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1 ὡρολόγιον
ὡρολόγ-ιον, τό,A an instrument for telling the time, a dial or clock, ὡ. σκιοθηρικόν the sun- dial of Anaximenes, Plin.HN2.187; a sun-dial ([etym.] ὡρολόγιον ) at Zea ([place name] Piraeus ) mentioned in PHaw.81 ([dialect] Att. periegesis of iii B. C., pap. of ii A. D.);ἀπὸ τοῦ σκιακοῦ ὡρολογίου IGRom.4.293a
i35 (Pergam., prob. 127/6 B.C.), cf. Cleom.1.10sq., Gem.8.23, Plu.2.1006f, CIG1947 (loc. inc.), Inscr.Cos57, Suid. (who writes it ὡρολογεῖον) ; ὡ. ὑδραυλικόν a water-clock, = κλεψύδρα, cf. Aristocl. ap.Ath.4.174c, Plin.HN7.213, Bato 2.14;μηχανικὰ ὡ. Ach.Tat. Intr.Arat.25.6
: the dimensions of a water(?)-clock are given in POxy.470.31 (iii A. D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὡρολόγιον
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2 σκιάζω
Aἐσκίασα Il.21.232
, Hes.Op. 613 ([etym.] συ-), Luc.Zeux.5:—[voice] Pass., (v.l.), Arist.Col. 792a22: [tense] pf.ἐσκίασμαι Semon.7.66
: ([etym.] σκιά):— overshadow, shade, darken,εἰς ὅ κεν ἔλθῃ δείελος ὀψὲ δύων σκιάσῃ δ' ἐρίβωλον ἄρουραν Il.21.232
; ;σ. τὰ ἡλιούμενα X.Oec.19.18
; σ. ἔθειραν, with a chaplet, Simon. 148.4, cf. Semon.7.66;φάρεα.. περιβαλλομένα γένυσιν ἐσκίαζον E. IT 1151
(lyr.), cf. Hipp. 134 (lyr.): metaph.,εὐθυμίᾳ σκιαζέτω νόημ' ἄκοτον Pi.Pae.1.2
: abs., of the sun, cast a shadow, Arist.Mete. 374b3; of the sun-dial, ὁ γνώμων σκιάζει τὴν ἕκτην marks it by its shadow, Alciphr.3.4:—[voice] Pass., to be in shadow, Arist.Col. l.c.; σκιάζεσθαι τοῖς ποσί, of the Σκιάποδες, Ctes.Fr.89.II generally, overshadow, cover,κατὰ δ' ἐσκίασαν βελέεσσι Τιτῆνας Hes.Th. 716
; τὸ γένειον τὴν ἀσπίδα πᾶσαν ς. Hdt.6.117; σκιάσαι γένυν εὔξατο, i.e. prayed for a beard, AP12.26 (Stat. Flacc.):—[voice] Pass., ἐπεὶ δὲ τέκνων γένυς ἐμῶν ς. E.Ph.63. -
3 σκιά,-ᾶς
+ ἡ N 1 0-8-12-28-6=54 Jgs 9,36; JgsB 9,15; 2 Kgs 20,9.10(as a sign of instability) 1 Chr 29,15*Ps 22(23),4 ἐν μέσῳ σκιᾶς θανάτου in the midst of the shadow of death-מות צל for MT צלמות darkness, see also Is 9,1; Jer 13,16, Ps 43(44),20, 106(107),10.14, Jb 24,17, 28,3Cf. BARR 1974b, 50-54; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
4 γνωμονεύω
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > γνωμονεύω
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5 γνώμων
A one that knows or examines, an interpreter, discerner, ;τῶν παραχρῆμα Th.1.138
; γλῶττα γ. (sc. γλυκέων καὶ δριμέων) X.Mem.1.4.5: γνώμονες, οἱ, inspectors of the sacred olives at Athens, Lys.7.25.3 as Adj., discerning,νόος Hymn.Is.141
.II carpenter's square, Polyaen.4.3.21; [ὁ δημιουργὸς τῇ δεκάδι] ὥσπερ γνώμονι καὶ εὐθυντηρίῳ ἐχρήσατο Theol.Ar.59
.b Geom., gnomon, Euc.2 Def.2, etc.c Arith., number added to a figurate number to obtain the next number of the same figure, Iamb.in Nic.p.58 P.; esp. of the odd integers, Arist.Ph. 203a14, Theo Sm.p.32 H.; also of the original figurate number, Theol.Ar.9 (dub.l.).5 generally, index,τινός Plu.2.968f
, Ael.NA6.34, al., Vett.Val.305.10; simply, mark, POxy.1409.18 (iii A. D.).6 in pl., teeth that mark a horse's age, X.Eq.3.1.7 metaph., rule of life, Thgn.543, cf. Luc.Herm. 76.8 sens. obsc.,ὁ γ. ἀνίσταται Diog.Ep.35
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6 μιστύλλω
A cut up, in Hom. always of cutting up meat before roasting, , cf. 9.210, al.;εὗσέ τε μίστυλλέν τε Od.14.75
