through|out

dē, adv.: of place, down, only in the phrase susque deque, q. v.

dē, prep. [perh. for ded; cf. Oscan dat, old abl. of pronom. stem da; cf. also Lith. praep. da, as far as; and the suffixes, old case-forms, -dam, -dem, -dum, -do, with the locative -de; v. Ribbeck, Beitr. z. L. v. d. Lat. Part. p. 4 sq.] (with abl., denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point. Accordingly, it occupies a middle place between ab, away from, which denotes a mere external departure, and ex, out of, which signifies from the interior of a thing. Hence verbs compounded with de are constr. not only with de, but quite as freq. with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by de), from, away from, down from, out of, etc.

In space, lit. and trop. with verbs of motion: animam de corpore mitto, Enn. ap. Non. p. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 216 Vahl.):

aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit,

Lucr. 3, 224:

(quod Ariovistus) de altera parte agri Sequanos decedere juberet,

to depart, withdraw from, Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 10; cf.:

civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent,

id. ib. 1, 2:

decedere de provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 20, § 49 ( = ex provincia, id. ib. 2, 2, 65, §

147): de vita decedere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 11:

exire de vita,

id. Lael. 4, 15 (cf.:

excedere e vita,

id. ib. 3, 12):

de triclinio, de cubiculo exire,

id. de Or. 2, 65 fin.:

hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 7, 4:

de castris procedere,

Sall. C. 61, 8 et saep.:

brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet,

Cato R. R. 157, 6:

de digito anulum detraho,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 38; cf.:

de matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere,

Cic. Font. 17:

nomen suum de tabula sustulit,

id. Sest. 33, 72:

ferrum de manibus extorsimus,

id. Cat. 2, 1, 2:

juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest,

id. de Or. 1, 59, 252 et saep.:

... decido de lecto praeceps,

Plaut. Casin. 5, 2, 50:

de muro se deicere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 18, 3:

de sella exsilire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 30 fin.:

nec ex equo vel de muro, etc., hostem destinare,

Tert. adv. Jud. 9, p. 192:

de caelo aliquid demittere,

Lucr. 2, 1155; cf. Cato R. R. 14, 3 et saep.—

In gen., to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds; cf.:

emere de aliquo,

Cato R. R. 1, 4:

aliquid mercari de aliquo,

Cic. Fl. 20 et saep.:

de aliquo quaerere, quid, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2:

saepe hoc audivi de patre,

id. de Or. 3, 33, 133; cf.:

de mausoleo exaudita vox est,

Suet. Ner. 46:

ut sibi liceret discere id de me,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 31;

so with petere, of place (class.): de vicino terra petita solo,

Ov. F. 4, 822;

so of persons (late Lat.): peto de te,

Dig. 36, 1, 57, § 2; Apul. M. 6, p. 179, 40.

To point out the place from which any thing is brought; and hence, trop., to indicate its origin, derivation, etc.: of, from: de circo astrologi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58; so,

caupo de via Latina,

Cic. Clu. 59, 163:

nescio qui de circo maximo,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

declamator aliqui de ludo aut rabula de foro,

id. Or. 15, 47:

homo de schola atque a magistro... eruditus,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

nautae de navi Alexandrina,

Suet. Aug. 98:

aliquis de ponte,

i. e. a beggar, Juv. 14, 134:

Libyca de rupe leones,

Ov. F. 2, 209:

nostro de rure corona,

Tib. 1, 1, 15:

Vaticano fragiles de monte patellas,

Juv. 6, 344 al.:

de summo loco Summoque genere eques,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 30; cf. id. Aul. prol. 28; id. Poen. 3, 1, 13:

genetrix Priami de gente vetusta,

Verg. A. 9, 284; cf. id. ib. 10, 350; Stat. S. 5, 3, 126:

de Numitore sati,

Ov. F. 5, 41:

de libris,

Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 252:

de Philocteta, id,

ib. 3, 35, 141 (cf.:

e Philocteta versus,

Quint. 3, 1, 14).

Transf., to indicate the quarter from which motion proceeds (cf. ab), from, and because motion is so often and naturally downwards, down from:

haec agebantur in conventu, palam, de sella ac de loco superiore,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40; cf. ib. 2, 2, 38:

quem ad se vocari et de tribunali citari jussit,

id. ib. 2, 5, 7:

qui nihil ex occulto, nihil de insidiis, agendum putant,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109; cf.

de tergo plagas dare,

from behind, Plaut. Asin. 2, 2, 10; Just. 20, 5, 5:

de paupere mensa dona,

Tib. 1, 1, 37 et saep.—In jurid. Latin: de plano discutere, interloqui, cognoscere, etc., i. e. on level ground, not on the tribunal (cf. chamothen, opp. pro bêmatos, Dig. 27, 1, 13, § 10), Dig. 1, 4, 1; 1, 16, 9; 14. 3, 11 et saep.; so, de plano, off-hand, without formal consideration, Lucr. 1, 411;

v. planus.—And with pendeo, etc. (the motion in the eye transferred to the object): deque viri collo dulce pependit onus,

Ov. F. 2, 760:

lucerna de camera pendebat,

Petr. 30, 3; cf.:

et nova de gravido palmite gemma tumet,

Ov. F. 1, 152:

de qua pariens arbore nixa dea est,

leaning downwards against the tree, id. H. 21, 100.

In time.

Immediately following a given moment of time, after, directly after (very rare):

de concursu,

Lucr. 1, 384 (cf. Munro, ad loc.):

velim scire hodiene statim de auctione aut quo die venias,

Cic. Att. 12, 3:

non bonus somnus est de prandio,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:

de eorum verbis prosilui, etc.,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 178.—Hence, diem de die, from day to day, day after day, Liv. 5, 48:

cum is diem de die differret, dum, etc.,

id. 25, 25; cf.:

diem de die proferendo,

Just. 2, 15, 6: de die in diem, from day to day, daily (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Psa. 60, 8; 2 Pet. 2, 8; Cypr. Ep. 3, 11.

De nocte, de vigilia, etc., to designate an act which begins or takes its origin from the night-time, Engl. during or in the course of the night, at night, by night, etc.: De. Rus cras cum filio Cum primo lucu ibo hinc. Mi. Imo de nocte censeo, to-night rather, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 55: in comitium Milo de nocte venit, in the night (cf. shortly before, Milo media nocte in campum venit), Cic. Att. 4, 3, 4; cf. id. Mur. 33, 69:

vigilas tu de nocte,

id. ib. 9, 22; cf.:

de nocte evigilabat,

Suet. Vesp. 21:

ut jugulent homines, surgunt de nocte latrones,

at night, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 32;

and Hannibal surgere de nocte solitus, Frontin Strat. 4, 3, 7 et saep.: ut de nocte multa impigreque exsurrexi,

late in the night, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 10; so,

multa de nocte,

Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Att. 7, 4 fin. (for which multa nocte, id. Q. Fr. 2, 9); cf.

also: si de multa nocte (al. de nocte) vigilassent,

id. Att. 2, 15, 2:

Caesar mittit complures equitum turmas eo de media nocte,

Caes. B. G. 7, 45; 7, 88; so,

media de nocte,

at midnight, Suet. Calig. 26; Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 91:

Caesar de tertia vigilia e castris profectus,

in the third night-watch, Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

de tertia vigilia,

id. ib. 1, 21; Liv. 9, 44 Drak.; 40, 4 al.; cf.:

de quarta vigilia,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21, 3 al.; v. vigilia. —As in this manner de nocte became adverbially = nocte, so de die was sometimes used for die or per diem:

de die potare,

by day, in the daytime, Plaut. Asin. 4, 2, 16:

epulari de die,

Liv. 23, 8; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 8; Catull. 47, 6; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Domit. 21; cf.:

bibulus media de luce Falerni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 34;

and in a lusus verbb. with in diem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 34 fin. —Less freq., de mense:

navigare de mense Decembri,

in December, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1 fin. —And once de tempore for tempore: ipse de tempore coenavit, Auct. B. Hisp. 33, 5.

In other relations, implying separation, departure from, etc.

To designate the whole, from which a part is taken, or of which a part is separately regarded, etc., from among, out of, from:

hominem certum misi de comitibus meis,

Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2:

gladio percussus ab uno de illis,

id. Mil. 24, 65:

si quis de nostris hominibus,

id. Flacc. 4:

quemvis de iis qui essent idonei,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4 fin.:

de tribus et decem fundis tres nobilissimi fundi,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 99 et saep.:

accusator de plebe,

id. Brut. 34, 131:

pulsare minimum de plebe Quiritem,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 29; cf. Liv. 7, 17:

malus poëta de populo,

Cic. Arch. 10, 25 et saep.:

partem solido demere de die,

Hor. Od. 1, 1, 20:

quantum de vita perdiderit,

Petr. 26:

praeteriine tuas de tot caelestibus aras,

Ov. Her. 21, 179; Juv. 1, 138. —

Sometimes de with abl. takes the place of the gen. partit. or gen. obj. In the best writers this occurs mainly

to avoid ambiguity where genitives would be multiplied:

ne expers partis esset de nostris bonis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 39:

ut aliquem partem de istius impudentia reticere possim,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32;

for greater precision:

si quae sunt de eodem genere,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 16:

persona de mimo,

id. Phil. 2, 27, 65;

in the poets, metri gratiā:

aliquid de more vetusto,

Ov. F. 6, 309; Grat. Cyneg. 17:

laudes de Caesare,

Ov. Pont. 4, 13, 23:

cetera de genere hoc,

Hor. Sat. 1, 1, 13; Lucr. 4, 746. This circumlocution was freq. [p. 514] in comic writers and in vulgar lang., and became more common in the declining periods of the lang., so that in the Romance tongues de, di, etc., with a case represent the earlier genitive (so, conscius, conscientia, meminisse, mentionem facere, recordari, etc., de aliqua re for alicujus rei, v. h. vv.).

