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1 ἔργον
ἔργον, ου, τό (Hom.+) work.① that which displays itself in activity of any kind, deed, actionⓐ in contrast to rest Hb 4:3, 4 (Gen 2:2), 10. In contrast to word: freq. used to describe people of exceptional merit, esp. benefactors (X., Hier. 7, 2, Cyr. 6, 4, 5; Cebes 2, 2 λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ Πυθαγόρειος; Lucian, Tox. 35. Oft. in Epict.; GDI 5039, 20 [Crete] οὔτε λόγῳ οὔτε ἔργῳ; Sir 3:8; 16:12; 4 Macc 5:38; En 14:22 πᾶς λόγος αὐτοῦ ἔργον; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 26 [Stone p. 20] ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ; Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 220, C. Ap. 2, 12; Larfeld I 497f) δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ mighty in word and deed Lk 24:19; cp. Ac 7:22; ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔ. in word and deed Col 3:17; cp. Ro 15:18; 2 Cor 10:11; 2 Th 2:17; Tit 1:16a; 1J 3:18; 2 Cl 17:7, also 4:3. A similar contrast betw. the ποιητὴς ἔργου doer who acts and the forgetful hearer Js 1:25, and betw. ἔργα and a πίστις that amounts to nothing more than a verbal statement 2:14–26 (s. JRopes, Exp. 7th ser., 5, 1908, 547–56 and his comm. 1916 ad loc.; HPreisker, ThBl 4, 1925, 16f; ETobac, RHE 22, 1926, 797–805; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 86ff; ASchlatter, D. Brief des Jak. ’32, 184–207).ⓑ manifestation, practical proof τὸ ἔ. τῆς πίστεως 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:11. ἔ. διακονίας Eph 4:12. τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον τῆς προσευχῆς AcPl Ha 4, 27. τὸ ἔ. τοῦ νόμου acting in accordance with the law Ro 2:15 (perh. also the bringing of the law into effect, as Polyaenus 1, 19 τοῦ λογίου τὸ ἔργον=realization or fulfilment of the oracular response). ἡ ὑπομονὴ ἔ. τέλειον ἐχέτω let endurance show itself perfectly in practice Js 1:4.ⓒ deed, accomplishmentα. of the deeds of God and Jesus, specif. miracles (Epict. 3, 5, 10 ἰδεῖν ἔργα τὰ σά [=τοῦ θεοῦ]; Ael. Aristid. 50, 17 K.=26 p. 506 D.: ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ θαυμαστόν; Quint. Smyrn. 9, 481 ἔργον ἀθανάτων of the healing of Philoctetes; Josh 24:29; Ps 45:9; 65:5; 85:8; JosAs 9:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 378 τ. ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ, C. Ap. 2, 192) Mt 11:2; J 5:20, 36; 7:3, 21 (Diod S 5, 33, 5 ἓν ἔργον=just one practice); 9:3; 10:25, 37f; 14:10, 11, 12; 15:24; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 15:18 v.l.; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 15:3. On Mt 11:19 s. δικαιόω 2bα.β. of the deeds of humans, exhibiting a consistent moral character, referred to collectively as τὰ ἔργα (Ps 105:35; Job 11:11; Jon 3:10) J 3:20 f; 7:7; Js 3:13; 1J 3:12; Rv 2:2, 19; 3:1, 8, 15. σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τὰ ἔ. Qua. τὰ πρῶτα ἔ. Rv 2:5. πάντα τὰ ἔργα (Am 8:7; Mi 6:16) Mt 23:5. κατὰ τὰ ἔργα in accordance w. the deeds (Ps 27:4; 61:13; Pr 24:12; En 100:7; PsSol 2:16) Mt 23:3; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 1:9; 4:14; Rv 2:23; 20:12f. Also κατὰ τὸ ἔργον 1 Pt 1:17. The collective τὸ ἔργον is used for the pl. (Sir 11:20) Gal 6:4; Hb 6:10; Rv 22:12. The ἔργον or ἔργα is (are) characterized by the context as good or bad Lk 11:48; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 11:15; 2 Ti 4:14; Js 2:25; 3J 10; Rv 14:13; 16:11; 18:6 (since in all these passages except Rv 14:13 ἔ. refers to something bad, it is well to point out that ἔργον when used alone also means an evil or disgraceful deed, e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 22 §83 ἔργον οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἀπῆν=they abstained from no shameful deed; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 476; 742; Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 4). Or they are characterized by an added word: ἔ. ἀγαθόν Ro 2:7; 13:3; 2 Cor 9:8; Phil 1:6; Col 1:10; 1 Ti 5:10; 2 Ti 2:21; 3:17; Tit 1:16b; 3:1; Hb 13:21 v.l. Pl. Eph 2:10 (misunderstood by JSanders, Ethics in the NT, ’75, 78; cp. Phil 1:6); 1 Ti 2:10. πλήρης ἔργων ἀγαθῶν rich in good deeds Ac 9:36. ἔ. καλόν Mt 26:10; Mk 14:6; J 10:33. Pl. (GrBar 15:2; Dio Chrys. 