; μιστύλλουσι δρόμον Φαεθοντίδος αἴγλης, metaph., of a sun-dial, AP9.782 (Paul.Sil.): [tense] pres. part., Ar.Fr. 409, Clidem.17: [tense] aor. 1ἐμίστῡλα Semon.24
: part. fem.μιστύλασα Lyc.154
: [voice] Med. ἐμιστύλαντο [ῡ] Nonn.D.21.115.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μιστύλλω
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7 περιφέρεια
A circumference,κύκλου Heraclit.103
; (rounded) surface,σφαίρας Ti.Locr.100e
; of helmets, Plu.Cam.40 (pl.);τὰ ὦτα ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς π. τοῖς ὄμμασι Arist.HA 494b14
; more generally, curve, Id.EN 1102a31; curvature of the edge of a leaf, Thphr.HP3.10.5 ; roundness, Hp.Art.61 ; spherical or curved shape, Epicur.Ep.2pp.49,51U.2 arc of a circle, Arist.Ph. 264b25, Euc.3.28; marked on concave sun-dial ([etym.] πόλος), Sammelb.358.1 (iii B.C.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > περιφέρεια
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8 πόλος
2 pole of this axis, ὁ ἄνω, ὁ κάτω π., Arist.Cael. 285b9, cf. Mete. 362a33; π. φανερός, ἀφανής, Id.Cael. 285b21; π. ἀρκτικός, ἀνταρκτικός, Id.Mu. 392a2; π. βόρειος, νότιος, Hipparch.1.4.1, 1.8.14, cf. Gem. 16.11, Cleom.1.4, Ptol.Alm.2.6;π. τοῦ ὁρίζοντος
the zenith,Euc.
Phaen.p.18 M.; λόξωσις τοῦ π. inclination of the pole (of the zodiac), Ocell.2.23.b pole-star, Eratosth. Cat.2.3 celestial sphere, vault of heauen, sky, A.Pr. 429 (lyr.), E.Fr. 839.11 (anap.);ἄστρων π. Id.Or. 1685
(anap.), cf. eund.Eleg.2;τὸ τοῦ π. τοῦ παντὸς ἡμισφαίριον Alex.261.7
;ὀρνίθων π. Ar.Av. 179
;ψυχὴ δ' αἰθέριον κατέχει π. Epigr.Gr.225
([place name] Ephesus); (Metrod.).b ὑπὸ τὸν αὐτὸν π. in the same latitude, Gal.17(1).16.5 crown of the head, Hsch.; the whole head, Poll.2.99.IV concave sun-dial (called πόλος from being shaped like the vault of heaven), on which the shadow was cast by the γνώμων, Hdt.2.109, Ar.Fr. 163: fem. in Luc.Lex.4.2 διακόσμησις τοῦ π. organization of the calendar, OGI56.46 (Canopus, iii B. C.).V head-dress, worn by goddesses, e.g. Aphrodite, Paus.2.10.5; Tyche, Id.4.30.6.VI Archit., dowel, IG22.1675.4, al. -
9 πόστος
A which in the ordinal series? π. δὴ ἔτος ἐστὶν ὅτε ξείνισσας ἐκεῖνον; how many years is it since..? Od.24.288; πόστην (sc. γραμμήν, i. e. on the sun-dial)ἥλιος τέτραπται; Ar.Fr. 163
; π. ῥύμη; which side-street? which turning? Philippid.22;κατὰ π. σφόνδυλον; Gal.8.238
;ἐνθυμήθητι π. ἀφ' Ἡρακλέους ἐγένετο Arr.Epict.2.18.22
; κατανόησον πόστῳ αὐτῶν μέρει πάντες μαχεσάμενοι νενικήκαμεν with what fraction, i.e. with how small a part, X.Cyr.4.1.16, cf. Jul.Mis. 340b;Ξενοφῶν π. μέρος τοῦ λόχου ἡ ἐνωμοτία ἐστὶν οὐ διασαφεῖ Arr. Tact.6.3
.II [full] ποστός, ή, όν, holding a certain place in the ordinal series, τῇ ποστῇ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ ) on such-and-such a day of the month, PMag.Leid.W.3.35, cf. S.E.M.5.37. (Prob.from ποσσοστος, formed from πός (ς) οι on analogy of πολλοστός from πολλοί.) -
10 σκάφη
σκᾰφ-η, ἡ:I trough, tub, basin, or bowl (Hom. only in [var] Dim. σκαφίς), Hdt.4.73, Ar.Ec. 742, etc.; kneading-trough or baker's tray, Timocl.33, cf. Poll.10.102; wash-tub, bath, A.Fr. 225, Hp.Steril.234; bowl or tray on which offerings were carried by metoeci at the Panathenaea, etc., IG12.844.6, 22.1388.46, al., Semus 5; cf. σκαφηφόρος: prov.,τὰ σῦκα σῦκα, τὴν σκάφην σκάφην λέγει Apostol.15.95b
