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81 Nip
I [nɪp]there's a nip in the air — fig. c'è un freddo pungente
••II [nɪp]nip and tuck — colloq. (cosmetic surgery) chirurgia estetica; AE (neck and neck) testa a testa
nome colloq. (small measure) sorso m.III 1. [nɪp]verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - pp-) (pinch) pizzicare; (bite) mordere, morsicare; (playfully) mordicchiare2.1) (bite) [ animal] mordere; (playfully) mordicchiare; [ bird] beccare2) BE colloq.to nip in front of sb. — passare davanti a qcn.
•- nip off••to nip sth. in the bud — stroncare qcs. sul nascere
* * *[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) pizzicare; pungere; mordere2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) tagliare3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) pizzicare4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) (fare un salto)5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) distruggere2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) pizzico; morso2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) (aria pungente), (freddo intenso)3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) goccetto•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud* * *I [nɪp]1. n2. vt(pinch) pizzicare, (bite) morsicare, (prune: bud, shoot) spuntare, (subj: cold: plant) assiderare, (face) pungere3. vi BritII [nɪp] nto nip out/down/up — fare un salto fuori/giù/di sopra
(drink) goccio, bicchierino* * *Nip /nɪp/a. e n. (abbr. di Nipponese)(spreg.) nipponico; giapponese; muso giallo (spreg.).* * *I [nɪp]there's a nip in the air — fig. c'è un freddo pungente
••II [nɪp]nip and tuck — colloq. (cosmetic surgery) chirurgia estetica; AE (neck and neck) testa a testa
nome colloq. (small measure) sorso m.III 1. [nɪp]verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - pp-) (pinch) pizzicare; (bite) mordere, morsicare; (playfully) mordicchiare2.1) (bite) [ animal] mordere; (playfully) mordicchiare; [ bird] beccare2) BE colloq.to nip in front of sb. — passare davanti a qcn.
•- nip off••to nip sth. in the bud — stroncare qcs. sul nascere
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82 nip
I [nɪp]there's a nip in the air — fig. c'è un freddo pungente
••II [nɪp]nip and tuck — colloq. (cosmetic surgery) chirurgia estetica; AE (neck and neck) testa a testa
nome colloq. (small measure) sorso m.III 1. [nɪp]verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - pp-) (pinch) pizzicare; (bite) mordere, morsicare; (playfully) mordicchiare2.1) (bite) [ animal] mordere; (playfully) mordicchiare; [ bird] beccare2) BE colloq.to nip in front of sb. — passare davanti a qcn.
•- nip off••to nip sth. in the bud — stroncare qcs. sul nascere
* * *[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) pizzicare; pungere; mordere2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) tagliare3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) pizzicare4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) (fare un salto)5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) distruggere2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) pizzico; morso2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) (aria pungente), (freddo intenso)3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) goccetto•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud* * *I [nɪp]1. n2. vt(pinch) pizzicare, (bite) morsicare, (prune: bud, shoot) spuntare, (subj: cold: plant) assiderare, (face) pungere3. vi BritII [nɪp] nto nip out/down/up — fare un salto fuori/giù/di sopra
(drink) goccio, bicchierino* * *nip (1) /nɪp/n.1 pizzico; pizzicotto; morso; morsetto; morsettino2 aria pungente; gelo; freddo intenso: The nip of the night startled the boy, il freddo pungente della notte fece sussultare il ragazzo6 (mecc.) grippaggio● nip and tuck, (fam.) chirurgia plastica; ( sport) (sost.) testa a testa, situazione di parità; cosa ottenuta a stento, di misura; (avv.) testa a testa, alla pari.nip (2) /nɪp/n.(to) nip (1) /nɪp/A v. t.1 pizzicare; dare un pizzicotto a; pizzicottare; ( di un insetto, ecc.) pungere; mordere; morsicare: He's nipped his forefinger in the drawer, si è pizzicato l'indice nel cassetto; The bulldog nipped me on the leg, il bulldog mi morse a una gamba2 ( del gelo, del vento) tagliare; recidere; distruggere: Frost nipped the plants in our garden, il gelo distrusse le piante del nostro giardinoB v. i.1 dare pizzicotti; pungere; morsicare3 fare una corsa (o un salto); recarsi alla svelta; fare un viaggetto: to nip down to the post office, fare un salto alla Posta; to nip over to London, fare un viaggetto a Londra4 (mecc.) bloccarsi; grippare(to) nip (2) /nɪp/A v. i.B v. t.* * *I [nɪp]there's a nip in the air — fig. c'è un freddo pungente
••II [nɪp]nip and tuck — colloq. (cosmetic surgery) chirurgia estetica; AE (neck and neck) testa a testa
nome colloq. (small measure) sorso m.III 1. [nɪp]verbo transitivo (forma in -ing ecc. - pp-) (pinch) pizzicare; (bite) mordere, morsicare; (playfully) mordicchiare2.1) (bite) [ animal] mordere; (playfully) mordicchiare; [ bird] beccare2) BE colloq.to nip in front of sb. — passare davanti a qcn.
