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41 international code for the safe carriage of grain in bulk

Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: международный кодекс по безопасной перевозке зерна насыпью

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > international code for the safe carriage of grain in bulk
42 international code for the safe carriage of grain in bulk

международный кодекс по безопасной перевозке зерна насыпью

Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > international code for the safe carriage of grain in bulk
43 contamination

1) ухудшение

например, contamination of safe code - ухудшение безопасности кода программы

2) снижение

например, надёжности или безопасности

3) порча, разрушение

см. тж. data contamination

4) загрязнение

например, цвета

5) заражение

например, вирусами

Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > contamination
44 crack

1. noun
1) (noise) Krachen, das

give somebody/have a fair crack of the whip — (fig.) jemandem eine Chance geben/eine Chance haben

2) (in china, glass, eggshell, ice, etc.) Sprung, der; (in rock) Spalte, die; (chink) Spalt, der

there's a crack in the ceiling — die Decke hat einen Riß

3) (blow) Schlag, der

4) (coll.): (try) Versuch, der

have a crack at something/at doing something — etwas in Angriff nehmen/versuchen, etwas zu tun

5)

the/at the crack of dawn — (coll.) der/bei Tagesanbruch

6) (coll.): (wisecrack) [geistreicher] Witz

7) (sl.): (drug)

crack [cocaine] — Crack, das
2. adjective
(coll.) erstklassig
3. transitive verb
1) (break, lit. or fig.) knacken [Nuss, Problem]; knacken (salopp) [Safe, Kode]

2) (make a crack in) anschlagen [Porzellan, Glas]

3)

crack a whip — mit einer Peitsche knallen

crack the whip — (fig.) Druck machen (ugs.)

4)

crack a joke — einen Witz machen
4. intransitive verb
1) [Porzellan, Glas:] einen Sprung/Sprünge bekommen; [Haut:] aufspringen, rissig werden; [Eis:] Risse bekommen

2) (make sound) [Peitsche:] knallen; [Gelenk:] knacken; [Gewehr:] krachen

3) (coll.)

get cracking! — mach los! (ugs.)

let's get cracking — fangen wir endlich an

get cracking [with something] — [mit etwas] loslegen (ugs.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/16937/crack_down">crack down

- crack up

* * *
[kræk] 1. verb
1) (to (cause to) break partly without falling to pieces: The window cracked down the middle.) krachen

2) (to break (open): He cracked the peanuts between his finger and thumb.) zerbrechen

3) (to make a sudden sharp sound of breaking: The twig cracked as I stepped on it.) knacken

4) (to make (a joke): He's always cracking jokes.) (Witze) reißen

5) (to open (a safe) by illegal means.) knacken

6) (to solve (a code).) knacken

7) (to give in to torture or similar pressures: The spy finally cracked under their questioning and told them everything he knew.) zusammenbrechen
2. noun
1) (a split or break: There's a crack in this cup.) der Sprung

2) (a narrow opening: The door opened a crack.) der Spalt

3) (a sudden sharp sound: the crack of whip.) der Knall

4) (a blow: a crack on the jaw.) der Schlag

5) (a joke: He made a crack about my big feet.) der Witz

6) (a very addictive drug: He died of too much crack with alcohol)
3. adjective
(expert: a crack racing-driver.) großartig

- cracked
- crackdown
- cracker
- crackers
- crack a book
- crack down on
- crack down
- get cracking
- have a crack at
- have a crack
* * *

crack

[kræk]

I. n

1. (fissure) Riss m

there was a \crack in the teacup die Teetasse hatte einen Sprung; ( fig)

\cracks began to show in his facade of self-confidence in seinem aufgesetzten Selbstbewusstsein wurden Sprünge sichtbar

hairline \crack Haarriss m

2. (narrow space) Ritze f, Spalt m

to open a door/window [just] a \crack eine Tür/ein Fenster [nur] einen Spalt öffnen

3. (sharp noise) of a breaking branch Knacken nt kein pl; of breaking ice Krachen nt kein pl; of a rifle Knall m

a loud \crack of thunder ein lautes Donnerkrachen

4. (sharp blow) Schlag m

to give sb a \crack over the head jdm eins überziehen [o über den Schädel geben

5. no pl (drug) Crack nt o m

\crack house ( fam) Crackhaus nt, Bezugsstelle f für Crack

6. (joke) Witz m

a cheap \crack ein schlechter Witz

to make a \crack about sth einen Witz über etw akk reißen

7. ( fam: attempt) Versuch m

it was her first \crack at [beating] the world record es war ihr erster Versuch, den Weltrekord einzustellen

to have a \crack at sth [or to give sth a \crack] etw [aus]probieren

8.

▶ at the \crack of dawn im Morgengrauen

▶ the \crack of doom der Jüngste Tag

▶ to get/have a fair \crack of the whip BRIT eine [echte] Chance bekommen/haben

II. adj attr, inv erstklassig, Super- fam

\crack marksman Meisterschütze m

\crack shot Meisterschütze, -schützin m, f

\crack regiment Eliteregiment nt

III. vt

1. (break)

to \crack a cup/glass/window einen Sprung in eine Tasse/ein Glas/eine Fensterscheibe machen

2. (open)

▪ to \crack sth [open] [or to \crack [open] sth] etw aufbrechen

come round and we'll \crack [open] a bottle together komm doch vorbei, dann machen wir eine Flasche auf

to \crack an egg ein Ei aufschlagen

to \crack nuts Nüsse knacken

to \crack [open] a safe ( fam) einen Safe knacken fam

3. (solve)

I've \cracked it! ich hab's!

to \crack a code/problem einen Code/ein Problem knacken fam

4. (hit)

to \crack sb on [or over] the head jdm eins auf/über den Schädel geben

to \crack one's head/elbow on sth sich dat den Kopf/Ellbogen an etw dat anschlagen

5. (make noise)

to \crack one's knuckles mit den Fingern knacken

to \crack a whip mit einer Peitsche knallen

6. CHEM

▪ to \crack sth hydrocarbons etw spalten

7.

▶ to \crack a joke einen Witz reißen fam

▶ to \crack the whip ein strengeres Regiment aufziehen

IV. vi

1. (break) [zer]brechen, zerspringen; lips, paintwork aufspringen, rissig werden

2. ( fam: break down) zusammenbrechen; relationship zerbrechen; facade abbröckeln

3. (break down) zusammenbrechen

his voice \cracked with emotion seine Stimme versagte vor Rührung

to \crack during interrogation beim Verhör zusammenbrechen

to \crack under pressure of work unter der Arbeitslast zusammenbrechen

4. (make noise) breaking ice, thunder krachen; breaking branch knacken; shot, whip knallen

5.

▶ to get \cracking ( fam) loslegen fam

I'd better get \cracking on writing these letters ich sollte mich endlich mal dranmachen, diese Briefe zu schreiben

get \cracking or we'll miss the train jetzt aber los, sonst verpassen wir den Zug

* * *
[krk]
1. n

1) Riss m; (between floorboards etc) Ritze f; (= wider hole etc) Spalte f; (= fine line in pottery, glass etc) Sprung m

leave the window open a crack — lass das Fenster einen Spalt offen

at the crack of dawn — in aller Frühe

to fall or slip through the cracks ( US fig ) — durch die Maschen schlüpfen

2) (= sharp noise of wood etc breaking) Knacks m; (of gun, whip) Knall(en nt no pl) m; (of thunder) Schlag m

at the crack of doom — beim Jüngsten Gericht

3) (= sharp blow) Schlag m

to give sb a crack on the head — jdm eins auf den Kopf geben

to give oneself a crack on the head — sich (dat) den Kopf anschlagen

4) (inf: gibe) Stichelei f; (= joke) Witz m

to make a crack about sb/sth — einen Witz über jdn/etw reißen

5) (inf

= attempt) to have a crack at sth — etw mal probieren (inf)

6) (DRUGS) Crack nt

7) (Ir, Brit inf) tolle Zeit

tourists come to Ireland for the crack — die Touristen kommen wegen der tollen Atmosphäre nach Irland

8) (Brit vulg = vagina) Fotze f (vulg)

2. adj attr
erstklassig; (MIL) Elite-
crack shot — Meisterschütze m, Meisterschützin f

3. vt

1) (= make a crack in) glass, china, pottery einen Sprung machen in (+acc); bone anbrechen, anknacksen (inf); skin, ground rissig machen; ground, ice einen Riss/Risse machen in (+acc)

to crack a rib — sich (dat) eine Rippe anbrechen

2) (= break) nuts, safe knacken; (fig inf) code knacken; case, problem lösen

to crack (open) a bottle — einer Flasche (dat) den Hals brechen

3) joke reißen

4) whip knallen mit; finger, joint knacken mit

to crack the whip (fig) — die Peitsche schwingen, ein strenges Regiment führen

5) (= hit sharply) schlagen

he cracked his head against the pavement — er krachte mit dem Kopf aufs Pflaster

6) (= distil) petroleum kracken

cracking plant — Krackanlage f

4. vi

1) (= get a crack pottery, glass) einen Sprung/Sprünge bekommen, springen; (ice, road) einen Riss/Risse bekommen; (lips, skin) spröde or rissig werden; (bones) einen Knacks bekommen (inf); (= break) brechen

at last his stern face cracked and he laughed — schließlich verzog sich seine ernste Miene zu einem Lachen

2) (= make a cracking sound twigs, joints) knacken, krachen; (whip, gun) knallen

3) (= hit sharply) schlagen, krachen

4) (= break voice) (with emotion) versagen

his voice is cracking/beginning to crack (boy) — er ist im/kommt in den Stimmbruch

5) (inf)

to get cracking — loslegen (inf), sich daranmachen

to get cracking with or on sth — mit etw loslegen (inf), sich an etw (acc) machen

get cracking! — los jetzt!

6)

he cracked under the strain — er ist unter der Belastung zusammengebrochen

See:

= crack up

* * *

crack [kræk]

A s

1. Krach m, Knall m (einer Peitsche, eines Gewehrs etc), (Donner) Schlag m, Knacks m, Knacken n:

a crack of thunder;

in a crack umg im Nu;

at the crack of dawn im Morgengrauen, in aller Frühe;

the crack of doom die Posaunen des Jüngsten Gerichts;

till the crack of doom umg bis zum Jüngsten Tag;

give sb a fair crack of the whip Br umg jemandem eine faire Chance geben

2. umg (heftiger) Schlag:

give sb a crack on the head jemandem eins auf den Kopf geben

3. Sprung m, Riss m:

the glass has got a crack das Glas hat einen Sprung oder ist gesprungen;

paper over the cracks fig die Differenzen übertünchen

4. Spalte f, Spalt m, Schlitz m, Ritz m, Ritze f:

the door was open a crack die Tür stand einen Spalt (breit) offen

5. umg

a) Knacks m (geistiger Defekt)

b) → crackpot A

6. Stimmbruch m

7. umg Versuch m:

have a crack at sich versuchen an (dat)

8. sl

a) Witz m

b) Seitenhieb m, Stichelei f:

make cracks about Witze machen über (akk); sticheln gegen jemanden

9. Br umg Crack m, Kanone f, As n (besonders Sportler)

10. sl obs

a) Einbruch m

b) Einbrecher m

11. sl Crack n (synthetische Droge auf Kokainbasis):

crack house Bar etc, in der mit Crack gehandelt wird

B adj umg erstklassig, Elite…, Meister…:

a crack player ein Meisterspieler;

a crack shot ein Meisterschütze;

a crack team SPORT eine Spitzen- oder Topmannschaft;

crack regiment Eliteregiment n

C int krach!, knacks!

D v/i

1. krachen, knallen, knacken

2. (zer)springen, (-)platzen, (-)bersten, (-)brechen, rissig werden, (auf)reißen, einen Sprung oder Sprünge bekommen

3. überschnappen (Stimme):

his voice is cracking er ist im Stimmbruch

4. fig zusammenbrechen ( under unter dat)

5. sl kaputtgehen, in die Brüche gehen

6. sl nachlassen, erlahmen

7. get cracking umg loslegen (on mit):

cracking speed umg tolles Tempo

8. besonders schott plaudern

9. CHEM sich (durch Hitze) zersetzen

E v/t

1. knallen mit, knacken oder krachen lassen:

crack one’s fingers mit den Fingern knacken;

crack the whip

a) mit der Peitsche knallen,

b) fig zeigen, wer der Herr ist;

crack a smile umg lächeln; → joke A 1

2. zerbrechen, (zer)spalten, (zer)sprengen:

crack an egg ein Ei aufschlagen; → bottle¹ A 1

3. a) einen Sprung machen in (dat)

b) MED sich etwas anbrechen:

crack a rib

4. umg

a) schlagen, hauen:

crack sb over the head jemandem eins auf den Kopf geben

b) eine Scheibe etc ein-, zerschlagen

5. eine Nuss (auf)knacken

6. umg einen Safe, einen Code, SPORT die Abwehr knacken:

crack a gang eine Verbrecherbande auffliegen lassen;

crack a problem ein Problem lösen

7. umg kaputt machen, ruinieren (beide auch fig)

8. umg jemandes Stolz etc erschüttern, anknacksen umg

9. TECH Erdöl kracken

* * *
1. noun
1) (noise) Krachen, das

give somebody/have a fair crack of the whip — (fig.) jemandem eine Chance geben/eine Chance haben

2) (in china, glass, eggshell, ice, etc.) Sprung, der; (in rock) Spalte, die; (chink) Spalt, der

there's a crack in the ceiling — die Decke hat einen Riß

3) (blow) Schlag, der

4) (coll.): (try) Versuch, der

have a crack at something/at doing something — etwas in Angriff nehmen/versuchen, etwas zu tun

5)

the/at the crack of dawn — (coll.) der/bei Tagesanbruch

6) (coll.): (wisecrack) [geistreicher] Witz

7) (sl.): (drug)

crack [cocaine] — Crack, das
2. adjective
(coll.) erstklassig
3. transitive verb
1) (break, lit. or fig.) knacken [Nuss, Problem]; knacken (salopp) [Safe, Kode]

2) (make a crack in) anschlagen [Porzellan, Glas]

3)

crack a whip — mit einer Peitsche knallen

crack the whip — (fig.) Druck machen (ugs.)

4)

crack a joke — einen Witz machen
4. intransitive verb
1) [Porzellan, Glas:] einen Sprung/Sprünge bekommen; [Haut:] aufspringen, rissig werden; [Eis:] Risse bekommen

2) (make sound) [Peitsche:] knallen; [Gelenk:] knacken; [Gewehr:] krachen

3) (coll.)

get cracking! — mach los! (ugs.)

let's get cracking — fangen wir endlich an

get cracking [with something] — [mit etwas] loslegen (ugs.)

Phrasal Verbs:

- crack down

- crack up

* * *

n.

Knall -e m.

Riss -e m.

Spalt -e m.

Sprung -¨e m. v.

brechen v.

(§ p.,pp.: brach, gebrochen)

knacken v.

knallen v.

platzen v.

zerbrechen v.

zersplittern v.

English-german dictionary > crack
45 crack

kræk
1. verb
1) (to (cause to) break partly without falling to pieces: The window cracked down the middle.) rajarse, resquebrajarse

2) (to break (open): He cracked the peanuts between his finger and thumb.) abrir, romper, cascar

3) (to make a sudden sharp sound of breaking: The twig cracked as I stepped on it.) crujir, chasquear

4) (to make (a joke): He's always cracking jokes.) contar chistes

5) (to open (a safe) by illegal means.) forzar

6) (to solve (a code).) resolver, descifrar

7) (to give in to torture or similar pressures: The spy finally cracked under their questioning and told them everything he knew.) rendirse, rajarse, sucumbir, caer

2. noun
1) (a split or break: There's a crack in this cup.) grieta, hendidura, raja

2) (a narrow opening: The door opened a crack.) rendija

3) (a sudden sharp sound: the crack of whip.) chasquido

4) (a blow: a crack on the jaw.) golpe

5) (a joke: He made a crack about my big feet.) chiste, chanza

6) (a very addictive drug: He died of too much crack with alcohol) crack,cocaína dura

3. adjective
(expert: a crack racing-driver.) as, de primera categoría, experto

- cracked
- crackdown
- cracker
- crackers
- crack a book
- crack down on
- crack down
- get cracking
- have a crack at
- have a crack

crack¹ n

1. grieta / raja / defecto

there's crack in the wall la pared tiene una grieta

2. estallido / chasquido

the crack of a whip el chasquido de un látigo

a crack of thunder un trueno

3. golpe

a crack on the head un golpe en la cabeza

crack² vb agrietar

this glass is cracked esta copa está agrietada

crack sustantivo masculino (pl
◊ cracks) ( droga) crack

crac o crack sustantivo masculino
1 Fin crash
2 (droga) crack ' crack' also found in these entries: Spanish: abertura - agrietar - agrietarse - boquera - cascar - cascarse - chascar - chasquear - chasquido - chorro - crac - despepitarse - grieta - hendidura - mondarse - raja - rajar - rajarse - rendija - resquebrajarse - roer - rotura - trallazo - traquetear - alba - cortar - crujir - introducir - latigazo - partir - paso - quebradura - quebrar - rayar - resquebrajar - resquicio - romper - trizarse English: crack - crack down - crack up - hairline - nut - crash - fill - poke - split - stop

crack

tr[kræk]

transitive verb

1 (break - cup, glass, etc) rajar; (- bone) fracturar, romper

■ she's cracked a bone in her foot se ha fracturado un hueso del pie

2 (break open - safe) forzar; (- egg) cascar, romper; (- nut) cascar, partir; (- bottle) destapar, abrir, descorchar

3 (hit) pegar, golpear

■ he cracked his head on the pavement se golpeó la cabeza contra el suelo

4 (whip) hacer restallar, hacer chasquear; (knuckles) hacer crujir

5 figurative use (solve - problem) solucionar, resolver, dar con la solución de; (- code) descifrar, dar con

6 (tell - joke) contar

intransitive verb

1 (break - cup, glass) rajarse, resquebrarse; (- rock, plaster, paint, skin) agrietarse; (- lips) partirse, agrietarse

2 (whip) restallar, chasquear; (bone) crujir

3 (voice) cascarse, quebrarse

4 (relationship, system) venirse abajo; (person) sufrir una crisis nerviosa; (witness, suspect, spy) no poder contenerse más, perder el control

noun

1 (in cup, glass) raja; (in ice, wall, ground, pavement, etc) grieta

2 (slit, narrow opening) rendija

3 (of whip) restallido, chasquido; (of shot) estallido; (of thunder) estruendo; (of bone) crujido

4 (blow) golpetazo

5 (wisecrack) réplica aguda, comentario socarrón

6 (attempt) intento

7 figurative use (defect) defecto

8 (drug) crack nombre masculino

adjective

1 (troops, regiment, shot) de primera

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

at the crack of dawn al amanecer

not to be all something is cracked up to be no ser tan bueno,-a como se dice

to crack a smile sonreír

to crack the whip figurative use apretar las clavijas, apretar las tuercas

to get cracking (start working) poner manos a la obra 2 (hurry) moverse

to give somebody a fair crack of the whip darle una oportunidad a alguien

to have a crack at something intentar algo

crack ['kræk] vi

1) : chasquear, restallar

the whip cracked: el látigo restalló

2) split: rajarse, resquebrajarse, agrietarse

3) : quebrarse (dícese de la voz)

crack vt

1) : restallar, chasquear (un látigo, etc.)

2) split: rajar, agrietar, resquebrajar

3) break: romper (un huevo), cascar (nueces), forzar (una caja fuerte)

4) solve: resolver, descifrar (un código)

crack adj

first-rate: buenísimo, de primera

crack n

1) : chasquido m, restallido m, estallido m (de un arma de fuego), crujido m (de huesos)

a crack of thunder: un trueno

2) wisecrack: chiste m, ocurrencia f, salida f

3) crevice: raja f, grieta f, fisura f

4) blow: golpe m

5) attempt: intento m

crack

adj.

• de primera adj.

n.

• abertura s.f.

• chasquido s.m.

• chiste s.m.

• cuchufleta s.f.

• estallido s.m.

• grieta s.f.

• hendidura s.f.

• latigazo s.m.

• quiebra s.f.

• raja s.f.

• rajadura s.f.

• rendija s.f.

• resquicio s.m.

• rompimiento s.m.

• traque s.m.

• traquido s.m.

• trique s.m.

• triquitraque s.m.

v.

• agrietar v.

• agrietarse v.

• cascar v.

• castañetear v.

• chascar v.

• chasquear v.

• desdoblar v.

• estallar v.

• grietarse v.

• partir v.

• quebrantar v.

• rajar v.

• resquebrajar v.

• restallar v.

kræk
I

noun

1) c

a) (in ice, wall, pavement) grieta f; (in glass, china) rajadura f

to paper o paste over the cracks — ponerle* parches al problema (or a la situación etc)

b) (chink, slit) rendija f

2) c (sound - of whip, twig) chasquido m; (- of rifle shot) estallido m; (- of thunder) estruendo m; (- of bones) crujido m

to give somebody a fair crack of the whip — (BrE) darle* todas las oportunidades a alguien

3) c ( blow) golpe m

4) ( instant)

at the crack of dawn — al amanecer, al despuntar el día (liter)

5) c ( attempt) (colloq) intento m

to have a crack at something — intentar algo

6) (colloq) ( wisecrack) comentario m socarrón

7) u ( drug) crack m

II

adjective (before n) < shotoops> de primera

III
1.

transitive verb

1) \<\<cup/glass\>\> rajar; \<\<ground/earth\>\> agrietar, resquebrajar; \<\<skin\>\> agrietar

he cracked a rib — se fracturó una costilla

2)

a) ( break open) \<\<egg\>\> cascar*, romper*; \<\<nut\>\> cascar*, partir; \<\<safe\>\> forzar*; \<\<drugs ring/spy ring\>\> desmantelar, desarticular

to crack a book — (AmE colloq) abrir* un libro

to crack open a bottle — (colloq) abrir* or descorchar una botella

to crack a smile — sonreír*

b) (decipher, solve) \<\<code\>\> descifrar, dar* con; \<\<problem\>\> resolver*

I've cracked it! — (colloq) ya lo tengo!

3) ( make cracking sound with) \<\<whip\>\> (hacer*) chasquear or restallar; \<\<finger/knuckle\>\> hacer* crujir; whip I

4) ( hit sharply) pegar*

5) \<\<joke\>\> (colloq) contar*

2.

vi

1)

a) \<\<cup/glass\>\> rajarse; \<\<rock/paint/skin\>\> agrietarse

b) ( make cracking sound) \<\<whip\>\> chasquear, restallar; \<\<bones/twigs\>\> crujir

c) \<\<voice\>\> quebrarse*

d) ( break down)

she cracked under the strain — sufrió una crisis nerviosa a causa de la tensión

2) (be active, busy)

to get cracking — (colloq) poner(se)* manos a la obra

come on, get cracking! — vamos, muévete! (fam)

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- crack down

- crack up

[kræk]
1. N

1) (=fracture) (in plate, glass) raja f ; (in wall, ceiling, ice) grieta f ; (in skin) grieta f ; (fig) (in system, relationship) grieta f

- paper over the cracks

2) (=slight opening) rendija f

I opened the door a crack — abrí un poquito la puerta

3) (=noise) [of twigs] crujido m ; [of whip] chasquido m ; [of rifle] estampido m, estallido m ; [of thunder] estampido m, estruendo m

- get a fair crack of the whip

- give sb a fair crack of the whip

4) (=blow) golpe m

he got a nasty crack on the head — se llevó un buen golpe en la cabeza

5) * (=attempt) intento m

to have or take a crack at sth — intentar algo

he was anxious to have the first crack at it — estaba deseoso de ser el primero en intentarlo

6) * (=joke, insult) comentario m burlón

he made a silly crack about our new car — hizo un chiste tonto sobre nuestro coche nuevo

7) (=drug) crack m

8)

at the crack of dawn — al romper el alba

I'm not getting up at the crack of dawn! * — ¡no me voy a levantar con el canto del gallo! *

9) * (=fun)

it's good crack — es muy divertido

2.

