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that+which+is+done

  • 101 descubrimiento

    m.
    1 discovery.
    La cruda realidad The cruel [unmasked] reality...
    2 unveiling.
    3 uncovering.
    * * *
    1 discovery
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=hallazgo) [de país, invento, deportista] discovery
    2) [de conspiración, estafa] uncovering
    3) [de secreto] revelation
    4) [de estatua, placa] unveiling
    * * *
    1) (hallazgo, comprobación) discovery
    2) ( persona) discovery
    * * *
    = disclosure, discovering, discovery, research finding, unearthing, unfolding, unveiling, find, epiphany.
    Ex. The patent abstract is a concise statement of the technical disclosure of the patent and must emphasize that which is new in the context of the invention.
    Ex. This subdivision requires that DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION be further modified to specify who did the discovering; for example, AMERICA-DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION, SPANISH.
    Ex. If done effectively, displays can add interest and even excitement to the process of information discovery.
    Ex. These cases also serve as 'springboards' to more generalized discussions about issues, values, hypotheses, research findings, points of view, and so forth.
    Ex. This activity leads to the unearthing of information that smooths daily working in the library itself.
    Ex. Successive issues consulted together become a continuous narrative of the gradual unfolding of Community policy objectives.
    Ex. The unveiling of the mural took place during National Library Week.
    Ex. This article provides an interpretation of a major historical and archaeological find, the 1st Emperor of China's terra-cotta figures of warriors and horses.
    Ex. In this journal entry, Sarah describes her epiphany of simplicity: how she first came to realize that she wants less, not more.
    ----
    * de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.
    * descubrimiento de datos = data mining.
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * descubrimiento de uno mismo = self-discovery.
    * hacer un descubrimiento = make + discovery.
    * redescubrimiento = rediscovery.
    * viaje de descubrimiento = voyage of discovery.
    * * *
    1) (hallazgo, comprobación) discovery
    2) ( persona) discovery
    * * *
    = disclosure, discovering, discovery, research finding, unearthing, unfolding, unveiling, find, epiphany.

    Ex: The patent abstract is a concise statement of the technical disclosure of the patent and must emphasize that which is new in the context of the invention.

    Ex: This subdivision requires that DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION be further modified to specify who did the discovering; for example, AMERICA-DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION, SPANISH.
    Ex: If done effectively, displays can add interest and even excitement to the process of information discovery.
    Ex: These cases also serve as 'springboards' to more generalized discussions about issues, values, hypotheses, research findings, points of view, and so forth.
    Ex: This activity leads to the unearthing of information that smooths daily working in the library itself.
    Ex: Successive issues consulted together become a continuous narrative of the gradual unfolding of Community policy objectives.
    Ex: The unveiling of the mural took place during National Library Week.
    Ex: This article provides an interpretation of a major historical and archaeological find, the 1st Emperor of China's terra-cotta figures of warriors and horses.
    Ex: In this journal entry, Sarah describes her epiphany of simplicity: how she first came to realize that she wants less, not more.
    * de descubrimiento reciente = newly-discovered.
    * descubrimiento de datos = data mining.
    * descubrimiento de información en las bases de datos = knowledge discovery in databases (KDD).
    * descubrimiento de uno mismo = self-discovery.
    * hacer un descubrimiento = make + discovery.
    * redescubrimiento = rediscovery.
    * viaje de descubrimiento = voyage of discovery.

    * * *
    A
    1 (hallazgo) discovery
    el descubrimiento de América/de la penicilina the discovery of America/of penicillin
    2 (de un artista, atleta) discovery
    3 (comprobación) discovery
    B (persona) discovery, find
    * * *

    descubrimiento sustantivo masculino
    discovery
    descubrimiento sustantivo masculino discovery
    ' descubrimiento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    accidental
    - hallazgo
    - revelación
    - abrir
    English:
    detection
    - discovery
    - exposure
    - strike
    * * *
    1. [hallazgo] [de nuevas tierras, artista] discovery;
    este restaurante ha sido todo un descubrimiento this restaurant was a real find
    2. [avance técnico o científico] discovery;
    el descubrimiento de los agujeros negros the discovery of black holes;
    publicaron su descubrimiento en la revista “Nature” they published their discovery in “Nature”
    3. [de estatua, placa, busto] unveiling
    4. [de complot] uncovering;
    [de asesinos] detection
    * * *
    m
    1 de territorio, cura etc discovery
    2 ( revelación) revelation
    * * *
    : discovery
    * * *
    descubrimiento n discovery [pl. discoveries]

    Spanish-English dictionary > descubrimiento

  • 102 egon

    da/ad.
    a. to be; txoria kaiolan dago the bird is in the cage; txoria kaiolan egoten da the bird is usually in the cage ; bi urte \egon zen African he was two years in Africa; Roosevelt Etxe Zurian \egon zen 15 urtez Roosevelt was in the White House for 15 years
    b. ( etxean) to be in, be at home; Amaia al dago? is Amaia {in || there}?; kanpoan dago she's {out || away}
    c. ( egoera, osasunari d.) to be; ondo zaude? are you {well || all right}?
    d. ( kokatu) to stand, be; Udaletxea enparantza nagusian dago the Town Hall {stands || is} in the main square
    2.
    a. ( egoera adierazten duen izenari d.) ados \egon to agree; eri \egon to be sick; gatibu daudenak those who are held captive
    b. ( adb. bati d.) bizirik \egon to be alive; lotan \egon to be asleep; bi orduz \egon dira zain they've been waiting for two hours
    c. to be; dagoen dagoenean as it is; zegoen zegoenean utzi zuen he left is as it was
    c. ( + -ta, -a, -rik) egina dago it's done; dena ongi antolatuta dago everything is well organized; paperean bilduta dago it's wrapped in paper; asko ikasia nago I've learnt a lot
    3.
    a. ( iraun) to remain, be, stay, keep on idatzi izan dut, eta lehengoan nago oraindik, uste hori ez dela zuzena I've written about it and I still believe that conviction is wrong; ni oraindik lehenean nago I still feel the same way as before ; gauden euskaldunak! let us stay Basque!
    b. ( itxaron) to wait; \egon pixkat! wait a moment!
    4. ( atxiki) [ -(r)i ]
    a. to go with, correspond to; eltze estalki hau dagokio the lid goes with that pot; oinetako honi dagokion laguna the mate that goes with this shoe; erakunde horri dagokion dirulaguntza the aid {which corresponds || corresponding} to that organization
    b. ( egokia izan) to befit, correspond to; Haren izen santuari dagokionez as befitting His holy name; auzi honi dagokionez, hau da nire iritzia as far as this matter {is concerned || goes}, this is my opinion; haur nintzenean, haurrari dagokionez hitz egiten nuen when I was a child I spoke as {that befitting a child || like a child}
    c. ( aipatu) to refer to; horri nagokio that's what I'm referring to; Atxagak idatzi duen liburuari nagokiola, nik... in referring to the book written by Atxaga, I...
    5. (+ -tzen) Lagunart. to be ; hori egiten zeudek they're doing that
    6. (I)
    a. ( uste ukan) to believe, be confident; (ba)nago irabaziko dutela I'm confident that they'll win | I believe that they'll win; banengoen, ba! I thought so!
    b. ( nor bere buruari galdetu) to wonder; (ba)nago nola ez diren galtzen I wonder how they don't get lost
    7. ( nor gabe, pertsonarik gabe)
    a. ( informazio berria ematen denean) there + be; mahai gainean katu bat dago there is a cat on the table; mahai gainean katu batzuk daude there are cats on the table; mahai gainean katu bat zegoen there was a cat on the table ; mahai gainean katu bat egongo da \\ litzateke there will \\ would be a cat on the table; ez dago bananarik there aren't any bananas; jende asko zegoen bileran there were many people at the meeting
    b. ( + -tze) badago hori egitea (G) that can be done; ez dago hori egiterik that can't be done; hara joaterik ez dago there's no going there | you can't go there
    c. ez dago esan beharrik it goes without saying
    8. ( joera ukan) to tend, incline; nora dago zure iritzia? how are you inclined about it? | what are your leanings? Oharra: egon duten esaerak aurkitzeko, bila itzazu izenaren, adjektiboaren eta abarren adieran, adib., pozik egon aurkitzeko, bila ezazu pozik adieran

    Euskara Ingelesa hiztegiaren > egon

  • 103 dat

    dat1
    1 [zelfstandig (gebruikt)] that
    2 [bijvoeglijk] that
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   ben ik dat? • 〈 op foto〉 is that me?
         zo, denk je dat? • is that what you think?
         dat doet maar! • some people!
         zij heeft dat en dat gezegd • she said such and such
         dat is nog eens een man • there's a real man for you
         〈 als tegenwerping〉 dat is te zeggen • that is to say
         dat is het hem nu juist • that's just it, that's the problem
         ziezo, dat is/was dat • right, that's that (then), so much for that
         nou, dat is/was het dan • okay, that's that, that was it
         dat lijkt er meer op • that's more like it
         wat moet dat? • what's all this about?
         〈 als verklaring〉 dat wil zeggen • that is; 〈als afkorting: d.w.z.〉 i.e.
         wat zou dat? • what of it?
         zij zoeken alleen dat wat voordeel geeft • they only seek (whatever is to) their own advantage
         mijn boek en dat van jullie • my book and yours
    2   〈 afkeurend〉 dat gezanik/gezeur • that (awful) nagging/complaining
         dat mens • that (dreadful) woman
    ¶   〈 met nadruk〉 het is niet je dat • it's not that great
         〈 met nadruk〉 niet dat bezitten • have nothing at all
    1 [beperkend] that, which; 〈 met betrekking tot personen〉 that, who; 〈met betrekking tot personen; 3e en 4e naamval en onmiddellijk na voorzetsels; formeel〉 whom 〈in informeel stijl kan het betrekkelijk voornaamwoord vervallen behalve wanneer het het onderwerp is van de betrekkelijk bijzin〉
    2 [uitbreidend] which; 〈 met betrekking tot personen〉 who; 〈met betrekking tot personen; 3e en 4e naamval en onmiddellijk na voorzetsels; formeel〉 whom
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   het bericht dat hij mij bracht … • the message (that/which) he brought me …
         het bericht dat mij gebracht werd … • the message that/which was brought me …
         het jongetje dat ik een appel heb gegeven • the little boy (that/who) I gave an apple to
         het kind dat net riep, is mijn zoon • the child that/who just called out is my son
         hier woont een meisje dat ik vroeger kende • a girl (that/who) I used to know lives here
    2   het huis, dat onlangs opgeknapt was, werd verkocht • the house, which had recently been done up, was sold
    ————————
    dat2
    〈 voegwoord〉
    1 [ter inleiding van een afhankelijke mededeling] that 〈 kan vaak vervallen〉
    2 [met betrekking tot graadaanduidend gevolg] 〈zie voorbeelden 2〉
    3 [met betrekking tot reden, oorzaak] that, because
    4 [met betrekking tot doel] so that
    5 [met betrekking tot beperking] as far as
    6 [in uitroepen] 〈zie voorbeelden 6〉
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   zij kregen bericht dat hij niet op tijd zou zijn • they got a message (to say) that he would be late
         in plaats (van) dat je me het vertelt … • instead of telling me, you …
         de reden dat hij niet komt is … • the reason (why) he's not coming is …
         uit vrees dat • for fear that
         ik denk dat hij komt • I think (that) he'll come
         behalve dat • except that
         met dat hij … • 〈 tijdens〉 just as he …; 〈 onmiddellijk erna〉 the moment (that) he …
         zonder dat ik het wist • without me knowing
    2   het vriest dat het kraakt • it's freezing (cold)
         〈 informeel〉 je liegt dat je barst! • you're a rotten liar
         zij zongen dat het een (lieve) lust was • they sang with great gusto
         het regende dat het goot • it was pouring (down)
         hij vloekte dat de honden er geen brood van lustten • he swore like a trooper
    3   hij is kwaad, dat hij niet mee mag • he is angry that/because he can't come
         ben je ziek dat je zo bleek ziet? • don't you feel well, you look so pale
    4   doe het zo, dat ik tevreden kan zijn • do it in such a way that I can be pleased with it
    5   is ze handig, dat u weet? • is she any good as far as you know?
         is hier ook een bioscoop? niet dat ik weet • is there a cinema here? not that I know
    6   smerig dat het er uit zag! • you should have seen how dirty it was!
         dat mij nu juist zoiets moest overkomen! • that such a thing should happen to me right now!
         stommeling dat je bent! • you stupid fool!

