere [ new development]; progettare [ factory]; premeditare [ crime]3) arch. ing. progettare, disegnare [kitchen, garden, building]2.to plan for — prevedere [changes, increase]
to plan on sth., on doing — (expect) aspettarsi qcs., di fare; (intend) avere in programma qcs., di fare
- plan out -
4 introduce
[ɪntrə'djuːs]vtto introduce sb (to sb) — przedstawiać (przedstawić perf) kogoś (komuś)
to introduce sb to sth — zaznajamiać (zaznajomić perf) kogoś z czymś
may I introduce …? — Pan/Pani pozwoli, że przedstawię …
* * *[intrə'dju:s]1) ((often with to) to make (people) known by name to each other: He introduced the guests (to each other); Let me introduce you to my mother; May I introduce myself? I'm John Brown.) przedstawić2) ((often with into) to bring in (something new): Grey squirrels were introduced into Britain from Canada; Why did you introduce such a boring subject (into the conversation)?) wprowadzić3) (to propose or put forward: He introduced a bill in Parliament for the abolition of income tax.) przedłożyć4) ((with to) to cause (a person) to get to know (a subject etc): Children are introduced to algebra at about the age of eleven.) zapoznać•- introductory -
5 measure
ˈmeʒə
1. сущ.
1) мера;
единица измерения The measure is given in centimeters. ≈ Единицей измерения является сантиметр. dry measures ≈ меры сыпучих тел linear measures ≈ меры длины liquid measures ≈ меры жидкостей square measures ≈ меры площади
2) мерка
3) степень, мера, предел Flood victims received a full measure of aid. ≈ Жертвы наводнения получили необходимую помощь. He loved her beyond measure. ≈ Он любил ее без меры. Syn: share, allotment, quantity, amount, portion, quota, allowance, extent, degree, range, scope;
necessary amount, required amount;
limit, limitation, bound, restraint, moderation, temperance
4) мера, мероприятие We took measure to insure their safety. ≈ Мы приняли меры по обеспечению их безопасности. to take measure against smuggling ≈ принять меры по борьбе с контрабандой coercive measure, compulsory measure ≈ принудительные меры draconian measure ≈ драконовские меры drastic measure, harsh measure, stern measure, stringent measure ≈ суровые меры emergency measure, extreme measure, radical measure ≈ крайние меры preventive measure, prophylactic measure ≈ профилактические меры safety measure, security measure ≈ меры безопасности stopgap measure, temporary measure ≈ временные меры Syn: course, means, step, method, resort, proceeding, procedure
5) мат. делитель greatest common measure ≈ наибольший общий делитель
6) стих. метр, размер, стопа
7) муз. такт;
размер
8) мн.;
геол. пласты определенной геологической формации;
свита
9) полигр. ширина столбца ∙ measure for measure ≈ око за око, зуб за зуб
2. гл.
1) а) измерять, мерить;
отмерять, отсчитывать (тж. measure off) Did you measure the windows before buying the curtains? ≈ Ты померила окно, прежде чем покупать занавески? The salesman measured off three metres of the wood. ≈ Продавец отмерил три метра дерева. б) иметь размер The tablecloth measures 18 by 20 feet. ≈ Скатерть имеет размеры 18 на 20 футов. ∙ Syn: find the size of, size;
time, clock;
to be the size of, be long, be wide
2) снимать мерку
3) измерять, оценивать, определять It's hard to measure the importance of good manners. ≈ Трудно оценить важность хороших манер. Syn: evaluate, value, assess, appraise, gauge, survey, judge
4) сравнивать, мериться силами (with, against - с)
5) соразмерять;
приводить в соответствие
6) поэт. покрывать (расстояние) ∙ measure off measure out measure up мера, система измерений - dry * мера сыпучих тел - square * квадратная мера, мера площади - linear * линейная мера, мера длины - metrical * метрическая мера - cubic * кубическая мера, мера обьема единица измерения, мера - an inch is a * of length дюйм - это мера длины - 20 *s of wheat двадцать мер пшеницы - a quart * кварта, сосуд /мера/ в одну кварту - full * полная мера - to sell smth. by * продавать что-л. мерами - to give good * дать полную меру;
отпустить (товар) с походом;
