-
41 crisis management
Mktgactions taken by an organization in response to unexpected events or situations with potentially negative effects that threaten resources and people or the success and continued operation of the organization. Crisis management includes the development of plans to reduce the risk of a crisis occurring and to deal with any crises that do arise, and the implementation of these plans so as to minimize the impact of crises and assist the organization to recover from them.Crisis situations may occur as a result of external factors such as the development of a new product by a competitor or changes in legislation, or internal factors such as a product failure or faulty decision making, and often involve the need to make quick decisions on the basis of uncertain or incomplete information. -
42 Bell, Revd Patrick
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1799 Auchterhouse, Scotlandd. 22 April 1869 Carmyllie, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of the first successful reaping machine.[br]The son of a Forfarshire tenant farmer, Patrick Bell obtained an MA from the University of St Andrews. His early association with farming kindled an interest in engineering and mechanics and he was to maintain a workshop not only on his father's farm, but also, in later life, at the parsonage at Carmyllie.He was still studying divinity when he invented his reaping machine. Using garden shears as the basis of his design, he built a model in 1827 and a full-scale prototype the following year. Not wishing the machine to be seen during his early experiments, he and his brother planted a sheaf of oats in soil laid out in a shed, and first tried the machine on this. It cut well enough but left the straw in a mess behind it. A canvas belt system was devised and another secret trial in the barn was followed by a night excursion into a field, where corn was successfully harvested.Two machines were at work during 1828, apparently achieving a harvest rate of one acre per hour. In 1832 there were ten machines at work, and at least another four had been sent to the United States by this time. Despite their success Bell did not patent his design, feeling that the idea should be given free to the world. In later years he was to regret the decision, feeling that the many badly-made imitations resulted in its poor reputation and prevented its adoption.Bell's calling took precedence over his inventive interests and after qualifying he went to Canada in 1833, spending four years in Fergus, Ontario. He later returned to Scotland and be-came the minister at Carmyllie, with a living of £150 per annum.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLate in the day he was honoured for his part in the development of the reaping machine. He received an honorary degree from the University of St Andrews and in 1868 a testimonial and £1,000 raised by public subscription by the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland.Bibliography1854, Journal of Agriculture (perhaps stung by other claims, Bell wrote his own account).Further ReadingG.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (gives an account of the development of harvesting machinery).L.J.Jones, 1979, History of Technology, pp. 101–48 (gives a critical assessment of the various claims regarding the originality of the invention).J.Hendrick, 1928, Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, pp.51–69 (provides a celebration of Bell's achievement on its centenary).AP -
43 Birdseye, Clarence
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 9 December 1886 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 7 October 1956 USA[br]American inventor of the fast-freezing method of food preservation.[br]Clarence Birdseye went to high school at Montclair in New Jersey, and from there to Amherst College between 1906 and 1910. He became a field naturalist on the US Department of Agriculture's survey of 1910 to 1912, and during the following five years worked as a fur trader. He was the Purchasing Agent for the US Navy Corps between 1917 and 1919, and acted as Assistant to the President of the US Fisherman's Association between 1920 and 1922.Birdseye was a keen fisherman, and during his time in Labrador learnt how to fast-freeze his catch in the wind. He formed the Birdseye Seafood Company in 1923 and pioneered the development of quick-freezing methods for the preservation of dressed seafood. His first company went bankrupt, but he quickly formed the General Seafoods Corporation. He filed his first patent in 1924 for the plate freezer, and in the late 1920s developed the double belt freezer. In 1929 Birdseye's company was bought out for $22 million, Birdseye himself receiving $1 million. He was an active member of the American Fisherman's Society, the American Society of Refrigeration Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society of Mammalogists and the Institute of Food Technologists.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNutrition Foundation Stephen M.Babcock Award 1949.Further ReadingW.H.Clark and J.Moynahan, Famous Leaders of Industry (gives a brief account of Birdseye's life).1982, Frozen Food Age (August) (an account of the development of the industry he created).AP -
44 Carroll, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1888 Melbourne, Victoria, Australiad. 22 February 1968 Australia[br]Australian engineer responsible for many innovations in combine-harvester design, and in particular associated with the Massey Harris No. 20 used in the "Harvest Brigade" during the Second World War.[br]Carroll worked first with the Buckeye Harvester Co., then with J.J.Mitchell \& Co. In 1911 he was hired by the Argentinian distributor for Massey Harris to help in the introduction of their new horse-drawn reaper-thresher. Carroll recommended modifications to suit Argentinian conditions, and these resulted in the production of a new model. In 1917 he joined the Toronto staff of Massey Harris as a product design leader, the No. 5 reaper-thresher being the first designed under him. Many significant new developments can be attributed to Carroll: welded sections, roller chains, oil-bath gears, antifriction ball bearings and the detachable cutting table allowing easy transfer of combines between fields were all innovations of which he was the source.In the 1930s he became Chief Engineer with responsibility for the design of a self-propelled harvester. The 20 SP was tested in Argentina only eight months after design work had begun, and it was to this machine that the name "combine harvester" was applied for the first time. Improvements to this original design produced a lighter 12 ft (3.65 m) cut machine which came off the production line in 1941. Three years later 500 of these machines were transported to the southern United States, and then gradually harvested their way northwards as the corn ripened. It has been estimated that the famous "Harvest Brigade" harvested over 1 million acres, putting 25 million bushels into store, with a saving in excess of 300,000 labour hours and half a million gallons of fuel.Carroll retired from Massey Ferguson in 1961.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAmerican Society of Agricultural Engineers C.H. McCormick Gold Medal 1958.Bibliography1948, "Basic requirements in the design and development of the self propelled combine"Agricultural Engineer. 29(3), 101–5.Further ReadingG.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (provides a detailed account of the development of the combine harvester).K.M.Coppick, 1972, gave an account of the wartime effort, which he mistakenly called "Massey Ferguson Harvest Brigade", presented to the Canadian Society forAgricultural Engineers, Paper 72–313.AP -
45 Corliss, George Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 2 June 1817 Easton, Washington City, New York, USAd. 21 February 1888 USA[br]American inventor of a cut-off mechanism linked to the governor which revolutionized the operation of steam engines.[br]Corliss's father was a physician and surgeon. The son was educated at Greenwich, New York, but while he showed an aptitude for mathematics and mechanics he first of all became a storekeeper and then clerk, bookkeeper, salesperson and official measurer and inspector of the cloth produced at W.Mowbray \& Son. He went to the Castleton Academy, Vermont, for three years and at the age of 21 returned to a store of his own in Greenwich. Complaints about stitching in the boots he sold led him to patent a sewing machine. He approached Fairbanks, Bancroft \& Co., Providence, Rhode Island, machine and steam engine builders, about producing his machine, but they agreed to take him on as a draughtsman providing he abandoned it. Corliss moved to Providence with his family and soon revolutionized the design and construction of steam engines. Although he started working out ideas for his engine in 1846 and completed one in 1848 for the Providence Dyeing, Bleaching and Calendering Company, it was not until March 1849 that he obtained a patent. By that time he had joined John Barstow and E.J.Nightingale to form a new company, Corliss Nightingale \& Co., to build his design of steam-engines. He used paired valves, two inlet and two exhaust, placed on opposite sides of the cylinder, which gave good thermal properties in the flow of steam. His wrist-plate operating mechanism gave quick opening and his trip mechanism allowed the governor to regulate the closure of the inlet valve, giving maximum expansion for any load. It has been claimed that Corliss should rank equally with James Watt in the development of the steam-engine. The new company bought land in Providence for a factory which was completed in 1856 when the Corliss Engine Company was incorporated. Corliss directed the business activities as well as technical improvements. He took out further patents modifying his valve gear in 1851, 1852, 1859, 1867, 1875, 1880. The business grew until well over 1,000 workers were employed. The cylindrical oscillating valve normally associated with the Corliss engine did not make its appearance until 1850 and was included in the 1859 patent. The impressive beam engine designed for the 1876 Centennial Exhibition by E. Reynolds was the product of Corliss's works. Corliss also patented gear-cutting machines, boilers, condensing apparatus and a pumping engine for waterworks. While having little interest in politics, he represented North Providence in the General Assembly of Rhode Island between 1868 and 1870.