To indicate the property from which the costs of any thing are taken:

obsonat, potat, olet unguenta de meo,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37; so,

de tuo,

Plaut. Bac. 1, 1, 65:

de suo,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, A, 5; Suet. Caes. 19:

de nostro,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 11:

de vestro,

Liv. 6, 15, 10; cf.:

de vestris,

Ov. F. 3, 828:

de alieno,

Liv. 3, 1, 3; Just. 36, 3 fin.:

de publico,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 44; Liv. 1, 20; 2, 16; 4, 60. For de tuo, once de te:

de te largitor puer,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17.—Also in a trop. sense:

ad tua praecepta de meo nihil his novum apposivi,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 31; cf. id. Men. 1. 2, 40; Cic. Fam. 4, 3; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 8.— Poet., to denote that out of which, or by which, one pays a penalty or suffers punishment:

has vestro de sanguine poenas datis,

Luc. 4, 805; cf.:

cum de visceribus tuis satisfacturus sis quibus debes,

Cic. Q. Frat. 1, 3, 7.

To designate the material of which any thing is made, of, out of, from:

niveo factum de marmore signum,

Ov. M. 14, 313; cf. Verg. G. 3, 13:

verno de flore corona,

Tib. 2, 1, 59:

sucus de quinquefolio,

Plin. 26, 4, 11:

cinis de fico,

Pall. 1, 35, 3 et saep.:

de templo carcerem fleri,

Cic. Phil. 5, 7; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 32:

captivum de rege facturi,

Just. 7, 2, 11; cf.:

inque deum de bove versus erat,

Ov. F. 5, 616 et saep.:

fles de rhetore consul,

Juv. 7, 197.—Cf. trop. by means of:

de eodem oleo et opera exaravi nescio quid ad te,

Cic. Att. 13, 38.—Prov.:

de nihilo nihilum,

Pers. 3, 84; cf. Lucr. 1, 157 sq.

In mental operations, to indicate the subject-matter or theme on which any mental act (thinking, considering, advising, determining, etc.; discoursing, informing, exhorting, deciding, disputing, doubting, etc.) is founded; of, about, concerning, Gr. peri:

cogitare de aliqua re, etc. (the most common signification): multa narrare de Laelio,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

dubitare de re,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 15:

de suo adventu docere,

Suet. Caes. 9:

de moribus admonere,

Sall. Cat. 5, 9 et saep.—With this, too, is connected its use,

To indicate the producing cause or reason, for, on account of, because of:

nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset,

Cic. Att. 7, 7, 3; cf. id. de Or. 1, 41, 186; Cael ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15; Cic. Att. 11, 3:

de quo nomine ad arbitrum adiisti, de eo ad judicium venisti,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 12:

flebat uterque non de suo supplicio, sed pater de filii morte, de patris filius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76:

de labore pectus tundit,

with pain, Plaut. Casin. 2, 6, 63:

incessit passu de vulnere tardo,

Ov. M. 10, 49:

humus fervet de corpore,

id. ib. 7, 560:

facilius de odio creditur,

Tac. H. 1, 34:

quod erat de me feliciter Ilia mater,

through me, Ov. F. 3, 233 et saep.

To indicate the thing with reference to which any thing is done, with respect to, concerning:

de istac re in oculum utrumvis conquiescito,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 121: nil peccat de savio, Caec. ap. Gell. 2, 23, 11 (v. 161 Ribbeck):

credere de numero militum,

Cic. Att. 9, 1, 2:

de numero dierum fidem servare,

Caes. B. G. 6, 36; Sall. C. 50, 3:

de ceteris senatui curae fore,

id. Jug. 26, 1:

concessum ab nobilitate de consule plebeio,

Liv. 6, 42:

solem de virgine rapta consule,

Ov. F. 4, 581 et saep.—Ellipt.:

de argento somnium,

as for the money, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 50 (for which id. Heaut. 4, 2, 4: quod de argento sperem, nihil est): Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 1:

de Dionysio sum admiratus,

Cic. Att. 9, 12; id. Off. 1, 15, 47:

de me autem suscipe paullisper meas partes,

id. Fam. 3, 12, 2; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 36 et saep.:

de Samnitibus triumphare,

concerning, over, Cic. Sen. 16, 55; cf. Hor. 4, 2, 88:

de Atheniensibus victoria,

Curt. 8, 1, 33.

To indicate the thing in conformity with which any thing is done, according to, after:

secundum: DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD, S. C. de Bac.: fecisse dicas de mea sententia,

Plaut. Bac. 4, 9, 115; cf.:

de suorum propinquorum sententia atque auctoritate fecisse dicatur,

Cic. Cael. 29: de consilii sententia Mamertinis se frumentum non imperare pronunciat, id. Verr. 2, 5, 21 al.:

de ejus consilio velle sese facere,

Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 17:

vix de mea voluntate concessum est,

Cic. Att. 4, 2, 4:

de exemplo meo ipse aedificato,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 86:

de more vetusto,

Verg. A. 11, 142; Ov. M. 7, 606:

de nomine,

id. ib. 1, 447:

patrioque vocat de nomine mensem,

id. F. 3, 77.

With adjectives to form adverbial expressions.

De integro, anew ( = ab integro, ex integro; cf.: iterum, rursus, denuo), indidemque eadem aeque oriuntur de integro, atque eodem occidunt, Pac. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 17 Müll. (v. 92 Ribb.):

ratio de integro ineunda est mihi,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 7; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56; id. Att. 13, 27; id. Fam. 12, 30, 2 et saep. (The combination de novo appears only in the contracted form denuo, v. h. v.).—

De improviso, unexpectedly:

ubi de improviso interventum est mulieri,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 40; id. And. 2, 2, 23; id. Ad. 3, 3, 53; Caes. B. G. 2, 3; 5, 22; 5, 39 et saep.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151 et saep.—

De transverso, unexpectedly:

ecce autem de transverso L. Caesar ut veniam ad se rogat,

Cic. Att. 15, 4 fin.; Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14.

or pron. and its substantive; cf.

above multa de nocte, media de nocte, gravi de causa, etc.: qua de re,

Ter. Andr. 1, 2, 13; esp. in the judic. formula: qua de re agitur; cf. Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 6; Cic. Brut. 79 fin. Also freq. after a simple relative:

quo de,

Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 41; 54, 104; 2, 11, 37:

qua de,

id. ib. 2, 23, 70 et saep.

In composition the e becomes short before a vowel, as in dĕhisco, dĕhinc, dĕorsum, and coincides with it in the poets by synaeresis; cf.: dehinc, deinde, deinceps, deorsum; sometimes contraction takes place, as in debeo, debilis, dego, demo, from dehabeo, de-habilis, de-ago, de-emo.—

Signif.

Separation, departure, removal, taking away; off, away, down, out: decedo, demigro, demeto, depromo, descendo, devolvo, derivo, deflecto, etc.; and trop. dedico, denuntio; and in a downward direction, decido, decumbo, deprimo, demergo, delabor, defluo, demitto, desido, desideo, declivis, deculco, degredior, deicio, etc.—

Cessation, removal of the fundamental idea ( = un-, de-, dis-): dearmo, deartuo, decresco, dedisco, dedecoro, dedignor, dedoceo, denascor, denormo, desum, etc.; and hence direct negation, as in dedecet, deformis, demens, etc.—

With reference to the terminus of the action: defero, defigo, demitto, etc.; hence also trop., with reference to the extent of the action, to the uttermost, to exhaustion, through. out: debacchor, debello, dedolo, delino, delibuo, etc.: defatigo, delaboro, delasso, etc.; hence freq. a mere strengthening of the fundamental idea, = valde, thoroughly, much: demiror, demitigo, etc.—

Giving a bad sense to the verb: decipio, delinquo, deludo, derideo, detestor.—

Rarely, contraction from a broad into a narrow space, together: deligo, devincio. See also Hand Turs. II. p. 183-229.

lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.

A publicist's t. t.

To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:

ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,

Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

juste pieque legatus venio,

Liv. 1, 32:

tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4:

quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,

Gell. 7, 14, 8.—

Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):

quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,

what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —

Beyond the official sphere:

quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?

committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—

To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):

eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:

ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 2, 6:

istum legatum iri non arbitror,

id. ib. 10, 1, 4:

ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

Dolabella me sibi legavit,

chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:

Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,

Sall. J. 28.—

A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):

Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,

Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:

usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,

id. Top. 3, 14:

cui argentum omne legatum est,

Quint. 5, 10, 62:

in argento legato,

id. 7, 2, 11.—

Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:

uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,

Cic. Clu. 12, 33:

si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,

id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,

lēgātus, i, m.

(Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

legatos mittere,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:

missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,

Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—

(Acc. to lego, I. B.).

An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:

quos legatos tute tibi legasti?

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,

id. Clu. 36, 99:

Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:

Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,

id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:

neque se ei legatum defuturum,

id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:

hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

(Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,

id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:

quaestorius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,

id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:

magnitudo et splendor legati,

Liv. 38, 58, 9:

in magna legatum quaere popina,

Juv. 8, 172.—

Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—

Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:

Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;

legatus praetorius,

Tac. Agr. 7.—

lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:

legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,

Dig. 30, 116:

Hortensii legata cognovi,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:

reliqua legata varie dedit,

Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:

legatum peto ex testamento,

Quint. 4, 2, 6:

jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,

Suet. Dom. 8:

cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,

Juv. 9, 62:

legatorum genera sunt quattuor,

Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.

lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.

Lit.

In gen.:

oleam,

Cato, R. R. 144:

nuces,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

herbas collibus,

Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:

roscida mala,

id. ib. 8, 38:

flores in calathos,

Ov. F. 5, 218:

spolia caesorum,

Liv. 5, 39:

quos (montanos asparagos),

Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:

ossa,

Ov. H. 10, 150:

homini mortuo ossa,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:

reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,

Suet. Aug. 100. —

Esp.