воздать полной мерой - short * недовес, недомер( о длине), недостача (о деньгах) масштаб, мерило, критерий - * of value мерило стоимости мерка, размер - made to * сшитый по мерке, сшитый на заказ - to have a suit made to * сшить костюм на заказ - to take smb.'s * снимать мерку с кого-л.;
(образное) присматриваться к кому-л.;
определять чей-л. характер;
(образное) распознать, раскусить кого-л. - it took him less then a day to get the * of his new assistant не прошло и дня, как он раскусил своего нового помощника - to take the enemy's * изучать противника;
приобрести боевой опыт степень;
предел;
мера - it is a * of the success of this book that... об успехе его книги можно судить по тому, что...;
успех его книги объясняется тем, что... - in some /a/ * в какой-то мере, до известной степени, отчасти - by any * по любым меркам - in a great /large/ * в значительной /большой/ степени;
очень изрядно, чрезвычайно - his efforts were in large * wasted его усилия, в значительной степени, пропали даром - beyong /out off, above/ * чрезмерно, чрезвычайно - to know no * не знать меры /границ/;
потерять чувство меры - to grieve beyond * очень /неутешно/ горевать - her joy was beyond /knew no/ * ее радость была беспредельна, ее радость не знала границ - within * умеренно, в пределах дозволенного /разумного/ - to do everything in /with due/ * делать все разумно, всегда поступать достаточно разумно - to set *(s) to smth. ограничивать что-л.;
ставить предел чему-л. - words do not always give the * of one's feelings слова не всегда выражают всю полноту чувств - he repaid my kindness in full * он сполна отплатил мне за мою доброту мероприятие;
мера - to take /to adopt/ drastic *s принимать крутые /решительные/ меры - to have recourse to drastic *s прибегать к решительным /крутым/ мерам - what *s do you propose? какие меры вы предлагаете? (юридическое) закон - pass a * принять закон (математика) делитель (делящий число без остатка) - greatest common * наибольший общий делитель (стихосложение) метр, размер, стопа (музыкальное) такт, размер обыкн. pl пласты определенной геологической формации;
свита - coal *s каменноугольные пласты (полиграфия) формат строки;
ширина столбца (устаревшее) танец( особ. плавный) > * for good * в добавок;
для ровного счета > * for * око за око, зуб за зуб измерять, мерить - to * a piece of cloth отмерить кусок материала - to * a piece of ground измерить площадь участка, произвести замер земли - to * land межевать (землю) отмерять;
отсчитывать;
выдавать по мерке;
распределять (тж. * off, * out) - a clock *s time часы отсчитывают время снимать мерку - to * smb. for clothes снимать мерку с кого-л. чтобы сшить одежду - I am going to be *d for an overcoat с меня снимут мерку для (того, чтобы сшить) пальто оценивать, определять (характер и т. п.) - to * the gravity of the situation оценить /определить/ серьезность положения - to * smb. with one's eye смерить кого-л. взглядом - he *d his foe он оценивал силу своего противника иметь размер - this room *s 30 feet across эта комната имеет 30 футов в ширину - she *s more round the waist than she used to у нее талия уже не та сравнивать, померяться - to * one's strength with smb. померяться силами с кем-л. - I'll * my strength against his я готов померяться с ним силами выдерживать сравнение соразмерять;
приводить в соответствие;
приспосабливать - to * one's desires by one's means соразмерять свои желания с возможностями - * your speech by your listeners постройте свое выступление в соответствии с уровнем аудитории покрывать (какое-л. расстояние) определять границы;
разграничивать( обыкн. * out) > to * one's length растянуться во весь рост, упасть плашмя > to * swords with smb. скрестить мечи с кем-л.;
померяться силами с кем-л. > to * cloth by another's yard мерить другого на свой аршин > to * thrice and cut once семь раз отмерь, один отрежь adequate ~ соответствующая мера advance ~ предупредительная мера appropriate ~ надлежащая мера as a provisional ~ в качестве временной меры avoidance ~ маневр уклонения birth control ~ меры по регулированию рождаемости coercive ~ метод принуждения coercive ~ принудительная мера collective ~ коллективная мера compulsory ~ принудительная мера consequential ~ логически вытекающая мера contingency ~ чрезвычайная мера control ~ мера контроля coordinating ~ координационная мера credit policy ~ мера в рамках кредитной политики crisis ~ меры выхода из кризиса cubic ~ мера объема disciplinary ~ дисциплинарная мера dry ~ мера сыпучих тел ~ мера;
