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1 βοηθέω
βοηθέω fut. βοηθήσω, 1 aor. ἐβοήθησα, impv. βοήθησον. Pass. fut. βοήθηθησομαι (cp. Is 44:2; Da 11:34 Theod.); 1 aor. ἐβοηθήθην LXX (s. βοήθεια; Aeschyl., Hdt.+) to render assistance to someone in need, furnish aid. βοηθεῖτε help! (Aristoph., Vesp. 433 ὦ Μίδα καὶ Φρὺξ βοηθεῖτε δεῦρο) Ac 21:28.—Render assistance help, come to the aid of τινί someone Mt 15:25; Mk 9:22; Ac 16:9 (cp. Epict. 2, 15, 15 νοσῶ, κύριε• βοήθησόν μοι; Josh 10:6; Jos., Bell. 1, 56); Hb 2:18; Rv 12:16; 1 Cl 39:5 (Job 4:20); 2 Cl 8:2; IRo 7:1; D 12:2; AcPl Ha 6, 34; 10, 3 (cp. MartPl 4 [=Aa I 114, 12]). βοήθει μου τῇ ἀπιστίᾳ help my lack of faith, or = μοι ἀπιστοῦντι Mk 9:24.—God as helper (Sb 158 ὁ θεὸς αὐτῷ ἐβοήθησε; PGM 13, 289 βοήθησον ἐν ἀνάγκαις; EPeterson, Εἷς θεός 1926, 3f; 309 al.) 2 Cor 6:2 (Is 49:8).—B. 1353. Schmidt, Syn. IV 148–61. DELG s.v. βοή. M-M. TW. -
2 διακονέω
διακονέω (s. two next entries) impf. διηκόνουν; fut. διακονήσω; 1 aor. διηκόνησα; pf. inf. δεδιηκονηκέναι (AssMos Fgm. k, Denis p. 67); aor. pass. διηκονήθην, for augm. s. B-D-F §69, 4; W-S. §12, 6; Mlt-H. 192 (Soph., Hdt. et al.; rare in ins, pap; never in LXX, but in Philo, Joseph.) gener. to render service in a variety of ways either at someone’s behest or voluntarily and freq. with suggestion of movement.① to function as an intermediary, act as go-between/agent, be at one’s service w. intermediary function either expressed or implied (lead tablet Sb 4947, 2 διακόνησόν μοι; in lover’s petition ‘serve as intermediary [medium] for me’ PWarr 21, 4; 8; Lucian, Cont. 1 of Hermes as messenger for Zeus; Theophr. Char. 2, 9 fetch things; Just., D. 79, 2; cp. the role of Repentance JosAs 15:7) w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing οὐχ ἑαυτοῖς ὑμῖν δὲ διηκόνουν αὐτά they were not acting as agents in their own behalf but for yours in the things 1 Pt 1:12 (for a service consisting in the delivery of a message cp. Jos., Ant. 6, 298). For a similar contrast, and with suggestion of an intermediary’s mission: οὐκ ἦλθεν διακονηθῆναι ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι came not to be served, but to serve Mt 20:28; Mk 10:45 (i.e. the Human One [Son of Man] came to carry out an assignment not to benefit himself but others [by giving his life in ransom]; cp. Mt 4:11; par. Mk 1:13 [service rendered by divine messengers]). Of Jesus carrying out his mission [ἀ]νῆλθε[ν δια]κονῶν AcPl BMM verso 13f.— Phlm 13 suggests that Onesimus can be used by Paul on assignment in behalf of the gospel. πορεύομαι … διακονῶν τοῖς ἁγίοις on an errand to God’s people (REB) Ro 15:25 (s. 3).—Of delivery of an object: χάρις διακονουμένη ὑφʼ ἡμῶν gift that we are transmitting (a ref. to the collection for whose delivery they have accepted responsibility) 2 Cor 8:19; cp. vs. 20. In imagery, ἐπιστολὴ Χριστοῦ διακονηθεῖσα ὑφʼ ἡμῶν a letter of Christ, delivered by us 2 Cor 3:3 (WBaird, Letters of Recommendation: JBL 80, ’61, 190).② to perform obligations, without focus on intermediary functionⓐ of unspecified services perform duties, render assistance, serve τινί someone (Demosth. 9, 43; UPZ 18, 23 [163 B.C.]; δαίμοσι δ. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 51, 38) Mt 8:15; Mk 1:31; Lk 4:39; GJs 6:3; διακονοῦσαι αὐτῷ being at his service Mt 27:55; cp. Mk 15:41. διακόνει μοι serve me Hs 8, 4, 1, cp. 2; J 12:26; Ac 19:22. Also εἰς ἑαυτοὺς αὐτὸ δ. serve one another w. it 1 Pt 4:10. W. acc. of thing ὅσα διηκόνησεν what services he rendered 2 Ti 1:18; cp. Hs 2:10. Abs. (POxy 275, 10 [I A.D.]) 1 Pt 4:11. Pass. (Jos., Ant. 10, 242); ἁπλῶς δ. complete a service in simplicity of heart Hm 2:6.ⓑ of attention at meals wait on someone (τινί) at table (Menand., Fgm. 272; Pyrgion [Hellenistic times]: 467 Fgm. 1 Jac. [a communal meal in Crete]; Diod S 4, 36, 2; 5, 28, 4; Philo, Vi. Cont. 70; TestJob 12:1 al.; Jos., Ant. 11, 163; 166) Lk 12:37; 17:8. Abs. 10:40; J 12:2; GJs 6:3. In imagery ὡς ὁ διακονῶν waiter Lk 22:26f.③ to meet an immediate need, help w. dat. (Iren. 1, pr. 3 [Harv. I 7, 1]) πότε οὐ διηκονήσαμέν σοι; when did we not help you? Mt 25:44 (but s. 4, Collins). ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων helped to support them w. their means Lk 8:3 (KTorjesen, When Women Were Priests ’93, 53ff); the saints Ro 15:25 (JO’Rourke, CBQ 29, ’67, 116–18; but s. 1); Hb 6:10.④ to carry out official duties, minister, in cultic context (of holy service at the altar Jos., Ant. 3, 155; cp. PGM 36, 304 and 335 παρὰ θεοῖς δ.) of διάκονοι 1 Ti 3:10; καλῶς δ. vs. 13. ἀγνῶς καὶ σεμνῶς Hv 3, 5, 1. Opp. κακῶς Hs 9, 26, 2. Collins (s. below) p. 65 argues for placement of Mt 25:44 in this classification: those consigned to perdition plead their total dedication to the Lord’s interests.⑤ Ac 6:2 poses a special problem: care for, take care of w. dat. of thing τραπέζαις look after tables can be understood of serving food at tables (cp. βούλομαι … διακονῆσαι τοῖς πτωχοῖς σήμερον ἐν τῇ σῇ τραπέζῃ TestJob 12:1), but it is improbable that some widows would be deprived of food at a communal meal. The term διακονία vs. 1 more probably refers to administrative responsibility (s. διακονία 5), one of whose aspects is concern for widows without specifying the kind of assistance that is allotted. Vs. 2 may contain wordplay involving the phrase τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, w. λόγος designating a ledger entry, in which case τράπεζα, which is also a banker’s term (s. L-S-J-M s.v. II), may here denote accounts (s. τράπεζα 1c).—WBrandt, Dienst u. Dienen im NT ’31; ESchweizer, D. Leben des Herrn in d. Gemeinde u. ihren Diensten ’46; PBoulton, Διακονέω and Its Cognates in the 4 Gospels: TU 73, ’59, 415–22. JCollins, Diakonia ’90.—DELG s.v. διάκονος. M-M. TW. -
3 ὠφελέω
A , etc.: [tense] aor.ὠφέλησα Hdt.3.127
, etc.: [tense] pf.- ηκα Hp. Acut.44
, Pl.Grg. 511e, etc.: [tense] plpf. :—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ὠφεληθήσομαι And.2.22
, Is.10.16, Hp.Int.35, X.Cyr.3.2.20; more freq. [tense] fut. [voice] Med. in pass. sense,ὠφελήσομαι Th.6.18
, 7.67, Pl.R. 343c, X.Mem.1.6.14, v.l. in Lys.19.61: [tense] aor.ὠφελήθην Th.2.39
, 5.90, etc.: [tense] pf. , Pl.Grg. 512a, etc.: [tense] plpf.ὠφέλητο Th.6.60
: ([etym.] ὄφελος):—help, aid, succour, first in Hdt. (v. infr.); opp. βλάπτω, Th.6.14, Pl.Phd. 107d; opp. ζημιόω, Isoc.6.5.—Construction:I abs., to be of use or service,τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα A.Pr.44
, cf. S.Fr. 196, E.IA 348(troch.), X.Oec.1.9;οὐδὲν ὠφελεῖ Th.2.87
;τὸ πολλάκις ὠφελοῦν Isoc.8.35
.2 c. acc. pers., to be of service to, benefit, Hdt.2.95, A.Pr. 507;τὰς ψυχὰς ὠ. διδάσκοντες X.Cyr.2.3.23
; ὠ. τινα ἔς τι to be of use to one towards a thing, Th. 4.75; τί δέ μ' ὠφελήσουσ' οἱ ῥυθμοὶ πρὸς τἄλφιτα; how will rhythms help me to earn my bread? Ar.Nu. 648: abs.,ἐπὶ τοῖς δεινοῖσιν E.Fr. 84
;διὰ τῶν ὤτων Plu.2.38c
, cf. 145b: c. part.,αὐτοὺς ὠφελεῖ προσκείμενον E.Hipp. 970
.b esp. of a general, enrich his soldiers by booty, Plu.Aem.29;τοὺς στρατιώτας ὠφεληκὼς ἀπὸ τῶν στρατειῶν Id.Caes.12
; cf.ὠφέλεια 11.3
.3 in Poets also (v. Thom.Mag.p.408R.) c. dat. pers., A.Pr. 342, Pers. 842, S.Ant. 560, E.Or. 666, 681, Heracl. 681, Ar.Av. 421 (lyr.); also in Antipho 6.38, and v.l. in Th. 5.23; the compds. προσωφελέω, ἐπωφελέω, συνωφελέω also take both constructions.4 c. gen., dub. in (fort. leg. ἔρωτ' ἐς τόνδ').5 c. acc. cogn., ὠφελίαν ὠ. τινα to render him a service, Pl.R. 519e, cf. Euthd. 275e; : with a neut. Adj., οὐδέν τινα ὠ. to do one no service, Hdt.3.126, E.Alc. 875 (lyr.); πολλά, πλέον, πλεῖστον, ὡς πλεῖστα ὠ. τινα, Isoc.3.30, E.Andr. 679, 681, Th. 6.14.II [voice] Pass., receive help or succour, derive profit or advantage, πρός τινος from a person or thing, Hdt.2.68; , Antipho 3.2.3;ἀπό τινος Th.3.64
, X.Oec.1.15, cf. Gorg.Pal.10; ὑπό or παρά τινος, Pl.Grg. 512a, Amat. 132d; ὠ. τοῦ νόμου to derive benefit from.., Antipho 5.17(dub. l.); τινι by a thing, Th.3.67; διά τι ib.13; παρ' ἐμοῦ ὠφελεῖσθαι to make something out of me, Antipho 2.2.13; help the mselves,Lys.