To take out, pick out, extract, remove:

quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,

Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:

ossa vivis,

id. ad Marc. 22, 3:

ossa in capite lecta,

id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:

ossa e vulneribus,

Quint. 6, 1, 30.—

To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):

oleam qui legerit,

Cato, R. R. 144, 1:

ficus non erat apta legi,

Ov. F. 2, 254.—

Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:

extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,

i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:

quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,

Ov. F. 3, 462:

stamen,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—

Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:

omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,

Verg. G. 1, 373:

vela legunt socii,

id. A. 3, 532:

ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,

Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:

prora funem legit Argus ab alta,

draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:

ancoras classis legit,

is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—

To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:

majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,

Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:

sacra divum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:

soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—

Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):

nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,

Ov. M. 5, 579:

pars cetera pontum Pone legit,

sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:

vada dura lego,

id. ib. 3, 706:

freta,

id. ib. 3, 127:

aequora Afra,

Ov. F. 4, 289:

Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,

id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:

subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

id. M. 3, 17; cf.:

et vestigia retro Observata legit,

Verg. A. 9, 392:

tortos orbes,

to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—

To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):

Inarimen Prochytenque legit,

Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:

navibus oram Italiae,

Liv. 21, 51 fin.:

oram Campaniae,

Suet. Tib. 11; cf.

terram,

id. Aug. 16. —

Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):

alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,

pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:

judices,

Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:

omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,

id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:

scribam,

to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:

condiciones nubendi,

id. Cael. 15:

cives in patres,

Liv. 23, 22:

viros ad bella,

Ov. M. 7, 669:

geminasque legit de classe biremes,

Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:

senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,

Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—

With inf.:

fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,

Stat. Th. 1, 530.

Trop.

To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:

nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—

To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.

In gen.:

tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,

Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—

In partic., to read or peruse a writing:

ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,

Cic. Top. 1:

defensionem causae,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:

aliquid studiose intenteque,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:

significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,

id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:

liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

orationem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:

antiquos et novos,

Quint. 2, 5, 23:

antiquos studiosius,

id. 3, 6, 62:

poëtas,

id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:

Horatius fere solus legi dignus,

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,

id. 10, 1, 116:

dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:

sepulcra legens,

when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

legentium plerisque,

Liv. 1 praef. §

4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,

to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:

nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,

Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:

legendi usus,

Lact. 3, 25, 9:

memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,

Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—

In partic.

To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):

convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:

audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,

Plin. Ep. 9, 34:

obturem impune legentibus aures,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:

quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,

with recitation, id. A. P. 475:

quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,

to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—

To find in an author or a writing:

ut scriptum legimus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:

legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,

id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:

ego vero haec scripta legi,

id. Planc. 39, 94:

praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,

Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:

in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,

Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—

A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;

v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,

Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,

argentum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:

ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:

uxor lectissima,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

(verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,

id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,

id. Or. 68, 227:

juvenum lectissime,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:

viginti lectis equitum comitatus,

Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):

ab lego lecte ac lectissime,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:

lectius,

Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.

A publicist's t. t.

To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:

ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,

Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

juste pieque legatus venio,

Liv. 1, 32:

tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4:

quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,

Gell. 7, 14, 8.—

Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):

quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,

what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —

Beyond the official sphere:

quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?

committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—

To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):

eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:

ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 2, 6:

istum legatum iri non arbitror,

id. ib. 10, 1, 4:

ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

Dolabella me sibi legavit,

chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:

Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,

Sall. J. 28.—

A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):

Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,

Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:

usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,

id. Top. 3, 14:

cui argentum omne legatum est,

Quint. 5, 10, 62:

in argento legato,

id. 7, 2, 11.—

Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:

uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,

Cic. Clu. 12, 33:

si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,

id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,

lēgātus, i, m.

(Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

legatos mittere,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:

missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,

Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—

(Acc. to lego, I. B.).

An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:

quos legatos tute tibi legasti?

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,

id. Clu. 36, 99:

Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:

Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,

id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:

neque se ei legatum defuturum,

id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:

hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

(Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,

id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:

quaestorius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,

id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:

magnitudo et splendor legati,

Liv. 38, 58, 9:

in magna legatum quaere popina,

Juv. 8, 172.—

Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—

Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:

Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;

legatus praetorius,

Tac. Agr. 7.—

lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:

legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,

Dig. 30, 116:

Hortensii legata cognovi,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:

reliqua legata varie dedit,

Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:

legatum peto ex testamento,

Quint. 4, 2, 6:

jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,

Suet. Dom. 8:

cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,

Juv. 9, 62:

legatorum genera sunt quattuor,

Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.

lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.

Lit.

In gen.:

oleam,

Cato, R. R. 144:

nuces,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

herbas collibus,

Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:

roscida mala,

id. ib. 8, 38:

flores in calathos,

Ov. F. 5, 218:

spolia caesorum,

Liv. 5, 39:

quos (montanos asparagos),

Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:

ossa,

Ov. H. 10, 150:

homini mortuo ossa,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:

reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,

Suet. Aug. 100. —

Esp.

To take out, pick out, extract, remove:

quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,

Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:

ossa vivis,

id. ad Marc. 22, 3:

ossa in capite lecta,

id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:

ossa e vulneribus,

Quint. 6, 1, 30.—

To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):

oleam qui legerit,

Cato, R. R. 144, 1:

ficus non erat apta legi,

Ov. F. 2, 254.—

Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:

extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,

i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:

quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,

Ov. F. 3, 462:

stamen,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—

Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:

omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,

Verg. G. 1, 373:

vela legunt socii,

id. A. 3, 532:

ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,

Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:

prora funem legit Argus ab alta,

draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:

ancoras classis legit,

is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—

To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:

majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,

Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:

sacra divum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:

soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—

Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):

nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,

Ov. M. 5, 579:

pars cetera pontum Pone legit,

sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:

vada dura lego,

id. ib. 3, 706:

freta,

id. ib. 3, 127:

aequora Afra,

Ov. F. 4, 289:

Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,

id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:

subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

id. M. 3, 17; cf.:

et vestigia retro Observata legit,

Verg. A. 9, 392:

tortos orbes,

to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—

To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):

Inarimen Prochytenque legit,

Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:

navibus oram Italiae,

Liv. 21, 51 fin.:

oram Campaniae,

Suet. Tib. 11; cf.

terram,

id. Aug. 16. —

Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):

alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,

pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:

judices,

Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:

omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,

id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:

scribam,

to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:

condiciones nubendi,

id. Cael. 15:

cives in patres,

Liv. 23, 22:

viros ad bella,

Ov. M. 7, 669:

geminasque legit de classe biremes,

Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:

senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,

Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—

With inf.:

fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,

Stat. Th. 1, 530.

Trop.

To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:

nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—

To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.

In gen.:

tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,

Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—

In partic., to read or peruse a writing:

ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,

Cic. Top. 1:

defensionem causae,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:

aliquid studiose intenteque,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:

significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,

id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:

liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

orationem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:

antiquos et novos,

Quint. 2, 5, 23:

antiquos studiosius,

id. 3, 6, 62:

poëtas,

id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:

Horatius fere solus legi dignus,

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,

id. 10, 1, 116:

dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:

sepulcra legens,

when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

legentium plerisque,

Liv. 1 praef. §

4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,

to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:

nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,

Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:

legendi usus,

Lact. 3, 25, 9:

memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,

Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—

In partic.

To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):

convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:

audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,

Plin. Ep. 9, 34:

obturem impune legentibus aures,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:

quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,

with recitation, id. A. P. 475:

quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,

to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—

To find in an author or a writing:

ut scriptum legimus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:

legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,

id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:

ego vero haec scripta legi,

id. Planc. 39, 94:

praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,

Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:

in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,

Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—

A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;

v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,

Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,

argentum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:

ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:

uxor lectissima,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

(verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,

id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,

id. Or. 68, 227:

juvenum lectissime,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:

viginti lectis equitum comitatus,

Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):

ab lego lecte ac lectissime,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:

lectius,

Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

ex-ĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3, v. a. [ago], to drive out or forth, to thrust out, to take or turn out.

Lit.

In gen.:

reges ex civitate,

to expel, Cic. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

hostem e campo,

Liv. 3, 61, 8: exigor patria, Naev. ap. Non. 291, 4:

aliquem domo,

Liv. 39, 11, 2:

aliquem campo,

id. 37, 41, 12:

omnes foras,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 7:

adcolas ultra famam,

Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 175:

exacti reges,

driven away, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 37; cf.:

Tarquinio exacto,

id. Rep. 1, 40:

anno post Tarquinios exactos,

Tac. A. 11, 22:

Orestes exactus furiis,

driven, tormented, Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 70:

virum a se,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 62:

uxorem,

to put away, divorce, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 45; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Claud. 26; cf.: illam suam (uxorem) suas res sibi habere jussit ex duodecim tabulis; claves ademit;

exegit,

turned her out of the house, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69: aliquem vitā, i. e. to kill, Sen. de Ira, 1, 6: corpus e stratis, to raise up or out, Sil. 16, 234:

maculam,

to take out, Suet. Aug. 94: et sacer admissas exigit Hebrus aquas, pours out into the sea, Ov. H. 2, 114; of weapons, to thrust from one, thrust, drive:

non circumspectis exactum viribus ensem Fregit,

thrust, impelled, Ov. M. 5, 171; so,

ensem,

Luc. 8, 656; cf.:

ensem per medium juvenem,

plunges through the middle, Verg. A. 10, 815:

gladium per viscera,

Flor. 4, 2, 68:

tela in aliquem,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 16;

hence: aliquem hastā,

i. e. to thrust through, transfix, Val. Fl. 6, 572.—Mid.:

quae (hasta) cervice exacta est,

passed out, passed through, Ov. M. 5, 138: prope sub conatu adversarii manus exigenda, to be put forth, raised (for a blow), Quint. 6, 4, 8 Spald.:

(capellas) a grege in campos, hircos in caprilia,

to drive out, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 8:

sues pastum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 6:

radices altius,

to send out, Cels. 5, 28, 14; cf.:

vitis uvas,

Col. 3, 2, 10; 3, 6, 2; Cels. 8, 1 med. —

In partic.