, cf. Plu.2.178b, Luc.Hist.Conscr.41, Jul.Or. 7.208a.2 light boat, skiff, Ar.Eq. 1315 (with a pun on signf. 1), PCair.Zen.25.5 (iii B.C.), Plb.1.23.7; used for cargo, BGU1742.9 (i B.C.); boat-load,ξύλων PGrad.9.5
(iii B.C.).3 child's cradle, Arist.Po. 1454b25, Phylarch.36 J., Plu.Rom.3, Sor.1.106, al., Sch. Ar.Lys. 138 (prob.).II concave sun-dial, Vitr.9.8.1, Cleom.1.10, cf. Poll.6.110. (Prob. orig. something dug or scooped out, fr. σκάπτω.) -
11 σκιόεις
A shady, shadowy, οὔρεα, ὄρεα ς., shady, i.e. thickly wooded, mountains, Il.1.157, Od.7.268, Pi.P.9.34; μέγαρα ς. dark chambers, Od.1.365, 4.768; ὄρθρον ὑπὸ σκιόεντα the morning twilight, Tryph.236.2 [voice] Act., νέφεα ς. overshadowing clouds, Il.5.525, Od.8.374, etc.II unsubstantial, of a reflection in a mirror, and of the shadow on a sun-dial,τύπος AP6.20
(Jul.), 9.807; κέρδος ὀνείρου ib.11.366 (Maced.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σκιόεις
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12 σκιοθήρης
A sun-dial, Vitr.1.6.6.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σκιοθήρης
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13 στοιχεῖον
στοιχεῖον, τό:I in a form of sun-dial, the shadow of the gnomon, the length of which in feet indicated the time of day, ὅταν ᾖ δεκάπουν τὸ ς. when the shadow is ten feet long, Ar.Ec. 652, v. Sch.;ὁπηνίκ' ἂν εἴκοσι ποδῶν.. τὸ σ. ᾖ Eub.119.7
, cf. Philem.83.II element,1 a simple sound of speech, as the first component of the syllable, Pl.Cra. 424d; τὸ ῥῶ τὸ ς. ib. 426d;γραμμάτων σ. καὶ συλλαβάς Id.Tht. 202e
;σ. ἐστι φωνὴ ἀδιαίρετος Arist.Po. 1456b22
;φωνῆς σ. καὶ ἀρχαὶ δοκοῦσιν εἶναι ταῦτ' ἐξ ὧν σύγκεινται αἱ φωναὶ πρώτων Id.Metaph. 998a23
, cf.Gal.15.6:— στοιχεῖα therefore, strictly, were different from letters ([etym.] γράμματα), Diog.Bab.Stoic.3.213, Sch.D.T.p.32, al., but are freq. not clearly distd. from them, as by Pl.Tht.l.c., Cra. 426d;τὰ σ. τῶν γραμμάτων τὰ τέτταρα καὶ εἴκοσι Aen.Tact.31.21
; σ. ε ¯ letter ε (in a filing-system), BGU959.2 (ii A.D.); ἀκουόμενα ς. letters which are pronounced, A.D.Adv.165.17; γράμματα and ς. are expressly identified by D.T.630.32; the ς. and its name are confused by A.D. Synt.29.1, but distd. by Hdn.Gr. ap. Choerob.in Theod.1.340, Sch.D.T. l.c.:— in the order of the letters, alphabetically,AP
11.15 (Ammian.); dub.sens.in Plu.2.422e.2 in Physics, στοιχεῖα were the components into which matter is ultimately divisible, elements, reduced to four by Empedocles, who called them ῥιζὤματα, the word στοιχεῖα being first used (acc. to Eudem. ap. Simp.in Ph.7.13 ) by Pl., τὰ πρῶτα οἱονπερεὶ ς, e)c w(=n h(mei=s te sugkei/meqa kai\ ta)/lla Tht. 201e; τὰ τῶν πάντων ς. Plt. 278d;αὐτὰ τιθέμενοι σ. τοῦ παντός Ti. 48b
, cf. Arist.GC 314a29, Metaph. 998a28, Thphr.Sens.3, al., D.L.3.24;σ. σωματικά Arist.Mete. 338a22
, Thphr.Fr.46; ἄτομα ς. Epicur.Ep.2p.36U.; equivalent to ἀρχαί, Thales ap.Plu.2.875c, Anaximand. ap. D.L.2.1, Anon. ap. Arist.Ph. 188b28, Metaph. 1059b23, al.; but Arist. also distinguishes ς. from ἀρχή as less comprehensive, ib.1070b23; τὰ σ. ὕλη τῆς οὐσίας ib.1088b27; τρία τὰ ς. Id.Ph. 189b16; distd. from ἀρχή on other grounds by Stoic.2.111; ς. used in three senses by Chrysipp., ib.136, cf. Zeno ib.1.24, al.; in Medicine, Gal.6.3, 420, al., 15.7, al.;Αἰθέρ, κόσμου σ. ἄριστον Orph.H.5.4