ADJ [team, sportsperson, troops] de primera

he's a crack shot — es un tirador de primera

3. VT

1) (=break) [+ glass, pottery] rajar; [+ wood, ground, wall] agrietar, resquebrajar; [+ ice] resquebrajar; [+ skin] agrietar; (fig) * [+ person] derrotar

to crack sb's resolve — hacerle perder la determinación a algn

2) (=break open) [+ nut] cascar; [+ egg] cascar, romper; [+ safe] forzar; (fig) * [+ market] entrar en, introducirse en; [+ drugs/spy ring] desarticular

to crack (open) a bottle * — abrir una botella
nut 1., 2)
3) (=hit) golpear

he fell and cracked his head on the pavement — se cayó y se golpeó la cabeza con la acera

4) (=cause to sound) [+ whip] chasquear, restallar; [+ finger joints] hacer crujir

- crack the whip

5) * (=tell) [+ joke] contar

to crack jokes — bromear, contar chistes

6) (=solve) [+ problem, case] resolver; [+ code] descifrar

the police think they've cracked it — la policía cree haberlo resuelto

7)

to crack a smile — sonreír

4. VI

1) (=break) [glass, pottery] rajarse; [wall, wood, ground] agrietarse, resquebrajarse; [ice] resquebrajarse; [skin] agrietarse

2) [voice] (with emotion) quebrarse

3) (=yield, break down) [person] desmoronarse

I thought his nerve would crack — creía que iba a perder el valor

to crack under the strain — [person] desmoronarse bajo la presión, sufrir una crisis nerviosa a cause de la presión; [relationship] desmoronarse; [alliance] desmoronarse or quebrantarse bajo la presión

4) (=make noise) [thunder] retumbar; [whip] chasquear; [dry wood, joints] crujir

5)

to get cracking * — poner manos a la obra

you'd better get cracking — más te vale poner manos a la obra

I promised to get cracking on or with the decorating — le prometí que empezaría a pintar inmediatamente

5.

CPD

crack cocaine N — crack m

crack house N — (Drugs) lugar donde se vende crack or cocaína dura

- crack down

- crack on

- crack up

* * *
[kræk]
I

noun

1) c

a) (in ice, wall, pavement) grieta f; (in glass, china) rajadura f

to paper o paste over the cracks — ponerle* parches al problema (or a la situación etc)

b) (chink, slit) rendija f

2) c (sound - of whip, twig) chasquido m; (- of rifle shot) estallido m; (- of thunder) estruendo m; (- of bones) crujido m

to give somebody a fair crack of the whip — (BrE) darle* todas las oportunidades a alguien

3) c ( blow) golpe m

4) ( instant)

at the crack of dawn — al amanecer, al despuntar el día (liter)

5) c ( attempt) (colloq) intento m

to have a crack at something — intentar algo

6) (colloq) ( wisecrack) comentario m socarrón

7) u ( drug) crack m

II

adjective (before n) <shot/troops> de primera

III
1.

transitive verb

1) \<\<cup/glass\>\> rajar; \<\<ground/earth\>\> agrietar, resquebrajar; \<\<skin\>\> agrietar

he cracked a rib — se fracturó una costilla

2)

a) ( break open) \<\<egg\>\> cascar*, romper*; \<\<nut\>\> cascar*, partir; \<\<safe\>\> forzar*; \<\<drugs ring/spy ring\>\> desmantelar, desarticular

to crack a book — (AmE colloq) abrir* un libro

to crack open a bottle — (colloq) abrir* or descorchar una botella

to crack a smile — sonreír*

b) (decipher, solve) \<\<code\>\> descifrar, dar* con; \<\<problem\>\> resolver*

I've cracked it! — (colloq) ya lo tengo!

3) ( make cracking sound with) \<\<whip\>\> (hacer*) chasquear or restallar; \<\<finger/knuckle\>\> hacer* crujir; whip I

4) ( hit sharply) pegar*

5) \<\<joke\>\> (colloq) contar*

2.

vi

1)

a) \<\<cup/glass\>\> rajarse; \<\<rock/paint/skin\>\> agrietarse

b) ( make cracking sound) \<\<whip\>\> chasquear, restallar; \<\<bones/twigs\>\> crujir

c) \<\<voice\>\> quebrarse*

d) ( break down)

she cracked under the strain — sufrió una crisis nerviosa a causa de la tensión

2) (be active, busy)

to get cracking — (colloq) poner(se)* manos a la obra

come on, get cracking! — vamos, muévete! (fam)

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- crack down

- crack up

English-spanish dictionary > crack
46 FSC

1) Общая лексика: foreign sales corporation, federal supply classification

2) Компьютерная техника: Fujitsu Siemens Computer

3) Медицина: forward side scatter (проточная цитометрия)

4) Спорт: Factor Score Coefficients, Florida Ski Council

5) Военный термин: Federal Supply Category, Field Service Company, Field Simulation Center, Fire Support Coordination, Fleet Satellite Communications, Force Structure Conference, Forces Structure Committee, Forces Study Center, Future Sailor Cabinet, family services center, federal stock catalog, federal stock class, federal stock control, federal supply catalog, federal supply code, fire support center, fire support coordinator, first-strike capability, flight service center, flying status code, food service center, foreign service credits, forward scatter, forward support company, Форум по сотрудничеству в области безопасности

6) Техника: fault simulation comparator, feature space classifier, fixed silicon capacitor, flexible shielded cable

7) Юридический термин: Forum Selection Clause

8) Бухгалтерия: иностранная экспортная компания (foreign sales corporation)

9) Биржевой термин: Federal Stock Classification, Financial Status Category

10) Лесоводство: Forest Stewardship Council

11) Сокращение: Facilities Service Center, Federal Supply Classification (USA), Federal Supreme Court, Field Standard C (British Army), Forest Stewardship Council (environmental compliance ratings), Fuel Savings Computer, Full-Service Contractor, fail-safe concept, full scale, Future Surface Combatant (Formerly Future Escort; UK Royal Navy), ЛПС (Forest Stewardship Council - Лесной попечительский совет)

12) Университет: Factor Score Coefficient, Family School Connection

13) Физиология: Fracture, Simple Comminuted

14) Вычислительная техника: Fujitsu Siemens Computer (Hersteller)

15) Нефть: fail safe controller, fail-safe close valve, принцип сохранения работоспособности при отказе отдельных элементов (fail-safe concept)

16) Иммунология: free secretory component, прямое светорассеяние

17) Фирменный знак: Filing Services Canada, Five Star Construction, Food Supplement Company, Free Spirit Comics, Fujitsu Siemens Computers

18) Деловая лексика: Financial Services Commission, Комиссия по финансовым услугам

19) Нефтегазовая техника закрывающийся предохранительный

20) Сахалин Ю: fail safe control

21) Нефть и газ: fail safe closed

22) Военно-политический термин: Forum for Security Cooperation

23) Должность: Forest Stewardship Certification

24) Международная торговля: Fuel Surcharge

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > FSC
47 SSC

1) Общая лексика: Secondary School Certificate (Bangladesh), Small-scale contingency (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/ssc.htm)

2) Биология: sodium chloride + sodium citrate

3) Медицина: side scatter (проточная цитометрия)

4) Американизм: Short Service Commission

5) Латинский язык: Societas Sanctae Crucis

6) Военный термин: Coastal Submarine, SAGE sector commander, Sea Systems Command, Signal Support Company, Silent Sneaky Communications, Slow Survivable Combat, Soldier Support Center, Space Surveillance Center, Surface Support Craft, secondary strike capacity, senior service college, short service commissions, site selection criteria, software support center, special security command, squadron supervisory console, squadron support center, standard systems center, stores stock catalog, supply and service company, supply status code, supply support center, systems support center

7) Техника: SCSI-3 stream commands, Space Shuttle computer, safe shutdown component, sensor signal conditioner, shipboard satellite communications system, short segmented cask, simulated surveillance capsule, single-silk covered, solid-state circuit, space suit communicator, spacecraft system console, standing steering committee, super system code, sync source control, датчик SSC (устанавливается в пазах статора)

8) Сельское хозяйство: The Seed Swap Club

9) Железнодорожный термин: Southern Switching Company

10) Юридический термин: Safety Security And Communications, Safety Service Center

11) Экономика: Shared Services Centers, Общие центры обслуживания

12) Страхование: Social Security Commission

13) Грубое выражение: Safe Sane Consensual, Submissive Sensual Correction

14) Дипломатический термин: diesel-powered cruise missile submarine

15) Оптика: superconducting supercollider

16) Телекоммуникации: Service Shortcut Changer

17) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Submarine, coastal, Solicitor to the Supreme Court, Solid-state Scanner, Staff Selection Committee, Standard Systems Centre, State Services Commission, Superconducting Super Collider

18) Университет: Science Standardization Committee, Speaking Society Club, Student Success Celebration

19) Физиология: Size, Shape, and Consistency

20) Вычислительная техника: Specialized Systems Consultants, Security Support Component (NGSCB, TCP), SCSI Stream Commands (SAM, SCSI)

21) Нефть: sulphide stress corrosion

22) Генетика: Раствор цитрата и хлорида натрия (применяемый в ряде генетических методик (например, при С-бэндинге); 2SSC - 17,5 г NaCl и 8,8 г Na3C6H5O72H2O на 1 л воды)

23) Иммунология: боковое светорассеяние

24) Космонавтика: Stellar Simulation Complex, Swedish Space Corporation

25) Банковское дело: сертификат мелкого вкладчика (США; small saver certificate)

26) Транспорт: Speed Spin And Control

27) Фирменный знак: South Sea Company

28) СМИ: Short Story Collection, Silent Speaker Chamber

29) Деловая лексика: Systems Structures And Components

30) Образование: School Site Council

31) Инвестиции: small saver certificate

32) Сетевые технологии: Secured Smartcard Channel, Structure Server Component

33) Программирование: Slot Size Code

34) Контроль качества: Supplier Support Committee

35) Сахалин Р: ( Offshore) Statutory Safety Committee

36) Сахалин Ю: sulphide stress cracking

37) Сахалин А: statutory safety committee

38) Химическое оружие: safety support contractor, site security center

39) SAP.тех. управление последовательностью экранов

40) Нефть и газ: sulfide stress corrosion cracking, подкомитет акционеров, shareholders' subcommittee

41) HR. Комиссия по отбору персонала (STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION)

42) Электротехника: single silk covered, solid state control, steady-state conditions

43) Фантастика Shattered Star Confederation

44) Снабжение: безопасность цепочки поставок (Security Supply Chain)

45) NYSE. Sunshine Mining & Refining Company

46) Международная торговля: Safe Sane And Consensual

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SSC
48 ssc

1) Общая лексика: Secondary School Certificate (Bangladesh), Small-scale contingency (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/ssc.htm)

2) Биология: sodium chloride + sodium citrate

3) Медицина: side scatter (проточная цитометрия)

4) Американизм: Short Service Commission

5) Латинский язык: Societas Sanctae Crucis

6) Военный термин: Coastal Submarine, SAGE sector commander, Sea Systems Command, Signal Support Company, Silent Sneaky Communications, Slow Survivable Combat, Soldier Support Center, Space Surveillance Center, Surface Support Craft, secondary strike capacity, senior service college, short service commissions, site selection criteria, software support center, special security command, squadron supervisory console, squadron support center, standard systems center, stores stock catalog, supply and service company, supply status code, supply support center, systems support center

7) Техника: SCSI-3 stream commands, Space Shuttle computer, safe shutdown component, sensor signal conditioner, shipboard satellite communications system, short segmented cask, simulated surveillance capsule, single-silk covered, solid-state circuit, space suit communicator, spacecraft system console, standing steering committee, super system code, sync source control, датчик SSC (устанавливается в пазах статора)

8) Сельское хозяйство: The Seed Swap Club

9) Железнодорожный термин: Southern Switching Company

10) Юридический термин: Safety Security And Communications, Safety Service Center

11) Экономика: Shared Services Centers, Общие центры обслуживания

12) Страхование: Social Security Commission

13) Грубое выражение: Safe Sane Consensual, Submissive Sensual Correction

14) Дипломатический термин: diesel-powered cruise missile submarine

15) Оптика: superconducting supercollider

16) Телекоммуникации: Service Shortcut Changer

17) Сокращение: (type abbreviation) Submarine, coastal, Solicitor to the Supreme Court, Solid-state Scanner, Staff Selection Committee, Standard Systems Centre, State Services Commission, Superconducting Super Collider

18) Университет: Science Standardization Committee, Speaking Society Club, Student Success Celebration

19) Физиология: Size, Shape, and Consistency

20) Вычислительная техника: Specialized Systems Consultants, Security Support Component (NGSCB, TCP), SCSI Stream Commands (SAM, SCSI)

21) Нефть: sulphide stress corrosion

22) Генетика: Раствор цитрата и хлорида натрия (применяемый в ряде генетических методик (например, при С-бэндинге); 2SSC - 17,5 г NaCl и 8,8 г Na3C6H5O72H2O на 1 л воды)

23) Иммунология: боковое светорассеяние

24) Космонавтика: Stellar Simulation Complex, Swedish Space Corporation

25) Банковское дело: сертификат мелкого вкладчика (США; small saver certificate)

26) Транспорт: Speed Spin And Control

27) Фирменный знак: South Sea Company

28) СМИ: Short Story Collection, Silent Speaker Chamber

29) Деловая лексика: Systems Structures And Components

30) Образование: School Site Council

31) Инвестиции: small saver certificate

32) Сетевые технологии: Secured Smartcard Channel, Structure Server Component

33) Программирование: Slot Size Code

34) Контроль качества: Supplier Support Committee

35) Сахалин Р: ( Offshore) Statutory Safety Committee

36) Сахалин Ю: sulphide stress cracking

37) Сахалин А: statutory safety committee

38) Химическое оружие: safety support contractor, site security center

39) SAP.тех. управление последовательностью экранов

40) Нефть и газ: sulfide stress corrosion cracking, подкомитет акционеров, shareholders' subcommittee

41) HR. Комиссия по отбору персонала (STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION)

42) Электротехника: single silk covered, solid state control, steady-state conditions

43) Фантастика Shattered Star Confederation

44) Снабжение: безопасность цепочки поставок (Security Supply Chain)

45) NYSE. Sunshine Mining & Refining Company

46) Международная торговля: Safe Sane And Consensual

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ssc
49 crack

I 1. [kræk]
nome

1) (in varnish) screpolatura f.; (in wall, cup, mirror, ground) crepa f., incrinatura f. (anche fig.); (in bone) incrinatura f.

2) (narrow opening) (in rock) crepa f., fenditura f.; (in door, curtains) fessura f., spiraglio m.

to open the door a crack — aprire appena la porta

3) (drug) (anche crack cocaine) crack m.

4) (noise) (of twig, bone) scricchiolio m., scrocchio m.; (of whip) schiocco m.; (of shot) schianto m., scoppio m.

5) colloq. (attempt) prova f., tentativo m.

to have a crack at doing — tentare di fare

to have a crack at — fare il tentativo di conquistare [ title]; cercare di battere [ record]

6) colloq. (jibe) battuta f., frecciata f. ( about su); (joke) motto m. di spirito, barzelletta f. ( about su)

a cheap crack — una barzelletta di cattivo gusto
2.
aggettivo attrib. [ player] di prim'ordine, eccellente; [troops, shot] ottimo

••

to have a fair crack of the whip — avere un'ottima chance
II 1. [kræk]
verbo transitivo

1) (make a crack in) (fare) incrinare [mirror, bone, wall, cup]; (make fine cracks in) (fare) screpolare [ varnish]

2) (break) schiacciare [ nut]; rompere [egg, casing]

to crack a safe — forzare una cassaforte

to crack sth. open — aprire qcs.

to crack one's head open — colloq. rompersi la testa

3) (solve) risolvere [ problem]; decifrare [ code]

I've cracked it — colloq. ci sono arrivato, ho capito

4) (make cracking sound with) schioccare [ whip]; fare schioccare, fare scrocchiare [ knuckles]

to crack sb. on the head — colpire qcn. alla testa

to crack one's head on sth. — picchiare la testa su qcs.

to crack the whip — fig. farsi sentire

5) (overcome) spezzare, sconfiggere [defences, opposition]

6)

to crack a joke — raccontare una barzelletta, fare una battuta
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) (develop cracks) [ bone] incrinarsi; [mirror, cup, wall, ice] incrinarsi, creparsi, spaccarsi; [ varnish] creparsi, screpolarsi; [ skin] screpolarsi; [ ground] fendersi

2) (cease to resist) [ person] cedere, crollare

he cracks under pressure — crolla se si trova sotto pressione

3) (make sharp sound) [knuckles, twig] schioccare, scrocchiare; [ whip] schioccare

4) [ voice] rompersi, incrinarsi

•

- crack down

- crack up

••

not all o not as good as it's cracked up to be non così bravo come tutti dicevano; to get cracking — darsi da fare, muoversi

* * *
[kræk] 1. verb
1) (to (cause to) break partly without falling to pieces: The window cracked down the middle.) rompersi, incrinarsi

2) (to break (open): He cracked the peanuts between his finger and thumb.) schiacciare, spaccare

3) (to make a sudden sharp sound of breaking: The twig cracked as I stepped on it.) rompersi

4) (to make (a joke): He's always cracking jokes.) raccontare

5) (to open (a safe) by illegal means.) scassinare

6) (to solve (a code).) decifrare

7) (to give in to torture or similar pressures: The spy finally cracked under their questioning and told them everything he knew.) cedere
2. noun
1) (a split or break: There's a crack in this cup.) incrinatura

2) (a narrow opening: The door opened a crack.) fessura

3) (a sudden sharp sound: the crack of whip.) schiocco

4) (a blow: a crack on the jaw.) colpo, botta

5) (a joke: He made a crack about my big feet.) battuta

6) (a very addictive drug: He died of too much crack with alcohol) crack
3. adjective
(expert: a crack racing-driver.) formidabile

- cracked
- crackdown
- cracker
- crackers
- crack a book
- crack down on
- crack down
- get cracking
- have a crack at
- have a crack
* * *
crack (1) /kræk/
A n.

1 crac; schianto; schiocco; detonazione; colpo: the crack of a whip, lo schiocco d'una frusta

2 fessura; fenditura; incrinatura; crepa; screpolatura: The vase has a crack in it, il vaso ha un'incrinatura; The windscreen of that car is full of cracks, il parabrezza di quella macchina è tutto incrinato; Open the window just a crack, please, per favore, fa' una fessura (o uno spiraglio) alla finestra; a crack in the ice, una crepa nel ghiaccio

3 forte colpo; botta; percossa: He gave me a crack on the head, mi diede una botta sulla testa (o uno scappellotto)

4 [u] il mutare della voce ( per raucedine, emozione, o durante la pubertà): crack-voiced, dalla voce fessa

5 (fam., = wisecrack) battuta (di spirito); frizzo

6 attimo; istante: in a crack, in un attimo

7 (fam., sport, = crack player) asso; campione; fuoriclasse

8 ( slang) effrazione; furto con scasso

9 (solo sing.) ( slang) tentativo; prova: to have (o to take) a crack at st., tentare di fare qc.

10 (metall.) cricca

11 (ipp.) crack; cavallo di prim'ordine

12 [u] ( droga, = crack cocaine) crack

13 (solo sing.) (fam.) opportunità; occasione

14 [u] (fam. irl., anche craic) spasso; divertimento: just for the crack, soltanto per divertirsi; per gioco

15 (dial. scozz.) chiacchierata

16 ( Internet) crack (intrusione illegale in un sistema informatico oppure la disattivazione dei meccanismi di protezione di un software)

B a. (fam.)

1 di prim'ordine; eccellente; ottimo; fuoriclasse; formidabile (fam.): He's a crack shot, è un tiratore formidabile

2 (mil., sport) scelto; speciale: a crack regiment, un reggimento scelto; crack police force, reparto speciale di polizia ( ben addestrato, ecc.)

● crack-brain, scemo; matto □ crack-brained, bizzarro, strambo; tocco; picchiatello; pazzesco: a crack-brained plan, un progetto pazzesco □ ( droga) crack cocaine, crack □ crack house, locale dove si può consumare o comprare crack ( la droga) □ (antiq., scherz.) the crack of doom, il giorno del Giudizio Universale □ (fam.) a crack shot, un gran tiratore; un tiratore infallibile □ at the crack of dawn (o of day), all'alba; allo spuntar del giorno □ (fam. GB) a fair crack of the whip, l'opportunità di poter fare qualcosa □ (fig.) to paper over the cracks, coprire (o mascherare) i difetti □ (fam. USA) to slip (o to fall) through the cracks, andare perso; venir trascurato.
crack (2) /kræk/
inter.

crac!; bum!; pum!
♦ (to) crack /kræk/
A v. i.

1 incrinarsi; creparsi; screpolarsi; fendersi; spaccarsi: Suddenly the ice cracked, all'improvviso il ghiaccio s'incrinò; The enamel had cracked, lo smalto si era screpolato; Their marriage is starting to crack, il loro matrimonio si sta incrinando

2 cedere (psicologicamente); crollare: to crack under the strain, crollare per la tensione; The prisoner cracked under torture, messo alla tortura, il prigioniero è crollato

3 crepitare; ( di frusta) schioccare; ( di giunture) scrocchiare: The machine guns were cracking, le mitragliatrici crepitavano

4 urtare, sbattere ( con un rumore secco)

5 ( della voce) incrinarsi; rompersi

6 (fam. USA) andare a una festa senza avere l'invito

7 (chim.) subire la piroscissione

B v. t.

1 rompere; schiacciare: to crack an egg, rompere un uovo; to crack nuts, rompere, schiacciare noci

2 far crollare ( psicologicamente)

3 (far) schioccare; (far) scrocchiare: to crack the whip, schioccare la frusta; to crack one's finger joints, far scrocchiare le dita

4 (far) incrinare; far screpolare; far crepare: to crack a vase, incrinare un vaso; The heat has cracked the paint, il calore ha fatto screpolare la vernice

5 spezzare; sconfiggere: to crack an opponent's resistance, spezzare la resistenza di un avversario

6 urtare, picchiare, sbattere ( con un rumore secco): to crack one's head on the floor, picchiare la testa sul pavimento

7 colpire; picchiare: to crack sb. over his head, colpire q. sulla testa

8 risolvere ( un problema, un caso, ecc.); decifrare ( un codice, ecc.); sbrogliare ( una difficoltà)

9 (fam.) stappare (o aprire) e bere: to crack a beer, aprire una birra; to crack a bottle with sb., bere una bottiglia con q.

10 forzare, scassinare ( una cassaforte)

11 (fam.) riuscire a entrare in; sfondare: ( di libro, disco, ecc.) to crack the top list, piazzarsi fra i primi; sfondare; to crack the most exclusive literary circles in London, riuscire a entrare (o a sfondare) nei circoli letterari più chiusi di Londra

12 (chim.) scindere; sottoporre a piroscissione

13 ( Internet) infrangere la sicurezza, accedere e usare illegalmente ( sistemi o programmi protetti); craccare ( gergo)

● to crack a joke, raccontare una barzelletta; fare una battuta □ (fam.) to crack a smile, aprirsi in un sorriso □ (fam. USA) to crack a book, aprire un libro ( per studiare) □ (fam.) to crack open, aprire; ( anche) demolire ( una tesi, ecc.) □ (fig.) to crack the whip, schioccare la frusta (fig.); farsi sentire (fig.); farsi obbedire □ (fam. USA) to crack wise, fare lo spiritoso; dire spiritosaggini □ (fam.) to get cracking, darsi da fare; muoversi; darsi una mossa; darci dentro; DIALOGO → - Coursework- I need to get cracking on the coursework this weekend, mi devo mettere sotto con il compito nel fine settimana.

* * *
I 1. [kræk]
nome

1) (in varnish) screpolatura f.; (in wall, cup, mirror, ground) crepa f., incrinatura f. (anche fig.); (in bone) incrinatura f.

2) (narrow opening) (in rock) crepa f., fenditura f.; (in door, curtains) fessura f., spiraglio m.

to open the door a crack — aprire appena la porta

3) (drug) (anche crack cocaine) crack m.

4) (noise) (of twig, bone) scricchiolio m., scrocchio m.; (of whip) schiocco m.; (of shot) schianto m., scoppio m.