A scenic t. t., to drive off, i. e. hiss off a piece or a player from the stage (rare):

spectandae (fabulae) an exigendae sint vobis prius,

Ter. And. prol. 27 Ruhnk.; so, fabulas, id. Hec. prol. alt. 4; id. ib. 7.—

To demand, require, enforce, exact payment of a debt, taxes, etc., or the performance of any other duty (very freq.;

syn.: posco, postulo, flagito, contendo, etc.): ad eas pecunias exigendas legatos misimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1: pecunias a civitatibus, id. Div. ap. Caecil. 10, 33:

acerbissime pecunias imperatas,

Caes. B. C. 3, 32; cf. id. ib. 1, 6 fin.; Cic. Pis. 16, 38; id. N. D. 3, 34, 84:

quaternos denarios,

id. Font. 5, 9:

tributa,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 3:

pensionem,

id. ib. 6, 18, 5:

nomina sua,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28:

mercedem,

id. Lael. 21, 80 et saep.:

equitum peditumque certum numerum a civitatibus Siciliae,

Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 4:

obsides ab Apolloniatibus,

id. ib. 3, 12, 1:

viam,

to demand the construction of a road, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; Liv. 42, 3, 7:

a quoquam ne pejeret,

Juv. 13, 36.—Esp.: rationem, to exact an account:

ut Athenienses rationibus exigendis non vacarent,

Val. Max. 3, 1, ext. 1; Plin. Ep. 10, 81, 1:

libertorum nomina a quibus ratio exigi posset,

Suet. Aug. 101 fin. —

In pass.: exigor aliquid, to be solicited, dunned for money, etc. (post-class.): exigor portorium, id est, exigitur de me portorium, Caecil. ap. Gell. 15, 14, 5; id. ap. Non. 106, 24: (Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 51): sese pecunias maximas exactos esse, Q. Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 15, 14, 2; Dig. 23, 4, 32.—

To examine, inquire into (post-Aug.):

nec illae (conjuges) numerare aut exigere plagas pavent,

Tac. G. 7 fin. (so Ritter, Halm, with all MSS., cf. Holzmann ad loc.; al. exugere, said to have been the read. of a lost codex, the Arundelianus; cf. exsugo); cf.:

exactum et a Titidio Labeone, cur omisisset, etc.,

id. A. 2, 85.—

Of places, to go or pass beyond, to pass by, leave behind ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

cum primus equis exegit anhelis Phoebus Athon,

Val. Fl. 2, 75; cf. Prop. 3, 20, 11 (4, 20, 3 M.):

Troglodytae hibernum mare exigunt circa brumam,

Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 87.—

In mercant. lang., to dispose of, sell:

agrorum exigere fructus,

Liv. 34, 9, 9 Drak.: mercibus exactis, Col. poët. 10, 317. —

Mathemat. t. t., to apply to a standard or measure, i. e. to examine, try, measure, weigh by any thing:

ad perpendiculum columnas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133:

materiam ad regulam et libellam,

Plin. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

pondus margaritarum sua manu,

Suet. Caes. 47; cf.:

aliquid mensura,

Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 159.

Trop.

In gen., to drive out, expel (very rare):

locus, Ubi labore lassitudo exigunda ex corpore,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 4: frigus atque horrorem vestimentis, Lucil. ap. Non. 291, 8.—Far more freq. and class.,

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To require, demand, claim any thing due:

ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris, neque exigam, nisi tuo commodo,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17:

aliquid exigere magis quam rogare,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1:

longiores litteras exspectabo vel potius exigam,

id. ib. 15, 16, 1:

omnibus ex rebus voluptatem quasi mercedem,

id. Fin. 2, 22, 73:

ab hoc acerbius exegit natura quod dederat,

demanded back, reclaimed, id. Tusc. 1, 39, 93 Klotz.:

non ut a poëta, sed ut a teste veritatem exigunt,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:

has toties optata exegit gloria poenas,

has cost, Juv. 10, 187:

poenas,

to take vengeance, id. 10, 84:

de vulnere poenas,

Ov. M. 14, 478: poenam (alicui), Sen. de Ira, 2, 22 fin.; Ov. F. 4, 230:

gravia piacula ab aliquo,

Liv. 29, 18, 18 et saep.—With ut:

exigerem ex te cogeremque, ut responderes,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 119; 4, 28, 80; cf.:

Calypso exigit fata ducis,

questions, inquires into, Ov. A. A. 2, 130:

exactum a marito, cur, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 85:

exigite ut mores seu pollice ducat,

Juv. 7, 237 sq. —With an object-clause:

exigimus potuisse eum eo tempore testamentum facere,

Dig. 29, 7, 8; 24, 3, 2.— Absol.:

in exigendo non acerbum,

Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64:

cum res exiget,

Quint. 5, 11, 5; 10, 3, 3; cf.:

ut res exiget,

id. 12, 10, 69:

si communis utilitas exegerit,

id. 12, 1, 37.— Esp.: rationem, to require an account:

rerum gestarum,

Just. 19, 2, 6:

numquid rationem exiges, cum tibi aliquis hos dixerit versus?

an explanation, Sen. Ep. 94, 28; Plin. Ep. 19, 9.—

Of time, life, etc., to lead, spend, pass, complete, finish:

non novisse quicum aetatem exegerim,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 111; id. Capt. 3, 5, 62:

tecum aetatem,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 48; 4, 6, 60; id. Cas. 2, 5, 12:

ut te dignam mala malam aetatem exigas,

id. Aul. 1, 1, 4: vitam taetre, Cat. Or. inc. 15; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 39:

cum maerore graviorem vitam,

Sall. J. 14, 15; 85, 49; Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 139; Vitr. 2, 1, 4; Val. Max. 3, 5, 4 al.:

vitae tempus,

Sen. Ep. 2, 2; Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 6:

jam ad pariendum temporibus exactis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48: qui exacta aetate moriuntur, at the close of the vigorous period of life, Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 21; Sall. J. 6, 2; Liv. 2, 40, 11 al.:

mediam dies exegerat horam,

Ov. Am. 1, 5, 1:

aevum,

Lucr. 4, 1235; Verg. A. 7, 777; Ov. M. 12, 209:

tristissimam noctem,

Petr. 115:

diem supremum noctemque,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

ullum tempus jucundius,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 1:

jam aestatem exactam esse,

Sall. J. 61, 1:

per exactos annos,

at the end of every year, Hor. C. 3, 22, 6:

exacto per scelera die,

Tac. H. 1, 47; id. A. 3, 16; so,

exacto quadriennio,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 130; Verg. G. 3, 190; Stat. S. 2, 2, 47.—

To conduct, urge forward, superintend, drive:

opus,

Ov. M. 14, 218; Col. 3, 13, 11.—

To bring to an end, to conclude, finish, complete a thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

exegi monumentum aere perennius,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 1:

opus,

Ov. R. Am. 811; id. M. 15, 871:

exactus tenui pumice versus eat,

Prop. 3, 1, 8; Verg. A. 6, 637:

commentarii ita sunt exacti, ut, etc.,

Quint. 10, 7, 30:

eandem gracilitatem stilo exigere condiscant,

to reach, attain to, id. 1, 9, 2.—

To determine, ascertain, find out:

sociisque exacta referre,

his discoveries, Verg. A. 1, 309:

non prius exacta tenui ratione saporum,

before he has ascertained, Hor. S. 2, 4, 36.— Pass. impers.:

non tamen exactum, quid agat,

Ov. F. 3, 637; cf. id. Am, 3, 7, 16. —

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To weigh, try, prove, measure, examine, adjust, estimate, consider, = examinare, ponderare (class. but perh. not in Cic.): si ad illam summam veritatem legitimum jus exegeris, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1; cf.: nolite ad vestras leges atque instituta exigere ea, quae Lacedaemone fiunt, to estimate by the standard of, etc., Liv. 34, 31, 17; so,

opus ad vires suas,

Ov. A. A. 2, 502:

si omnia argumenta ad obrussam coeperimus exigere,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 5, 1; cf.:

principatus tuus ad obrussam exigitur,

id. de Clem. 1, 1, 6:

se ad aliquem,

id. Ep. 11 fin.:

regulam emendate loquendi,

Quint. 1, 5, 2:

illa non nisi aure exiguntur, quae fiunt per sonos,

are judged of, id. 1, 5, 19; cf. id. 1, 4, 7.—

To treat, consult, deliberate respecting something, = considerare, deliberare (class. but not in Cic.): de his rebus ut exigeret cum eo, Furnio mandavi, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 7:

cum aliquo,

Plin. Ep. 6, 12, 3; cf.:

secum aliquid,

Verg. A. 4, 476; Ov. M. 10, 587; Sen. Ep. 27:

de aliqua re coram,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 13:

haec exigentes hostes oppressere,

Liv. 22, 49, 12:

quid dicendum, quid tacendum, quid differendum sit, exigere consilii est,

Quint. 6, 5, 5.—

To endure, undergo:

aerumnam,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 12. —Hence, exactus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 5., measured; hence), precise, accurate, exact (poet and in post-Aug. prose):

difficile est, quot ceciderint, exacto affirmare numero,

Liv. 3, 5, 12:

acies falcis,

Plin. 17, 27, 42, § 251:

fides,

Ov. Pont. 4, 9, 46.— Comp.:

cura,

Suet. Tib. 18; Mart. 4, 87, 4. — Sup.:

diligentia,

Front. Aquaed. 89:

vir,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 5.—With gen.:

Mamurius, morum fabraene exactior artis, Difficile est dicere,

Ov. F. 3, 383.— Adv.: exacte, exactly, precisely, accurately:

ut exacte perorantibus mos est,

Sid. Ep. 7, 9.— Comp.: dicere, disserere, Mel. Prooem. § 2; Gell. 1, 3, 21.— Sup.:

pascere,

Sid. Ep. 5, 11.

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

AF VOBEIS,

Inscr. Orell. 3114;

AF MVRO,

ib. 6601;

AF CAPVA,

ib. 3308;

AF SOLO,

ib. 589;

AF LYCO,

ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

abs chorago,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

abs quivis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

abs terra,

Cato, R. R. 51;

and in compounds: aps-cessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).