dry (linear, liquid, square, etc.) measures меры сыпучих тел (длины, жидкостей, площади и т. п.) economy ~ мера бережливости emergency ~ чрезвычайная мера enforcement ~ мера принуждения enforcement ~ принудительная мера exchange ~ валютное мероприятие financial ~ финансовый показатель fiscal ~ меры в области налогообложения forcible ~ мера принуждения full (short) ~ полная( неполная) мера ~ полигр. ширина столбца;
measure for measure = око за око, зуб за зуб;
to get the measure (of smb.) раскусить (кого-л.) to give a ~ of hope до некоторой степени обнадежить, вселить какую-то надежду to give good ~ перен. воздать полной мерой to give good ~ дать полную меру measure мат. делитель;
greatest common measure общий наибольший делитель half ~ полумера ~ иметь размеры;
the house measures 60 feet long дом имеет 60 футов в длину in some (или in a) ~ до некоторой степени, отчасти insulating ~ обособляющая мера interim ~ предварительный показатель intervention ~ мера вмешательства investigation ~ мера по расследованию legal ~ законная мера legislative ~ законодательная мера a limited ~ of success неполный, относительный успех ~ мерка;
made to measure сшитый по мерке;
сделанный на заказ management control ~ мера управленческого контроля measure мат. делитель;
greatest common measure общий наибольший делитель ~ единица измерения ~ измерение ~ измерять, мерить;
отмерять (тж. measure off) ~ измерять ~ иметь размеры;
the house measures 60 feet long дом имеет 60 футов в длину ~ критерий ~ масштаб, мерило, критерий;
measure of value мерило стоимости ~ масштаб ~ мера, мероприятие;
to take (drastic) measures принять (решительные, крутые) меры ~ мера;
dry (linear, liquid, square, etc.) measures меры сыпучих тел (длины, жидкостей, площади и т. п.) ~ мера ~ мерило ~ мерить ~ мерка;
made to measure сшитый по мерке;
сделанный на заказ ~ мерка ~ мероприятие ~ прос. метр, размер ~ определять ~ отмерять ~ оценивать, определять (характер и т. п.) ~ pl геол. пласты определенной геологической формации;
свита ~ показатель ~ поэт. покрывать (расстояние) ;
measure off отмерять;
measure out отмерять;
выдавать по мерке;
распределять ~ помериться силами (with, against - с) ~ предел, степень;
to set measures (to smth.) ограничивать (что-л.) ;
ставить предел (чему-л.) ~ предел ~ приводить в соответствие ~ приспосабливать ~ размер ~ система измерений ~ снимать мерку;
to measure a person with one's eye смерить (кого-л.) взглядом ~ соразмерять;
регулировать;
to measure one's acts (by) соразмерять свои поступки (с) ~ соразмерять ~ сравнивать ~ степень ~ муз. такт ~ уст. танец ~ полигр. ширина столбца;
measure for measure = око за око, зуб за зуб;
to get the measure (of smb.) раскусить (кого-л.) ~ снимать мерку;
to measure a person with one's eye смерить (кого-л.) взглядом ~ полигр. ширина столбца;
measure for measure = око за око, зуб за зуб;
to get the measure (of smb.) раскусить (кого-л.) ~ of support степень поддержки ~ масштаб, мерило, критерий;
measure of value мерило стоимости ~ поэт. покрывать (расстояние) ;
measure off отмерять;
measure out отмерять;
выдавать по мерке;
распределять ~ соразмерять;
регулировать;
to measure one's acts (by) соразмерять свои поступки (с) ~ up (to;
иногда тж. with) оправдывать (надежды) ;
to measure one's length растянуться во весь рост ~ поэт. покрывать (расстояние) ;
measure off отмерять;
measure out отмерять;
выдавать по мерке;
распределять ~ to curb consumption мера по ограничению потребления ~ up (to;
иногда тж. with) достигать( уровня) ~ up (to;
иногда тж. with) оправдывать (надежды) ;
to measure one's length растянуться во весь рост ~ up (to;
иногда тж. with) соответствовать, отвечать( требованиям) measures of support масштабы помощи;