27.7: esp. of troops, acquire booty,πολλὰ παρὰ τὴν στρατείαν ὠ. Plu.Cat.Ma.10
;ὠ. δι' ἁρπαγῆς Id.Marc. 19
; ὠφελεῖσθαι πρός τι acquire advantage towards a thing, X.Cyn. 5.27: c. part., ὠφελεῖσθαι ἰδών to be profited by the sight of a thing, Th.2.39: c. adj. neut.,οὐδὲν ὠφελουμένη S.Ant. 550
:πολλὰ ὠφελεῖσθαι οὐδὲν πονοῦντες X.Cyr.3.2.20
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4 παριστάνω
παρίστημι/παριστάνω (the word since Hom.+; the later form παριστάνω [Ro 6:13, 16; but παρίστησι 1 Cor 8:8 v.l.; Ath. 33, 1] since Polyb. et al.; Epict. 3, 22, 87; SIG 589, 46 [196 B.C.]; 814, 36 [67 A.D.]; 1109, 76.—B-D-F §93; Mlt-H. 202) pres. inf. παραστᾶν (Tat. 33, 1; Ath. 11, 3), ptc. pl. παριστῶντες (Tat. 1, 3—B-D-F §93); fut. παραστήσω; 1 aor. παρέστησα; 2 aor. παρέστην; pf. παρέστηκα, ptc. παρεστηκώς or παρεστώς; plpf. παρειστήκειν; inf. παρεστάναι (Dt 18:5; PsSol 2:36). Mid.: fut. παραστήσομαι. Pass.: 1 aor. παρεστάθην.① trans. (pres., impf., fut., 1 aor. act.) to cause to be present in any wayⓐ place beside, put at someone’s disposal τινά or τί τινι someone or someth. to someone (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac.; Socrates of Rhodes [I B.C.]: 192 Fgm. 1 p. 927, 25 Jac. [in Athen. 4, 148b]; Lucian, D. Mar. 6, 2) παραστήσει μοι λεγιῶνας Mt 26:53. τὶ someth. (cp. 2 Macc 12:3 v.l. σκάφη) κτήνη provide riding animals Ac 23:24. For protection παρέστησεν αὐτῇ τοὺς υἱούς αὐτοῦ he placed his sons at her side=Joseph placed Mary in the care of his sons GJs 18:1. Here belongs παραστήσατε ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ Ro 6:13b. W. dat. and double acc. (of the obj. and the pred.) ᾧ παριστάνετε ἑαυτοὺς δούλους (εἰς ὑπακοήν) to whomever you yield yourselves as slaves (to obey him; w. acc., followed by εἰς=to or for [s. MTreu, Alkaios ’52, p. 12]) vs. 16; μηδὲ παριστάνετε τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν ὅπλα ἀδικίας τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ vs. 13a; cp. vs. 19ab.ⓑ present, representα. lit. τινά τινι someone to someone παρέστησαν τὸν Παῦλον αὐτῷ Ac 23:33. παρθένον ἁγνὴν παραστῆσαι τῷ Χριστῷ 2 Cor 11:2. Of the ‘presentation’ of Jesus in the Temple Lk 2:22 (Billerb. II 120–23. Cp. also Olympiodorus, Life of Plato, ed. AWestermann 1850 p. 1: of Plato, said to be of transcendent origin, λαβόντες οἱ γονεῖς βρέφος ὄντα τεθείκασιν ἐν τῷ Ὑμηττῷ βουλόμενοι ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἐκεῖ θεοῖς … θῦσαι=his parents took him when he was an infant and placed him on Hymettus with the intent to sacrifice … to the gods there). W. dat. of pers., acc. of obj., and pred. acc. οἷς παρέστησεν ἑαυτὸν ζῶντα to whom he presented himself alive Ac 1:3; without a dat., which is supplied fr. the context παρέστησεν αὐτὴν ζῶσαν 9:41.β. fig. παραστήσω σε κατὰ πρόσωπόν σου I will show you to yourself face to face 1 Cl 35:10 (Ps 49:21).ⓒ ‘present’ becomes almost equivalent to make, render (Plut., Mor. 676c [ἡ πίσσα] τὸν οἶνον εὔποτον παρίστησι) ἵνα παραστήσῃ αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ ἔνδοξον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν that (Christ) might render the church glorious before himself Eph 5:27. σπούδασον σεαυτὸν δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ θεῷ 2 Ti 2:15. παραστῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἁγίους κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ to make you holy before him Col 1:22. ἵνα παραστήσωμεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον τέλειον ἐν Χριστῷ that we may make everyone complete in Christ vs. 28.ⓓ as a t.t. in the language of sacrifice offer, bring, present (παριστάναι θυσίαν, θύματα etc.: Epici p. 41, 49 B.=p. 19, 16 K.; Polyb. 16, 25, 7; Diod S 3, 72, 1; Lucian, Sacr. 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 89, Ant. 4, 113; SIG 589, 46 [196 B.C.]; 694, 49; 736, 70; OGI 456, 20; 764, 23; 38. The mid. is also used in this way since X., An. 6, 1, 22) fig. παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα θυσίαν ζῶσαν offer bodies as a living sacrifice Ro 12:1.ⓔ as a legal t.t. bring before (a judge) (Sb 4512, 82 [II B.C.]; OGI 669, 49; BGU 163, 3; 341, 14; 747 II, 26; 759, 22; 1139, 18). Some would prefer to understand 1 Cor 8:8 in this sense: βρῶμα ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ θεῷ food will not bring us before (the judgment seat of) God. Likew. ἡμᾶς ἐγερεῖ καὶ παραστήσει σὺν ὑμῖν he will raise us and bring us, together with you, before him (=before his judgment seat) 2 Cor 4:14. But the forensic mng. is not certain in either of these places, and the sense is prob. bring before God = bring close to God (cp. Rtzst., ZNW 13, 1912, 19f).ⓕ prove, demonstrate (Lysias 12, 51; X., Oec. 13, 1; Epict. 2, 23, 47; 2, 26, 4; Jos., Ant. 4, 47, Vi. 27; PLips 64, 34) οὐδὲ παραστῆσαι δύνανταί σοι περὶ ὧν νυνὶ κατηγοροῦσίν μου nor can they prove to you the accusations they are now making against me Ac 24:13.—On the 1 aor. pass. Hs 8, 4, 1 s. 2aγ end.② intr. (mid. and perf., plpf., 2 aor. act., but s. also aγ end) to be present in any way, be presentⓐ pres., fut., aor. (TestJos 2:6; 20:6; TestSol 6:1 and C 12:1; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 19 [Stone p. 54]; ApcMos 35; Mel., P. 62, 450).α. approach, come τινί (to) someone (Philo, De Jos. 94) Ac 9:39; 27:23 (Plut., Lysander 444 [20, 7] αὐτῷ κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους παραστῆναι τὸν Ἄμμωνα).—Also as a t.t. of legal usage appear before, come before (s. 1e above.—Chariton 6, 6, 4 παρέστην δικαστηρίῳ) Καίσαρί σε δεῖ παραστῆναι you must appear before the Emperor (as judge) Ac 27:24; cp. 2 Ti subscr. πάντες παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι τοῦ θεοῦ (v.l. Χριστοῦ) Ro 14:10. πάντας δεῖ παραστῆναι τῷ βήματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ Pol 6:2.β. of appearing with hostile intent (Appian, Illyr. 17 §51) abs. παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2).γ. come to the aid of, help, stand by τινί someone (Hom. et al.; X., Cyr. 5, 3, 19 al.; PKöln VI, 245, 22 σὺ δὲ θεὰ παρίστασο ‘and you, Goddess, be at my side’, w. suggestion of a relationship between Athena and Odysseus [for parallels and lit. s. ‘Ptocheia’ or ‘Odysseus in Disguise at Troy’ (=ASP 31), ed. MParca ’91, 59]; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 VI, 7; 12; Jos., Bell. 2, 245; SibOr 8, 407) Ro 16:2. ὁ κύριός μοι παρέστη 2 Ti 4:17 (cp. PHerm 125b, 8 [III A.D.] θεὸς παρίσταταί σοι; Jos., Ant. 1, 341; SibOr 3, 705).