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21 πρόσωπον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `face, countenance, mask, role, person' (Il.).Other forms: ep. pl. also - πατα (cf. below).Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. προσωπο-λήπτης m. `who respects persons, who is partial' with - ληπτέω, - ληψία (NT). Very often as 2. member, mostly late., e.g. μικρο-πρόσωπος `small-faced' (Arist.).Derivatives: Dimin. προσωπ-ίδιον (Ar.), - εῖον (- ιον) n. `mask' (Thphr., LXX), the plantname - ιον, - ίς, - ιάς, - ῖτις (Dsc. a.o.; prob. after the form of the flower; Strömberg Pfl.namen 47), - οῦττα f. `face-shaped vessel', "face-urn" (Polem. Hist., Poll.).Etymology: Like μέτωπον `forehead' (s.v.) πρόσωπον is also prop. a hypostasis, i.e. from *προτι-ωπ-ον, prop. "what is opposite the eyes, the sight (of the partner)"; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 517 n. 1. Thus also e.g. Goth. and-augi n., also OE and-wlit-a m., OHG ant-lizz-i n. `face, Antlitz' (Goth. wlits `aspect, shape'). Slightly diff. Sommer Nominalkomp. 115 n.1 (with deviating interpretation of the prefix): `the part of the head, that lies over against the eyes, on the side of the eyes'. Through connection with ep. προτι-όσσομαι, προσ-όψομαι `look at', ὄπωπα etc. πρόσωπον could also be (re)interpreted as verbal noun (cf. Angesicht). -- With πρόσωπον agrees almost exactly Skt. prátīkam n. `face, appearance' from práti = πρότι and a zero grade form of the IE word for `see, look' (s. 2. ὄψ and ὄπωπα), * proti-h₃kʷ- (cf. on ὀπιπεύω); so πρόσωπον from an older formation elucidated after ( ἐν)ὦπα etc. (Schwyzer 426 n. 4)? Quite uncertain Toch. A pratsak, B pratsāko `breast' (A ak, B ek `eye'). On the IE expressions for `face' s. Malten Die Sprache des menschlichen Antlitzes im frühen Griechentum (Berlin 1961) 1ff. -- The ep. plural προσώπ-ατα, - ασι can easily be explained as an enlargement favoured by the metre (Schwyzer 515 n. 3); the assumption of an old n(t)-stem (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 213 as alternative) is improbable. -- Further details w. lit. in WP. 1, 170, also Mayrhofer s. prátīkam.Page in Frisk: 2,602-603Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρόσωπον
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22 ἐρεύγομαι 2
ἐρεύγομαι 2.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: in Hom. only of the sea ἐρευγομένης ἁλὸς (Ρ 265), κῦμα... δεινὸν ἐρευγόμενον (ε 403), ( κύματα) ἐρεύγεται ἤπειρόνδε (ε 438); the last two places to be translates with `roar' (cf. Ξ 394 κῦμα... βοάᾳ ποτὶ χέρσον), but here as in Ρ 265 a stranslation `belch out' (= 1.) is also possible. `roaring' seems certain in the aorist ἤρυγεν Υ 403f. ἤρυγεν ὡς ὅτε ταῦρος ἤρυγεν, 406 τόν γ' ἐρυγόντα λίπε... θυμός, thus also Theoc. 13, 58. Also the present and future in the LXX are used in the meaning `roar' ( σκύμνος ἐρευγόμενος, λέων ἐρεύξεται).Derivatives: ἐρύγμηλος Σ 580 (from ἐρυγμή [H.] or *ἐρυγμεῖν; cf. Risch 41; Frisk Eranos 41, 52) is also used as adjunct of ταῦρος; diff. EM 379, 27 ἐρυγμήλη (H. ἐρυγηλή) ἐπίθετον ῥαφανίου, ἴσως ἀπὸ τῆς ἐρυγῆς. H. mentions also ἐρυγμαίνουσα ἡ βοῦς (= `ruminator'?, cf. to 1.). καὶ ὁ ταῦρος ἐρυγμαίνων, ἀπὸ τῆς ἐρυγμῆς, and ἐρυγήτωρ βοητής.Etymology: Clearly both groups are not always kept separate. Cf. e.g. ἡμέρα τῃ̃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐρεύγεται ῥῆμα (LXX Ps. 18 [19], 2), ἐρεύξομαι κεκρυμμένα (Ev. Matt. 13, 35), where `belch out' are used as vulgar-expressive expressions for `to cry' etc. Clearly refer to `roar' etc. the ablauting ὀρυμαγδός (s. v.) and ὠρῡγή, ὠρυγμός, s. ὠρύομαι. Other languages have comparable words with this meaning, so Lat. rūgiō, rūgīre `roar'; in auslaut (IE k) different OCS rykati `roar', OE rȳn `id.' (PGm. * rūhjan), OHG rohōn (PGm. *rŭhōn; would be Lat. *rŭcāre; cf. runcāre `snore' s. ῥέγκω) s. Pok. 867f., W.-Hofmann s. rūgiō. - At last both 1. and 2. ἐρεύγομαι etc.refer to soundgiving.Page in Frisk: 1,554-555Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρεύγομαι 2
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23 κίδαφος
Grammatical information: ?Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Animal's name in φο- (Schwyzer 495, Chantraine Formation 263); the adjectival function is clearly secondary. - Unexplained. Acc. to Wood ClassPhil. 3, 76 as "the cunning" to Lith. skíedžiu, skíesti `separate' etc.; thus also Schrader BB 15, 138: to Skt. chidura- `deceitful' (in this meaning only lexical. attested; otherwise `infirm, defective', to chid- `cut off', s. σχίζω). - A byform is κίραφος, s. v.; acc. to Havers Sprachtabu 125 the change δ: ρ is tabooistic. See Specht Ursprung 171 and 229. - The variants show a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,850Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κίδαφος