меры по оказанию помощи monetary policy ~ показатель денежно-кредитной политики money ~ стоимостный показатель penal ~ карательная мера precautionary ~ мера предосторожности preference ~ показатель предпочтения preventive ~ предупредительная мера preventive: ~ предупредительный;
preventive measure предупредительная мера probability ~ вероятностная мера protectionist ~ протекционистская мера protective ~ защитная мера provisional ~ временная мера provisional ~ предварительная мера punitive ~ штрафная санкция relief ~ мера по оказанию помощи remedial ~ исправительная мера restrictive ~ ограничительная мера safeguard ~ мера предосторожности safety ~ мера безопасности security ~ мера безопасности security ~ мера предосторожности service ~ показатель степени обслуживания ~ предел, степень;
to set measures (to smth.) ограничивать (что-л.) ;
ставить предел (чему-л.) special ~ специальная мера special ~ специальное мероприятие standardized ~ стандартизованный показатель statutory ~ законная мера support ~ мера в поддержку support ~ мера для поддержки курса to take (smb.'s) ~ перен. присматриваться (к кому-л.) ;
определять (чей-л.) характер to take (smb.'s) ~ снимать мерку (с кого-л.) ~ мера, мероприятие;
to take (drastic) measures принять (решительные, крутые) меры measures: take ~ принимать меры taxation ~ критерий налогообложения taxation ~ показатель налогообложения trade promoting ~ мера стимулирования торговли transitional ~ временная мера waiting ~ показатель времени ожидания welfare ~ показатель благосостояния -
6 plan
1. n план, программа действийfive-year plan — пятилетний план, пятилетка
2. n проектa building erected after the plans of an eminent architect — здание, воздвигнутое по проекту известного архитектора
3. n чертёж; схема; диаграмма4. n горизонтальная проекция5. n крупномасштабная карта, план6. n замысел, план, намерение7. n способ действийthe best plan would be … — самое лучшее будет …
game plan — запланированный ряд действий; стратегия
8. n цель, задача9. n церк. расписание служб на кварталuni-service plan — план, составленный одной службой
10. v составлять план, планировать11. v строить планы; намереваться, затеватьto plan for the future — строить планы на будущее; думать о будущем
12. v распланировать; запланироватьplan on — планировать; план
Синонимический ряд:1. course (noun) approach; attack; course; line; procedure; tack; technique2. drawing (noun) chart; diagram; draft; drawing; map; outline; representation; sketch3. end (noun) aim; ambition; animus; end; goal; intendment; intent; intention; meaning; objective; point; purpose; target; view4. order (noun) method; order; orderliness; pattern; system5. scheme (noun) blueprint; conception; contrivance; design; formula; game plan; idea; layout; premeditation; project; schema; scheme; strategy6. chart (verb) chart; organize; outline; prepare7. design (verb) arrange; blueprint; cast; concoct; contrive; delineate; design; devise; draw up; frame; illustrate; lay out; map; map out; plot; project; set out8. mean (verb) aim; contemplate; intend; mean; project; propose; purpose -
7 put
1 ( place) mettre [object] ; put them here please mettez-les ici s'il vous plaît ; to put sth on/under/around etc mettre qch sur/sous/autour de etc ; to put a stamp on a letter mettre un timbre sur une lettre ; to put a lock on the door/a button on a shirt mettre une serrure sur la porte/un bouton sur une chemise ; to put one's arm around sb mettre son bras autour de qn ; to put one's hands in one's pockets mettre les mains dans ses poches ; to put sth in a safe place mettre qch en lieu sûr ; to put sugar in one's tea mettre du sucre dans son thé ; to put more sugar in one's tea ajouter du sucre dans son thé ; to put more soap in the bathroom remettre du savon dans la salle de bains ;2 ( cause to go or undergo) to put sth through glisser qch dans [letterbox] ; passer qch par [window] ; faire passer qch à [mincer] ; to put one's head through the window passer la tête par la fenêtre ; to put one's fist through the window casser la fenêtre d'un coup de poing ; to put sth through the