3, 52) Mt 5:16; J 10:32; 1 Ti 5:10a, 25; 6:18; Tit 2:7, 14; 3:8, 14, Hb 10:24; 1 Pt 2:12 (WvanUnnik, NTS 1, ’54/55, 92–110; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1); 2 Pt 1:10 v.l.; 2 Cl 12:4. ἔργα ὅσια, δίκαια 6:9. ἔ. δικαιοσύνης B 1:6 (PsSol 18:8). ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ righteous deeds Tit 3:5. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ θεοῦ the deeds that God desires (Jer 31:10; 1 Esdr 7:9, 15) J 6:28; cp. vs. 29. τὰ ἔ. μου (i.e. Χριστοῦ) Rv 2:26. ἔργα πεπληρωμένα ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ 3:2. ἔ. ἄξια τ. μετανοίας Ac 26:20. ἔ. τῆς πίστεως the deeds that go with faith Hs 8, 9, 1. ἔ. αἰώνιον an imperishable deed IPol 8:1. τὰ. ἔ. τοῦ Ἀβραάμ deeds like Abraham’s J 8:39. τὰ ἔ. τ. πέμψαντός με 9:4.—ἔργα πονηρά evil deeds (1 Esdr 8:83; En 98:6; Tat. 23:2) Col 1:21; 2J 11; cp. J 3:19; 7:7; 1J 3:12 and ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔ. πονηροῦ 2 Ti 4:18. Also ἔ. τῆς πονηρᾶς ὁδοῦ B 4:10. νεκρά dead works, i.e. those that lead to death Hb 6:1; 9:14. ἄκαρπα unfruitful actions Eph 5:11. ἄνομα lawless deeds 2 Pt 2:8. Also ἔ. τῆς ἀνομίας B 4:1; Hs 8, 10, 3. ἔργα ἀσεβείας impious deeds Jd 15 (ἀσεβῆ ἔ. Just., A I, 23, 3). τοῦ σκότους deeds of darkness (i.e. unbelief) Ro 13:12; cp. Eph 5:11. ἔ. τῆς σαρκός deeds that originate in the flesh (i.e. sin) Gal 5:19. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν deeds such as your father (the devil) commits J 8:41. τῶν Νικολαϊτῶν Rv 2:6.—κρύφια, φανερὰ ἔ. secret, open deeds 2 Cl 16:3. Freq. in Paul ἔργα νόμου deeds that the law commands you to do Ro 3:20, 28; cp. 27; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10 (cp. 4Q MMT 3, 27 [=A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. REisenman/JRobinson, I ’91, xxxi, fig. 8, c line 29]; MAbegg, Paul, ‘Works of the Law’ and MMT: Bar 20/6, ’94, 52–55; JDunn, NTS 43, ’97, 147–53). Also simply ἔργα, w. the same meaning Ro 4:2, 6; 9:12, 32; 11:6; Eph 2:9; s. ELohmeyer, ZNW 28, 1929, 177–207.—S. δικαιοσύνη 3 end.② that which one does as regular activity, work, occupation, task (cp. Aristoph., Av. 862; X., Mem. 2, 10, 6; Arrian, Anab. 5, 23, 1; Epict. 1, 16, 21; Sir 11:20; TestSol 1:2 al.; Just., A II, 3, 5 βασιλικόν) w. gen. of the one who assigns the task τοῦ κυρίου 1 Cor 15:58; 16:10; Phil 2:30. διδόναι τινὶ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ assign his task to someone Mk 13:34; πληροῦν ἔ. accomplish a task Ac 14:26. τ. ἔ. τελειοῦν finish the work (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69, 2 τ. οἰκοδομῆς τ. πολλὰ εἰργάσατο, οὐ μὴν ἐτελείωσε τὸ ἔργον; 2 Esdr 16:3, 16) J 17:4; cp. 4:34. ἡ κυρίου τοῦ ἔργου shop superintendent GJs 2:2 (s. deStrycker ad loc.) Of the task and work of the apostles Ac 13:2; 15:38. οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο those who were entrusted by God with so important a duty 1 Cl 43:1. καρπὸς ἔργου fruit of work Phil 1:22. To love someone διὰ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ because of what the person has done 1 Th 5:13. Of an office 1 Ti 3:1 (4 is also poss.). ἔ. ποιεῖν εὐαγγελιστοῦ do the work of an evangelist 2 Ti 4:5.—ἔ. συγγενικὸν ἀπαρτίζειν accomplish a proper, natural task IEph 1:1.