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24 ἑᾱυτοῦ
ἑᾱυτοῦGrammatical information: 3. sg. and plur. (also referring to the 1. and 2. pers.) of the reflexive pronoun (Ion. Att.).Meaning: `himself'Other forms: - τῆς, -τῳ̃, -τῃ̃ etc., Ion. ἑωυτοῦ ( ἑωτοῦ), ωὑτοῦ, Att. also ᾱὑτοῦ etc., hell. also ἑατοῦ, ἁτοῦ, Cret. ϜιαυτοῦDerivatives: ἑαυτότης `being oneself' (Procl.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: From univerbation of the reflexive ἕ (s. v.), ἑοῖ etc. and αὑτόν, -τῳ̃ etc. (s. v.): ἕο αὑτοῦ \> Ion. ἑωυτοῦ, Att. ἑᾱυτοῦ, ἑοῖ αὑτῳ̃ \> Ion. ἑωυτῳ̃, Att. ἑᾱυτῳ̃ etc.; thus also ἐμεωυτοῦ, σεωυτοῦ, ἐμᾱυτοῦ, σ(ε)ᾱυτοῦ etc. (Hom. ἕ αὑτόν, ἔμ' αὑτόν, ἕο αὑτοῦ, ἐμοὶ αὑτῳ̃ etc.). Details in Schwyzer 607 and 402, Schwyzer-Debrunner 193ff.Page in Frisk: 1,433Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑᾱυτοῦ
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25 μύαξ
μύαξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `sea-mussel, its shell' (medic., Plin.); `spoon' (from `shell'; medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation as ἀσπάλαξ, μέμβραξ, ὕραξ and other animals' names (Chantraine Form. 378f.). Like μυΐσκη, - ος `id.' prob. from μῦς, which can also mean `mussel'; cf. also Lat. mūsculus also `mussel'; s. Strömberg Fischnamen 109. Diff. Fick a.o. (s. WP. 2, 251): to a word for `moss' in Lat. muscus a.o.; cf. esp. NHG Mies-muschel. Diff. again L. Meyer 4, 291: to μύω `shut (oneself)'. -- With μύαξ can be identical Lat. mūrex `purple (snail)' as inherited word, s. W.-Hofmann s.v. For Mediterranan origin of mūrex Ernout-Meillet; thus also on μύαξ Chantraine Form. 378; DELG rejects all hypotheses. - The suffix - αξ however is typically Pre-Greek; is it possible that this was added to the IE word *mūs `mouse'? (Not in Fur.)Page in Frisk: 2,262-263Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μύαξ
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26 κρόταφος
Grammatical information: m., usu. pl.Meaning: `temple', metaph. `side, profile, steep mountain-slope' (Il.). Byforms with metathesis: κόρταφος (Pl.Kom.[?; Maas KZ 46,159], EM, Et. Gud.), κότραφος ( PMag. Osl. 1, 152).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πολιο-κρόταφος `with gray temples' (Θ 518).Derivatives: κροταφίς f. `pointed hammer' (Att. inscr., Poll., H.; on the meaning below), κροτάφιος `of the temples' (Gal.), κροταφίτης `temple-muscel' (medic.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 101), f. pl. - ίτιδες ( πληγαί Hp.). Denomin. κροταφίζω `strike on the temple, box on the ear' (pap.) with κροταφιστής (Gloss., H. s. κόβαλος).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Generally (e.g. Brugmann Grundr.2 2, 1, 390) derived from κρότος as "the knocking (of the veins in the temples)". Because of the meaning of κρότος `the knocking which one hears, noise' κρόταφος cannot refer to the beating of the veins which one sees (Pedersen KZ 39,237 A. 1, Benveniste Mél. Vendryes 56), but must refers to the inner noise, we hear; s. Frisk GHÅ. 57: 4, 18 f. with a diff. hypothesis: κρόταφος prop. "Totschlag, Stelle des Totschlages" (cf. κόλαφος) like rom. dial. abattin `temples'; so κροταφίς prop. "Schläfengerät"? Thus also Wüst `Ρῆμα 1, 11 ff. - Fur. 257 connects κόρση `temple'; thus Forbes, Glotta 36, 258ff,Page in Frisk: 2,25-26Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρόταφος
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27 MAÐR
(gen. manns, pl. menn, with the art. menninir), m.1) man (irrespective of sex), human being (guð skapaði síðarst menn tvá, er ættir eru frá komnar);sýndi maðr manni, one showed it to another, it went from from hand to hand;fjöldi manns, a great number of people;múgr manns, crowd of people;2) degree in kinship;vera at þriðja, fjórða, fimta manni, to be related in the third, fourth, fifth degree;hann var manni firr en systrungr Bárðar, he was the son of a cousin of B.;* * *m., qs. mann-r, which form also occurs in old poets, engi mannr und ranni, Vellekla, (for the change of nn before r into ð see the introduction to letter N); gen. manns, dat. manni, acc. mann, plur. menn, qs. menn-r; with the article, menninir, so always in old writers, but in mod. mennirnir erroneously, as if from mennir: the plur. meðr, answering to the sing. maðr, occurs in old poets—meðr vituð öðling æðra, Fms. vii. 87 (in a verse); Norð-meðr róa naðri, vi. 309 (in a verse); meðr fengu mikit veðr, Edda 102; hirð-meðr, veðja, Rekst., all verses of the 11th and 12th centuries; er meðr Myrkvið kalla, Akv. 5: meðr hlutu sár, Fbr. 75 new Ed. (in a verse): gen. pl. manna, dat. mönnum, acc. menn. In Ballads and Rímur after the 15th century, and hence in eccl. writers of later times, a nom. mann is now and then used, esp. in compds influenced by Germ. and Engl., e. g. hreysti-mann, Skíða R. 58; or for the sake of rhyme, ætla þú ekki, aumr mann | af komast muni strafflaust hann, Pass. 14. 