books Accts faire passer qch dans les frais généraux ; to put sth through a test faire passer un test à qch ; to put sth through a process faire suivre un processus à qch ; to put sb through envoyer qn à [university, college] ; faire passer qn par [suffering, ordeal] ; faire passer [qch] à qn [test] ; faire suivre [qch] à qn [course] ; after all you've put me through après tout ce que tu m'as fait subir ; to put sb through hell faire souffrir mille morts à qn ; to put one's hand/finger to porter la main/le doigt à [mouth] ;3 ( cause to be or do) mettre [person] ; to put sb in prison/on a diet mettre qn en prison/au régime ; to put sb on the train mettre qn dans le train ; to put sb in goal/in defence GB mettre qn dans les buts/en défense ; to put sb in a bad mood/in an awkward position mettre qn de mauvaise humeur/dans une situation délicate ; to put sb to work mettre qn au travail ; to put sb to mending/washing sth faire réparer/laver qch à qn ;4 (devote, invest) to put money/energy into sth investir de l'argent/son énergie dans qch ; if you put some effort into your work, you will improve si tu fais des efforts, ton travail sera meilleur ; to put a lot into s'engager à fond pour [work, project] ; sacrifier beaucoup à [marriage] ; to put a lot of effort into sth faire beaucoup d'efforts pour qch ; she puts a lot of herself into her novels il y a beaucoup d'éléments autobiographiques dans ses romans ;5 ( add) to put sth towards mettre qch pour [holiday, gift, fund] ; put it towards some new clothes dépense-le en nouveaux vêtements ; to put tax/duty on sth taxer/imposer qch ; to put a penny on income tax GB augmenter d'un pourcent l'impôt sur le revenu ;6 ( express) how would you put that in French? comment dirait-on ça en français? ; how can I put it? comment dirai-je? ; it was-how can I put it-unusual c'était-comment dire-original ; that's one way of putting it! iron on peut le dire comme ça! ; as Sartre puts it comme le dit Sartre ; to put it simply pour le dire simplement ; to put it bluntly pour parler franchement ; let me put it another way laissez-moi m'exprimer différemment ; that was very well ou nicely put c'était très bien tourné ; to put one's feelings/one's anger into words trouver les mots pour exprimer ses sentiments/sa colère ; to put sth in writing mettre qch par écrit ;7 ( offer for consideration) présenter [argument, point of view, proposal] ; to put sth to soumettre qch à [meeting, conference, board] ; to put sth to the vote mettre qch au vote ; I put it to you that Jur j'ai la présomption que ;8 (rate, rank) placer ; where would you put it on a scale of one to ten? où est-ce que tu placerais cela sur une échelle allant de un à dix? ; to put sb in the top rank of artists placer qn au premier rang des artistes ; I put a sense of humour before good looks je place le sens de l'humour avant la beauté ; I put a sense of humour first pour moi le plus important c'est le sens de l'humour ; to put children/safety first faire passer les enfants/la sécurité avant tout ; to put one's family before everything faire passer sa famille avant tout ;9 ( estimate) to put sth at évaluer qch à [sum] ; to put the value of sth at estimer la valeur de qch à [sum] ; I'd put him at about 40 je lui donnerais à peu près 40 ans ;10 Sport lancer [shot] ;C v refl ( p prés - tt- ; prét, pp put) to put oneself in a strong position/in sb's place se mettre dans une position de force/à la place de qn.I didn't know where to put myself je ne savais pas où me mettre ; I wouldn't put it past him! je ne pense pas que ça le gênerait! (to do de faire) ; I wouldn't put anything past her! je la crois capable de tout! ; put it there ○ ! ( invitation to shake hands) tope là! ; to put it about a bit ◑ péj coucher à droite et à gauche ◑ ; to put one over ou across GB on sb ○ faire marcher qn ○.■ put about:▶ put [sth] about, put about [sth]1 ( spread) faire circuler [rumour, gossip, story] ; to put (it) about that faire courir le bruit que ; it is being put about that le bruit court que ;2 Naut faire virer de bord [vessel].