—The 1 aor. pass. παρεστάθην αὐτῷ Hs 8, 4, 1 is prob. used in act. sense I took a position beside him (so as to be ready for service).ⓑ perf. and plpf. (En 14:22; PsSol 2:36; TestSol 14:2 al.; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 29 [Stone p. 16]; Just., D. 9, 1)α. of personal beings stand ( near or by), be present τινί (with) someone (LXX; TestJob 24:10; Jos., Bell. 2, 281) Ac 1:10; 1 Cl 34:6 (Da 7:10 Theod.). ἐνώπιόν τινος stand before someone (1 Km 16:21; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 29f [Stone p. 16]) οὗτος παρέστηκεν ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν ὑγιής Ac 4:10.—Mostly in the ptc.: modifying a noun and followed by an indication of place: ὁ κεντυρίων ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐξ ἐναντίας αὐτοῦ Mk 15:39 (cp. 1 Macc 11:68 S). Γαβριὴλ ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 1:19 (cp. Jdth 4:14; Tob 12:15 S). Without indication of place (Diod S 17, 66, 7 παρεστὼς Φιλώτας=Philotas, who stood nearby; Diog. L. 2, 102; Aberciusins. 17; EpArist 19) εἷς παρεστηκὼς τῶν ὑπηρετῶν one of the servants who was standing by J 18:22. ἰδὼν τὸν μαθητὴν παρεστῶτα when he saw the disciple standing near 19:26. (ἄγγελοι) λειτουργοῦσιν παρεστῶτες 1 Cl 34:5. παρεστὼς ὁ κύριος MPol 2:2. οἱ παρεστῶτες αὐτῷ those standing near him Ac 23:2.—Subst. οἱ παρεστηκότες (PPetr II, 4, 6, 13 [III B.C.]) or οἱ παρεστῶτες (Diog. L. 9, 27) the bystanders, the spectators, those present Mk 14:47, 69f; 15:35 (vv.ll. παρεστώτων, ἑστηκότων); Lk 19:24; Ac 23:4; in vs. 2 the widely attested rdg. adds a dat.: τοῖς παρεστῶσιν αὐτῷ (cp. POxy 1204, 13 ὁ παρεστώς σοι).β. of a point of time be here, have come (Il. 16, 853; Demosth. 18, 90; 21, 101) παρέστηκεν ὁ θερισμός the time for the harvest is here Mk 4:29.γ. as an agricultural t.t. (cp. OGI 56, 68 ὅταν ὁ πρώϊμος σπόρος παραστῇ; PLille 8, 5) someth. like be fully grown σταφυλὴ παρεστηκυῖα a ripe grape (in contrast to ὄμφαξ) 1 Cl 23:4=2 Cl 11:3 (quot. of unknown orig.).—M-M. DELG s.v. ἵημι. TW. -
5 παρίστημι
παρίστημι/παριστάνω (the word since Hom.+; the later form παριστάνω [Ro 6:13, 16; but παρίστησι 1 Cor 8:8 v.l.; Ath. 33, 1] since Polyb. et al.; Epict. 3, 22, 87; SIG 589, 46 [196 B.C.]; 814, 36 [67 A.D.]; 1109, 76.—B-D-F §93; Mlt-H. 202) pres. inf. παραστᾶν (Tat. 33, 1; Ath. 11, 3), ptc. pl. παριστῶντες (Tat. 1, 3—B-D-F §93); fut. παραστήσω; 1 aor. παρέστησα; 2 aor. παρέστην; pf. παρέστηκα, ptc. παρεστηκώς or παρεστώς; plpf. παρειστήκειν; inf. παρεστάναι (Dt 18:5; PsSol 2:36). Mid.: fut. παραστήσομαι. Pass.: 1 aor. παρεστάθην.① trans. (pres., impf., fut., 1 aor. act.) to cause to be present in any wayⓐ place beside, put at someone’s disposal τινά or τί τινι someone or someth. to someone (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac.; Socrates of Rhodes [I B.C.]: 192 Fgm. 1 p. 927, 25 Jac. [in Athen. 4, 148b]; Lucian, D. Mar. 6, 2) παραστήσει μοι λεγιῶνας Mt 26:53. τὶ someth. (cp. 2 Macc 12:3 v.l. σκάφη) κτήνη provide riding animals Ac 23:24. For protection παρέστησεν αὐτῇ τοὺς υἱούς αὐτοῦ he placed his sons at her side=Joseph placed Mary in the care of his sons GJs 18:1. Here belongs παραστήσατε ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ Ro 6:13b. W. dat. and double acc. (of the obj. and the pred.) ᾧ παριστάνετε ἑαυτοὺς δούλους (εἰς ὑπακοήν) to whomever you yield yourselves as slaves (to obey him; w. acc., followed by εἰς=to or for [s. MTreu, Alkaios ’52, p. 12]) vs. 16; μηδὲ παριστάνετε τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν ὅπλα ἀδικίας τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ vs. 13a; cp. vs. 19ab.ⓑ present, representα. lit. τινά τινι someone to someone παρέστησαν τὸν Παῦλον αὐτῷ Ac 23:33. παρθένον ἁγνὴν παραστῆσαι τῷ Χριστῷ 2 Cor 11:2. Of the ‘presentation’ of Jesus in the Temple Lk 2:22 (Billerb. II 120–23. Cp. also Olympiodorus, Life of Plato, ed. AWestermann 1850 p. 1: of Plato, said to be of transcendent origin, λαβόντες οἱ γονεῖς βρέφος ὄντα τεθείκασιν ἐν τῷ Ὑμηττῷ βουλόμενοι ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἐκεῖ θεοῖς … θῦσαι=his parents took him when he was an infant and placed him on Hymettus with the intent to sacrifice … to the gods there). W. dat. of pers., acc. of obj., and pred. acc. οἷς παρέστησεν ἑαυτὸν ζῶντα to whom he presented himself alive Ac 1:3; without a dat., which is supplied fr. the context παρέστησεν αὐτὴν ζῶσαν 9:41.β. fig. παραστήσω σε κατὰ πρόσωπόν σου I will show you to yourself face to face 1 Cl 35:10 (Ps 49:21).ⓒ ‘present’ becomes almost equivalent to make, render (Plut., Mor. 676c [ἡ πίσσα] τὸν οἶνον εὔποτον παρίστησι) ἵνα παραστήσῃ αὐτὸς ἑαυτῷ ἔνδοξον τὴν ἐκκλησίαν that (Christ) might render the church glorious before himself Eph 5:27. σπούδασον σεαυτὸν δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ θεῷ 2 Ti 2:15. παραστῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἁγίους κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ to make you holy before him Col 1:22. ἵνα παραστήσωμεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον τέλειον ἐν Χριστῷ that we may make everyone complete in Christ vs. 28.ⓓ as a t.t. in the language of sacrifice offer, bring, present (παριστάναι θυσίαν, θύματα etc.: Epici p. 41, 49 B.=p. 19, 16 K.; Polyb. 16, 25, 7; Diod S 3, 72, 1; Lucian, Sacr. 13; Jos., Bell. 2, 89, Ant. 4, 113; SIG 589, 46 [196 B.C.]; 694, 49; 736, 70; OGI 456, 20; 764, 23; 38. The mid. is also used in this way since X., An. 6, 1, 22) fig. παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα θυσίαν ζῶσαν offer bodies as a living sacrifice Ro 12:1.ⓔ as a legal t.t. bring before (a judge) (Sb 4512, 82 [II B.C.]; OGI 669, 49; BGU 163, 3; 341, 14; 747 II, 26; 759, 22; 1139, 18). Some would prefer to understand 1 Cor 8:8 in this sense: βρῶμα ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ θεῷ food will not bring us before (the judgment seat of) God. Likew. ἡμᾶς ἐγερεῖ καὶ παραστήσει σὺν ὑμῖν he will raise us and bring us, together with you, before him (=before his judgment seat) 2 Cor 4:14. But the forensic mng. is not certain in either of these places, and the sense is prob. bring before God = bring close to God (cp. Rtzst., ZNW 13, 1912, 19f).ⓕ prove, demonstrate (Lysias 12, 51; X., Oec. 13, 1; Epict. 2, 23, 47; 2, 26, 4; Jos., Ant. 4, 47, Vi. 27; PLips 64, 34) οὐδὲ παραστῆσαι δύνανταί σοι περὶ ὧν νυνὶ κατηγοροῦσίν μου nor can they prove to you the accusations they are now making against me Ac 24:13.—On the 1 aor. pass. Hs 8, 4, 1 s. 2aγ end.