[br]Further ReadingMany obituaries appeared in engineering journals at the time of his death. Dictionary of American Biography, 1930, Vol. IV, New York: C.Scribner's Sons. R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (explains Corliss's development of his valve gear).J.L.Wood, 1980–1, "The introduction of the Corliss engine to Britain", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 52 (provides an account of the introduction of his valve gear to Britain).W.H.Uhland, 1879, Corliss Engines and Allied Steam-motors, London: E. \& F.N.Spon.RLH -
46 Massey, Daniel
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1798 Vermont, USAd. 1856 Canada[br]American agricultural machinery manufacturer and co-founder of the Massey Harris Company (now Massey Ferguson).[br]In about 1800 Daniel Massey's family moved to Upper Canada. At the age of 6 he was sent back to stay with his grandparents in Waterton, USA, where he attended school for three years. He returned to his parents in 1807, and for the next twelve years he remained on his father's farm.At the age of 19 he forfeited his rights to his inheritance and rented land further west, which he began to clear. By the age of 21 he owned 200 acres, and during the next twelve years he bought, cleared and sold a further 1,200 acres. In 1820 he married Lucina Bradley from Water-town and returned with her to Canada.In 1830 he decided to settle down to farming and brought one of the first US threshing machines into Canada. From frequent visits to his family in the US he would return with new farm equipment, and in 1844 he handed his farm over to his eldest son so that he could concentrate on the development of his farm workshop. In 1845 he formed a brief partnership with R.F.Vaughan, who owned a small factory in Durham County near Lake Ontario. He began the production of ploughs, harrows, scufflers and rollers at a time when the Canadian Government was imposing heavy import duties on agricultural equipment being brought in from the USA. His business flourished and within six months he bought out his partner.In 1848 he bought another foundry in Newcastle, together with 50 acres of land, and in 1851 his son Hart joined him in the business. The following year Hart returned from the USA with the sole rights to manufacture the Ketchum mower and the Burrell reaper.The advent of the railway four years later opened up wider markets, and from these beginnings the Massey Company was to represent Canada at the Paris Exhibition of 1867. The European market was secured by the successes of the Massey reaper in the "World" trials held in France in 1889. Two years later the company merged with the Harris Company of Canada, to become the Massey Harris Company. Daniel Massey retired from the company four years after his son joined it, and he died the following year.[br]Further ReadingGraeme Quick and Wesley Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (gives an account of harvest machinery development, in which Massey Harris played a vital role).Merrill Denison, 1949, Harvest Triumphant: The Story of Massey Harris, London.AP -
47 Meikle, Andrew
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1719 Scotlandd. 27 November 1811[br]Scottish millwright and inventor of the threshing machine.[br]The son of the millwright James Meikle, who is credited with the introduction of the winnowing machine into Britain, Andrew Meikle followed in his father's footsteps. His inventive inclinations were first turned to developing his father's idea, and together with his own son George he built and patented a double-fan winnowing machine.However, in the history of agricultural development Andrew Meikle is most famous for his invention of the threshing machine, patented in 1784. He had been presented with a model of a threshing mill designed by a Mr Ilderton of Northumberland, but after failing to make a full-scale machine work, he developed the concept further. He eventually built the first working threshing machine for a farmer called Stein at Kilbagio. The patent revolutionized farming practice because it displaced the back-breaking and soul-destroying labour of flailing the grain from the straw. The invention was of great value in Scotland and in northern England when the land was becoming underpopulated as a result of heavy industrialization, but it was bitterly opposed in the south of England until well into the nineteenth century. Although the introduction of the threshing machine led to the "Captain Swing" riots of the 1830s, in opposition to it, it shortly became universal.Meikle's provisional patent in 1785 was a natural progression of earlier attempts by other millwrights to produce such a machine. The published patent is based on power provided by a horse engine, but these threshing machines were often driven by water-wheels or even by windmills. The corn stalks were introduced into the machine where they were fed between cast-iron rollers moving quite fast against each other to beat the grain out of the ears. The power source, whether animal, water or wind, had to cause the rollers to rotate at high speed to knock the grain out of the ears. While Meikle's machine was at first designed as a fixed barn machine powered by a water-wheel or by a horse wheel, later threshing machines became mobile and were part of the rig of an agricultural contractor.In 1788 Meikle was awarded a patent for the invention of shuttered sails for windmills. This patent is part of the general description of the threshing machine, and whilst it was a practical application, it was superseded by the work of Thomas Cubitt.At the turn of the century Meikle became a manufacturer of threshing machines, building appliances that combined the threshing and winnowing principles as well as the reciprocating "straw walkers" found in subsequent threshing machines and in conventional combine harvesters to the present day. However, he made little financial gain from his invention, and a public subscription organized by the President of the Board of Agriculture, Sir John Sinclair, raised £1,500 to support him towards the end of his life.[br]Bibliography1831, Threshing Machines in The Dictionary of Mechanical Sciences, Arts and Manufactures, London: Jamieson, Alexander.7 March 1768, British patent no. 896, "Machine for dressing wheat, malt and other grain and for cleaning them from sand, dust and smut".9 April 1788, British patent no. 1,645, "Machine which may be worked by cattle, wind, water or other power for the purpose of separating corn from the straw".Further ReadingJ.E.Handley, 1953, Scottish Farming in the 18th Century, and 1963, The Agricultural Revolution in Scotland (both place Meikle and his invention within their context).G.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (gives an account of the early development of harvesting and cereal treatment machinery).KM / AP -
48 подъём
Syn: см. активностьм.
1. (действие) lifting, raising, hoisting;
(в гору) ascent, climb;
(воды) rising, rise;
2. (poст, развитие) upswing, upsurge, rise;
~ промышленности expansion/upswing of industry;
~ науки vigorous development of science;
на ~е on the upgrade;
3. (воодушевление) animation, enthusiasm;
чувство ~a feeling of elevation;
4. (горы) ascent, slope;
5. (ноги, обуви) instep;
тяжёл на ~ а slow-starter, hard to budge;
лёгок на ~ always ready, quick off the mark. -
49 ready
ˈredɪ
1. прил.
1) готовый( к действию, использованию и т.п.) ;
заготовленный, подготовленный, приготовленный( for;
with) ready for any emergency ≈ готовый к любой неожиданности dinner is ready ≈ обед готов She is always ready with an answer. ≈ У нее на все готов ответ We are ready to begin. ≈ Мы готовы начать. Syn: prepared, set Ant: unprepared
2) имеющийся наготове, под рукой;
доступный;
имеющийся в распоряжении, наличный ready at hand, ready to hand(s) ≈ находящийся под рукой to have little ready cash ≈ иметь немного наличных денег
3) а) согласный, готовый ( на что-л.) ;
He is ready to agree to the proposal. ≈ Он готов согласиться на это предложение. Ant: unwilling б) охотно делающий (что-л.) ;
расположенный, склонный ∙ Syn: willing, disposed, inclined
4) легкий, быстрый;
скорый;
спонтанный a ready wit ≈ находчивость Syn: quick, fast
5) находящийся на грани( чего-л.) A house looks ready to collapse. ≈ Дом, кажется, вот-вот развалится.
2. сущ.
1) разг. наличные (деньги)
2) состояние готовности;
сигнал готовности to keep their guns at the ready ≈ держать оружие в положении наготове
3. гл. готовить, подготавливать;
приводить в состояние готовности Syn: prepare( обыкн. the *) (разговорное) наличные (деньги) - stacks of the * денег куры не клюют - plank down the * деньги на бочку (военное) изготовка - at the * на изготовку - to have the gun at the * держать оружие в положении для стрельбы готовый;