③ that which is brought into being by work, product, undertaking, work (Hom. et al.; Gen 2:2; 3 Km 7:15, 19; Jer 10:3; 1 Esdr 5:44; TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 11 [Stone p. 34] εἴ τινος κατακαύσει τὸ πὺρ; Just., D. 88, 8; Mel., P. 36, 244) work in the passive sense. W. special ref. to buildings (Aristoph., Av. 1125; Polyb. 5, 3, 6; Diod S 1, 31, 9; Appian, Mithrid. 30 §119; Arrian, Anab. 6, 18, 2; Dionys. Byz. §27; IG IV2/1, 106, 56; 114, 31 al.; PPetr III, 43 [2] I, 2 [III B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔργα=for the buildings al.; 1 Macc 10:11; SibOr 4, 59; EPeterson, Biblica 22, ’41, 439–41) 1 Cor 3:13, 14, 15. Perh. a building is also meant in 1 Cor 9:1 and Ro 14:20 (s. καταλύω 2b). γῆ κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔ. 2 Pt 3:10 (FDanker, ZNW 53, ’62, 82–86, would read καὶ γῇ κατὰ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα). Images of deities as ἔργα ἀνθρώπων 2 Cl 1:6 (Herodas 4, 26 ἔργα καλά of works of sculpture; Ath. 17:3f); sim. in the formulation ἔργον χειρός (cp. En 98:5; ApcEsdr 1:10; Herodas 7, 2f τῶν σῶν … χειρέων νοῆρες ἔργον; Epict. 3, 7, 24 τὰ χειρὸς ἔργα; Jos., Bell. 3, 268 of courageous deeds χειρῶν ἔργα; cp. Just., D. 23, 5 of circumcision not as ἔργον δικαιοσύνης) τὸ ἔ. τῶν χειρῶν τινος the work of someone’s hands=what someone has made Ac 7:41; Rv 9:20 (cp. Is 17:8; Just., A I, 20, 5 al.). Of the world as created by God (Celsus 4, 99) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; Ar 4:24 al.); 2:7 v.l.; B 5:10; 15:3. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ διαβόλου the devil’s undertakings or enterprises (Arrian, Anab. 1, 11, 7 Τρωικὸν ἔ.=the Trojan undertaking, of the Trojan War) 1J 3:8. τὰ ἔργα τῆς θηλείας the works of the female (w. ref. to sensual desire like Horapollo 1, 11 p. 18 θηλείας ἔργον and Longus 4, 19, 5 ἔργα γυναικῶν) GEg 252, 56. Of adultery Rv 2:22.④ someth. having to do with someth. under discussion, thing, matter (Hom. et al.) Ac 5:38. κρεῖττον IRo 2:1 (cp. GrBar 5:3 μείζονα τούτων ἔργα). ἔ. εὐφροσύνης a joyful thing B 10:11; οὐ πεισμονῆς τὸ ἔ. not a matter of persuasion IRo 3:3. οὐ νῦν ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἔ. it is not a matter of what we now profess IEph 14:2. Perh. also 1 Ti 3:1 (s. 2 above).—JKleist, ‘Ergon’ in the Gospels: CBQ 6, ’44, 61–68. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
2 προτίθημι
Aπροτιθεῖ Hdt.1.133
, [ per.] 3pl.προτιθεῖσι Id.7.197
), [tense] fut.- θήσω Th.3.67
: [tense] aor.προὔθηκα Il.24.409
, etc. (for προθέουσι v. προθέω (B)):—[voice] Med. (v. infr.):—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 1 , Pl.Phd. 90b, etc.; but [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [voice] Pass. are usu. supplied by πρόκειμαι:—set before, set out, esp. of meals, τραπέζας νίζον καὶ πρότιθεν ([dialect] Ep. for προὐτίθεσαν) Od.1.112; ;τούτοισι προθεῖναι δαῖτα Hdt.1.207
, cf. S.Aj. 1294, Ant. 775, Ph. 274, etc.;ξείνια στρατῷ Hdt.7.29
:—[voice] Med., set before oneself, have set before one,δαῖτα Id.1.133
, 4.26;κλίνας καὶ τραπέζας Plu.2.99e
; also προτίθεσθαί τισι ἄριστον cause it to be set before them, Chionid.7.b π. τινὰ κυσίν throw him to the dogs, Il.24.409; τινὰ θηρσὶν ἁρπαγὴν π. E. El. 896.2 expose a child, Hdt.1.112;π. τινὰ ἔρημον S.Ph. 268
:—[voice] Pass.,ὁ θανάτῳ προτεθείς E.Ph. 803
(lyr.).3 set up, institute, propose, esp. of contests,ἅμιλλαν λόγων E.Med. 546
;λόγων τοὺς ἀγῶνας Th.3.67
;εἰ πονηρίας ἀγὼν προτεθείη Pl.Phd. 90b
; ἄπορον αἵρεσιν offer a choice, Id.Tht. 196c (but alsoπροτίθεσθαί τινι αἵρεσιν Id.Lg. 858a
);π. νόμον E. Hipp. 1046
.b set up as a mark or prize,στέφανόν τισι τῶν ἀγώνων Th.2.46
;σκοπὸν κάλλιστον ἐν τῷ ζῆν Plb.7.8.9