② intr. (mid. and perf., plpf., 2 aor. act., but s. also aγ end) to be present in any way, be presentⓐ pres., fut., aor. (TestJos 2:6; 20:6; TestSol 6:1 and C 12:1; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 19 [Stone p. 54]; ApcMos 35; Mel., P. 62, 450).α. approach, come τινί (to) someone (Philo, De Jos. 94) Ac 9:39; 27:23 (Plut., Lysander 444 [20, 7] αὐτῷ κατὰ τοὺς ὕπνους παραστῆναι τὸν Ἄμμωνα).—Also as a t.t. of legal usage appear before, come before (s. 1e above.—Chariton 6, 6, 4 παρέστην δικαστηρίῳ) Καίσαρί σε δεῖ παραστῆναι you must appear before the Emperor (as judge) Ac 27:24; cp. 2 Ti subscr. πάντες παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι τοῦ θεοῦ (v.l. Χριστοῦ) Ro 14:10. πάντας δεῖ παραστῆναι τῷ βήματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ Pol 6:2.β. of appearing with hostile intent (Appian, Illyr. 17 §51) abs. παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2).γ. come to the aid of, help, stand by τινί someone (Hom. et al.; X., Cyr. 5, 3, 19 al.; PKöln VI, 245, 22 σὺ δὲ θεὰ παρίστασο ‘and you, Goddess, be at my side’, w. suggestion of a relationship between Athena and Odysseus [for parallels and lit. s. ‘Ptocheia’ or ‘Odysseus in Disguise at Troy’ (=ASP 31), ed. MParca ’91, 59]; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 VI, 7; 12; Jos., Bell. 2, 245; SibOr 8, 407) Ro 16:2. ὁ κύριός μοι παρέστη 2 Ti 4:17 (cp. PHerm 125b, 8 [III A.D.] θεὸς παρίσταταί σοι; Jos., Ant. 1, 341; SibOr 3, 705).—The 1 aor. pass. παρεστάθην αὐτῷ Hs 8, 4, 1 is prob. used in act. sense I took a position beside him (so as to be ready for service).ⓑ perf. and plpf. (En 14:22; PsSol 2:36; TestSol 14:2 al.; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 29 [Stone p. 16]; Just., D. 9, 1)α. of personal beings stand ( near or by), be present τινί (with) someone (LXX; TestJob 24:10; Jos., Bell. 2, 281) Ac 1:10; 1 Cl 34:6 (Da 7:10 Theod.). ἐνώπιόν τινος stand before someone (1 Km 16:21; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 29f [Stone p. 16]) οὗτος παρέστηκεν ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν ὑγιής Ac 4:10.—Mostly in the ptc.: modifying a noun and followed by an indication of place: ὁ κεντυρίων ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐξ ἐναντίας αὐτοῦ Mk 15:39 (cp. 1 Macc 11:68 S). Γαβριὴλ ὁ παρεστηκὼς ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 1:19 (cp. Jdth 4:14; Tob 12:15 S). Without indication of place (Diod S 17, 66, 7 παρεστὼς Φιλώτας=Philotas, who stood nearby; Diog. L. 2, 102; Aberciusins. 17; EpArist 19) εἷς παρεστηκὼς τῶν ὑπηρετῶν one of the servants who was standing by J 18:22. ἰδὼν τὸν μαθητὴν παρεστῶτα when he saw the disciple standing near 19:26. (ἄγγελοι) λειτουργοῦσιν παρεστῶτες 1 Cl 34:5. παρεστὼς ὁ κύριος MPol 2:2. οἱ παρεστῶτες αὐτῷ those standing near him Ac 23:2.—Subst. οἱ παρεστηκότες (PPetr II, 4, 6, 13 [III B.C.]) or οἱ παρεστῶτες (Diog. L. 9, 27) the bystanders, the spectators, those present Mk 14:47, 69f; 15:35 (vv.ll. παρεστώτων, ἑστηκότων); Lk 19:24; Ac 23:4; in vs. 2 the widely attested rdg. adds a dat.: τοῖς παρεστῶσιν αὐτῷ (cp. POxy 1204, 13 ὁ παρεστώς σοι).β. of a point of time be here, have come (Il. 16, 853; Demosth. 18, 90; 21, 101) παρέστηκεν ὁ θερισμός the time for the harvest is here Mk 4:29.γ. as an agricultural t.t. (cp. OGI 56, 68 ὅταν ὁ πρώϊμος σπόρος παραστῇ; PLille 8, 5) someth. like be fully grown σταφυλὴ παρεστηκυῖα a ripe grape (in contrast to ὄμφαξ) 1 Cl 23:4=2 Cl 11:3 (quot. of unknown orig.).—M-M. DELG s.v. ἵημι. TW. -
6 συναντιλαμβάνομαι
A help in gaining a thing,τῆς ἐλευθερίας D.S.14.8
; (Delph., iii B.C.);τῆς θεραπείας Phld.Lib.p.19
O.; assist in supporting,τὴν ὁρμὴν τοῦ λαοῦ LXX Nu.11.17
: abs., render assistance,περί τινων PHib.1.82.18
(iii B.C.); (Pergam., iii B.C.).II c. dat., take part with, help, LXXEx.18.22, Ps.88(89).22, Ev.Luc.10.40.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συναντιλαμβάνομαι
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7 παρίστημι
+ V 24-23-8-18-20=93 Gn 18,8; 40,4; 45,1(bis); Ex 9,31to set by or near [τι παρά τινα] 1 Sm 5,2; id. [τινά τινι] 1 Mc 6,35; to bring in [τινα] Sir 23,22 to place [τινα] 1 Kgs 12,32; to show Ps 49(50),21; to be present with sb [μετάτινος] Nm 1,5 to preside over [ἐπί τινος] Nm 7,2to attend on [τινι] Prv 22,29; to prepare for [τινα εἴς τι] 1 Mc 6,34; to make sb such, to render sb [τινα+pred.] 2 Mc 8,21to stand by or beside, to help [abs.] Ex 19,17; id. [τινι] Gn 18,8; id. [πρός τινα] 2 Kgs 5,25; id. [ἐπί τινος] Nm 23,3; to make a stand Ex 18,23; to stand 1 Kgs 12,6to approach, to come near (in hostile sense) Ps 2,2ὁ παρεστηκώς the one attending, the assistant Nm 11,28; ἔναντι τῶν παρεστηκότων against the adversaries Sir 51,2; παρέστη πάσῃ ὁδῷ οὐκ ἀγαθῇ he gives or presents himself to every evil way Ps 35(36),5; ἡ κριθὴ παρεστηκυῖα the barley was in the ear, the barley was ready for harvest Ex 9,31*Hos 9,13 παρέστησαν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν they proffered or held out or gave their children-בניהם לה תושׁ for MT נוה/ב תולהשׁ it was planted in a meadow; *Jb 37,20 παρέστηκεν he may stand-עמד for MT אמר he saysCf. DANIEL, S. 1966 95.96; DOGNIEZ 1992 181.243; HELBING 1928 59.315; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 248;LEE, J. 1983, 56-57; WALTERS 1973, 226-227; WEVERS 1990 141.289.303.387. 556; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
8 παρίστημι
A causal in [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor.1 ; later [tense] pf. παρέστᾰκα in same sense, PTeb.5.196 (ii B.C.), Plb.3.94.7, S.E. M.7.273, etc.I cause to stand, place beside,π. τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἐφ' ἑκάτερον τὸ κέρας Plb.3.72.9
, cf. 3.113.8 ; παραστήσας τὰ ὅπλα having brought his arms into view, D.18.175 ; π. τινὰ φυλάττειν set one near a thing to guard it, v.l. in Id.49.35 ;π. σορὸν σορῷ Anatolian Studies p.204
([place name] Termessus).II set before the mind, present,ὑπόθεσιν.. οὐ χὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν D.3.1
; τοῦτο π. τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῖν that they may put this into your minds, Id.18.1 ;τὸ δεινὸν π. τοῖς ἀκούουσιν Id.21.72
; π. ἐλπίδας, ὁτιοῦν τῶν δεινοτάτων, Id.19.333, 21.15 ; arouse, inspire, οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργὴν ἀλλ' ἡ ἀτιμία ib.72 ;π. φόβον καὶ ἀπορίαν ταῖς πόλεσι Plb.3.94.7