; ἀνηλεὲς ς., of the sea, Babr.71.4; τὸ ς., of the sea, Polem.Cyn.44; ἄμφω τὰ ς., i.e. land and sea, ib.11, cf. Hdn.3.1.5, Him.Ecl.2.18.3 the elements of proof, e.g. in general reasoning the πρῶτοι συλλογισμοί, Arist.Metaph. 1014b1; in Geometry, the propositions whose proof is involved in the proof of other propositions, ib. 998a26, 1014a36; title of geometrical works by Hippocrates of Chios, Leon, Theudios, and Euclid, Procl. in Euc.pp.66,67,68F.: hence applied to whatever is one, small, and capable of many uses, Arist.Metaph. 1014b3; to whatever is most universal, e.g. the unit and the point, ib.6; the line and the circle, Id.Top. 158b35; the τόπος (argument applicable to a variety of subjects), ib. 120b13, al., Rh. 1358a35, al.;στοιχεῖα τὰ γένη λέγουσί τινες Id.Metaph. 1014b10
; τὸ νόμισμα σ. καὶ πέρας τῆς ἀλλαγῆς coin is the unit.. of exchange, Id.Pol. 1257b23; in Grammar, σ. τῆς λέξεως parts of speech, D.H.Comp.2; but also, the letters composing a word, A.D.Synt.313.7; letters of the alphabet, Diog. Bab.Stoic.3.213; σ. τοῦ λόγου the elements of speech, viz. words, or the kinds of words, parts of speech, Thphr. ap. Simp. in Cat.10.24, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.45, A.D.Synt.7.1, 313.6.4 generally, elementary or fundamental principle, ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν ς. X.Mem.2.1.1;σ. χρηστῆς πολιτείας Isoc.2.16
; τὸ πολλάκις εἰρημένον μέγιστον ς. Arist.Pol. 1309b16;σ. τῆς ὅλης τέχνης Nicol.Com.1.30
, cf. Epicur. Ep.1p.10U., Ep.3p.59U., Phld.Rh.1.127S., Gal.6.306.5 ἄστρων στοιχεῖα the stars, Man.4.624;σ. καυσούμενα λυθήσεται 2 Ep.Pet.3.10
, cf. 12; esp. planets,στοιχείῳ Διός PLond.1.130.60
(i/ii A.D.); so perh. in Ep.Gal.4.3, Ep.Col.2.8; esp. a sign of the Zodiac, D.L.6.102; of the Great Bear, PMag.Par.1.1303.6 σ. = ἀριθμός, as etym. of Στοιχαδεύς, Sch.D.T.p.192 H.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στοιχεῖον
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14 Τριτωνίσκος
Τρῑτων-ίσκος, ὁ,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Τριτωνίσκος
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15 τροπή
A turn, turning:a ὅθι τροπαὶ ἠελίοιο apparently denotes a point on the horizon, prob. the West or place where the sum sets (so Eust.1787.20), Od.15.404.b each of two fixed points in the solar year, the solstices, first in Hes., at the time of the (winter) solstice, Op. ; μετὰ τροπὰς ἠελ. ib.564,663 (with [dialect] Dor. acc. pl. in - ᾰς); πεδὰ τὰς τροπάς Alcm.33.5
:—later the two solstices were distinguished as τροπαὶ θεριναί and χειμεριναί, Hdt.2.19, Th.7.16, Pl.Lg. 767c, Arist. HA 542b4 sqq., Gal.6.405, etc. (rarely in sg.,τροπὴ θερινή Arist.Mete. 364b2
, Gem.1.13; τ. χειμερινή ib.15);τροπαὶ νότιοι Arist.HA 542b11
; τ. βόρειοι, νότιοι, Plu.2.601a:—when τροπαί is used alone, it mostly refers to the winter solstice, but the sense is always determined by the context, v. Hes. ll. cc.; περὶ ἡλίου τροπάς (sc. χειμερινάς) Th.8.39;εὐθὺς ἐκ τροπῶν Arist.HA 542b20
:—sts. also of other heavenly bodies, Pl.Ti. 39d;περὶ Πλειάδος δύσιν καὶ τροπάς Arist.HA 542b23
, etc.;ἄστρων ἐπιτολάς, δύσεις, τροπάς Alex.30.5
;τροπὰς τῶν ἐνδεδεμένων ἄστρων Arist.Cael. 296b4
;τροπαὶ ἡλίου καὶ σελήνης Epicur.Ep.2p.40U.