:—[voice] Pass.,προὐτέθην ἐγὼ ἆθλον.. δορός E.Hel.42
.4 fix, set, ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα οὖρον τῆς ζόης ἀνθρώπῳ π. Id.1.32:—[voice] Med.; οὖρον π. ἐνιαυτόν ib.74.5 appoint as a task or duty, ;νεωτέρῳ τοῦτο βαστάζειν πρόθες Id.Ant. 216
; δμῳαῖς π. πένθος οἰκεῖον στένειν ib. 1249, cf. Hdt. 9.94:—[voice] Med., propose to oneself as a task or object,ὅπερ προὐθέμεθα σκέψασθαι Pl.Phdr. 259e
, R. 352d, cf. Sph. 221a, Tht. 169c;π. ψέγειν αὐτὸ ἢ ἐπαινεῖν Id.Lg. 638c
, cf. Arist.EN 1142b19 (dub.), Hipparch. 1.1.6, Luc.Nec.19.b [voice] Med., c. [tense] fut. inf., propose to oneself, intend,προτεθειμένου κατοικήσειν ἐνταῦθα Syr.D. 13.256
(Seleucia in Pieria, ii B.C.).6 [voice] Med., also, put forth on one's own part, display, show, ;ἀνδραγαθίαν Th.3.64
;ἔχθραν Id.8.85
.7 [voice] Med., θνητοὺς ἐν οἴκτῳ προθέμενος setting before oneself in pity, feeling compassion for, A.Pr. 241.8 advance money, IPE12.32B30,63 (Olbia, iii B.C.);τὸ διδόμενον ἆθλον ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου αὐτὸς προέθηκεν ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου IG12(9).234.18
(Eretria, i B.C.); (Istropolis, ii B.C.).II π. νεκρόν lay out a dead body, let it lie in state, Hdt.5.8:—[voice] Med., E.Alc. 664, Supp.53 (lyr.), Ar.Lys. 611, Th.2.34, Lys.12.18, etc.;ποτήρια χρύσεα προθεῖτο Hdt.3.148
.3 display a public notice,τὸ λεύκωμα πρὸ τοῦ ναοῦ IG9(2).1109.35
(Coropa, ii B.C.);ἐπ' αὐτῆς τῆς οἰκίας π. ἐν λευκώματι UPZ 106.20
(ii B.C.); (Egypt, i A.D.), cf. POxy.2108.8 ([voice] Pass., iii A.D.); notify publicly,τοὺς [προέδρους] προτιθέναι περὶ ὧν δεῖ βουλεύεσθαι IG42(1).68.80
(Epid., iv B.C.); περὶ ὧν.. οἱ ἄρχοντες προτίθεισι Ἀρχ.Δελτ.9 παρ.53 ([place name] Eresus), cf. IG 12(2).526a21 (ibid., iv B.C.), 645b35 (Nesus, iv B.C.); τὰς πράξεις (exactions).. τῶν προτιθεμένων ([voice] Pass.)κατὰ τὰς ἐγγραφάς Arist.Pol. 1321b42
; call a case for trial by means of a public notice, (ii B.C.); οἱ προτεθέντες ἐπ' ἐμὲ καὶ μὴ ὑπακούσαντες ἴστωσαν ὅτι .. PHamb.29.6 (i A.D.); advertise for sale or other purpose, BGU 992 i 7 ([voice] Pass., ii B.C.), PLips.64.44 (iv A.D.), etc.; τοῖς συλλημψομένοις ὑμῖν γέρα προτιθέντα advertising rewards to those of you who apprehend (robbers), POxy.1408.16 (iii A.D.).4 propose, bring forward a thing to be examined and debated, also give an opportunity for debate, voting,ἐς μέσον σφι π. πρῆγμα Hdt.1.206
;π. τὸν λόγον Id.8.59
;γνώμας σφίσιν αὐτοῖς Th. 1.139
; π. λόγον (sc. εἰς ἐκκλησίαν) Aeschin.2.65;λόγον περί τινος X.Mem.4.2.3
; γνώμας π. αὖθις Ἀθηναίοις, of the Prytanes, Th.6.14, cf. 3.36; π. τὴν διαγνώμην αὖθις περὶ Μυτιληναίων ib.42, cf. Isoc.8.15; π. βουλὴν εἴτε.. εἴτε .. D.H.6.15;τὸν ἐπιμήνιον, ἢν μὴ προθῇ, ἑκατὸν στατῆρας ὀφείλειν SIG58.10
(Milet., v B.C.), cf. 141.12 (Corc. Nigra, iv B.C.), 167.13 (Mylasa, iv B.C.), al.; προθεῖναι αὖθις περὶ Μυτιληναίων λέγειν propose a discussion about.., Th.3.38; , etc.; π. αὐτοῖς κρίσιν appoint a trial for them, Lys.27.8;π. αὐτοῖς ἀγορὰν δικῶν Luc.
Bis Acc.4; προέθηκε.. λέγειν τὰ ἑκατέροισι.. κατέργασται has proposed (or initiated) a recital of what each has done, Hdt.9.27: c. dat. pers. et inf., Id.3.38: c. acc. et inf.,π. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι τὸν βουλόμενον Id.8.49
:—[voice] Med.,ἤν τις προθῆται ψῆφον, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι τὸν νόμον τοῦτον SIG45.33
(Halic., v B.C.):—[voice] Pass., οὐ προὐτέθη σφίσι λόγος speech was not allowed them, X.HG1.7.5; .IV put before or first, προτιθέντι ἀνάγκη.. λέγειν, opp. ἐπιλέγοντι, Arist.Rh. 1394a15, cf. b28;π. τοῦ λόγου προοίμιον Pl. Lg. 723c
; set down first in writing, προθεὶς ἄρχοντα Νικόμαχόν φησιν οὕτως· ἐπὶ τούτου κτλ." Did. in D.1.19, cf. 8.17, al., Gal.19.183:— [voice] Med., put in front,τοὺς γροσφομάχους Plb.1.33.9