■ put across:▶ put across [sth], put [sth] across communiquer [idea, message, concept, case, point of view] ; mettre [qch] en valeur [personality] ; to put oneself across se mettre en valeur.■ put aside:▶ put aside [sth], put [sth] aside mettre [qch] de côté [money, article, differences, divisions, mistrust].■ put away:▶ put away [sth], put [sth] away1 ( tidy away) ranger [toys, dishes] ;2 ( save) mettre [qch] de côté [money] ;▶ put away [sb] ○, put [sb] away ○1 ( in mental hospital) enfermer ; he had to be put away il a fallu l'enfermer ;2 ( in prison) boucler ○ [person] (for pour).■ put back:▶ put back [sth], put [sth] back3 retarder [clock, watch] ; remember to put your clocks back an hour n'oubliez pas de retarder votre pendule d'une heure ;4 ( delay) retarder [project, production, deliveries] (by de) ;5 ○ ( knock back) descendre ○ [drink, quantity].■ put by GB:▶ put [sth] by, put by [sth] mettre [qch] de côté [money] ; to have a bit (of money) put by avoir un peu d'argent de côté.■ put down:▶ put [sth] down, put down [sth]1 (on ground, table) poser [object, plane] (on sur) ; mettre [rat poison etc] ;2 ( suppress) réprimer [uprising, revolt, opposition] ;3 ( write down) mettre (par écrit) [date, time, name] ; put down whatever you like mets ce que tu veux ;4 ( ascribe) to put sth down to mettre qch sur le compte de [incompetence, human error etc] ; to put sth down to the fact that imputer qch au fait que ;6 Vet ( by injection) piquer ; ( by other method) abattre ; to have a dog put down faire piquer un chien ;7 (advance, deposit) to put down a deposit verser des arrhes ; to put £50 down on sth verser 50 livres d'arrhes sur qch ;8 (lay down, store) mettre [qch] en cave [wine] ; affiner [cheese] ;9 ( put on agenda) inscrire [qch] à l'ordre du jour [motion] ;▶ put [sb] down, put down [sb]2 ○ ( humiliate) rabaisser [person] ;4 (classify, count in) to put sb down as considérer qn comme [possibility, candidate, fool] ; I'd never have put you down as a Scotsman! je ne t'aurais jamais pris pour un Écossais! ; to put sb down for ( note as wanting or offering) compter [qch] pour qn [contribution] ; ( put on waiting list) inscrire qn sur la liste d'attente pour [school, club] ; put me down for a meal compte un repas pour moi ; to put sb down for £10 compter 10 livres pour qn ; to put sb down for three tickets réserver trois billets pour qn.▶ put forth [sth], put [sth] forth1 présenter [shoots, leaves, buds] ;2 fig émettre [idea, theory].■ put forward:▶ put forward [sth], put [sth] forward1 ( propose) avancer [idea, theory, name] ; soumettre [plan, proposal, suggestion] ; émettre [opinion] ;2 ( in time) avancer [meeting, date, clock] (by de ; to à) ; don't forget to put your clocks forward one hour n'oubliez pas d'avancer votre pendule d'une heure ;▶ put [sb] forward, put forward [sb] présenter la candidature de (for pour) ;▶ put sb forward as présenter qn comme [candidate] ; to put oneself forward présenter sa candidature, se présenter ; to put oneself forward as a candidate présenter sa candidature ; to put oneself forward for se présenter pour [post].■ put in:▶ put in1 [ship] faire escale (at à ; to dans ; for pour) ;2 ( apply) to put in for [person] postuler pour [job, promotion, rise] ; demander [transfer, overtime] ;▶ put in [sth], put [sth] in1 (fit, install) installer [central heating, shower, kitchen] ; to have sth put in faire installer qch ;2 ( make) faire [request, claim, offer, bid] ; to put in an application for déposer une demande de [visa, passport] ; poser sa candidature pour [job] ; to put in a protest protester ; to put in an appearance faire une apparition ;3 ( contribute) passer [time, hours, days] ; contribuer pour [sum, amount] ; they are each putting in £1 m chacun apporte une contribution d'un million de livres ; to put in a lot of time doing consacrer beaucoup de temps à faire ; to put in a good day's work avoir une bonne journée de travail ; to put in a lot of work se donner beaucoup de mal ; thank you for all the work you've put in merci pour tout le mal que tu t'es donné ;4 ( insert) mettre [paragraph, word, reference] ; to put in that mettre que ; to put in how/why expliquer comment/pourquoi ;5 ( elect) élire ; that puts the Conservatives in again les conservateurs ont donc été élus encore une fois ;▶ put [sb] in for présenter [qn] pour [exam, scholarship] ; poser la candidature de [qn] pour [promotion, job] ; recommander [qn] pour [prize, award] ; to put oneself in for poser sa candidature pour [job, promotion].