•- nip off••to nip sth. in the bud — stroncare qcs. sul nascere
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83 nip
[nɪp] 1. vtszczypać (szczypnąć perf or uszczypnąć perf)2. nto nip out ( BRIT, inf) — wyskakiwać (wyskoczyć perf) (inf)
to nip into a shop ( BRIT, inf) — wskoczyć ( perf) do sklepu (inf)
* * *[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) uszczypnąć2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) odciąć3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) szczypać4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) skoczyć5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) zmrozić2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) uszczypnięcie2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) przymrozek3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) łyk•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud -
84 sting
[stɪŋ] 1. n( wound) (of mosquito, snake) ukąszenie nt; (of bee, wasp) użądlenie nt; (of nettle, jellyfish) oparzenie nt; ( organ) żądło nt; ( inf) kant m (inf)2. vt; pt, pp stung 3. vi; pt, pp stungbee, wasp żądlić; mosquito, snake kąsać; plant, hedgehog kłuć; nettle, jellyfish parzyć; eyes, ointment szczypać, piec* * *1. [stiŋ] noun1) (a part of some plants, insects etc, eg nettles and wasps, that can prick and inject an irritating or poisonous fluid into the wound.) żądło2) (an act of piercing with this part: Some spiders give a poisonous sting.) ukąszenie3) (the wound, swelling, or pain caused by this: You can soothe a wasp sting by putting vinegar on it.) ukąszenie2. verb1) (to wound or hurt by means of a sting: The child was badly stung by nettles/mosquitoes; Do those insects sting?) kąsać2) ((of a wound, or a part of the body) to smart or be painful: The salt water made his eyes sting.) piec -
85 Nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) []kniebt; []kost2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) pārkniebt; nokniebt3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) kost4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) izskriet; aizskriet5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) []kost, []kniebt2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) kodiens; kniebiens2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) salta dvesma3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) malciņš•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud* * *japānis; kniebiens, kodiens; malciņš; iedzert malciņu -
86 nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) []kniebt; []kost2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) pārkniebt; nokniebt3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) kost4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) izskriet; aizskriet5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) []kost, []kniebt2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) kodiens; kniebiens2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) salta dvesma3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) malciņš•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud* * *kniebt, kost; iekniebt, iekost; sažņaugt, saspiest; nokost, nopostīt, iznīcināt; izskriet -
87 nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) įgnybti, įžnybti, įkąsti2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) nugnybti3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) gelti, graužti4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) užbėgti, išdumti, bėginėti5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) pakąsti, nukąsti2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) gnybis, įkandimas2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) žnaibantis šaltukas3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) gurkšnelis•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud -
88 nip
n. nypande; frostangrepp; klunk; bett; utfall--------v. nypa; bita; förstöra; dyka upp; klunka; förstöras* * *[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) nypa, klämma, bita2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) nypa (knipsa) av3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) svida4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) kila (slinka) []5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) fördärva, frostskada2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) nyp, bett2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) sveda, skarp kyla3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) droppe, tår, hutt•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud -
89 nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) štípnout, kousnout2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) uštípnout3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) štípat4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) zaskočit (si)5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) sežehnout2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) štípnutí, kousnutí2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) mrazík3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) lok, slza•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud* * *• uštípnout• štípanec• špetka• čudlík -
90 nettle
1. nounкрапива; small (или stinging) nettle жгучая крапива; great (или common) nettle обыкновенная двудомная крапиваto be on nettles = сидеть как на иголкахto grasp the nettle решительно браться за трудное дело; grasp the nettle and it won't sting you посл. = смелость города берет2. verb1) обжигать крапивой2) раздражать, уязвлять, сердитьSyn:unsettle* * *1 (n) источник раздражения; крапива2 (v) злить; обжигать крапивой; раздражать; разозлить; рассердить; сердить; сечь крапивой; уязвлять* * ** * *[net·tle || 'netl] n. крапива [бот.] v. обжигать крапивой, раздражать, уязвлять, сердить* * *жечьсякрапива* * *1. сущ. крапива 2. гл. 1) обжигать(ся) крапивой 2) раздражать 3) возбуждать -
91 nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) poštípať; uhryznúť2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) odštiknúť3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) štípať4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) (od)skočiť si5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) spáliť2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) poštípanie, uhryznutie2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) chlad3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) hlt; pohárik•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud* * *• úštipok• uštipnutie• vziat• vypit si• zahatit• zamedzit• zlisovat• zatknút• zbalit• zaštípat• zlodej• zobrat• zvierat• spálit• sarkazmus• slza• skocit• štípat• štiplavost• stlacit• srkat• stisnutie• srknutie• stlacenie• tlacit• uhryznutie• tisnút• urezat koniec• upíjat• ukradnút• prerušit• prefúknut• prištiknút• glg• hlt• dúšok• hrýzt• jedovatá poznámka• chytat• chlad• ostro napomenút• oziabanie• ostrý vtip• pálit• ostrá chut• poštípat• potiahnut• pokúsat• lízat• liznutie• kúsok• mrazík -
92 nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) a ciupi; a muşca2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) a tăia3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) a înţepa4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) a da o fugă (până la)5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) a distruge2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) ciupitură; muşcătură2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) frig înţepător3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) păhărel•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud -
93 nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) τσιμπώ,δαγκώνω2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) κόβω3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) τσούζω4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) πετάγομαι5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) παγώνω,καταστρέφω2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) τσίμπημα,δάγκωμα2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) ψύχρα3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) γουλιά•- nippy- nip something in the bud
- nip in the bud -
94 scathing
a едкий, злой, уничтожающийСинонимический ряд:1. bitter (adj.) acerbic; acrimonious; bitter; sarcastic; scornful2. cutting (adj.) acid; acidic; acrid; biting; brutal; caustic; cutting; incisive; mordacious; mordant; penetrating; pungent; salty; searing; slashing; stinging; trenchant; truculent; vitriolic; vituperative3. severe (adj.) cruel; extreme; harsh; severe; stern4. lambasting (verb) blistering; castigating; drubbing; excoriating; flaying; lambasting; lashing; lashing into; roasting; scarifying; scathing; scorching; scoring; scourging; slamming; slapping; slashingАнтонимический ряд: -
95 throbbing
1. n трепетание; волнение2. n мед. биение, пульсацияСинонимический ряд:1. painful (adj.) aching; burning; irritated; painful; raw; sore; stinging2. beating (verb) beating; palpitating; pulsating; pulsing -
96 nip
[nɪp] past tense, past participle nipped1. verb1) to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite:يَضْغَط بين الإبْهام والسَّبابَه، يَقْرُص، يَعُضThe dog nipped her ankle.
2) to cut with such an action:يَقْطَع، يَقْضُمHe nipped off the heads of the flowers.
3) to sting:يَقْرُصIodine nips when it is put on a cut.
4) to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey:يَقوم بِزِيارَةٍ سَريعَهHe nipped over to Paris for the week-end.
يوقِف نُمُوThe frost has nipped the roses.
2. noun1) the act of pinching or biting:قَرْصَه، عَضَّهHis dog gave her a nip on the ankle.
2) a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather:لَسْعَهa nip in the air.