подготовленный, приготовленный - * for use готовый к употреблению - * for the press готовый к печати( о рукописи) - dinner is * обед готов - the house is * for occupancy дом готов к въезду жильцов - the car is * at the door автомобиль ждет у подъезда - are you * for the journey? вы готовы к поездке?, вы собрались в дорогу? - to get /to make/ * готовить, подготавливать;
собираться - get the children * for a walk соберите детей на прогулку - make the room * for dancing освободите комнату для танцев - get * quickly! собирайтесь скорее! - he made * to cross the street он собрался переходить улицу - she is not * for company она не готова к приему гостей, она не одета - he is * for you now он вас просит к себе, он может вас сейчас принять проявляющий готовность, охоту;
готовый, согласный - to be * to go anywhere готовый ехать куда угодно - I stand * for correction если я ошибаюсь, пусть меня поправят - I'm only too * to accept such a proposal я с большой охотой принимаю такое предложение склонный (к чему-л.) ;
щедрый( на что-л.) - to be a * tipper быть щедрым на чаевые - the story found a * acceptance этой истории охотно поверили - he was always * with sarcasm у него всегда было наготове саркастическое замечание - he is too * to suspect он слишком склонен к подозрительности, он всегда готов заподозрить других - he is very * at excuses у него всегда найдется отговорка - don't be so * to find fault! не придирайтесь! (редкое) старательный;
послушный - she is not very efficient, but she is * она не очень хороший работник, но она старается имеющийся наготове, под рукой;
не заставляющий себя ждать или искать (часто перен.) - * position( военное) изготовка - * signal сигнал готовности - * wit находчивость, остроумие - * pen бойкое перо - * at hand, * to hand(s) находящийся под рукой - to keep a revolver * держать револьвер наготове - to be a * speaker уметь выступать экспромтом - to have a * tongue иметь хорошо подвешенный язык - he has a * answer for any question у него на все готов ответ, у него всегда ответ наготове легкий, быстрый - a * market большой спрос - * solubility in water быстрая растворимость в воде - the readiest way to do smth. самый легкий способ сделать что-л. - to meet (with) a * market /sale/ быстро /легко/ продаваться;
быть нарасхват, пользоваться спросом находящийся на грани (чего-л.) - * to die with hunger на пороге голодной смерти - a bud just * to burst бутон, который вот-вот раскроется - she is * to burst into tears она вот-вот /того и гляди/ разрыдается вышедший в свет, поступивший в продажу (о книгах) - now /just/ * только что вышел в свет - * in January выйдет в свет в январе (финансовое) наличный;
ликвидный - * money /cash/ наличные деньги - * assets ликвидные активы - to pay * money расплачиваться наличными( военное) боеготовый - * reserve (американизм) боеготовый резерв;
запас первой очереди - *! готов! - *, front! (американизм) смирно, равнение на середину! (команда) (ready-) как компонент сложных слов: готовый;
быстрый - ready-cooked foods кулинарные изделия - ready-witted сообразительный, находчивый( редкое) в готовности - the boxes are * packed /или packed */ ящики уже окончательно упакованы - table * covered уже накрытый стол - please, pack everything * пожалуйста, уложите вещи так, чтобы все было готово обыкн. compar или superl быстро - the child that answers readiest ребенок, который отвечает раньше всех готовить, подготавливать (сленг) подготавливать почву, обрабатывать (посредством взятки и т. п.) ;
мошенничать (тж. * up) > to * a horse (сленг) не дать своей лошади взять призовое место на скачках, придержать лошадь ~ готовый, приготовленный;
to get (или to make) ready приготовлять ~ легкий, быстрый;
проворный;
to have a ready answer for any question иметь на все готовый ответ;
= не лезть за словом в карман;
to have a ready wit быть находчивым ~ легкий, быстрый;
проворный;
to have a ready answer for any question иметь на все готовый ответ;
= не лезть за словом в карман;
to have a ready wit быть находчивым ~the ~ sl воен. положение винтовки наготове;
to have the gun at the ready держать оружие в положении для стрельбы ~ согласный, готовый (на что-л.) ;
податливый, склонный;
he gave a ready assent он охотно согласился;
he is ready to go anywhere он готов пойти куда угодно ~ согласный, готовый (на что-л.) ;
податливый, склонный;
he gave a ready assent он охотно согласился;
he is ready to go anywhere он готов пойти куда угодно he is too ~ to suspect он страдает излишней подозрительностью;
ready solubility in water быстрая растворимость в воде ready вчт. готов ~ готовить, подготавливать ~ готовый, приготовленный;
to get (или to make) ready приготовлять ~ готовый ~ вчт. готовый к работе ~ имеющийся под рукой;
ready at hand, ready to hand(s) находящийся под рукой;
тут же, под рукой ~ легкий, быстрый;
проворный;
to have a ready answer for any question иметь на все готовый ответ;
= не лезть за словом в карман;
to have a ready wit быть находчивым ~ легкий ~ легкодоступный ~ ликвидный ~, the ~ sl наличные (деньги) ~, the ~ sl наличные (деньги) ~ наличный ~ подготовленный ~ приготовленный ~ склонный ~ согласный, готовый (на что-л.) ;
податливый, склонный;
he gave a ready assent он охотно согласился;
he is ready to go anywhere он готов пойти куда угодно ~ имеющийся под рукой;
ready at hand, ready to hand(s) находящийся под рукой;
тут же, под рукой ~ for delivery готовый к доставке ~ for development пригодный для застройки ~ for operation готовый к эксплуатации ~ for press полигр. подготовленный к печати ~ for sale готовый к распродаже ~ for sending приготовленный к отправке ~the ~ sl воен. положение винтовки наготове;
to have the gun at the ready держать оружие в положении для стрельбы he is too ~ to suspect он страдает излишней подозрительностью;
ready solubility in water быстрая растворимость в воде ~ имеющийся под рукой;
ready at hand, ready to hand(s) находящийся под рукой;
тут же, под рукой ~ to load готовый к погрузке ~ to supply готовый к поставке -
50 slow
1. [sləʋ] n разг.1. 1) копуша, копун; копунья2) лентяй2. кляча3. слабо поданный мяч ( крикет)2. [sləʋ] a1. медленный, небыстрыйat a slow pace /step/ - тихим шагом /ходом/
slow fire - воен. редкий огонь; медленный огонь
slow neutrons - физ. медленные /тепловые/ нейтроны
slow running - тех. а) медленное движение; б) холостой ход
2. неспешащий; неторопливый, медлительныйslow runner [walker] - тихоход
he is a slow reader - он читает медленно /долго/
a person slow to anger /to wrath/ - человек, которого трудно вывести из себя
he is slow to take offence - его трудно обидеть; он не обижается по пустякам
he is slow to act - он долго раскачивается, прежде чем действовать
he was not slow to take advantage of it - он не преминул /не замедлил/ воспользоваться этим
3. 1) несообразительный, тупойslow learner - разг. неспособный ученик
to be slow of /in/ understanding - туго соображать
2) умственно отсталый; с замедленным развитием4. 1) медленно действующий, постепенныйslow infection - мед. медленная /вялотекущая/ инфекция
slow development [growth] - постепенное развитие [-ый рост]
2) медленный ( об огне)5. длительный, тягучий, тянущийся бесконечно долго6. обыкн. predic1) отстающий ( о часах)2) запаздывающий, непунктуальный7. скучный, неинтересныйslow book [life, party] - скучная книга [жизнь, вечеринка]
8. 1) вялый ( о торговле); мёртвый ( о сезоне)2) замедленный ( о пульсе)9. фото малочувствительный (о плёнке, пластинке)10. 1) неровный, затрудняющий быстрое движение (о дороге, поверхности и т. п.)slow tennis-court - «медленная» площадка ( теннис)
2) не рассчитанный на большую скорость ( о железнодорожном пути)♢
slow in the uptake см. uptake 1be slow to promise and quick to perform - ≅ не дав слова - крепись, а дав слово - держись
3. [sləʋ] advslow and steady wins the race - посл. ≅ тише едешь, дальше будешь
медленноslow and sure - медленно, но верно
4. [sləʋ] vto go slow - а) не торопиться; быть осмотрительным; at your age it is time to go slow - в вашем возрасте надо снизить темп ( жизни); to go slow with one's provisions - экономно тратить продовольствие; б) проводить итальянскую забастовку в форме снижения темпа работы
1. замедлять, сбавлять (скорость и т. п.; часто slow down)you'd better slow down going through the village - проезжая по деревне, вы должны были бы сбавить скорость
his illness slowed him at school - из-за болезни он стал отставать в школе
2. замедляться, снижатьсяproduction of new cars slowed sharply - производство новых автомобилей резко упало
-
51 plant
1) завод; фабрика; предприятие2) установка; агрегат3) электрическая станция, электростанция, ЭС (см. тж
station)4) энергоблок5) цех; отделение; мастерская6) установка сейсмоприёмника в грунте || устанавливать сейсмоприёмник в грунт•-
absorption plant
-
absorption refrigerating plant
-
accumulator plant
-
acetylene compressing plant
-
acid recovery acid restoring plant
-
acid recovery plant
-
adsorption plant
-
aerodrome accumulator plant
-
agglomeration plant
-
air separation plant
-
air-cooled refrigerating plant
-
aircraft development plant
-
aircraft manufacturing plant
-
aircraft overhaul plant
-
aircraft plant
-
aircraft washing plant
-
air-storage gas turbine plant
-
air-storage power plant
-
alkylation plant
-
A-plant
-
arc-furnace plant
-
arc-welding plant
-
asphalt plant
-
assembly plant
-
atomic marine plant
-
atomic power plant
-
automatic flour handling plant
-
auto-shredding plant
-
auxiliary gas turbine power plant
-
back-pressure heat generation plant
-
bakery plant