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > dat

  • 104 Self

       There are some philosophers who imagine we are every moment intimately conscious of what we call our SELF; that we feel its existence and its continuance in existence; and are certain, beyond the evidence of a demonstration, both of its perfect identity and simplicity....
       For my part, when I enter most intimately into what I call myself, I always stumble on some particular perception or other, of heat or cold, light or shade, love or hatred, pain or pleasure. I never can catch myself at any time without a perception, and never can observe anything but the perception....
       [S]etting aside some metaphysicians... I may venture to affirm, of the rest of mankind, that they are nothing but a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement. Our eyes cannot turn in their sockets without varying our perceptions. Our thought is still more variable than our sight; and all our other senses and faculties contribute to this change; nor is there any single power of the soul, which remains unalterably the same, perhaps for one moment. The mind is a kind of theatre, where several perceptions successively make their appearance, pass, re-pass, glide away, and mingle in an infinite variety of postures and situations. There is properly no simplicity in it at any one time, nor identity in different, whatever natural propensity we may have to imagine that simplicity and identity. The comparison of the theatre must not mislead us. [It is merely] the successive perceptions... that constitute the mind; nor have we the most distant notion of the place where the scenes are represented, or of the materials of which it is composed. (Hume, 1978, pp. 251-256)
       To find wherein personal identity consists, we must consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking intelligent being that has reason and reflection and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing in different times and places; which it does only by that consciousness which is inseparable from thinking and, as it seems to me, essential for it-it being impossible for anyone to perceive without perceiving that he does perceive.
       When we see, hear, smell, taste, feel, meditate, or will anything, we know that we do so. Thus it is always as to our present sensations and perceptions; and by this everyone is to himself that which he calls self, not being considered in this case whether the same self be continued in the same or different substances. For since consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makes everyone to be what he calls self, and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things, in this alone consists personal identity, i.e., the sameness of a rational being. And as far as this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past action or thought, so far reaches the identity of that person. It is the same self now it was then, and it is by the same self as this present one that now reflects on it, that action was done. (Locke, 1975, Bk. II, Chap. 27, Sec. 9-10)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Self

  • 105 monumental

    adj.
    1 famous for its monuments.
    2 monumental.
    * * *
    1 monumental
    2 familiar (enorme) phenomenal
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=de monumentos)
    2) (=enorme) [esfuerzo, error, éxito] monumental; [atasco] enormous; [bronca, paliza] tremendous
    3) * (=excelente) tremendous *, terrific *
    * * *
    1) (Arquit)
    2) (fam) ( muy grande)
    a) ( en tamaño) huge, massive
    b) ( en grado) monumental
    3) (fam) ( estupendo) fabulous (colloq)
    * * *
    = formidable, monumental, Herculean, huge, enormous, humongous [humungous], ginormous, Herculanian, gianormous.
    Nota: Formado por la combinación de giant y enormous.
    Ex. 'It's up to you to see that things are done,' she defended herself, somewhat nervous and abashed by his formidable stare.
    Ex. She was chairperson of the Task Force that in 1972 wrote a monumental report about discrimination against women in the library profession.
    Ex. A task of Herculean proportions is how some members of Senate describe it.
    Ex. A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.
    Ex. In coventional libraries, such searches usually involve an enormous amount of time and energy.
    Ex. The word ' humongous' first darted onto the linguistic stage only about 1968 but hit the big time almost immediately and has been with us ever since.
    Ex. They have a ginormous share of the market!.
    Ex. The Ibbs family where founder members of this Herculanian pottery in Liverpool, England.
    Ex. The upside, and its a gianormous upside, is that there is so much variety.
    ----
    * tarea monumental = Herculean task, Herculanian task.
    * * *
    1) (Arquit)
    2) (fam) ( muy grande)
    a) ( en tamaño) huge, massive
    b) ( en grado) monumental
    3) (fam) ( estupendo) fabulous (colloq)
    * * *
    = formidable, monumental, Herculean, huge, enormous, humongous [humungous], ginormous, Herculanian, gianormous.
    Nota: Formado por la combinación de giant y enormous.

    Ex: 'It's up to you to see that things are done,' she defended herself, somewhat nervous and abashed by his formidable stare.

    Ex: She was chairperson of the Task Force that in 1972 wrote a monumental report about discrimination against women in the library profession.
    Ex: A task of Herculean proportions is how some members of Senate describe it.
    Ex: A user searching for Smith's 'History as Argument' who was not sure under which subject it would be entered, would have to prowl through a huge number of cards in a card catalog to find the entry under SMITH.
    Ex: In coventional libraries, such searches usually involve an enormous amount of time and energy.
    Ex: The word ' humongous' first darted onto the linguistic stage only about 1968 but hit the big time almost immediately and has been with us ever since.
    Ex: They have a ginormous share of the market!.
    Ex: The Ibbs family where founder members of this Herculanian pottery in Liverpool, England.
    Ex: The upside, and its a gianormous upside, is that there is so much variety.
    * tarea monumental = Herculean task, Herculanian task.

    * * *
    A ( Arquit):
    la riqueza monumental de la ciudad the wealth of monuments in the city
    1 (en tamaño) huge, massive
    una cocina/un jardín monumental a huge kitchen/garden
    2 (en grado) monumental
    un error/esfuerzo monumental a monumental error/effort
    me costó un trabajo monumental it took a tremendous amount of work
    C ( fam) (estupendo) fabulous ( colloq)
    tiene un cuerpo monumental she has a fabulous body
    * * *

    monumental adjetivo (fam)
    a) ‹cocina/jardín› huge, massive

    b) ‹error/esfuerzo› monumental

    monumental adjetivo
    1 (relativo al monumento) monumental
    2 fam (muy grande) huge: se formó un lío monumental, they kicked up a huge fuss
    ' monumental' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bestial
    - faraónica
    - faraónico
    - garrafal
    - mortal
    - pancha
    - pancho
    English:
    monumental
    * * *
    1. [ciudad, lugar]
    es una ciudad monumental it's a city with a lot of historic monuments;
    la ciudad contiene un espléndido conjunto monumental renacentista the city has a wonderful collection of Renaissance buildings
    2. [fracaso, éxito] monumental;
    agarró un enfado monumental he flew into an almighty rage;
    el concierto fue un aburrimiento monumental the concert was incredibly boring
    * * *
    adj monumental
    * * *
    1) : tremendous, terrific
    2) : massive, huge