■ put off:▶ put off from s'éloigner de [quay, jetty] ;▶ put off [sth], put [sth] off1 (delay, defer) remettre [qch] (à plus tard) [wedding, meeting] ; to put sth off until June/until after Christmas remettre qch à juin/à après Noël ; I should see a doctor, but I keep putting it off je devrais voir un médecin, mais je remets toujours ça à plus tard ; to put off visiting sb/doing one's homework remettre à plus tard une visite chez qn/ses devoirs ;▶ put off [sb], put [sb] off1 (fob off, postpone seeing) décommander [guest] ; dissuader [person] ; to put sb off coming with an excuse trouver une excuse pour dissuader qn de venir ; to be easily put off se décourager facilement ;2 ( repel) [appearance, smell, colour] dégoûter ; [manner, person] déconcerter ; to put sb off sth dégoûter qn de qch ; don't be put off by the colour-it tastes delicious! ne te laisse pas dégoûter par la couleur-c'est délicieux! ;3 GB ( distract) distraire ; stop trying to put me off! arrête de me distraire! ; you're putting me off my work tu me distrais de mon travail ;4 ( drop off) déposer [passenger].■ put on:▶ put on [sth], put [sth] on1 mettre [garment, hat, cream, lipstick] ;2 (switch on, operate) allumer [light, gas, radio, heating] ; mettre [record, tape, music] ; to put the kettle on mettre de l'eau à chauffer ; to put the brakes on freiner ;3 ( gain) prendre [weight, kilo] ;4 ( add) rajouter [extra duty, tax] ;5 ( produce) monter [play, exhibition] ;7 (lay on, offer) ajouter [extra train, bus service] ; proposer [meal, dish] ;8 ( put forward) avancer [clock] ;▶ put [sb] on2 ○ US faire marcher ○ [person] ;3 ( recommend) to put sb on to sth indiquer qch à qn ; who put you on to me? qui vous a envoyé à moi? ;■ put out:▶ put out1 Naut partir (from de) ; to put out to sea mettre à la mer ;2 ◑ US péj coucher avec n'importe qui ○ ;▶ put out [sth], put [sth] out2 ( extinguish) éteindre [fire, cigarette, candle, light] ;5 (make available, arrange) mettre [food, dishes, towels etc] ;6 ( sprout) déployer [shoot, bud, root] ;7 ( cause to be wrong) fausser [figure, estimate, result] ;8 ( dislocate) se démettre [shoulder, ankle] ;9 ( subcontract) confier [qch] en sous-traitance [work] (to à) ;▶ put [sb] out1 ( inconvenience) déranger ; to put oneself out se mettre en quatre ○ (to do pour faire) ; to put oneself out for sb se donner beaucoup de mal pour qn ; don't put yourself out for us ne vous dérangez pas pour nous ;2 ( annoy) contrarier ; he looked really put out il avait l'air vraiment contrarié ;3 ( evict) expulser.■ put over = put across.■ put through:▶ put [sth] through, put through [sth]1 ( implement) faire passer [reform, bill, amendment, plan, measure] ;2 Telecom ( transfer) passer [call] (to à) ; she put through a call from my husband elle m'a passé mon mari ○ ;▶ put [sb] through Telecom passer [caller] (to à) ; I'm just putting you through je vous le/la passe ; I was put through to another department on m'a passé un autre service.■ put together:▶ put [sb/sth] together, put together [sb/sth]1 ( assemble) assembler [pieces, parts] ; to put sth together again, to put sth back together reconstituer qch ; more/smarter than all the rest put together plus/plus intelligent que tous les autres réunis ;2 ( place together) mettre ensemble [animals, objects, people] ;3 ( form) former [coalition, partnership, group, team, consortium] ;4 (edit, make) constituer [file, portfolio, anthology] ; rédiger [newsletter, leaflet] ; établir [list] ; faire [film, programme, video] ;5 ( concoct) improviser [meal] ;■ put up:▶ put up2 to put up with ( tolerate) supporter [behaviour, person] ; to have a lot to put up with avoir beaucoup de