5) colloq. (attempt) prova f., tentativo m.

to have a crack at doing — tentare di fare

to have a crack at — fare il tentativo di conquistare [ title]; cercare di battere [ record]

6) colloq. (jibe) battuta f., frecciata f. ( about su); (joke) motto m. di spirito, barzelletta f. ( about su)

a cheap crack — una barzelletta di cattivo gusto
2.
aggettivo attrib. [ player] di prim'ordine, eccellente; [troops, shot] ottimo

••

to have a fair crack of the whip — avere un'ottima chance
II 1. [kræk]
verbo transitivo

1) (make a crack in) (fare) incrinare [mirror, bone, wall, cup]; (make fine cracks in) (fare) screpolare [ varnish]

2) (break) schiacciare [ nut]; rompere [egg, casing]

to crack a safe — forzare una cassaforte

to crack sth. open — aprire qcs.

to crack one's head open — colloq. rompersi la testa

3) (solve) risolvere [ problem]; decifrare [ code]

I've cracked it — colloq. ci sono arrivato, ho capito

4) (make cracking sound with) schioccare [ whip]; fare schioccare, fare scrocchiare [ knuckles]

to crack sb. on the head — colpire qcn. alla testa

to crack one's head on sth. — picchiare la testa su qcs.

to crack the whip — fig. farsi sentire

5) (overcome) spezzare, sconfiggere [defences, opposition]

6)

to crack a joke — raccontare una barzelletta, fare una battuta
2.
verbo intransitivo

1) (develop cracks) [ bone] incrinarsi; [mirror, cup, wall, ice] incrinarsi, creparsi, spaccarsi; [ varnish] creparsi, screpolarsi; [ skin] screpolarsi; [ ground] fendersi

2) (cease to resist) [ person] cedere, crollare

he cracks under pressure — crolla se si trova sotto pressione

3) (make sharp sound) [knuckles, twig] schioccare, scrocchiare; [ whip] schioccare

4) [ voice] rompersi, incrinarsi

•

- crack down

- crack up

••

not all o not as good as it's cracked up to be non così bravo come tutti dicevano; to get cracking — darsi da fare, muoversi

English-Italian dictionary > crack
50 break

breik
1. past tense - broke; verb
1) (to divide into two or more parts (by force).) romper, quebrar

2) ((usually with off/away) to separate (a part) from the whole (by force).) partir

3) (to make or become unusable.) romper

4) (to go against, or not act according to (the law etc): He broke his appointment at the last minute.) quebrantar, infringir; cancelar

5) (to do better than (a sporting etc record).) batir

6) (to interrupt: She broke her journey in London.) interrumpir

7) (to put an end to: He broke the silence.) romper

8) (to make or become known: They gently broke the news of his death to his wife.) anunciar, comunicar, hacer público

9) ((of a boy's voice) to fall in pitch.) mudar, cambiar

10) (to soften the effect of (a fall, the force of the wind etc).) amortiguar

11) (to begin: The storm broke before they reached shelter.) romper, estallar, desatarse

2. noun
1) (a pause: a break in the conversation.) interrupción, pausa

2) (a change: a break in the weather.) cambio

3) (an opening.) abertura, grieta

4) (a chance or piece of (good or bad) luck: This is your big break.) oportunidad

•

- breakable

3. noun
((usually in plural) something likely to break.) objeto frágil

- breakage
- breaker
- breakdown
- break-in
- breakneck
- breakout
- breakthrough
- breakwater
- break away
- break down
- break into
- break in
- break loose
- break off
- break out
- break out in
- break the ice
- break up
- make a break for it

break¹ n

1. descanso / pausa / recreo

what about a short break? ¿qué os parece una pausa?

2. vacaciones (cortas)

I need a break necesito unas vacaciones

3. ruptura

the break with her husband was difficult la ruptura con su marido fue difícil

4. fractura / rotura

it was a bad break and he had to go into hospital era una rotura grave y tuvieron que ingresarlo

break² vb

1. romper / romperse

he dropped the cup and it broke se le cayó la taza y se rompió

she broke her leg se rompió la pierna

2. partir

I broke the loaf of bread in half partí la barra de pan por la mitad

3. batir

she broke the world record batió el récord mundial

4. faltar a / no cumplir

you broke your promise faltaste a tu palabra

5. infringir

that is breaking the law eso es infringir la ley

El pasado de break es broke y el participio pasado es broken

break

tr[breɪk]

noun

1 (in leg etc) rotura

2 (in relationship) ruptura

3 (in meeting) descanso, pausa; (in broadcast) interrupción nombre femenino; (at school) recreo

4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (billiards, snooker) tacada

5 SMALLMETEOROLOGY/SMALL (in clouds) claro; (in weather) cambio

6 (chance) oportunidad nombre femenino

7 (on stock exchange) baja

8 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (tennis) break nombre masculino

9 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (jazz) break nombre masculino

10 (in voice) gallo

transitive verb (pt broke tr[brəʊk], pp broken tr['brəʊkən])

1 romper

2 (record) batir

3 (promise, word) faltar a

4 (law, contract) violar, infringir

5 (news) comunicar

6 (code) descifrar

7 (mystery, case) resolver

8 (fall) amortiguar

9 (journey) interrumpir

10 (tame) domar

11 SMALLELECTRICITY/SMALL (circuit) cortar, interrumpir

intransitive verb

1 romperse

2 (storm) estallar

3 (stock exchange) bajar

4 (meeting, session) parar

5 (disperse) dispersarse

6 (voice) cambiar

7 (health) quebrantarse

8 (spot, abcess) reventar

9 (waves) romper, reventar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to break cover salir al descubierto

to break even salir sin ganar ni perder

to break free evadirse

to break ground figurative use abrirse un nuevo camino

to break somebody's heart partir el corazón a alguien

to break into song ponerse a cantar

to break it off terminar una relación

to break the ice figurative use romper el hielo

to break one's neck (in fall etc) desnucarse 2 (make a great effort) matarse

to break one's word no cumplir su palabra

to break open abrir forzando

to break out in spots salirle a uno granos

to break ranks SMALLMILITARY/SMALL romper filas

to break somebody's neck figurative use (assault) romperle el hocico a alguien

to break the back of a job haber hecho la parte más difícil de un trabajo

to break the bank hacer quebrar la banca

to break a strike romper una huelga

to break something to pieces hacer algo añicos

to give somebody a break dar una oportunidad a alguien

to make a break for it intentar fugarse

it's make or break time es la hora de la verdad

to take a break tomarse una pausa, tomarse un descanso

break it up! (in fight) ¡basta ya!

without a break sin descansar, sin parar

at break of day al amanecer

break ['breɪk] v, broke ['bro:k] ; broken ['bro:kə n] ; breaking vt

1) smash: romper, quebrar

2) violate: infringir, violar, romper

3) surpass: batir, superar

4) crush, ruin: arruinar, deshacer, destrozar

to break one's spirit: quebrantar su espíritu

5) : dar, comunicar

to break the news: dar las noticias

6) interrupt: cortar, interrumpir

break vi

1) : romperse, quebrarse

my calculator broke: se me rompió la calculadora

2) disperse: dispersarse, despejarse

3) : estallar (dícese de una tormenta), romper (dícese del día)

4) change: cambiar (dícese del tiempo o de la voz)

5) decrease: bajar

my fever broke: me bajó la fiebre

6) : divulgarse, revelarse

the news broke: la noticia se divulgó

7)

to break into : forzar, abrir

8)

to break out of : escaparse de

9)

to break through : penetrar

break n

1) : ruptura f, rotura f, fractura f (de un hueso), claro m (entre las nubes), cambio m (del tiempo)

2) chance: oportunidad f

a lucky break: un golpe de suerte

3) rest: descanso m

to take a break: tomar(se) un descanso

break (Aside, Theater)

n.

• aparte s.m. (Clearing)

n.

• claro s.m. (Communications)

n.

• pausa s.f.

• punto s.m.

n.

• abertura s.f.

• quebrantamiento s.m.

• quiebra s.f.

• rompimiento s.m.

• rotura s.f.

• ruptura s.f.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: broke, broken) = arruinar v.

• cascar v.

• deshacer v.

(§pres: -hago, -haces...) pret: -hic-

pp: -hecho

fut/c: -har-•)

• despedazar v.

• desvencijar v.

• domar v.

• estropear v.

• interrumpir (Teléfono) v.

• parar v.

• partir v.

• quebrantar v.

• quebrar v.

• romper v.

• trincar v.

I
1. breɪk
(past broke; past p broken) transitive verb

1) \<\<window/plate\>\> romper*; \<\<stick\>\> partir, romper*, quebrar* (AmL)

I've broken my pencil — se me ha roto la punta del lápiz

he broke his wrist — se rompió la muñeca

she broke the chocolate into four pieces — partió el chocolate en cuatro trozos

2) ( render useless) \<\<machine\>\> romper*, descomponer* (AmL)

3) ( violate) \<\<rule\>\> infringir*, violar; \<\<promise\>\> no cumplir, faltar a; \<\<contract\>\> incumplir, romper*; \<\<strike\>\> romper*; law 1) b), word I 3)

4) ( end) \<\<strike\>\> poner* fin a; \<\<drug ring\>\> desarticular; \<\<impasse\>\> salir* de; \<\<habit\>\> dejar

5)

a) ( ruin) \<\<person/company\>\> arruinar a

b) ( crush) \<\<person\>\> destrozar*, deshacer*; heart 2), spirit I 3), will II 1) b)

6) ( impart)

to break something (to somebody): Sue broke the news to him Sue le dio la noticia; they broke it to her gently — se lo dijeron con mucho tacto

7) ( exceed) \<\<record\>\> batir

8)

a) ( interrupt) \<\<circuit\>\> cortar; \<\<fast/silence\>\> romper*

b) ( disrupt) \<\<pattern/monotony\>\> romper*

9) (breach, pierce) \<\<soil\>\> roturar

I haven't broken the skin — no me he abierto la piel

10)

a) ( get into) \<\<safe\>\> forzar*

we broke the toolbox open — abrimos la caja de herramientas forzándola

b) ( escape from) (AmE) \<\<jail\>\> escaparse or fugarse* de

c) ( decipher) \<\<code\>\> descifrar

11) ( tame) \<\<horse\>\> domar

2.

break vi

1)

a) \<\<window/plate\>\> romperse*; \<\<stick\>\> partirse, romperse*, quebrarse* (AmL)

my watch broke — se me rompió el reloj

b) ( separate)

a splinter group which broke from the party — un grupo disidente que se escindió del partido; loose I 2)

2) ( give in) \<\<resistance\>\> desmoronarse, venirse* abajo

she broke under constant interrogation — no resistió el constante interrogatorio

3)

a) ( begin) \<\<storm\>\> estallar; \<\<day\>\> romper*, apuntar, despuntar

b) ( change) \<\<weather\>\> cambiar

his voice is breaking — le está cambiando or mudando la voz

his voice broke — ( with emotion) se le entrecortó la voz

c) ( become known) \<\<story\>\> hacerse* público

4) \<\<wave/surf\>\> romper*

5) ( adjourn) parar, hacer* una pausa

to break for lunch — parar para almorzar

6) ( happen) (AmE colloq)

things are breaking well for me — me están saliendo bien las cosas; even II 2)

7) (in snooker, pool) abrir* el juego

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- break away

- break down

- break in

- break into

- break off

- break out

- break through

- break up

- break with

II

noun

1)

a) (Rad, TV) pausa f (comercial); ( Theat) entreacto m, intermedio m

b) ( rest period) descanso m; ( at school) (BrE) recreo m

we have a coffee break at 11 — a las 11 paramos para tomar un café

we worked without a break — trabajamos sin parar or descansar

c) ( short vacation) vacaciones fpl

d) (change, respite) cambio m

I need a break from all this — necesito descansar de todo esto; ( a holiday) necesito un cambio de aires

give me a break! — (colloq) déjame en paz!, no me embromes! (AmL fam)

2)

a) ( gap) interrupción f

b) ( in circuit) ruptura f, corte m

3) ( fracture) fractura f, rotura f

4) (chance, opportunity) (colloq) oportunidad f

he got a break — se le presentó una oportunidad

5) (separation, rift) ruptura f

to make a clean break — cortar por lo sano

he made a break with his past life — rompió or cortó con su pasado

6) ( sudden move)

he made a break for the door — corrió hacia la puerta

7) ( escape) fuga f, evasión f (frml)

8) (in snooker, pool) tacada f, serie f; ( in tennis) ruptura f, quiebre m

9) ( beginning) (liter)

at (the) break of day — al rayar el alba (liter)

10) ( discount) (AmE colloq) descuento m

[breɪk] (vb: pt broke) (pp broken)
1. N

1) (=fracture) rotura f ; (in bone) fractura f ; (fig) (in relationship) ruptura f

to make a break with — romper con

2) (=gap) (in wall etc) abertura f, brecha f ; (=crack) grieta f ; (Typ) (on paper etc) espacio m, blanco m ; (Elec) (in circuit) corte m

• a break in the clouds — un claro entre las nubes

3) (=pause) (in conversation) interrupción f, pausa f ; (in journey) descanso m, pausa f ; (=stop) parada f ; (=holiday) vacaciones fpl ; (=rest) descanso m ; (=tea break) descanso m para tomar el té, once(s) f(pl) (LAm); (Brit) (Scol) recreo m

• a break in continuity — una solución de continuidad

• give me a break! — ¡dame un respiro!; (impatient) ¡déjame, anda!

• to have or take a break — descansar, tomarse un descanso

to take a weekend break — hacer una escapada de fin de semana

• with a break in her voice — con la voz entrecortada

• a break in the weather — un cambio del tiempo

• without a break — sin descanso or descansar

4) * (=chance) oportunidad f

• to give sb a break — dar una oportunidad a algn

• lucky break — golpe m de suerte, racha f de buena suerte

5) (=break-out) fuga f

• to make a break for it * — tratar de fugarse

6)

• at break of day — liter al amanecer

7) (Tennis) ruptura f

• two breaks of service — dos servicios rotos

8) (Billiards, Snooker) tacada f, serie f

9) (=vehicle) break m, volanta f (LAm)

2. VT

1) (=smash) [+ glass etc] romper; [+ branch, stick] romper, quebrar (LAm); [+ ground] roturar; [+ code] descifrar; [+ conspiracy] deshacer; [+ drugs ring etc] desarticular

• to break one's back — romperse la columna

I'm not going to break my back to finish it today — no me voy a matar para terminarlo hoy

• to break sb's heart — romper or partir el corazón a algn

• to break one's leg — romperse la pierna

break a leg! * — (Theat) ¡buena suerte!

• to break surface — [submarine, diver] emerger, salir a la superficie

- break the ice
spirit 1., 3)
2) (=surpass) [+ record] batir, superar

3) (=fail to observe) [+ law, rule] violar, quebrantar; [+ appointment] no acudir a

he broke his word/promise — faltó a su palabra/promesa

to break a date — faltar a una cita

4) (=weaken, destroy) [+ resistance, spirits] quebrantar, quebrar (LAm); [+ health] quebrantar; [+ strike] romper, quebrar (LAm); [+ habit] perder; [+ horse] domar, amansar; [+ bank] (in gambling) quebrar, hacer quebrar; [+ person] (financially) arruinar; (morally) abatir, vencer

• to break sb of a habit — quitar una costumbre a algn

5) (=interrupt) [+ silence, spell] romper; [+ journey] interrumpir; [+ electrical circuit] cortar, interrumpir

6) (=soften) [+ force] mitigar, contener; [+ impact, fall] amortiguar

7) (=disclose) [+ news] comunicar (to a)

8) (=leave)

• to break camp — levantar el campamento

• to break cover — salir al descubierto

• to break ranks — romper filas

9)

• to break sb's serve or service — (Tennis) romper el servicio de algn

10) (Naut) [+ flag] desplegar

11) (US)
*
can you break me a 100-dollar bill? — ¿me puede cambiar un billete de 100 dólares?

3. VI

1) (=smash) [window, glass] romperse; (into pieces) hacerse pedazos

2) (=be fractured) [chair] romperse, partirse; [branch, twig] romperse, quebrarse (LAm); [limb] fracturarse; [boil] reventar; (fig) [heart] romperse, partirse

3) (=cease to function) [machine] estropearse

4) (=arrive) [dawn, day] apuntar, rayar; [news] darse a conocer; [story] revelarse; [storm] estallar; [wave] romper

5) (=give way) [health, spirits] quebrantarse; [weather] cambiar; [heat wave] terminar; [boy's voice] mudarse; [singing voice] cascarse; [bank] quebrar

6) (=pause)

• let's break for lunch — vamos a hacer un descanso para comer

7)

• to break free — (from chains, ropes etc) soltarse; (fig) liberarse

• to break loose — desatarse, escaparse; (fig) desencadenarse

8)

• to break even — cubrir los gastos

9) (Boxing) separarse

10) (Billiards, Snooker) abrir el juego

11) (Sport) [ball] torcerse, desviarse

4.

CPD

break dancer N — bailarín(-ina) m / f de break

break dancing N — break m

break point N — (Tennis) punto m de break, punto m de ruptura; (Comput) punto m de interrupción

- break away

- break down

- break forth

- break in

- break into

- break off

- break out

- break through

- break up

- break with

* * *

I
1. [breɪk]
(past broke; past p broken) transitive verb

1) \<\<window/plate\>\> romper*; \<\<stick\>\> partir, romper*, quebrar* (AmL)

I've broken my pencil — se me ha roto la punta del lápiz

he broke his wrist — se rompió la muñeca

she broke the chocolate into four pieces — partió el chocolate en cuatro trozos

2) ( render useless) \<\<machine\>\> romper*, descomponer* (AmL)

3) ( violate) \<\<rule\>\> infringir*, violar; \<\<promise\>\> no cumplir, faltar a; \<\<contract\>\> incumplir, romper*; \<\<strike\>\> romper*; law 1) b), word I 3)

4) ( end) \<\<strike\>\> poner* fin a; \<\<drug ring\>\> desarticular; \<\<impasse\>\> salir* de; \<\<habit\>\> dejar

5)

a) ( ruin) \<\<person/company\>\> arruinar a

b) ( crush) \<\<person\>\> destrozar*, deshacer*; heart 2), spirit I 3), will II 1) b)

6) ( impart)

to break something (to somebody): Sue broke the news to him Sue le dio la noticia; they broke it to her gently — se lo dijeron con mucho tacto

7) ( exceed) \<\<record\>\> batir

8)

a) ( interrupt) \<\<circuit\>\> cortar; \<\<fast/silence\>\> romper*

b) ( disrupt) \<\<pattern/monotony\>\> romper*

9) (breach, pierce) \<\<soil\>\> roturar

I haven't broken the skin — no me he abierto la piel

10)

a) ( get into) \<\<safe\>\> forzar*

we broke the toolbox open — abrimos la caja de herramientas forzándola

b) ( escape from) (AmE) \<\<jail\>\> escaparse or fugarse* de

c) ( decipher) \<\<code\>\> descifrar

11) ( tame) \<\<horse\>\> domar

2.

break vi

1)

a) \<\<window/plate\>\> romperse*; \<\<stick\>\> partirse, romperse*, quebrarse* (AmL)

my watch broke — se me rompió el reloj

b) ( separate)

a splinter group which broke from the party — un grupo disidente que se escindió del partido; loose I 2)

2) ( give in) \<\<resistance\>\> desmoronarse, venirse* abajo

she broke under constant interrogation — no resistió el constante interrogatorio

3)

a) ( begin) \<\<storm\>\> estallar; \<\<day\>\> romper*, apuntar, despuntar

b) ( change) \<\<weather\>\> cambiar

his voice is breaking — le está cambiando or mudando la voz

his voice broke — ( with emotion) se le entrecortó la voz

c) ( become known) \<\<story\>\> hacerse* público

4) \<\<wave/surf\>\> romper*

5) ( adjourn) parar, hacer* una pausa

to break for lunch — parar para almorzar

6) ( happen) (AmE colloq)

things are breaking well for me — me están saliendo bien las cosas; even II 2)

7) (in snooker, pool) abrir* el juego

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- break away

- break down

- break in

- break into

- break off

- break out

- break through

- break up

- break with

II

noun

1)

a) (Rad, TV) pausa f (comercial); ( Theat) entreacto m, intermedio m

b) ( rest period) descanso m; ( at school) (BrE) recreo m

we have a coffee break at 11 — a las 11 paramos para tomar un café

we worked without a break — trabajamos sin parar or descansar

c) ( short vacation) vacaciones fpl

d) (change, respite) cambio m

I need a break from all this — necesito descansar de todo esto; ( a holiday) necesito un cambio de aires

give me a break! — (colloq) déjame en paz!, no me embromes! (AmL fam)

2)

a) ( gap) interrupción f

b) ( in circuit) ruptura f, corte m

3) ( fracture) fractura f, rotura f

4) (chance, opportunity) (colloq) oportunidad f

he got a break — se le presentó una oportunidad

5) (separation, rift) ruptura f

to make a clean break — cortar por lo sano

he made a break with his past life — rompió or cortó con su pasado

6) ( sudden move)

he made a break for the door — corrió hacia la puerta

7) ( escape) fuga f, evasión f (frml)

8) (in snooker, pool) tacada f, serie f; ( in tennis) ruptura f, quiebre m

9) ( beginning) (liter)

at (the) break of day — al rayar el alba (liter)

10) ( discount) (AmE colloq) descuento m

English-spanish dictionary > break
51 break

1. transitive verb,
broke, broken

1) brechen; (so as to damage) zerbrechen; kaputtmachen (ugs.); aufschlagen [Ei zum Kochen]; zerreißen [Seil]; (fig.): (interrupt) unterbrechen; brechen [Bann, Zauber, Schweigen]

break something in two/in pieces — etwas in zwei Teile/in Stücke brechen

the TV/my watch is broken — der Fernseher/meine Uhr ist kaputt (ugs.)

2) (fracture) sich (Dat.) brechen; (pierce) verletzen [Haut]

he broke his leg — er hat sich (Dat.) das Bein gebrochen

break one's/somebody's back — (fig.) sich/jemanden kaputtmachen (ugs.)

break the back of something — (fig.) bei etwas das Schwerste hinter sich bringen

break open — aufbrechen

3) (violate) brechen [Vertrag, Versprechen]; verletzen, verstoßen gegen [Regel, Tradition]; nicht einhalten [Verabredung]; überschreiten [Grenze]

break the law — gegen das Gesetz verstoßen

4) (destroy) zerstören, ruinieren [Freundschaft, Ehe]

5) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]

6) (abscond from)

break jail — [aus dem Gefängnis] ausbrechen

7) (weaken) brechen, beugen [Stolz]; zusammenbrechen lassen [Streik]

break somebody's heart — jemandem das Herz brechen

break somebody — (crush) jemanden fertig machen (ugs.)

break the habit — es sich (Dat.) abgewöhnen; see also academic.ru/44727/make">make 1. 15)

8) (cushion) auffangen [Schlag, jemandes Fall]

9) (make bankrupt) ruinieren

break the bank — die Bank sprengen

it won't break the bank — (fig. coll.) es kostet kein Vermögen

10) (reveal)

break the news that... — melden, dass...

11) (solve) entschlüsseln, entziffern [Kode, Geheimschrift]

12) (Tennis)

break service/somebody's service — den Aufschlag des Gegners/jemandes Aufschlag durchbrechen. See also broken 2.
2. intransitive verb,
broke, broken

1) kaputtgehen (ugs.); entzweigehen; [Faden, Seil:] [zer]reißen; [Glas, Tasse, Teller:] zerbrechen; [Eis:] brechen

somebody's heart is breaking — jemandem bricht das Herz

break in two/in pieces — entzweibrechen

2) (crack) [Fenster-, Glasscheibe:] zerspringen

my back was nearly breaking — ich brach mir fast das Kreuz

3) (sever links)

break with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas brechen

4)

break into — einbrechen in (+ Akk.) [Haus]; aufbrechen [Safe]

he broke into a sweat — ihm brach der Schweiß aus

break into a trot/run — etc. zu traben/laufen usw. anfangen

break into a banknote — eine Banknote anbrechen

break out of prison — etc. aus dem Gefängnis usw. ausbrechen

5)

break free or loose [from somebody/somebody's grip] — sich [von jemandem/aus jemandes Griff] losreißen

break free/loose [from prison] — [aus dem Gefängnis] ausbrechen

6) [Welle:] sich brechen (on/against an + Dat.)