; π. ὁ κίνδυνος διαλογισμόν, μὴ.. Aeschin.2.159 : so τοῦτο π. ὑμῖν γνῶναι prompt you to that decision, D.18.8 ; π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν give one confidence, v.l. in Aeschin.1.174 ; π. τινί c. inf., put it into his head to.., Paus.9.14.6 ; also π. τινὶ ὅτι or ὡς .., X. Oec.13.1, Pl.R. 600c.2 dispose a person,πρὸς μελαγχολίας Phld. Ir.p.28
W., cf. Mus.p.73 K. ; alsoἈθηναίους ἄλλα παρέστησεν ὡς ἥρωα τιμᾶν Θησέα Plu. Thes.35
:—also in [voice] Pass., V. B. V. 1.3 of a Poet, represent, describe,τὸν Νέστορα παρέστησε [ὁ ποιητὴς] πείθοντα Phld. Hom. p.65
O., cf. Ath.3.110f, 4.133b ;δι' ἐτυμολογίας Corn. ND1
:—[voice] Pass., παριστάσθω ὅτι .. let it be stated that.., S.E. M.7.310.4 furnish, supply, deliver, PCair.Zen.790.10 (iii B.C.), PTeb.5.196 (ii B.C.), Abh. Berl.Akad.1925(5).31 ([place name] Cyrene).5 make good, prove, show,τι πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις Lys.12.51
, cf. Act.Ap.24.13 ;καθάπερ προϊόντες -στήσομεν Phld. Ir.p.85
W., cf. Mus.p.37 K.6 c. acc. pers., present, offer, ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ, ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν, Ep.Rom.6.13,16.8 in later Greek, as in [voice] Med. (V. C. 1), produce in court, etc., BGU759.22 (ii A.D.), etc.:—[voice] Pass., Sammelb.4512.82 (ii B.C.), etc.III set side by side, compare,[πόλεις] μικρὰς μεγάλαις Isoc. 12.40
.—The use of these act. tenses occurs in Pl.l.c., but first becomes common in Oratt.B [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2, [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. [voice] Act., intr.:I stand by, beside, or near,θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη Il.15.442
, cf. 483 ; , cf. 8.218, 18.183 ; ἑξείης πάντεσσι παρίστασαι, of a beggar, 17.450 ;οὐδ' ἄρα οἵ τις ἀνουτητί γε παρέστη Il.22.371
; ζωγράφῳ παρεστηκυῖα, of a painter's model, X. Mem.3.11.2 : freq. in part. παραστάς with a Verb,εἶπε παραστάς Il.12.60
; οὖτα π. 20.472 ; παρασταθείς, v.l. for κατασταθείς, E.Or. 365.2 stand by, i.e. help, defend, τινι Il.10.279, etc. ; , cf. 15.255 ;Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἠδ' ἐπαρήγει 23.783
, cf. Hes. Th. 439, Hdt.1.87, etc.;π. τινὶ χερσί S. Aj. 1384
; βοηθοὶ π. X. Cyr.5.3.19 ;οὐ παρέστη οὐδ' ἐβοήθησεν D.45.64
.II more freq. in past tenses, to have come,δεῦρο παρέστης Il.3.405
; to be at hand, , etc.2 of events, to be near, be at hand, ;κακὴ Διὸς αἶσα παρέστη ἡμῖν Od.9.52
, cf. 16.280 : in [tense] fut. [voice] Med.,σοὶ..παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν μοῖρ' ὀλοή 24.28
;ἐάν του καιρὸς ἢ χρεία παραστῇ D. 21.101
, cf. 73: freq. in [tense] pf.,παρέστηχ' ὡς ἔοικ' ἀγὼν μέγας E. Hec. 229
, cf. Med. 331 ; in part.,τὸ χρῶμα τὸ παρεστηκός Ar. Eq. 399
;ὁ νῦν παρεστηκὼς ἡμῖν λόγος Pl. Lg. 962d
: in [dialect] Att. form παρεστώς, ῶσα, ός, th=s parestw/shs no/sou S. Ph. 734 ; τοῦ π. θέρους ib. 1340 ;τὰς παρεστώσας τύχας E. Or.[ 1024]
; τὰ παρεστῶτα present circumstances, τὰ λῷστα, κράτιστα τῶν π., A. Ag. 1053, Pr. 218 ;πρὸς τὸ παρεστός Ar. Eq. 564
;πρὸς τὸ παριστάμενον X. Eq.Mag.9.1
.III come to the side of another, come over to his opinion,παραστῆναι ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην Hdt.6.99
: abs., come to terms, surrender, submit, Id.3.13,5.65, 6.140 ;οἱ πολέμιοι παραστήσονται Id.3.155
;τῷ πολέμῳ παραστῆναι D. 22.15
, cf. EM653.2.IV happen to one,τῷ δὴ λέγουσι.. θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι Hdt.1.23
;τὸ φρονεῖν ἀλλοῖα παρίσταται Emp. 108
; esp. come into one's head, occur to one,τὼς νόος ἀνθρώποισι παριστᾶται Parm.16.2
; ; δόξα π. τινὶ ὥστε .. Pl.Phd. 66b ; σοὶ τοῦτο παρέστηκεν, ὡς .. Id.Phdr. 233c ; π. θαῦμα, γνώμη, And.2.2, 24 (s.v.l.) ;ἔκπληξις παρέστη Th.8.96
: impers., παρίσταταί μοι it occurs to me ; τῷ οὐ παραστήσεται.. τεθνάναι βούλεσθαι to whom it will not occur to wish for death, Hdt.7.46: folld. by ὡς, Th. 4.61,95, Lys. 12.62, etc.: c. inf., Id.7.17; : c. acc. et inf., Lys.21.12, Pl.Phd. 58e; part., τὸ παριστάμενον that which comes into one's head, a thought, Luc. Cont. 13 ; ἐκ τοῦ π. λέγειν speak offhand, Plu.Dem.9, cf. Gal. 14.295.2 collect oneself,παραστῆναι πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον D.S. 17.43
; τῷ θυμῷ παραστάς ib.99 ;π. πρὸς τὴν ἀπολογίαν Plu. Alc. 19
;παρεστηκότες ταῖς γνώμαις Arr.Fr. 161
J.3 metaph., οἶνος παρίσταται the wine improves, becomes fit for drinking, opp. ἐξίσταται, Thphr. CP6.14.10, cf. Dsc.5.8.b of a crop, to be ripe, (Egypt, iii B. C.); so prob. (iii B. C.).VI παρεστηκέναι φρενῶν to be beside oneself, lose one's wits, Plb.18.53.6 ;π. ταῖς διανοίαις Id.14.5.7
, etc.; ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον π. Id.22.8.13 ; cf.παρεξίστημι 11
.VII abs., παρεστηκός, = παρόν, since it was in their power, since the opportunity offered, Th.4.133.C Some tenses of [voice] Med., [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. sts., [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. I almost always (for exceptions, v. supr. B. 11.2, III, iv), are used in causal sense:I set by one's side, bring forward, produce,π. ἱερεῖα X.An.6.1.22
; esp. in a court of justice,τοὺς παῖδας παραστησάμενοι Lys.20.35
; παιδία παραστήσεται (of a culprit) D.21.99 ; ταῦτα παραστησάμενος ib.187;μάρτυρας παρίστανται Is.4.13
, etc.; παραστήσασθαί τινα produce him as witness, Id.9.9, D.34.28, etc.;π. τινὰ εἰς κρίσιν Pl.R. 555b
.II bring to one's side, bring over by force, bring to terms,ἀέκοντας παραστήσασθαι Hdt. 8.80
;π. βία S.OC 916
;π. πολιορκίᾳ Th.1.98
; πολιορκοῦντας π. ὁμολογίᾳ ib.29 : abs., π. τινά, π. πόλιν, Hdt.3.45, Th.1.124, etc.;τοὺς οἰκοῦντας τὴν Ἀττικὴν π. εἰς φορὰν δασμοῦ Pl.Lg. 706b
.2 generally, dispose for one's own views or purposes, τινὰ παραστήσασθαι οὕτως ὥστε .. so to dispose a person that.., Hdt.4.136 ;ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς τὴν μάχην Plb.3.109.9
; dispose, induce a person,πρὸς τὸ κοινωνεῖν Id.29.3.5
: c. acc. et inf., Chio Ep.3.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παρίστημι
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9 χρεία
χρεία (written [full] χρέα PCair.Zen.25.2, 148 (iii B. C.)), [dialect] Ion. [full] χρείη Call. in PSI11.1216.43, ἡ: ([etym.] χράομαι, κέχρημαι):—A need, want,χρείας ὕπο A.Th. 287
; ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας considering in what great need we are, S.OT 1443; χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν to war with necessity, Id.OC 191 (anap.): c. gen., want of.., ;ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης Id.Th. 506
; ἐν χρείᾳ δορός in the need or stress of war, S.Aj. 963;φορβῆς χρείᾳ Id.Ph. 162