In space, and,

Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.

Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

fuga ab urbe turpissima,

Cic. Att. 7, 21:

ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.

Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

profecti a domo,

Liv. 40, 33, 2;

of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

Liv. 8, 22, 6;

of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

id. 24, 40, 2.

Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

id. Att. 7, 24:

cum a vobis discessero,

id. Sen. 22:

multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

so a fratre,

id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

a Pontio,

Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

ab ea,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.

Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.

Of separation:

ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

Sall. C. 40, 5:

absint lacerti ab stabulis,

Verg. G. 4, 14.—

Of distance:

quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

tam prope ab domo detineri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

id. 37, 38, 5). —

To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

erat a septentrionibus collis,

on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).

Fig.

In time.

From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

Juv. 1,40:

mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

ab eo magistratu,

after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

Liv. 30, 36, 1:

statim a funere,

Suet. Caes. 85;

and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

id. ib. 60:

protinus ab adoptione,

Vell. 2, 104, 3:

Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.

With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

ab hora tertia bibebatur,

from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

vixit ab omni aeternitate,

from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

Nep. Att. 5, 3:

in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.

Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

a pueritia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

jam inde ab adulescentia,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

ab adulescentia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

jam a prima adulescentia,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

ab ineunte adulescentia,

id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

a primis temporibus aetatis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

a teneris unguiculis,

from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

usque a toga pura,

id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

jam inde ab incunabulis,

Liv. 4, 36, 5:

a prima lanugine,

Suet. Oth. 12:

viridi ab aevo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

rarely of animals: ab infantia,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

a pausillo puero,

id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

a puero,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

a pueris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

ab adulescente,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

ab infante,

Col. 1, 8, 2:

a parva virgine,

Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

a parvis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

a parvulo,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

ab parvulis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

ab tenero,

Col. 5, 6, 20;

and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.

In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.

In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

condicionem quam ab te peto,

id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

si quid ab illo acceperis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab defensione desistere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

quid hoc ab illo differt,

from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

alieno a te animo fuit,

id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

subdole ab re consulit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

haut est ab re aucupis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).

In partic.

To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

disputata ab eo,

id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

ita generati a natura sumus,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

salvebis a meo Cicerone,

i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

ne vir ab hoste cadat,

Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

si calor est a sole,

id. N. D. 2, 52:

ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

metu poenae a Romanis,

Liv. 32, 23, 9:

bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

id. 3, 22, 2:

ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

lassus ab equo indomito,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

Prop. 5, 1, 126:

tempus a nostris triste malis,

time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

si postulatur a populo,

if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

deseror conjuge,

Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

and in prose,

Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.

With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

pastores a Pergamide,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

Turnus ab Aricia,

Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.

In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)

With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

da, puere, ab summo,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

coepere a fame mala,

Liv. 4, 12, 7:

cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.

With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

a foliis et stercore purgato,

Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

Liv. 21, 11, 5:

expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

Sall. C. 32:

ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

Liv. 21, 35, 12:

ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

el metul a Chryside,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

ab Hannibale metuens,

Liv. 23, 36; and:

metus a praetore,

id. 23, 15, 7;

v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.

With verbs of fastening and holding:

funiculus a puppi religatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.

Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.

Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.

Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

a frigore laborantibus,

Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

laborare ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.

Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

ab ingenio improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

a me pudica'st,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

orba ab optimatibus contio,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

locus copiosus a frumento,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

id. Brut. 16, 63:

ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

so often in poets ab arte=arte,

artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.

In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

ab honore,

id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.

Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

ab illo injuria,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

fulgor ab auro,

Lucr. 2, 5:

dulces a fontibus undae,

Verg. G. 2, 243.

In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

nonnuill ab novissimis,

id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).

In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

ab eo qui sunt,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).

To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

a manu servus,

a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).

The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

a peregre,

Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

a foris,

Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

ab intus,

ib. ib. 7, 15:

ab invicem,

App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

a longe,

Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

a modo,

ib. ib. 23, 39;

Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

a sursum,

ib. Marc. 15, 38.

Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

id. Sen. 6:

a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—

Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—

It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

a vitae periculo,

Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

a minus bono,

Sall. C. 2, 6:

a satis miti principio,

Liv. 1, 6, 4:

damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—

The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

aque Chao,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

aque mero,

Ov. M. 3, 631:

aque viro,

id. H. 6, 156:

aque suis,

id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

a meque,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

abs teque,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

a teque,

id. ib. 8, 11, §

7: a primaque adulescentia,

id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —

A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.

In composition ab,

Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—

It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

* * *

mētĭor, mensus (post-class. metītus, Dig. 32, 1, 52), 4, v. dep. [Sanscr. ma, to measure; cf. Gr. me-tron, Lat. modus], to measure, mete (lands, corn); also, to measure or mete out, to deal out, distribute by measure (class.).

Lit.:

metiri agrum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 17, 2:

frumentum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 83, § 192:

sol, quem metiri non possunt,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 128:

magnitudinem mundi,

id. Off. 1, 43, 154: nummos, to measure one's money, i. e. to have a great abundance of it, Hor. S. 1, 1, 95:

nummos modio,

Petr. S. 37:

se ad candelabrum,

id. ib. 75:

pedes syllabis,

to measure by syllables, Cic. Or. 57, 194:

frumentum militibus metiri,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

cum exercitu frumentum metiri oporteret,

id. ib. 1, 23;

7, 71: Caecubum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 36:

quis mensus est pugillo aquas?

Vulg. Isa. 40, 12:

tantus acervus fuit, ut metientibus dimidium super tres modios explesse, sint quidam auctores,

Liv. 23, 12.—

Poet. transf., to measure a distance, i. e. to pass, walk, or sail through or over, to traverse:

Sacram metiente te viam (of the measured pace of a proud person),

Hor. Epod. 4, 7:

aequor curru,

to sail through, Verg. G. 4, 389:

aquas carinā,

Ov. M. 9, 446:

tu, cursu, dea menstruo metiens iter annuom,

to go through complete, Cat. 34, 17:

instabili gressu metitur litora cornix,

Luc. 5, 556.—Also absol.:

quin hic metimur gradibus militariis,

to walk, Plaut. Ps. 4, 4, 11.—

Trop., to measure, estimate, judge one thing by another; also simply to measure, estimate, judge of, set a value on a thing.

With abl. of the standard of comparison, or the means of judgment:

sonantia metiri auribus,

Cic. Or. 68, 227:

oculo latus,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 103:

omnia quaestu,

by profit, Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 111:

qui nihil alterius causa faciet et metietur suis commodis omnia,

id. Leg. 1, 14, 41:

vides igitur, si amicitiam sua caritate metiare, nihil esse praestantius,

id. Fin. 2, 26, 85:

vim eloquentiae sua facultate non rei natura,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 4, 10:

omnia voluptate,

id. Fam. 7, 12, 2:

studia utilitate,

Quint. 12, 11, 29:

magnos homines virtute, non fortuna,

Nep. Eum. 1:

usum pecuniae non magnitudine, sed ratione,

Cic. Att. 14:

officia utilitate,

Lact. 6, 11, 12:

odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio,

Liv. 3, 54:

pericula suo metu,

Sall. C. 31, 2:

peccata vitiis,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 20:

aetatem nostram non spatio senectutis, sed tempore adulescentiae,

Quint. 12, 11, 13.—

With ex (very rare):

fidelitas, quam ego ex mea conscientiā metior,

Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2: ex eo, quantum cuique satis est, metiuntur homines divitiarum modum, id. Par. 6, 1, 14.—

With ad:

nec se metitur ad illum quem dedit haec (paupertas) posuitque modum,

i. e. accommodates herself, Juv. 6, 358.—

Absol. (post-Aug.):

metiri ac diligenter aestimare vires suas,

Quint. 6, 1, 45:

pondera sua,

Mart. 12, 100, 8:

sua regna,

Luc. 8, 527. —

With quod:

quanto metiris pretio, quod, etc.,

Juv. 9, 72.—

To traverse. go over, pass through:

late Aequora prospectu metior alta meo,

Ov. H. 10, 28:

tot casus, tot avia,

Val. Fl. 5, 476:

jamque duas lucis partes Hyperione menso,

Ov. M. 8, 564.—

To measure out, deal to any one, treat one well or ill:

mensurā quā mensi fueritis, remetietur vobis,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 38; cf. id. Matt. 7, 2.

signif., to be measured:

agri glebatim metiebantur,

Lact. Mort. Persec. 23, 2:

an sol pedis unius latitudine metiatur,

Arn. 2, 86.— Part. perf.: mensus, a, um, measured off:

mensa spatia conficere,

Cic. N. D. 2, 27, 69.—As subst.:

bene mensum dabo,

good measure, Sen. Q. N. 4, 4, 1.

ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).

Lit.:

vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:

aquam oblatam in galea,

Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:

humorem,

Cels. 7, 15:

lacrimas,

Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:

imbrem (procella),

Curt. 8, 13:

se in oceanum (Ganges),

Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:

Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,

Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:

mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—

Transf., of non-liquid bodies.

In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:

frumentum in flumen,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:

ei oculus effunditur,

is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:

tela,

i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:

auxilium castris apertis,

to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:

equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,

threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:

(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

sub altis portis,

id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:

aliquem solo,

id. ib. 12, 532:

caput in gremium,

Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:

carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,

i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—

In partic.

With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):

omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),

Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,

se,

id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:

se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,

Liv. 38, 6;

so mid.,

Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;

ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,

spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—

With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:

non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,

Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:

copiam,

Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—

Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:

patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,

patrimonium,

id. Phil. 3, 2:

aerarium,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

sumptus,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

opes,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:

omnes fortunas,

Tac. A. 14, 31:

reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,

Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:

effundite, emite, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.

Trop.