7) [Wetter:] umschlagen

8) [Wolkendecke:] aufreißen

9) [Tag:] anbrechen

10) [Sturm:] losbrechen

11)

somebody's voice is breaking — jemand kommt in den Stimmbruch; (with emotion) jemandem bricht die Stimme

12) (have interval)

break for coffee/lunch — [eine] Kaffee-/Mittagspause machen

13) (become public) bekannt werden
3. noun
1) Bruch, der; (of rope) Reißen, das

break [of service] — (Tennis) Break, der od. das

a break with somebody/something — ein Bruch mit jemandem/etwas

break of day — Tagesanbruch, der

2) (gap) Lücke, die; (Electr.): (in circuit) Unterbrechung, die

3) (sudden dash)

they made a sudden break [for it] — sie stürmten plötzlich davon

4) (interruption) Unterbrechung, die

5) (pause, holiday) Pause, die

during the commercial breaks on TV — während der Werbespots im Fernsehen

take or have a break — [eine] Pause machen

6) (coll.): (fair chance, piece of luck) Chance, die

lucky break — große Chance

that was a bad break for him — das war Pech für ihn

Phrasal Verbs:

- break away

- break down

- break in

- break into

- break off

- break out

- break out of

- break through

- break up

* * *
[breik] 1. past tense - broke; verb
1) (to divide into two or more parts (by force).) brechen

2) ((usually with off/away) to separate (a part) from the whole (by force).) abbrechen

3) (to make or become unusable.) vernichten

4) (to go against, or not act according to (the law etc): He broke his appointment at the last minute.) brechen

5) (to do better than (a sporting etc record).) (einen Rekord etc.) brechen

6) (to interrupt: She broke her journey in London.) abbrechen

7) (to put an end to: He broke the silence.) brechen

8) (to make or become known: They gently broke the news of his death to his wife.) beibringen

9) ((of a boy's voice) to fall in pitch.) brechen

10) (to soften the effect of (a fall, the force of the wind etc).) brechen

11) (to begin: The storm broke before they reached shelter.) losbrechen
2. noun
1) (a pause: a break in the conversation.) die Pause

2) (a change: a break in the weather.) der Umschwung

3) (an opening.) die Lücke

4) (a chance or piece of (good or bad) luck: This is your big break.) der Durchbruch

•

- breakable
3. noun
((usually in plural) something likely to break.) der zerbrechliche Gegenstand

- breakage
- breaker
- breakdown
- break-in
- breakneck
- breakout
- breakthrough
- breakwater
- break away
- break down
- break into
- break in
- break loose
- break off
- break out
- break out in
- break the ice
- break up
- make a break for it
* * *

break

[breɪk]

I. NOUN

1. (fracture) Bruch m; (in glass, pottery) Sprung m; (in rock, wood) Riss m; MED Bruch m

2. (gap) Lücke f; (in rock) Spalt m; (in line) Unterbrechung f

3. (escape) Ausbruch m

to make a \break ausbrechen

4. (interruption) Unterbrechung f, Pause f; esp BRIT SCH (during classes) Pause f; (holiday) Ferien pl

coffee/lunch \break Kaffee-/Mittagspause f

Easter/Christmas \break Oster-/Weihnachtsferien pl

commercial \break TV, RADIO Werbung f

to have [or take] a \break eine Pause machen

we decided to have a short \break in Paris wir beschlossen, einen Kurzurlaub in Paris zu verbringen

to need a \break from sth eine Pause von etw dat brauchen

5. METEO

\break of day Tagesanbruch m

a \break in the weather ( liter) ein Wetterumschwung m

6. (divergence) Bruch m

a \break with family tradition ein Bruch mit der Familientradition

7. (end of relationship) Abbruch m

to make a clean/complete \break einen sauberen/endgültigen Schlussstrich ziehen

to make the \break [from sb/sth] die Beziehung [zu jdm/etw] abbrechen

8. (opportunity) Chance f, Gelegenheit f

she got her main \break as an actress in a Spielberg film sie hatte ihre größte Chance als Schauspielerin in einem Spielbergfilm

9. SPORT (in tennis)

\break [of serve] Break m o nt; (in snooker, billiards) Anstoß m

10. COMM ( fam: sharp fall) plötzlicher und starker Einbruch von Preisen und Kursen

11. COMPUT

\break key Pause-Taste f

12.

▶ give me a \break! ( fam: knock it off!) hör auf [damit]!; (give me a chance) gib mir eine Chance!

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

<broke, broken>

1. (shatter)

▪ to \break sth etw zerbrechen; (in two pieces) etw entzweibrechen; (force open) etw aufbrechen; (damage) etw kaputt machen fam; (fracture) etw brechen

we heard the sound of \breaking glass wir hörten das Geräusch von zerberstendem Glas

to \break an alibi ( fig) ein Alibi entkräften

to \break one's arm sich dat den Arm brechen

to \break one's back [or AM ass] ( fig fam) sich akk abrackern [o abstrampeln] fam

to \break sb's back ( fig) jdm das Kreuz brechen fig

to \break a bottle/a glass eine Flasche/ein Glas zerbrechen

to \break an egg ein Ei aufschlagen

to \break sb's heart ( fig) jdm das Herz brechen geh

to \break a nail/tooth sich dat einen Nagel/Zahn abbrechen

to \break sb's nose jdm die Nase brechen

to \break sth into smithereens etw in [tausend] Stücke schlagen

to \break the sonic [or sound] barrier die Schallmauer durchbrechen

to \break a window ein Fenster einschlagen

2. (momentarily interrupt)

▪ to \break sth etw unterbrechen

I need something to \break the monotony of my typing job ich brauche etwas, das etwas Abwechslung in meine eintönige Schreibarbeit bringt

to \break sb's fall jds Fall abfangen

to \break a circuit ELEC einen Stromkreis unterbrechen

to \break step [or stride] aus dem Gleichschritt kommen; MIL aus dem Schritt fallen

3. (put an end to)

▪ to \break sth etw zerstören

to \break the back of sth BRIT, AUS das Schlimmste einer S. gen hinter sich akk bringen

we can \break the back of this work today if we really try wenn wir uns ernsthaft bemühen, können wir diese Arbeit heute zum größten Teil erledigen

to \break camp das Lager abbrechen

to \break a deadlock einen toten Punkt überwinden, etw wieder in Gang bringen

to \break a habit eine Gewohnheit aufgeben

to \break sb of a habit jdm eine Angewohnheit abgewöhnen

to \break an impasse [or a stalemate] aus einer Sackgasse herauskommen

to \break a romantic mood eine romantische Stimmung kaputt machen fam

to \break the peace/a record/the silence den Frieden/einen Rekord/das Schweigen brechen

to \break a spell einen Bann brechen

to \break sb's spirit jdn mutlos machen

to \break a strike einen Streik brechen

to \break the suspense [or tension] die Spannung lösen

4. SPORT

to \break a tie in Führung gehen, einen Führungstreffer erzielen

▪ to \break sb TENNIS jdm das Aufschlagspiel abnehmen

5. (violate)

▪ to \break sth etw brechen

to \break an agreement eine Vereinbarung verletzen

to \break a date eine Verabredung nicht einhalten

to \break a/the law ein/das Gesetz übertreten

to \break a treaty gegen einen Vertrag verstoßen

to \break one's word sein Wort brechen

6. (forcefully end)

▪ to \break sth etw durchbrechen

to \break sb's hold sich akk aus jds Griff befreien

7. (decipher)

to \break a cipher/a code eine Geheimschrift/einen Code entschlüsseln

8. (make public)

▪ to \break sth etw bekanntgeben; JOURN etw veröffentlichen

▪ to \break sth to sb jdm etw mitteilen [o sagen]

\break it to me gently! ( hum) bring's mir schonend bei!

how will we ever \break it to her? wie sollen wir es ihr nur sagen?

to \break the news to sb jdm die Nachricht beibringen

9. (separate into parts)

▪ to \break sth etw auseinanderreißen

to \break bread REL das [heilige] Abendmahl empfangen

to \break bread [with sb] ( dated liter) [mit jdm] das Brot brechen veraltet [o sein Brot teilen]

to \break a collection [or set] eine Sammlung auseinanderreißen

10. (make change for)

to \break a note [or AM bill] einen Geldschein wechseln [o fam kleinmachen

11. (crush spirit)

▪ to \break sb jdn brechen [o fam kleinkriegen]

her spirit had been broken by the regime in the home das in dem Heim herrschende System hatte sie seelisch gebrochen

▪ to \break an animal (tame) ein Tier zähmen; (train) ein Tier abrichten

to \break sb's will jds Willen brechen

12. (leave)

to \break cover MIL aus der Deckung hervorbrechen; (from hiding place) aus dem Versteck herauskommen

to \break formation MIL aus der Aufstellung heraustreten

to \break rank MIL aus dem Glied treten

to \break rank[s] ( fig) die eigenen Reihen verraten

to \break ship sich akk beim Landgang absetzen

13. (open up)

to \break ground den ersten Spatenstich machen

to \break fresh [or new] ground ( fig) Neuland [o neue Gebiete] erschließen

14.

▶ to \break the bank ( hum) die Bank sprengen

▶ to \break the ice ( fam) das Eis brechen

▶ \break a leg! ( fam) Hals- und Beinbruch! fam

▶ you can't make an omelette without \breaking eggs ( saying) wo gehobelt wird, da fallen Späne prov

▶ to \break the mould innovativ sein

▶ sticks and stones may \break my bones [but names will never hurt me] ( saying) Beschimpfungen können mir nichts anhaben

▶ to \break wind einen fahrenlassen fam

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<broke, broken>

1. (shatter) zerbrechen; (stop working) kaputtgehen fam; (fall apart) auseinanderbrechen

2. (interrupt) Pause machen

shall we \break [off] for lunch? machen wir Mittagspause?

3. wave sich akk brechen

a wave broke over the boat eine Welle brach über dem Boot zusammen

4. (change in voice)

her voice was \breaking with emotion vor Rührung versagte ihr die Stimme

the boy's voice is \breaking der Junge ist [gerade] im Stimmbruch

5. METEO weather umschlagen; dawn, day anbrechen; storm losbrechen

6. (collapse under strain) zusammenbrechen

7. (become public) news, scandal bekannt werden, publikwerden, ans Licht kommen

8. (in billiards, snooker) anstoßen

9. BOXING sich akk trennen

10. (move out of formation) clouds aufreißen; crowd sich akk teilen; MIL, SPORT sich akk auflösen

11. MED [auf]platzen

the waters have broken die Fruchtblase ist geplatzt

12.

▶ to \break even kostendeckend arbeiten

▶ to \break free ausbrechen, sich akk befreien

▶ to \break loose sich akk losreißen

▶ it's make or \break! es geht um alles oder nichts!

* * *
[breɪk] vb: pret broke, ptp broken
1. NOUN

1) = fracture in bone, pipe Bruch m; (GRAM, TYP = word break) (Silben)trennung f

... he said with a break in his voice —... sagte er mit stockender Stimme

break in the circuit (Elec) — Stromkreisunterbrechung f

2) = gap Lücke f; (in rock) Spalte f, Riss m; (in drawn line) Unterbrechung f

row upon row of houses without a break — Häuserzeile auf Häuserzeile, ohne Lücke or lückenlos

3) = pause ALSO BRIT SCH Pause f; (in journey) Pause f, Unterbrechung f

without a break — ohne Unterbrechung or Pause, ununterbrochen

to take or have a break — (eine) Pause machen

at break (Sch) — in der Pause

after the break (Rad, TV) — nach der Pause

give me a break! ( inf, expressing annoyance ) — nun mach mal halblang! (inf)

4) = end of relations Bruch m

5) = change Abwechslung f

break in the weather — Wetterumschwung m

6) = respite Erholung f

the playgroup gives parents a break — die Spielgruppe verschafft den Eltern etwas Erholung

7) = holiday Urlaub m

I'm looking forward to a good break — ich freue mich auf einen schönen Urlaub

8)

at break of day — bei Tagesanbruch

9) = escape inf Ausbruch m

they made a break for it — sie versuchten zu entkommen

10) = opportunity inf

to have a good/bad break — Glück or Schwein (inf) nt/Pech nt haben

we had a few lucky breaks — wir haben ein paar Mal Glück or Schwein (inf) gehabt

she had her first big break in a Broadway play — sie bekam ihre erste große Chance in einem Broadwaystück

11) BILLIARDS Break nt or m, Serie f

2. TRANSITIVE VERB

1) in pieces = fracture bone sich (dat) brechen; stick zerbrechen; (= smash) kaputt schlagen, kaputt machen; glass, cup zerbrechen; window einschlagen; egg aufbrechen

to break sth from sth — etw von etw abbrechen

to break one's leg — sich (dat) das Bein brechen

break a leg! ( US : inf ) — Hals- und Beinbruch!

2) = make unusable toy, chair kaputt machen

3) = violate promise, treaty, vow brechen; law, rule, commandment verletzen; appointment nicht einhalten

to break bail — die Haftverschonung brechen

4) = interrupt journey, silence, fast unterbrechen; spell brechen; monotony, routine unterbrechen, auflockern

to break a holiday short (Brit) — einen Urlaub abbrechen

to break a habit — mit einer Gewohnheit brechen, sich (dat) etw abgewöhnen

he couldn't break the habit of smoking — er konnte sich das Rauchen nicht abgewöhnen

to break sb of a habit — jdm etw abgewöhnen

5) = penetrate skin ritzen; surface, shell durchbrechen

his skin is bruised but not broken —

to break surface ( submarine fig ) —, fig ) auftauchen

6) = surpass record brechen; sound barrier durchbrechen

7) = open up → ground

8) = tame horse zureiten; person brechen

9) = destroy person kleinkriegen (inf), mürbemachen; resistance, strike brechen; code entziffern; (TENNIS) serve durchbrechen

his spirit was broken by the spell in solitary confinement —

this betrayal nearly broke him — dieser Verrat hätte ihn fast zum Wahnsinn getrieben

to break sb ( financially) —

to break the bank (Gambling) — die Bank sprengen

37p, well that won't exactly break the bank — 37 Pence, na, davon gehe ich/gehen wir noch nicht bankrott

his service was broken (Tennis) — er hat das Aufschlagspiel abgegeben

10) = soften fall dämpfen, abfangen

the wall breaks the force of the wind — der Wind bricht sich an der Mauer

11) = get out of jail, one's bonds ausbrechen aus

to break step (Mil) — aus dem Schritt fallen

12) = disclose news mitteilen

how can I break it to her? — wie soll ich es ihr sagen?

3. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1) in pieces = snap twig, bone brechen; (rope) zerreißen; (= smash, window) kaputtgehen; (cup, glass) zerbrechen

breaking strain — Belastbarkeit f

2) = become useless watch, toy, chair kaputtgehen

3)

= become detached to break from sth — von etw abbrechen

4) = pause (eine) Pause machen, unterbrechen

to break for lunch — Mittagspause machen

5) = change weather, luck umschlagen

6) = disperse clouds aufreißen; (crowd) sich teilen

7) = give way health leiden, Schaden nehmen; (stamina) gebrochen werden; under interrogation etc zusammenbrechen

his spirit broke — sein Mut verließ ihn

8) wave sich brechen

9) day, dawn anbrechen; (suddenly storm) losbrechen

10) voice with emotion brechen

his voice is beginning to break (boy) — er kommt in den Stimmbruch

11) = become known story, news, scandal bekannt werden, an den Tag or ans Licht kommen

the news broke on Wall Street yesterday — gestern platzte diese Nachricht in der Wall Street

12) = escape from jail ausbrechen (from aus) → loose

13)

company to break even — seine (Un)kosten decken

14) BILLIARDS anstoßen

15)

ball to break to the right/left — nach rechts/links wegspringen

16) = let go (BOXING ETC) sich trennen

break! — break!

17) = end relations brechen

4. PHRASAL VERBS

* * *

break¹ [breık]

A s

1. (Ab-, Zer-, Durch-, Entzwei)Brechen n, Bruch m

2. Bruch (-stelle f) m, Durchbruch m, Riss m, Spalt m, Bresche f, Öffnung f, Zwischenraum m, Lücke f (auch fig)

3. fig Bruch m (from, with mit; between zwischen dat):

a break with tradition;

she made a break from her family sie brach mit ihrer Familie; → clean A 15

4. (Wald)Lichtung f

5. a) Pause f (Br auch SCHULE), Unterbrechung f ( auch ELEK):

before (after) the break SPORT vor (nach) der Pause, vor (nach) dem Seitenwechsel;

without a break ununterbrochen;

have ( oder take) a break (eine) Pause machen;

take a break for a cigarette eine Zigarettenpause machen

b) RADIO, TV Werbeunterbrechung f:

we’ll be back again right after the break gleich nach der Werbung geht es weiter

c) Kurzurlaub m:

have ( oder take) a weekend break übers Wochenende verreisen

6. fig, auch LIT Zäsur f, Einschnitt m

7. Ausbruch m (eines Gefangenen), Fluchtversuch m:

make a break for it ( oder for freedom) das Weite suchen, flüchten;

they made a break for the door sie stürzten zur Tür

8. (plötzlicher) Wechsel, Umschwung m:

break in the weather Wetterumschlag m;

at break of day bei Tagesanbruch

9. SPORT Konter m

10. WIRTSCH Preis-, Kurssturz m, Kurseinbruch m

11. MUS

a) Registerwechsel m

b) Jazz: Break m/n (kurzes Zwischensolo)

12. MUS

a) Versagen n (im Ton)

b) Versager m (Ton)

13. Richtungswechsel m

14. Billard:

a) Serie f

b) Abweichen n (des Balles)

15. Boxen: Trennkommando n

16. Pferderennen: Start m

17. umg

a) a bad break Pech n;

a lucky break Dusel m, Schwein n (beide umg)

b) (faire) Chance f:

give sb a break

18. auch break of serve (Tennis) Break m/n (Spielgewinn bei gegnerischem Aufschlag):

he had a break er schaffte ein(en) Break, ihm gelang ein Break

B v/t prät broke [brəʊk], obs brake [breık], pperf broken [ˈbrəʊkən]

1. ab-, auf-, durchbrechen, (er-, zer)brechen:

break open eine Tür etc aufbrechen;

break one’s arm sich den Arm brechen;

break sb’s head jemandem den Schädel einschlagen;

break a glass ein Glas zerbrechen;

break jail aus dem Gefängnis ausbrechen;

break a leg, John! umg besonders THEAT Hals- und Beinbruch!;

break a record fig einen Rekord brechen;

break a seal ein Siegel erbrechen;

break sb’s service, break sb (Tennis) jemandem den Aufschlag abnehmen, jemanden breaken;

he broke service (Tennis) er schaffte ein(en) Break, ihm gelang ein Break; → ass², back¹ A 1, balls A, heart Bes Redew, neck A 2

2. zerreißen, -schlagen, -trümmern, kaputt machen umg

3. PHYS Licht, Strahlen, weitS. Wellen, Wind brechen, einen Stoß oder Fall abfangen, dämpfen, auch fig abschwächen

4. ab-, unterbrechen, trennen, aufheben, sprengen:

break company

a) auseinandergehen,

b) sich wegstehlen;

break a journey eine Reise unterbrechen;

break one’s silence sein Schweigen brechen;

a cry broke the silence ein Schrei zerriss die Stille;

break a set

a) einen Satz (z. B. Gläser durch Zerbrechen eines einzelnen Teiles) unvollständig machen,

b) einen Satz (z. B. Briefmarken) auseinanderreißen;

break a siege eine Belagerung aufheben; → blockade A 1, camp¹ A 1, fast³ B 1, ice¹ A 1

5. ELEK

a) einen Stromkreis oder Kontakt unterbrechen, einen Kontakt öffnen

b) ab-, ausschalten

6. aufgeben, ablegen:

break a custom mit einer Tradition oder Gewohnheit brechen;

break sb of sth jemandem etwas abgewöhnen; → habit 1

7. a) eine Speise, eine Ware, einen Geldschein anbrechen: → bottle¹ A 1, bread Bes Redew

b) einen Geldschein kleinmachen umg (wechseln)

8. fig jemandes Macht, Willen etc brechen, jemanden zerbrechen, jemandem das Rückgrat brechen:

break sb’s resistance jemandes Widerstand brechen;

break sb’s spirits jemandes Lebensmut brechen

9. a) Tiere zähmen, abrichten, ein Pferd zureiten, einfahren, auch jemanden gewöhnen (to an akk):

break a horse to harness (to rein) ein Pferd einfahren (zureiten)

b) ein Auto etc einfahren, neue Schuhe einlaufen, austreten

c) jemanden einarbeiten, anlernen

10. das Gesetz, einen Vertrag, sein Versprechen etc brechen, eine Regel verletzen, eine Vorschrift übertreten, verstoßen gegen, ein Tempolimit überschreiten:

rules are made to be broken Vorschriften sind dazu da, um übertreten zu werden

11. fig vernichten, (auch finanziell) ruinieren oder zugrunde richten, eine Ehe etc zerrütten:

break a will JUR ein Testament (durch gerichtliches Verfahren) aufheben; → bank¹ A 3

12. MIL

a) entlassen

b) degradieren

13. eröffnen, kundtun:

break the bad news gently to sb jemandem die schlechte Nachricht schonend beibringen

14. US umg eine Unternehmung starten

15. HIST foltern, auf der oder die Folter strecken: → wheel A 6

16. a) einen Code etc knacken umg, entschlüsseln

b) einen Fall lösen, aufklären

17. break (the) ground AGR ein Brachfeld umbrechen, -pflügen; → ground¹ A 1

18. MUS

a) einen Akkord brechen

b) Notenwerte zerlegen

C v/i

1. brechen:

break into

a) in ein Haus etc einbrechen,

b) allg und fig eindringen oder einbrechen in (akk):

break into the best social circles; → preserve B 2 b,

c) etwas unterbrechen, hineinplatzen in (akk),

d) fig ausbrechen in (akk):

he broke into laughter; → applause 1,

e) → B 7 a;

break through eine Absperrung etc durchbrechen;

break with mit jemandem, einer Tradition etc brechen; → loose A 1

2. (zer)brechen, zerspringen, -reißen, (-)platzen, entzweigehen, kaputtgehen umg:

the rope broke das Seil riss;

break open aufspringen, -platzen

3. unterbrochen werden

4. (plötzlich) auftauchen (Fisch, U-Boot)

5. sich (zer)teilen (Wolken)

6. zersprengt werden, in Unordnung geraten, weichen (Truppen), sich auflösen (Heer)

7. MED aufbrechen, -gehen (Abszess), aufplatzen (Zyste), platzen, aufspringen (Haut)

8. fig brechen (Herz, Widerstand etc)

9. nachlassen, abnehmen, gebrochen oder zerrüttet werden, verfallen (Geist oder Gesundheit), (auch seelisch) zusammenbrechen

10. umschlagen, mutieren (Stimme):

his voice broke

a) er befand sich im Stimmbruch, er mutierte,

b) ihm brach die Stimme ( with vor Rührung etc)

11. SPORT die Gangart wechseln (Pferd)

12. Tennis: breaken

13. sich brechen, branden (Wellen)

14. brechen (Eis)

15. umschlagen (Wetter)

16. anbrechen (Tag)

17. los-, ausbrechen ( over über dat):

the storm broke der Sturm brach los

18. eröffnet werden, bekannt gegeben werden (Nachricht)

19. WIRTSCH plötzlich im Preis oder Kurs fallen (Ware, Wertpapier)

20. WIRTSCH ruiniert werden, Bankrott machen oder bankrottgehen, fallieren

21. Boxen: sich trennen:

break! break!

22. rennen, hasten:

break for cover hastig in Deckung gehen

23. Pferderennen: starten

24. eine Pause machen:

break for lunch (eine) Mittagspause machen

25. besonders US umg sich entwickeln:

things are breaking well

break² [breık] s

1. Break m/n (Art Kremser mit zwei Längssitzen)

2. Wagen zum Einfahren von Pferden

* * *
1. transitive verb,
broke, broken

1) brechen; (so as to damage) zerbrechen; kaputtmachen (ugs.); aufschlagen [Ei zum Kochen]; zerreißen [Seil]; (fig.): (interrupt) unterbrechen; brechen [Bann, Zauber, Schweigen]

break something in two/in pieces — etwas in zwei Teile/in Stücke brechen

the TV/my watch is broken — der Fernseher/meine Uhr ist kaputt (ugs.)