:—sts. four in number (the two equinoxes and two solstices), S.E.M.5.11, Gal.17(1).22; so (on a sun-dial)θερινὴ τ., ἰσημερινὴ τ., χειμερινὴ τ., Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 12.236
([place name] Samos).2 turn, change, Arist.Pol. 1316a17;πλείους τραπόμενος τροπὰς τοῦ Εὐρίπου Aeschin. 3.90
; τ. πρὸς τὸ βέλτιον turn for the better, Phld.Rh.2.25S.;ὀξυτέρας τρεπόμενος τ. τοῦ χαμαιλέοντος Plu.Alc.23
;αἱ τοῦ κόλακος ὥσπερ πολύποδος τ. Id.2.52f
;αἱ τῶ αἵματος τ. καὶ ἀλλοιώσιες Ti.Locr.102c
; αἱ περὶ τὸν ἀέρα τ. changes in the air or weather, Plu.2.946f; of wine, a turning sour, ib.939f (cf. τροπίας); going bad, of food,τ. καὶ διαφθορὰ τῶν παρακειμένων Gal.19.208
; of phonetic change in language, A.D. Adv.210.4, Hdn.Gr.2.932.3 τροπαὶ λέξεως a change of speech by figures or tropes ([etym.] τρόποι), Luc.Dem.Enc.6, cf. Hermog.Inv.4.10, al.4 αἱ τροπαί, = αἱ τροπαῖαι, alternating winds, Arist.Pr. 940b16, 21, Thphr.CP2.3.1, Vent.26.II the turning about of the enemy, putting to flight or routing him, τροπήν (or τροπάς) τινος ποιεῖν or ποιεῖσθαι put one to flight, Hdt.1.30, Ar.Eq. 246 (troch.), Th.2.19, 6.69, etc.; οἵαν ἂν τροπὴν Εὐρυσθέως θείμην ( θείην codd.) E.Heracl. 743;τροπὴ γινομένη Hdt.7.167
, cf. Th.1.49,50, etc.: poet.,ἐν μάχης τροπῇ A.Ag. 1237
; ἐν τροπῇ δορός in the rout caused by the spear, S.Aj. 1275, E.Rh.82.IV a coin, Hsch.; cf. τροπαϊκόν. -
16 ἀνάλημμα
II any high erection or embankment, esp. of substructures or retaining-walls, SIG2587.20, SIG290 (Delph.), 813A5 (Delph.), IG11.163A 38 ([place name] Delos), cf. 165.33, D.S.17.71: pl., Id.20.36, D.H.3.69, IG4.203.21;τὸ ἀ. τῆς πόλεως Δαυίδ LXX 2 Ch.32.5
; ἀ. ὑψηλὸν περιβόλου ἱεροῦ ib.Si.50.2.IV = μέρος τι τοῦ ἥπατος, Hsch.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνάλημμα
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17 ἀποσκιασμός
ἀποσκῐ-ασμός, ὁ,A the casting a shadow, ἀ. γνωμόνων measures of time by the shadow on the sun-dial, Plu.Per.6 (pl.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀποσκιασμός
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18 ἡλιοτρόπιον
Ἡλιο-τρόπιον, τό,A heliotrope, Thphr.HP7.3.1, Gal.19.732; ἡ. τὸ μέγα, Heliotropium villosum, Dsc.4.190; ἡ. τὸ μικρόν, H. supinum, ib.191.2 = Croton tinctorius, PHolm.8.3, al.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἡλιοτρόπιον
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19 πέλομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to stir' (in compp.), `to become, to take place, to be' (Il.).Compounds: Also w. prefix (esp. in aor. ptc. περι-, ἐπι-πλόμενος).Derivatives: l. πόλος m. `axis, axis of the world, pole, vault of heaven, round disc of the sun dial etc.' (IA.); denom. ptc. ὁ πολεύων of the presiding planet ( Cod. Astr., PMag. a.o.). 2. - πόλος in synthetic compp. like αἰ-πόλος, δικας-πόλος (s. vv.), ἱππο-πόλος `horse-breeding' (Il.), νυκτι-πόλος `traveling by night' (E. in lyr.); τρί-πολος `ploughed thrice' (Hom., Hes.); from the prefixed verbs ἀμφίπολ-ος (s. v.: ἀμφι-πέλομαι, - πολέω), περίπολ-ος a.o.; cf. below. 