(anap.), cf. 1004: ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν] Pl.Lg. 834b; ἦ μὴν ἔτ' ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει will have need of my help, A.Pr. 170 (anap.), cf. Call.l.c.; ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως came to feel the need of its assistance, Pl.Mx. 244d; ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι, Pl.R. 373d, 566e;ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει S.Ph. 646
; so τίς χ. σ' ἐμοῦ [ἔχει]; E.Hec. 976, cf.χρεώ 1.2
: χρείαν ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Matt.3.14 (folld. by ( ίνα, Ev.Jo.2.25); signfs.1.1 and 111 in the same sentence, οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς .. Epicur.Sent.Vat.34: prov., χ. διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν ' necessity is the mother of invention', E.Fr. 715, cf.El. 376, Men.263: pl., ;αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. X. Mem.3.12.5
;πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή Pl.R. 369d
;αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. D.23.148
, cf. 45.67 (sg.);πολεμικαὶ χ. Arist. Pol. 1328b11
.3 a request of necessity, opp. ἀξίωσις (a claim of merit), Th.1.37, cf. 33: generally, request,τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθ' ἐμοῦ πάρα A.Pr. 700
; κἀγὼ.. τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω make such a request of or to thee, Id.Ch. 481.II business, ὡς πρὸς τί χρείας; for what purpose? S.OT 1174, cf. 1435; ;δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. Plb.8.16.11
.b esp. military or naval service, ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική the employments of war and of peace, Arist.Pol. 1254b32; αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ., Plb.6.52.1, 31.21.3; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ. Aristeas 110, LXX 1 Ma.12.45;οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. Ju.12.10
; (i B. C.); in military sense, action, engagement,αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. Plb.1.84.7
, al.c generally, business, employment, function, Id.3.45.2, etc.; ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ. the duty assigned, PTeb.741.11 (ii B. C.);οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης Act.Ap.6.3
;χ. πολιτικαί Plu.Mar. 32
, etc.d a business, affair, matter, like χρέος, Plb.2.49.9, al.; τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ. the study of these things, Epicur.Ep.1p.29U.e χ. ἀναγκαία need of nature, D.S.4.33;τροφῆς χ. Ph.2.472
.III use,1 as a property, use, advantage, service,χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς Thgn.62
;τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι Antipho 3.3.4
;ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς Pl.Grg. 480a
;πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. Id.R. 371e
; χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις to be of service to mankind, Id.Smp. 204c; τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν things of no use or service, D.Prooem. 56.3; χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι is of service towards.., Sosip.1.41; for S.OT 725, v. ἐρευνάω 1: pl., χρεῖαι.. φίλων ἀνδρῶν services rendered by them, Pi.N.8.42; χρείας παρέχεσθαι render services, Decr. ap. D.18.84, IG22.654.15, cf. Plb.1.16.8 (sg.); ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι (sic) PCair.Zen. 498 (iii B. C.);μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν Plb.3.97.4
; παρέχειν χ. to be serviceable, useful, Aristo Stoic.1.79;ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον Plu.2.724e
;χ. ναυτικαί
equipments,Ael.
VH2.10.2 as an action, using, use,κτῆσις καὶ χ. X.Mem.2.4.1
, Pl.R. 451c; ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι in use, Id.Phd. 87c; κατὰ τὴν χ. for use, Id.R. 330c;πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. X.Mem.4.2.25
; ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων the employment of words, Pl.Sph. 239d, cf. Plt. 272d: pl., λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ.. χαλκός is made bright by constant use, S.Fr. 864.IV of persons, familiarity, intimacy, τινος with one, Antipho 5.63: generally, any relation of business or intercourse, ;ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. Arist.Rh. 1376b13
; [Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ.. ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ
in the relationship, capacity,D.L.
5.1.V Rhet., pregnant sentence, maxim, freq. illustrated by an anecdote, Sen.Ep.33.7, Hermog.Prog.3, Aphthon,Prog.3, Theon Prog.5, etc.: pl., title of works by Zeno (D.L.6.91), Aristipp., etc.; by Macho, a collection of sayings of courtesans, Ath.13.577d;ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. Plu.2.218a
; χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι ib.78f. -
10 ἀπονέμω
A :—portion out, impart, assign,ἡμῖν.. ταῦτ' ἀπένειμε τύχη Simon.100
;βωμοὺς καὶ ἀγάλματα θεοῖσι Hdt.2.4
;τὸ πρέπον ἑκατέροις Pl.Lg. 757c
;τῷ θεῷ τοῦτο γέρας Id.Prt. 341e
;τοῖς θεοῖς χάριτας SIG708.33
, cf. 1 Ep.Pet.3.7;τὸ καλῶς ἀποθανεῖν ἴδιον τοῖς σπουδαίοις ἡ φύσις ἀπένειμεν Isoc.1.43
; [tense] aor. imper. render, impart,Pi.
I.2.47; :—[voice] Med., assign or take to oneself, τι Pl.Sph. 267a, Lg. 739b; feed on,Ar.
Av. 1289; ἀπονέμεσθαι τῶν πατρῴων help oneself to a share of.., Pl.R. 574a:—[voice] Pass., to be assigned,τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς Arist. EN 1123b35
; to be rendered,θεῷ Porph.Marc.11
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀπονέμω
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11 ἐπικουρέω
A to be an ἐπίκουρος, act as an ally, once in Hom., ἑ Μοῖραἦγ' ἐπικουρήσοντα μετὰ Πρίαμον Il.5.614
, cf. Th.7.57; φίλοις, χθονί, E.Rh. 937, 956; render aid, Foed. ap. Th.5.23, etc.2. serve as allies or mercenaries, Isoc.4.168; μισθοῦ ἐ. Pl.R. 575b.II. generally, aid or help at need, , Ar.V. 1018, Lys.12.98; [ τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ] Pl.R. 368c; also τῇ ἀναγκαίᾳ τροφῇ ἐ. provide for it, Aeschin. 1.27; νόσοις ἐπικουρῆσαι remedy them, aid one against them, X.Mem. 1.4.13; ἐ. τῷ λιμῷ, τῷ γήρᾳ, τῇ πενίᾳ, Id.Lac.2.6, 10.2, Vect.1.1 ([voice] Pass.); ἐσθὴς ἐπικουρεῖ τινι πολλά ` does him yeoman's service', Id.Cyr.6.2.30.2. c.acc. rei, ἐπικουρεῖν τινι χειμῶνα keep it off from one, Id.An.5.8.25.3. c. acc. et dat.,furnish, supply, POxy.1630.5 (iii A.D.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπικουρέω
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12 ὀφείλω