-
baling plant
-
basic arc-furnace plant
-
basic slag-grinding plant
-
batching plant
-
batch-weighing plant
-
Bessemer plant
-
biogas producing plant
-
blackout plant
-
blast-furnace plant
-
blending plant
-
bob-tail plant
-
boiler plant
-
bow-type plant
-
box plant
-
bread-making plant
-
breaking plant
-
brick-making plant
-
brine refrigerating plant
-
bulk plant
-
butter-making plant
-
by-product coke plant
-
by-product recovery plant
-
by-products plant
-
can-making plant
-
canning plant
-
captive plant
-
car assembly plant
-
carbon dioxide refrigerating plant
-
carbon plant
-
car-repair plant
-
casinghead gasoline plant
-
casting plant
-
CDQ plant
-
cell plant
-
centralized photovoltaic power plant
-
central-mixing plant
-
centrifugal refrigerating plant
-
centrifuge isotope separation plant
-
charge preparation plant
-
cheese-making plant
-
chemical desalting plant
-
chemical separation plant
-
circulation degassing plant
-
clarification plant
-
clay-drying plant
-
closed-cycle cryogenic plant
-
coal gasification-gas cleaning plant
-
coal-cleaning plant
-
coal-conveying plant
-
coal-fired plant
-
coal-injection plant
-
coal-liquefaction plant
-
coal-preparation plant
-
coal-pulverizing plant
-
coal-reduction plant
-
coal-to-methanol plant
-
coal-washing plant
-
cogeneration plant
-
coke dry-quenching plant
-
coke-handling plant
-
coke-pitch plant
-
coke-quenching plant
-
coking plant
-
combination topping and cracking plant
-
combined heat power plant
-
combined photovoltaic-deolian electric plant
-
combined-cycle plant
-
combined-cycle steam plant
-
combiner plant
-
compressor plant
-
concentration plant
-
concrete product plant
-
concrete-mixing plant
-
concreting plant
-
condensate liquid recovery plant
-
condensate purification plant
-
condensing plant
-
confectionary producing plant
-
confectionary plant
-
constant-head plant
-
contactor centrifuge acid treating plant
-
continuous-casting plant
-
conventional power plant
-
converter plant
-
cooling plant
-
copper-smelting plant
-
countercurrent ion exchange plant
-
CR plant
-
crushing plant
-
cryogenic freezing plant
-
cryogenic power generation plant
-
crystal drawing plant
-
cutting and shearing plant
-
cycle-degassing plant
-
cycling plant
-
deaerating plant
-
degreasing plant
-
dendro-thermal power plant
-
desalting plant
-
desinfection plant
-
detinning plant
-
dewatering plant
-
diesel engine power plant
-
direct-expansion refrigerating plant
-
disposal plant
-
distilling plant
-
district-heating plant
-
diversion plant
-
double-strand plant
-
drainage pumping plant
-
drop-hammer plant
-
dry-process plant
-
dual-purpose turbine plant
-
dust extraction plant
-
dust handling plant
-
earth-freezing plant
-
earth-moving plant
-
EBM plant
-
EBR plant
-
ECM plant
-
edible fat plant
-
EDR plant
-
effluent treatment plant
-
eight-strand plant
-
ejector refrigerating plant
-
electric pig-iron plant
-
electric power plant
-
electrical propulsion plant
-
electricity distribution plant
-
electrochemical machining plant
-
electrodialysis plant
-
electrodialysis reversal plant
-
electrolytic tinning plant
-
electron-beam-melting plant
-
electron-beam-refining plant
-
electrostatic precipitation desalting plant
-
engineering plant
-
evaporation plant
-
extraction plant
-
extra-terrestrial power plant
-
fabric-dipping plant
-
feed milling
-
fermentation plant
-
filter plant
-
finishing plant
-
fish processing plant
-
fission power plant
-
fixed plant
-
fixed-head power plant
-
flexible manufacturing plant
-
flexing generating plant
-
floating nuclear power plant
-
floating pile-driving plant
-
floating power plant
-
flotation plant
-
flour milling plant
-
folding carton plant
-
food concentrate plant
-
force ventilation plant
-
formcoke plant
-
fossil-fuel plant
-
fractional horsepower refrigerating plant
-
fractional ton refrigerating plant
-
fragmentation plant
-
freezing plant
-
fruit-and-vegetable processing plant
-
fuel-pulverizing plant
-
full-fashioned sweater plant
-
full-scale plant
-
fume-cleaning plant
-
fume-extraction plant
-
furniture plant
-
fusion power plant
-
galvanizing plant
-
gas absorption plant
-
gas fire extinguishing plant
-
gas fractionation plant
-
gas liquids plant
-
gas plant
-
gas turbine power plant
-
gas turbine plant
-
gas-and-oil-buming power plant
-
gas-carburizing plant
-
gas-cleaning plant
-
gas-compressor plant
-
gaseous-diffusion plant
-
gas-fired plant
-
gas-generator plant
-
gasification-based combined cycle plant
-
gasifier-combined cycle plant
-
gasoline plant
-
gas-producer plant
-
gas-treating plant
-
gas-washing plant
-
generating plant
-
geothermal power plant
-
glass-manufacturing plant
-
glass-recycling plant
-
grading plant
-
graphite plant
-
graphite recovery plant
-
grease plant
-
hardening plant
-
H-cycle plant
-
heat power plant
-
heat pump plant
-
heat raising plant
-
heat-electric generating plant
-
heating and power plant
-
heating network plant
-
heating plant
-
heating-water converter plant
-
heavy-water plant
-
high-capacity refrigerating plant
-
high-head power plant
-
H-iron plant
-
hot dip filming plant
-
hot water peaking boiler plant
-
hybrid wind-photovoltaic plant
-
hydroelectric power plant
-
hydroelectric plant
-
hydroelectric pumped storage power plant
-
hydro-photovoltaic plant
-
ice plant
-
incinerator plant
-
indicator plant
-
industrial power plant
-
industrial steam plant
-
industrial waste treatment plant
-
industrial-scale plant
-
in-house printing plant
-
intake plant
-
integral coal gasification combined cycle plant
-
integrated steel plant
-
interlocking plant
-
intermediate solar plant
-
internal combustion power plant
-
ion-exchange plant
-
ion-exchange softening plant
-
iron powder plant
-
iron-ore pelletizing plant
-
isolated generating plant
-
isotope separation plant
-
jobbing plant
-
Kaldo-steelmaking plant
-
Kaldo plant
-
killing plant
-
laboratory-scale plant
-
ladle degassing plant
-
ladle-spraying plant
-
LD plant
-
LDAC oxygen-steelmaking plant
-
light plant
-
liquefied natural gas plant
-
liquefied petroleum gas plant
-
liquid freezing plant
-
liquor plant
-
loading plant
-
local plant
-
locomobile power plant
-
locomotive repair plant
-
loop plant
-
low-capacity refrigerating plant
-
low-head power plant
-
lube plant
-
machine tool plant
-
magnetohydrodynamic power plant
-
main propulsion machinery plant
-
marine reactor plant
-
marine refrigerating plant
-
meat packing plant
-
meat producing plant
-
mechanical air-conditioning plant
-
mechanical drive gas turbine plant
-
mechanical refrigerating plant
-
medium-head power plant
-
merchant-coke plant
-
metals-recovery plant
-
MHD power plant
-
midget power plant
-
milk plant
-
milling plant
-
mine-mouth power plant
-
mixed pumped-storage plant
-
mixing plant
-
mobile power plant
-
mold degassing plant
-
mold hydraulic cleaning plant
-
mortar-mixing plant
-
muck-shifting plant
-
mud-mixing plant
-
multiple-unit power plant
-
multipurpose sea-water desalination plant
-
multistrand plant
-
multiunit power plant
-
naphtha-treating plant
-
natural gasoline plant
-
natural gas-sweetening plant
-
noncondensing power plant
-
nonintegrated steel plant
-
nonterrestrial power plant
-
nuclear cogeneration plant
-
nuclear gas turbine plant
-
nuclear heating plant
-
nuclear power plant
-
nuclear steam power plant
-
oil shale retorting plant
-
oil-and-gas gathering plant
-
oil-burning power plant
-
oil-desulfurization plant
-
oil-extraction plant
-
oil-fired plant
-
oil-reclamation plant
-
oil-treating plant
-
on-line gas plant
-
open-coil annealing plant
-
open-cycle gas turbine plant
-
open-hearth plant
-
orbital power plant
-
orbital solar power plant
-
ore-bedding plant
-
ore-blending plant
-
ore-breaker plant
-
ore-conditioning plant
-
ore-dressing plant
-
ore-roasting plant
-
ore-washing plant
-
outdoor-type power plant
-
oxidizing plant
-
oxygen-converter plant
-
ozone plant
-
packaged power plant
-
packaged refrigerating plant
-
packing plant
-
paint varnish and lacquer plant
-
pallet conveyor mold-type plant
-
paperboard plant
-
peaking power plant
-
peaking boiler plant
-
peak-shaving liquefied natural gas plant
-
pellet plant
-
petroleum chemical plant
-
photovoltaic power plant
-
physical plant
-
pickling plant
-
pig-casting plant
-
pilot plant
-
plating plant
-
plywood manufacturing plant
-
polymerization plant
-
pontoon pile-driving plant
-
power plant
-
preserving plant
-
printing plant
-
process gas turbine plant
-
processing plant
-
Prolerizing plant
-
propulsion plant
-
public utility power plant
-
public-service power plant
-
pulverized-coal-fired plant
-
pulverizing plant
-
pump plant
-
pumped-storage plant
-
pumping plant
-
pumping-generating plant
-
quick-freezing plant
-
radiant freeze-drying plant
-
ready-mix plant
-
recovery plant
-
reforming plant
-
refrigerating plant
-
refuse-fired plant
-
regasifying plant
-
regenerative gas turbine plant
-
relift pumping plant
-
rendering plant
-
retreading plant
-
reverse osmosis plant
-
rolling plant
-
route interlocking plant
-
run-of-river plant
-
sack filling plant
-
salt plant
-
sand-preparing plant
-
satellite printing plant
-
scrap-shredding plant
-
screening plant
-
sea-water desalting plant
-
sedimentation plant
-
self-contained rail welding plant
-
self-contained refrigerating plant
-
self-sufficient plant
-
semiclosed-cycle gas turbine plant
-
semiunderground plant
-
separating plant
-
sewage disposal plant
-
simple-cycle gas turbine plant
-
simulated power plant
-
single-pool power plant
-
single-strand plant
-
single-unit plant
-
sinking plant
-
sintering plant
-
sizing plant
-
skimming plant