    Spanish-English dictionary > monumental

  • 106 κατά

    κατά (Hom.+) prep. (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά beg., also LfgrE s.v. κατά 1346; with the gen. 74 times in NT; w. acc. 391 times in NT).
    A. w. the gen.
    ⓐ of location that is relatively lower, down from someth. (Hom. et al.; LXX; Ath. 1, 4 κ. κόρρης προπηλακίζειν=to smack on one side of the head) ὁρμᾶν κ. τοῦ κρημνοῦ rush down (from) the bank (cp. Polyb. 38, 16, 7 κ. τῶν κρημνῶν ῥίπτειν; Jos., Bell. 1, 313) Mt 8:32; Mk 5:13; Lk 8:33. κ. κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have someth. on one’s head (lit. hanging down fr. the head, as a veil. Cp. Plut., Mor. 200f ἐβάδιζε κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχων τὸ ἱμάτιον.; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 499, 5 of a mummy ἔχων τάβλαν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου) 1 Cor 11:4.
    ⓑ of position relatively deep, into someth. (Od. 9, 330 κ. σπείους ‘into the depths of the cave’; Hdt. 7, 235; X., An. 7, 1, 30) ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία extreme (lit. ‘reaching down into the depths’; cp. Strabo 9, 3, 5 [419] ἄντρον κοῖλον κ. βάθους) or abysmal poverty 2 Cor 8:2. This may perh. be the mng. of πλήσσειν τινὰ κ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν strike someone deep into the eyes ApcPt 11:26 (cp. Demosth. 19, 197 ξαίνει κ. τοῦ νώτου; PPetr II, 18 [2b], 15 [246 B.C.] ἔτυπτεν αὐτὸν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου).—κ. γαστρός Just., D. 78, 3 for ἐν γαστρί Mt 1:18 (cp. Ath. 35, 2 τὸ κ. γαστρὸς ζῶον εἶναι).
    ⓒ extension in various directions within an area, throughout (so in Luke’s writings; Polyb. 3, 19, 7 κ. τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν; PGiss 48, 8 κ. κυριακῆς γῆς; Jos., Ant. 8, 297; SibOr 3, 222; 4, 24; 5, 305) γνωστὸν γενέσθαι καθʼ ὅλης Ἰόππης become known throughout all Joppa Ac 9:42. καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας 9:31; 10:37; Lk 23:5. φήμη ἐξῆλθεν καθʼ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 4:14.
    ② down upon, toward, against someone or someth, fig. ext. of 1.
    ⓐ w. verbs of swearing, to denote what one swears by (Thu. 5, 47, 8; Lysias 32, 13; Isaeus 7, 28; Demosth. 21, 119; 29, 26; SIG 526, 4ff; 685, 25; UPZ 110, 39 [164 B.C.]; BGU 248, 13; Jdth 1:12; Is 45:23; 2 Ch 36:13) by ἐξορκίζειν (q.v.) Mt 26:63. ὀμνύναι (q.v.) Hb 6:13, 16. ὁρκίζειν (q.v.) Hs 9, 10, 5. Sim. ἐρωτᾶν κ. τινος request, entreat by someone Hv 3, 2, 3.
    ⓑ in a hostile sense, against
    α. after verbs that express hostile action, etc. διχάζειν Mt 10:35. ἐπαίρεσθαι 2 Cor 10:5. ἰσχύειν Ac 19:16. κακοῦν 14:2. στρατεύεσθαι 1 Pt 2:11. φυσιοῦσθαι 1 Cor 4:6
    β. after words and expressions that designate hostile speech, esp. an accusation ἔχειν (τι) κ. τινος have or hold someth. against someone Rv 2:4, 14, 20. φέρειν J 18:29. ἐγκαλεῖν Ro 8:33. ἐντυγχάνειν τινὶ κ. τινος 11:2 (TestJob 17:5). κατηγορεῖν Lk 23:14. ποιεῖν κρίσιν Jd 15a. τὸ κ. ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον the bond that stands against us Col 2:14. ἐμφανίζειν Ac 24:1; 25:2. αἰτεῖσθαί τι 25:3, 15. αἱ κ. τινος αἰτίαι vs. 27. εἰπεῖν πονηρόν Mt 5:11 (cp. Soph., Phil. 65 κακὰ λέγειν κ. τινος. X., Hell. 1, 5, 2; Isocr., C. Nic. 13; Plut., Mor. 2a λέγειν κ.; SIG 1180, 1 λέγειν κ. τινος; Just., A I, 23, 3; 49, 6 κ. τῶν … ὁμολογούντων). λαλεῖν ῥήματα Ac 6:13; cp. Jd 15b (TestDan 4:3; JosAs 23:15). μαρτυρεῖν κ. τ. θεοῦ give testimony in contradiction to God 1 Cor 15:15. ζητεῖν μαρτυρίαν κ. τινος testimony against someone Mk 14:55. ψευδομαρτυρεῖν 14:56f. ψευδομαρτυρία Mt 26:59. γογγύζειν 20:11. στενάζειν Js 5:9. διδάσκειν Ac 21:28. συμβούλιον διδόναι (ποιεῖν v.l.) Mk 3:6; ς. λαβεῖν Mt 27:1. ψεύδεσθαι Js 3:14 (Lysias 22, 7; X., Ap. 13; Ath. 35, 1 καθʼ ἡμῶν … κατεψεύσατο).
    γ. after expressions that designate such a position or state of mind in a different way εἶναι κ. τινος be against someone (opp. ὑπέρ) Mk 9:40 (WNestle, ZNW 13, 1912, 84–87; AFridrichsen, ibid., 273–80); Ro 8:31; (opp. μετά) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23. δύνασθαί τι κ. τινος be able to do someth. against someone 2 Cor 13:8. ἔχειν τι κ. τινος have someth. against someone (in one’s heart) Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; Hs 9, 24, 2; cp. ibid. 23, 2, where the acc. is to be supplied. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. ἐπιθυμεῖν Gal 5:17. μερίζεσθαι καθʼ ἑαυτῆς Mt 12:25. Cp. 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18).—κατά prob. means against also in ἔβαλεν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος Ac 27:14. ἐτελείωσαν κ. τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα they completed the full measure of sins against their own head GPt 5:17.
    B. w. acc. (so in the NT 399 times [besides καθʼ εἷς and κατὰ εἷς])
    ⓐ of extension in space, along, over, through, in, upon (Hom. et al.; OGI 90, 7 ἐκ τῶν κ. τ. χώραν ἱερῶν; PHib 82, 19; PTebt 5, 188; LXX; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5) Ac 24:12. καθʼ ὅλην τ. πόλιν throughout the city Lk 8:39 (cp. Diod S 4, 10, 6 καθʼ ὅλην τὴν Ἐλλάδα). ἐγένετο λιμὸς κ. τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 15:14. κ. τὰς κώμας 9:6. κ. πόλεις καὶ κώμας 13:22 (Appian., Maced. 9 §1 and 4 κ. πόλεις; Just., A I, 67, 3 κ. πόλεις ἢ ἀγρούς).—κ. τόπους in place after place Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11 (Theophr., περὶ σημ. 1, 4 p. 389 W.; Cat. Cod. Astr. III 28, 11 ἐν μέρει τ. ἀνατολῆς κ. τόπους, VIII/3, 186, 1 λιμὸς καὶ λοιμὸς καὶ σφαγαὶ κ. τόπους). οἱ ὄντες κ. τὴν Ἰουδαίαν those throughout Judea or living in Judea Ac 11:1. διασπαρῆναι κ. τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας be scattered over the regions of Judea 8:1. κ. τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν in the congregation there 13:1. τοῖς κ. τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν καὶ Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν ἀδελφοῖς 15:23. τοὺς κ. τὰ ἔθνη Ἰουδαίους the Judeans (dispersed) throughout the nations 21:21. τοῖς κ. τὸν νόμον γεγραμμένοις throughout the law = in the law 24:14b. κ. τὴν ὁδόν along or on the way (Lucian, Catapl. 4; Jos., Ant. 8, 404) Lk 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. τὸ κ. Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν πέλαγος the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia 27:5; but the geographical designation τὰ μέρη τ. Λιβύης τῆς κ. Κυρήνην 2:10 prob. belongs to b: the parts of Libya toward Cyrene.
    ⓑ of extension toward, toward, to, up to ἐλθεῖν (γίνεσθαι v.l.) κ. τὸν τόπον come up to the place (Jos., Vi. 283) Lk 10:32. ἐλθόντες κ. τὴν Μυσίαν to Mysia Ac 16:7; cp. 27:7. πορεύεσθαι κ. μεσημβρίαν (s. μεσημβρία 2) toward the south 8:26 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 505). κ. σκοπὸν διώκειν run (over the course) toward the goal Phil 3:14. λιμὴν βλέπων κ. λίβα καὶ κ. χῶρον a harbor open to the southwest and northwest Ac 27:12 (s. βλέπω 8).—κ. πρόσωπον to the face (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 205) Gal 2:11. ἔχειν τινὰ κ. πρόσωπον meet someone face to face (Thieme 19 has reff. for the use of κατὰ πρόσωπον as a legal formula) Ac 25:16. κ. πρόσωπον ταπεινός humble when personally present 2 Cor 10:1. κ. πρόσωπόν τινος in the presence of someone Lk 2:31; Ac 3:13. τὰ κ. πρόσωπον what lies before one’s eyes, i.e. is obvious 2 Cor 10:7. κ. ὀφθαλμοὺς προγράφειν portray before one’s eyes Gal 3:1.
    ⓒ of isolation or separateness, by (Thu. 1, 138, 6 οἱ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς Ἕλληνες ‘the Greeks by themselves’; Polyb. 1, 24, 4; 5, 78, 3; 11, 17, 6; Diod S 13, 72, 8; Gen 30:40; 43:32; 2 Macc 13:13; Philo, Migr. Abr. 87; 90; Just., D. 4, 5 αὐτὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν γενομένη; Tat. 13, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν; Ath. 15, 2 ὁ πηλὸς καθʼ ἑαυτόν) ἔχειν τι καθʼ ἑαυτόν keep someth. to oneself Ro 14:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 255; Heliod. 7, 16, 1). καθʼ ἑαυτὸν μένειν live by oneself of the private dwelling of Paul in Rome Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρὰ καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 3, 43 τὸ σῶμα καθʼ αὑτὸ νεκρόν ἐστιν). ἡ κατʼ οἶκον ἐκκλησία the congregation in the house Ro 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19. κατʼ ἰδίαν s. ἴδιος 5. κ. μόνας (Thu. 1, 32, 5; Menand., Epitr. 988 S. [658 Kö.], Fgm. 146 Kö. [158 Kock]; Polyb. 4, 15, 11; Diod S 4, 51, 16; BGU 813, 15 [s. APF 2, 1903, 97]; LXX) alone, by oneself Mk 4:10; Lk 9:18; Hm 11:8 (here, as well as BGU loc. cit. and LXX, written as one word καταμόνας).
    ⓓ of places viewed serially, distributive use w. acc., x by x (Arrian., Anab. 4, 21, 10 κ. σκηνήν=tent by tent) or from x to x: κατʼ οἶκον from house to house (PLond III, 904, 20 p. 125 [104 A.D.] ἡ κατʼ οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή) Ac 2:46b; 5:42 (both in ref. to various house assemblies or congregations; w. less probability NRSV ‘at home’); cp. 20:20. Likew. the pl. κ. τοὺς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος 8:3. κ. τὰς συναγωγάς 22:19. κ. πόλιν (Jos., Ant. 6, 73) from city to city IRo 9:3, but in every (single) city Ac 15:21; 20:23; Tit 1:5. Also κ. πόλιν πᾶσαν (cp. Herodian 1, 14, 9) Ac 15:36; κ. πᾶσαν πόλιν 20:23 D. κ. πόλιν καὶ κώμην Lk 8:1; cp. vs. 4.
    ② marker of temporal aspect (Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, apolog.)
    ⓐ in definite indications of time: at, on, during (Hdt. 8, 17; Polemon Soph. B 43 Reader κατʼ ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ‘in the course of that day’) κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beginning (cp. ἀρχή 1b) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26). κ. τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ in the day of trial 3:8 (Ps 94:8.—Cp. Antig. Car. 173 κ. τὸν σπόρου καιρόν). νεκροῦ … ἀνάστασιν κατʼ αὐτὸν γεγονυῖαν ἱστορεῖ (Papias) reports that a resurrection from the dead occurred in his time Papias (2, 9; so, with personal names, Hdt.; Just., D. 23, 1 τοῦ θεοῦ … τοῦ κ. τὸν Ἐνώχ; Tat. 31, 2 Θεαγένης … κ. Καμβύσην γεγονώς). Of the future: κ. τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον at that time, then Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10). Of the past: κ. ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρόν at that time, then (2 Macc 3:5; TestJos 12:1; Jos., Ant. 8, 266; cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ Konon: 26 Fgm. 3 p. 191, 25 Jac.; Just., A I, 17, 2; 26, 3 al.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. κ. καιρόν at that time, then Ro 5:6 (Just., D. 132, 1; cp. OGI 90, 28 καθʼ ὸ̔ν καιρόν), unless καιρός here means the right time (s. καιρός 1b end). κατʼ ὄναρ (as καθʼ ὕπνον Gen 20:6; Just., D 60, 5 κ. τοὺς ὕπνους) during a dream, in a dream Mt 1:20; 2:12 (s. s.v. ὄναρ for ins).
    ⓑ with indefinite indications of time: toward, about κ. τὸ μεσονύκτιον about midnight Ac 16:25; cp. 27:27.—8:26 (s. μεσημβρία 1).
    ⓒ distributively (cp. 1d): x period by x period: κατʼ ἔτος every year (s. ἔτος) Lk 2:41. Also κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν (s. ἐνιαυτός 1) Hb 9:25; 10:1, 3. καθʼ ἡμέραν daily, every day (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49; Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l. ἡ ἐπίστασις ἡ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἐπίστασις) 2 Cor 11:28. κ. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν every day (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:7. Also καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Hb 3:13. κ. μίαν σαββάτου on the first day of every week 1 Cor 16:2. κ. πᾶν σάββατον every Sabbath Ac 13:27; 15:21b; 18:4. κ. μῆνα ἕκαστον each month Rv 22:2 (κ. μῆνα as SIG 153, 65; POxy 275, 18; 2 Macc 6:7). κ. ἑορτήν at each festival Mt 27:15; Mk 15:6.
    ③ marker of division of a greater whole into individual parts, at a time, in detail, distributive use apart from indications of place (s. above 1d) and time (s. 2c)
    ⓐ w. numerals: κ. δύο ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον τρεῖς two or, at the most, three at a time (i.e. in any one meeting, cp. ἀνὰ μέρος) 1 Cor 14:27 (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 42 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς; Jos., Ant. 3, 142 κ. ἕξ; 5, 172 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς). καθʼ ἕνα (on this and the foll. s. εἷς 5e) singly, one after the other vs. 31. κ. ἕνα λίθον each individual stone Hs 9, 3, 5; καθʼ ἕνα λίθον 9, 6, 3. κ. ἓν ἕκαστον one by one, in detail Ac 21:19; 1 Cl 32:1 (Ath. 28, 4 καθʼ ἕκαστον). εἷς καθʼ εἷς Mk 14:19; J 8:9; cp. Ro 12:5 (B-D-F §305; Rob. 460). κ. ἑκατὸν καὶ κ. πεντήκοντα in hundreds and in fifties Mk 6:40.
    ⓑ περί τινος λέγειν κ. μέρος speak of someth. in detail Hb 9:5 (s. μέρος 1c). κατʼ ὄνομα (each one) by name (ἀσπάζομαι … τοὺς ἐνοίκους πάντες κα[τʼ] ὄνομα PTebt [III A.D.] 422, 11–16; Jos., Vi. 86) J 10:3; 3J 15 (cp. BGU 27, 18); ISm 13:2.
    ④ marker of intention or goal, for the purpose of, for, to (Thu. 6, 31, 1 κ. θέαν ἥκειν=to look at something; cp. Sb 7263, 6 [254 B.C.]; X., An. 3, 5, 2 καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι; Arrian, Anab. 1, 17, 12; 4, 5, 1; 21, 9; 6, 17, 6; 26, 2; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 2, 29; Anton. Lib., Fab. 24, 1 Δημήτηρ ἐπῄει γῆν ἅπασαν κ. ζήτησιν τῆς θυγατρός; 38; Jdth 11:19) κ. τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων for the Jewish ceremonial purification J 2:6. κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω to my shame 2 Cor 11:21 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 268 κ. τιμὴν τ. θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν). ἀπόστολος … κ. πίστιν … καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν an apostle … for the faith … and the knowledge Tit 1:1 (but the mng. ‘in accordance with’ is also prob.).
    ⑤ marker of norm of similarity or homogeneity, according to, in accordance with, in conformity with, according to
    ⓐ to introduce the norm which governs someth.
    α. the norm of the law, etc. (OGI 56, 33; Mitt-Wilck., I/2, 352, 11 κ. τὰ κελευσθέντα [as Just., D. 78, 7]; POxy 37 II, 8) κ. τὸν νόμον (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51; Just., D. 10, 1 al.; Ath. 31, 1; κ. τοὺς νόμους Ἀρεοπαγείτης, letter of MAurelius: ZPE 8, ’71, 169, ln. 27) Lk 2:22; J 18:31; 19:7; Hb 7:5. τὰ κ. τ. νόμον what is to be done according to the law Lk 2:39 (cp. EpArist 32). κ. τὸ ὡρισμένον in accordance w. what has been determined 22:22. Cp. 1:9; 2:24, 27, 42; Ac 17:2; 22:3. κ. τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου Ro 2:16; 16:25a; 2 Ti 2:8. κ. τὸ εἰρημένον Ro 4:18 (cp. Ath. 28, 1 κ. τὰ προειρημένα). κ. τὰς γραφάς (Just., D. 82, 4; cp. Paus. 6, 21, 10 κ. τὰ ἔπη=according to the epic poems; Just., A I, 32, 14 κ. τὸ λόγιον, D. 67, 1 κ. τὴν προφητείαν ταύτην) 1 Cor 15:3; cp. Js 2:8. κ. τὴν παράδοσιν Mk 7:5 (Tat. 39, 1 κ. τὴν Ἑλλήνων παράδοσιν).—κ. λόγον as one wishes (exx. in Dssm., B 209 [not in BS]; also PEleph 13, 1; 3 Macc 3:14) Ac 18:14 (though 5bβ below is also prob.).—It can also stand simply w. the acc. of the pers. according to whose will, pleasure, or manner someth. occurs κ. θεόν (cp. Socrat., Ep. 14, 5 κ. θεόν; 26, 2; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 1 Jac. and Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 84 §352 κ. δαίμονα; Jos., Ant. 4, 143 ὁ κ. τοῦτον[=θεόν] βίος; Just., D. 5, 1 κ. τινας … Πλατωνικούς; Tat. 1, 3 κ. … τὸν κωμικόν) Ro 8:27; 2 Cor 7:9–11; κ. Χριστὸν Ἰ. Ro 15:5. κ. κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. Cp. 1 Pt 1:15. κ. τ. Ἕλληνας in the manner of the Greeks, i.e. polytheists PtK 2, p. 14, 1; 7. κ. Ἰουδαίους ln. 25.
    β. the norm according to which a judgment is rendered, or rewards or punishments are given ἀποδοῦναι τινι κ. τ. πρᾶξιν or ἔργα αὐτοῦ (Ps 61:13; Pr 24:12; Just., A I, 12, 1; 17, 4 al.; κατʼ ἀξίαν τῶν πράξεων) Mt 16:27; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 4:14; Rv 2:23. μισθὸν λήμψεται κ. τ. ἴδιον κόπον 1 Cor 3:8. κρίνειν κ. τι J 7:24; 8:15; 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Ro 2:2.
    γ. of a standard of any other kind κ. τ. χρόνον ὸ̔ν ἠκρίβωσεν in accordance w. the time which he had ascertained Mt 2:16. κ. τ. πίστιν ὑμῶν acc. to your faith 9:29. κ. τ. δύναμιν acc. to his capability 25:15 (Just., D. 139, 4; Tat. 12, 3; cp. Just., A II, 13, 6 κ. δύναμιν). Cp. Lk 1:38; 2:29; Ro 8:4; 10:2; Eph 4:7. ἀνὴρ κ. τ. καρδίαν μου Ac 13:22 (καρδία 1bε).
    δ. Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged: οἱ κ. πρόθεσιν κλητοί Ro 8:28. κατʼ ἐπιταγὴν θεοῦ 16:26; 1 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Eph 3:3 (Just., D. 78, 2). οἱ καθʼ ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ Ro 2:7. κατʼ ἐκλογήν 11:5 (Just., D. 49, 1). Cp. κ. τὴν βουλήν Eph 1:11 (Just., A I, 63, 16 al.); 2 Th 2:9; Hb 7:16. κ. τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο; by what shall I know this? (cp. Gen 15:8) Lk 1:18.—Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 219 D.: κ. τοὺς νόμους; Jos., Ant. 1, 259; 278; Just., A I, 54, 1 κατʼ ἐνέργειαν τῶν φαύλων δαιμόνων; Ath. 7, 1 κ. συμπάθειαν τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πνοῆς; 32, 1 κ. χρησμόν). κ. πᾶσαν αἰτίαν for any and every reason (αἰτία 1) Mt 19:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2. Cp. Ro 2:5; 1 Cor 12:8 (κ. τ. πνεῦμα = διὰ τοῦ πν.); Eph 1:5; 4:22b; Phil 4:11; 1 Ti 5:21; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 3:5; κ. ἀνάγκην Phlm 14 (Ar. 1, 2; 4, 2 al.; Just., A I, 30, 1; 61, 10; Ath. 24, 2); IPol 1:3. ὁ κ. τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 Pt 1:3.—καθʼ ὅσον (Thu. 4, 18, 4) in so far as, inasmuch as Hb 3:3. καθʼ ὅσον …, κ. τοσοῦτο in so far as …, just so far (Lysias 31, 8; Galen, De Dignosc. Puls. 3, 2, VIII 892 K.) 7:20, 22.
    ⓑ as a periphrasis to express equality, similarity, or example in accordance with, just as, similar(ly) to (TestJob 32:6 τίς γὰρ κ. σε ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου; Tat. 25, 1 κ. … τὸν Πρωτέα like Proteus; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 50: sheep are not burden-bearers κ. τοὺς ὄνους=as donkeys are).
    α. κ. τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε do not do as they do Mt 23:3. κ. Ἰσαάκ just as Isaac Gal 4:28. κ. θεὸν κτισθείς Eph 4:24 (Synes., Prov. 2, 2 p. 118c κ. θεόν=just as a god). Cp. Col 3:10. κ. τὸν τύπον Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; Mel., P. 58, 424 [νόμον v.l.]). Cp. 5:6 (Ps 109:4); 8:9 (Jer 38: 32); Js 3:9.—κ. τὰ αὐτά in (just) the same way (OGI 56, 66; PEleph 2, 6; 1 Macc 8:27; 12:2; Just., D. 1, 2; 3, 5; 113, 3) Lk 6:23, 26; 17:30; Dg 3:1. On the other hand, the sing. κ. τὸ αὐτό Ac 14:1 means together (marriage contract PEleph 1, 5 [IV B.C.] εἶναι ἡμᾶς κ. ταὐτό; 1 Km 11:11). καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον just as (2 Macc 6:20; 4 Macc 14:17) Ac 15:11; 27:25. καθʼ ὅσον …, οὕτως (just) as …, so Hb 9:27. κ. πάντα τρόπον in every way (PSI 520, 16 [250 B.C.]; PCairZen 631, 2; 3 Macc 3:24) Ro 3:2. κ. μηδένα τρόπον (PMagd 14, 9 [221 B.C.]; PRein 7, 31; 3 Macc 4:13; 4 Macc 4:24; Just., D. 35, 7; s. Reader, Polemo 262) 2 Th 2:3. Cp. Johannessohn, Kasus, 1910, 82. κατά w. acc. serves in general
    β. to indicate the nature, kind, peculiarity or characteristics of a thing (freq. as a periphrasis for the adv.; e.g. Antiochus of Syracuse [V B.C.]: 555 Fgm. 12 Jac. κ. μῖσος=out of hate, filled with hate) κατʼ ἐξουσίαν with authority or power Mk 1:27. κ. συγκυρίαν by chance Lk 10:31. κ. ἄγνοιαν without knowing Ac 3:17 (s. ἄγνοια 2a). κ. ἄνθρωπον 1 Cor 3:3 al. (s. Straub 15; Aeschyl., Th. 425; ἄνθρωπος 2b). κ. κράτος powerfully, Ac 19:20 (κράτος 1a). κ. λόγον reasonably, rightly (Pla.; Polyb. 1, 62, 4; 5; 5, 110, 10; Jos., Ant. 13, 195; PYale 42, 24 [12 Jan., 229 B.C.]) 18:14 (but s. above 5aα). λέγειν τι κ. συγγνώμην οὐ κατʼ ἐπιταγήν say someth. as a concession, not as a command 1 Cor 7:6; cp. 2 Cor 8:8. κ. τάξιν in (an) order(ly manner) 1 Cor 14:40 (τάξις 2). κατʼ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν with eye-service Eph 6:6. μηδὲν κατʼ ἐριθείαν μηδὲ κ. κενοδοξίαν Phil 2:3. κ. ζῆλος zealously 3:6a, unless this pass. belongs under 6 below, in its entirety. κ. σάρκα on the physical plane Ro 8:12f; 2 Cor 1:17; also 5:16ab, if here κ. ς. belongs w. οἴδαμεν or ἐγνώκαμεν (as Bachmann, JWeiss, H-D Wendland, Sickenberger take it; s. 7a below). καθʼ ὑπερβολήν (PTebt 42, 5f [c. 114 B.C.] ἠδικημένος καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπὸ, Ἁρμιύσιος; 4 Macc 3:18) beyond measure, beyond comparison Ro 7:13; 1 Cor 12:31; 2 Cor 4:17. καθʼ ὁμοιότητα (Aristot.; Gen 1:12; Philo, Fug. 51; Tat. 12, 4 κ. τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτῇ) in a similar manner Hb 4:15b. κ. μικρόν in brief B 1:5 (μικρός 1eγ).
    ⑥ denoting relationship to someth., with respect to, in relation to κ. σάρκα w. respect to the flesh, physically of human descent Ro 1:3; 4:1; 9:3, 5 (Ar. 15, 7 κ. σάρκα … κ. ψυχήν; Just., D. 43, 7 ἐν τῷ γένει τῷ κ. σάρκα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ al.). κ. τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον 7:22 (cp. POxy 904, 6 πληγαῖς κατακοπτόμενον κ. τὸ σῶμα). Cp. Ro 1:4; 11:28; Phil 3:5, 6b (for vs. 6a s. 5bβ above); Hb 9:9b. τὰ κ. τινα (Hdt. 7, 148; Diod S 1, 10, 73; Aelian, VH 2, 20; PEleph 13, 3; POxy 120, 14; Tob 10:9; 1 Esdr 9:17; 2 Macc 3:40; 9:3 al.) someone’s case, circumstances Ac 24:22 (cp. PEleph 13, 3 τὰ κ. σε; Just., A I, 61, 13 τὰ κ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν πάντα, D. 102, 2 τὰ κ. αὐτόν; Ath. 24, 4 τὸ κ. τοὺς ἀγγέλους); 25:14; Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. κ. πάντα in all respects (since Thu. 4, 81, 3; Sb 4324, 3; 5761, 22; SIG 834, 7; Gen 24:1; Wsd 19:22; 2 Macc 1:17; 3 Macc 5:42; JosAs 1:7; Just., A II, 4, 4, D. 35, 8 al.); Ac 17:22; Col 3:20, 22a; Hb 2:17 (Artem. 1, 13 αὐτῷ ὅμοιον κ. π.); 4:15a.
    ⑦ Somet. the κατά phrase, which would sound cumbersome in the rendering ‘such-and-such’, ‘in line with’, or ‘in accordance with’, is best rendered as an adj., a possessive pron., or with a genitival construction to express the perspective from which something is perceived or to be understood. In translation it thus functions as
    ⓐ an adj. (Synes., Kingdom 4 p. 4d τὰ κατʼ ἀρετὴν ἔργα i.e. the deeds that are commensurate with that which is exceptional = virtuous deeds; PHib 27, 42 ταῖς κ. σελήνην ἡμέραις; 4 Macc 5:18 κ. ἀλήθειαν=ἀληθής; Just., A I, 2, 1 τοὺς κ. ἀλήθειαν εὐσεβεῖς; Tat. 26, 2 τῆς κ. ἀλήθειαν σοφίας) οἱ κ. φύσιν κλάδοι the natural branches Ro 11:21. ἡ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν διδασκαλία 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Tit 1:1b. οἱ κ. σάρκα κύριοι the earthly masters (in wordplay, anticipating the κύριος who is in the heavens, vs. 9) Eph 6:5. Cp. 2 Cor 5:16b, in case (s. 5bβ above) κ. ς. belongs w. Χριστόν (as the majority, incl. Ltzm., take it): a physical Christ, a Christ in the flesh, in his earthly relationships (σάρξ 5). Correspondingly in vs. 16a κ. ς. would be taken w. οὐδένα: no one simply as a physical being.—JMartyn, JKnox Festschr., ’67, 269–87.
    ⓑ a possessive pron., but with limiting force (Demosth. 2, 27 τὰ καθʼ ὑμᾶς ἐλλείμματα [i.e. in contrast to the activities of others: ‘your own’]; Aelian, VH 2, 42 ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀρετή; 3, 36; OGI 168, 17 παραγεγονότες εἰς τοὺς καθʼ ὑμᾶς τόπους; SIG 646, 6; 807, 15 al.; UPZ 20, 9 [II B.C.] ἐπὶ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς λειτουργίας; PTebt 24, 64; 2 Macc 4:21; Tat. 42, 1 τίς ὁ θεὸς καὶ τίς ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ποίησις; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7 ἡ καθʼ ἡμᾶς φιλοσοφία) τῶν καθʼ ὑμᾶς ποιητῶν τινες some of your (own) poets Ac 17:28. ἡ καθʼ ὑμᾶς πίστις Eph 1:15. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς νόμος Ac 18:15. τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ πρόθυμον my eagerness Ro 1:15.
    ⓒ a gen. w. a noun (Polyb. 3, 113, 1 ἡ κ. τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατολή; 2, 48, 2; 3, 8, 1 al.; Diod S 14, 12 ἡ κ. τὸν τύραννον ὠμότης; Dionys. Hal. 2, 1; SIG 873, 5 τῆς κ. τ. μυστήρια τελετῆς; 569, 22; 783, 20; PTebt 5, 25; PLond III, 1164k, 20 p. 167 [212 A.D.] ὑπὸ τοῦ κ. πατέρα μου ἀνεψιοῦ) τὰ κ. Ἰουδαίους ἔθη the customs of the Judeans Ac 26:3 (Tat. 12, 5 τῇ κ. Βαβυλωνίους προγνωστικῇ; 34, 2 ἡ κ. τὸν Ἀριστόδημον πλαστική). Cp. 27:2. ἡ κ. πίστιν δικαιοσύνη the righteousness of faith Hb 11:7. ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις purpose of election Ro 9:11.—Here also belong the titles of the gospels εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ματθαῖον etc., where κατά is likew. periphrasis for a gen. (cp. JLydus, De Mag. 3, 46 p. 136, 10 Wünsch τῆς κ. Λουκανὸν συγγραφῆς; Herodian 2, 9, 4 of an autobiography ἐν τῷ καθʼ αὑτὸν βίῳ; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 18 τ. καθʼ αὐτὸν ἱστορίαν; 2 Macc 2:13. Cp. B-D-F §163; 224, 2; Zahn, Einleitung §49; BBacon, Why ‘According to Mt’? Exp., 8th ser., 16, 1920, 289–310).—On the periphrasis of the gen. by κατά s. Rudberg (ἀνά beg.) w. many exx. fr. Pla. on. But it occurs as early as Thu. 6, 16, 5 ἐν τῷ κατʼ αὐτοὺς βίῳ.—M-M. DELG. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατά

  • 107 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 108 donec

    dōnĕc, conj. [shortened from ante- and post-class. form dōnĭcum, from old dative doni (dioni; for root, etc., v. dies) and conj. cum; prop. at the time of day when; form donicum, Liv. And., Cato and Plaut. ap. Charis. p. 178 P.; Cato, R. R. 146, 2; 149, 2; 161, 3; Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 19; id. Capt. 2, 2, 89; id. Most. 1. 2, 34; id. Ps. 4, 7, 72; id. Truc. 1, 1, 18; Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 692 P.; Nep. Ham. 1, 4.—In the Inscr. of Orell. 4370 DONIQVIES is i. q. DONIQUE IS, and donique = donicum; so,

    donique,

    Lucr. 2, 1116; 5, 708 Lachm.].—Donec denotes the relation of two actions in time,
    I.
    As contemporaneous, as long as, while, during the time in which; or,
    II.
    As in immediate succession, until, up to the time at which (synonymous with dum, I. B. and II.—in the ante-class. and postAug. periods freq.; four times in Cic. only in signif. II. with indic.; not in Caes.).
    I.
    As long as, while (so perh. not till the Aug. period).
    (α).
    With indic.:

    neque dulces amores Sperne, puer, Donec virenti canities abest,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 17:

    donec gratus eram tibi, etc.... Persarum vigui rege beatior... Donec non alia magis Arsisti, etc.... Romanà vigui clarior Iliā,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 1, and 5; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 53; Liv. 2, 49; 6, 13; Tac. A. 14, 50; id. H. 4, 12; id. Or. 8; 40 al.:

    donec eris felix, multos numerabis amicos,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    (elephanti) nihil sane trepidabant, donec continenti velut ponte agerentur,