In gen.:

effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,

i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:

procellam eloquentiae,

Quint. 11, 3, 158:

totos affectus,

id. 4, 1, 28:

tales voces,

Verg. A. 5, 723:

questus,

id. ib. 5, 780:

carmina,

Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:

vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,

Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:

questus in aëra,

Ov. M. 9, 370:

omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:

iram in aliquem,

Liv. 39, 34:

omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,

id. 31, 44, 2:

indignationem,

Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).

With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:

qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

se in omnes libidines,

Tac. A. 14, 13:

(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,

has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;

more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,

Liv. 25, 20, 6:

in venerem,

id. 29, 23, 4:

in amorem,

Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:

in laetitiam,

Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:

in jocos,

Suet. Aug. 98:

in cachinnos,

id. Calig. 32:

in questus, lacrimas, vota,

Tac. A. 1, 11:

in lacrimas,

id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;

for which, lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:

ad preces lacrimasque,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.:

ad luxuriam,

id. 34, 6:

terra effunditur in herbas,

Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:

quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,

id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—

To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:

collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

odium,

id. ib. 1, 9, 20:

vires,

Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:

curam sui,

Sen. Ira, 2, 35:

verecundiam,

id. Ep. 11:

animam,

Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.

vitam,

Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:

spiritum,

Tac. A. 2, 70.—

To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:

manibus omnis effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 5, 818:

sive gradum seu frena effunderet,

Stat. Th. 9, 182:

irarum effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.

(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:

reliquias et effusa intueri,

Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—

(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.

In gen.:

effusumque corpus,

Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:

late mare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:

loca,

Tac. G. 30:

effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,

Vell. 2, 43:

incendium,

Liv. 30, 5; cf.

caedes,

id. 42, 65:

cursus,

id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:

membra,

i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—

Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:

habenis,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:

quam posset effusissimis habenis,

Liv. 37, 20:

comae,

Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.

also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,

Verg. G. 4, 337.—

Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:

effusum agmen ducit,

Liv. 21, 25, 8:

aciem,

Luc. 4, 743:

huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,

Liv. 30, 5, 8.—

Trop.

Profuse, prodigal, lavish:

quis in largitione effusior?

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

munificentiae effusissimus,

Vell. 2, 41.—

Extravagant, immoderate:

licentia,

Liv. 44, 1; cf.

laetitia,

id. 35, 43 fin.:

cursus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:

cultus in verbis,

Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:

laudationes,

Petr. 48, 7:

studium,

Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.

(Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.

In gen.:

ire,

Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.

fugere,

Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:

persequi,

id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:

vastare,

Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:

effusius praedari,

id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —

Esp., profusely, lavishly:

large effuseque donare,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.

vivere,

id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:

affluant opes,

Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—

(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:

cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

amare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:

dicere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

fovere,

id. ib. 7, 24, 4:

excipere,

Suet. Ner. 22:

favere,

Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:

diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.

ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).

Lit.:

vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:

aquam oblatam in galea,

Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:

humorem,

Cels. 7, 15:

lacrimas,

Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:

imbrem (procella),

Curt. 8, 13:

se in oceanum (Ganges),

Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:

Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,

Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:

mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—

Transf., of non-liquid bodies.

In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:

frumentum in flumen,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:

ei oculus effunditur,

is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:

tela,

i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:

auxilium castris apertis,

to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:

equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,

threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:

(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

sub altis portis,

id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:

aliquem solo,

id. ib. 12, 532:

caput in gremium,

Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:

carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,

i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—

In partic.

With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):

omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),

Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,

se,

id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:

se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,

Liv. 38, 6;

so mid.,

Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;

ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,

spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—

With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:

non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,

Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:

copiam,

Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—

Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:

patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,

patrimonium,

id. Phil. 3, 2:

aerarium,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

sumptus,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

opes,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:

omnes fortunas,

Tac. A. 14, 31:

reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,

Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:

effundite, emite, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.

Trop.

In gen.:

effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,

i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:

procellam eloquentiae,

Quint. 11, 3, 158:

totos affectus,

id. 4, 1, 28:

tales voces,

Verg. A. 5, 723:

questus,

id. ib. 5, 780:

carmina,

Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:

vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,

Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:

questus in aëra,

Ov. M. 9, 370:

omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:

iram in aliquem,

Liv. 39, 34:

omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,

id. 31, 44, 2:

indignationem,

Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).

With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:

qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

se in omnes libidines,

Tac. A. 14, 13:

(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,

has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;

more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,

Liv. 25, 20, 6:

in venerem,

id. 29, 23, 4:

in amorem,

Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:

in laetitiam,

Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:

in jocos,

Suet. Aug. 98:

in cachinnos,

id. Calig. 32:

in questus, lacrimas, vota,

Tac. A. 1, 11:

in lacrimas,

id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;

for which, lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:

ad preces lacrimasque,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.:

ad luxuriam,

id. 34, 6:

terra effunditur in herbas,

Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:

quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,

id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—

To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:

collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

odium,

id. ib. 1, 9, 20:

vires,

Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:

curam sui,

Sen. Ira, 2, 35:

verecundiam,

id. Ep. 11:

animam,

Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.

vitam,

Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:

spiritum,

Tac. A. 2, 70.—

To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:

manibus omnis effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 5, 818:

sive gradum seu frena effunderet,

Stat. Th. 9, 182:

irarum effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.

(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:

reliquias et effusa intueri,

Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—

(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.

In gen.:

effusumque corpus,

Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:

late mare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:

loca,

Tac. G. 30:

effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,

Vell. 2, 43:

incendium,

Liv. 30, 5; cf.

caedes,

id. 42, 65:

cursus,

id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:

membra,

i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—

Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:

habenis,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:

quam posset effusissimis habenis,

Liv. 37, 20:

comae,

Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.

also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,

Verg. G. 4, 337.—

Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:

effusum agmen ducit,

Liv. 21, 25, 8:

aciem,

Luc. 4, 743:

huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,

Liv. 30, 5, 8.—

Trop.

Profuse, prodigal, lavish:

quis in largitione effusior?

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

munificentiae effusissimus,

Vell. 2, 41.—

Extravagant, immoderate:

licentia,

Liv. 44, 1; cf.

laetitia,

id. 35, 43 fin.:

cursus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:

cultus in verbis,

Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:

laudationes,

Petr. 48, 7:

studium,

Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.

(Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.

In gen.:

ire,

Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.

fugere,

Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:

persequi,

id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:

vastare,

Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:

effusius praedari,

id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —

Esp., profusely, lavishly:

large effuseque donare,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.

vivere,

id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:

affluant opes,

Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—

(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:

cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

amare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:

dicere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

fovere,

id. ib. 7, 24, 4:

excipere,

Suet. Ner. 22:

favere,

Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:

diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.

ef-fundo (or ecf-), fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad (class.; esp. freq. in the transf. and trop. signif.).

Lit.:

vinum in barathrum (i. e. ventrem),

Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 28; cf. Cic. Pis. 10:

aquam oblatam in galea,

Front. Strat. 1, 7, 7:

humorem,

Cels. 7, 15:

lacrimas,

Lucr. 1, 126; Cic. Planc. 42, 101:

imbrem (procella),

Curt. 8, 13:

se in oceanum (Ganges),

Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 243:

Sangarius flumen in Propontidem se effundit,

Liv. 38, 18, 18; cf. pass. in mid. force:

mare neque redundat umquam neque effunditur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 45, 116; v. also under P. a.—

Transf., of non-liquid bodies.

In gen., to pour out, pour forth, drive out, cast out, send out (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

a favorite word of Vergil): saccos nummorum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 149:

frumentum in flumen,

Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 19:

ei oculus effunditur,

is knocked out, put out, ib. 19, 2, 13, § 4:

tela,

i. e. to shoot in great numbers, Verg. A. 9, 509; Liv. 27, 18:

auxilium castris apertis,

to send forth, Verg. A. 7, 522:

equus consulem lapsum super caput effudit,

threw, Liv. 22, 3, 11; so id. 10, 11; 27, 32; Plin. 8, 42, 65, § 160; Curt. 8, 14, 34; Verg. A. 10, 574; 893; cf. Val. Fl. 8, 358:

(quae via) Excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum,

Verg. A. 9, 68:

sub altis portis,

id. ib. 11, 485; cf.:

aliquem solo,

id. ib. 12, 532:

caput in gremium,

Cels. 7, 7, 4. — Poet.:

carmina molli numero fluere, ut per leve severos Effundat junctura ungues,

i. e. lets it slip over smoothly, Pers. 1, 65.—

In partic.

With se, or mid. of persons, to pour out in a multitude, to rush out, spread abroad (a favorite expression with the historians):

omnis sese multitudo ad cognoscendum effudit (sc. ex urbe),

Caes. B. C. 2, 7, 3; so,

se,

id. ib. 2, 7, 3; Liv. 26, 19; 34, 8; 33, 12, 10; 35, 39, 5; Val. Max. 7, 6, 6; Vell. 2, 112, 4; Suet. Calig. 4 fin.; id. Caes. 44 et saep. (but not in Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2, where the better reading is:

se ejecerat, v. Schneider ad h. l.): omnibus portis effunduntur,

Liv. 38, 6;

so mid.,

Tac. A. 1, 23; Liv. 40, 40, 10; and esp. freq. in the part. effusus, Sall. J. 55, 4; 69, 2; Liv. 1, 14; 9, 31; Tac. A. 4, 25 fin.; 12, 31; 15, 23; Verg. A. 6, 305 et saep.— Ellips. of se: ubi se arctat (mare) Hellespontus vocatur; Propontis, ubi expandit; ubi iterum pressit, Thracius Bosporus;

ubi iterum effundit, Pontus Euxinus,

spreads out, widens, Mel. 1, 1, 5.—

With the accessory notion of producing, to bring forth, produce abundantly:

non solum fruges verum herbas etiam effundunt,

Cic. Or. 15, 48; cf.: fruges (auctumnus), Hor. C. 4, 7, 11:

copiam,

Cic. Brut. 9, 36.—

Of property, to pour out, i. e. to lavish, squander, waste, run through:

patrimonium per luxuriam effundere atque consumere,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; so,

patrimonium,

id. Phil. 3, 2:

aerarium,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 15; id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

sumptus,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

opes,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94:

omnes fortunas,

Tac. A. 14, 31:

reditus publicos non in classem exercitusque, sed in dies festos,

Just. 6, 9, 3; and absol.:

effundite, emite, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 34.