-
slab-producting plant
-
slag-expanding plant
-
slag-screening plant
-
slaughtering and meat processing plant
-
slaughtering plant
-
sludge filtration plant
-
small-size refrigerating plant
-
smoke extractor plant
-
soap plant
-
solar ice plant
-
solar plant
-
solar power plant
-
solar tower plant
-
solvent-extraction plant
-
split-shaft gas turbine plant
-
sputtering plant
-
stabilization plant
-
stand-alone solar power plant
-
standby plant
-
stationary gas turbine plant
-
stationary refrigerating plant
-
steam condensing plant
-
steam plant
-
steam power plant
-
steam-electric-turbine plant
-
steaming plant
-
steel continuous casting plant
-
steel plant
-
storage plant
-
stream degassing plant
-
stripping plant
-
sugar refining plant
-
sulfur recovery plant
-
sunken-type plant
-
superposed plant
-
supplementary fired combined cycle plant
-
supplementary heating plant
-
sweater knitting plant
-
tap-degassing plant
-
tar-boiling plant
-
tea plant
-
television plant
-
tertiary plant
-
thermal power plant
-
thermal plant
-
thermodynamic solar power plant
-
thermoelectric refrigerating plant
-
tidal power plant
-
tiger topping plant
-
tinning plant
-
tin-refining plant
-
tin-smelting plant
-
tonnage oxygen plant
-
top-blown oxygen vessel plant
-
topping plant
-
tower-type plant
-
train washing plant
-
transformer plant
-
trash-fired power plant
-
traveling pneumatic grain-discharging plant
-
treatment plant
-
tritium removal plant
-
turbine plant
-
turbo-refrigerating plant
-
two-axes focusing solar plant
-
two-shaft plant
-
ultrafiltration concentration plant
-
undercar power plant
-
underground nuclear power plant
-
underwater nuclear power plant
-
unit refrigerating plant
-
uranium enrichment plant
-
vacuum casting plant
-
vacuum degassing plant
-
vacuum dezincing plant
-
vacuum gas turbine plant
-
vacuum metallothermic plant
-
vacuum molding plant
-
vacuum-decarburization plant
-
variable-head power plant
-
variable-load power plant
-
vertical plant
-
vulcanizing plant
-
washing plant
-
waste disposal plant
-
waste-to-energy cogeneration plant
-
waste-to-energy plant
-
water demineralization plant
-
water softening plant
-
water treatment plant
-
water-cooling plant
-
waterpower plant
-
wave energy plant
-
wax plant
-
wet-process plant
-
wind-mill electric generating plant
-
wire-drawing plant
-
year-round air-conditioning plant
-
zero-discharge plant
-
zinc ore roasting plant
-
zinc-smelting plant -
52 test
1) испытание
2) испытательный
3) испытывать
4) опробование
5) проба
6) пробовать
7) тест
8) <engin.> опыт
9) пробный
10) проверять
11) критерий
12) признак
13) проверка
14) испытующий
15) эксперимент
16) тестовый
17) замер
18) проверочный
19) обнаружение
20) определение
21) исследовать
22) выверять
23) контрольный
– abbreviated test
– ability test
– abrasion test
– accelerated test
– acceptance test
– acid test
– ageing test
– arbitration test
– articulation test
– bench test
– bend test
– bend-over test
– bending test
– bending-unbending test
– best test
– biological test
– blank test
– blow-pipe test
– boiling test
– bond test
– breakdown test
– breaking test
– buckling test
– burning test
– busy test
– calibration test
– capillary test
– carry out a test
– centrifuge test
– chi-square test
– cohesion test
– cold test
– cold-pressing test
– collapsibility test
– color test
– coloring test
– combustibility test
– comparison test
– comprehensive test
– compression test
– consumption test
– continuity test
– corrosion test
– cracking test
– creep test
– critical test
– crushing test
– cupel test
– cupping test
– decantation test
– desctructive test
– destruction test
– destructive test
– development test
– do test
– drop test
– duplicate test
– durability test
– eddy-current test
– efficiency test
– elasticity test
– endurance test
– equal-tails test
– Erichsen test
– etch test
– evaporation test
– expansion test
– extraction test
– failure-rate test
– fat test
– fatigue test
– field test
– flammability test
– flange test
– flanging test
– flare test
– flash-point test
– flattening test
– flexure test
– flight test
– floating test
– flow test
– fluidity test
– flutter test
– fracing test
– fracture test
– free-bend test
– free-fall test
– free-flight test
– freezing test
– friability test
– friction test
– fuel-consumption test
– full-scale test
– fusion test
– game test
– goodness-of-fit test
– grindability test
– ground test
– hardenability test
– hardness test
– heat test
– hot twist test
– hot upset test
– humidity test
– hydrostatic test
– icing test
– immersion test
– impact test
– impulse test
– impulse-withstand test
– intelligence test
– jet test
– jumping-up test
– laboratory test
– leakage test
– life test
– liquid-penetrant test
– load test
– long-run test
– longevity test
– macrosolubility test
– magnetic-particle test
– material test
– medial test
– melting test
– microharness test
– microsolubility test
– model test
– no-load test
– non-destructive test
– notch-bar test
– oil dilution test
– oscillation test
– overload test
– overspeed test
– oxidation test
– paint rub test
– panel-spalling test
– pass a test
– pass the test
– peel test
– perfomance test
– performance test
– pickle test
– preliminary test
– pressure test
– primary test
– pull test
– quench test
– quick test
– random test
– referee test
– regression test
– relaxation test
– reliability test
– remolding test
– reverse-bend test
– ringing test
– road test
– root test
– routine test
– run test cut
– salt-mist test
– scratch-hardness test
– screen test
– sedimentation test
– shatter test
– shearing test
– short-term test
– shrinkage test
– sign test
– significance test
– single-end test
– site test
– skein test
– slaking test
– solubility test
– spark test
– splitting test
– spoon test
– spray test
– stopping test
– strength test
– stress test
– stress-rupture test
– subjective test
– survival test
– tackiness test
– tear test
– tensile test
– test baking
– test bank
– test borehole
– test card
– test case
– test certificate
– test chart
– test condition
– test connector
– test current
– test desk
– test device
– test diagram
– test electrolyte
– test equipment
– test facility
– test flight
– test for
– test for convergence
– test for defects
– test for end
– test for leak-proofness
– test for minimum
– test function
– test hypothesis
– test input
– test jack
– test key
– test lead
– test load
– test metal
– test mine
– test mock-up
– test model
– test needle
– test of convergence
– test of homogeneity
– test of hypothesis
– test of location
– test of normality
– test of whether
– test oscillator
– test paper
– test particle
– test pattern
– test piece
– test pilot
– test pole
– test pressure
– test pulse
– test reaction
– test relay
– test report
– test rig
– test rod
– test run
– test set
– test set-up
– test shot
– test specimen
– test stand
– test station
– test technique
– test terminal
– test to failure
– test tree
– test unit
– test voltage
– test weld
– thermal test
– torsion test
– total-lot test
– toughness test
– towing test
– type test
– ultraviolet test
– unbiased test
– upsetting test
– vacuum test
– vibration-survival test
– voltage test
– Votchal-Tiffeneau test
– warranty test
– wear test
– weld test
– weldability test
Abel test for convergence — <math.> признак сходимости Абеля
distribution-free test of fit — непараметрический критерий согласия
international test conference — международная конференция по методам и средствам испытаний
most powerful test — <math.> критерий наиболее мощный
notched test bar — <metal.> образец надрезанный
pulse-reflection ultrasonic test — ультразвуковая дефектоскопия эхом
standard test solution — <energ.> раствор модельный
test compression factor — <comput.> коэффициент сжатия тестов
test for uniform convergence — признак равномерной сходимости
test statistical hypothesis — проверять статистическую гипотезу
-
53 PDO
1) Американизм: Protected Designation Of Origin2) Военный термин: property disposal office, property disposal officer, publications distribution officer3) Юридический термин: Property Damage Only4) Сокращение: Parcel Delivery Office, Parcel District Office (UK, replaced HPO after 1986), Postman's Delivery Office, Postman's District Office5) Сленг: (pretty damn quick) очень быстро6) Вычислительная техника: переносимый распределенный объект, Portable Distributed Objects (NeXT)7) Нефть: plan for development and operation8) Деловая лексика: Project Design Option9) Сетевые технологии: Portable Distributed Objects10) Океанография: Pacific Decadal Oscillation11) Расширение файла: Portable Distributed Objects (Next) -
54 QCD
1) Общая лексика: Quality, Cost & Delivery2) Военный термин: Quality Control Director, quality control data4) Радио: Where did you put my CD?5) Сокращение: Quality Control Division, Quantum Chromodynamics, КХД (Quantum Chromodynamics)6) Физика: Quantum Chromo Dynamics7) Нефть: quality control department8) Деловая лексика: Quality Control Development, Quality Cost And Delivery9) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: ОТК (Quality Control Dept), отдел технического контроля (Quality Control Dept)10) Сахалин Р: Quality Control Dept11) НАСА: Quality Control Directorate -
55 TDQ
1) Университет: Tutorial Development Questionnaire2) Фирменный знак: Toque de Queda.com3) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Time-Depth Quick (Landmark software package)4) Автоматика: tool and die quoter -
56 Nordic countries
скандинавские страныСеверные страны (страны Скандинавии и Финляндия)The Nordic countries have been quick to assert their interest in the development of the Baltic States.
Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Nordic countries
-
57 twist
twist
1. verb1) (to turn round (and round): He twisted the knob; The road twisted through the mountains.) torcer; dar vueltas; (carretera, camino) serpentear2) (to wind around or together: He twisted the piece of string (together) to make a rope.) trenzar, entrelazar; enrollar3) (to force out of the correct shape or position: The heat of the fire twisted the metal; He twisted her arm painfully.) torcer, retorcer
2. noun1) (the act of twisting.) torsión; giro, vuelta2) (a twisted piece of something: He added a twist of lemon to her drink.) rodajita3) (a turn, coil etc: There's a twist in the rope.) torzal; vuelta4) (a change in direction (of a story etc): The story had a strange twist at the end.) giro•- twisted- twister
twist1 n1. vuelta2. recodo / curvatwist2 vb1. retorcer2. girar3. torcer4. serpentear
twist /twis(t)/ sustantivo masculino twist
twist m Mús (baile) twist ' twist' also found in these entries: Spanish: punta - quebrar - recodo - retorcer - retorcerse - tobillo - torcer - torcerse - torzal - brazo - desfigurar - enchuecar - enredar - serpentear - tergiversar English: finger - knickers - twist - twist off - twist round - curl - strain - wrenchtr[twɪst]1 (in road) recodo, vuelta2 (action) torsión nombre masculino3 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL torcedura, esguince nombre masculino4 (dance) twist nombre masculino5 (development) giro1 (sprain) torcer2 (screw, coil) retorcer3 (turn, wind) girar, dar vueltas a4 (interweave) entrelazar, trenzar5 (pervert) tergiversar, torcer■ stop twisting my words! ¡no tergiverses mis palabras!1 (turn) girarse2 (wind, coil) enroscarse, enrollarse3 (road) serpentear4 (writhe) retorcerse5 (dance) bailar el twist\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be round the twist familiar estar chalado,-ato twist somebody round one's little finger hacer con alguien lo que se quiere, meterse a alguien en el bolsilloto twist somebody's arm torcerle el brazo a alguientwist ['twɪst] vt: torcer, retorcerhe twisted my arm: me torció el brazotwist vi: retorcerse, enroscarse, serpentear (dícese de un río, un camino, etc.)twist n1) bend: vuelta f, recodo m (en el camino, el río, etc.)2) turn: giro mgive it a twist: hazlo girar3) spiral: espiral fa twist of lemon: una rodajita de limón4) : giro m inesperado (de eventos, etc.)v.• derrengar v.• doblegar v.• enroscar v.• entornillar v.• entrelazar v.• retorcer v.• rodear v.• tergiversar v.• torcer v.• trenzar v.n.• curva s.f.• enroscadura s.f.• enroscamiento s.m.• esguince s.m.• giro (Deporte) s.m.• peculiaridad s.f.• recodo s.m.• recoveco s.m.• retortero s.m.• sesgo s.m.• torcedura s.f.• torcido s.m.• torcimiento s.m.• torsión s.f.
I
1. twɪst1)a) (screw, coil) retorcer*to twist something AROUND something — enrollar or enroscar* algo alrededor de algo
b) ( turn) \<\<handle/knob\>\> girarto twist the top off a bottle — desenroscar* la tapa de una botella
to be twisted (up) — estar* enredado; little finger
2)a) ( distort) retorcer*b) ( sprain) torcer*c) (alter, pervert) \<\<words\>\> tergiversar; \<\<meaning\>\> torcer*
2.
via) (wind, coil) \<\<rope/wire\>\> enrollarse, enroscarse*; \<\<road/river\>\> serpentearb) (turn, rotate) girarc) ( dance) bailar el twist
II
1)a) (bend - in wire, rope) vuelta f, onda f; (- in road, river) recodo m, vuelta fround the twist — (BrE colloq) loco, chiflado (fam)
b) ( turning movement) giro mto give something a twist — hacer* girar algo
c) ( something twisted)2) (in story, events) giro m inesperado, vuelta f de tuerca3) ( dance) twist m[twɪst]1. N1) (=coil) [of thread, yarn] torzal m ; [of paper] cucurucho m ; [of smoke] voluta f ; [of tobacco] rollo ma twist of lemon — un pedacito or un rizo de limón
2) (=loaf of bread) trenza f3) (=kink) (in wire, cord, hose) vuelta f- get o.s. into a twist- be round the twist- go round the twist- drive sb round the twist5) (=turning action)with a quick twist of the wrist — torciendo or girando rápidamente la muñeca
to give sth a twist — [+ lid, top] girar algo
6) (=unexpected turn) (in plot, story) giro m7) (=dance) twist m2. VT1) (=coil) enroscar, enrollarshe twisted her hair into a bun — se enrolló or enroscó el pelo en un moño
- twist sb round one's little finger2) (=turn) [+ knob, handle, top, lid] girar; (=turn round and round) [+ ring] dar vueltas a- twist sb's arm- twist the knife3) (Med) (=injure) torcerse4) (=wrench)5) (=distort, contort) (lit) [+ girder, metal] retorcer; (fig) [+ sense, words, argument] tergiversar3. VI1) (=coil) enroscarse2) (=bend) [road, river] serpentear4) (=contort) retorcerse5) (=dance) bailar el twist* * *
I
1. [twɪst]1)a) (screw, coil) retorcer*to twist something AROUND something — enrollar or enroscar* algo alrededor de algo
b) ( turn) \<\<handle/knob\>\> girarto twist the top off a bottle — desenroscar* la tapa de una botella
to be twisted (up) — estar* enredado; little finger
2)a) ( distort) retorcer*b) ( sprain) torcer*c) (alter, pervert) \<\<words\>\> tergiversar; \<\<meaning\>\> torcer*
2.
via) (wind, coil) \<\<rope/wire\>\> enrollarse, enroscarse*; \<\<road/river\>\> serpentearb) (turn, rotate) girarc) ( dance) bailar el twist
II
1)a) (bend - in wire, rope) vuelta f, onda f; (- in road, river) recodo m, vuelta fround the twist — (BrE colloq) loco, chiflado (fam)
b) ( turning movement) giro mto give something a twist — hacer* girar algo
c) ( something twisted)2) (in story, events) giro m inesperado, vuelta f de tuerca3) ( dance) twist m -
58 call
1. intransitive verb1) (shout) rufencall [out] for help — um Hilfe rufen
call [out] for somebody — nach jemandem rufen
2) (pay brief visit) [kurz] besuchen (at Akk.); vorbeikommen (ugs.) (at bei); [Zug:] halten (at in + Dat.)call at a port/station — einen Hafen anlaufen/an einem Bahnhof halten
call on somebody — jemanden besuchen; bei jemandem vorbeigehen (ugs.)
the postman called to deliver a parcel — der Postbote war da und brachte ein Päckchen
call round — vorbeikommen (ugs.)
3) (telephone)thank you for calling — vielen Dank für Ihren Anruf!; (broadcast)
2. transitive verbthis is London calling — hier spricht od. ist London
1) (cry out) rufen; aufrufen [Namen, Nummer]2) (cry to) rufen [Person]call somebody's bluff — es darauf ankommen lassen (ugs.)
that was called in question — das wurde infrage gestellt od. in Zweifel gezogen
please call me a taxi or call a taxi for me — bitte rufen Sie mir ein Taxi
4) (radio/telephone) rufen/anrufen; (initially) Kontakt aufnehmen mitdon't call us, we'll call you — wir sagen Ihnen Bescheid
5) (rouse) wecken6) (announce) einberufen [Konferenz]; ausrufen [Streik]call a halt to something — mit etwas Schluss machen
7) (name) nennenhe is called Bob — er heißt Bob
8) (consider) nennen3. noun1) (shout, cry) Ruf, dercan you give me a call at 6 o'clock? — können Sie mich um 6 Uhr wecken?
remain/be within call — in Rufweite bleiben/sein
2) (of bugle, whistle) Signal, das3) (visit) Besuch, dermake or pay a call on somebody, make or pay somebody a call — jemanden besuchen
have to pay a call — (coll.): (need lavatory) mal [verschwinden] müssen (ugs.)