    Liv. 21, 28 fin.; Tac. A. 1, 51:

    edixit ne quis militis, donec in castris esset, bona possideret, etc.,

    Liv. 2, 24; 4, 2; 60; 21, 10; 25, 11; Tac. H. 4, 35; id. A. 15, 64 al.
    II.
    Until, till at length (so in all periods).
    (α).
    With indic. (cf. Zumpt, Gr. §

    575): ne quoquam exurgatis, donec a me erit signum datum,

    Plaut. Bacch, 4, 4, 106:

    haud desinam, donec perfecero hoc,

    Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 73; cf. ib. 4, 1, 24:

    neque tamen finis... fiebat, donec populus senatum coëgit, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 87; id. Tull. 6, 14:

    hic regnabitur... donec regina sacerdos geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem,

    Verg. A. 1, 273; id. G. 4, 413 et saep.:

    neque credebam Donec Sosia fecit sibi uti crederem,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 51.—So with perf., Lucr. 2, 1130; Liv. praef. 3, 48; 23, 31; Prop. 1, 9, 29; Verg. E. 6, 85; id. A. 2, 630; Hor. S. 1, 3, 103; id. Ep. 1, 10, 35 et saep.:

    me attrectare nefas, donec me flumine vivo abluero,

    Verg. A. 2, 720:

    socii consurgere tonsis... Donec rostra tenent siccum, etc.,

    id. ib. 10, 301; cf. id. ib. 268; Val. Fl. 8, 290; Liv. 1, 54 fin. —
    (β).
    With subj.:

    Actia pugna refertur, donec alterutrum velox Victoria fronde coronet,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 63.—So in the praes., Quint. 1, 1, 33; Tac. A. 2, 6; id. H. 5, 6; id. G. 1; 20 al.—In the imperf., Verg. A. 11, 860; Sen. Ep. 70; Quint. 11, 3, 6; Tac. H. 1, 13; Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 6:

    trepidationis aliquantum edebant, donec quietem ipse timor fecisset,

    Liv. 21, 28 fin. —So with pluperf., Liv. 45, 7 fin. —
    (γ).
    Ellipt. without a verb:

    neque quisquam hominem conspicatu'st donec in navi super,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 82; cf. in foll. b.
    (γ).
    .—
    b.
    With usque, usque adeo, usque eo, eo usque, in tantum.
    (α).
    With indic.:

    ibo odorans usque donec persecutus volpem ero vestigiis,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 114; id. Rud. 3, 4, 11; Ter. Ad. 4, 6, 6:

    id. aliquoties in die facito usque adeo donec sal desiverit tabescere biduum,

    Cato R. R. 88, 1; so id. ib. § 2; Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 40; Ter. And. 4, 1, 38:

    usque eo timui, ne, etc.... donec ad reiciendos judices venimus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 6 fin.:

    eo usque me vivere vultis, donec haud ambiguum regem mea morte faciam,

    Liv. 40, 8 fin.:

    (humum) in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit,

    Col. 3, 13, 9.—
    (β).
    With subj.:

    usque Sessuri, donec cantor "Vos plaudite" dicat,

    Hor. A. P. 155:

    ni istunc invitassitis Usque adeo, donec, qua domum abeat nesciat, Peristis ambo,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 32:

    nec eo usque trahatur spiritus donec deficiat,

    Quint. 11, 3, 53.—
    (γ).
    Ellipt. without a verb usque illud visumst Pamphilo ne utiquam grave, Donec jam in ipsis nuptiis, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 51; cf. above, a.
    (γ).
    .—
    B.
    With negatives, donec often limits the time within which something is done or to be done, without implying that it is done or to be done after the limit; Engl., till, before, within a certain time:

    moveri vetuisse puerum, donec experrectus sit,

    Liv. 1, 39, 2; Hor. C. 3, 5, 45:

    si respexis, donicum ego te jussero, te dedam, etc.,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 19; id. Most. 1, 2, 35; Tac. A. 2, 82. Cf. Hand, Turs. II. 291-299.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > donec

  • 109 Gratia

    grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].
    I.
    (Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

    pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

    perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

    ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

    Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

    aliquem restituere in gratiam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

    aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

    in gratiam reducere,

    id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

    also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

    alicujus gratiam sequi,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

    si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

    id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

    ab aliquo inire gratiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

    a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

    magnam inire gratiam,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

    quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

    Liv. 33, 46, 7:

    apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

    id. 36, 5, 3:

    at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

    with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

    Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

    cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

    id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

    plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

    Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

    without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

    with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

    omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

    credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

    Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

    gratiā plurimum posse,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

    gratiā valere,

    id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

    inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

    Juv. 13, 4:

    quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

    Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

    L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

    tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

    id. ib. 11, 24:

    non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

    Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

    corporis,

    id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

    quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

    Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

    unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

    charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

    plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    sermonis Attici,

    id. ib. 65;

    12, 10, 35: dicendi,

    id. 9, 3, 74:

    brevitatis novitatisque,

    id. ib. 58:

    omnis bene scriptorum,

    id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

    uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,
    2.
    As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.
    II. A.
    In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

    ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

    gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

    petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

    quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

    hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

    juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

    excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

    alicui delicti gratiam facere,

    to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

    qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

    id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

    also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

    id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

    alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

    to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

    deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

    in gratiam alicujus,

    id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

    also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

    for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

    nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    B.
    In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

    quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

    gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

    immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

    id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

    renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

    dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

    L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

    eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

    id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

    Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

    id. Fam. 1, 10:

    justissimas gratias agere,

    id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

    to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

    magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

    praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

    me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

    if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    gratias habere,

    Liv. 24, 37, 7:

    alicui summas gratias habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

    alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

    Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

    merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

    meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

    Liv. 1, 47, 7:

    gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

    pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

    dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

    hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

    Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

    rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

    to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

    unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

    I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

    discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

    thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

    dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:
    A.
    grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

    lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

    tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

    honoris gratia nomino,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

    simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

    Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

    non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

    hereditatis gratia,

    id. 5, 12, 5:

    quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

    Sall. C. 23, 1:

    profectus gratia dicere,

    Quint. 2, 10, 9:

    brevitatis gratia,

    id. 4, 2, 43:

    decoris gratia,

    id. 8, 6, 65:

    difficultatis gratia,

    id. 9, 2, 77:

    aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

    id. 9, 2, 8:

    praesentis gratia litis,

    id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

    tentandi gratia,

    Sall. J. 47, 2:

    hiemandi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 3:

    colloquendi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 4:

    placandi gratia,

    id. ib. 71, 5:

    simulandi gratia,

    id. ib. 37, 4:

    sui exposcendi gratia,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

    amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

    Quint. 9, 3, 28:

    elevandae invidiae gratia,

    id. 5, 13, 40:

    recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

    id. 11, 1, 79:

    vitandae similitudinis gratia,

    id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

    verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

    exempli gratia,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

    for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

    Quint. 6, 5, 6:

    eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

    propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

    for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

    gratiā decoris,

    Quint. 8 praef. §

    18: compositionis,

    id. 9, 4, 58:

    lenitatis,

    id. 9, 4, 144:

    significationis,

    id. 8, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

    meā gratiā,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

    qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

    abire istac gratia,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

    eā gratiā,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

    sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

    id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

    Sall. J. 54, 4:

    id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 80, 4.—
    B.
    grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

    gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

    si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

    id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

    quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

    into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

    quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

    hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

    gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

    Mart. 14, 175, 2:

    id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    gratis rei publicae servire,

    id. Clu. 26, 71:

    tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

    Mart. 5, 16, 10:

    virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

    is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

    48: habitent gratis in alieno?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

    habitare in aedibus alienis,

    Dig. 39, 5, 9:

    habitationem cui dare,

    free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Gratia

  • 110 gratia

    grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].
    I.
    (Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

    pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

    perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

    ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

    Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

    Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

    deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

    neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

    aliquem restituere in gratiam,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

    aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

    id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

    in gratiam reducere,

    id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

    also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

    to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

    alicujus gratiam sequi,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

    si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

    id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

    ab aliquo inire gratiam,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

    a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

    id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

    magnam inire gratiam,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

    quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

    Liv. 33, 46, 7:

    apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

    id. 36, 5, 3:

    at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

    Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

    with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

    Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

    cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

    id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

    inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

    plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

    Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

    without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

    with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

    omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

    credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

    Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

    gratiā plurimum posse,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

    quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

    id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

    gratiā valere,

    id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

    inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

    Juv. 13, 4:

    quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

    Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

    L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

    tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

    cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

    id. ib. 11, 24:

    non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—
    B.
    Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

    esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

    Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

    corporis,

    id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

    quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

    Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

    unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

    charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

    plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

    Quint. 10, 1, 96:

    sermonis Attici,

    id. ib. 65;

    12, 10, 35: dicendi,

    id. 9, 3, 74:

    brevitatis novitatisque,

    id. ib. 58:

    omnis bene scriptorum,

    id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

    uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

    Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,
    2.
    As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.
    II. A.
    In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

    ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

    gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

    id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

    petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

    quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

    hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

    juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

    excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

    alicui delicti gratiam facere,

    to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

    qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

    id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

    also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

    id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

    alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

    to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

    deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

    id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

    in gratiam alicujus,

    id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

    also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

    for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

    nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

    Juv. 8, 64.—
    B.
    In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

    quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

    gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

    id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

    immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

    id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

    renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

    dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

    L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

    eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

    id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

    Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

    id. Fam. 1, 10:

    justissimas gratias agere,

    id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

    quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

    id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

    nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

    to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

    magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

    id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

    praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

    id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

    ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

    id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

    me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

    if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

    gratias habere,

    Liv. 24, 37, 7:

    alicui summas gratias habere,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

    alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

    Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

    merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

    meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

    Liv. 1, 47, 7:

    gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

    Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

    pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

    dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

    Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

    hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

    Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

    rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

    to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

    unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

    I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

    discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

    thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

    dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:
    A.
    grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

    lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

    tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

    honoris gratia nomino,

    Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

    nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

    simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

    Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

    non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

    Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

    hereditatis gratia,

    id. 5, 12, 5:

    quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

    Sall. C. 23, 1:

    profectus gratia dicere,

    Quint. 2, 10, 9:

    brevitatis gratia,

    id. 4, 2, 43:

    decoris gratia,

    id. 8, 6, 65:

    difficultatis gratia,

    id. 9, 2, 77:

    aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

    id. 9, 2, 8:

    praesentis gratia litis,

    id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

    ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

    tentandi gratia,

    Sall. J. 47, 2:

    hiemandi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 3:

    colloquendi gratia,

    id. ib. 61, 4:

    placandi gratia,

    id. ib. 71, 5:

    simulandi gratia,

    id. ib. 37, 4:

    sui exposcendi gratia,

    Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

    amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

    Quint. 9, 3, 28:

    elevandae invidiae gratia,

    id. 5, 13, 40:

    recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

    id. 11, 1, 79:

    vitandae similitudinis gratia,

    id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

    verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

    Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

    exempli gratia,

    Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

    for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

    Quint. 6, 5, 6:

    eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

    Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

    propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

    for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

    gratiā decoris,

    Quint. 8 praef. §

    18: compositionis,

    id. 9, 4, 58:

    lenitatis,

    id. 9, 4, 144:

    significationis,

    id. 8, 6, 2.—
    (β).
    With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

    meā gratiā,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

    qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

    id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

    abire istac gratia,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

    eā gratiā,

    Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

    sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

    id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

    id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

    Sall. J. 54, 4:

    id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

    id. ib. 80, 4.—
    B.
    grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

    gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

    si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

    id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

    quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

    into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

    quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

    hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

    id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

    gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

    Mart. 14, 175, 2:

    id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

    gratis rei publicae servire,

    id. Clu. 26, 71:

    tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

    Mart. 5, 16, 10:

    virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

    is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

    48: habitent gratis in alieno?

    id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

    habitare in aedibus alienis,

    Dig. 39, 5, 9:

    habitationem cui dare,

    free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gratia

  • 111 cambio de actitud

    (n.) = change in attitude, change of heart
    Ex. If librarians would calmly and publicly and increasingly lay claim to this area as their professional domain, they would gradually bring about the change in attitude that many desire to see.
    Ex. It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.
    * * *
    (n.) = change in attitude, change of heart

    Ex: If librarians would calmly and publicly and increasingly lay claim to this area as their professional domain, they would gradually bring about the change in attitude that many desire to see.

    Ex: It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.

    Spanish-English dictionary > cambio de actitud

  • 112 cambio de idea

    (n.) = change of heart, change of mind
    Ex. It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.
    Ex. The irresistible implication is that the change of mind was the result of political pressure.
    * * *
    (n.) = change of heart, change of mind

    Ex: It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.

    Ex: The irresistible implication is that the change of mind was the result of political pressure.

    Spanish-English dictionary > cambio de idea

  • 113 cambio de opinión

    (n.) = change of heart, change of mind
    Ex. It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.
    Ex. The irresistible implication is that the change of mind was the result of political pressure.
    * * *
    (n.) = change of heart, change of mind

    Ex: It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.