17: [Ulf. manna = ἄνθρωπος; in other Teut. languages spelt man, or better mann.]B. A man = Lat. homo, Gr. ἄνθρωπος, also people; eigi vil ek segja frá manninum þvíat mér er maðrinn skyldr, þat er frá manni at segja, at maðr er vel auðigr at fé, Nj. 51; mennskr maðr, a manlike man, a human being, opp. to giants or beings of superhuman strength, Gm. 31; menn eru hér komnir ef menn skal kalla, en líkari eru þeir þursum at vexti ok sýn en mennskum mönnum, Eg. 110; flýjum nú! ekki er við menn um at eiga, Nj. 97; þat hafa gamlir menn mælt, at þess manns mundi hefnt verða ef hann félli á grúfu, Eg. 107; þeir ungu menn ( the young people) elskask sín í millum, Mar.; þótt nökkut væri þústr á með enum yngrum mönnum, Ld. 200; fjöldi manns, múgr manns, Fms. ii. 45, 234, xi. 245; þykkir mönnum nökkur várkunn til þess, 192; var þat margra manna mál, at …, Eg. 537, Fms. i. 45; er þat íllt manni? Eg. 604; sá maðr, that person, K. Þ. K. 4; manna beztr, fríðastr …, the best, fairest … of men, passim; allra manna bezt, beyond all men, best of all men, Bs. i. 67; kona var enn þriði maðr, Hkr. iii. 184; hvárr þeirra manna, each of the wedded fair, Grág. i. 476; góðir menn, good men! in addressing, passim: allit., Guði ok góðum mönnum, to God and all good men, Bs. i. 68: sayings, maðr skal eptir mann lifa, man shall live after man (as a consolation), Eg. 322: maðr er manns gaman, man is man’s comfort, Hm. 46; whence huggun er manni mönnum at, Pass. 2. 10: maðr eptir mann, man after man, in succession; or, maðr af manni, man after man, in turn: sýndi maðr manni, man shewed it to man, it went round from hand to hand, Fms. vi. 216; nú segir maðr manni þessi fagnaðar-tíðendi, Bs. i. 181, Þiðr. 142; kunni þat maðr manni at segja at Bróðir felldi Brján, Nj. 275.2. phrases, þat veit menn (the verb in sing., the noun in plur.), every one knows that! to be sure! Art. 31, 62, Karl. 48; meðr of veit, Sighvat: mod. viti menn! with a notion of irony; thus also menn segja, men say, (in old poët. usage elliptically, kveða = Lat. dicunt, Vþm. 24, 26, 28, 30, Gm. 13, Hdl. 42, Hm. 11; kváðu, people said, Vm. 33): the sing. maðr = Fr. on, mod. Dan. man (in Dan. man siger), is not vernacular.3. in compds. kvenn-maðr, a woman; karl-maðr, a man: of families, Mýra-menn, Síðu-menn, Landn.: inhabitants, people, Norð-menn, Norsemen; Noregs-menn, the men of Norway; Athenu-menn, Athenians; Korintu-menn, Corinthians; of condition of life, leik-menn, laymen; kenni-menn, clergymen; búand-menn, peasants; valds-menn, rulers; kaup-menn, merchants; sjó-menn, seamen; vinnu-menn, labourers.4. degree in a lineage: at þriðja, fjórða, fimta … manni, in the third, fourth, fifth … degree, Grág. i. 321; manni firnari en systrungr …, one degree remoter than …, used of odd degrees (e. g. four on one side and three on the other), ii. 172; hann var manni firr en systrungr Bárðar, he was an odd second cousin of B., Bárð. 165; hence tví-menningar, þrí-menningar, fjór-menningar …, a second, third, fourth … cousin, passim.II. a man. Lat. vir; vér höfum þrjú skip ok hundruð manna á hverju, Fas. ii. 521; síðan fór hann til manna sinna, Fms. v. 514; greiða eyri gulls hverjum manni, 178; hann fór með of manns yfir landit, iv. 146; and so in countless instances: Sigurðar-menn, the followers of S.; Tuma-menn, konungs-menn, Krist-menn, kross-menn, vii. 293, 299, Ó. H. 216.2. a husband; Guð er Kristinnar andar maðr er honum giptisk í trú, Greg. 31: freq. in mod. usage, maðrinn minn, my husband! dóttur-maðr, a son-in-law.3. metaph., vera maðr fyrir e-u, to be man enough for it, able to do it; eg er ekki maðr fyrir því, maðr til þess, id.; hann sýndisk eigi maðr til at setjask í svá háleitt sæti, Bs. i. 743; mikill, lítill, maðr fyrir sér, to be a great, strong, weak man, and the like.III. the Rune m, see introduction.C. COMPDS, manns- and manna-: manns-aldr, m. a man’s life, generation, 623. 