2) (fracture) sich (Dat.) brechen; (pierce) verletzen [Haut]

he broke his leg — er hat sich (Dat.) das Bein gebrochen

break one's/somebody's back — (fig.) sich/jemanden kaputtmachen (ugs.)

break the back of something — (fig.) bei etwas das Schwerste hinter sich bringen

break open — aufbrechen

3) (violate) brechen [Vertrag, Versprechen]; verletzen, verstoßen gegen [Regel, Tradition]; nicht einhalten [Verabredung]; überschreiten [Grenze]

break the law — gegen das Gesetz verstoßen

4) (destroy) zerstören, ruinieren [Freundschaft, Ehe]

5) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]

6) (abscond from)

break jail — [aus dem Gefängnis] ausbrechen

7) (weaken) brechen, beugen [Stolz]; zusammenbrechen lassen [Streik]

break somebody's heart — jemandem das Herz brechen

break somebody — (crush) jemanden fertig machen (ugs.)

break the habit — es sich (Dat.) abgewöhnen; see also make 1. 15)

8) (cushion) auffangen [Schlag, jemandes Fall]

9) (make bankrupt) ruinieren

break the bank — die Bank sprengen

it won't break the bank — (fig. coll.) es kostet kein Vermögen

10) (reveal)

break the news that... — melden, dass...

11) (solve) entschlüsseln, entziffern [Kode, Geheimschrift]

12) (Tennis)

break service/somebody's service — den Aufschlag des Gegners/jemandes Aufschlag durchbrechen. See also broken 2.
2. intransitive verb,
broke, broken

1) kaputtgehen (ugs.); entzweigehen; [Faden, Seil:] [zer]reißen; [Glas, Tasse, Teller:] zerbrechen; [Eis:] brechen

somebody's heart is breaking — jemandem bricht das Herz

break in two/in pieces — entzweibrechen

2) (crack) [Fenster-, Glasscheibe:] zerspringen

my back was nearly breaking — ich brach mir fast das Kreuz

3) (sever links)

break with somebody/something — mit jemandem/etwas brechen

4)

break into — einbrechen in (+ Akk.) [Haus]; aufbrechen [Safe]

he broke into a sweat — ihm brach der Schweiß aus

break into a trot/run — etc. zu traben/laufen usw. anfangen

break into a banknote — eine Banknote anbrechen

break out of prison — etc. aus dem Gefängnis usw. ausbrechen

5)

break free or loose [from somebody/somebody's grip] — sich [von jemandem/aus jemandes Griff] losreißen

break free/loose [from prison] — [aus dem Gefängnis] ausbrechen

6) [Welle:] sich brechen (on/against an + Dat.)

7) [Wetter:] umschlagen

8) [Wolkendecke:] aufreißen

9) [Tag:] anbrechen

10) [Sturm:] losbrechen

11)

somebody's voice is breaking — jemand kommt in den Stimmbruch; (with emotion) jemandem bricht die Stimme

12) (have interval)

break for coffee/lunch — [eine] Kaffee-/Mittagspause machen

13) (become public) bekannt werden
3. noun
1) Bruch, der; (of rope) Reißen, das

break [of service] — (Tennis) Break, der od. das

a break with somebody/something — ein Bruch mit jemandem/etwas

break of day — Tagesanbruch, der

2) (gap) Lücke, die; (Electr.): (in circuit) Unterbrechung, die

3) (sudden dash)

they made a sudden break [for it] — sie stürmten plötzlich davon

4) (interruption) Unterbrechung, die

5) (pause, holiday) Pause, die

during the commercial breaks on TV — während der Werbespots im Fernsehen

take or have a break — [eine] Pause machen

6) (coll.): (fair chance, piece of luck) Chance, die

lucky break — große Chance

that was a bad break for him — das war Pech für ihn

Phrasal Verbs:

- break away

- break down

- break in

- break into

- break off

- break out

- break out of

- break through

- break up

* * *

(printing) n.

Absatz -¨e (Buchdruck) m. n.

Arbeitspause f.

Bruch ¨-e m.

Lücke -n f.

Pause -n (Schule) f.

Pause -n (Sport) f.

Pause -n f.

Rast -en f.

Umbruch -¨e (von Gefäß) m.

Unterbrechung f. (up) with someone expr.

jemandem die Freundschaft aufkündigen ausdr. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: broke, broken)

= abbrechen v.

aufheben v.

stoppen v.

unterbrechen v.

zersplittern v.

English-german dictionary > break
52 system

система

- break the system

- communicate with system

- access control system

- access control list system

- access key system

- access management system

- additive system

- alarm system

- alarm reporting system

- analog voice privacy system

- antibugging system

- anti-theft system

- around the clock monitoring system

- auditor surveillance system

- authentication system

- automated information system

- automated storage and retrieval system

- backup system

- baggage checking system

- biometric system

- block cipher system

- block substitution system

- buddy system

- building security system

- burglar alarm system

- callback security system

- capability access control system

- card entry system

- CCTV system

- central station system

- ciphony communication system

- closed-circuit television system

- code-breaking system

- communication security system

- computationally secure system

- computer system

- computer access system

- computer-based information system

- computing system

- concealment system

- conference communication system

- conference key distrubution system

- confidential communication system

- conversational monitor system

- countersurveillance system

- cryptocommunication system

- cryptographic system

- system for secrecy

- abuse-free system

- access control system

- algebraic code system

- analog system

- asymmetric system

- asymmetric key system

- authentication system

- authentication/secrecy system

- bijective public key system

- binary system

- block system

- broadcast system

- broadcasting system

- cipher-feedback system

- classical system

- common-key system

- communication system

- compromised system

- computationally secure system

- conference system

- conventional system

- cryptologic system

- customer programmable system

- danger alarm system

- data access system

- data processing system

- data transmission system

- decentralized system

- dedicated system

- DES-based system

- DES-like system

- deterministic system

- DH system

- detection system

- dial-back security system

- Diffie and Hellman system

- diplomatic telecommunication system

- disbursement system

- discrete-exponentiation system

- discrete log system

- distributed system

- domestic alarm system

- dynamic voice scrambling system

- E3 system

- effectively unbreakable system

- electronic banking system

- electronic key management system

- electronic mail system

- electronic surveillance system

- elliptic curve system

- enciphering system

- encrypted communication system

- encryption system

- endomorphic system

- end-to-end encryption system

- error propagating system

- eye identification system

- factorization system

- fax system

- fail-safe system

- fence intrusion detection system

- file management system

- file security system

- fingerprint identification system

- finite system

- finite automation system

- Galois field system

- general system

- generalized system

- GF system

- Goppa-code system

- hand geometry identification system

- hands-free access control system

- hardware-implemented system

- hidden key system

- hierarchical system

- high security system

- high-grade system

- high-speed system

- hybrid public-secret key system

- hybrid stream/block system

- identity-based system

- system immune to cryptoanalysis

- indecipherable system

- infected system

- information extraction system

- information processing system

- information protection system

- integrated security system

- interception system

- intractable system

- intruder detection system

- intruder-proof system

- intruder protection system

- intrusion alarm system

- inquiry-response system

- iterated system

- kernel-based operating system

- kernelized operating system

- key system

- key card system

- key distribution system

- key escrow system

- key exchange system

- key generation and distribution system

- key-handling system

- key interchange system

- key lock system

- key management system

- key notarization system

- key system

- key distribution system

- keyed system

- key escrow system

- key-minimal system

- knapsack-based system

- knapsack public key system

- laser listening system

- laser monitoring system

- local alarm system

- lock-and-key protection system

- low-light observation system

- low-security system

- magnetic card access control system

- main circuit interception system

- management information system

- matrix system

- McEliece' system

- Merkle-Hellman system

- message handling system

- message processing system

- message transfer system

- MH system

- microprocessor based system

- minuend system

- mixed system

- movement monitoring system

- multicode voice privacy system

- multilevel security system

- multiple access system

- multiple destination system

- multiplicative knapsack system

- multiuser computer system

- network access control system

- network intrusion detection system

- network operating system

- network system

- non-discretionary security system

- non-linear system

- number theoretic system

- office information system

- one-key system

- one-master-key system

- one-time-key system

- one-time-pad system

- one-time-tape system

- password-based access control system

- password security system

- perfect secrecy system

- perimeter alarm system

- perimeter intrusion detection system

- personal authenticatioh system

- phone-back system

- phone security system

- point-to-point system

- pointoring system

- police-connected alarm system

- practical security system

- privacy system

- private key system

- proprietary system

- protected system

- provably secure system

- public key system

- public key distribution system

- public key signature system

- radio paging system

- rapid system

- reciprocal number system

- remote control system

- remotely accessed computer system

- residue system

- Rivest-Shamir-Adleman system

- rotor system

- RSA system

- RSA public key system

- r-th residue system

- safe computing system

- secrecy system

- secrecy communication system

- secret-key system

- secret-sharing system

- secure operating system

- secure speech system

- secure system

- security access system

- security monitoring system

- security-oriented operating system

- security screening system

- self-contained system

- self-synchronizing system

- service management system

- shadow system

- shared key system

- shift register system

- signature-based biometric system

- signature verification system

- single level system

- single-key system

- smart card security system

- software-based access control system

- software protection system

- sophisticated system

- space-time system

- speech communication system

- split key system

- static voice scrambling system

- store-and-forward system

- strong system

- subtractive system

- symmetric system

- tamper-responding system

- teleconference system

- telephone analyzing antubugging system

- telephone monitoring system

- text only E-mail system

- theoretically secure system

- theoretically unbreakable system

- threshold information preservation system

- threshold system

- token-access system

- token identification system

- transposition system

- trap-door-knapsack public key system

- transient key system

- threshold system

- trusted computer system

- trustworthy system

- turnkey security system

- two-key system

- unconditionnally secure system

- unbreakable system

- uninterruptible power system

- video surveillance system

- voice system

- voice-activated system

- voice authentication system

- voice cipher system

- voice communication system

- voice message system

- voice messaging system

- voice privacy system

- voice recognition system

- voice security system

- wiretap defeat system

- X-ray system

- zero-knowledge interactive proof system

Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности > system
53 SWL

1) Общая лексика: безопасная рабочая нагрузка (для подъёмных механизмов) (Safe Working Load)

2) Военный термин: Signals Warfare Laboratory, strategic weapon launcher, Solid Waste Landfill - полигон для размещения твёрдых отходов

3) Техника: shortwave listener

4) Шутливое выражение: Shooters Without Law

5) Радио: Short Wave Listener, Short Wave Listening

6) Сокращение: SoftWare event Logger

7) Электроника: Short Wave Listeners, Short Wavelength Limit, Surface Ware Lines

8) Нефть: southwest line, уровень спокойной воды

9) Экология: Safe Working Level

10) Бурение: КССБ, концентрированная сульфит-спиртовая барда

11) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: safe working load (load defined as being less than the yield or breaking load times a safety factor determined by a code, standard, or good engineering practice)

12) Полимеры: safe working load

13) Сахалин Р: Still Water Level

14) Программное обеспечение: Sgl Widget Library

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SWL
54 crack

kræk 1. verb
1) (to (cause to) break partly without falling to pieces: The window cracked down the middle.) slå sprekker, (få til å) revne, knake

2) (to break (open): He cracked the peanuts between his finger and thumb.) knekke

3) (to make a sudden sharp sound of breaking: The twig cracked as I stepped on it.) knalle, smelle

4) (to make (a joke): He's always cracking jokes.) slå vitser

5) (to open (a safe) by illegal means.) sprenge, bryte opp

6) (to solve (a code).) løse

7) (to give in to torture or similar pressures: The spy finally cracked under their questioning and told them everything he knew.) bryte sammen, bli brutt ned
2. noun
1) (a split or break: There's a crack in this cup.) sprekk, revne, brist, brudd

2) (a narrow opening: The door opened a crack.) gløtt, sprekk

3) (a sudden sharp sound: the crack of whip.) knall, smell, knekk

4) (a blow: a crack on the jaw.) slag

5) (a joke: He made a crack about my big feet.) vits

6) (a very addictive drug: He died of too much crack with alcohol)
3. adjective
(expert: a crack racing-driver.) topp-, førsteklasses, mester(lig)

- cracked
- crackdown
- cracker
- crackers
- crack a book
- crack down on
- crack down
- get cracking
- have a crack at
- have a crack

kløft
--------
spalte
--------
sprekk

I
subst. \/kræk\/

1) knak, brak, knall, smell, skrell

2) klask, (piske)snert

3) sprekk, revne, skavank

4) gløtt

• keep the door open a crack

holde døren på gløtt

5) ( hverdagslig) klask, (hardt) slag

• give him a crack on the head to shut him up!

gi ham et slag i hodet for å få ham til å holde kjeft!

6) ( hverdagslig) spydighet, ondskapsfullhet, giftighet, snert, spark

7) ( hverdagslig) forsøk

8) ( hverdagslig) toppmann, trumfess

9) ( slang) fitte, sprekk

10) ( slang) innbrudd, tyveri, brekk

11) (slang, narkotika) crack

12) ( dialekt) passiar, prat

at the crack of dawn ( hverdagslig) ved daggry, i grålysningen

give someone a fair crack of the whip ( hverdagslig) gi noen en (sportslig) sjanse til å vise hva man duger til

have a crack at something ( hverdagslig) forsøke (seg på) noe

make a crack at someone ( overført) gi noen et spark

make cracks about slå vitser om, komme med spydigheter om

paper over the cracks tapetsere over sprekkene, glatte over feil

till the crack of doom til dommedagsbasunene høres, til dommedag (overført)
II
verb \/kræk\/

1) ( om lyd) knake, brake, smelle, knalle, få til å knake

• I can't stand listening to people cracking the joints of their fingers!

jeg kan ikke utstå å høre på at folk knekker med fingerleddene!

2) sprekke, briste, revne, slå sprekker, bryte sammen, kollapse

3) knekkes, gå i stykker, springe, ryke, gå av

4) brekke, knekke, slå i stykker, knuse (overført)

• don't crack my heart!

ikke knus hjertet mitt!

5) klaske, snerte (med)

6) ( om stemme) sprekke, brytes

• his voice is cracking

han er i stemmeskiftet

7) ( hverdagslig) knekke, løse

• can you help me crack this problem?

kan du hjelpe meg å løse dette problemet?

• this code is impossible to crack

denne koden er det umulig å knekke\/løse

• we can crack this murder case now

vi kan oppklare denne mordsaken nå

8) slå til, klappe til

• she cracked her brother over the head

hun slo til broren sin i hodet

9) sprenge

• the burglars cracked the safe, but did not find anything inside it

innbruddstyvene sprengte safen, men fant ikke noe inne i den

10) avbryte, gjøre slutt på, rokke (ved)

11) ( om flaske) slå\/ta hull på, knekke, åpne

• let's crack a bottle of wine and celebrate this

la oss knekke en flaske vin og feire dette

12) ( kjemi) krakke, spalte

crack a book (amer., hverdagslig) åpne\/lese en bok

• he has never cracked a book

crack a crib (slang, om innbrudd) gjøre et brekk

crack a smile ( hverdagslig) bryte ut i et smil, smile

crack down on ( hverdagslig) slå ned på, slå til mot

crack jokes vitse, slå en vits, skjemte

crack off slites\/gå av, brytes av

crack onto ( hverdagslig) legge an på

crack open bryte opp, sprenge

crack up ( hverdagslig) kollapse, klappe sammen, ta knekken på seg selv ( hverdagslig) krasje, smadre

• Jim just cracked up his new car

Jim har akkurat krasjet den nye bilen sin

( hverdagslig) overvurdere, anslå for høyt

• he's not what he's cracked up to be

han er oppskrytt

( hverdagslig) begynne å le, briste i latter
III
adj. \/kræk\/

( hverdagslig) fin, førsteklasses, topp-, mester-, elite-

• the crack players

toppspillerne

English-Norwegian dictionary > crack
55 crack

[kræk] 1. verb
1) (to (cause to) break partly without falling to pieces: The window cracked down the middle.) revne

2) (to break (open): He cracked the peanuts between his finger and thumb.) knække

3) (to make a sudden sharp sound of breaking: The twig cracked as I stepped on it.) smælde; knalde; knække

4) (to make (a joke): He's always cracking jokes.) fortælle vittigheder

5) (to open (a safe) by illegal means.) bryde op

6) (to solve (a code).) bryde; løse; tyde

7) (to give in to torture or similar pressures: The spy finally cracked under their questioning and told them everything he knew.) bryde sammen; bukke under
2. noun
1) (a split or break: There's a crack in this cup.) revne

2) (a narrow opening: The door opened a crack.) på klem

3) (a sudden sharp sound: the crack of whip.) smæld; knald

4) (a blow: a crack on the jaw.) knald

5) (a joke: He made a crack about my big feet.) vittighed

6) (a very addictive drug: He died of too much crack with alcohol) crack
3. adjective
(expert: a crack racing-driver.) elite-

- cracked
- crackdown
- cracker
- crackers
- crack a book
- crack down on
- crack down
- get cracking
- have a crack at
- have a crack
* * *
[kræk] 1. verb
1) (to (cause to) break partly without falling to pieces: The window cracked down the middle.) revne

2) (to break (open): He cracked the peanuts between his finger and thumb.) knække

3) (to make a sudden sharp sound of breaking: The twig cracked as I stepped on it.) smælde; knalde; knække

4) (to make (a joke): He's always cracking jokes.) fortælle vittigheder

5) (to open (a safe) by illegal means.) bryde op

6) (to solve (a code).) bryde; løse; tyde

7) (to give in to torture or similar pressures: The spy finally cracked under their questioning and told them everything he knew.) bryde sammen; bukke under
2. noun
1) (a split or break: There's a crack in this cup.) revne

2) (a narrow opening: The door opened a crack.) på klem

3) (a sudden sharp sound: the crack of whip.) smæld; knald

4) (a blow: a crack on the jaw.) knald

5) (a joke: He made a crack about my big feet.) vittighed

6) (a very addictive drug: He died of too much crack with alcohol) crack
3. adjective
(expert: a crack racing-driver.) elite-

- cracked
- crackdown
- cracker
- crackers
- crack a book
- crack down on
- crack down
- get cracking
- have a crack at
- have a crack

English-Danish dictionary > crack
56 crack

crack [kræk]

1. noun

   a. ( = split, slit) fissure f ; (in glass, pottery, bone) fêlure f ; (in wall) lézarde f ; (in skin) crevasse f

• leave the window open a crack laissez la fenêtre entrouverte

• at the crack of dawn aux aurores (inf)

   b. ( = noise) [of twigs] craquement m ; [of whip] claquement m

   c. ( = sharp blow) to give sb a crack on the head assener un grand coup sur la tête de qn

   d. ( = joke) (inf) plaisanterie f

• that was a crack at your brother ça, c'était pour votre frère

   e. ( = try) (inf) to have a crack at doing sth essayer de faire qch

• to have a crack at [+ title, record] essayer de décrocher (inf)

• let's have a crack at it essayons voir

• I'll have a crack at it je vais essayer

   f. ( = drug) crack m

2. transitive verb

   a. [+ pottery, glass, bone] fêler ; [+ nut] casser

• to crack one's skull se fendre le crâne

• to crack a safe (inf) percer un coffre-fort

   b. [+ whip] faire claquer

   c. to crack a joke (inf) raconter une blague

   d. [+ code] déchiffrer

• to crack a case résoudre une affaire

3. intransitive verb

   a. [pottery, glass] se fêler ; [ground] se fissurer ; [ice] se craqueler

   b. [whip] claquer

   c. [voice] se casser

   d. (British) (inf) to get cracking s'y mettre (inf)

• let's get cracking! au boulot ! (inf)

   e. [person] craquer (inf)

4. adjective

[sportsman, sportswoman] de première classe

• a crack shot un excellent fusil

5. compounds

► crack cocaine noun crack m

► crack house noun crack-house f

► crack-up (inf) noun

(physical) effondrement m ; (mental) dépression f nerveuse

► crack down on inseparable transitive verb

[+ person] sévir contre ; [+ expenditure, sb's actions] mettre un frein à

► crack up (inf)

1. intransitive verb

   a. (mentally) craquer (inf)

• I must be cracking up! (humorous) ça ne tourne plus rond chez moi ! (inf)

   b. (with laughter) se tordre de rire

2. separable transitive verb

   a. ( = distress) foutre en l'air (inf !)

   b. ( = amuse) faire marrer (inf !)

   c. it's not all it's cracked up to be (inf) ce n'est pas aussi sensationnel qu'on le dit

* * *
[kræk] 1.
noun

1) (in varnish, ground) craquelure f (in dans); (single line in wall, cup, mirror, ground, bone) fêlure f (in dans)

2) ( in door) entrebâillement m; ( in curtains) fente f; ( in rock) fissure f

3) ( drug) (also crack cocaine) crack m

4) ( noise) craquement m

5) (colloq) ( attempt) essai m, tentative f

to have a crack at doing — essayer de faire

to have a crack at — essayer de remporter [title]; essayer de battre [record]

6) plaisanterie f ( about à propos de)

a cheap crack — une plaisanterie facile
2.
adjective (tjrs épith) [player] de première; [troops, shot] d'élite
3.
transitive verb

1) ( make a crack in) fêler [mirror, bone, wall, cup]; ( make fine cracks in) fendiller, faire craqueler [varnish]

2) ( break) casser [nut, egg, casing]

to crack a safe — fracturer un coffre-fort

to crack something open — ouvrir quelque chose

to crack one's head open — se fendre le crâne

3) ( solve) résoudre [problem]; déchiffrer [code]

I've cracked it — (colloq) j'ai pigé (colloq) or compris

4) faire claquer [whip]; faire craquer [knuckles]

to crack somebody on the head — asséner un coup sur la tête de quelqu'un

to crack one's head on something — se cogner la tête sur quelque chose

to crack the whip — fig agiter le fouet

5) ( overcome) faire craquer [defences]

6)

to crack a joke — sortir une blague (colloq)
4.
intransitive verb

1) ( develop crack(s)) se fêler; [varnish] se craqueler; [skin] se crevasser; [ground] se fendre

2) ( cease to resist) [person] craquer

to crack under pressure — ne pas tenir le coup

3) ( make sound) [knuckles, twig] craquer; [whip] claquer

4) [voice] se casser

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- crack down

- crack up

••

not all ou not as good as it's cracked up to be — (colloq) pas aussi bon qu'on le prétend

to get cracking — (colloq) s'y mettre

go on, get cracking! — (colloq) vas-y, remue-toi! (colloq)

to have a fair crack of the whip — avoir sa chance

to give somebody a fair crack of the whip — donner sa chance à quelqu'un

English-French dictionary > crack
57 crack

[kræk] n

1) ( fissure) Riss m;

there was a \crack in the teacup die Teetasse hatte einen Sprung; ( fig)

\cracks began to show in his facade of self-confidence in seinem aufgesetzten Selbstbewusstsein wurden Sprünge sichtbar;

hairline \crack Haarriss m

2) ( narrow space) Ritze f, Spalt m;

to open a door/window [just] a \crack eine Tür/ein Fenster [nur] einen Spalt öffnen

3) ( sharp noise) of a breaking branch Knacken nt kein pl; of breaking ice Krachen nt kein pl; of a rifle Knall m;

a loud \crack of thunder ein lautes Donnerkrachen

4) ( sharp blow) Schlag m;

to give sb a \crack over the head jdm eins überziehen [o über den Schädel geben];

5) no pl ( illegal drug) Crack nt o m;

\crack house ( fam) Drogentreffpunkt m

6) ( joke) Witz m;

a cheap \crack ein schlechter Witz;

to make a \crack about sth einen Witz über etw akk reißen

7) (fam: attempt) Versuch m;

it was her first \crack at [beating] the world record es war ihr erster Versuch, den Weltrekord einzustellen;

to have a \crack at sth [or to give sth a \crack] etw [aus]probieren

PHRASES:

at the \crack of dawn im Morgengrauen;

the \crack of doom der Jüngste Tag;

to get/have a fair \crack of the whip ( Brit) eine [echte] Chance bekommen/haben adj

attr, inv erstklassig, Super- ( fam)

\crack marksman Meisterschütze m;

\crack shot Meisterschütze, -in m, f;