3. Deverbatives: a. πολέω, - έομαι, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀμφι-, ἀνα-, περι-, προσ- `to go about, to wander around, to get etc.' (Pi., Att. etc.); also w. nominal 1. member, e.g. πυρ-πολέω `to watch a fire' (Od., X.), `to ravage with fire, to destroy' (IA.); besides, partly as backformations, περί-, πρόσ-πολος, πυρ-πόλος, πύρ-πολος a.o.; trans. `to turn (said of the earth), to root up, to plough' (Hes. Op. 462, Nik. Al. 245). b. πολεύω (χ 223, trans. S. in lyr.) `id.', from ἀμφι-πολεύω (ep. Od., Hdt.), where metr. conditioned for - έω (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 368, cf. also Schwyzer 732); on the denom. ptc. ὁ πολεύων s. on 1. above. c. πωλέομαι, also w. ἐπι-, `to come or go frequently' (Il.) with ἐπιπώλη-σις f. `muster, review of the army' (name of Il. 4, 250ff. by Gramm., Str., Plu.).Etymology: The themat. presens πέλομαι, -ω agrees formally exactly with Lat. colō, - ere (from * quelō: in-quil-īnus, Es- quil-iae) `build upon, inhabit, attend, honour', with Skt. cárati, -te `move around, wander, drive (on the meadow), graze' and with Alb. siell `turn around, turn, bring': IE *kʷélō. An enlargement of it is Toch. B klautk-, A lotk- `turn around, turn, become' (v. Windekens Orbis 11, 195 f.); s. τελευτή. Because of the maintenance of the π- before ε πέλομαι must be Aeolic (Schwyzer 300, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 114); the otherwise to be expected τ- is seen in τέλομαι, τέλλομαι, τελέθω, τέλος (s. vv.). The old connection with cattle-breeding and agriculture is found also in Greek, where the meaning of the verb further soon faded, in compp. as αἰ-πόλος, βου-κόλος (s. vv.), τρί-πολος. With the deverbative πολέω agrees formally Alb. kiell `bring, carry' (*kʷolei̯ō). The formal identity of πωλέομαι and the Skt. causative cāráyati is secondary. The zero grade themat. aor. ἔ-πλ-ετο is isolated. -- To the primary verb was, esp. in Latin and Indo-Iranian, built a series of new nouns. Old are ἀμφίπολος (s. v.) = Lat. anculus and several words for `car, wagon' (s. κύκλος). Note still περίπολος m. `patrolling guardian' (Epich., Att.) = Skt. (Ved.) paricará- m. `servant'; on the accen (Greek innovation?) Schwyzer 379 a. 381. The regular o-derivation πόλος may have an agreement in Lat. colus -ūs or -ī `distaff'; the comparison is however not unproblematic (s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). Also Toch. B kele `navel' could be identical wit it; diff. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 602 (Ural. LW [loanword]). -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 514ff., Pok. 639f., W.-Hofmann s. colō and collus, Mayrhofer s. cárati; further also Ernout-Meillet s. colō w. very important remarks. -- Here further πάλαι, πάλιν, τῆλε (s. v.). Cf. also ἐμπολή and ἔπιπλα.Page in Frisk: 2,500-501Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέλομαι
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20 φαίνω
φαίνω (Hom.+) fut. 3 pl. φανοῦσιν Da 12:3; 1 aor. ἔφανα (B-D-F §72; Mlt-H. 214f), subj. 3 sg. φάνῃ Rv 8:12; 18:23; 2 pf. πέφηνα (Tat.). Mid.: aor. subj. 3 sg. φάνηται (Just., A I, 7, 4). Pass.: impf. ἐφαινόμην; 2 fut. φανήσομαι (2 Macc 6:27; s. B-D-F §79; Mlt-H. 262; the older φανοῦμαι only in the LXX—quot. 1 Pt 4:18); 2 aor. ἐφάνην; pf. 3 sg. πέφανται and inf. πέφανθαι (Just.)① to shine or to produce light, shineⓐ as act., exc. for GJs 16:2 v.l. (s. deStrycker ad loc.), in our lit. only intr. shine, give light, be bright (Aristoph., Nub. 586 of the sun; Pla., Tim. 39b; Theocr. 2, 11 of the moon; Gen 1:15, 17; En 104:2; 2; TestJob 31:5 of stars; SibOr 5, 522; 8, 203) sun Rv 1:16. Sun and moon 21:23 (ApcMos 31); moon PtK 2 p. 14, 27; Dg 7:2. A lamp (1 Macc 4:50) 2 Pt 1:19; in imagery J 5:35 (in a comparison Theoph. Ant. 2, 13 [p. 134, 4]). Light Rv 18:23 (φάνῃ modern edd.; φανῇ t.r.) in imagery J 1:5; 1J 2:8. Day and night shine, in so far as the sun, or moon and stars give their light Rv 8:12 (text φάνῃ; v.l. φανῇ). φαίνοντος ἤδη τοῦ ὄρθρου AcPl Ha 4, 3 (s. ὄρθρος).