10, Fms. viii. 240, Fas. i. 406. manns-bani, a, m. ‘man’s bane,’ a man-slayer, Js. 49, Ni. 119. manns-barn, n. a ‘man’s bairn;’ in the phrase, hvert m., every child of man, Sturl. i. 47. manna-bein, n. pl. human bones, Fms. i. 230. manns-blóð, n. human blood, Nj. 59, Fms. iii. 125. manna-búkar, m. pl. corpses of slain, Fms. iii. 7, xi. 355. manna-bygð, f. human abodes, opp. to the wilderness, Fms. i. 215. manna-bær, m. dwelling-houses, Ann. 1390. manns-bætr, f. pl. weregild, Eg. 259. manns-efni, n. a man to be; gott-m. (see efni), Eg. 368, Fms. i. 174, Fær. 231. manna-farvegr, m. a foot-path, Gþl. 539. manns-fingr, m. a human finger. manna-forráð, n. ‘man-sway,’ rule, dominion; the godord or priesthood is often in the Laws and Sagas so called, Hrafn. 21, Nj. 149, Grág., Ísl. ii. 402, Fms. x. 45. manna-forræði, n. = mannaforráð, Nj. 231, Ld. 310. manns-fótr, m. a human foot, Hkr. ii. 114. manna-fundr, m. a meeting of men, Grág. i. 420. manns-fylgja, u, f., or manna-fylgjur, f. pl. fetches of men, Lv. 69, Fs. 68; see fylgja. manna-för, n. pl. men’s footprints, Eg. 578. manna-grein, f. distinction of men, Fms. viii. 21. manns-hauss, m. a human skull, Þorf. Karl. 242. manns-hár, n. human hair, Edda 4, Fas. iii. 266. manns-hold, n. human flesh, Fms. xi. 235. manna-hugir, m. pl., see hugr III. 2, Háv. 55, Þórð. 17 new Ed. manna-hús, n. pl. men’s houses, Fbr. 77: human abodes. manns-höfuð, manna-höfuð, m. (he human head, K. Á. 1, Fms. x. 280, Nj. 275. manns-hönd, f. a human hand, Fas. i. 66. manns-kona, u, f. a man’s wife, married woman, Grág. i. 335, 337, 341, 344, 380, Bs. i. 777, Sks. 340. manna-lát, n. the loss of men, loss of life, death, Nj. 248, Eg. 585, Orkn. 296. manns-lát, n. a person’s death, decease; heyra mannslát, to hear of a person’s death. manns-líf, n. man’s life, Hom. 6. manns-líki, n. human shape, Edda 9. manna-lof, n. praise of men, Hom. 83. manna-mál, n. human voices, human speech, Nj. 154; or manns-mál, id., in the phrase, það heyrist ekki mannsmál, no man’s voice can be heard, of a great noise. manna-missir, m. the loss of men, Sturl. iii. 7, Fas. ii. 552. manns-morð, n. murder, N. G. L. i. 256. manna-mót, n. = mannfundr, Grág. i. 343. manns-mót, n. manly mien, ‘manfulness,’ Fms. i. 149, xi. 86; þat er mannsmót að honum, he looks like a true man. manna-munr, m. distinction, difference of men, Bs. i. 855. manna-múgr, m. a crowd of people, Fær. 12. manns-mynd, f. the human shape, Stj. 147. manna-reið, f. (a body of) horsemen, Nj. 206. manna-samnaðr, m. = mannsafnaðr, Ísl. ii. 83. manna-seta, u, f. men staying in a place, Ld. 42. manna-skipan, f. the placing of people, as at a banquet, in battle, Korm. 62, Sturl. i. 20, ii. 237. manna-skipti, n. pl. exchange of men, Germ. auswechselung, Hkr. i. 8. manna-slóð, f. ‘man’s sleuth,’ a track of men, Sturl. i. 83. manna-spor, n. pl. men’s footprints. Sturl. ii. 90, Eg. 578, Landn. 191. manna-styrkr, m. help, Þórð. 74. manna-sættir, m. a daysman, peacemaker, Fms. x. 51, Eb. manna-taka, u, f. a reception of men, strangers, Fb. ii. 194. manna-tal, n. = manntal, Hkr. ii. 340. manns-váði, a, m. danger of life, Fms. viii. 224. manna-vegr, m. a road where men pass, opp. to a wilderness, Grett. 115 A, Ld. 328. manna-verk, n. pl. = mannvirki, man’s work, work by human hands, Fb. i. 541. manns-verk, n. work to be done by a person, N. G. L. i., 38, Gþl. 114. manna-vist, f. a human abode. Fms. i. 226, Jb. 9, Orkn. 434. manns-vit, n. ‘man’s wit,’ human understanding, reason, Nj. 106. manna-völd, n. pl.; in the phrase, e-t er af manna-völdum, it is due to human causes, not by natural causes, e. g. of a fire, the disappearance of a thing, or the like, Nj. 76, Fms. ii. 146, iii. 98. manns-vöxtr, m. a man’s stature, Fas. ii. 508, Hom. 112. manna-þengill, m. king of men, the name of Njörð, Gm. 16, Edda 104. manns-æði, n. human bearing, behaviour. manns-æfi, f. man’s lifetime; mart kann skipask á mannsæfinni, a saying, Fms. vii. 156; mart verðr á mannsætinni, útítt var þat þá er vér vórum ungir, Fær. 195. -
28 γλαῦξ
γλαῦξ, - κόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `the little owl, Athene noctua' (Com., Arist.).Other forms: LSJ notes γλαύξ. There is also a γλαύξ `wart cress' (Dsc.) which is also given as γλάξ (Hdn. Gr. 1.395 etc.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: By the ancients derived from γλαυκός; rejected by Thompson Birds s. v. as folketymology; thus also Pötscher (s.s.v. γλαυκῶπις). Some bird names with k-suffix noted by Specht Ursprung 204 (IE?); note πέρδιξ and the many Pre-Greek words in -ξ (Beekes, Pre-Greek on word end). Etym. unknown. The variation in the word for `cress' points to a Pre-Greek word (which is anyhow probable), but it is not sure that the words have the same origin.Page in Frisk: 1,311Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γλαῦξ