; premise,λόγον Id.3.118.11
;τὰς προειρημένας αἰτίας Id.4.25.6
:—[voice] Pass.,τὸ μὴ καὶ τὸ οὒ προτιθέμενα τῶν ἐπιόντων ὀνομάτων Pl.Sph. 257c
: metaph., Th.2.42.3 prefer one to another,τί τινος Hdt.3.53
, E.Med. 963;ἡδονὴν ἀντὶ τοῦ καλοῦ Id.Hipp. 382
:—[voice] Med., .Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προτίθημι
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3 πρᾶγμα
πρᾶγμα, ατος, τό (πράσσω; Pind., Hdt.+) gener. ‘someth. that one is engaged in’.① that which is done or happens, deed, thing, event, occurrence, matter (Jos., Ant. 16, 376; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 9, 5; Just., D. 23, 4) περὶ τῶν πεπληροφορημένων πραγμάτων concerning events that have taken place Lk 1:1 (cp. Jos., Vi. 40 τ. ἱστορίαν τ. πραγμάτων τούτων ἀναγράφειν, C. Ap. 1, 47). τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο this deed Ac 5:4. ἁγνοὶ τῷ πράγματι guiltless in the matter under discussion 2 Cor 7:11. διὰ δύο πραγμάτων ἀμεταθέτων through two unchangeable things (i.e. the promise and the oath) Hb 6:18.② that which is to be done, undertaking, occupation, task (Appian, Mithrid. 103 §477 μεγάλα πράγματα=great undertakings; Lucian, Nav. 41; Eccl 3:1; TestJob 6:3 περὶ πράγματος ἀναγκαίου) βιωτικὰ πράγματα tasks of everyday life Hv 3, 11, 3; m 5, 2, 2. ἐν ᾧ ἂν ὑμῶν χρῄζῃ πράγματι in whatever undertaking she may need you Ro 16:2. πλεονεκτεῖν ἐν τῷ πράγματι τὸν ἀδελφόν 1 Th 4:6 (but s. 3 below). ἄξιον πρᾶγμα a task that is worthy ISm 11:3.③ matter or concern of any kind, thing, matter, affair (Fgm. Iamb. Adesp. 12 Diehl οὐκ ἔστʼ ἐμὸν τὸ πρ.; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 53; 16 [33], 36; 19 [36], 18; Ath. 15, 1 δύο ὀνόματα καθʼ ἑνὸς πράγματος) περὶ παντὸς πράγματος about anything at all Mt 18:19. Cp. Hb 10:1; 11:1 (RTaylor, ET 52, ’40/41, 256–59: ‘affair’); Hv 3, 4, 1; m 9:10; 10, 2, 3; Hs 5, 6, 6; 9, 29, 2. Pl. Hv 3, 3, 1; 4, 1, 4; 4, 3, 1. μέγα π. something great Hv 3, 2, 4; cp. Hs 9, 2, 5; ἔνδοξα π. Hv 4, 1, 4; πονηρὸν π. an evil thing 1, 1, 8; Hs 5, 1, 5; 7:5; πᾶν φαῦλον π. every evil thing, everything that is evil Js 3:16. περιγίνεσθαι τοῦ π. master the thing Hv 1, 3, 2. τὰ πρ. relationships, ways, circumstances (Diod S 14, 97, 3; 19, 50, 2; 19, 52, 1; 6; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 3 §12; Artem. 4, 27; Jos., Bell. 4, 318) ἐν παλαιοῖς π. ἀναστραφῆναι live in old, obsolete ways IMg 9:1. Also w. an unfavorable connotation difficulties, troubles (Soph., Aj. 314; X., An. 2, 1, 16; 7, 6, 24, Mem. 2, 7, 2; Socrat., Ep. 3; Diod S 13, 12, 1; 13, 97, 6; Jos., Ant. 13, 7; Just., A II, 4, 1) 1 Cl 1:1 (s. ἐπιζητέω 1c).—Cp. IMg 5:1; Hv 1, 2, 4.—Prob. as euphemism= (illicit sexual) affair 1 Th 4:6 (cp. Aeschin. 1, 132), but s. 4.④ a matter of contention, dispute, lawsuit (X., Mem. 2, 9, 1 al.; Polyaenus 6, 36; Cyr.-Ins. 54; 67; 123. Oft. pap; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 177) πρᾶγμα ἔχειν πρός τινα have a lawsuit with someone (POxy 743, 19 [I B.C.]; 706, 4; BGU 22, 9) 1 Cor 6:1 (LVischer, Die Auslegungsgeschichte von 1 Cor 6:1–11, ’55). Perh. legal process 1 Th 4:6 (cp. Ps.-Clemens, Hom. 10, 1).—B. 634. DELG s.v. πράσσω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
4 συναναθλήσας
συναναθλήσᾱς, συναναθλέωjoin in accomplishing a task: aor part act masc nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic) -
5 ἄεθλος
1 contestἀέθλων γἕνεκεν O. 1.99
ὦ Κρόνιε παῖ Ῥέας, ἕδος Ὀλύμπου νέμων ἀέθλων τε κορυφάν O. 2.13
νέοις ἐν ἀέθλοις O. 2.43
μνᾶμα τῶν Οὐλυμπίᾳ κάλλιστον ἀέθλων O. 3.15
μεγάλων ἀέθλων ἁγνὰν κρίσιν O. 3.21
τεαὶ γὰρ ὧραι μ' ἔπεμψαν μάρτυῤ ἀέθλων O. 4.3
ὑπὸ βουθυσίαις ἀέθλων τε πεμπαμέροις ἁμίλλαις O. 5.6
τεθμόν τε μέγιστον ἀέθλων O. 6.69