—Of the brightness of a heavenly messenger AcPl Ha 3, 28; 31; 36.ⓑ pass., in act. sense, of light and its sources shine, flash (Is 60:2) ἐφάνη φῶς μέγα ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ GJs 19:2 (JosAs 14:3 φῶς ἀνεκλάλητον) of stars, in imagery Phil 2:15 (TestJob 31:5). Of lightning as a portent (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 1) Mt 24:27. Of light Rv 18:23 (v.l. φανῇ). Of a star appear Mt 2:7 (FBoll, ZNW 18, 1918, 45f); GJs 21:2 codd. Of the day (Appian, Iber. 35 §143 φαινομένης ἡμέρας) Rv 8:12.② to become visible, appear, pass. φαίνομαι w. act./intr. senseⓐ appear, be or become visible, be revealed τότε ἐφάνη καὶ τὰ ζιζάνια Mt 13:26 (cp. 2 Macc 1:33 τό ὕδωρ ἐφάνη). τά ἔργα τῶν ἀνθρώπων 2 Cl 16:3. τό σημεῖον τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου Mt 24:30. Cp. D 16:6. ἀτμὶς φαινομένη (opp. ἀφανιζομένη) Js 4:14. Cp. Hv 3, 2, 6a. ὁ ἀσεβὴς ποῦ φανεῖται; what will become of the godless man? 1 Pt 4:18 (Pr 11:31). οὐδέποτε ἐφάνη οὕτως nothing like this was ever seen (=happened) Mt 9:33. τὸ φαινόμενον that which is visible (Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 270) IRo 3:3a. τὰ φαινόμενά σου εἰς πρόσωπον whatever is visible before your face (opp. τὰ ἀόρατα) IPol 2:2. φαινόμενα things which appear Hb 11:3 (Ar. 1, 5 πάντων τῶν φαινομένων; Ath. 5, 2; cp. Sext. Emp., Hypotyp. 1, 138). Ign. explains: I will be a real believer ὅταν κόσμῳ μὴ φαίνωμαι when I am no longer visibly present in the world (because I have been devoured by the wild beasts) IRo 3:2. A play on words is meant to make this clear: Christ also, through the fact that he is ἐν πατρί and hence no longer visibly present in the world, μᾶλλον φαίνεται is all the more plainly visible as that which he really is, i.e. ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν 3:3b. τ̣ὸ̣ [τέλο]ς (or: τ̣ε̣[λο]ς) τῶν φαινο[μέ]νων (opp. ἀφανῶν) light of things seen Ox 1081, 29f (rev. rdg.; s. διέρχομαι 1bβ); ἡ πίστ[ις] εὑρ[ετ]έ̣ [α] ἡ φαινομένη τοῦ ἀ.[ … ι]κ̣οῦ πατρός 32–34 (s. ἀπατρικός, but also ἀγέννητος, the preferred restoration being ἀγ[εννή]τ̣ου on the basis of the Coptic).ⓑ make one’s appearance, show oneself (Diod S 4, 6, 5 θεὸν φαίνεσθαι παρʼ ἀνθρώποις; 5, 2, 4 [divinity]; Chariton 5, 7, 10 φάνηθι, δαῖμον ἀγαθέ; Sb 8141, 24 [ins I B.C.] δαίμονος τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ υἱὸς … ἐφάνη; ParJer 7:20 θεὸς … ἐφάνη ἡμῖν διὰ τοῦ αἰέτου τούτου; SibOr 5, 152; Just., A I, 63, 10; ἐφάνη ὁ θεὸς … ἄλλως ἄλλοις Iren. 1, 10, 3 [Harv. I, 95, 9]; Did., Gen. 225, 13; τοῦ Ἰησοῦ … φαινομένου Just., D. 88, 8) Hv 1, 4, 3. Elijah (Jos., Ant. 8, 319) ἐφάνη has made his appearance (as forerunner of God’s kingdom, Mal 3:22. Some people consider that Jesus is Elijah come again) Lk 9:8. ἕως ἐφάνη βρέφος until the child (Jesus) appeared (in ref. to his birth in a cave) GJs 19:2. Of the first advent of Jesus Christ, who comes from outside our world B 14:5; IMg 6:1; Dg 11:2; also w. dat. (X., Cyr. 1, 6, 43; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 20, 5; Ael. Aristid. 51, 25 K.