ὀφείλ-ω, [tense] impf. ὤφειλον; [dialect] Ep. [full] ὀφέλλω (also [dialect] Aeol., IG12(2).67.7 (Mytil.), and Arc., ib.5(2).343.27 (Orchom. Arc., iv B. C.)), [tense] impf. ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον, v. infr. II. 2, 3 (the [dialect] Att. or [dialect] Ion. ὀφείλετ', ὄφειλον in Il.11.686, 688, 698, Hes.Op. 174 is prob. due to the Copyists): [tense] fut.Aὀφειλήσω X.Cyr.7.2.28
, D.30.7, also , al.: [tense] aor. 1 , Th.8.5 ([etym.] ἐπ-): [tense] pf. ὠφείληκα: [tense] plpf.- ήκειν D.45
. 33: [tense] aor. 2 ὤφελον (v. infr. 11.2, 3):—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. part.ὀφειληθείς Th. 3.63
. (Cret. [full] ὀφήλω GDI5015.21, written [full] ὀπέλο Leg.Gort.10.20, al., Arc. [full] ὀφέλλω (v. supr.) and [full] ὀφήλω SIG306.40 (Tegea, iv B. C.): in early [dialect] Att. Inscrr. written both -IG12.91.8
, al., and ὀφειλ- ib.109.9, al.):—owe, have to pay or account for,τὸ καὶ μοιχάγρι' ὀφέλλει Od.8.332
; ὅτι μοι.. ζωάγρι' ὀφέλλεις ib. 462;χρεῖος, τό ῥά οἱ πᾶς δῆμος ὄφελλεν 21.17
;πολέσιν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ χρεῖος ὄφειλον Il.11.688
;ζημίην ὀ. τῷ θεῷ Hdt.3.52
, etc.: metaph.,μητέρα μοι ζώουσαν ὀφέλλετε Call.Fr. 126
; τί ὀφείλω; what do I owe? Ar.Nu.21; ὀ. ἀργύριον, χρέα, Id.Av. 115, Nu. 117;ὀ. ἢ θεῷ θυσίας ἢ ἀνθρώπῳ χρήματα Pl.R. 331b
; ὀ. τινὶ δρᾶν τι ib. 332a: c. dat. only, ὀ. τινί to be debtor to another, Ar.Nu. 1135, Lys. 581, etc.;τρίτον δὲ χαίρειν, εἶτ' ὀ. μηδενί Philem.163
: abs., to be in debt, Ar.Nu. 485, etc.; οἱ ὀφείλοντες debtors, Arist.EN 1167b21, Plu.2.832a:—[voice] Pass., to be due, ἔνθα χρεῖός μοι ὀφέλλεται (v.l. ὀφείλεται) Od.3.367;χρεῖος ὀφείλετο Il.11.686
, 698;ἢν.. ὀφείληταί τί μοι Ar.Nu. 484
;μισθὸς τοῖς στρατιώταις ὠφείλετο X.An.1.2.11
, etc.; τὸ ὀφειλόμενον a debt, ib.7.7.34;- όμενα ἀποδιδόντες Hdt.5.99
, cf. Simon. ap. Pl.R. 331e.2 metaph.,ὀ. μέλος τινί Pi.O.10(11).3
;πολλὰ δώμασιν καλά E.HF 287
; ὀ. χάριν, v. χάρις 1.2;Ἀπόλλωνι χαριστήρια X.Cyr.7.2.28
;τὴν ψυχὴν πᾶσιν Ael.VH10.5
:—[voice] Pass., ;ὀ. τινὶ εὐεργεσία Th.1.137
;ἀντὶ χαρίτων ἔχθραι ὀ. X.Cyr.4.5.32
;τοῖς μὲν ἐχθροῖς βλάβην ὀ., τοῖς δὲ φίλοις ὠφελίαν Pl. R. 335e
, cf. 332b; τοὐφειλόμενον πράσσουσα Δίκη what is due, A.Ch. 310.3 as a legal term, to be bound to render,εὐθύνας ὤφειλον And. 1.73
codd. (f.l. for ὦφλον): hence, like ὀφλισκάνω, incur a penalty,ζημίαν Lys.9.10
;διπλῆν τὴν βλάβην Id.1.32
, cf. E.Andr. 360;τὴν τοιαύτην δίκην Pl.Lg. 909a
, cf. 774b, 774d, 844e, D.21.77;ἁμαρτίαν ὀ. Μηνὶ Τυράννῳ IG3.74.15
(ii/iii A. D.).4 in [voice] Pass., of persons, to be due or liable to,θανάτῳ πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα Simon.122
, cf. LXX Wi.12.20, IG3.1381; but our help is due,AP
9.283 (Crin.).II c. inf., to be bound, to be obliged to do, ὀφέλλετε ταῦτα πένεσθαι ye are bound, ye ought to.., Il.19.200, cf. Hdt.1.41,42, al., E.Alc. 682, 712, etc.; and of things, ought to be,ὁ λόγος οὐκ ἀκριβῶς ὀ. λέγεσθαι Arist.EN 1104a2
:—[voice] Pass., ; σοὶ τοῦτ' ὀφείλεται παθεῖν it is thy destiny to.., S.Ph. 1421, cf. El. 1173; , cf. 782, Or. 1245, Lys.25.11; v. supr.1.4.2 in this signf. [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. ὤφελλον or ὄφελλον and [tense] aor. ὤφελον or ὄφελον are used of that which one has not, but ought to have, done ( ought being the pret. of owe),ὤφελεν ἀθανάτοισιν εὔχεσθαι Il.23.546
; , cf. Od.4.472.3 these tenses are also used, folld. by [tense] pres. or [tense] aor. inf., in wishes that something were or had been in present or past, ἀνδρὸς.. ὤφελλον ἀμείνονος εἶναι ἄκοιτις I ought to be.., would that I were.. ! Il.6.350; τὴν ὄφελ' ἐν νήεσσι κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις would that Artemis had slain her !, Il.19.59, cf. Od.4.97; : freq. preceded by εἴθε ([dialect] Ep. αἴθε) , ὡς, ὡς δή, which express the wish still more strongly, αἴθ' ὄφελες ἄγονός τ' ἔμεναι ἄγαμός τ' ἀπολέσθαι O that thou hadst!, Il.3.40, cf. 1.415, etc.;αἴθ' ὤφελλες.. σημαίνειν 14.84
;αἴθ' ὤφελλ' ὁ ξεῖνος.. ὀλέσθαι Od.18.401
;αἴθ' ἅμα πάντες.. ὠφέλετε.. ἐπὶ νηυσὶ πεφάσθαι Il.24.254
: with ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον.. ἑλέσθαι O that I had.. !, 11.380;θανέειν Od.14.274
;ὡς πρὶν ὤφελλον ὀλέσθαι Il.24.764
, cf. Od.14.68;ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ' ὀλέσθαι Il.3.428
;ὡς.. ὤφελες Od. 2.184
; ὡς ὄφελεν .. Il.3.173, etc.: strengthd., ὡς δὴ ἔγωγ' ὄφελον .. Od.1.217: also with neg., μὴ ὄφελες λίσσεσθαι .. would thou hadst never.. !, Il.9.698;ἣ μὴ ὤφελλε γενέσθαι 17.686
;τὼ μὴ γείνασθαι ὄφελλον Od.8.312
;ὡς μὴ ὤφελλε τεκέσθαι Il.22.481
;ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν Od.11.548
.—So in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ὤφελον .. S.OT 1157; ὤφελες .. Ar.Th. 865; ὤφελε .. A.Pr.48, X.An.2.1.4, etc.: also, as in [dialect] Ep., εἴθ' ὤφελες .. S.El. 1021; εἴθ' ὤφελ' .. Ar.Nu.41, etc.; εἰ γὰρ ὤφελον .. Id.Ec. 380, Pl.R. 432c, Cri. 44d; ὡς ὤφελες .. Ar.Ra. 955: with neg.,μήποτ' ὤφελον S.Ph. 969
, E.Alc. 880 (anap.), D.18.288; ὡς μήποτ' ὤφελον .. E. Ion 286;ὡς μηδὲ νῦν ὤφελον D.21.78
: without augm. in Hdt., εἶδον.. τὸ μὴ ἰδεῖν ὄφελον (v.l. ὤ-) 1.111, cf. 3.65: sts. in Trag. (lyr. and anap.), εἴθ' ὄφελε .. A.Pers. 915; ὄφελε .. S.Aj. 1192; μήποτ' ὄφελον .. E.Med. 1413. (In this signf. ὤφειλον is used in late [dialect] Ep.,ὡς μὴ ὤφειλες ἱκέσθαι Q.S.5.194
, but ὤφελλον shd. be read in Hes.Op. 174 and ὤφελε in E.IA 1291.)b with ind.,ὤφελε μηδ' ἐγένοντο θοαὶ νέες Call.Epigr.19.1
, cf. Q.S.10.378, etc.c ὄφελον (Adv. acc. to A.D.Adv.142.9, EM643.48) in this signf.: c. acc. et inf.,ὤμοι ἐγών, ὄφελόν με.. ὀλέσθαι Orph.A. 1159
: even with 2 pers. of Verb,ὄφελον ἐβασιλεύσατε 1 Ep.Cor.4.8
, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.11.1, Ep.Gal.5.12, Apoc.3.15, LXX Jb.14.13, Ath.4.156a;ὄφελον δυνήσῃ Luc.Sol.1
(as a solecism): with 3 pers., Arr.Epict.2.18.15, D.Chr.38.47: with 1 pers. pl.,ὄφελον ἀπεθάνομεν LXX Ex.16.3
; ὤφελον (sic)εἰ ἐδυνάμεθα πέτασθαι PGiss.17.10
(ii A. D.): c. inf., ὄφελομ μὲν ἡ θεὸς.. στερῆσαι .. OGI315.16 (Pessinus, ii B. C.).III impers. ὀφείλει, it behoves, c. acc. et inf., Pi.N.2.6; ὄφελλέ με μήτε.. εἰσοράαν κτλ. A.R.3.678: so pers. in part., abs., αἱ ὀφείλουσαι ἱερουργίαι τῶν θεῶν the due services of the gods, PTeb.294.24 (ii A. D.);κατὰ τὸν ὀφείλοντα καιρόν Sor.1.79
. (ὦφλον, ὤφληκα, [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. of ὀφλισκάνω, were prob. orig. [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. of ὀφείλω: ὄφελον in signf. II. 3c may be orig. neut. part. of ὤφελε (signf. 111 ) with omission of ἐστί.) -
13 ὑπηρετέω
A- ήσω Alex.