μοῖράν τ' ἀέθλων O. 6.79
μᾶτερ ὦ χρυσοστεφάνων ἀέθλων Οὐλυμπία O. 8.1
ἐξ ἱερῶν ἀέθλων μέλλοντα ποθεινοτάταν δόξαν φέρειν O. 8.64
ἱεροῖς ἐν ἀέθλοις O. 13.15
ἐστεφάνωσε κυδίμων ἀέθλων πτεροῖσι χαίταν O. 14.24
ἀέθλων Πυθίων P. 3.73
γυίων ἀέθλοις ἐπεδείξαντο κρίσιν P. 4.253
ἐξ ἀγλαῶν ἀέθλων P. 5.53
νικαφόροις ἐν ἀέθλοις P. 8.26
καλλίσταν πόλιν ἀμφέπει κλεινάν τ' ἀέθλοις P. 9.70
ἐν Ὀλυμπίοισί τε καὶ βαθυκόλπου Γᾶς ἀέθλοις ἔν τε καὶ πᾶσιν ἐπιχωρίοις P. 9.102
σὺν δ' ἀέθλοιςἐκέλευσεν διακρῖναι ποδῶν P. 9.115
γεύεται γὰρ ἀέθλων P. 10.7
μεγάλων δ' ἀέθλων Μοῖσα μεμνᾶσθαι φιλεῖ N. 1.11
ὅσσα δ' ἀμφ ἀέθλοις, Τιμοδημίδαι ἐξοχώτατοι προλέγονται N. 2.17
τέσσαρας ἐξ ἀέθλων νίκας ἐκόμιξαν N. 2.19
ἀεξιγυίων ἀέθλων κάρυξ ἑτοῖμος ἔβαν N. 4.73
Νεμέας ἐξ ἐράτων ἀέθλων N. 6.12
ἀγών τοι χάλκεος δᾶμον ὀτρύνει ποτὶ βουθυσίαν Ἥρας ἀέθλων τε κρίσιν (i. e. the Hekatombaia at Argos.) N. 10.23ἐν Πυθῶνι πειρᾶσθαι καὶ Ὀλυμπίᾳ ἀέθλων. N. 11.23
ἐπεὶ στεφάνους ἓξ ὤπασεν Κάδμου στρατῷ ἐξ ἀέθλων (sc. Ἰσθμός.) I. 1.11 ὃς δ' ἀμφ ἀέθλοις ἢ πολεμίζων ἄρηται κῦδος ἁβρόν, I. 1.50εὐτυχήσαις ἢ σὺν εὐδόξοις ἀέθλοις ἢ σθένει πλούτου I. 3.1
ἔν τ' Ἀδραστείοις ἀέθλοις Σικυῶνος I. 4.26
καὶ δεύτερον ἆμαρ ἐτείων τέρμ' ἀέθλων γίνεται, ἰσχύος ἔργον (Er. Schmid: ἀέθλων τέρμα codd.: i. e. the Theban Iolaia) I. 4.67ἔν τ' ἀγωνίοις ἀέθλοισι ποθεινὸν κλέος ἔπραξεν I. 5.7
καὶ Νεμέᾳ ἀέθλων ὅτι κράτος ἐξεῦρε I. 8.5
ταμίαι τε σοφοὶ Μοισᾶν ἀγωνίων τ' ἀέθλων I. 9.8
διαγινώσκομαι μὲν ἀρεταῖς ἀέθλων Ἑλλανίσιν (hypallage: exploits in the games of Greece.) Pae. 4.22b met. contest, taskἐμοὶ μὲν οὗτος ἄεθλος ὑποκείσεται O. 1.84
“ τοῦτον ἄεθλον ἑκὼν τέλεσον” P. 4.165καὶ τάχα πείρατ' ἀέθλων δείκνυεν πατρωίων P. 4.220
“θηρός, ὃν πάμπρωτον ἀέθλων κτεῖνά ποτ ἐν Νεμέᾳ” Herakles speaks of the Nemean lion I. 6.48 -
6 ἄχθος
1 burden met. ἑκόντι δ' ἐγὼ νώτῳ μεθέπων δίδυμον ἄχθος ἄγγελος ἔβαν i. e. the task of praising Alkimidas and Melesias N. 6.57 -
7 δίδυμος
1 twin1 lit., of twin children, esp. Apollo and Artemis. σὺν βαθυζώνοιο διδύμοις παισὶ Λήδας (v. 1. διδύμοισι) O. 3.35ματέρι καὶ διδύμοις παίδεσσιν N. 9.4
ἐς φάος ἰόντες δίδυμοι παῖδες Pae. 12.15
of Herakles and Iphikles:τέκε Ἀλκμήνα διδύμων κρατησίμαχον σθένος υἱῶν P. 9.86
διδύμῳ σὺν κασιγνήτῳ Iphikles N. 1.36 of Thebe and Aigina:πατρὸς οὕνεκα δίδυμαι γένοντο θύγατρες Ἀσωπίδων ὁπλόταται I. 8.17
of Echion and Erytos:πέμψε δ' Ἑρμᾶς χρυσόραπις διδύμους υἱοὺς ἐπ ἄτρυτον πόνον P. 4.178
2 met., two, double, twin βωμοὺς ἓξ διδύμους ἐγέραρεν at Olympia O. 5.5οἱ ὤπασε θησαυρὸν δίδυμον μαντοσύνας, τόκα μὲν φωνὰν ἀκούειν ψευδέων ἄγνωτον. τότ' αὖ χρηστήριον θέσθαι κέλευσεν O. 6.65
τίς γὰρ θεῶν ναοῖσιν οἰωνῶν βασιλέα δίδυμον ἐπέθηκ; (pr.: i. e. at both ends of the temple) O. 13.21 ἐπὶ γὰρ ἰοχέαιρα παρθένος χερὶ διδύμᾳ ὅ τ' ἐναγώνιος Ἑρμᾶς ἀγλάεντα τίθησι κόσμον (ἀμφοτέραις αὐτῆς ταῖς χερσί. Σ.) P. 2.9τῷ μὲν διδύμας χάριτας εἰ κατέβαν ὑγίειαν ἄγων χρυσέαν κῶμόν τ' ἀέθλων P. 3.72
αἰχμαῖσιν διδύμαισιν (cf. Fraenkel on Aga. 643) P. 4.79 δίδυμαι γὰρ ἔσαν ζωαί (sc. πετραί: the Symplegades) P. 4.209 ἑκόντι δ' ἐγὼ νώτῳ μεθέπων δίδυμον ἄχθος i. e. the task of praising Alkimidas and Melesias N. 6.57 ἔστι δὲ καὶ διδύμων ἀέθλων Μελίσσῳ μοῖρα (at Nemea and the Isthmos) I. 3.9 δίδυμον στρέφοισα πηδάλιον (sc. Τύχα. cf. διπλόος. turning two ways, treacherous,) fr. 40. ] διδύμαις P. Oxy. 2622, fr. 1. 6 ad? fr. 346. -
8 μόχθος
μόχθος (-ος, -ου, -ῳ, -ον; -ων, -οις.)1 toil esp. in athletic effort: cf.πόνος. μαιομένων μεγάλαν ἀρετὰν θυμῷ λαβεῖν, τῶν δὲ μόχθων ἀμπνοάν O. 8.7
ἔπορε μόχθῳ βραχύ τι τερπνόν O. 10.93
ἀνὴρ ἐξαίρετον ἕλε μόχθον (sc. Ἰξίων) P. 2.30 “ μόχθου καθύπερθε νεᾶνις ἧτορ ἔχοισα” P. 9.31γλυκεῖάν τοι Μενάνδρου σὺν τύχᾳ μόχθων ἀμοιβὰν ἐπαύρεο N. 5.48