=27 p. 540 D.: ἡ θεὸς ἐφάνη μοι) κόσμῳ 11:3. Of the risen Lord, w. dat. Mk 16:9 (Just., D. 67, 7) τοῖς ἀποστόλοις. Of an angel, w. dat. (2 Macc 3:33; 10:29) Mt 1:20 (GJs 14:2); 2:13, 19 (cp. Alcaeus L-P. [schol. on Nicander, Ther. 613 p. 48 Keil]: φανῆναι τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα καθʼ ὕπνους; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 289 κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους ἡ ῏Ισις ἐφάνη τῷ Ἀ., Ant. 7, 147; 8, 196). ὄπως φανῶσιν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις in order to be seen by people Mt 6:5; w. ptc. to denote the role that one plays before people (Hyperid., Fgm. 70, 1; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 1; Ael. Aristid. 47 p. 428 D.) νηστεύοντες as fasting vs. 16; cp. 18 (B-D-F §414, 3).—Of the Antichrist φανήσεται ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ he will appear (in the same way) as a son of God D 16:4.—Of earthly persons: ὅπου ἄν φανῇ ὁ ἐπίσκοπος, ἐκεῖ τὸ πλῆθος ἔστω ISm 8:2. Of participation in a meeting διὰ τί οὐκ ἐφάνης τῇ συνόδῳ ἡμῶν GJs 15:1. Παῦλος φανεῖς πᾶσι εἶπεν Paul showed himself (after his martyrdom) to all and said AcPl Ha 11, 5.③ to become known, be recognized, be apparent, be revealed, pass. φαίνομαι w. act./intr. senseⓐ w. predicate nom. εἰ ἦσαν, ἐφαίνοντο ἂν κλάδοι τοῦ σταυροῦ if they (the bogus teachers) actually were (God’s planting), they would appear as branches of the cross ITr 11:2. οὐ φαίνονται they are not apparent Hs 3:2ab, 3ab. ἡ ἁμαρτία ἵνα φανῇ ἁμαρτία in order that sin might be recognized as sin Ro 7:13.ⓑ appear to the eyes of the spirit, be revealed ὅπερ καὶ φανήσεται πρὸ προσώπου ἡμῶν, ἐξ ὧν ἀγαπῶμεν αὐτόν which also will be revealed before our face by the fact that we love (the Lord) IEph 15:3.④ to be known by appearance as opposed to underlying reality, appear as someth., appear to be someth., pass. φαίνομαι w. act./intr. sense made more definite by a predicate nom. (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 19; Cebes 5, 1; Arrian, Anab. 4, 30, 4 πιστὸς ἐφαίνετο=he showed himself to be trustworthy; TestReub 5:7; Iren. 5, 1, 2 [Harv. II 315, 5]; Theoph. Ant. 3, 7 [p. 218, 5]) φαίνονται ὡραῖοι Mt 23:27. ἵνα ἡμεῖς δόκιμοι φανῶμεν 2 Cor 13:7. W. dat. of pers. appear to someone as someth. (Lucian, Dial. Mort. 25, 1; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 7 [Stone p. 54]) φαίνεσθε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις δίκαιοι Mt 23:28 (cp. Pr 21:2). W. ἐνώπιόν τινος instead of the dat.: ἐφάνησαν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ λῆρος τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα Lk 24:11.—Foll. by ὡς look as if (TestJos 3:4) Hv 3, 2, 6b; Hs 9, 9, 7.⑤ to make an impression on the mind, have the appearance, seem, freq. w. focus on aspect of decision evoked by circumstance; pass. φαίνομαι w. act./intr. sense, w. dat. and inf. (Hom. et al.) οἱ τοιοῦτοι οὐκ εὐσυνείδητοί μοι εἶναι φαίνονται IMg 4. W. dat. and ptc. φαίνεσθέ μοι κατὰ ἀνθρώπους ζῶντες ITr 2:1. τί ὑμῖν φαίνεται; how does it seem to you? what is your decision? Mk 14:64. ἐάν σοι φανῇ if it seems good to you Hv 2, 3, 4 (acc. to CTurner, JTS 21, 1920, 198, a Latinism: si tibi videtur. Cp. POxy 811 [I A.D.] εἴ σοι φαίνεται). Without a dat. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 12; Just., D. 91, 4) οὐδὲν φαίνεται κεκομμένον ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ nothing seems to have been cut from it (the tree) or apparently nothing has been cut from it (cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 83 φαίνεται Ὄλυμπος αὐξήσας μουσικήν=O. has apparently enriched music) Hs 8, 3, 1 (φαίνεται w. acc. and inf. Demetrius: 722 Fgm. 5 Jac.).—B. 1045f.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
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