\crack regiment Eliteregiment nt vt

1) ( break)

to \crack a cup/ glass/ window einen Sprung in eine Tasse/ein Glas/eine Fensterscheibe machen

2) ( open)

to \crack sth [open] [or to \crack [open] sth] etw aufbrechen;

come round and we'll \crack [open] a bottle together komm doch vorbei, dann machen wir eine Flasche auf;

to \crack an egg ein Ei aufschlagen;

to \crack nuts Nüsse knacken;

to \crack [open] a safe ( fam) einen Safe knacken ( fam)

3) ( solve)

I've \cracked it! ich hab's!;

to \crack a code/ problem einen Code/ein Problem knacken ( fam)

4) ( hit)

to \crack sb on [or over] the head jdm eins auf/über den Schädel geben;

to \crack one's head/ elbow on sth sich dat den Kopf/Ellbogen an etw dat anschlagen

5) ( make noise)

to \crack one's knuckles mit den Fingern knacken;

to \crack a whip mit einer Peitsche knallen

PHRASES:

to \crack a joke einen Witz reißen ( fam)

to \crack the whip ein strengeres Regiment aufziehen vi

1) ( break) [zer]brechen, zerspringen; lips, paintwork aufspringen, rissig werden

2) (fam: break down) zusammenbrechen; relationship zerbrechen; facade abbröckeln

3) ( break down) zusammenbrechen;

his voice \crackd with emotion seine Stimme versagte vor Rührung;

to \crack during interrogation beim Verhör zusammenbrechen;

to \crack under pressure of work unter der Arbeitslast zusammenbrechen

4) ( make noise) breaking ice, thunder krachen; breaking branch knacken; shot, whip knallen

PHRASES:

to get \cracking ( fam) loslegen ( fam)

I'd better get \cracking on writing these letters ich sollte mich endlich mal dranmachen, diese Briefe zu schreiben;

get \cracking or we'll miss the train jetzt aber los, sonst verpassen wir den Zug

English-German students dictionary > crack
58 system

1) система || системный

2) система; установка; устройство; комплекс

3) программа

•

- accounting system
- adaptive control system
- address selection system
- addressing system
- advice-giving system
- AI planning system
- AI system
- analog computing system
- analog-digital computing system
- analysis information system
- application system
- arabic number system
- arithmetic system
- assembly system
- asymmetrical system
- atomic system
- attached processor system
- audio system
- authoring system
- automated office system
- automatic block system
- automatic checkout system
- automatic control system
- automatic search system
- automatic test system
- automatically programmed system
- automatically taught system
- autoprogrammable system
- axiomatic system
- backup system
- bad system
- bang-bang system
- base-2 system
- basic system
- batch-processing system
- binary system
- binary-coded decimal system
- binary-number system
- biquinary system
- bit-mapped system
- bit-slice system
- black-board expert system
- block parity system
- buddy system
- business system
- bus-oriented system
- bussed system
- CAD system
- call-reply system
- carrier system
- cause-controlled system
- character recognition system
- character-reading system
- chargeback system
- check sum error-detecting system
- chip-layout system
- clock system
- closed loop system
- closed system
- co-authoring system
- code recognition system
- code system
- coded-decimal system
- code-dependent system
- code-insensitive system
- code-sensitive system
- code-transparent system
- coding system
- coincident selection system
- cold system
- color-coded system
- command system
- common-bus system
- communication data system
- communications-oriented system
- complete articulated system
- computer system
- computer-aided design system
- computer-aided system
- computer-based system
- computer-based weapon system
- computerized system
- computing system
- concatenated coding system
- concealment system
- conservative system
- contention system
- continuous presence system
- control system
- controlled system
- controlling system
- coordinate system
- cordonnier system
- costrained vision system
- cross system
- crossbar switch system
- data acquisition system
- data collection system
- data exchange system
- data flow system
- data gethering system
- data handling system
- data management system
- data preparation system
- data processing system
- data reduction system
- data retrieval system
- data storage system
- data system
- data transmission system
- database management system
- database support system
- data-managed system
- decimal number system
- decimal system
- decimal numeration system
- decision support system
- decision-aided system
- decision-making system
- decision-support system
- decision-taking system
- decoding selection system
- decomposable system
- dedicated system
- degenerate system
- design library support system
- design-automation system
- design-verification system
- development support system
- development system
- digital communication system
- digital computing system
- direct-current system
- directly coupled system
- discrete system
- discrete-continuous system
- disk operating system
- display system
- distributed database management system
- distributed function system
- distributed intelligence system
- distributed parameter system
- distributed system
- distribution system
- double intermediate tape system
- down system
- drafting system
- dual system
- dual-computer system
- dual-processor system
- duodecimal number system
- duodecimal system
- duotricenary number system
- duotricenary system
- duplexed computer system
- duplex computer system
- dyadic number system
- dyadic system
- dynamic mapping system
- dynamic scene system
- dynamic support system
- electronic data processing system
- electronic sorting system
- encoding system
- equipment adapted data system
- erasing system
- error-controlled system
- error-correcting system
- error-detecting system
- executive file-control system
- executive system
- expert control system
- expert support system
- expert system
- expert-planning system
- externally pulsed system
- fail-safe system
- fail-soft system
- fan-out system
- fault-tolerant system
- feasible system
- federated system
- feed system
- feedback system
- feedforward control system
- fiche retrieval system
- file control system
- file system
- fixed-lenght record system
- fixed-point system
- fixed-radix numeration system
- floating-point system
- fluid transport system
- follow-up system
- forgiving system
- front-end system
- fuzzy expert system
- generic expert system
- geographically distributed system
- goal-seeking system
- good system
- graceful degradation system
- graphic data system
- graphics display system
- graphics system
- help system
- heterogeneous system
- hexadecimal number system
- hexadecimal system
- high-availability system

- homogeneous system
- host system
- hostless system
- host-satellite system
- human visual system
- hunting system
- hypermedia system
- imaging system
- incremental system
- independent system
- indirectly coupled system
- information storage and retrieval system
- information retrieval system
- information handling system
- information management system
- information processing system
- information system
- information-feedback system
- in-plant system
- input/output control system
- instruction system
- instrumentation management system
- integrated system
- intelligence system
- interactive control system
- interactive system
- intercommunicating system
- interlock system
- internal number system
- internal system
- Internet-enabled system
- interrupt system
- isolated system
- kernel system
- key-to-disk/tape system
- knowledge base management system
- knowledge system
- knowledge-based system
- large-scale computing system
- laser communication system
- layered control system
- legacy operating system

- level-signal system
- lexicon-driven system
- library reference system
- local-network system
- long-haul system
- lumped-parameter system
- machine tool control system
- machine-limited system
- machine-oriented programming system
- macroinstruction system
- macro system
- magnetic memory system
- magnetic recording system
- magnetic tape plotting system
- mail message system
- mail system
- mailbox system
- management information system
- man-machine system
- mapping system
- map-reading system
- mass memory system
- mass storage system
- master/slave system
- matrix memory system
- memory driver system
- memory system
- message handling system
- message system
- microcomputer system
- microfilm printing system
- midsplit system
- MIMO system
- mixed-base numbering system
- mixed-base number system
- mixed-radix numeration system
- model-based expert system
- modular system
- monitoring system
- monitor system
- mosaic system
- multiagent system

- multichannel system
- multicomputer system
- multidimensional system
- multifrequency system
- multilevel storage system
- multiloop system
- multimaster communication system
- multimicroprocessor system
- multiple computation system
- multiple-bus system
- multiple-coincident magnetic storage system
- multiple-output control system
- multiplex system
- multiport system
- multiprocessing system
- multiprocessor system
- multiprogramming computer system
- multiprogramming system
- multisite system
- multispeaker system
- multistable system
- multitasking operating system
- multiterminal system
- multiuser computer system
- multiuser system
- multiuser operating system
- multivariable system
- multivariate system
- negative-base number representation system
- negative-base number system
- network operating system
- node-replicated system
- noncomputerized system
- nonconsistently based number system
- nondegenerate system
- number representation system
- numbering system
- number system
- numeral system
- numeration system
- numerical system
- octal number system
- octal system
- office automation system
- off-line system
- on-demand system
- one-level storage system
- one-loop system
- one-over-one address system
- on-line system
- open-ended system
- open system
- open-loop system
- operating system
- operational system
- optical memory system
- overdetermined system
- overload-hold system
- page-on-demand system
- panelboard system
- paper-tape system
- parameter-driven expert system
- pattern recognition system
- peek-a-boo system
- peripheral system
- pipeline system
- polled system
- polymorphic system
- polyphase system
- portable system
- positional representation system
- Post-production system
- priority scheduling system
- priority system
- procedural expert system
- process control system
- processor-sharing system
- production control system
- production system
- program system
- programming system
- protection system
- pulse system
- pulse-or-no-pulse system
- pulse-signal system
- punch card computer system
- pure-binary numeration system
- purposeful system
- quadruplex system
- question-answering system
- queueing system
- queue system
- radix numbering system
- radix number system
- reactive system
- reading system
- real-time expert system
- real-time operating system
- real-time system
- reasoning system
- recognition system
- recording system
- recovery system
- reduntant number system
- reduntant system
- reflected binary number system
- reflected binary system
- refreshment system
- remote-access system
- replicating system
- representation system
- request-repeat system
- rerecording system
- residue number system
- residue system
- resource-sharing system
- restorable system
- retrieval system
- retrieval-only system
- rewrite system

- right-handed coordinate system
- robotic system
- robot system
- rule-based expert system
- rule-based system
- scalable system
- selection system
- self-adapting system
- self-adjusting system
- self-aligning system
- self-balancing system
- self-check system
- self-contained system
- self-correcting system
- self-descriptive system
- self-learning system
- self-organizing system
- self-sustained oscillation system
- self-test system
- sensor-based system
- sequential scheduling system
- sexadecimal number system
- sexadecimal system
- shared-files system
- shell expert system
- silicon-development system
- simplex system
- single-drive system
- single-inheritance system
- single-phase clock system
- single-site system
- single-user computer system
- SISO system
- skeletal expert system
- slave system
- soft-sectored disk system
- software system
- sound system
- source code control system
- source-destination system
- space-division system
- stabilizing system
- stable system
- stand-alone system
- start-stop system
- state-determined system
- stepped start-stop system
- stereo system
- stochastically disturbed system
- storage system
- stripped-down expert system
- subsplit system
- supervisor control system
- switching system
- symbolic assembly system
- syntactical system
- system explanation system
- system of logic
- system of notation
- system with delay
- system with time lag
- tabulating system
- tape data processing system
- tape drive system
- tape handling system
- tape operating system
- tape plotting system
- tape resident system
- tape-oriented system
- target system
- taught system
- telecommunictions system
- telecontrol system
- terminal system
- ternary number system
- ternary system
- test system
- testbed system
- text-to-speech system
- time-division system
- time-pattern control system
- time-shared system
- time-shared-bus system
- time-sharing system
- timing system
- total system
- translating system
- translation system
- translator writing system
- transmitting system
- tree-structured system
- trusted computer system
- two-failure mode system
- two-level return system
- two-level system
- two-phase clock system
- ultrastable system
- Unified system
- uninterruptible power system
- uniprocessor system
- unrestorable system
- unstable system
- up system
- variable-lenght record system
- virtual system
- virtual-memory operating system
- vision system
- visual system
- voice/audio processing system
- voice-response system
- volunteer system
- weighted number system
- weighted system
- writing system
- xerox copy system
- zero-one system

English-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > system
59 break

break [breɪk]

casser ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c) briser ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (i), 1 (j) fracturer ⇒ 1 (b) enfoncer ⇒ 1 (e) violer, enfreindre ⇒ 1 (f) rompre ⇒ 1 (h) couper ⇒ 1 (h) ruiner ⇒ 1 (k) amortir ⇒ 1 (l) se casser ⇒ 2 (a) se briser ⇒ 2 (a) se fracturer ⇒ 2 (b) cassure, brisure ⇒ 3 (a) fissure, fente ⇒ 3 (b) ouverture ⇒ 3 (c) interruption ⇒ 3 (d) pause ⇒ 3 (e) évasion ⇒ 3 (f) chance ⇒ 3 (g) changement ⇒ 3 (h)

(pt broke [brəʊk], pp broken ['brəʊkn])

1 transitive verb

(a) (split into pieces → glass, furniture) casser, briser; (→ branch, lace, string, egg, toy) casser;

∎ break the stick in two cassez le bâton en deux;

∎ to break sth into pieces mettre qch en morceaux;

∎ to get broken se casser;

∎ to break a safe forcer un coffre-fort;

∎ Religion to break bread (priest) administrer la communion; (congregation) recevoir la communion;

∎ figurative to break bread with sb partager le repas de qn;

∎ figurative to break sb's heart briser le cœur à qn;

∎ Ross broke her heart Ross lui a brisé le cœur;

∎ it breaks my heart to see her unhappy ça me brise le cœur de la voir malheureuse;

∎ figurative to break the ice rompre ou briser la glace

(b) Medicine (fracture) casser, fracturer;

∎ to break one's leg se casser ou se fracturer la jambe;

∎ to break one's neck se casser ou se rompre le cou;

∎ the fall broke his back la chute lui a brisé les reins;

∎ familiar figurative to break one's back s'échiner;

∎ familiar figurative they broke their backs trying to get the job done ils se sont éreintés à finir le travail;

∎ familiar we've broken the back of the job nous avons fait le plus gros du travail;

∎ familiar I'll break his neck if I catch him doing it again! je lui tords le cou si je le reprends à faire ça!;

∎ familiar figurative break a leg! merde! (pour souhaiter bonne chance)

(c) (render inoperable → appliance, machine) casser;

∎ you've broken the TV tu as cassé la télé

(d) (cut surface of → ground) entamer; (→ skin) écorcher; Law (seals → illegally) briser; (legally) lever;

∎ the seal on the coffee jar was broken le pot de café avait été ouvert;

∎ the skin isn't broken la peau n'est pas écorchée;

∎ to break new or fresh ground innover, faire œuvre de pionnier;

∎ scientists are breaking new or fresh ground in cancer research les savants font une percée dans la recherche contre le cancer

(e) (force a way through) enfoncer;

∎ the river broke its banks la rivière est sortie de son lit;

∎ to break the sound barrier franchir le mur du son;

∎ to break surface (diver, whale) remonter à la surface; Nautical (submarine) faire surface

(f) Law (violate → law, rule) violer, enfreindre; (→ speed limit) dépasser; (→ agreement, treaty) violer; (→ contract) rompre; (→ promise) manquer à; Religion (→ commandment) désobéir à; (→ Sabbath) ne pas respecter;

∎ she broke her appointment with them elle a annulé son rendez-vous avec eux;

∎ he broke his word to her il a manqué à la parole qu'il lui avait donnée;

∎ Law to break parole = commettre un délit qui entraîne la révocation de la mise en liberté conditionnelle;

∎ Military to break bounds violer la consigne

(g) (escape from, leave suddenly) Law

∎ to break jail s'évader (de prison);

∎ to break camp lever le camp;

∎ to break cover (animal) être débusqué; (person) sortir à découvert

(h) (interrupt → fast, monotony, spell) rompre; Electricity (→ circuit, current) couper; Typography (→ word, page) couper;

∎ we broke our journey at Brussels nous avons fait une étape à Bruxelles;

∎ a cry broke the silence un cri a déchiré ou percé le silence;

∎ the plain was broken only by an occasional small settlement la plaine n'était interrompue que par de rares petits hameaux;

∎ Military to break step rompre le pas

(i) (put an end to → strike) briser; (→ uprising) mater;

∎ the new offer broke the deadlock la nouvelle proposition a permis de sortir de l'impasse;

∎ he's tried to stop smoking but he can't break the habit il a essayé d'arrêter de fumer mais il n'arrive pas à se débarrasser ou se défaire de l'habitude;

∎ to break sb of a habit corriger ou guérir qn d'une habitude;

∎ to break oneself of a habit se corriger ou se défaire d'une habitude

(j) (wear down, destroy → enemy) détruire; (→ person, will, courage, resistance) briser; (→ witness) réfuter; (→ health) abîmer; (→ alibi) écarter;

∎ torture did not break him or his spirit il a résisté à la torture;

∎ this scandal could break them ce scandale pourrait signer leur perte;

∎ the experience will either make or break him l'expérience lui sera ou salutaire ou fatale

(k) (bankrupt) ruiner;

∎ her new business will either make or break her sa nouvelle affaire la rendra riche ou la ruinera;

∎ to break the bank (exhaust funds) faire sauter la banque;

∎ humorous buying a book won't break the bank! acheter un livre ne te/nous/ etc ruinera pas!

(l) (soften → fall) amortir, adoucir;

∎ we planted a row of trees to break the wind nous avons planté une rangée d'arbres pour couper le vent

(m) (reveal, tell) annoncer, révéler;

∎ break it to her gently annonce-le lui avec ménagement

(n) (beat, improve on) battre;

∎ to break a record battre un record;

∎ the golfer broke 90 le golfeur a dépassé le score de 90

(o) (solve → code) déchiffrer

(p) Sport

∎ to break sb's service (in tennis) prendre le service de qn;

∎ Hingis was broken in the fifth game Hingis a perdu son service dans le cinquième jeu

(q) (divide into parts → collection) dépareiller; (→ bank note) entamer;

∎ can you break a £10 note? pouvez-vous faire de la monnaie sur un billet de 10 livres?

(r) (horse) dresser

(s) Military (demote) casser

(t) Nautical (flag) déferler

(u) euphemism

∎ to break wind lâcher un vent

2 intransitive verb

(a) (split into pieces → glass, furniture) se casser, se briser; (→ branch, stick) se casser, se rompre; (→ lace, string, egg, toy) se casser;

∎ to break apart se casser ou se briser (en morceaux);

∎ the plate broke in two l'assiette s'est cassée en deux;

∎ to break into pieces se casser en morceaux;

∎ figurative her heart broke elle a eu le cœur brisé

(b) Medicine (fracture → bone, limb) se fracturer;

∎ is the bone broken? y a-t-il une fracture?;

∎ humorous any bones broken? rien de cassé?

(c) (become inoperable → lock, tool) casser; (→ machine) tomber en panne;

∎ the dishwasher broke last week le lave-vaisselle est tombé en panne la semaine dernière

(d) (disperse → clouds) se disperser, se dissiper; Military (→ troops) rompre les rangs; (→ ranks) se rompre

(e) (escape)

∎ to break free se libérer;

∎ the ship broke loose from its moorings le bateau a rompu ses amarres

(f) (fail → health, person, spirit) se détériorer;

∎ the witness broke under questioning le témoin a craqué au cours de l'interrogatoire;

∎ she or her spirit did not break elle ne s'est pas laissée abattre;

∎ their courage finally broke leur courage a fini par les abandonner

(g) (take a break) faire une pause;

∎ let's break for coffee arrêtons-nous pour prendre un café

(h) (arise suddenly → day) se lever, poindre; (→ dawn) poindre; Press & Television (→ news) être annoncé; (→ scandal, war) éclater

(i) (move suddenly) se précipiter, foncer

(j) (weather) changer; (storm) éclater

(k) (voice → of boy) muer; (→ with emotion) se briser;

∎ she was so upset that her voice kept breaking elle était tellement bouleversée que sa voix se brisait

(l) (wave) déferler;

∎ the sea was breaking against the rocks les vagues se brisaient sur les rochers

(m) Obstetrics

∎ her waters have broken elle a perdu les eaux

(n) American familiar (happen) se passer^□, arriver^□ ;

∎ to break right/badly bien/mal se passer

(o) Linguistics (vowel) se diphtonguer

(p) Sport (boxers) se dégager;

∎ break! break!, stop!

(q) Sport (ball) dévier

(r) Sport (in billiards, snooker, pool) donner l'acquit

(s) (idiom)

∎ to break even (gen) s'y retrouver; Finance rentrer dans ses frais

3 noun

(a) (in china, glass) cassure f, brisure f; (in wood) cassure f, rupture f; Medicine (in bone, limb) fracture f; figurative (with friend, group) rupture f; (in marriage) séparation f;

∎ a clean break (in object) une cassure nette; Medicine (in bone) une fracture simple;

∎ the break with her husband was a painful experience ça a été très pénible pour elle quand elle s'est séparée de son mari;

∎ her break with the party in 1968 sa rupture avec le parti en 1968;

∎ to make a clean break with the past rompre avec le passé

(b) (crack) fissure f, fente f

(c) (gap → in hedge, wall) trouée f, ouverture f; Geology (→ in rock) faille f; (→ in line) interruption f, rupture f; Typography (→ in word) césure f; (→ in pagination) fin f de page;

∎ a break in the clouds une éclaircie

(d) (interruption → in conversation) interruption f, pause f; (→ in payment) interruption f, suspension f; (→ in trip) arrêt m; (→ in production) suspension f, rupture f; (→ in series) interruption f; Literature & Music pause f; (in jazz) break m;

∎ guitar break (in rock) (courte) improvisation f de guitare;

∎ Electricity a break in the circuit une coupure de courant;

∎ Radio a break for commercials, a (commercial) break un intermède de publicité; Television un écran publicitaire, une page de publicité;

∎ Television a break in transmission une interruption des programmes (due à un incident technique)

(e) (rest) pause f; (holiday) vacances fpl; British School récréation f;

∎ let's take a break on fait une pause?;

∎ we worked all morning without a break nous avons travaillé toute la matinée sans nous arrêter;

∎ he drove for three hours without a break il a conduit trois heures de suite;

∎ you need a break (short rest) tu as besoin de faire une pause; (holiday) tu as besoin de vacances;

∎ an hour's break for lunch une heure de pause pour le déjeuner;

∎ lunch break pause f de midi;

∎ do you get a lunch break? tu as une pause à midi?;

∎ a weekend in the country makes a pleasant break un week-end à la campagne fait du bien;

∎ familiar give me a break! (don't talk nonsense) dis pas n'importe quoi!; (stop nagging) fiche-moi la paix!