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29 γραῦς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `old woman' (Il.); a sea-crab (Artem., H., s. Strömberg Fischnamen 95, thus also γραῖα [Epich.]); said of the scum of boiled milk (Ar.)Other forms: Gen. γρᾱός (Schwyzer 574)Derivatives: Also γραῖα (Od., also adj. `old') \< *γραῖϜα \< *γρᾱϜ-ιᾰ; coll. γραιβία η γραιτία (i. e. γραιϜία) πανήγυρις. Ταραντῖνοι H.; s. Scheller Oxytonierung 32. - And γρᾱΐς, - ίδος (Charito), Dor. γραῦις (Call.). - γραώδης `like old women' (Chrysipp.), from γραῖα: γραιολέας πονηρὰς η ὀλεθρίας γραίας H. (cf. the adj. in - όλης, but s. DELG; the translation ὀλεθρίας is folk etymology). - Denom. γραΐζω `remove the γραῦς of the milk' (Ar.); from γραῖα: γραιόομαι `get old', of wine (AP).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [390] **greh₂-i̯u- `old woman'Etymology: From the root * gerh₂- in γέρων, γέρας. Prob. \< *γρᾱ-ι̯υ- \<*greh₂-i̯u- with -ι̯υ- as in ὑύς `son' (pl. υἷες). - S. Berger Münch. Stud. z. Sprachwiss. 3, 5f.. Cf. γέρων, γέρας, γῆρας. (Does not contain * h₂oiu, αἰών with Szemerényi.)Page in Frisk: 1,324Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γραῦς
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30 εἰλίπους
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: meaning uncertain, in Hom. only dat. and acc. pl. - πόδεσσιν, - ποδας of βόες; later (Anakr., Eup.) also of other nouns.Other forms: ( εἰλιπόδης Nonn.; on the meaning Schwyzer 451)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Because the meaning is unclear, the etymologies are uncertain. As ἀερσίποδες ἵπποι (Σ 532) `footlifting horses' suggest a contrasting `footdragging', Osthoff BB 22, 255ff. assumed as 1. member an element related to Lith. selù, selė́ti `drag', Skt. t-sárati `slink towards'; so εἰλίπους would be `with.sneaking feet'. But this interpretation is not as sregnant or graphic as the Greek possibilities. There seems to be no digamma (Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 132); but see Shipp Studies 60 (late formation without old tradition?). One might think of `footpressing' (to εἰλέω `press') as `footturning' (to εἰλέω `turn'; thus also H.: διὰ τὸ ἑλίσσειν τοὺς πόδας κατὰ την πορείαν). εἰ- metri causa or from the present. On the -ι in compounds Schwyzer 447f., Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 31, - The unclear gloss Hesych ἀνελλίπους ὁ τοῖς ποσὶ μη ἁλ\<λ\> όμενος, ἤτοι χωλός does not help. S. also on εἰλιτενής.Page in Frisk: 1,460Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰλίπους
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31 ἔοικα
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `resemble' (Il.); s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 424f., 479f., Schwyzer 769, 773, 541.Other forms: ep. du. ἔϊκτον, Att. pl. ἐοίκαμεν, pret. sg. ἐῴκειν, ep. du. ἐΐκτην, Att. pl. ἐῴκεσαν, med. ep. ἔϊκτο, ἤϊκτο, ptc. εἰκώς (Φ 254, Att.) beside ἐοικώς (for *Ϝε-Ϝικ-Ϝώς after ἔοικα? Leumann Celtica 3, 241ff.), f. ἐϊκυῖα, n. εἰκός; οἶκα, οἰκώς (Hdt.)Derivatives: Innovation factitive εἰκάζω (s. v.) and ἐΐσκω (Il., only present-stem, ipf. ἴσκε(ν), ptc. ἴσκοντ-) `make equal, compare, suppose'.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1129] *u̯eik- `be fitting?'Etymology: The old intransitive perfect ἔοικα (from where through hyphaeresis οἶκα etc.; diff. Schwyzer 766f.) continues, as is shown by the metre (Chantraine 1, 129), *Ϝέ-Ϝοικ-α, du. *Ϝέ-Ϝικ-τον, plusquamperf. *( ἐ-)Ϝε-Ϝοίκ-ει (\> ἐῴκει; Debrunner Mus. Helv. 2, 199); innovations were *Ϝε-Ϝίκ-σκ-ω (\> ἐΐσκω), *Ϝε-Ϝικ-άζω \> ἐϊκάζω, εἰκάζω (diff. Schwyzer 298 with Schulze KZ 43, 185). A form without reduplication *Ϝικ-σκ-ω is supposed in ἴσκε(ν), ἴσκοντ' (e. g. Schwyzer 708; Chantraine 317). No reduplication in (Ϝ) εικών (s. v.); for εἰκώς however is beside Ϝεικ- (Schwyzer 541, 767; thus also s. εἰκών) also *Ϝε-Ϝικ-Ϝώς (s. above) possible. On εἴκελος s. ἴκελος; on ἐπιεικής s. v. - No certain cognate. The comparison with the Baltic root Lith. į-vỹkti `occur, happen, get real', pa-véikslas `example' etc. is doubtful.Page in Frisk: 1,530Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔοικα
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32 ἔτης