(v. infr.), etc.: [tense] plpf.ὑπηρετήκειν X.HG3.3.9
:—prop. do service on board ship, as a rower (cf. ὑπηρέτης, ὑπηρεσία), SIG524.33,47 (Praesus, iii B. C.):—[voice] Pass., .II to be a servant, do service, S.El. 996, Ph. 990; opp. ἄρχω, Ar.V. 518 (troch.);τοὺς διὰ φόβον ὑ. X.Hier.1.38
.2 c. dat., minister to, serve,τῷ παρόντι δαίμονι S.El. 1306
, cf. E.Ph. 1708, Th.4.108, etc.; ὑ. τῷ χρηστηρίῳ submit to its ruling, Hdt.8.41, cf. Pl.Lg. 914a;ἔργοις ἀνοσίοις ὑ. S.OC 283
; [νόμῳ, λόγῳ], Lys.2.19; ὑ. τοῖς τρόποις humour his ways, Ar.Ra. 1432; τῷδ' ὑ. λόγῳ second, support it, E.Med. 588; .3 ὑ. τινὶ εἴς or πρός τι, Hdt.1.109, X.Eq.8.7, etc.; also ὑ. τινί τι serve one in a thing,οἷς σὺ ταῦθ' ὑπηρετεῖς S.Ph. 1024
, cf. Ar.Pl. 979, Pl.Smp. 196c, X.Cyr.5.1.20, D.18.138,59.35.b in financial sense,τὸν δὲ ταμίαν εἰς τὸ ἀνάλωμα ὑπηρετῆσαι Supp.Epigr. 1.351.30
(Samos, iv B. C.), cf. 363.43 (ibid., iii B. C.), Inscr.Prien.3 (iv B. C.), 18 (iii B. C.), al.4 abs., serve, be subordinate, opp. προστάττω, Arist.Top. 129a13;ἡ ὑπηρετοῦσα ἐπιστήμη Id.Metaph. 982b5
: c. neut. pl. of Adj., etc., τὰ λοίφ' ὑ. help in what remains to be done, S.Ph.15;ὑ. τὰ περὶ τὸν πόλεμον Pl.R. 467a
; and with cogn. acc.,ὑ. τὰς διακονικὰς πράξεις Arist.Pol. 1277a36
:—[voice] Pass., to be done as service,τὰ ἀπ' ἡμέων ἐς ὑμέας ὑπηρετέεται Hdt.4.139
; χρὴ σὴ τό γε ἐμὸν ὑπηρετέεσθαι that my service should be rendered, Id.1.108;ἢν τὰ παρ' ὑμῶν ὑπηρετῆται Isoc.3.63
;τὸ πρᾶγμα τὸ ὑπηρετηθέν Arist.EE 1243a16
, cf. X.HG5.2.34.—The [voice] Med. occurs in late texts, as Hld.7.19, al., and Alciphr.1.11, dub. in Supp.Epigr.1.327.19 (Callatis, i A. D.); τὸ -ούμενον the retinue, Memn.2.4; [tense] fut.- ήσομαι POxy.58.24
(iii A. D.); but in S.El. 1306, ὑπηρετοίην was rightly restored by Musgrave and Elmsl. for -οίμην.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπηρετέω
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14 ὑπουργέω
A like ὑπηρετέω, render service or help to one, assist, c. dat., Hdt.8.110, Democr.255, PCair.Zen.176.297 (iii B. C.), etc.;ὑ. τισὶ ἔργῳ Th.6.88
:—[voice] Pass.,μὴ κάμνων ὑπὸ καμνόντων ὑ.
receive assistance,Epict.
Gnom.Fr.24.2 c. acc. rei, χρηστὰ ὑ. (sc. τοῖς Ἀθηναίοισι) do them good service, Hdt.8.143, cf. 7.38, S.Aj. 681, El. 461, Ph. 143 (lyr.), Antipho 4.3.4, Th.7.62;τὰ δίκαια Gorg. Fr.21
;ὑ. χάριν τινί A.Pr. 635
, E.Alc. 842; of a woman,τισὶ ὑ. πρὸς χάριν Anaxil.21.2
; furnish,βεβαίαν κατάληψιν Aristid.Quint.1.3
:— [voice] Pass., τὰ ὑποργημένα services done or rendered, Hdt.9.109.3 abs., S.Ph.53; τὰ τῆς κοιλίης ὑ. do their duty, Hp.Morb.3.15.4 c. dat. rei, assist or promote, τῇ καθάρσει ibid.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπουργέω
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15 λειτουργία
λειτουργία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Pla.+; ins, pap, LXX, ParJer 3; ApcSed 14, 3 and 11; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘public service’, the usual designation for a service performed by an individual for the state or public cult (oft. free of charge, s. lit. under λειτουργέω 2), in our lit. almost always used w. some sort of relig. connotation. As with the use of the verb λειτουργέω NT writers suggest an aura of high status for those who render any type of service.① service of a formal or public type, serviceⓐ of ritual and cultic services (Diod S 1, 21, 7; SIG 1109, 111; UPZ 17, 17 [163 B.C.] λ. τῷ θεῷ; 40, 19 [161 B.C.]; PTebt 302, 30 [s. Dssm. B 138=BS 141]; Ex 37:19; Num 8:22; 16:9; 18:4; 2 Ch 31:2; EpArist; Philo, Virt. 54 al.; Jos., Bell. 1, 26, Ant. 3, 107 al.; Hippol., Ref. 9, 30, 4) service as priest Lk 1:23. τὰς προσφορὰς καὶ λειτουργίας ἐπιτελεῖσθαι bring offerings and perform (other) ceremonial services 1 Cl 40:2. τὰ σκεύη τῆς λ. the vessels used in priestly service Hb 9:21 (ParJer 3:9, 11, 18). Of the high priest’s service 1 Cl 40:5. Fig., of the high-priestly office of Christ Hb 8:6.ⓑ of other kinds of service to God 1 Cl 20:10. Of Noah 1 Cl 9:4. Of Paul (w. θυσία, q.v. 1; cp. BGU 1201, 7 [2 A.D.] πρὸς τὰς λιτουργείας καὶ θυσείας τῶν θεῶν) sacrificial service Phil 2:17.—Of officials in Christian congregations (ἡ τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς λ. Iren. 3, 3, 3 [Harv. II 10, 3]) διαδέχεσθαι τὴν λ. αὐτῶν succeed to their office 1 Cl 44:2; ἡ αὐτοῖς τετιμημένη λ. the office held in honor by them 44:6; ἀποβάλλεσθαι τῆς λ. be removed from office 44:3. On D 15:1 cp. λειτουργέω 1a.—Also of the activities of a nonofficial pers. in the church service μὴ παρεκβαίνειν τὸν ὡρισμένον τῆς λ. αὐτοῦ κανόνα not overstepping the fixed boundaries of his service 1 Cl 41:1. Of acts that show forth Christian charity and other virtues that are beyond the call of ordinary duty and are therefore more like those rendered by public-spirited citizens and thus evoke God’s special approval: αἱ λ. αὗται these services Hs 5, 3, 3; cp. 5, 3, 8 (λ. ἐκκλησίας θεοῦ ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ ἀνθρώπων Orig., C. Cels. 8, 75, 18).—Of angels: λ. τῆς κτίσεως ‘service to the creation’ Hippol., Ref. 9, 30, 2.② service of a personal nature, help, assistance, service transf. sense of the primary mng. and mng. 1: of Epaphroditus’ services to Paul ἵνα ἀναπληρώσῃ τὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα τῆς πρός με λειτουργίας in order that he might supply what was lacking in your service to me Phil 2:30. W. ref. to the collection ἡ διακονία τῆς λ. ταύτης 2 Cor 9:12.—ESchweizer, D. Leben d. Herrn in d. Gemeinde u. ihren Diensten, ’46, 19–23; AHillorst, Filología Neotestamentaria 1, ’88, 27–34.—DELG s.v. λαός. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
16 ἑρμηνεύω
ἑρμηνεύω (s. prec. two entries) aor. 3 sg. ἡρμήνευσεν (Papias [2:15]); pf. inf. ἑρμηνευκέναι Esth 10:31; pf. pass. ptc. ἡρμηνευμένην 2 Esdr 4:7 (Trag. et al.)① to help someone understand a subject or matter by making it plain, explain, interpret (Pla., Ion, 535a al.; BGU 140, 20 [201/2 A.D.]; Philo) τινί τι someth. to someone Lk 24:27 v.l. Ἰουδαϊσμὸν ἑ. ὑμῖν propound the Judean way (Judaism) to you (w. the implication that interpretation has first been done) IPhld 6:1 (ἑρμ. also means simply proclaim, discourse on, without the idea of interpreting: Soph., Oed. C. 399; Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 2, 14; 2, 22 al.; Celsus 3, 55; SIG 1168, 88 [IV B.C.]; SEG VIII, 551, 39 [I B.C.]).② to render words in a different language, translate (so the act. and mid., X., An. 5, 4, 4; BGU 326 II, 22; PRyl 62; 2 Esdr 4:7; Job 42:17b; TestSol 13:6 P.; EpArist 39; Philo; Jos., Ant. 6, 156, C. Ap. 2, 46) J 1:38 v.l., 42; 9:7 (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἱστός: κέλλα ῥαρσάθ, ὸ̔ ἑρμηνεύεται ἱστὸς νηός). Μελχισέδεκ is ἑρμηνευόμενος βασιλεὺς δικαιοσύνης Hb 7:2.—Of translation of Matthew’s work Papias (2:15).—DELG s.v. ἑρμηνεύς. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq.
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