(f) (escape) évasion f, fuite f;

∎ Law jail break évasion f (de prison);

∎ she made a break for the woods elle s'est élancée vers le bois;

∎ to make a break for it prendre la fuite

(g) familiar (opportunity) chance^□ f; (luck) (coup m de) veine f;

∎ you get all the breaks! tu en as du pot!;

∎ to have a lucky break avoir de la veine;

∎ to have a bad break manquer de veine;

∎ this could be your big break ça pourrait être la chance de ta vie;

∎ she's never had an even break in her life rien n'a jamais été facile dans sa vie;

∎ give him a break donne-lui une chance; (he won't do it again) donne-lui une seconde chance

(h) (change) changement m;

∎ a break in the weather un changement de temps;

∎ the decision signalled a break with tradition la décision marquait une rupture avec la tradition

(i) (carriage) break m

(j) literary

∎ at break of day au point du jour, à l'aube

(k) Sport

∎ to have a service break or a break (of serve) (in tennis) avoir une rupture de service (de l'adversaire);

∎ to have two break points (in tennis) avoir deux balles de break;

∎ he made a 70 break (in snooker, pool etc) il a fait une série de 70

►► Computing break character caractère m d'interruption;

Computing break key touche f d'interruption

➲ break away

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move away) se détacher; (escape) s'évader;

∎ I broke away from the crowd je me suis éloigné de la foule;

∎ he broke away from her grasp il s'est dégagé de son étreinte

(b) (end association with) rompre; (province → from State) se séparer;

∎ a group of MPs broke away from the party un groupe de députés a quitté le parti;

∎ as a band they have broken away from traditional jazz leur groupe a (complètement) rompu avec le jazz traditionnel

(c) Sport (in racing, cycling) s'échapper, se détacher du peloton

2 separable transitive verb

détacher;

∎ they broke all the fittings away from the walls ils ont décroché toutes les appliques des murs

➲ break back intransitive verb

(in tennis) = gagner le service de son adversaire après avoir perdu son propre service

➲ break down

1 intransitive verb

(a) (vehicle, machine) tomber en panne;

∎ the car has broken down la voiture est en panne

(b) (fail → health) se détériorer; (→ authority) disparaître; (→ argument, system, resistance) s'effondrer; (→ negotiations, relations, plan) échouer;

∎ radio communications broke down le contact radio a été coupé;

∎ their marriage is breaking down leur mariage se désagrège

(c) (lose one's composure) s'effondrer;

∎ to break down in tears fondre en larmes

(d) (divide) se diviser;

∎ the report breaks down into three parts le rapport comprend ou est composé de trois parties

(e) Chemistry se décomposer;

∎ to break down into sth se décomposer en qch

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (destroy → barrier) démolir, abattre; (→ door) enfoncer; figurative (→ resistance) briser;

∎ we must break down old prejudices il faut mettre fin aux vieux préjugés

(b) (analyse → idea, statistics) analyser; (→ reasons) décomposer; (→ account, figures, expenses) décomposer, ventiler; (→ bill, estimate) détailler; (→ substance) décomposer;

∎ the problem can be broken down into three parts le problème peut se décomposer en trois parties

➲ break forth intransitive verb

literary (light) jaillir; (storm, buds) éclater; (blossom) s'épanouir subitement

➲ break in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (train → person) former; (→ horse) dresser;

∎ a month should be enough to break you in to the job un mois devrait suffire pour vous faire ou vous habituer au métier

(b) (clothing) porter (pour user);

∎ I want to break these shoes in je veux que ces chaussures se fassent

(c) (knock down → door) enfoncer

2 intransitive verb

(a) Law (burglar) entrer par effraction

(b) (speaker) interrompre;

∎ to break in on sb/sth interrompre qn/qch

➲ break into inseparable transitive verb

(a) (of burglar) entrer par effraction dans; (drawer) forcer;

∎ they broke into the safe ils ont fracturé ou forcé le coffre-fort;

∎ they've been broken into three times ils se sont fait cambrioler trois fois

(b) (begin suddenly)

∎ the audience broke into applause le public s'est mis à applaudir;

∎ to break into a run/sprint se mettre à courir/à sprinter;

∎ the horse broke into a gallop le cheval a pris le galop

(c) (conversation) interrompre

(d) (start to spend → savings) entamer;

∎ I don't want to break into a £20 note je ne veux pas entamer un billet de 20 livres

(e) Commerce (market) percer sur;

∎ the firm has broken into the Japanese market l'entreprise a percé sur le marché japonais

➲ break off

1 intransitive verb

(a) (separate) se détacher, se casser;

∎ a branch has broken off une branche s'est détachée (de l'arbre)

(b) (stop) s'arrêter brusquement;

∎ he broke off in mid-sentence il s'est arrêté au milieu d'une phrase;

∎ they broke off from work (for rest) ils ont fait une pause; (for day) ils ont cessé le travail;

∎ to break off for ten minutes prendre dix minutes de pause;

∎ to break off for lunch s'arrêter pour déjeuner

(c) (end relationship) rompre;

∎ she's broken off with him elle a rompu avec lui

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (separate) détacher, casser;

∎ to break sth off sth casser ou détacher qch de qch

(b) (end → agreement, relationship) rompre;

∎ they've broken off their engagement ils ont rompu leurs fiançailles;

∎ to break it off (with sb) rompre (avec qn);

∎ Italy had broken off diplomatic relations with Libya l'Italie avait rompu ses relations diplomatiques avec la Libye

➲ break open separable transitive verb

(door) enfoncer; (lock, safe, till) forcer; familiar (bottle of wine etc) ouvrir^□, déboucher^□ ;

∎ to break a desk open ouvrir un bureau en forçant la serrure

➲ break out

1 intransitive verb

(a) (begin → war, storm) éclater; (→ disease, fire) se déclarer; (→ fight) se déclencher

(b) (become covered)

∎ to break out in spots or in a rash avoir une éruption de boutons;

∎ to break out in a sweat se mettre à transpirer;

∎ she broke out in a cold sweat elle s'est mise à avoir des sueurs froides

(c) (escape) s'échapper;

∎ to break out from or of prison s'évader (de prison);

∎ we have to break out of this vicious circle il faut que nous sortions de ce cercle vicieux

2 separable transitive verb

(bottle, champagne) ouvrir

➲ break through

1 inseparable transitive verb

(sun) percer;

∎ I broke through the crowd je me suis frayé un chemin à travers la foule;

∎ the troops broke through enemy lines les troupes ont enfoncé les lignes ennemies;

∎ she eventually broke through his reserve elle a fini par le faire sortir de sa réserve

2 intransitive verb

percer; figurative & Military faire une percée;

∎ figurative his hidden feelings tend to break through in his writing ses sentiments cachés tendent à transparaître ou percer dans ses écrits

➲ break up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (divide up → rocks) briser, morceler; Law (→ property) morceler; (→ soil) ameublir; (→ bread, cake) partager;

∎ she broke the loaf up into four pieces elle a rompu ou partagé la miche en quatre;

∎ illustrations break up the text le texte est aéré par des illustrations

(b) (destroy → house) démolir; (→ road) défoncer

(c) (end → fight, party) mettre fin à, arrêter; Commerce & Law (→ conglomerate, trust) scinder, diviser; Commerce (→ company) scinder; Politics (→ coalition) briser, rompre; Administration (→ organization) dissoudre; (→ empire) démembrer; (→ family) séparer;

∎ his drinking broke up their marriage le fait qu'il buvait a brisé ou détruit leur mariage

(d) (disperse → crowd) disperser;

∎ break it up! (people fighting or arguing) arrêtez!; (said by policeman) circulez!

(e) familiar (distress) bouleverser, retourner;

∎ the news really broke her up la nouvelle l'a complètement bouleversée

(f) American familiar (amuse)

∎ her stories really break me up! ses histoires me font bien marrer!

2 intransitive verb

(a) (split into pieces → road, system) se désagréger; (→ ice) craquer, se fissurer; (→ ship) se disloquer;

∎ the ship broke up on the rocks le navire s'est disloqué sur les rochers

(b) (come to an end → meeting, party) se terminer, prendre fin; (→ partnership) cesser, prendre fin; (→ talks, negotiations) cesser;

∎ when the meeting broke up à l'issue ou à la fin de la réunion;

∎ their marriage broke up leur mariage n'a pas marché

(c) (boyfriend, girlfriend) rompre;

∎ she broke up with her boyfriend elle a rompu avec son petit ami;

∎ they've broken up ils se sont séparés

(d) (disperse → clouds) se disperser; (→ group) se disperser; (→ friends) se quitter, se séparer

(e) British School

∎ we break up for Christmas on the 22nd les vacances de Noël commencent le 22;

∎ when do we break up? quand est-ce qu'on est en vacances?

(f) (lose one's composure) s'effondrer

(g) American familiar (laugh) se tordre de rire

➲ break with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (end association with → person, organization) rompre avec;

∎ the defeat caused many people to break with the party la défaite a poussé beaucoup de gens à rompre avec le parti

(b) (depart from → belief, values) rompre avec;

∎ she broke with tradition by getting married away from her village elle a rompu avec la tradition en ne se mariant pas dans son village

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > break
60 Fjalor i shkurtër terminoiogjik i informatikës

A

Abort - ndërprerje e operacionit, procesit ose procedures gjatë kryerjes së tij.

Accept - pranon.

Access time - koha e arritjes së të dhënave.

Accessories - veglat ndihmëse në Windows.

Adapter - kartelë për zgjerim e cila instalohet në kompjuter.

Adress register - numër hemksadecimal i cili e tregon adresën e lokacionit të caktuar të memorjes.

Algorithm - zgjidhja e një problemi hap pas hapi.

allocate - ndarje të resurseve të kompjuterit, si për shembull në disk, shtypës ose memorje të çdo skedari, shfrytëzuesi ose procesi.

alpha numeric characters - shenja alfanu-merike. Të gjitha shenjat që i shfrytëzon kompjuteri, përfshirë këtu edhe shkronjat, shifrat, shenjat për interpunksion dhe shenjat speciale, siç janë: \$, \@ i \#

ANSI (American National Standar Institute) - Instituti Nacional Amerikan për Standarde.

ASCII ( American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - Kodi amerikan për këmbim të informacioneve. Renditje standarde e shtatë shifrave binare (shifra e shtatë mund të jepet për kontroll të çiftësisë) e cila aplikohet për paraqitjen e shenjave në kompjuter.

Animation - animacion - Iluzion i lëvizjes me paraqitje të shpejtë të fotografive të njëpasnjëshme, e cila arrihet me përdorim të harduerit dhe softuerit përkatës. Programet më të njohura për animacion janë: 3 D Studio, Autodesk Chaos, Imagine etj.

Application - program i cili është i dedikuar për shfrytëzuesit e rëndomtë, i cili është i projektuar për kryerje të ndonjë pune të caktuar. Për shembull aplikacioni për kontabilitet financiar.

Application development tools - vegla për krijim të programeve aplikative.

ALU ( Arithmetic-Logic Unit) - njësi aritmetiko-logjike. Është pjesë e njësisë qendrore (çip i mikroprocesorit) e cila kryen operacione kryesore aritmetike dhe logjike me të dhënat.

Artificial Intelligence - intelegjencë artificiale. Emër i sistemeve të kompjuterit që duhet të shfaqin inteligjencë njerëzore, si kuptim për fjalën e thënë, si reagim ndaj ambientit të tyre fizik dhe adaptimit ndaj kushteve të tilla.

Ascending order - rendi i radhitjes së elementeve sipas rendit të rritjes, prej vlerave më të vogla kah më të mëdhatë (a, b, c...)

Assembler - përkthyes programor. Program i projektuar që t'i transformojë instruksionet simbolike në formë më të qëlluar për t'i kryer në kompjuter.

Assign - dhënie vlerë diçkaje që është shfrytëzuar në programim.

Asterisk - shenja * (yll). Përdoret si shenjë xhoker që mundëson specifikim të disa skedarëve përnjëherë.

Auto CAD - program aplikativ për projektim kompjuterik dhe disenjim.

B

Backbone - niveli më i lartë në një rrjet kierarkik kompjuterik.

Backslash - shenja \\ ( ASCII kodi 92). Përdoret në specifikimin e rrugës së diskut ku gjendet skedari i kërkuar.

Backspace - zhvendosje e kursorit për një vend prapa.

Backup - kopje rezerve. Bëhet kopje e përmbajtjes së diskut të kompjuterit dhe atë në mënyrë periodike, ndërsa vendoset në shirit magnetik ose në CD.

Bad sector - sektori jo në rregull. Pjesë e disketës ose diskut ku nuk nuk mund dhe ku nuk është e sigurt të shkruhen informacione

Bad trac table - tabelë e shtigjeve që nuk janë në rregull. Listë e pjesëve të çrregulluara fabrikisht dhe të pasigurta për shkruarje, e cila është e ngjitur në pjesën e prapme të diksut.

Bandwidth - njësi matëse për sasinë e të dhënave të cilat mund të transmetohen përmes ndonjë rrjeti të komunikimit në një sekondë.

Bar chart - diagram në formë të shiritave.

Bar code - paraqitje e shenjave alfanu-merike me ndihmën e vijave vertikale me gjatësi të ndryshme. Përdoret si mënyrë për shifrim universal të prodhimeve.

Bar code reader - lexues bar cod. Pajisje optike për lexim të shenjave bar cod.

BIOS (Basic Input Output System) - grup i programeve më të vogla detyra e të cilave është të shfaqë test rutinor kur kyçet kompjuteri, si dhe ta startojë sistemin operativ të kompjuterit.

BASIC - gjuhë programore e cila është e lehtë për mësim.

Batch - pako. Bashkësi e elementeve ose dokumeneteve të cilat përpunohen si tërësi.

Batch processing - përpunim paketor. Teknikë që përdor vetëm një inkuadrim të programit në memorjen kryesore për shkak të përpunimit të më tepër detyrave të veçanta njëra pas tjetrës.

Baud - bod. Kapacitet maksimal për transmetim të informacioneve në një kanal të komunikimit, i cili është njësi matëse e numrit të ndryshimeve të niveleve në sekondë.

Benchmark - krahasim. Program standard i cili shërben për përcaktimin e performansave të kompjuterëve të ndryshëm.

Beta version - version prove i softuerit para daljes së tij zyrtare në treg.

BIT ( Binary digiT) - shifra binare janë 0 dhe 1. Kompjuterët digjital procesojnë informacione në formë digjitale, ndërsa zbatojnë vetëm shifra të sistemit binar. Ato zakonisht paraqiten me tension prej 5 V për numrin 1, gjegjësisht 0 V për numrin O.

Binary file - skedar binar i cili përbëhet prej disa bitave, por i cili nuk është skedar tekstual. Zakonisht ato janë programe me fotografi.

Binary system - sistem binar. Sistem numërimi për shkruarje të numrave në kompjuter. Aty ka vetëm dy shifra 0 dhe 1.

Bps (Bits per second) - bit në sekondë. Masë për shpejtësinë e transmetimit të rrjetave kompjuterike

Blank - i zbrazët, i pashkruar. Shenjë që i përdoret për paraqitjen e vendit të zbrazët ndërmjet shenjave të shtypura.

Bold - shkronja me kontura më të trasha dhe më të errëta

Bookmark - reference e cila na drejton kah ndonjë dokument i caktuar hipertekstual i Internetit.

Boot - startimi i kompjuterit, gjatë së cilës fillon puna e sistemit operativ.

Boot block - pjesë e diskut ku gjendet softueri i cili i mundëson kompjuterit ta fillojë punën.

Boot disk - disk ose disketë prej së cilës startohet sistemi operativ.

Break - ndërpren. Sinjal special i cili e ndërpet punën e ndonjë programi. Shpesh fitohet me shtypje të tasteve Ctrl dhe C përnjëherë.

Browser - fletëkërkues. Program i cili është i dedikuar për shikimin e dokumenteve hipertekstuale të Internetit. Me ndihmën e tij shrytëzohet servisi më i dobishëm i Internetit WWW (W orld W ide W eb). Fletëkërkuesit më të njohur janë Microsoft Internet Explorer dhe Netscape Navigator.

Buffer - bafer. Vend në kujtesën kryesore të kompjuterit për ruajtje të përkohshme të të dhënave.

Bug - gabim, defekt. Gabim i paqëllimtë në program, për shkak të të cilit programi nuk punon si duhet. Në përkthimin më tekstual nënkupton bubë dhe mendohet se rrjedh prej ngjarjes kur mola është kapur për ndonjë relej të kompjuterëve të parë dhe e ka pamundësuar punën e tij.

Bullet - shenjë për renditje e cila përdoret në programet për përpunim të tekstit.

BBS (Bulletin Board System) - tabelë elektronike për shpallje. Shërbim telekomunikues përmes të të cilit konsumatorët komunikojnë, këmbejnë informata etj.

Bus - mbledhëse. E lidh pllakën amë të kompjuterit me procesorin, kujtesën, diskun dhe elementet tjera kompjuterike.

Byte - bajt. Tetë bita. Shpesh është numër binar tetëshifror i cili paraqet një shkronjë.

C

Cache - kesh. Pjesë e kujtesën e rezervuar për ruajtje të të dhënave që përdoren shpesh, te të cilat procesori ka qasje shumë më të shpejtë sesa në hard disk. Kujtesën kesh mund të gjendet në memorjen RAM ose në hard disk.

Cancel button - tast për shfuqizimin e funksionit të zgjedhur. Te numri më i madh i programeve tasti për shfuqizim aktivizohet me shtypjen e tastit Esc.

Case sensitive - dallimi i shkronjave të mëdha dhe të vogla. Me shpesh gjatë krahasimit të dy fjalëve apo teksteve.

CRT (cathode ray tube) - gypi katodik i ekranit.

CPU (C entral P rocessing U nit) - njësi qendrore e procesuimit. Zemër e kompjuterit personal. Udhëheq dhe drejton me të gjitha operacionet për përpunim të të dhënave.

Centronics port - portë e kompjuterit në të cilën shpesh lidhet shtypësi.

Chanel - kanal. Rrugë në të cilën transmetohet informacioni digjital në kompjuter.

Character - shenjë; karakter. Cilado shkronjë, shenjë e interpunksionit, ose ndonjë nga njëqind shenjat tjera që mund të vërehen në ekran, gjegjësisht të cilat mund të shtypen.

CPI (character per inch) - numër i shenjave në një inç. Njësi matëse për matjen e dendësisë së shkrimit. Shprehet me numër të shenjave në një inç.

Check box - kuti katrore për dialog e cila mund të jetë e kyçur ose e çkyçur, gjegjësisht të jetë e zgjedhur ose jo, ndonjë opcion në kornizën për dialog.

Checksum - shumë për kontroll. Shuma e numrave që përdoren për kontrollim të mbledhjes.

Click - klik. Shtypje dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut, pa mos e lëvizur.

Client - klient. Sistem i cili mund të punojë i pavarur, edhe pse në një masë edhe ky është i varur prej ndonjë sisitemi tjetër. Për kompjuterin që është i lidhur në rrjet kompjuterik shpesh thuhet se është klient.

Client-server network - rrjet i tipit klient-server.

Clip art - bashkësi e vizatimeve grafike dhe fotografive të shkruara në skedar të veçantë i cili është i arritshëm për përdorim të ndonjë aplikacioni, për shembull, për përpunim të tekstit ose të grafikës.

Clipboard - kohësisht, skladim i fshehur për tekst ose fotografi të cilat priten ose kopjohen.

Clock speed - shpejtësi e ores. Shpejtësia e punës së procesorit në kompjuter matet me megahercë (MHz) ose me gigahercë (GHz).Sa më e shpejtë është shpejtësia e procesorit, aq më tepër urdhëra mund të kryejë kompjuteri.

Clone - klon. Kompjuter i cili paraqet kopje të suksesshme të kompjuterit tjetër të (standardizuar). Më shpesh kjo u dedikohet atyre kompjuterëve të cilët janë kompatibil me kompjuterët e kompanisë IBM.

Cod - kod. Diçka që është shkruar me gjuhën kompjuterike, në letër ose në kompjuter.

Code page - faqe e koduar. Tabelë e cila tregon se cili karakter i përgjigjet shenjës në ekran dhe me shtypjen e tasterit a përfitohet e njëjta shenjë.

CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) -videokartelë e cila është më e vjetëruar.

COM port - portë seriale. Më shpesh në kompjuterët ekzistojnë dy porta seriale të shënuara si C0M1 dhe COM2.

Command interperter - program i cili i integron dhe i përpunon urdhërat e dhënë në kompjuter. Në sistemin operativ DOS është programi C0MAND.COM, ndërsa në WINDOWS është WIN.INI

COBOL (Common Business Orientated Language) - gjuhë progamore nga gjeneratat më të vjetra të cilat përdoren për aplikacione financiare.

Communication protocol - përmbledhje e programeve e cila mundëson transmetim dhe këmbim të të dhënave ndërmjet dy ose më tepër kompjuterëve.

CD (Compact Disc) - kompakt disk. Medium për memorim të të dhënave digjitale dhe audio. Në kompakt disk mund të vendoset muzikë prej 72 minutave ose të dhëna prej 650 MB.

CD ROM (Comapct Disc Read Only Memory) - njësi harduerike për leximin e kompakt disqeve. Me këtë njësi mund vetëm të lexojmë e jo edhe të shlyejmë ose të regjistrojmë të dhëna të reja.

COMPAQ (COMPAtibility Quality) - shenjë e prodhimeve cilësore të kompjuterëve desktop dhe laptop.

Compiler - kompajler; përkthyes. Program i cili i përkthen disa gjuhë të larta programesh në ndonjë gjuhë makinerike.

CompuServe - njëra ndër rrjetat më të mëdha të Internetit në botë. Klientëve të tyre ju ofron këmbim të skedarëve, të të dhënave, të postës elektronike etj.

CAD (Computer Aided Design) - shfrytëzim i kompjuterit për krijime të vizatimeve ose për projektime të ndonjë objekti ose sistemi. Programet më të njohura nga kjo sferë janë Auto Cad, Auto Sketch, Design CAD, Lab View etj.

CAM (Computer Aided Manifacture) - prodhim me ndihmën e kompjuterit.

CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) - vegël softuerike për programerët. Shfrytëzohen për planifikim, analizim si dhe projektim të dokumentacionit në softuerin kompjuterik.

Computer analyst - analitik kompjuteristik. Person i cili i definon problemet dhe saktësisht i pëcakton hapat për zgjidhjen e tyre me anë të kompjuterit.

Configuration - konfiguracion. Mënyrë e lidhshmërisë së kompjuterit me njësitë tjera periferike në një sistem të përbashkët.

Controller - vegël teknike e cila i mundëson veglës tjetër të komunikojë me kompjuterin.

Conversion - konverzion. Proces i transformimit të të dhënave (tekst, grafik) nga një format në tjetër.

Cooki file - skedar në të cilin ruhen skedarët e shfrytëzuar (cookies). Zakonisht gjendet në emërtuesin bashk me fletëkërkuesin (shembull në emërtuesin Internet Explorer).

Corel DRAW- Pako programore e dedikuar për vizatim dhe punim me fotografi.

Corrupted file - skedar i dëmtuar. Dëmtimi mund të jetë për shkak të ektorëve të diskut që nuk janë në rregull, prishjes fizike ose gabimeve të shkaktuara nga programi.

Crash - gjendje kur kompjuteri bie prej funksionimit të tij dhe më tutje nuk mund të përdoret. Pas kësaj kompjuteri zakonisht përseri startohet.

Current drive - disk me të cilin shfrytëzuesi punon momentalisht.

Cursor - kursori. Tregues i pozicionimit. Vijë vertikale e lëvizshme që dridhet dhe vezullon e që paraqitet në ekran si indikator vizuel e cila mund të dislokohet edhe vertikalisht edhe horizontalisht me anë të urdhërave prej tastierës.

Cyberphobia - kiberfobia. Frikë nga kompjuteri.

CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) - metodë e testimit për të dhënat dalëse nga disku për shkak të sigurisë prej gabimeve.

D

Data - të dhënat. Nocion i përgjithshëm për numrat, simbolet dhe madhësitë analoge të cilat shfrytëzohen si madhësi dalëse për përpunimin e kompjuterit.

Database - baza e të dhënave. Bashkësi e të dhënave të lidhura ndërmjet vete dhe të organizuara paraprakisht. Programet më të njohura për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave janë: Oracle, MS SQL Server, Informix, Sybase etj.

Data security - mbrojtje e të dhënave nga ndërhyrjet e qëllimta ose të rastësishme nga njerëz jo të autorizuar.

Data type - tip i të dhënave. Mund të jenë: tekstuale, numerike, logjike, dhe të dhëna të datave.

Dead lock - ndërprerje; bllokim. Situatë kur ndonjë program nuk mund të realizohet në kompjuter, për shkak se e pret rastin që faktikisht kurrë nuk do të ndodh.

Debug - testim i programit të kompjuterit me korrigjim të gabimeve të paraqitura në te.

Default value - ndonjë vlerë që nënkuptohet. Vlerë që programi automatikisht e zgjedh po qe se shfrytëzuesi nuk jep ndonjë vlerë tjetër. Për shembull ngjyrat që i jep WIND0WS-i janë default vetëm po qe se shfrytëzuesi nuk i përdor.

Defragmentation - defragmentim. Proces i bashkangjitjes i të dhënave të një programi në disk, që të mund të shpejtohet puna e tij. Është e preferueshme që defragmenting të bëhet një herë në javë, për të shpejtuar punën e diskut.

Density - dendësi. Njësi matëse për numrin e të dhënave të cilat mund të shkruhen në ndonjë medium (disketë, shirit magnetik etj).

Decsending sort - renditje me radhitje të kundërt.

Desktop - sipërfaqja aktive e ekranit gjatë punës me Windows, e cila përmban dritare dhe ikona.

Desktop computer - kompjuter i cili pozicionohet horizontalisht në tavolinën punës.

DTP (Desktop Publishing) - Pako e softuerit me të cilën kompjuteri mund të përdoret për disenj të dokumenteve, duke përfshirë fotografi, tekst dhe kontroll të pamjes së dokumenteve dhe shtypjen e tyre.

Destination file - skedar që pranon.

Device - vegël, mjet, përbërje, njësi. Nocion i përgjithshëm i cili shfrytëzohet për të identifikuar ndonjë komponentë të kompjuterit (disk, tastaturë, minak, etj).

Device driver - softuer i cili i mundëson kompjuterit të komunikojë me njësitë periferike.

DAT (Digital Audio Tape) - shirit magnetik në të cilin memorizohen të dhënat me sasi shumë të mëdha.