εἰ Μναμοσύνας ἕκατι λιπαράμπυκος εὕρηται ἄποινα μόχθων κλυταῖς ἐπέων ἀοιδαῖς (sc. καλὰ ἔργα) N. 7.16ἕλκεα ῥῆξαν τὰ μὲν ἀμφ' Ἀχιλεῖ νεοκτόνῳ, ἄλλων τε μόχθων ἐν πολυφθόροις ἁμέραις N. 8.31
ἐπεὶ κούφα δόσις ἀνδρὶ σοφῷ ἀντὶ μόχθων παντοδαπῶν ξυνὸν ὀρθῶσαι καλόν I. 1.46
οὔτοι τετύφλωται μακρὸς μόχθος ἀνδρῶν I. 5.57
μὴ προφαίνειν τίς φέρεται μόχθος ἄμμιν fr. 42. 2.μόχθος ἡσυχίαν φέρει καιρῷ καταβαίνων Pae. 2.33
Πηλέος ἀντιθέου μόχθοις νεότας ἐπέλαμψεν μυρίοις (Bergk: μόχοι, μοχθοῖν codd.) fr. 172. 2. met. μόχθον ἄλλοις ἀμφέπει δύστανον ἐν τείχεσιν (sc. δρῦς) P. 4.268 and so, object of toil, task,ἐς Τροίαν, ἥρωσι μόχθον I. 6.28
ἐπειδὴ τὸν ὑπὲρ κεφαλᾶς γε Ταντάλου λίθον παρά τις ἔτρεψεν ἄμμι θεός, ἀτόλματον Ἑλλάδι μόχθον (φησὶ δὲ τὸν λτ;γτ;έρξου πόλεμον. Σ.) I. 8.11 -
9 ξυλοφορία
-ας ἡ N 1 0-0-0-1-0=1 Neh 10,35Cf. PELLETIER 1975, 230; WALTERS 1973, 325 -
10 περικαθαίρω
+ V 1-1-0-0-1=3 Dt 18,10; Jos 5,4; 4 Mc 1,29to purge, to purify [τινα] Dt 18,10; to weed (as a husband’s task) 4 Mc 1,29Cf. DOGNIEZ 1992, 65; LE DEAUT 1981, 184-185; WEVERS 1995 298(Dt 18,10); →MM -
11 πρᾶγμα
-ατος + τό N 3 16-10-6-28-66=126 Gn 19,22; 21,26; 44,15; Ex 1,18; Lv 5,2deed, action, thing Gn 19,22; undertaking, occupation, task Eccl 3,1; thing, matter Nm 22,8; thing, object Nm 31,23; τὰ πράγματα affairs, interests Est 3,13e; state affairs, public affairs Est 3,13f; business Prv 16,20τὸν ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων the treasurer, the administrator 2 Mc 3,7Ῥῆμα and πρᾶγμα are often confused in the LXX; both occur as rendition of the Hebr. דבר which means both word and matter, thingEst 3,15; *Ps 90 (91),6 ἀπὸ πράγματος of the thing-ָבר דָּ ִמfor MT ֶבר דֶּ ִמof the plague; *Est 7,5 τὸπρᾶγμα thing-מלתא (Aram.) for MT מלאו filled him; *DnLXX 2,48 πραγμάτων service, administration-עבידתא for MT מדינת the province ofCf. DORIVAL 1994 392.422; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 78; WEVERS 1982 129; 1993 279.312.746; 1995 283(Dt17,10) -
12 προσκαλέω
+ V 3-1-3-5-12=24 Gn 28,1; Ex 3,18; 5,3; 1 Sm 26,14; Jl 3,5M: to call on [τινα] Ex 5,3; to summon [τι] Ps 49(50),4; to call to oneself, to invite, to summon [τινα] Gn 28,1; to invite to perform a certain task [τινα] Jl 3,5; to call for [τι] Am 5,8P: to be called Est 8,1*Ex 3,18 προσκέκληται he has called on -⋄קרא (Sam. Pent.) for MT נקרה he has encountered (us)Cf. LE BOULLUEC 1989, 94; WEVERS 1990 36; 1993 444; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
13 τελεσφόρος
-ος,-ον A 1-0-0-0-0=1 Dt 23,18being in charge, having a ritual task; τελεσφόρος person with a sacral duty, temple prostituteCf. DOGNIEZ 1992 65.262; WAANDERS 1983 193-194.294 -
14 φυλακή
-ῆς + ἡ N 1 34-30-27-18-12=121 Gn 40,3.4.7; 41,10; 42,17guarding, guard Nm 1,53; watch (as a division of time during which a watch was kept) Ex 14,24; id. (as group or division of personnel) Nm 8,26 (secundo); keeping (the law) 4 Mc 13,13; task, responsibility Nm 3,7; place of guarding, prison JgsA 16,25; pre-caution, preservation Sir 34,16ἐν φυλακῇ in ward, under guard Gn 40,3; ψυλάξουσιν (sic, corr. φυλάξουσιν) τὰς φυλακὰς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου they are to keep the charge of the tabernacle of witness 1 Chr 23,32*Ez 23,24 φυλακήν a watch-מרשׁ for MT ימושׂי they will set; *Ps 76(77),5 φυλακάς watches-תוָֹמרשְׁ for MT תוֹֻמרשְׁ eyelids; *Jb 35,10 φυλακάς watches-מרותשׁ for MT זמרות songsCf. CONYBEARE 1905=1988 194; WEVERS 1990, 170; →MM; NIDNTT; TWNT -
15 αἶπος
A height, steep, A.Ag. 285, 309, etc.; πρὸς αἶπος ὁδοιπορῆσαι, ἰέναι to toil up- hill, Hp.Morb.2.51,70; πρὸς αἶπος ἔρχεται, metaph. of a difficult task, E.Alc. 500: hence αἶ. (v.l. ἆπος ) ἐκβαλὼν ὁδοῦ, i.e. the weariness of the ascent (expl. by Hsch. as κάματος), Id.Ph. 851 (unless ἐκβαλών = 'forgetting'). -
16 θοάζω
A move quickly, ply rapidly,πτέρυγας E.