3) a small drink, especially of spirits.جُرْعَه -
97 nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) pincer; donner un coup de dent2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) sectionner3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) piquer4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) faire un saut à5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) brûler2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) pincement; petit coup de dent2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) froid, piquant3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) petit verre•- nippy- nip something in the bud - nip in the bud -
98 nip
[nip] 1. past tense, past participle - nipped; verb1) (to press between the thumb and a finger, or between claws or teeth, causing pain; to pinch or bite: A crab nipped her toe; The dog nipped her ankle.) beliscar, morder, pinçar2) (to cut with such an action: He nipped the wire with the pliers; He nipped off the heads of the flowers.) podar3) (to sting: Iodine nips when it is put on a cut.) arder, picar4) (to move quickly; to make a quick, usually short, journey: I'll just nip into this shop for cigarettes; He nipped over to Paris for the week-end.) dar um pulo até5) (to stop the growth of (plants etc): The frost has nipped the roses.) tolher2. noun1) (the act of pinching or biting: His dog gave her a nip on the ankle.) pinçada, mordida2) (a sharp stinging quality, or coldness in the weather: a nip in the air.) frio cortante3) (a small drink, especially of spirits.) trago•- nippy- nip something in the bud - nip in the bud -
99 -κναίω
- κναίωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `scrape, scratch', only with prefix, δια-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, κατα-κναίω (Hp., Trag. in lyr., Att.);Other forms: also as simplex, Att. inf. κνῆ-ν, κνῆ-σθαι, 1. a. 3. sg. pres. κνῶ, κνῃ̃, ipf. ἐπὶ... κνῆ (Λ 639), also κνᾶ-ν (Hdt.), κνᾶ-σθαι, κνᾳ̃ (hell.); further κνήθω, also with κατα-, ἐν-, ἐπι- a. o. (Arist., hell.). Non-pres. forms: 1. - κναῖσαι, - κναισθῆναι, - κναίσω, - κεκναισμένος (Ar., E. in lyr., Pl.,Theoc.); more usual (as simpl. a. comp.) 2. κνῆσαι, Dor. opt. midd. (Theoc.) κνάσαιο, κνησθῆναι, κνήσω, κέκνησμαι (IA.).Derivatives: Action nouns: 1. κνῆσις `scratching, tickling' (Pl.) with κνησιάω `desire to tickle' (Ar., Pl.), also κνηστιάω `id.' (Gal., Jul.; after the verbs in - τιάω) and κνηθιάω `id.' (Hdn., EM; after κνήθω, cf. Schwyzer 732). 2. κνῆσμα (rarely κνῆμα) `id.' (Hp., X.); 3. κνησμονή `id.' (medic.; πῆμα: πημονή etc.); 4. κνησμός `id.' (Hp., Arist.) with κνησμώδης `affected with itching' (Hp., Arist., Str.). 5. κνηθμός `itching' (Nic.). - Agent nouns and instruments: 6. κνῆστις f. (from *κνήστης m.) `knife for scratching, cheese-grater' (Λ 640, Nic., Opp.), also `spine' (κ 161; cf. ἄκνηστις s.v.); diff. on κνῆστις z. B. Fraenkel Glotta 4, 41ff., Benveniste Noms d'agent 77; 7. κνηστήρ `scratching knife' (Nic.). 8. κνηστίς -ίδος f. `hollow hair-pin' (Plu.). 9. κνῆστρον `stinging plant, Daphne oleoides, θυμελαία' (Hp., Dsc.); κνηστρίον `scraper', ( Edict. Diocl.). - Adj. 10. κνηστικός `scratching, itching' (Sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Of the presents κναίειν, κνῆν, κνήθειν the last can be an innovation to κνῆ-σαι etc. after πλῆ-σαι: πλή-θ-ω, λῆ-σαι: λήθ-ω a. o. The pair κνῆν: κναίειν agrees with the semantically close ψῆν: ψαίειν. - One compares several words with initial IE. * k(e)n- but with different forms, which is not surprising in view of the emotional value of expressions for `scratch, grate'. With κνῆ-ν (prob. orig. athematic; Schwyzer 675f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 