    Ex: The irresistible implication is that the change of mind was the result of political pressure.

    Spanish-English dictionary > cambio de opinión

  • 114 cambio de parecer

    (n.) = change of heart, change of mind
    Ex. It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.
    Ex. The irresistible implication is that the change of mind was the result of political pressure.
    * * *
    (n.) = change of heart, change of mind

    Ex: It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.

    Ex: The irresistible implication is that the change of mind was the result of political pressure.

    Spanish-English dictionary > cambio de parecer

  • 115 desear

    v.
    1 to want.
    ¿qué desea? what can I do for you? (en tienda)
    ¿desea algo más? would you like anything else?, is that everything? (en tienda)
    desearía estar allí I wish I was there
    estoy deseando que llegue I can't wait for her to arrive
    dejar mucho/no dejar nada que desear to leave much/nothing to be desired
    es de desear que las negociaciones terminen pronto a quick end to the negotiations would be desirable
    2 to wish.
    te deseo mucha suerte I wish you the best of luck
    me deseó lo mejor/un buen viaje he wished me all the best/a pleasant journey
    3 to desire (sexualmente).
    Quiero paz I want peace.
    4 to wish to, to ache to, to be longing to, to desire to.
    Quiero estudiar I want to study.
    * * *
    1 (querer) to want
    2 (anhelar) to long for, wish for, desire; (para alguien) to wish
    ■ ¿qué desea? can I help you?, what can I do for you?
    3 (sexualmente) to desire
    \
    dejar mucho/bastante que desear to leave a lot to be desired
    es de desear que it is to be hoped that
    * * *
    verb
    2) want
    * * *
    VT
    1) (=anhelar) to want

    no deseo que le pase nada malo — I wouldn't want o wish anything bad to happen to him

    • dejar bastante o mucho que desear — to leave a lot to be desired

    • estar deseando algo, estaba deseando conocerte — I've been looking forward to meeting you

    estoy deseando que esto termine — I'm really looking forward to this finishing, I can't wait for this to finish

    estoy deseando que lleguen las vacaciones — I'm really looking forward to the holidays, I can't wait for o till the holidays

    • ser de desear, sería de desear que actualizaran su información — it would be desirable for them to update their information

    2) frm
    a) [en peticiones] to wish

    desearía ver al director — I would like o I wish to see the manager

    b) [en preguntas, sugerencias]

    ¿desearía el señor algún postre? — would Sir like a dessert?, do you wish a dessert?

    ¿qué desean beber? — what would you like to drink?

    ¿desea que le hagamos una factura? — do you wish us to make out an invoice?

    ¿qué desea? — can I help you?

    3) [en fórmulas de cortesía] [+ éxito, suerte] to wish
    4) [sexualmente] to want
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) <suerte/éxito> to wish
    2) ( querer)

    lo que más deseo es... — my greatest wish is...

    ¿qué desea? — (frml) can I help you?

    ¿desea el señor algo más? — (frml) would you like anything else, sir?

    desear + inf: el director desea verlo (frml) the director wishes to see you (frml); está deseando verte he's really looking forward to seeing you; desear que + subj: ¿desea que se lo envuelva? (frml) would you like me to wrap it for you?; estoy deseando que llegue el verano I can't wait for summer; estaba deseando que le dijeran que no I was really hoping they'd say no to him; sería de desear que nos avisaran pronto — ideally we would like to know as soon as possible; dejar I 1) a)

    3) < persona> to desire, want
    * * *
    = be keen to, desire, long (for), want, wish, reach out for, crave, lust (for/after/over), yearn, crave for, itch for.
    Ex. Hosts are less keen to standardise, although the EURONET Common Command Language has been adopted by various hosts, and there is some recognition of the potential benefits to the user of greater standardisation.
    Ex. Some types of indexing are appropriate where it is desired to concentrate effort on generating good indexes.
    Ex. After you have chosen a story you long to tell, read it over and over and then analyse it.
    Ex. On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.
    Ex. Step 1 Familiarisation: A searcher must be adequately familiar with that which he wishes to retrieve.
    Ex. If people want regimentation which relieves them of responsibility, how then do you explain parents reaching out for control of schools, disdaining the help of experts.
    Ex. Mayo maintained that workers are motivated by 'togetherness' and crave individual recognition within the group = Mayo mantenía que los trabajadores se motivan por la solidaridad y anhelan el reconocimiento individual dentro del grupo.
    Ex. These two women were Samaria and Jerusalem, lusting after foreigners and foreign ways, and abandoning their god for shallow and ephemeral pleasures.
    Ex. Since time immemorial, people have yearned for an immediate way to capture living moments in a picture.
    Ex. With all of the things that make up our daily grind, we often find ourselves craving for the next getaway, for the next relaxation period.
    Ex. It seems like he's itching for a change but doesn't know exactly the direction or directions to pursue in order to accomplish the change.
    ----
    * dejar bastante que desear = leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.
    * dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.
    * dejar que desear = leave + something + to be desired, leave + a bit to be desired.
    * deseando desesperadamente realizarse = crying to come out.
    * desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.
    * desear ardientemente = gag for.
    * desear fuertemente que Algo desaparezca = will + Nombre + away.
    * desearle a Alguien que tenga un buen día = bid + Nombre + good day.
    * desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.
    * desear suerte = cross + Posesivo + fingers.
    * desear suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + luck.
    * desear vivamente = be eager to.
    * despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.
    * que desee(n) = of + Posesivo + choice, of + Posesivo + choosing.
    * según se desee = at will.
    * si así lo desean = should they so wish.
    * sin desearlo = unwantedly.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) <suerte/éxito> to wish
    2) ( querer)

    lo que más deseo es... — my greatest wish is...

    ¿qué desea? — (frml) can I help you?

    ¿desea el señor algo más? — (frml) would you like anything else, sir?

    desear + inf: el director desea verlo (frml) the director wishes to see you (frml); está deseando verte he's really looking forward to seeing you; desear que + subj: ¿desea que se lo envuelva? (frml) would you like me to wrap it for you?; estoy deseando que llegue el verano I can't wait for summer; estaba deseando que le dijeran que no I was really hoping they'd say no to him; sería de desear que nos avisaran pronto — ideally we would like to know as soon as possible; dejar I 1) a)

    3) < persona> to desire, want
    * * *
    = be keen to, desire, long (for), want, wish, reach out for, crave, lust (for/after/over), yearn, crave for, itch for.

    Ex: Hosts are less keen to standardise, although the EURONET Common Command Language has been adopted by various hosts, and there is some recognition of the potential benefits to the user of greater standardisation.

    Ex: Some types of indexing are appropriate where it is desired to concentrate effort on generating good indexes.
    Ex: After you have chosen a story you long to tell, read it over and over and then analyse it.
    Ex: On other occasions a user wants every document or piece of information on a topic traced, and then high recall must be sought, to the detriment of precision.
    Ex: Step 1 Familiarisation: A searcher must be adequately familiar with that which he wishes to retrieve.
    Ex: If people want regimentation which relieves them of responsibility, how then do you explain parents reaching out for control of schools, disdaining the help of experts.
    Ex: Mayo maintained that workers are motivated by 'togetherness' and crave individual recognition within the group = Mayo mantenía que los trabajadores se motivan por la solidaridad y anhelan el reconocimiento individual dentro del grupo.
    Ex: These two women were Samaria and Jerusalem, lusting after foreigners and foreign ways, and abandoning their god for shallow and ephemeral pleasures.
    Ex: Since time immemorial, people have yearned for an immediate way to capture living moments in a picture.
    Ex: With all of the things that make up our daily grind, we often find ourselves craving for the next getaway, for the next relaxation period.
    Ex: It seems like he's itching for a change but doesn't know exactly the direction or directions to pursue in order to accomplish the change.
    * dejar bastante que desear = leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.
    * dejar mucho que desear = fall (far) short of + ideal, leave + a lot to be desired, leave + much to be desired.
    * dejar que desear = leave + something + to be desired, leave + a bit to be desired.
    * deseando desesperadamente realizarse = crying to come out.
    * desear a Algo o Alguien toda la suerte del mundo = wish + Nombre + every success.
    * desear ardientemente = gag for.
    * desear fuertemente que Algo desaparezca = will + Nombre + away.
    * desearle a Alguien que tenga un buen día = bid + Nombre + good day.
    * desear mucha suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + the (very) best of luck.
    * desear suerte = cross + Posesivo + fingers.
    * desear suerte a Alguien = wish + Nombre + luck.
    * desear vivamente = be eager to.
    * despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.
    * que desee(n) = of + Posesivo + choice, of + Posesivo + choosing.
    * según se desee = at will.
    * si así lo desean = should they so wish.
    * sin desearlo = unwantedly.

    * * *
    desear [A1 ]
    vt
    A ‹suerte/éxito/felicidad› to wish
    llamó para desearme suerte he called to wish me good luck
    te deseo un feliz viaje I hope you have a good trip
    te deseamos mucha felicidad we wish you every happiness
    B
    (querer): no se puede desear un novio mejor you couldn't wish for a better boyfriend
    un embarazo no deseado an unwanted pregnancy
    por fin podrá disfrutar de esas tan deseadas vacaciones at last you can really enjoy those long-awaited holidays
    lo que más deseo es volver a ver a mi hijo my greatest wish is to see my son again
    esa moto que tanto había deseado that motorcycle he had wanted so much o he had so longed for
    ¿qué desea? ( frml); can I help you?, what would you like?
    ¿desea el señor algo más? ( frml); would you like anything else, sir?
    se lo podemos enviar si así lo desea we can send it to you if you (so) wish ( frml)
    desearía una contestación antes del lunes I would o ( BrE frml) should like a reply before Monday
    desear + INF:
    el director desea verlo en su despacho ( frml); the director would like o ( frml) wishes to see you in his office
    ¿desea la señora ver otro modelo? ( frml); would you like me to show you another style, madam?
    desearía expresar mi satisfacción ( frml); I would o ( BrE frml) should like to express my satisfaction
    está deseando verte he's really looking forward to seeing you, he's dying to see you ( colloq)
    desear QUE + SUBJ:
    no deseamos que la situación llegue a tal extremo ( frml); we would not wish the situation to reach that point ( frml)
    ¿desea el señor que se lo envuelva? ( frml); would you like me to wrap it for you, sir?
    desearía que me diera su respuesta esta semana ( frml); I would o ( BrE frml) should like to have your reply this week
    estoy deseando que llegue el verano I can't wait for o I'm longing for summer
    estaba deseando que le dijeran que no I was really hoping they'd say no to him
    dejar mucho que desear to leave a lot to be desired
    su rendimiento deja mucho que desear his performance leaves a lot to be desired
    vérselas y deseárselas to have a hard time (of it)
    C ‹persona› to desire, want
    no desearás a la mujer del prójimo ( Bib) thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife
    * * *

     

    desear ( conjugate desear) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹suerte/éxito/felicidad› to wish;

    2 ( querer):

    las tan deseadas vacaciones the long-awaited holidays;
    lo que más deseo es … my greatest wish is …;
    si tú lo deseas if you want to;
    desearía una respuesta ahora I would like a reply now;
    está deseando verte he's really looking forward to seeing you;
    ¿desea que se lo envuelva? (frml) would you like me to wrap it for you?
    3 ‹ persona› to desire, want
    desear verbo transitivo
    1 (anhelar, querer con intensidad) to desire: estoy deseando verte, I'm looking forward to seeing you
    te deseo lo mejor, I wish you all the best
    (suerte, felicidad, etc) to wish: os deseo unas felices vacaciones, have a good holiday
    2 (sexualmente) to desire, want
    3 frml (querer) to want: ¿desea usted algo, caballero?, can I help you, Sir?
    deseo ver al director, I would like to see the manager
    ♦ Locuciones: deja mucho/bastante que desear, it leaves a lot to be desired
    ' desear' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apetecer
    - dejar
    - esperar
    - rezar
    - soñar
    - suspirar
    - aspirar
    - bastante
    English:
    desire
    - lust
    - want
    - will
    - wish
    * * *
    desear vt
    1. [querer] to want;
    [anhelar] to wish;
    siempre he deseado visitar Australia I've always wanted to go to Australia;
    desearía estar allí I wish I was there;
    por fin, la bici que tanto había deseado at last, the bicycle I'd wanted so much;
    desearía agradecerle su apoyo I would like to thank you for your help;
    si desea mayor información, llame al 900 1234 if you would like more information, please ring 900 1234;
    desearíamos que nos informara sobre su disponibilidad we would be grateful if you could inform us whether or not you would be available;
    en nuestra empresa deseamos ofrecer lo mejor a nuestros clientes in our company we want to offer our clients the best;
    ¿qué desea? [en tienda] what can I do for you?;
    ¿desea algo más? [en tienda] would you like anything else?, is that everything?;
    ¿desea que le enseñe más modelos? [en tienda] would you like me to show you some other models?;
    si lo desea, se lo enviamos a su domicilio if you wish, we will deliver it to your home;
    aquí estamos para lo que desee [a cliente] we are at your entire disposal;
    estar deseando hacer algo to be looking forward to doing sth;
    estaba deseando salir de allí I couldn't wait to get out of there;
    estoy deseando que lleguen las vacaciones I'm really looking forward to the holidays;
    ¿te hace ilusión lo de ir en barco? – ¡estoy deseando! are you looking forward to going by boat? – you bet I am! o am I ever!;
    ser de desear to be desirable;
    es de desear que las negociaciones terminen pronto a quick end to the negotiations would be desirable;
    dejar mucho/no dejar nada que desear to leave much/nothing to be desired
    2. [felicidad, éxito, parabienes] to wish;
    desear algo a alguien to wish sb sth;
    te deseo mucha suerte I wish you the best of luck;
    ¡deséame suerte! wish me luck!;
    me deseó lo mejor/un buen viaje he wished me all the best/a pleasant journey;
    me deseó buenas noches he said goodnight (to me);
    todos deseamos que te mejores pronto we all wish you a speedy recovery
    3. [sexualmente] to desire;
    te deseo, no puedo vivir sin ti I want you, I can't live without you;
    no desearás a la mujer de tu prójimo thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife
    * * *
    v/t
    1 wish for; suerte etc wish
    2
    :
    ¿qué desea? what would you like?;
    ¿desea algo más? would you like anything else?
    * * *
    desear vt
    1) : to wish
    te deseo buena suerte: I wish you good luck
    2) querer: to want, to desire
    * * *
    desear vb
    2. (querer) to want
    estoy deseando irme de vacaciones I can't wait to go on holiday / I'm really looking forward to going on holiday