DVD (Digital Video Disk) - teknologji e harduerit e cila mundëson shiqimin e filmave, spoteve muzikore etj.

DMA (Direct Memory Access) - proces i transmetimit të një sasie të madhe të të dhënave ndërmjet diskut dhe kujtesës punuese të kompjuterit.

DirectX - varg i programeve standarde për aplikacione të Microsfti-t, i dedikuar për lojra dhe aplikacione multimediale.

Disk controller - kartelë e cila e lidh kompjuterin me diskun; zakonisht gjendet në pjesën e poshtme të diskut.

Disk drive - njësi fizike e cila e pranon dhe e kthen diskun magnetik dhe mundëson lexim dhe shkrim të të dhënave.

DOS (Disk Operating System) - njëri ndër sistemet më të njohura operative i cili është shumë përfshirës dhe shfrytëzohet nga kompjuterët personal. I prodhuar nga kompania Microsft në vitin 1982.

Domain - grup i kompjuterëve emrat e të cilëve e ndajnë të njëjtën prapashtesë. Shembull: com (firmë komerciale), org (organizatë pa përfitim), gov (qeveri), edu (institucion arsimor), net (provajder i Internetit). Njësoj ekzistojnë edhe prapashtesa të cilat i identifikojnë shtetet p.sh. mk prapashtesë për Maqedoninë.

Dpi (dots per inch) - pika në inç. Njësi për matjen e rezolutës së shtypjes në shtypës. Rezoluta te shtypësit amë sillet rreth 300 dpi, ndërsa te shtypësit lezër arrin deri në 1200 dpi.

Double click - klikim; shtypje e dyfishtë. Klikim i shpejtë dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut dy here pa lëvizjen e minakut ndërmjet dy klikimeve.

Double precision - precizitet i dyfishtë. Teknikë me të cilën paraqiten numrat me gjatësi të dyfishuar.

Download - kopjim i ndonjë programi ose skedari prej ndonjë kompjuteri kryesor në kompjuterin personal.

Draft quality - kualitet i shtypit, i cili është i lexueshëm, por nuk duket aq mirë për përdorim që ai dokument të botohet në ndonjë revistë ose libër. Zakonisht shfrytëzohet për nxjerrjen e kopjeve që të shkojë në korrekturë.

Drag-and-drop - tërheqje dhe lëshim i tastit të minakut.

Drop-down meni - Lista e urdhërave të menysë së aktivizuar, të radhitura njëra pas tjetrës.

DLL (Dynamic Link Library) - grup e funksioneve të cilat shfrytëzohen gjatë programimit në Windows.

E

EPROM (E lectrically P rogrammable R ead O nly M emory) - çip memorizues përmbajtja e të cilit nuk mund të ndryshohet.

E-mail (electronic mail) - postë elektronike. Njëri nga shërbimet më të njohura të Internetit me të cilin porositë dërgohen prej një kompjuteri në kompjuter tjetër.

Embedded object - objekt i ndërvënë.

EMM386.EXE - program i cili mundëson vendosjen e drajverave dhe programeve në hapësirën e lartë të memories.

Emulator - emulator. Program cili i mundëson kompjuterit të zbatojë programe të shkruara për kompjuter tjetër.

Encryption - shifrim. Kodim i porosisë me çka nuk mundësohet hyrje e palejuar deri te ajo.

EOF (end of file) - fund i skedarit. Shenjë për fundin e skedarit, e cila shfrytëzohet si indikator se këtu kryhen të dhënat.

Ethernet - rrjet lokal kompjuterik i konstruktuar prej llojit të kabllove me mundësi të bartjes deri më 10 Mbit/sec.

Event - rast; paraqitje. Moment kur paraqitet ndryshimi specifik i ndonjë gjendjeje.

Exchange - këmbim i informatave ndërmjet dy lokacioneve.

Exchengeable disk - disk transmetues. Tip i diskut i cili montohet në shtëpizë të posaçme dhe është i transmetueshëm.

Executable file - program zbatues. Skedar i cili mund të aplikohet në kompjuter.

Expression - shprehje matematikore ose logjike e shkruar në gjuhën programore

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Decimal Interchange Code) - kod i cili i përdorë tetë shifra binare të krijuara nga IBM, ndërsa i paraqet shenjat (shkronjat, numrat etj.) nga kompjuteri i cili i proceson.

External modem - modem i jashtëm. Modem në kuti të veçantë, kabllo dhe mbushës i cili më së shpeshti aktivizohet në portën seriale të kompjuterit.

Extranet - intranet i cili u është lënë në disponim klientëve dhe blerësve të jashtëm me qëllim që t'i shohin të dhënat. Më shpesh ata janë të siguruara me shifra që të ruhet siguria e blerësve.

F

Fan ventilator - ventilator i cili mundëson cirkulimin e ajrit nëpërmjet pjesëve kompjuterike dhe e pamundëson nxehjen e tyre.

Fatal error - gabim në programin kompjuterik i cili e ndalon funksionimin e tij.

Fault tolerance - tolerim i gabimeve. Aftësi e ndonjë sisitemi që ta vazhdojë funksionimin normal edhe pse ekziston problem në harduer ose softuer.

Fax modem - faks modem. Modem i aftësuar të pranojë dhe të dërgojë fakse. Në këtë rast fakset janë elektronike.

Fiber optics - fije optike. Mundëson shpejtësi të madhe të bartjes së të dhënave në rrjetat kompjuterike.

File - skedar; fajll; datotekë. Pa marrë parasysh çfarë informate, të grumbulluar dhe të inçizuar nën një emër. Skedari mund të përmban tekst, grafikon, program etj.

FAT (File Allocation Table) - tabelë e cila shërben për renditjen e skedarëve e cila gjendet në fillim të diskut dhe përmban informata për ata pjesë të diskut të cilat shfrytëzohen, pjesë të diskut të cilat nuk shfrytëzohen dhe ato të cilat nuk mund të shfrytëzohen për shkak të dëmtimit të blloqeve në disk.

File control system - program i cili udhëheq me bartjen e të dhënave nga ciladoqoftë pajisje deri në ndonjë pajisje tjetër.

File locking - përmbyllje e skedarit. Ndalesë që më tepër se një shfrytëzues ta ndërrojë përmbajtjen e skedarit.

File protection - mbrojtje e skedarit. Komandë e kompjuterit e cila e ndalon shkruarjen dhe fshirjen e të dhënave në skedar, por e lejon leximin e tyre.

Firewall - sistem rrjetor për sigurim i cili ndihmon në ndërprerjen e hyrjes së paautorizuar në sistemin kompjuterik; thjesht ky është kompjuter i lidhur në Internet dhe me të cilin zhvillohet i gjith komunikimi në Internet.

Floppy disk - disk i butë, disketë

Footer - tekst i cili paraqitet në pjesën e poshtme në secilën faqe.

FF (Form Feed) - urdhër i cili shfrytëzohet i që ta lëviz letrën në printer në faqe të re. Zakonisht në tabelën kontrolluese të printerit gjendet një tast i cili mundëson kryerjen e funksionit përkatës.

FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) - gjuhë programore e krijuar në kompaninë IBM e cila shfrytëzohej për programimin e aplikacioneve tekniko shkencore.

Freeware - programe pa pagesë, por të mbrojtura me ligj për autorizim

FAQ (Frequently Asked Question) - pyetje ose lista me pyetje dhe përgjigje të cilat janë shumë të shpeshta dhe shumë shfrytëzues ballafaqohen me këto të dhëna. Këto lista janë shumë frytdhënëse për shkak të këmbimit të informatave.

G

GIGO (Garbage In, Garbage Out) - princip në të cilën po qe se hyjnë të dhëna jokor-rekte dhe jovalide në kompjuter, ai do të japë rezultate jokorrekte dhe të pakuptimta.

GUI (graphical user interface) - interfejs grafik i shfrytëzuar për sisteme operative. Komunikimi ndërmjet shfrytëzuesit dhe programit zhviliohet me anë të shfrytëzimit të ikonave, dritareve dhe të ngjashme. Një shembull për një iterfejs të tillë që e shfrytëzojmë është Windows-i.

Guru - Njeri me kapacitet të lartë i cili dëshiron t'u ndihmojë të tjerëve në zgjedhjen e problemeve të tyre.

H

Hacker - haker. Person për të cilin kompjuteri është hobi. Sot shumë njerëz termin haker e identifikojnë me person i cili në mënyrë të paligjshme hy në kompjuter të huaj.

Halt - ndalesë. Ndalje e realizimit të operacioneve të renditura në programet kompjuterike.

Hand-held computer - kompjuter i vogël që mund të mbahet edhe në dorë.

Hang - rri varur. Mosfunksionim i kompjuterit. Kur kompjuteri rinë varur, i ekrani duket normal, por çfarëdo pune tjetër është e pamundur të futet në funksion.

Hard copy - rezultatet e shtypura në letër.

Hardware - hardueri, gjërat fizike apo të prekshme të kompjuterit.

Help - ndihmë. Funksion i cili është i pranishëm në shumë programe, i cili shërben si ndihmë e shfrytëzuesit për përdorimin e programit.

Hertz (Hz) - herc. Cikël në sekondë me të cilin matet shpejtësia e procesorit në kompjuter.

HEX (Hexadecimal) - Sisitem numëror në matematik, në të cilin si bazë e numërimit është numri 16. Për shfaqjen e numrave përdoren shifrat 0-9 dhe shkronjat A-F. Është shumë i qëlluar për përdorimin e kalkulimeve kompjuterike.

Hidden file - skedar i fshehur. Skedar i cili përmban atribute të cilat nuk lejojnë që emri i skedarit të kopjohet, të fshihet ose të shfletohet.

High tech - teknologji e lartë

Host computer - kompjuter kryesor me të cilin lidhen kompjuterët tjerë.

Hot key - tast ose kombinim i tasteve i cili zbaton instruksion të përcaktuar pa marrë parasysh se çka punon procesori në momentin e dhënë.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) - format hipertekstual për punë me dokumente. Shërben për krijimin e dokumenteve WEB në internet.

Hub - hab. Paisje në të cilën kyçen kompjuterët të cilët janë të lidhur në rrjet.

Hyphenation - ndarje e fjalëve

I

Illegal - jolegal. Parametra hyrëse të cilët janë të papranuara, për shkak se nuk i përmbushin specifikacionet e vendosura në programe.

Image processing - përpunim i grafikonëve

Imaging - proces i shkrimit të grafikës në ndonjë medium, për shembull në shirit.

Implementation - implementim. Instalim i sitemit kompjuterik.

Infrared - teknologji e cila shfrytëzon ndriçimin për lidhjen të kompjuterëve pa kabëll.

Initialization - inicializim. Operacion për formatim të diskut ose disketës, si dhe përgatitje për shkruarjen dhe përdorimin e të dhënave.

Ink-jet printer - shtypës pështyes që hedh ngjyrën në letër.

Input data - të dhënat hyrëse.

Insert mod - rregull për futjen e të dhënave.

Install - instalim, futja fillestare e ndonjë programi në kompjuter.

Instruction - instruksion. Urdhër i destinuar për mikroprocesorin.

Integer - numër i plotë pa presje decimale

L

Line printer - shtypës i cili shtyp përnjëherë një rresht tekst.

Link- lidhje; lidhshmëri.

Load - mbushje, futje e programit në memorje.

LAN (Local Area Network) - rrjet lokal në kuadër të një hapësire ose ndërtese. Lidhje e dy ose më tepër kompjuterëve me kabllo me qëllim të këmbimit të informatave.

Local printer - shtypës i cili është i lidhur drejtpërdrejt me një stacion punues, i cili nuk është në disponim të shfrytëzuesve tjerë të rrjetit.

Login - Paraqitje në kompjuter. Në këtë rast kompjuteri kërkon nga shfrytëzuesi që të identifikohet me emrin dhe shifrën.

Logoff- çlajmërim. Largim nga puna me kompjuter.

Loop - cikël. Renditje të instruksioneve kompjuterike të cilat praktikohen me anë të përsëritjeve, gjersa nuk përmbushet ndonjë kusht.

M

Machine code - kod makine. Përmbledhje e instruksioneve kompjuterike në ndonjë kompjuter të posaçëm i cili niund ta kryejë urdhërin.

Macro - makro. Serial i urdhërave të cilat kryhen me shtypjen e një tasti ose me ndonjë urdhër. Në të shumtën e rasteve i shkruan vetë shfrytëzuesi për ta lehtësuar punën gjatë përsëritjeve të një morie urdhërash.

Mailbox - sandëku postar.

Main program - pjesë kryesore e programit e cila i kontrollon nënprogramet.

Mass storage - pajisje në të cilën mund të vendoset një numër i madh i të dhënave.

Medium - medium. Bartës i të dhënave, shpesh mendohet në disketë, CD-ROM dhe të ngjashme.

MMU (Memory Management Unit) - pajisje e cila udhëheq kujtesën.

Merge - bashkim, kombinim i dy ose më tepër skedarëve.

Message - porosi nga kompjuteri e cila informon për diçka.

MIDI file - skedarë me përshkrime muzikore.

MIPS (Million Instruction Per Second) -milion instuksione në sekondë. Njësi matëse për shpejtësinë me të cilën procesori i kryen instruksionet. Për shembull, procesori Pentium i cili punon në 100 MHz kryen 100 milionë instruksione në sekondë, pra 100 MIPS-a.

Millisecond (ms) - milisekondë. Kohë e barabartë me pjesën e njëmijtë të sekondës. Shfrytëzohet për shprehjen e shpejtësisë te hard disqet.

Mode - regjim i punës; mënyrë e punës. Njëra nga gjendjet alternative të punës së kompjuterit.

MODEM (MOdulator/DEModulator) - modem. Regullator i cili të dhënat e dërguara i shndërron në sinjal telefonik, të qëlluara për lidhje të drejtpërdrejtë telefonike.

Motherboard - pllaka amë e kompjuterit në të cilën janë të lidhura të gjitha elementet e harduerit.

Multimedia - kombinim i tekstit me fotografi dhe zë, videoanimacion.

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) - standard për bashkangjitjen e skedarëve në porositë elektronike.

Multitasking - aftësi e sistemit operativ që njëkohësisht të ushtrojë më shumë programe.

N

Network - rrjet i kompjuterit.

NetWare - sistem operativ rrjetor i shpikur nga kompania Novell.

Network adapter - adapter i rrjetit. Kartelë e cila instalohet në kompjuter përmes të cilës ai lidhet në rrjet.

Network administrator - njeriu i cili e mbikëqyrë punën e rrjetit kompjuterik dhe që udhëheqë me të.

Network protocol - protokoll rrjetor. Bashkësi e standardeve kompjuterike në një rrjet.

Node - nyje, pika ngjitëse në rrjein kompjuterik

Non-interlaced - sa i përket disa monitorëve te të cilët topi elektronik pas një kohe e kalon ekranin pa mos lëshuar asnjë vijë.

Notebook computer - kompjuter i vogël me format sa një faqe e letrës.

Numeric keypad - tastierë numerike.

O

OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) -mënyrë e këmbimit të informatave ndërmjet dy skedarëve me aplikim të njëjtë ose të ndryshëm në Windows.

Off-line - i çkyçur

On-line - i kyçur

ODBC (Open Data Base Connectivity) - standard i cili mundëson hyrje në sisteme të ndryshme të bazave të të dhënave.

Operating System - sistem operativ. Softuer i cili është lidhje ndërmjet shfrytëzuesit dhe kompjuterit.

Optical cable - kabëll optik për lidhje rrjetore të kompjuterëve me të cilin arihet shpejtësi e madhe në përcjelljen e të dhënave.

OCR (Optical Character Recognition) - njohje e simboleve optike. Program i cili identifikon shenjat e shkruara dhe ato të shtypura dhe pastaj krijon skedar tekstual.

OEM (Original Equipment Manifacturer) - prodhues i komponenteve të ndryshëm, të cilët pastaj lidhen me klientin, e emri i tij figuron në kompjuter.

Overflow - tejkalim. Gjendje e cila paraqitet si rezultat i operacionit aritmetik; e tejkalon kapacitetin e kujtesës për ruajtjen e rezultatit.

Overload - ngarkim i tepërt. Ngarkim më i j madh sesa pajisja; mund ta mban atë për të cilën është konstruktuar.

Overstrike - nënvizim.

Overtype - shkrim përmbi tekst.

Overwrite - mbulim i informatës e cila më parë ka qenë në atë vend.

P

Page break - ndërprerje e faqes. Vend ku mbaron një faqe dhe fillon faqja tjetër.

Page layout - pamje e faqes

Ppm (pages per minute) - faqe në minute. Njësi matëse e shpejtësisë së shtypësit gjatë shtypjes.

Pagination - operacion automatik te programet për përpunimin e tekstit, i cili shërben për renditjen e tekstit nëpër faqe me numerimin e tyre.

Palmtop computer - kompjuter i vogël i cili mund të mbahet në një dorë.

PASCAL - Paskali. Gjuhë kompjuterike.

Password - Fjalë e fshehur e cila përdoret për hyrje në sistemin kompjuterik.

Patch - arnim. Ndryshim i kodit programor, i cili zakonisht bëhet pas mbarimit të softuerit me qëllim që të përmirësohen disa gabime.

Path name - emri i datotekës së bashku me rrugën me të cilën arihet deti tek ajo.

Pause - pauzë. Tast ose urdhër i cili përkohësisht e ndërpren punën e ndonjë programi.

Peer-to-peer - rrjet lokal ku çdo kompjuter i kyçur është i barabartë. Në rrjet nuk ekziston server.

Peripheral device - pajisje e harduerit e cila kyçet në kompjuter.

Permanent SWAP file - skedar i përhershëm në Windows me të cilin shtresohen të dhënat dhe instruksionet programore kur nuk mund të vendosen në kujtesën RAM.

PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) - komitet i cili krijoj standarde për memorje me kapacitet më të madh e aplikuar te kompjuterët laptop.

PIXEL (Picture Element) - Element më i vogël i monitorit kompjuterik i cili mundë të kontroliohet. Sa më i madh të jetë numri i pikselave, aq më e mirë është rezoluta.

Pirate - person i cili merret me formën ilegale të kopjimit të softuerave.

Plasma display - teknologji e përdorur për konstruimin e ekranit te kompjuterët laptop.

Plotter - vizatues. Pajisje e cila shërben për vizatimin e rezultateve të përfituara nga kompjuteri.

Plug and play - kyçe dhe puno. Pajisje të cilat kompjuteri automatikisht i detekton dhe i instalon drajverat e nevojshëm në të.

Pointer - tregues. Fotografi e vogël në ekran, zakonisht në formë të shigjetës; lëvizjet e saja kontrollohen nëpërmjet minakut.

Port - portë; lidhje; hyrje.

Portability - përcjellshmëri. Cilësi e programave kompjuterike që të mund të adaptohen në lloj-lloj tipash të kompjuterëve.

Power supply - furnizues i rrymes te kompjuteri.

Print queue - pritje, rend për shtyp.

Print server - zakonisht njëri prej kompjuterëve në rrjet i cili dirigjon me të gjitha kërkesat për shtyp dhe me të gjithë shtypësit që janë të lidhura në rrjet.

Printer driver - softuer i cili i mundëson kompjuterit që të punojë me shtypësin.

Procedure - rradhitje e instruksioneve kompjuterike të cilat bashkarisht veprojnë për një nevojë dhe detyrë të caktuar.

Processing - përpunim i të dhënave.

Programming language - gjuhë programore me të cilën programeri e shkruan programin kompjuterik.

Prompt - shenjë për thirrje; shërben për shkruarjen e urdhërave.

Purge - shlyerje pas së cilës të dhënat e shlyera nuk mund të kthehen më.

Q

Query - pyetje. Instruksion kompjuterik i cili i parashtron pyejte bazës së të dhënave.

Quit - ndalje. Urdhër me të cilën para kohe ndalet ekzekutimi i programit.

QWERTY - tastier në të cilën rreshti më i lartë i saj fillon me shkronjat Q, W, E, R, T, Y. Ekzistojnë edhe lloje tjera të tastierëve si per shembull QWERTZ.

R

Radio button - radio sustë. Mund të zgjedhim vetëm një sustë të këtij lloji në program.

RAM (Random Access Memory) - kujtesa kryesore kompjuterike në të cilën janë të vendosura të dhënat të cilat përpunohen.

Read-only - vetëm lexim. Të dhënat mund të lexohen, por jo edhe të ndryshohen.

ROM (Read Only Memory) - kujtesa e pashlyeshme nga e cila mund të lexohen të dhënat.

RTC (Real Time Clock) - Çip kompjuterik i cili ka funksion të orës që ta informojë kompjuterin për kohën e saktë, datën dhe vitin.

Reboot - përsëri startim të kompjuterit, zakonisht për shkak të rënies së sistemit.

Record - grup i të dhënave të cilat i takojnë një grupacioni. Për shembull, emri i ndonjërit, mbiemri, adresa dhe numri i telefonit.

Recover - kthim në gjendjen normale të punës pas paraqitjes së gabimit në sistem.

RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Drives) - kombinim i më shumë disqeve me qëllim që të rritet siguria e të dhënave nga ndonjë humbje e paparashikuar.

Refresh rate - shpejtësi për freski. Numër maksimal i fotografive që mund të shfaqen në ndonjë monitor për një sekondë. Paraqitet me herc.

RDBMS (Relational Data Base Management System) - sistem për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave.

Remote computer - kompjuter i larguar.

Remote control program - program me komandim prej së largu.

Repeat delay - koha e nevojshme që të shtypet një tast e që të paraqitet karakteri i cli përgatitet që të dale në ekran.

Reset button - sustë për resetim. Sustë në pjesën e përparme të shtëpizës së kompjuterit e cila shërben për vënien e sistemit në gjendjen fillestare të saj.

Resolution - qartësi e përshkruarjes në ekran apo në shtypës.

Response time - kohë për përgjigje nga ana e kompjuterit për ndonjë kërkesë përkatëse.

Restart - startim i përsëritur i kompjuterit.

Retreive - gjetje dhe ndarje në veçanti e ndonjë informate të përcaktuar.

Retry - orvatje e sërishme për të kryer ndonjë instruksion të programit.

Ring network - rrjet unazor.

RJ-45 - konektor i cili i ngjan lidhjes telefonike, por ka 8 tela në vend që të ketë 4.

Root directory - direktoriumi kryesor i një disku.

Router - udhërëfyes. Pajisje rrjetore e cila i dërgon të dhënat në rrjet duke e zgjedhur rrugën më të mirë.

S

Safe mode - gjendje në të cilën startohet Windows-i kur paraqitet ndonjë konflikt në harduer.

Save - shkrim i të dhënave në disk, ku nuk mund të humben pas mbylljes së kompjuterit.

Scanner - skener. Mjet i cili në mënyrë optike lexon ndonjë dokument dhe e shndërron në skedar grafiko-digjital.

Screen - ekran.

Scroll - lëvizje e tekstit lart-poshtë.

Search engine - program për kërkimin e të dhënave. Makina më të njohura për kërkim në internet janë: Yahoo, Altavista, Google etj.

Server - kompjuter në rrjet i cili disa nga resurset e veta i vë në disponim të ndonjë kompjuteri tjetër.

Session - koha në të cilën një shfrytëzues e kalon në rrjet.

Set up - një sistem të vihet në gjendje pune.

Shared file - skedar i përbashkët.

Shut down - kryerje e punës së një sistemi operativ të kompjuterit ose çkyçje e kompjuterit.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) - protokoll i cili shfrytëzohet për udhëheqjen e këmbimit të postës elektronike ndërmjet dy kompjuterëve.

Slave - i nënshtruar. Kompjuter i cili është i kontrolluar nga një kompjuter tjetër.

Software - të gjitha programet të cilat mund të shfrytëzohen në një kompjuter.

Software development tool - vegla për zhvillimin e programeve.

Sort - renditje e të dhënave me radhitje të re.

Sound card - kartë për zërim.

Storage - kujtesë.

String - varg i shenjave.

SQL (Structured Query Language) - pako e programeve për udhëheqjen e bazave të të dhënave.

Switch - ndërprerës.

System software - softuer sistemor (p.sh. MS-DOS, Windows etj).

English-Albanian dictionary > Fjalor i shkurtër terminoiogjik i informatikës

Страницы

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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