choses à supporter ;▶ put up [sth] opposer [resistance] ; to put up a fight/struggle combattre ; to put up a good performance [team, competitor] bien se défendre ;▶ put [sth] up, put up [sth]1 ( raise) hisser [flag, sail] ; relever [hair] ; to put up one's hand/leg lever la main/la jambe ; put your hands up! ( in class) levez le doigt! ; put 'em up ○ ! ( to fight) bats-toi! ; ( to surrender) haut les mains! ;2 ( post up) mettre [sign, poster, notice, plaque, decorations] ; afficher [list] ; to put sth up on the wall/on the board afficher qch sur le mur/au tableau ;3 (build, erect) dresser [fence, barrier, tent] ; construire [building, memorial] ;4 (increase, raise) augmenter [rent, prices, tax] ; faire monter [temperature, pressure] ;5 ( provide) fournir [money, amount, percentage] (for pour ; to do pour faire) ;6 ( present) soumettre [proposal, argument] ; to put sth up for discussion soumettre qch à la discussion ;7 ( put in orbit) placer [qch] en orbite [satellite, probe] ;▶ put [sb] up, put up [sb]1 ( lodge) héberger ;2 ( as candidate) présenter [candidate] ; to put sb up for proposer qn comme [leader, chairman] ; proposer qn pour [promotion, position] ; to put oneself up for se proposer comme [chairman] ; se proposer pour [post] ;3 ( promote) faire passer [qn] au niveau supérieur [pupil] ; to be put up [pupil, team] monter (to dans) ;4 ( incite) to put sb up to sth/to doing pousser [qn] à/à faire ; somebody must have put her up to it quelqu'un a dû l'y pousser.■ put upon:▶ put upon [sb] abuser de [person] ; to be put upon se faire marcher sur les pieds ; to feel put upon avoir l'impression de se faire marcher sur les pieds ; I won't be put upon any more je ne me ferai plus jamais avoir ○. -
8 Poitevin, Alphonse Louise
[br]b. 1819 Conflans, Franced. 1882 Conflans, France[br]French chemical engineer who established the essential principles of photolithography, carbon printing and collotype printing.[br]Poitevin graduated as a chemical engineer from the Ecole Centrale in Paris in 1843. He was appointed as a chemist with the Salines National de l'Est, a post which allowed him time for research, and he soon became interested in the recent invention of photography. He conducted a series of electrolytic experiments on daguerreotype plates in 1847 and 1848 which led him to propose a method of photochemical engraving on plates coated with silver or gold. In 1850 he joined the firm of Periere in Lyons, and the same year travelled to Paris. During the 1850s, Poitevin conducted a series of far-reaching experiments on the reactions of chromates with light, and in 1855 he took out two important patents which exploited the light sensitivity of bichromated gelatine. Poitevin's work during this period is generally recognized as having established the essential principles of photolithography, carbon printing and collotype printing, key steps in the development of modern photomechanical printing. His contribution to the advancement of photography was widely recognized and honours were showered upon him. Particularly welcome was the greater part of the 10,000 franc prize awarded by the Duke of Lynes, a wealthy art lover, for the discovery of permanent photographic printing processes. This sum was not sufficient to allow Poitevin to stop working, however, and in 1869 he resumed his career as a chemical engineer, first managing a glass works and then travelling to Africa to work in silver mines. Upon the death of his father he returned to his home town, where he remained until his own death in 1882.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1865. Paris Exposition Internationale Gold Medal for Services to Photography, 1878.BibliographyDecember 1855, British patent nos 2,815, 2,816.Further ReadingG.Tissandiers, 1876, A History and Handbook of Photography, trans. J.Thomson. J.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E.Epstean, New York.H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.JWBiographical history of technology > Poitevin, Alphonse Louise
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