5) (invitation, summons) Aufruf, derthe call of the sea/the wild — der Ruf des Meeres/der Wildnis
have many calls on one's purse/time — finanziell/zeitlich sehr in Anspruch genommen sein
it's your call — du musst ansagen
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/10288/call_away">call away- call for- call in- call off- call on- call out- call up* * *[ko:l] 1. verb1) (to give a name to: My name is Alexander but I'm called Sandy by my friends) rufen3) (to speak loudly (to someone) to attract attention etc: Call everyone over here; She called louder so as to get his attention.) rufen4) (to summon; to ask( someone) to come( by letter, telephone etc): They called him for an interview for the job; He called a doctor.) anfragen, kommen lassen5) (to make a visit: I shall call at your house this evening; You were out when I called.) kurz besuchen6) (to telephone: I'll call you at 6 p.m.) anrufen2. noun1) (an exclamation or shout: a call for help.) der Ruf2) (the song of a bird: the call of a blackbird.) der Lockruf4) (the act of calling on the telephone: I've just had a call from the police.) der Anruf6) (a demand: There's less call for coachmen nowadays.) die Nachfrage7) (a need or reason: You've no call to say such things!)•- caller- calling
- call-box
- call for
- call off
- call on
- call up
- give someone a call
- give a call
- on call* * *I. NOUNwere there any \calls for me? hat jemand für mich angerufen?international/local \call Auslands-/Ortsgespräch ntofficial/private \call Dienst-/Privatgespräch ntto give sb a \call jdn anrufento make a \call telefonierento receive a \call einen Anruf erhalten, angerufen werdenthe radio station received a lot of \calls bei dem Radiosender gingen viele Anrufe einto return a \call zurückrufento return sb's \call jdn zurückrufento take a \call ein Gespräch annehmen [o entgegennehmenport of \call Anlaufhafen msales \call Vertreterbesuch mto make \calls Hausbesuche machento pay a \call on sb bei jdm vorbeischauen fam3. (request to come)to be on \call Bereitschaft [o Bereitschaftsdienst] habento receive a \call firemen, police zu einem Einsatz gerufen werden; doctor, nurse zu einem Hausbesuch gerufen werdenthe whale has a very distinctive \call Wale geben ganz charakteristische Laute von sicha \call for help ein Hilferuf mto give sb a \call jdn rufenwithin \call in Rufweite [o Hörweitethe \call of the desert/sea/wild der Ruf der Wüste/See/Wildnisto answer the \call seiner Berufung folgento give sb a [morning] \call jdn [morgens] weckento have many \calls on one's time zeitlich sehr beansprucht seinthere was no \call to shout es war nicht nötig zu schreienthere's no \call for you to use that language! du brauchst gar nicht so derb zu werden!what \call is there for you to get annoyed? warum ärgern Sie sich?to have no \call for sth keinen Grund für etw akk habenthere are already \calls for a strike in the mining industry im Bergbau wird bereits zum Streik aufgerufen\call for bids ECON öffentliche Ausschreibung14. STOCKEX (demand for payment) Aufruf m, Einzahlungsaufforderung f, Zahlungsaufforderung f; (option to buy) Kaufoption f, Vorprämie f fachspr\call option Kaufoption f\call price Rücknahmekurs m\call purchase [or sale] Erwerb m einer Kaufoption\call rule Schlusskurs m\call for funds Einforderung f von Geldern\call for payment Einforderung f\call for subscribed capital Einzahlungsaufforderung fto exercise one's \call seine Kaufoption ausübenat \call auf Abruf, sofort fälligmoney at [or on] \call Tagesgeld ntit's your call ( fam) das ist deine Entscheidung [o entscheidest du]we had a hard \call to make wir mussten eine schwierige Entscheidung treffento be a judgement \call AM eine Frage der Beurteilung seinhe is ten years' \call er ist seit zehn Jahren [als Anwalt] zugelassen17.I've got him at my beck and \call er tanzt völlig nach meiner PfeifeII. TRANSITIVE VERB1.don't \call us, we'll \call you wir melden uns bei Ihnento \call sb collect AM jdn per R-Gespräch anrufen2. (name)▪ to \call sth/sb sth:they've \called their daughter Katherine sie haben ihre Tochter Katherine genanntwhat's that actor \called again? wie heißt dieser Schauspieler nochmal?what's that \called in Spanish? wie heißt [o nennt man] das auf Spanisch?what do you call this new dance? wie heißt dieser neue Tanz?no one \calls him by his real name niemand nennt ihn bei seinem richtigen Namenshe's \called by her second name, Jane sie wird mit ihrem zweiten Namen Jane gerufento \call sb names jdn beschimpfen3. (regard, describe as)▪ to \call sth/sb sth:you \call this a meal? das nennst du ein Essen?he got off with a fine, and they \call that justice! er kam mit einer Geldstrafe davon, und so etwas nennt sich [dann] Gerechtigkeit!I'm not \calling you a liar ich sage [o behaupte] nicht, dass du lügstdon't \call me stupid! nenn mich nicht Dummkopf!I can't remember exactly but let's \call it £10 ich weiß es nicht mehr genau, aber sagen wir mal 10 Pfundto \call sb a close friend jdn als guten Freund/gute Freundin bezeichnen4. (shout)▪ to \call sth etw rufen▪ to \call sth at [or to] sb jdm etw zurufenI \called at [or to] him not to be late ich rief ihm zu, er solle nicht zu spät kommento \call insults at sb jdn lautstark beschimpfen5. (read aloud)to \call a list eine Liste verlesento call a name/number einen Namen/eine Nummer aufrufen [o verlesen]to \call the roll die Anwesenheitsliste durchgehen6. (summon)▪ to \call sb jdn rufenplease wait over there until I \call you warten Sie bitte dort drüben, bis ich Sie aufrufeI was \called to an emergency meeting ich wurde zu einer dringenden Sitzung gerufento \call sb to dinner jdn zum Abendessen rufento \call a doctor/a taxi einen Arzt/ein Taxi kommen lassento \call an expert einen Sachverständigen beiziehen7. (bring)to \call sb's attention to sth jds Aufmerksamkeit auf etw akk lenkento \call sth into being etw ins Leben rufento \call attention to oneself auf sich akk aufmerksam machento \call sth to mind (recall) sich dat etw ins Gedächtnis zurückrufen; (remember) sich akk an etw akk erinnernto \call sth into play etw ins Spiel bringen; (get under way) etw in die Wege leitento \call sth into question etw infrage stellen8. (summon to office)▪ to be \called [to do sth] ausersehen [o auserwählt] sein [etw zu tun]to be \called to an office auf einen Posten [o in ein Amt] berufen werden9. (wake)▪ to \call sb jdn wecken10. (give orders for)to \call an election Wahlen ansetzen [o geh anberaumen]to \call a halt to a development/to fighting ( form) einer Entwicklung/kämpferischen Auseinandersetzungen Einhalt gebieten gehthey had to \call a halt to the match because of the heavy rain wegen des starken Regens musste das Spiel abgebrochen werdento \call a meeting eine Versammlung einberufento \call a strike einen Streik ausrufen▪ to \call sb on sth jdn auf etw akk ansprechen; (show disapproval) jdn wegen einer S. gen zur Rede stellen12. SPORTto \call a ball (in baseball) einen Ball gebento \call the game AM das Spiel abbrechento \call a shot a goal ein Tor gebento \call a loan/mortgage die Ablösung eines Darlehens/einer Hypothek fordern14. LAWto \call sb to the bar BRIT jdn als Anwalt zulassento \call a case eine Sache [bei Gericht] aufrufento \call the jury die Geschworenen berufento \call a witness einen Zeugen/eine Zeugin aufrufento \call sb as a witness jdn als Zeugen benennen [o vorladen15.