    Spanish-English dictionary > desear

  • 116 estallar

    v.
    1 to explode (explotar) (bomba).
    si sigo comiendo voy a estallar if I eat any more I'll burst
    La bomba estalló de repente The bomb exploded suddenly.
    2 to break out (sonar) (ovación).
    La epidemia estalló The epidemic broke out.
    3 to break out (guerra, epidemia).
    ha estallado un nuevo escándalo de corrupción a new corruption scandal has erupted
    4 to blow up, to blow one's top (expresarse bruscamente).
    se metieron tanto conmigo que al final estallé they went on at me so much I eventually blew up o blew my top
    estallar en sollozos to burst into tears
    estallar en una carcajada to burst out laughing
    ¡voy a estallar de nervios! I'm so nervous!
    5 to suffer a nervous breakdown, to crumble emotionally, to crack up, to crumble.
    María estalló Mary suffered a nervous breakdown.
    6 to explode all of a sudden, to appear suddenly, to blaze forth, to blaze out.
    7 to explode on.
    Nos estalló una mina A mine exploded on us
    * * *
    1 (reventar) to explode, blow up
    2 (neumático) to burst; (bomba) to explode, go off; (cristal) to shatter
    3 (volcán) to erupt
    4 (látigo) to crack
    5 figurado (rebelión, epidemia) to break out
    6 figurado (pasión, sentimientos) to burst
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VI
    1) (=reventar) [pólvora, globo] to explode; [bomba] to explode, go off; [volcán] to erupt; [neumático] to burst; [vidrio] to shatter; [látigo] to crack

    hacer estallar — to set off; (fig) to spark off, start

    2) [epidemia, guerra, conflicto, sublevación] to break out
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    a) bomba to explode; neumático to blow out, burst; globo to burst; cristal to shatter
    b) guerra/revuelta to break out; tormenta/escándalo/crisis to break

    estallar en algo — <en llanto/carcajadas> to burst into something

    * * *
    = reach + a head, detonate, break out, burst forth, flare, blow up, blow + sky high, blow + a fuse, pop, let off, reach + boiling point, go off.
    Ex. Growing concern reached a head in the mid 1980s when a number of practitioners expressed the view that children's librarianship had lost its way.
    Ex. There has been an explosion in terminology detonated by developments related to XML (eXtensible Markup Language).
    Ex. Loud, unscripted quarrels between unshaven peasants break out in odd corners of the auditorium and add to the liveliness.
    Ex. It seems the passions of the people were only sleeping and burst forth with a terrible fury.
    Ex. The visual manifestation of the recent Hale-Bopp comet reminds us how telling are those rare objects which suddenly flare in the sky.
    Ex. The article 'The library has blown up!' relates the short circuit in the main electrical circuit board of Porstmouth Public Library caused by electricians who were carrying out routine work.
    Ex. This is all that can be done at this point to prevent the current violence from blowing sky-high, destabilising the region, and sending oil prices into the stratosphere.
    Ex. He simply blew a fuse and decided to go out on the road, spitefully apologizing again and again, until he got it right.
    Ex. The azaleas are popping, the redbuds are in their finest attire, and the dogwoods are lacy jewels at the edge of the wood.
    Ex. By this time, firecrackers and fireworks were being let off willy-nilly in the streets by any mug with a match.
    Ex. This hilarious show pranks unsuspecting guests, testing their patience to see just how long before they reach boiling point.
    Ex. My hand looks like a hand grenade went off near it -- all cut up, bruised and with perforations by small bits of flying glass.
    ----
    * estallar a borbotones = splurt out.
    * guerra + estallar = war + break out.
    * hacer estallar = spark, ignite, touch off, blow up, let off.
    * hacer estallar en añicos = blow + sky high.
    * hacer estallar una bomba = bomb.
    * hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.
    * rebelión + estallar = rebellion + break out.
    * * *
    verbo intransitivo
    a) bomba to explode; neumático to blow out, burst; globo to burst; cristal to shatter
    b) guerra/revuelta to break out; tormenta/escándalo/crisis to break

    estallar en algo — <en llanto/carcajadas> to burst into something

    * * *
    = reach + a head, detonate, break out, burst forth, flare, blow up, blow + sky high, blow + a fuse, pop, let off, reach + boiling point, go off.

    Ex: Growing concern reached a head in the mid 1980s when a number of practitioners expressed the view that children's librarianship had lost its way.

    Ex: There has been an explosion in terminology detonated by developments related to XML (eXtensible Markup Language).
    Ex: Loud, unscripted quarrels between unshaven peasants break out in odd corners of the auditorium and add to the liveliness.
    Ex: It seems the passions of the people were only sleeping and burst forth with a terrible fury.
    Ex: The visual manifestation of the recent Hale-Bopp comet reminds us how telling are those rare objects which suddenly flare in the sky.
    Ex: The article 'The library has blown up!' relates the short circuit in the main electrical circuit board of Porstmouth Public Library caused by electricians who were carrying out routine work.
    Ex: This is all that can be done at this point to prevent the current violence from blowing sky-high, destabilising the region, and sending oil prices into the stratosphere.
    Ex: He simply blew a fuse and decided to go out on the road, spitefully apologizing again and again, until he got it right.
    Ex: The azaleas are popping, the redbuds are in their finest attire, and the dogwoods are lacy jewels at the edge of the wood.
    Ex: By this time, firecrackers and fireworks were being let off willy-nilly in the streets by any mug with a match.
    Ex: This hilarious show pranks unsuspecting guests, testing their patience to see just how long before they reach boiling point.
    Ex: My hand looks like a hand grenade went off near it -- all cut up, bruised and with perforations by small bits of flying glass.
    * estallar a borbotones = splurt out.
    * guerra + estallar = war + break out.
    * hacer estallar = spark, ignite, touch off, blow up, let off.
    * hacer estallar en añicos = blow + sky high.
    * hacer estallar una bomba = bomb.
    * hacer estallar un guerra = ignite + war.
    * rebelión + estallar = rebellion + break out.

    * * *
    estallar [A1 ]
    vi
    1 (explotar, reventar) «bomba» to explode; «neumático» to blow out, burst; «globo» to burst; «cristal» to shatter
    la policía hizo estallar el dispositivo police detonated the device
    el vestido le estallaba por las costuras her dress was literally bursting at the seams
    un día de estos voy a estallar one of these days I'm going to blow my top ( colloq)
    2 «guerra/revuelta» to break out; «tormenta» to break; «escándalo/crisis» to break
    el conflicto estalló tras un incidente fronterizo the conflict blew up after a border incident
    3
    «persona»: estallar EN algo: estalló en llanto she burst into tears, she burst out crying
    el público estalló en aplausos the audience burst into applause
    * * *

    estallar ( conjugate estallar) verbo intransitivo

    [ neumático] to blow out, burst;
    [ globo] to burst;
    [ vidrio] to shatter;

    b) [guerra/revuelta] to break out;

    [tormenta/escándalo/crisis] to break

    estallar en algo ‹en llanto/carcajadas› to burst into sth
    estallar verbo intransitivo
    1 (reventar) to burst
    (explotar) to explode, blow up, go off: a José le estalló la televisión, Jose's TV blew up
    estalló el vaso, the glass shattered
    2 (un suceso) to break out
    3 fig (de rabia, etc) to explode
    ' estallar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    blow up
    - break out
    - burst
    - erupt
    - explode
    - flare up
    - let off
    - live
    - start
    - blow
    - break
    - flare
    - go
    - let
    - pop
    - spark
    * * *
    1. [reventar] [bomba] to explode, to go off;
    [misil] to explode; [petardo] to go off; [neumático, globo] to burst; [volcán] to erupt; [cristal] to shatter; [olas] to break, to crash; [botón] to fly off; [cremallera, costura] to burst; [vestido, falda, pantalón] to split;
    hacer estallar un artefacto explosivo to detonate an explosive device;
    si sigo comiendo voy a estallar if I eat any more I'll burst
    2. [sonar] [ovación] to break out;
    [látigo] to crack; [trueno] to crash
    3. [desencadenarse] [guerra, revolución, disturbios, epidemia] to break out;
    [tormenta] to break;
    ha estallado un nuevo escándalo de corrupción a new corruption scandal has erupted
    4. [expresarse bruscamente] to blow up, to blow one's top;
    se metieron tanto conmigo que al final estallé they went on at me so much I eventually blew up o blew my top;
    estallar en aplausos to burst into applause;
    estallar en una carcajada to burst out laughing;
    estallar en llanto o [m5] sollozos to burst into tears;
    ¡voy a estallar de nervios! I'm so nervous!
    * * *
    v/i
    1 explode
    2 de guerra break out; de escándalo break;
    estalló en llanto she burst into tears
    * * *
    1) reventar: to burst, to explode, to erupt
    2) : to break out
    * * *
    1. (explotar) to explode
    2. (romperse) to burst [pt. & pp. burst]
    3. (sobrevenir) to break out [pt. broke; pp. broken]

    Spanish-English dictionary > estallar

  • 117 ofrecer un servicio

    (v.) = operate + service, provide + service, do + service
    Ex. LASER operates an interlending service which is based upon its union catalogue.
    Ex. The Center has developed a regional data base and just started to provide services to members.
    Ex. It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.
    * * *
    (v.) = operate + service, provide + service, do + service

    Ex: LASER operates an interlending service which is based upon its union catalogue.

    Ex: The Center has developed a regional data base and just started to provide services to members.
    Ex: It does not seem to me to be a nine days wonder but a fundamental change of heart that is rejuvenating traditional reference services which have done sterling service over the years.

    Spanish-English dictionary > ofrecer un servicio

  • 118 terrible

    adj.
    1 terrible (tremendo).
    2 terrifying.
    * * *
    1 terrible, awful
    * * *
    adj.
    terrible, horrible
    * * *
    ADJ terrible, awful
    * * *
    a) <tortura/experiencia> terrible, horrific
    b) ( uso hiperbólico) terrible
    * * *
    = formidable, harrowing, dreadful, horrendous, redoubtable, terrible, ghastly, excruciating, appalling, god-awful, shattering.
    Ex. 'It's up to you to see that things are done,' she defended herself, somewhat nervous and abashed by his formidable stare.
    Ex. See Michael R. Booth, 'English Melodrama', for further details of this harrowing tale.
    Ex. The same author also wrote the book 'Serials deselection: a dreadful dilemma'.
    Ex. If we were confronted with the alternatives that Mr. Gorman described this morning, it would have been a horrendous undertaking.
    Ex. The city has returned a majority for every Democratic presidential candidate since 1916, when Woodrow Wilson took 65% of the city's vote against the redoubtable Charles Evans Hughes.
    Ex. She had a distant fleeting vision of a workplace in which people acted like free and sensible human beings, instead of like the martyrized and victimized puppets of a terrible system called 'one-upmanship'.
    Ex. True, ghastly additions were made to XML.
    Ex. Loneliness can involve excruciating physical pain as well as harrowing mental suffering.
    Ex. His article, 'The skeleton in the our closet: public libraries art collections suffer appalling losses,' examines the problem of theft and mutilation of art materials in public libraries.
    Ex. The director and deputies deserve the most recognition because they actually had to give up time with their families for the god-awful places we sent them.
    Ex. The death of Scindia was shattering to all of us who knew him.
    ----
    * Atila el Terrible = Tilly the Hun.
    * jaqueca terrible = splitting headache.
    * Terrible, el = Hun, the.
    * terrible experiencia = ordeal.
    * * *
    a) <tortura/experiencia> terrible, horrific
    b) ( uso hiperbólico) terrible
    * * *
    el Terrible
    = Hun, the

    Ex: Mathilda Panopoulos, known as 'Tilly' to her friends and colleagues but usually styled 'Tilly the Hun' or just 'the Hun' by her detractors, is a native of Pritchard.