297 a. 307) from IE. * knē- agree best in Baltic and Germanic Lith. kn(i)ó-tis `peek (oneself) off, get loose', OHG nuoen `make smooth by scratching, fit exactly' (with OHG hnuo `joint, groove' etc.) from IE. * knō-? (cf. κνώ-δ-αλον?), perh. * knā- as in Alb. krromë `scab, mange' form IE. *knā-mn̥ (Gr. κνῆμα is independent). Lat. cnāsonas however, acc. pl. `scratching nails' (Paul. Fest. 52) from hell. *κνά̄σων `scratcher' ( κνᾶσαι ὀλέσαι, λυπῆσαι H.); cf. Leumann Sprache 1, 207. - The - αι- in κναίω however has no direct counterpart (Lith. knaisýti is secondary to knìsti `scratch', s. κνίζω). Connecting κνῆ-ν and κναί-ειν to an old paradigma (* knē[i]-mi: knǝi-mé (Schwyzer 676; cf. Specht Ursprung 325; the last form is impossible since the laryngeal theory) is quite hypothetical. - Cf. κνίζω, κνύω, κνάπτω; κνώδαλον, κνήφη, κνέωρος and κόνις; s. Pok. 559ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. knablỹs. - Strangely enough it has not been proposed that the words could well be Pre-Greek; the meaning makes this quite possible; the connections in Pok. 599 are far from convincing. Cf. also κναδάλλεται κνήθεται H., with which compare γνάφαλλον, γνόφαλον, which are clearly Pre-Greek (s.s.v. κνάπτω); is κναδ- a variant of κνηθ-? For κναδ- no PIE prefrom can be reconstructed (cf. on γνάθος). Note that Kuiper assumed that words with kn- in Germanic were prob. substrate, NOWELE 25 (1995) 68 a.70. The formation of κνήσων (and the Latin loan cnāsōn- cited above) seems non-IE; cf. DELG s.v. Also the formation of a verb in - αίω is unknown.Page in Frisk: 1,880-881Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > -κναίω
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100 οἴστρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `gadfly, Tabanus bovinus' (χ 300, A., Arist.), also of a water-insect and a bird (Arist. perh. Sylvia trochilus; cf. Whitfield ClassRev. 69, 12f.), `sting, prick' (S., E.), `rage, madness, fierce desire' (Hdt., Pl., S., E.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. οἰστρο-πλήξ, - γος `stung by a gadly, driven by anger' (trag., of Io, also of the Bacchantes).Derivatives: οἰστρ-ώδης `enraged' (Pl., Epicur.), - ήεις `full of sting, stinging, stung' (Opp., Nonn.; cf. Schwyzer 527), - ηδόν `with rage' (Opp.); οἰστρ-άω (on the formation Schwyzer 731), also - έω (Theoc., Luc., Jul.), - ῆσαι (trag., Pl., Arist.), also with ἀν-, ἐξ-, παρ-, δι-, `to rouse; to rage, to roar' with οἴστρ-ημα n. `sting' (S., AP), ( παρ-)-ησις f. `rage, passion' ( Corp. Herm., PMag. Par.); backformation πάροιστρος `enraged, mad' (Simp.).Etymology: In the barytonesis agreeing with κέστρος, χύτρος a. o. (cf. Schwyzer 531 f.) οἶσ-τρος must orig. be a nom. instr. or -- what amounts to the same thing -- a nom. agentis. If, as seems probable, cognate with οἶμα (\< *οἶσ-μα) and like this derived from a verb `put in vehement movement, urge, irritate', the word meant originally "urger, irritator". The actual meanings `gadfly', `sting', `anger' can therefor go hand in hand (cf. v.Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 273); the changing meaning was still favoured by the myth of Io. -- An identical formation, except for the gender, is Lith. aistrà f. `vehement passion'; further cognates s. οἶμα; cf. also ὀϊστός w. lit. -- Diff. F. Hartmann KZ 54, 289 w. n. 1: to οἶδος, οἰδέω, OHG eittar `poison' etc. as `who causes an ulcer'; to be rejected. S. also Gil Fernandez Nombres de insectos 157. -- In ἰστυάζει ὀργίζεται H. Fick KZ 43, 136 wanted to find a parallel zero grade τυ-derivation *ἰσ-τύ-ς.Page in Frisk: 2,369-370Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οἴστρος
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