▶ to \call sb's bluff (ask to prove sth) jdn beim Wort nehmen; (challenge to do sth) jdn auf die Probe stellenlet's \call it a day! Schluss für heute!III. INTRANSITIVE VERB1. (telephone) anrufenwho's \calling, please? wer ist am Apparat?I've been \calling all morning ich habe den ganzen Vormittag herumtelefoniertto \call collect AM ein R-Gespräch führenthe doctor \called and gave me an injection der Arzt war da und hat mir eine Spritze gegeben▪ to \call to sb jdm zurufen4. (summon)▪ to \call to sb nach jdm rufen5. ECON, FIN einen Kredit kündigen* * *abbr computergestütztes Sprachlernen* * *call [kɔːl]A sfor nach):call for help Hilferuf;within call in Rufweite;they came at my call sie kamen auf mein Rufen hin;the doctor had a call this morning der Arzt wurde heute Morgen zu einem Patienten gerufen2. (Lock)Ruf m (eines Tieres)3. fig Lockung f, Ruf m:that’s the call of nature das ist etwas ganz Natürliches;he felt a call of nature euph hum er verspürte ein menschliches Rühren;he answered the call of nature euph hum er verrichtete sein Geschäft;4. Signal n:5. fig Berufung f, Mission f7. Aufruf m (auch für einen Flug und Computer) ( for an akk; to do zu zu tun), Aufforderung f, Befehl m:make a call for sth zu etwas aufrufen;make a call on eine Aufforderung richten an (akk);last call! US (in einer Bar etc) die letzten Bestellungen!, (etwa) Polizeistunde!; → order A 7, restraint 38. THEAT Herausruf m, Vorhang m:he had many calls er bekam viele Vorhängemake a call einen Besuch machen (auch Arzt);10. SCHIFF Anlaufen n (eines Hafens), FLUG Anfliegen n (eines Flughafens):11. neg.a) Veranlassung f, Grund m:there is no call for you to worry du brauchst dir keine Sorgen zu machenb) Recht n, Befugnis f:he had no call to do that er war nicht befugt, das zu tun12. Inanspruchnahme f:make many calls on sb’s time jemandes Zeit oft in Anspruch nehmen14. TEL Anruf m, Gespräch n:be on call telefonisch erreichbar sein;were there any calls for me? hat jemand für mich angerufen?;give sb a call jemanden anrufen;I had three calls ich wurde dreimal angerufen;make a call ein Gespräch führen, telefonieren;can I make a call? kann ich mal telefonieren?;I have a quick (an urgent) call to make ich muss schnell mal (dringend) telefonieren15. Kartenspiel:a) Ansage f16. WIRTSCHa) Zahlungsaufforderung fb) Abruf m (auch allg), Kündigung f (von Geldern):money at call tägliches Geld, Tagesgeld n;be on call Dienstbereitschaft haben (Arzt etc)c) Einlösungsaufforderung f (auf Schuldverschreibungen)have the first call fig den Vorrang haben18. SPORTa) Entscheidung f (des Schiedsrichters)b) Pfiff m (des Schiedsrichters)B v/tcall sth after (to) sb jemandem etwas nachrufen (zurufen);2. zu einem Streik etc aufrufen4. eine Versammlung, Pressekonferenz etc einberufen, anberaumen5. jemanden wecken:please call me at 7 o’clock6. Tiere (an)locken9. a) JUR eine Streitsache, Zeugen aufrufen10. WIRTSCH eine Schuldverschreibung etc einfordern, kündigen12. jemanden oder etwas rufen, nennen:after nach);a man called Smith ein Mann namens Smith;call sth one’s own etwas sein Eigen nennen;13. (be)nennen, bezeichnen (als):what do you call this? wie heißt oder nennt man das?;call it what you will wie auch immer man es nennen will14. nennen, finden, heißen, halten für:15. jemanden etwas schimpfen, heißen, schelten:16. Kartenspiel: eine Farbe ansagen:call sb’s hand (Poker) jemanden auffordern, seine Karten auf den Tisch zu legenthe umpire called the ball out (Tennis) der Schiedsrichter gab den Ball ausC v/i1. rufen:did you call? hast du gerufen?for nach):call for help um Hilfe rufen:the situation calls for courage die Lage erfordert Mut;that calls for a drink das muss begossen werden;duty calls die Pflicht ruft;3. vorsprechen, einen (kurzen) Besuch machen ( beide:on sb, at sb’s [house] bei jemandem;at the hospital im Krankenhaus):call on sb jemanden besuchen, jemandem einen Besuch abstatten;has he called yet? ist er schon da gewesen?;a) etwas anfordern, bestellen,b) jemanden, etwas abholen;4. call ata) SCHIFF anlegen in (dat):call at a port einen Hafen anlaufenb) BAHN halten in (dat)5. call (up)ona) sich wenden an (akk)( for sth um etwas oder wegen einer Sache), appellieren an (akk) ( to do zu tun):be called upon to do sth aufgefordert sein, etwas zu tun;I feel called upon ich fühle mich genötigt ( to do zu tun)6. anrufen, telefonieren:who is calling? mit wem spreche ich?* * *1. intransitive verb1) (shout) rufencall [out] for help — um Hilfe rufen
call [out] for somebody — nach jemandem rufen
2) (pay brief visit) [kurz] besuchen (at Akk.); vorbeikommen (ugs.) (at bei); [Zug:] halten (at in + Dat.)call at a port/station — einen Hafen anlaufen/an einem Bahnhof halten
call on somebody — jemanden besuchen; bei jemandem vorbeigehen (ugs.)
call round — vorbeikommen (ugs.)
3) (telephone)who is calling, please? — wer spricht da, bitte?
thank you for calling — vielen Dank für Ihren Anruf!; (broadcast)
2. transitive verbthis is London calling — hier spricht od. ist London
1) (cry out) rufen; aufrufen [Namen, Nummer]2) (cry to) rufen [Person]3) (summon) rufen; (to a duty, to do something) aufrufenthat was called in question — das wurde infrage gestellt od. in Zweifel gezogen
please call me a taxi or call a taxi for me — bitte rufen Sie mir ein Taxi
4) (radio/telephone) rufen/anrufen; (initially) Kontakt aufnehmen mitdon't call us, we'll call you — wir sagen Ihnen Bescheid
5) (rouse) wecken6) (announce) einberufen [Konferenz]; ausrufen [Streik]7) (name) nennen8) (consider) nennen9) (Cards etc.) ansagen3. noun1) (shout, cry) Ruf, derremain/be within call — in Rufweite bleiben/sein
2) (of bugle, whistle) Signal, das3) (visit) Besuch, dermake or pay a call on somebody, make or pay somebody a call — jemanden besuchen
have to pay a call — (coll.): (need lavatory) mal [verschwinden] müssen (ugs.)
5) (invitation, summons) Aufruf, derthe call of the sea/the wild — der Ruf des Meeres/der Wildnis
6) (need, occasion) Anlass, der; Veranlassung, diehave many calls on one's purse/time — finanziell/zeitlich sehr in Anspruch genommen sein
8) (Cards etc.) Ansage, diePhrasal Verbs:- call for- call in- call off- call on- call out- call up* * *n.Anruf -e m.Aufruf -e m.Ruf -e m. (US) v.anklingeln v.anrufen (Telefon) v.telefonieren v. (give a name to) v.heißen v.(§ p.,pp.: hieß, geheißen) v.holen v.rufen v.(§ p.,pp.: rief, gerufen) -
59 potential
1. nпотенциал; (потенциальная) возможностьto build up the potential — наращивать / создавать потенциал
- economic potentialto enhance potential — повышать / увеличивать потенциал
- energy potential
- export potential
- flap potential
- fuel and power potential
- get-rich-quick potential
- growth of the potential
- industrial potential
- life potential
- market potential
- military potential
- nuclear potential
- political potential
- powerful potential
- productive potential
- regional development potential
- resource potential
- revolutionary potential
- scientific and technical potential
- scientific potential
- spiritual potential
- technical potential
- war potential
- war-economy potential 2. aпотенциальный; возможный -
60 at
-თან, -ში, -ზეat home სახლში, შინat first თავდაპირველად / ჯერat the same time 2 იმავდროულად / ერთდროულადat the present time 2 ჩვენს დროში / ამჟამადan athletic figure ათლეტური ფიგურა / აღნაგობაI`m not at all tired სულაც არა ვარ დაღლილიI don`t know him at all სულ არ ვიცნობI’ll go today if at all თუ საერთოდ წავალ, დღეს წავალat the approaches to the town ქალაქის მისადგომებთან / მისადგომებზეthey arrived at a decision გადაწყვეტილებამდე მივიდნენ // გადაწყვეტილება მიიღესto be at daggers drawn / at daggers points with smb. ვინმესთან დანასისხლად ყოფნაat one / a single blow ერთი დარტყმითat bottom ბუნებით, გულითat bottom he is a kind man ბუნებით / გულით კეთილი კაციაat the close of the play პიესის ბოლოს / დასასრულსat / in one gulp ერთ ყლუპადat a given time დათქმულ / აღთქმულ დროსat the distance შორს, მოშორებითat the end of the world გადაკარგულში // ცხრა მთას იქითat all events // in any event ყოველ შემთხვევაშიat first sight/glance პირველივე შეხედვითat heart გულში, გუნებაშიat such an early / late hour ასე ადრე / გვიანat the very moment სწორედ იმ დროს/იმ მომენტშიat full throttle სრული სვლით // მაქსიმალური სიჩქარითat the top of one's voice / speed მთელი ხმით / სისწრაფითat the top of the page / list გვერდის / სიის თავშიat a touch შეხებისას // ერთი შეხებითat the last minute ბოლო წუთში / წუთსat the (present) moment ამჟამად, ახლაat / by / in the night ღამეat night-time ღამე / ღამთat close range ახლოს / ახლოდანat that rate ასეთ / ამ შემთხვევაშიat rest გაჩერებული, უმოძრაო, დაწყნარებულიat this point… ამ დროს // ამ ადგილზე / ადგილასat any point ნებისმიერ მომენტში // ნებისმიერ ადგილასat length 1 ბოლოს, დასადრულსat length 2 გრძლად / დიდხანსat last ბოლოს, დასასრულს, როგორც იქნაit's no bother at all სულაც არ მაწუხებ / არ ვწუხდებიI'm at your disposal თქვენს განკარგულებაში ვარ / მზად ვარ გემსახუროთit catches the eye at once მაშინვე თვალში გხვდება / გეცემაto be / feel at home in (on, with) რისამე კარგად ცოდნა / ფლობაhe is at home on any subject / topic ყველაფერშია გარკვეული // ყველაფერზე შეუძლია საუბარიI'm completely at sea აზრზე / ბაიბურში არა ვარ // წარმოდგენა არა მაქვსI'll stay at home / in bed შინ დავრჩები // ლოგინიდან არ ავდგები, ვიწვები●●he'll stop at nothing ყოველ ღონეს იხმარს // არაფერზე უკან არ დაიხევს // ყველაფერს იკადრებსto snap at 2 უკმეხად / მკვახედ პასუხიall at once უვებ / უცბად / მოულოდნელადto poke fun at smb. დაცინვაkeep at it! განაგრძე! / არ მოეშვა!to let out at smb. შეტევა, მივარდნა, ცემა (ეცემა)●●to be at liberty უფლების / ნების ქონაlook at me! შემომხედე, მიყურე!
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