ἔτης m.Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `clansman' (Hom., only plur.), `citizen, private' (El., Dor., also A. and E.); on the meaning DELG.Compounds: noneOrigin: IE [Indo-European] [882] *su̯e-t- `own...'Etymology: Beside Ϝέτᾱς Slavic has a word for `relative married in, who gains a bride', e. g. ORuss. svatъ, IE *su̯ōtos; in Baltic a word for `guest', Lith. svẽčas, IE *su̯eti̯os; from the reflexive *su̯e, Gr. Ϝ(h)ε (s. ἕ) with t-suffix, IE *su̯e-t-; on the Greek anlaut with psilosis and loss of the digamma cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 125, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 150 and 185. So prop. "own", i. e. `belonging to the (own) clan, private; in the last sense cf. ἑ-κάς `far', prop. `for himself' (thus also Lith. svẽčias because of svẽtimas, Latv. sweschs `foreign'?; Schulze KZ 40, 417 = Kl. Schr. 73). - On the formation of ἔτης s. Schwyzer 500, Chantraine Formation 312 and Bechtel Lex.; further Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. svát. Wrong Fay AmJPh 28, 413f.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 1, 378. - S. also ἑταῖρος and ἴδιος.Page in Frisk: 1,581-582Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔτης
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33 λαίγματα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Derivatives: Cf. λάγματα (Cyr., Phot.), λαῖτμα θῦμα H. (cod. λαιτμάθημα), also as v.l. (cod. Ven.) Ar. Av. 1563 beside λαῖμα in uncertain meaning; thus also Suid. with many interpretations ( αἷμα, λαιμός etc.). Cf. (with ὀλβ- = ὀλϜ-) ὀλβ-άχνιον n. `basket for the ὀλαί' (EM 257, 53 [Syracus.]; on the formation cf. πέταχνον and Chantraine Form. 195; ?); also ὀλβάχιον κανοῦν. Δεινόλοχος H.; ὀλβακήϊα `id.' (Dor. after H. s. εὔπλουτον κανοῦν). ὀλαγμεύειν ὀλὰς βάλλειν Phot. with ὀλαιμεύς ὁ (cod. τὸ) τὰς ὀλὰς βάλλων H.; on γ λαίγματα ι s.v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 22. These words do not belong to οὐλαί (in spite of the suggestion of the gloss).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etymology. The variation λα-\/ λαι- points to a Pre-Greek word. So does the variant ὀλαγ- (Furnée 337) and ὀλβαχ-, ὀλβακ-. The word may have had a labialised l (lʷ), before which the prothetic a- became [ο]; but it may just have been - lw-.Page in Frisk: 2,71Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαίγματα
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34 σάρξ
σάρξ, σαρκόςGrammatical information: f., often pl. (Hom almost only).Meaning: `flesh, piece(s) of meat' (Il.); on the number Schw.-Debrunner 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2,30.Other forms: Aeol. σύρκες pl. H., EM; on the phonetics Schwyzer 308.Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σαρκο-φάγος `eating flesh' (Arist.), λίθος σαρκοφάγος des. of a stone broken near Assos (Troas), which was used for funeral monuments and would have eaten the corpse (Poll. 10, 150, Plin. a. o.); on the debated physiological-chemical proces s. R. Müller in Kretschmer Glotta 22, 265; from there `coffin' (inscr.), Lat. LW [loanword] sarcophagus, OHG sarch etc.; ἄ-σαρκος `without flesh, thin' (IA.); on the 2. member extens. Sommer Nominalkomp. 94 f.Derivatives: 1. σαρκ-ίον (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ίδιον (Arist. etc.) n. `piece of flesh', - ίς f. `meat, food' (late pap.); - ῖτις f. name of a stone (Plin.; after the colour, Redard 60). 2. σάρκ-ινος (Att. etc.), - ικός (hell. a. late), - ειος (late) `fleshy, made of flesh'; - ώδης `flesh-like' (Hp., X. etc.), - ήρης `consisting of flesh' ( Trag. Adesp.). 3a σαρκ-ίζω `to scrape clean of flesh' (Hdt.; on the privative meaning Hudson-Williams ClassRev. 26, 122f.; not correct Schwyzer 736), περι- σάρξ with - ισμός (medic.), ἐκ- σάρξ (LXX); b. - όω ( περι-, ἐκ- a. o.) `to make fleshy, to change into flesh' with - ωμα, - ωσις, - ωτικός (medic. a. o.); c. - άζω s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1102] *tu̯r̥ḱ- `cut'Etymology: Acc. to a general, very acceptable view (since v. Bradke ZDMG 40, 752) to Av. ʮwarǝs-, pres. ʮwǝrǝsaiti prop. `cut' ( upa-, us- a. o.), as simplex `shape, create, destine etc.', IE tu̯r̥ḱ- (WP. 1, 751, Pok. 1102); so prop. *'slice' as Lat. carō `(piece) of meat' = Umbr. karu `pars, piece of meat' to κείρω `cut' etc. Other argumentation by Risch Sprache 7, 93 ff. (where also Hitt. tuekkaš `body' [with assumed loss of r before k] is discussed; s. however on σάκος): to ʮwarǝs- in the (clearly secondary) meaning `create, build'; so "flesh as what gives the human body shape and form"; certainly not to be preferred. -- Thus also Lubotsky, Sprache 36 (1994) 94-102, who shows that Skt. tvaṣṭar- contains a zero grade (with a \< r̥), like Av. ʮwōrǝštar- (from * ʮwǝrǝštar-). OIr. torc `boar' has the same origin, for which he reconstructs *turḱos. L. discusses also the rise of - αρ-, - υρ- (rejecting a reconstr. *tu̯orḱ-). - From σάρξ Alb. šark `flesh of a fruit' (Jokl IF 44, 13 ff.).Page in Frisk: 2,679-680Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάρξ
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35 σαρκός
σάρξ, σαρκόςGrammatical information: f., often pl. (Hom almost only).Meaning: `flesh, piece(s) of meat' (Il.); on the number Schw.-Debrunner 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2,30.Other forms: Aeol. σύρκες pl. H., EM; on the phonetics Schwyzer 308.Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σαρκο-φάγος `eating flesh' (Arist.), λίθος σαρκοφάγος des. of a stone broken near Assos (Troas), which was used for funeral monuments and would have eaten the corpse (Poll. 10, 150, Plin. a. o.); on the debated physiological-chemical proces s. R. Müller in Kretschmer Glotta 22, 265; from there `coffin' (inscr.), Lat. LW [loanword] sarcophagus, OHG sarch etc.; ἄ-σαρκος `without flesh, thin' (IA.); on the 2. member extens. Sommer Nominalkomp. 94 f.Derivatives: 1. σαρκ-ίον (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ίδιον (Arist. etc.) n. `piece of flesh', - ίς f. `meat, food' (late pap.); - ῖτις f. name of a stone (Plin.; after the colour, Redard 60). 2. σάρκ-ινος (Att. etc.), - ικός (hell. a. late), - ειος (late) `fleshy, made of flesh'; - ώδης `flesh-like' (Hp., X. etc.), - ήρης `consisting of flesh' ( Trag. Adesp.). 3a σαρκ-ίζω `to scrape clean of flesh' (Hdt.; on the privative meaning Hudson-Williams ClassRev. 26, 122f.; not correct Schwyzer 736), περι- σαρκός with - ισμός (medic.), ἐκ- σαρκός (LXX); b. - όω ( περι-, ἐκ- a. o.) `to make fleshy, to change into flesh' with - ωμα, - ωσις, - ωτικός (medic. a. o.); c. - άζω s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1102] *tu̯r̥ḱ- `cut'Etymology: Acc. to a general, very acceptable view (since v. Bradke ZDMG 40, 752) to Av. ʮwarǝs-, pres. ʮwǝrǝsaiti prop. `cut' ( upa-, us- a. o.), as simplex `shape, create, destine etc.', IE tu̯r̥ḱ- (WP. 1, 751, Pok. 1102); so prop. *'slice' as Lat. carō `(piece) of meat' = Umbr. karu `pars, piece of meat' to κείρω `cut' etc. Other argumentation by Risch Sprache 7, 93 ff. (where also Hitt. tuekkaš `body' [with assumed loss of r before k] is discussed; s. however on σάκος): to ʮwarǝs- in the (clearly secondary) meaning `create, build'; so "flesh as what gives the human body shape and form"; certainly not to be preferred. -- Thus also Lubotsky, Sprache 36 (1994) 94-102, who shows that Skt. tvaṣṭar- contains a zero grade (with a \< r̥), like Av. ʮwōrǝštar- (from * ʮwǝrǝštar-). OIr. torc `boar' has the same origin, for which he reconstructs *turḱos. L. discusses also the rise of - αρ-, - υρ- (rejecting a reconstr. *tu̯orḱ-). - From σάρξ Alb. šark `flesh of a fruit' (Jokl IF 44, 13 ff.).Page in Frisk: 2,679-680Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαρκός
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36 σῶκος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: surn. of Hermes (Υ 72); Σῶκος m. PN (A 427ff.).Derivatives: Besides σωκέω `to be strong, to have power' (A. Eu. 36, S. El. 119 [anap.]); so σῶκος `strong, powerful'.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Unexplained. After Bechtel Lex. s. v. from *Σάοκος as short form of *Σαο-κράτης (\> Σω-κράτης; cf. Cypr. ΣαϜο-κλεϜης); the appellative would have arisen from the PN. Diff. hypotheses in Bq and WP. 1, 747 (w. lit.), Pok. 1098: to σηκός or as IE *tu̯ō-ko-s cognate with σῴζω (thus also Fraenkel Lexis 3, 66 ff.; rejecting v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 163; cf. also Orgogozo Rev. de l'hist. des religions 136, 150); the k-suffix also in Lith. tùk-ti `besome fat', taukaĩ pl. `fatt, grease, marrow' after Fraenkel l.c., Wb. s. vv.Page in Frisk: ̀2,841-842Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῶκος
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37 ÆÐR