Trop.

In gen.:

effudi vobis omnia, quae sentiebam,

i. e. have freely imparted, Cic. de Or. 1, 34 fin.; cf. id. Att. 16, 7, 5; id. Fl. 17, 41; Quint. 2, 2, 10; 10, 3, 17; Val. Fl. 7, 434:

procellam eloquentiae,

Quint. 11, 3, 158:

totos affectus,

id. 4, 1, 28:

tales voces,

Verg. A. 5, 723:

questus,

id. ib. 5, 780:

carmina,

Ov. H. 12, 139 al.:

vox in coronam turbamque effunditur,

Cic. Fl. 28 fin.; cf.:

questus in aëra,

Ov. M. 9, 370:

omnem suum vinulentum furorem in me,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 4:

iram in aliquem,

Liv. 39, 34:

omne odium in auxilii praesentis spem,

id. 31, 44, 2:

indignationem,

Vulg. Ezech. 20, 8 et saep.—

In partic. (acc. to I. B. 2. a. and c.).

With se, or mid., to give one's self up to, to give loose to, yield to, indulge in:

qui se in aliqua libidine effuderit,

Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21:

se in omnes libidines,

Tac. A. 14, 13:

(Pompeius) in nos suavissime hercule effusus,

has treated me with the most flattering confidence, Cic. Att. 4, 9;

more freq., mid.: in tantam licentiam socordiamque,

Liv. 25, 20, 6:

in venerem,

id. 29, 23, 4:

in amorem,

Tac. A. 1, 54; Curt. 8, 4, 25:

in laetitiam,

Just. 12, 3, 7; Curt. 5, 1, 37:

in jocos,

Suet. Aug. 98:

in cachinnos,

id. Calig. 32:

in questus, lacrimas, vota,

Tac. A. 1, 11:

in lacrimas,

id. ib. 3, 23; 4, 8; id. H. 2, 45;

for which, lacrimis,

Verg. A. 2, 651; cf.:

ad preces lacrimasque,

Liv. 44, 31 fin.:

ad luxuriam,

id. 34, 6:

terra effunditur in herbas,

Plin. 17, 8, 4, § 48; cf.:

quorum stomachus in vomitiones effunditur,

id. 23, 1, 23, § 43.—

To cast away, give up, let go, dismiss, resign:

collectam gratiam florentissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

odium,

id. ib. 1, 9, 20:

vires,

Liv. 10, 28; Ov. M. 12, 107:

curam sui,

Sen. Ira, 2, 35:

verecundiam,

id. Ep. 11:

animam,

Verg. A. 1, 98; cf.

vitam,

Ov. H. 7, 181; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, 9; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 25:

spiritum,

Tac. A. 2, 70.—

To relax, loosen, slacken, let go:

manibus omnis effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 5, 818:

sive gradum seu frena effunderet,

Stat. Th. 9, 182:

irarum effundit habenas,

Verg. A. 12, 499.—Hence, effūsus, a, um, P. a.

(Effundo, I. B. 1.) Poured out, cast out; hence, plur. as subst.: effusa, ōrum, n., the urine:

reliquias et effusa intueri,

Sen. Const. Sap. 13, 1.—

(Effundo, I. B. 2.) Spread out, extensive, vast, broad, wide (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).— Lit.

In gen.:

effusumque corpus,

Lucr. 3, 113; cf.:

late mare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 26:

loca,

Tac. G. 30:

effusissimus Hadriatici maris sinus,

Vell. 2, 43:

incendium,

Liv. 30, 5; cf.

caedes,

id. 42, 65:

cursus,

id. 2, 50; Plin. 9, 33, 52, § 102:

membra,

i. e. full, plump, Stat. Th. 6, 841.—

Esp., relaxed, slackened, loosened, dishevelled:

habenis,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 31; cf.:

quam posset effusissimis habenis,

Liv. 37, 20:

comae,

Ov. H. 7, 70; id. Am. 1, 9, 38 et saep.; cf.

also transf.: (nymphae) caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla,

Verg. G. 4, 337.—

Of soldiers or a throng of people, etc., straggling, disorderly, scattered, dispersed:

effusum agmen ducit,

Liv. 21, 25, 8:

aciem,

Luc. 4, 743:

huc omnis turba effusa ruebat,

Verg. A. 6, 305:

sine armis effusi in armatos incidere hostis,

Liv. 30, 5, 8.—

Trop.

Profuse, prodigal, lavish:

quis in largitione effusior?

Cic. Cael. 6, 13:

munificentiae effusissimus,

Vell. 2, 41.—

Extravagant, immoderate:

licentia,

Liv. 44, 1; cf.

laetitia,

id. 35, 43 fin.:

cursus,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 11 et saep.— Comp.:

cultus in verbis,

Quint. 3, 8, 58.— Sup.:

laudationes,

Petr. 48, 7:

studium,

Suet. Ner. 40.— Adv.: effūse.

(Acc. to I.) Far spread, far and wide, widely.

In gen.:

ire,

Sall. J. 105, 3; cf.

fugere,

Liv. 3, 22; 40, 48:

persequi,

id. 43, 23; Curt. 9, 8:

vastare,

Liv. 1, 10; 44, 30; cf.:

effusius praedari,

id. 34, 16 et saep.: spatium annale effuse interpretari. in a wide sense, Cod. Just. 7, 40, 1. —

Esp., profusely, lavishly:

large effuseque donare,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 8 fin.; cf.

vivere,

id. Cael. 16 fin.: liberalem esse, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:

affluant opes,

Liv. 3, 26. —In the comp., Tac. A. 4, 62.—

(Acc. to II.) Extravagantly, immoderately:

cum inaniter et effuse animus exsultat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 6, 13:

amare,

Plin. Ep. 6, 26, 2.— Comp.:

dicere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

fovere,

id. ib. 7, 24, 4:

excipere,

Suet. Ner. 22:

favere,

Tac. H. 1, 19.— Sup.:

diligere,

Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; id. Pan. 84, 4.

per-fĕro, tŭli, lātum, ferre, v. a., to bear or carry through to a certain place or end.

Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

lapis nec pertulit ictum,

did not bring the blow home, did not reach the mark, Verg. A. 12, 907:

hasta perlata sub papillam,

id. ib. 11, 803:

per arma pertulit ictum,

Sil. 5, 326:

partum,

to go the full time, Plin. 7, 13, 11, § 58.— Pass., Plin. 7, 11, 9, § 49; cf.:

ventrem perferre,

Col. 6, 24, 2; 6, 27, 7:

Aeneas tulit patrem per ignes, et pertulit,

Sen. Ben. 3, 37, 1.—

Transf.

To carry, bring, convey (class.;

syn.: refero, defero): perferre mandata alicujus ad aliquem,

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 18:

cum has quam primum ad te perferri litteras vellemus,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1:

alicui nuntium alicujus rei,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1; 2, 11, 1; Verg. A. 11, 825:

epistulam,

Nep. Paus. 4, 1.— Pass.: perferri, to be brought, conveyed to a person or place, to reach, arrive, come: cum ad eum fama tanti exercitūs perlata esset, Liv. 28, 13:

perfertur circa collem clamor,

resounds round the hill, id. 7, 36, 12; Curt. 5, 12, 13; Liv. 5, 28, 12:

ad urbem terror,

id. 3, 3.—

In partic., to convey news, to announce, state, etc. (class.):

et litteris multorum et sermone omnium perfertur ad me, incredibilem tuam virtutem et fortitudinem esse,

I am informed, Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 1; Nep. Lys. 4, 1:

nuntius perfert incensas naves,

Verg. A. 5, 665; Cic. Att. 4, 1; Liv. 3, 23.—

Se, to betake one's self somewhere, to go:

hinc te reginae ad limina perfer,

Verg. A. 1, 389. —

Trop.

To bear, support, or endure to the end:

decem annorum poenam,

Nep. Arist. 1 fin.:

onus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 41:

intrepidos ad fata novissima vultus,

kept, maintained, Ov. M. 13, 478:

leve est miserias ferre, perferre est grave,

Sen. Thyest. 307.—

To bring to an end, to carry through, carry out; to complete, accomplish:

laborem,

Stat. Th. 12, 406:

id quod suscepi, quoad potero, perferam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 10:

jussa omnia,

Prop. 1, 18, 26:

suum imperium,

i. e. to do what one bids others do, Sil. 1, 250:

est utique jus vetandi, cum lex feratur, quamdiu non perfertur, Cic. Cornel. Fragm. ap. Ascon.: legem pertulit, ut, etc.,

carried it through, got it passed, Liv. 33, 46; cf. id. 2, 56:

actionem,

Dig. 48, 16, 11:

causam,

ib. 5, 2, 6:

rogationem,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2; Liv. 36, 1.—

To carry out, conduct, manage (post-Aug.):

patronum perferendae pro se legationis eligere,

Suet. Claud. 6.—

In gen., to bear, suffer, put up with, brook, submit to, endure (class.; cf.:

patior, sino, tolero): perfer, si me amas,

Cic. Att. 5, 21, 7:

perfero et perpetior omnes,

id. de Or. 2, 19, 77:

pati, perferre, non succumbere,

id. Tusc. 2, 7, 17:

frigore, et fame, et siti, ac vigiliis perferendis,

id. Cat. 2, 5, 9:

luxuriem, crudelitatem, avaritiam, superbiam,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 8:

pauperiem,

Verg. A. 6, 437:

perfer et obdura,

Ov. Am. 3, 11, 7; Cat. 8, 11:

omnes indignitates contumeliasque,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14:

laborem,

Verg. G. 2, 343:

monstra,

id. A. 3, 584.—

(Like pati.) To permit, suffer; with an object-clause:

excindi urbes suas seque cremari pertulerunt,

Tac. H. 4, 58:

Achilles Cessare in Teucros pertulit arma sua,

Prop. 2, 8, 30 (8, b, 14).—

Transf., to bear the penalty of (eccl. Lat.):

qui peccata nostra ipse pertulit in corpore,

Vulg. 1 Pet. 2, 24.—Hence, perfĕrens, entis, P. a., bearing, brooking, patient; with gen., analog. to patiens:

injuriarum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 184.

per-mētĭor, mensus, 4, v. dep. a., to measure through, measure out, measure (class.).

