polluō

* * *

pollŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [cf.: adluo, diluo; Gr. louô, to wash; luma, lumê, lumainô, to cleanse, ruin], to soil, defile, pollute.

Lit. (very rare):

ore dapes,

Verg. A. 3, 234:

ora cruore,

Ov. M. 15, 98:

pollui cuncta sanie, odore, contactu,

Tac. A. 4, 49:

usu tegmina,

id. ib. 13, 57:

vina deciduo immundiore lapsu,

Plin. 14, 19, 23, § 119:

polluta mensa cruore,

Sil. 7, 183.—

Trop.

In gen., to defile morally, to pollute, contaminate, violate, dishonor, desecrate, etc. (class.;

syn.: inquino, contamino): polluta et violata sacra,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

deorum hominumque jura inexpiabili scelere,

id. Phil. 11, 12, 29:

fratris filiam incesto,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 6:

tragico pollutus concubitu,

Juv. 2, 29:

famam domūs stupro turpi,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 17:

nec Electrae jugulo se polluit,

Juv. 8, 218:

mentem suam et aures hominum nefariā voce,

Tac. A. 3, 50: incestis se matrimoniis, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 6, 4, 3: jejunia, to violate, break, Nigid. ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 2:

Jovem,

to insult, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 8: ferias, to desecrate (by labor), Gell. 2, 28, 3:

avaritia invadit, polluit, vastat omnia,

Sall. J. 41, 9; Ov. M. 2, 794:

polluta pax,

Verg. A. 7, 467:

polluendam perdendamque rempublicam relinquere,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

ferias,

Macr. S. 1, 16, 11.—Esp., in eccl. Lat., to render unclean, in a ceremonial sense, Vulg. Lev. 7, 21; pass., to be unclean, id. ib. 11, 27;

15, 32: pollutum et mundum,

id. ib. 10, 10: pollutum comedit, id. Osee, 9, 3.—

In partic., to violate, dishonor a woman (post-Aug.), Tac. A. 12, 46; id. Agr. 31; Vulg. Ezech. 18, 11.—Hence, pollū-tus, a, um, P. a., polluted, i. e. no longer virgin, then vicious, unchaste, Cat. 60, 46:

femina,

Liv. 10, 23, 10:

princeps,

Tac. H. 2, 37 fin.:

scelesta pollutaque femina,

App. M. 10, 34.— Comp.:

senectus,

more vicious, more sinful, Sil. 11, 47.— Sup.:

dives,

App. M. 9, p. 234, 31.

pollŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [cf.: adluo, diluo; Gr. louô, to wash; luma, lumê, lumainô, to cleanse, ruin], to soil, defile, pollute.

Lit. (very rare):

ore dapes,

Verg. A. 3, 234:

ora cruore,

Ov. M. 15, 98:

pollui cuncta sanie, odore, contactu,

Tac. A. 4, 49:

usu tegmina,

id. ib. 13, 57:

vina deciduo immundiore lapsu,

Plin. 14, 19, 23, § 119:

polluta mensa cruore,

Sil. 7, 183.—

Trop.

In gen., to defile morally, to pollute, contaminate, violate, dishonor, desecrate, etc. (class.;

syn.: inquino, contamino): polluta et violata sacra,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

deorum hominumque jura inexpiabili scelere,

id. Phil. 11, 12, 29:

fratris filiam incesto,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 6:

tragico pollutus concubitu,

Juv. 2, 29:

famam domūs stupro turpi,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 17:

nec Electrae jugulo se polluit,

Juv. 8, 218:

mentem suam et aures hominum nefariā voce,

Tac. A. 3, 50: incestis se matrimoniis, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 6, 4, 3: jejunia, to violate, break, Nigid. ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 2:

Jovem,

to insult, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 8: ferias, to desecrate (by labor), Gell. 2, 28, 3:

avaritia invadit, polluit, vastat omnia,

Sall. J. 41, 9; Ov. M. 2, 794:

polluta pax,

Verg. A. 7, 467:

polluendam perdendamque rempublicam relinquere,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

ferias,

Macr. S. 1, 16, 11.—Esp., in eccl. Lat., to render unclean, in a ceremonial sense, Vulg. Lev. 7, 21; pass., to be unclean, id. ib. 11, 27;

15, 32: pollutum et mundum,

id. ib. 10, 10: pollutum comedit, id. Osee, 9, 3.—

In partic., to violate, dishonor a woman (post-Aug.), Tac. A. 12, 46; id. Agr. 31; Vulg. Ezech. 18, 11.—Hence, pollū-tus, a, um, P. a., polluted, i. e. no longer virgin, then vicious, unchaste, Cat. 60, 46:

femina,

Liv. 10, 23, 10:

princeps,

Tac. H. 2, 37 fin.:

scelesta pollutaque femina,

App. M. 10, 34.— Comp.:

senectus,

more vicious, more sinful, Sil. 11, 47.— Sup.:

dives,

App. M. 9, p. 234, 31.

inquĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cunire, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 50 Müll.], to befoul, stain, pollute, defile (syn.: polluo, contamino, conspurco).