IT 1142 (lyr.); τίς ὅδ' ἀγών.. θοάζων σε; what task is thus hurrying thee on? Id.Or. 335; θοάζω Βρομίῳ πόνον ἡδύν urge it on, Id.Ba.65; θ. σῖτα γένυσι dispatch it quickly, Id.HF 382 (lyr.).2 intr., move quickly, rush, dart,θοάζων αἰθέρος ἄνω καπνός Id.Or. 1542
; ἐν δὲ δασκίοις ὄρεσι θ. Id.Ba. 219;θ. δρόμῳ Id.Tr. 307
; . (Cf. θέω, θοός (A).)------------------------------------θοάζω (B),A = θάασσω, sit,σοφίης ἐπ' ἄκροισι Emp.4.8
;ὑπ' ἀρχᾶς οὔτινος θοάζων [Ζεὺς] κρατύνει A.Supp. 595
; τίνας ποθ' ἕδρας τάσδε μοι θοάζετε; why are ye in this suppliant posture? S.OT2, cf. Plu.2.22e. (Cf. ἐπιθοάζω, θόωκος, θῶκος; v. θάσσω.)------------------------------------θοάζω (C),A v. θῳάζω. -
17 κόγχη
κόγχ-η, ἡ,A mussel or (perh.) cockle, Emp.76.1, Sophr.25, X.An.5.3.8, Arar. 8.2, Posidipp.14.2; including several species, Arist.HA 528a22, 547b13, 622b2; ; κόγχην διελεῖν to open a mussel, prov. of an easy task, Telecl. 19; κόγχης ἄξιον, i.e. worthless, Hsch., Suid.II anything like a mussel-shell, esp. shell-like cavity in the body, as,IV niche for a statue, CIG 4556 ([place name] Palestine); apse, Epigr.Gr.446.3 ([place name] Medjed).V fourth part of a sphere, Hero *Stereom.1.40. (Cf. Skt. śa[ndot ]khás 'conch-shell'.) -
18 οὐρανοστεγὴς
οὐρᾰνο-στεγὴς ἆθλος, the taskGreek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > οὐρανοστεγὴς
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19 παίγνιον
παίγν-ιον, τό,A plaything, toy, , cf. Plt. 288c;τύχης π. Secund.Sent.7
; πλοῖον ἀνέμων π. ib.17; οἷον π. φεῦγον, of Matter because of its instability, Plot.3.6.7: in pl., Pl.Lg. 797b, etc.; dainties, Ephipp. 24.2 of persons, darling, pet, Anaxandr.9.3: also in pl. (of one person), Ar.Ec. 922, Plu.Ant.59.II in Theoc.15.50, the Egyptians are called κακὰ παίγνια, roguish cheats,—unless here it be acc. cogn. ( dirty tricks) after παίζω.3 light poem, AP6.322 (Leon.), Plb.16.21.12; Ὁμήρου, Κράτητος π., Jul.Or. 2.60d, 6.199d; title of poems by Philetas, Stob.2.4.5, al.; applied to those of Theocritus, Ael.NA15.19: metaph., of the merry chirp of the cicada, AP7.196.6 (Mel.).4 of a prose trifle, Gorg.Hel. 21.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παίγνιον
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20 παραδείκνυμι
παραδείκ-νῡμι (also [suff] παραδεικ-ύω Plb.4.25.3, BCH50.252 ([place name] Thasos), Phld. Rh.1.87 S.),A exhibit side by side,τὸν χρυσὸν δοκιμάζομεν ἕτερα παραδεικνύοντες Isoc.12.39
: abs., make comparisons, Pl.Lg. 829e; compare,τινί τι Philostr.VA7.1
: generally, indicate, point out, PSI4.353.11 (iii B. C.), etc.;τινὶ τὰ δέοντα Sosip.1.56
;π. πόσοι κακῶς ἀπώλοντο Phld.Lib.p.34
O.; point a moral, D.C.58.22.2 exhibit, bring forward, in [voice] Med., D.14.1.3 represent, of a painter, AP5.148 (Mel.); represent as so and so,π. τινὰς οὐκ ὄντας Plb.3.21.5
: folld. by an indirect interrog. clause,π. πότε καὶ πῶς καὶ δι' ἃς αἰτίας γέγονέ τι Id.4.28.4
, etc.; ὅτι .. Epin.1.3: in bad sense, expose, show up,οἷος ὢν πολίτης διαλάθοι π. Plu.Lys.30
.4 exhibit and hand over,φόρους τινί X.HG2.1.14
, cf. 2.3.8; ἐνέχυρα, γῆν, πρόβατα, PCair.Zen.18.4, 362.20, 406.2 (iii B. C.).5 assign, allot, as a task, PPetr.3p.103 (iii B. C.): generally,χέρσον PTeb.79.19
(ii B. C.):—[voice] Pass., ib.16.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραδείκνυμι
См. также в других словарях:
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