    = formidable, harrowing, dreadful, horrendous, redoubtable, terrible, ghastly, excruciating, appalling, god-awful, shattering.

    Ex: 'It's up to you to see that things are done,' she defended herself, somewhat nervous and abashed by his formidable stare.

    Ex: See Michael R. Booth, 'English Melodrama', for further details of this harrowing tale.
    Ex: The same author also wrote the book 'Serials deselection: a dreadful dilemma'.
    Ex: If we were confronted with the alternatives that Mr. Gorman described this morning, it would have been a horrendous undertaking.
    Ex: The city has returned a majority for every Democratic presidential candidate since 1916, when Woodrow Wilson took 65% of the city's vote against the redoubtable Charles Evans Hughes.
    Ex: She had a distant fleeting vision of a workplace in which people acted like free and sensible human beings, instead of like the martyrized and victimized puppets of a terrible system called 'one-upmanship'.
    Ex: True, ghastly additions were made to XML.
    Ex: Loneliness can involve excruciating physical pain as well as harrowing mental suffering.
    Ex: His article, 'The skeleton in the our closet: public libraries art collections suffer appalling losses,' examines the problem of theft and mutilation of art materials in public libraries.
    Ex: The director and deputies deserve the most recognition because they actually had to give up time with their families for the god-awful places we sent them.
    Ex: The death of Scindia was shattering to all of us who knew him.
    * Atila el Terrible = Tilly the Hun.
    * jaqueca terrible = splitting headache.
    * Terrible, el = Hun, the.
    * terrible experiencia = ordeal.

    * * *
    1 ‹tortura/experiencia› terrible, horrific
    tengo un sueño terrible I'm terribly tired
    tenía un terrible dolor de muelas she had terrible toothache
    la máquina hace un ruido terrible the machine makes a terrible o dreadful noise
    este niño es terrible, no para quieto this child is terrible, he won't sit still
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    algo terrible    
    terrible
    terrible adjetivo
    a) ‹tortura/experiencia› terrible, horrific



    terrible adjetivo
    1 (desagradable) terrible, awful
    2 (intensificador) terrible
    3 (travieso) naughty
    ' terrible' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abominable
    - amanecer
    - campeonato
    - canutas
    - condición
    - demonio
    - diabólica
    - diabólico
    - disgusto
    - espanto
    - estado
    - follón
    - hambruna
    - impresionante
    - infumable
    - lamentable
    - lástima
    - maltrecha
    - maltrecho
    - miedosa
    - miedoso
    - pecho
    - pena
    - penosa
    - penoso
    - pésima
    - pésimo
    - rabiosa
    - rabioso
    - secuela
    - susto
    - tener
    - traer
    - tremebunda
    - tremebundo
    - tremenda
    - tremendo
    - triunfo
    - agobiante
    - antología
    - barbaridad
    - bueno
    - cabreo
    - calamidad
    - cochino
    - endiablado
    - enredo
    - espantoso
    - fatal
    - funesto
    English:
    abominable
    - appalling
    - bad
    - blow
    - carry-on
    - damage
    - dispose
    - doom
    - flap
    - lousy
    - ordeal
    - oversight
    - rotten
    - shocking
    - terrible
    - think back
    - dreadful
    - flirt
    - harrowing
    - horrendous
    - job
    * * *
    1. [malo] terrible;
    la guerra es siempre terrible war is always a terrible thing;
    un año terrible para la economía del país a terrible year for the country's economy;
    este niño es terrible this boy is a terror;
    es terrible no poder hacer nada por ellos it's terrible not to be able to do anything for them
    2. [mucho] terrible;
    tengo un hambre/frío terrible I'm terribly hungry/cold
    * * *
    adj terrible, awful
    * * *
    : terrible, horrible
    * * *
    terrible adj terrible / awful

    Spanish-English dictionary > terrible

  • 119 что

    I мест. (рд. чего́, дт. чему́, вн. что, тв. чем, пр. чём)
    1) вопросит. мест. и относит. мест. ( указывает на предмет или ситуацию) what

    что э́то (тако́е)? — what is this?

    что зна́чит э́то сло́во? — what does this word mean?

    он не зна́ет, что э́то зна́чит — he does not know what this means

    что (вы сказа́ли)? — what did you say?

    что е́сли он не придёт? — what if he does not come?

    что де́лать? — what is to be done?

    для чего́ э́то употребля́ется / слу́жит? — what is it (used) for?

    что он из себя́ представля́ет? — what kind of person is he?

    2) (и это, а это) which

    он пришёл по́здно, что бы́ло необы́чно — he came late, which was unusual

    3) ( который) that, which; как дополнение часто опускается

    (та) кни́га, что на столе́ — the book that / which is on the table

    (та) кни́га, что он дал ей — the book (that) he gave her

    э́то всё, что там напи́сано — that is all that is written there

    всё, что он знал — all he knew

    э́то та са́мая кни́га, что он дал ей — this is the very book he gave her

    да́йте ему́ не э́то письмо́, а то, что она́ принесла́ вчера́ — don't give him this letter, but the one she brought yesterday

    4) разг. ( что-нибудь) anything

    е́сли что случи́тся — if anything happens

    5)

    что... что (одно... другое) — this... that; some... other

    что оста́вил, что взял с собо́й — this [some things] he left, that [other things] he took with him

    ••

    что вы! (нет, не верно) — no!, by no means!, far from it!

    что до — as for; with regard to, concerning

    что до него́, он согла́сен — as to / for him, he agrees

    что до меня́ — as for me; as far as I am concerned

    что ему́ до э́того — what does he care for / about it; what does it matter to him

    что ж(е) разг. (ладно) — well; all right; why (not)

    что ж, он сде́лает э́то сам — well [all right], he will do it himself

    что ж(е) из э́того?, ну и что ж(е)? — well, what of that?; so what does it mean?

    (ну и) что ж(е), что... — what does it matter if...

    ну и что ж, что он не умён — what does it matter if he is not too bright

    что за, что... за разг. (при вопросе: какой) — what; (какого рода и т.п.) what kind / sort of; ( при восклицании) what (+ a, an, если данное слово может употребляться с неопределённым артиклем)

    что за кни́ги там?, что там за кни́ги? — what books are those?

    что э́то за де́рево? — what kind of tree is it?

    что и говори́ть вводн. сл. разг. — there is no denying; it has to be admitted; let's face it

    что к чему́ — what is what

    не понима́ть, что к чему́ — not know what is what

    знать, что к чему́ — know the how and why of things; know a thing or two

    что ли разг. — perhaps, may be

    оста́вить э́то здесь, что ли? — shall I perhaps leave it here?

    что ни (при сущ.) — every

    что ни день, пого́да меня́ется — the weather changes every day

    что... ни (при гл.) — whatever

    что он ни ска́жет, интере́сно — whatever he says is interesting

    что бы ни случи́лось — whatever happens

    что по́льзы / про́ку / то́лку разг. — what is the use / sense

    что с ва́ми? — what is the matter with you?

    что тут тако́го? — what's wrong with that?

    в чём де́ло?, что случи́лось? — what is the matter?

    не что ино́е как — nothing other than, nothing less than, nothing short of

    не за что (ответ на благодарность) — not at all; don't mention it; you're welcome

    ни за что — 1) (тж. ни за что на све́те; ни в коем случае) not for anything in the world 2) ( напрасно) for nothing at all

    оста́ться ни при чём — get nothing for one's pains

    с чего́ бы э́то вдруг? — what's the cause?, now, why?

    то, что — what

    он по́мнит то, что она́ сказа́ла — he remembers what she said

    э́то не то, что он ду́мал — it is not what he thought

    э́то не то, чего́ он ожида́л — it is not what he expected

    уйти́ ни с чем — go away empty-handed; get nothing for one's pains

    чего́ бы... не — what... wouldn't

    чего́ бы он не дал за э́то! — what wouldn't he give for that!

    чего́ до́брого разг. — may... for all I know

    он чего́ до́брого опозда́ет — he may be late for all I know

    чего́ сто́ит...! — см. стоить

    чего́ там (+ инф.) разг. — what's the use (of ger)

    чего́ там разгова́ривать — what is the use of talking

    чего́ то́лько... не — what... not

    чего́ то́лько он не ви́дел! — what hasn't he seen!, the things he has seen!; there's precious ['pre-] little he hasn't seen!

    II союз
    1) ( присоединяет придаточное предложение) that; часто не переводится

    он сказа́л, что она́ придёт — he said (that) she would come

    э́то так про́сто, что ка́ждый поймёт — it is so simple that anybody can understand it

    э́то тако́е тру́дное сло́во, что он не мо́жет его́ запо́мнить — it is such a difficult word that he cannot remember it

    то, что — (the fact) that

    то, что он э́то сде́лал, их удиви́ло — (the fact) that he did it surprised them

    он узна́л о том, что она́ уе́хала — he learnt that she had left

    они́ узна́ли [ду́мали, вообража́ли, предполага́ли], что он у́мный челове́к — they knew [thought, imagined, supposed] him to be a clever man

    они́ ожида́ли, что он придёт — they expected him to come

    2)

    что... что (как... так и) — whether... or

    он всегда́ мра́чный - что до́ма, что на рабо́те — he is always gloomy, whether at home or at work

    ••

    потому́... что — см. потому I

    III вопросит. нареч. разг.

    что ты не ложи́шься спать? — why aren't you going to bed?

    что же ты молча́ла? — why didn't you say anything?

    что так? — why so?, why is that?; ( в ответ на отрицание) why not?

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > что

  • 120 что

    1. мест. (рд. чего, дт. чему, вн. что, тв. чем, пр. чём)
    1. (в разн. знач.) what

    он не знает, что это значит — he does not know what this means

    для чего это употребляется, служит? — what is that used for?

    что он, она и т. д. из себя представляет? — what is he, she, etc., like?

    2. (и это, а это) which

    он пришёл поздно, что не было обычно — he came late, which was not usual

    3. (который, -ая и т. д.) that; как дополнение часто опускается (об. разг.)

    (та) книга, что на столе — the book that is on the table

    (та) книга, что он дал ей — the book that he gave her; the book he gave her

    это всё, что там написано — that is all that is written there

    всё, что он знал — all he knew

    тот самый..., что — the same... that

    это та самая книга, что он дал ей — this is the very book that he gave her

    тот, что, та, что и т. п. — that which

    дайте ему не это письмо, а то, что она принесла вчера — do not give him this letter, but the one she brought yesterday

    то, что — what

    он помнит то, что она сказала — he remembers what she said

    это не то, что он думал — it is not what he thought

    это не то, чего он ожидал — it is not what he expected

    4. ( что-нибудь) anything
    5.:

    что... что (одно... другое) — this... that:

    что оставил, что взял с собой — this he left, that he took with him

    6.:

    что за, что... за разг. — (при вопросе: какой) what; (какого рода и т. п.) what kind / sort of; ( при восклицании) what (+ a, an, если данное слово может употребляться с неопред. артиклем)

    что за книги там?, что там за книги? — what are those books over there?

    ♢ что до — with regard to, concerning

    что до него, он согласен — as to / for him, he agrees

    что до меня... — as far as I am concerned...

    что ему и т. д. до этого — what does he, etc., care for / about it; what does it matter to him, etc.

    что ж(е) разг. ( ладно) — why (not)

    что ж, он сделает это см — why, he will do it himself

    ну и что ж(е)? — well, what of that?

    что ли разг. — perhaps

    оставить это здесь, что ли? — perhaps leave it here; leave* it here, eh?

    что ни (при сущ.) — every

    что ни день, погода меняется — the weather changes every day

    что... ни ( при глаголе) — whatever

    что он ни скажет, интересно — whatever he says is interesting

    что пользы, что толку разг. — what is the use / sense

    не что иное как — nothing other than, nothing less than, nothing short of

    хоть бы что — (дт.; безразлично) nothing (to); ( ничего не стоит) make* nothing of (+ subject); (дт.; + инф.) think* nothing (+ subject; of ger.)

    это ему хоть бы что — that is nothing to him; he thinks nothing of that

    чего только не — what... not:

    чего только он не видел! — what hasn't he seen!, the things he has seen!

    чего там (+ инф.) разг. — what's the use (of ger.):

    в чём дело?, что случилось? — what is the matter?

    чего доброго разг. — may... for all I know:

    с чего бы это вдруг? — what's the cause?, now, why?

    что и говорить разг. — there is no denying, it cannot be denied

    не понимать, что к чему — not know* what is what

    знать, что к чему — know* the how and why of things

    уйти ни с чем — go* away empty-handed, или having achieved nothing; get* nothing for one's pains

    2. союз

    он сказал, что она придёт — he said (that) she would come

    это так просто, что каждый поймёт — it is so simple that anybody can understand it

    это такое трудное слово, что он не может его запомнить — it is such a difficult word that he cannot remember it

    то, что — (the fact) that

    то, что он это сделал, их удивило — (the fact) that he did it surprised them

    он узнал о том, что она уехала — he learnt that she had left

    они узнали, думали, воображали, предполагали и т. п., что он умный человек — they knew, thought, imagined, supposed, etc., him to be a clever man*

    они ожидали, что он придёт — they expected him to come

    потому... что см. потому I

    3. нареч. (почему)
    why

    Русско-английский словарь Смирнитского > что

Страницы

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