Lit.:

vestem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17:

mentior at si quid, merdis caput inquiner albis Corvorum,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 37:

ruris opes niteant: inquinet arma situs,

Ov. F. 4, 928:

(gurgitem) venenis,

id. M. 14, 56:

segetem injecto lolio,

Dig. 9, 2, 27. —

Trop., to pollute, defile, corrupt, contaminate: saepe unus puer petulans atque impurus inquinat gregem puerorum, Varr. ap. Non. 168, 7:

amicitiam nomine criminoso,

Cic. Planc. 19, 46:

agros turpissimis possessoribus, id. Phil, 2, 17, 43: omnem splendorem honestatis,

id. Fin. 5, 8, 22:

urbis jura et exempla corrumpere domesticaque immanitate inquinare,

id. Deiot. 12, 23:

senatum,

Liv. 9, 46, 10:

famam alterius,

id. 29, 37 med.:

argumenta puerorum foedis amoribus,

Quint. 10, 1, 100; cf. id. 2, 5, 24; 4, 2, 102:

se parricidio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 6:

se vitiis atque flagitiis,

id. ib. 1, 30, 72:

nuptias et genus et domos,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 18:

Juppiter inquinavit aere tempus aureum,

id. Epod. 16, 64.—Hence, inquĭnātus, a, um, P. a., befouled, polluted.

Lit.:

aqua turbida et cadaveribus inquinata,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97.—

Transf., stained, dyed:

bis murice vellus inquinatum,

Mart. 4, 4, 6.—

Trop., defiled, impure, filthy, base.

In gen.:

omnibus flagitiis vita inquinata,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

nihil hoc homine inquinatius,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

sordidissima ratio et inquinatissima,

id. Off. 2, 6, 21:

quis in voluptate inquinatior,

id. Cael. 6, 13: comitia largitione inquinata, id. Q. Petit. Cons. fin.:

dextra inquinatior,

Cat. 33, 3:

sermo inquinatissimus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 65.—

In partic.

Of speech, low, base:

est vitiosum in verbis, si inquinatum, si abjectum,

Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 3, 7:

versus inquinatus, insuavissima littera,

id. Or. 49, 163. —

Tinctured, slightly imbued with any thing (cf. A. 2.):

litteris satis inquinatus est,

Petr. Fragm. Trag. 46 Burm.:

non inquinati sumus (istis vitiis), sed infecti,

Sen. Ep. 59 med. — Adv.: inquĭnātē, filthily, impurely; loqui, Cic. Brut. 37, 140; 74, 258.

lŭo, lui, 3, v. a. [root lu-, to wash; Gr. louô, loutron; cf. luma, luthron, polluo, diluo, and lavo], to wash, lave. — Lit.:

Graecia luitur Ionio,

Sil. 11, 22: amnis moenia luit, Prud. steph. 3, 190.—

Trop., to cleanse, purge:

insontes errore luit,

Val. Fl. 3, 407.

lŭo, lui (no sup., but fut. part. act. luiturus, Tert. adv. Marc. 5, 16; Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 140; Prud. Psych. 535; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 585), 3, v. a. [root lu, to loose, let go; Gr. luô; cf. lutêr, lutron; Lat. solvo, reluo; Germ. los; Engl. loose; prob. not connected with luo, 1.], to loose, let go, set free. —Hence,

To release from debt:

fundum a testatore obligatum,

Dig. 36, 1, 78, § 6.—

To pay a debt or penalty:

aes alienum,

Curt. 10, 2, 25:

debitum, Cod. Th. 2, 4, 3: cautum est ut lueret in singulas (arbores caesas) aeris XXV.,

Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 7.—

Luere poenas or poenam, to suffer as a punishment, undergo:

itaque mei peccati luo poenas,

Cic. Att. 3, 9, 1:

ad luendas rei publicae poenas,

id. Sull. 27, 76:

qui Tuscā pulsus ab urbe Exsilium dirā poenam pro caede luebat,

was undergoing banishment as a punishment, Ov. M. 3, 624:

augurium malis,

to suffer the misfortune which the augury predicted, Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 46:

supplicia crucibus,

Just. 2, 5, 6.—

To atone for, expiate (class.):

stuprum voluntariā morte luere,

Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64:

noxam pecuniā,

Liv. 38, 37:

qui (obsides) capite luerent, si pacto non staretur,

id. 9, 5:

sanguine perjuria,

Verg. G. 1, 502:

commissa,

id. ib. 4, 454.—

To satisfy, appease:

libidinem alicujus sanguine innocentium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77.—

To avert by expiation or punishment:

pericula publica,

Liv. 10, 28, 13:

responsa,

to render void, of no effect, Val. Fl. 2, 569.

ob-lĭno, lēvi, rarely lĭni (Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 898 P.), lĭtum, 3 (form acc. to the 4th conj. oblinio, q. v.), v. a., to daub or smear over, to bedaub, besmear (syn.: inficio, induco).

Lit.

In gen.:

cerussā malas oblinere,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 101:

se visco,

Varr. R. R. 3, 7:

obliti unguentis,

Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10:

oblitus caeno,

id. Att. 1, 21:

oblitus faciem suo cruore,

having besmeared his face with his own blood, Tac. A. 2, 17:

caede,

Ov. M. 4, 97:

sanguine,

id. ib. 11, 367.—

In partic.

To smear over, blot out, rub out any thing written (post-class.; cf.:

deleo, interpolo, oblittero): vestrum obleverunt et vestri superscripserunt,

Gell. 20, 6, 4.— Trop.:

veritatem oblinire,

to blot out, Ambros. de Spic. Savet. 3, 10, 60.—

To bemire, befoul, defile (syn.: polluo, inquino, maculo): quid tu istuc curas, ubi ego oblinar atque voluter? Lucil. ap. Non. 420, 22:

catulos,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 13:

aliquem caeno,

Dig. 47, 11, 1, § 1; cf. also II. A.—

To stop up by smearing, to plaster over (syn. obturo):

dolia oblinito,

Cato, R. R. 36:

amphoram,

id. ib. 127:

oblinitur minimae si qua est suspicio rimae,

is stopped up, Mart. 11, 45, 5:

gypso oblitus cadus,

Plin. 20, 9, 39, § 98.—

Transf., to cover over, fill with any thing (of things;

very rare): villa oblita tabulis pictis,

Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 5.—

Trop.

To befoui, defile (class.): se externis moribus. Cic. Brut. 13, 51:

oblitus parricidio,

id. Phil. 11, 12, 27:

sunt omnia dedecore oblita,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8:

geram morem vobis et me oblinam sciens,

id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

aliquem versibus atris,

to defame, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 30.—

To cover over, to fill with any thing; to fill to excess, to overload: facetiae oblitae Latio. Roman wit which had received a Latin tincture (through the right of citizenship granted to the Latins), Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

divitiis oblitus actor,

covered, decked, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 204:

oblita oratio,

overloaded, Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16:

Sallustii scripta nimiā priscorum verborum affectatione oblita,

Suet. Gram. 10.—

To cover over, blind, deceive:

sicine mihi esse os oblitum,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 4, 33.

scĕlĕro, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to pollute, defile, contaminate, desecrate (in the verb. finit. rare, and only poet.;

syn.: temero, polluo): impia non verita est divos scelerare parentes,

Cat. 64, 405; cf. Stat. Th. 2, 663:

sanguine fauces,

id. ib. 8, 761:

parce pias scelerare manus,

Verg. A. 3, 42:

Cererem,

Juv. 9, 25:

animum,

Sil. 16, 122; cf.:

dextram sanguine,

Stat. Th. 9, 666. —Hence, scĕlĕrātus, a, um, P. a., polluted, profaned by crime.