Lit.:

solis magnitudinem, quasi decempedā,

Cic. Ac. 2, 41, 126.—

Transf., to travel through, traverse: (lupus femina) campos celeri passu permensa, Enn. ap. Non. 378, 18 (Ann. v. 74 Vahl.); so id. ap. Fest. p. 301 Müll. (Ann. v. 443 ib.):

ad vos permensu'st viam,

came over, Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 49:

Siciliae oras errabundus permetiens, Consol. ad Polyb. 36: classibus aequor,

Verg. A. 3, 157:

aëra,

Lucr. 6, 1142:

iter,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 202:

secula,

to live through, Mart. 9, 30, 1.—Hence, part. perf.: per-mensus, a, um, in pass. signif., measured out:

permensum et perlibratum opus,

Col. 3, 13 fin.:

permenso tempore lucis,

Tib. 3, 3, 9; App. M. 8, p. 209, 40:

gradatim permensis honoribus,

id. ib. 10, p. 247, 25.

rumpo, rūpi, ruptum ( inf. paragog. rumpier, Afran. Com. 127), 3, v. a. [root rup], to break, burst, tear, rend, rive, rupture; to break asunder, burst in pieces, force open, etc. (very freq. and class.; a favorite word of the Aug. poets; cf. frango).

Lit.: SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Fest. S. V. TALIO, p. 274; and ap. Gell. 20, 1, 14; cf. Cato ap. Prisc. p. 710 P.:

vincula,

Lucr. 3, 83; Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; Prop. 4, 10, 4; Verg. A. 10, 233 al.:

catenas,

Prop. 3, 13, 11; Hor. S. 2, 7, 70; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 3:

frena pudoris,

Prop. 4, 18, 3:

obstantia claustra,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 9:

teretes plagas (aper),

id. C. 1, 1, 28:

pontem,

to break down, Liv. 7, 9; cf.:

rupti torrentibus pontes,

Quint. 2, 13, 16:

montem aceto (Hannibal),

Juv. 10, 153:

Alpes,

Sil. 11, 135:

arcum,

Phaedr. 3, 14, 10:

plumbum (aqua),

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 20:

carinam (sinus Noto remugiens),

id. Epod. 10, 20:

tenta cubilia tectaque,

id. ib. 12, 12:

vestes,

Ov. M. 6, 131; cf.:

tenues a pectore vestes,

id. A. A. 3, 707:

sinus pariterque capillos,

id. M. 10, 722:

linum ruptum aut turbata cera,

Quint. 12, 8, 13:

praecordia ferro,

to penetrate, Ov. M. 6, 251; 5, 36; cf.:

guttura cultro,

to cut, id. ib. 15, 465:

colla securi,

id. ib. 12, 249:

nubem (vis venti),

to sunder, rive, Lucr. 6, 432:

fulmen nubes rumpit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 58, 1:

spiritus rumpit nubes,

id. ib. 2, 54, 3:

ruptae nubes et in pronum solutae,

id. ib. 5, 12, 1:

caelum,

Sil. 3, 196:

polum,

id. 1, 135: turbo ruptus, breaking or bursting forth, Verg. A. 2, 416 et saep.:

tuā causā rupi ramices,

burst, ruptured, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 30:

suos ramices,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 37:

inflatas vesiculas,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:

pectora fremitu (leones),

Lucr. 3, 297:

illius immensae ruperunt horrea messes,

filled to repletion, Verg. G. 1, 49; Col. 10, 307:

frugibus rupta congestis horrea,

Sid. 1, 6:

ilia,

Cat. 11, 20; 80, 7; Verg. E. 7, 26; cf. with a personal object:

rupit Iarbitam Timagenis aemula lingua, Dum, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 15.—Esp. reflexively, to burst or split one ' s self, to burst, split, etc.:

me rupi causā currendo tuā,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 43; id. Capt. prol. 14; Lucil. ap. Non. 88, 11; 382, 23:

ut me ambulando rumperet,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 21:

non, si te ruperis, Par eris,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 319.— Mid.: ego misera risu clandestino rumpier, to burst, split, Afran. ap. Non. 382, 21 (Com. Rel. p. 154 Rib.); so,

frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis,

Verg. E. 8, 71:

quā (licentiā audacium) ante rumpebar, nunc ne movear quidem,

could have burst, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

et inflatas rumpi vesiculas,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; cf.:

rumpantur iniqui, Vicimus,

Prop. 1, 8, 27:

miser Rumperis (sc. irā) et latras,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 136: rumpere viam, iter, etc., to force a passage, make one ' s way by force: ferro rumpenda per hostes Est via, a passage must be burst or forced through, Verg. A. 10, 372; cf.:

eo nisi corporibus armisque rupere cuneo viam,

Liv. 2, 50:

rupta via,

Quint. 9, 4, 63:

viam igne,

Stat. Th. 8, 469:

iter ferro,

Sil. 4, 196 (with reserare viam);

15, 782: Alpes,

id. 11, 135:

rupto sonuit sacer aequore Titan,

Val. Fl. 2, 37:

cursus,

id. ib. 1, 3; Sil. 7, 568 et saep.:

rumpere media agmina,

to burst through, break through, Verg. A. 12, 683; cf.:

proelia misso equo,

Prop. 3, 11, 64 (4, 10, 62):

ruptā mersum caput obruit undā,

Ov. M. 11, 569:

mediam aciem,

Liv. 26, 5:

pugnantibus acies rumpenda,

Just. 1, 6, 11:

ordines,

Liv. 6, 13:

aditus,

Verg. A. 2, 494:

parvos hiatus,

Sil. 5, 616:

fontem,

to break open, cause to break forth, Ov. M. 5, 257:

fontes abyssae magnae,

Vulg. Gen. 7, 11: se rumpere, to break out, burst forth ( = erumpere):

ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese Diversi rumpent radii,

Verg. G. 1, 446:

tantus se nubibus imber Ruperat,

id. A. 11, 548:

unde altus primum se erumpit Enipeus,

id. G. 4, 368; so,

rumpi, in mid. force: dum amnes ulli rumpuntur fontibus,

id. ib. 3, 428:

alicui reditum,

to cut off, Hor. Epod. 13, 15.— Absol.: offendit, fregit, rumpit, icit poculo, wounds, Afran. ap. Non. 124, 6 (Com. Rel. p. 173 Rib.); so, si quis rumpet occidetve insciens ne fraus esto, an ancient form of rogation in Liv. 22, 10, 5; cf. Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 17. —

Trop., to break, violate, destroy, annul, make void, interrupt, etc.:

hunc quisquam... foedera scientem neglexisse, violasse, rupisse dicere audebit?

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; so,

foedera,

Lucr. 2, 254; Auct. Her. 4, 14, 20; Liv. 9, 1; 21, 10; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 35:

foedus,

Liv. 3, 25, 5; 42, 40, 3:

imperium,

Curt. 10, 2, 15; Tac. A. 13, 36; id. H. 3, 19:

sacramenti religionem,

Liv. 28, 27:

reverentiam sacramenti,

Tac. H. 1, 12:

fidem induciarum, pacis, etc.,

Liv. 9, 40 fin.; 24, 29; Verg. G. 4, 213; Flor. 4, 2, 16:

jus gentium,

Liv. 4, 17:

hostium jus et sacra legationis et fas gentium,

Tac. A. 1, 42:

rogationes vos rogatas rumpitis,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 24:

edicta,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 22:

decreta,

Ov. M. 15, 780:

leges,

Luc. 4, 175:

constat, agnascendo rumpi testamentum,

is made void, Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 241; cf.:

jura testamentorum ruptorum aut ratorum,

id. ib. 1, 38, 173:

nuptias,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 7:

amores,

Verg. A. 4, 292:

condiciones pacis,

Vell. 2, 48, 5:

obsequium,

Suet. Galb. 16:

fata aspera,

Verg. A. 6, 882:

fati necessitatem humanis consiliis,

Liv. 1, 42:

ne me e somno excitetis et rumpatis visum,

break in upon, interrupt, Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12; so,

somnum,

Verg. A. 7, 458; cf. Sen. Ep. 51, 12:

sacra,

Verg. A. 8, 110:

carmina,

Tib. 2, 3, 20:

novissima verba,

Ov. A. A. 1, 539:

ut vero amplexus fessi rupere supremos,

Val. Fl. 5, 32:

strepitu silentia rumpi,

Lucr. 4, 583:

silentia (verbis),

Verg. A. 10, 64; Ov. M. 1, 208; 11, 598; Hor. Epod. 5, 85; Val. Fl. 3, 509; Plin. Pan. 55, 4:

diutinum silentium,

App. M. 10, p. 239, 14:

taciturnitatem,

Tac. A. 1, 74:

patientiam,

Suet. Tib. 24:

en age, segnes Rumpe moras,

break off, end delay, Verg. G. 3, 43; so,

rumpe moras,

id. A. 4, 569; 9, 13; Ov. M. 15, 583 Bach, N. cr.; Val. Fl. 1, 306; Mart. 2, 64, 9; Plin. Ep. 5, 11, 2; cf.:

rumpunt moras,

Luc. 1, 264:

otia,

Verg. A. 6, 813.— Poet.: rumpit has imo pectore voces, breaks forth, breaks out in, gives vent to, utters, etc., Verg. A. 11, 377; so,

vocem,

id. ib. 2, 129; 3, 246; Sil. 8, 301; Tac. A. 6, 20:

questus,

Verg. A. 4, 553; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 249:

gemitum,

Sil. 4, 458.

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