I)(gen. æðar, dat. and acc. æði; pl. æðar), f. eiderduck.(gen. æðar, dat. and acc. æði; pl. æðar), f. vein (blóð hans var allt ór æðum runnit).* * *f., dat. and acc. æði, pl. æðar, æðir, Barl. 72; sannri lífs æð (dat.), 84; in mod. usage this word is a regular fem. nom. æð, dat. and acc. æð; thus also in old writers; hverja æð (acc.), Pass.; heit lífs-æð, 24. 12; but in plur. æðar, 48. 9, 10: [A. S. âdre; O. H. G. âdara; Germ. ader; Dan. aare; Swed. åder]:—a vein; æðr sú er pulsus heitir, Al. 161; blóð hans var allt ór æðum runnit, Fas. i. 426; æði (dat.) rennandi ok keldu, Barl. 165; Hrafn tók henni æða-blóð í hendi, í æði þeirri er hann kallaði þjótandi, Bs. i. 644; æðarnar, Al. 23, 25; þær æðar, andblásnar æðar, Skálda 169.2. metaph., allar æðar undir-djúps, 623. 33; æði (dat.) eðr brunni, Stj. 30; andalegri æði, id.; ein harðla fögr æðr eða brunnr, Stj.; upprennandi æðar (gen.), 15; með tilsogligum æðrum (i. e. æðum), Sks. 628 B: líf-æð, an artery; slag-æð, the pulse; hjart-æð, also vats-æð. æða-blóð, n. a blood-letting, Bs. i. 644. -
38 γρύλλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `caricature' (Plin. HN 35, 114);Derivatives: γρυλλο-γραφέω `draw caricatures' (Phld.). Also a dance (Phryn. PS p. 58 B.); thus also γρυλλισμός, with γρύλλος = ὁ ὀρχούμενος (ibid.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Called Egyptian, i.e. hellenistic, by Phrynichos, s. Latte Glotta 34, 190f. Not from the PN Γρύλλος (Plin.) Latte l.c. Further Page, CR 7 (1957)189-191, Maas, Greece and Rome 5 (1958) 71. There is no relation between γρύλλος and γρῦλος. Chantr. thinks the connection between dance and caricature is evident.Page in Frisk: 1,329Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γρύλλος
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39 ἐπασσύτεροι
Grammatical information: pl.Meaning: `one after the other, as a group' (Il.);Other forms: also sg. - οςCompounds: as 1. member in ἐπασσυτερο-τριβής `following one another quickly' (A. Ch. 426 [lyr.]).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [538] * ki-eu- set in motion'Etymology: Uncertain. Acc. to Sonne KZ 13, 422 and Brugmann RhM 53, 630ff. from an adv. *ἐπ-αν-(σ)σύ to *ἐπ-αν(α)-σσεύομαι `hurry after one another', cf. ἀνά-σσυτος `mounting the height' (Hp.), ἐπί-σσυτος `urging' (A., E.), παν-συ-δίῃ `with alle ardour'; perhaps with Ehrlich RhM 63, 109 haplologically shortened ἐπασσυ[τό]-τερος. - Following Risch 87 and Seiler Steigerungsformen 44 however a contamination of *ἀγχύτερος and ἀσσοτέρω; thus also Baunack Philol. 70, 387: from ἀσσοτέρω and ἐγγύτερος.Page in Frisk: 1,532Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπασσύτεροι
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40 ἐρέπτομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `devour, eat', of animals and men, prob. prop. `tear away, snatch away'.Other forms: only ptc. ἐρεπτόμενος (Hom., AP; ἐρέπτων Nonn.). With ἀν- aor. 3. pl. ἀν-ηρέψαντο (Hom.; codd. everywhere - ρειψ-; corr. Fick; thus also A. R. (beside - ρεψ-), Orph.), ptc. ἀναρεψαμένη (Hes. Th. 990, cod. Ven,). ἀνερεψάμενοι (AB 401, 27); ἀνερέψατο Pi. Pae. 6, 136 `snatch away'.Compounds: ἀν-Etymology: The Jot present ἐρέπτομαι resembles Lith. ap-rė́pti `take, catch' (which requires * (H)reh₁p-) and in Alb. rjep `tear of, away, rob'; cf. with a-vowel Lat. rapiō, -ĕre `tear, snatch'. Further cognates Pok. 865, W.-Hofmann s. rapiō. One has also compared ἁρπάζω. See Szemerényi, Syncope 203-5, Beekes, Devel. 35-7.Page in Frisk: 1,552-553Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέπτομαι
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also — [OE] Also was a late Old English compound formed from all ‘exactly, even’ and swa ‘so’; it meant ‘in just this way, thus’, and hence (recalling the meaning of German also ‘therefore’) ‘similarly’. These two uses died out in, respectively, the… … The Hutchinson dictionary of word origins
also — [OE] Also was a late Old English compound formed from all ‘exactly, even’ and swa ‘so’; it meant ‘in just this way, thus’, and hence (recalling the meaning of German also ‘therefore’) ‘similarly’. These two uses died out in, respectively, the… … Word origins
also — /awl soh/, adv. 1. in addition; too; besides; as well: He was thin, and he was also tall. 2. likewise; in the same manner: Since you re having another cup of coffee, I ll have one also. conj. 3. and: He was mean, also ugly. [1125 75; ME; OE… … Universalium
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thus — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) adv. so; consequently, hence. See circumstance. II (Roget s IV) modif. Syn. in this manner, so, consequently, hence, in such a way, just like that, in kind, along these lines; see also therefore . III… … English dictionary for students
Thus Spake Zarathustra — (German, Also sprach Zarathustra), a philosophical work in poetic form (1883) by Friedrich Nietzsche … Useful english dictionary