Lit. (appellatively;

only in the poets): terra,

Verg. A. 3, 60:

terrae,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 29:

limina Thracum,

id. M. 13, 628.—

In partic., as an adj. prop., denoting places where crimes had been committed or criminals punished. So,

Sceleratus Vicus, that part of the Vicus Cyprius, on the Esquiline, in which Tullia, daughter of Servius Tullius, drove over her father ' s corpse, Liv. 1, 48; Varr. L. L. 5, § 159 Müll.; Ov. F. 6, 609; Fest. pp. 332 and 333 Müll.—

Sceleratus Campus, under the city will hard by the porta Collina, where unchaste Vestals were buried alive, Liv. 8, 15; Fest. l. l.; Serv. Verg. A. 11, 206.—

Scelerata sedes, the place of punishment for the wicked in Tartarus, Tib. 1, 3, 67; Ov. M. 4, 455;

also called Sceleratum limen,

Verg. A. 6, 563.—For Scelerata Porta and Castra, v. infra, B. 2. b.—

Transf.

Subjectively, bad, impious, wicked, ac-cursed, infamous, vicious, flagitious; in the masc. subst., a bad, impious, or vicious person; a wretch, miscreant (the predom. signif.; freq. with nefarius, impious, etc.; cf. consceleratus);

of persons: virum sceleratum, facinorosum, nefarium,

Cic. Rep. 3, 17, 27:

deliberantium genus totum sceleratum et impium,

id. Off. 3, 8, 37; id. Mur. 30, 62 (with nefarius); id. Att. 9, 15, 5 (with impurus); Caes. B. G. 6, 13 (with impius); Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 4; Ter. And. 1, 1, 132; id. Ad. 4, 2, 14; Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23; Caes. B. G. 6, 34; Sall. C. 52, 36:

facto plus et sceleratus eodem,

Ov. M. 3, 5:

puella,

id. R. Am. 299; Liv. 1, 59; 31, 31; Suet. Ner. 46; Hor. S. 2, 3, 71; 2, 3, 221 al.— Comp.:

homo sceleratior,

Ov. M. 11, 781.— Sup.:

refertam esse Graeciam sceleratissimorum hominum,

Cic. Planc. 41, 98; Sall. J. 14, 2; 31, 12; Liv. 4, 32 et saep.—Of things:

sceleratas ejus preces et nefaria vota cognovimus,

Cic. Clu. 68, 194:

contra patriam scelerata arma capere,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 1; Ov. M. 5, 102:

conjuratio,

Liv. 2, 6:

insania belli,

Verg. A. 7, 461:

caput,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 2, 33:

vox (with inhumana),

Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64:

consilia,

Vell. 2, 130, 3:

amor habendi,

Ov. M. 1, 131:

munera,

id. ib. 8, 94:

ignes,

id. F. 6, 439.— Comp.:

a sceleratiore hastā,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 29:

causa parricidii,

Just. 10, 2, 1. — Sup.:

res,

Quint. 3, 8, 45:

fraus humani ingenii,

Plin. 34, 14, 39, § 138.— Poet.:

subit ira sceleratas sumere poenas,

i.e. to take satisfaction for her crimes, Verg. A. 2, 576. —

(As a result of viciousness or criminality; cf. scelus, II. C.) Hurtful, harmful, noxious, pernicious, unhappy, unfortunate, calamitous, etc. (only poet. and in postAug. prose):

teritur sinapis scelerata: qui terunt, oculi ut exstillent, facit,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 28:

herba,

App. Herb. 8.— Sup.:

sceleratissimis serpentium haemorrhoidi et presteri,

Plin. 24, 13, 73, § 117:

frigus,

Verg. G. 2, 256:

lues,

Mart. 1, 102, 6:

poëmata,

id. 3, 50, 9 et saep.: MATER, Inscr. Rein. cl. 12, 122; so Inscr. Fabr. p. 237, 631:

PARENTES,

Inscr. Murat. 1187, 2.—

Made hurtful, i. e. poisoned:

scelerata sucis spicula,

Sil. 3, 272.—

As an adj. prop.

Scelerata Porta, the gate (also called Porta Carmentalis) through which the three hundred Fabii marched on their fatal expedition, Fest. pp. 334 and 335 Müll.; Serv. Verg. A. 8, 337; Flor. 1, 12, 2.—

Scelerata Castra, the camp in which D. Drusus died, Suet. Claud. 1.—Hence, adv.: scĕlĕrātē (acc. to B. 1.), impiously, wickedly, nefariously (Ciceronian):

peccavi scelerateque feci,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 2:

facere (with audacter),

id. Sull. 24, 67:

dicere (opp. pie),

id. Mil. 38, 103:

susceptum bellum,

id. Cat. 1, 10, 27.— Comp.:

sceleratius,

Vulg. Ezech. 16, 52. — Sup.:

sceleratissime machinatus omnes insidias,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

spurco, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to make filthy, to befoul, defile (rare; syn.: polluo, contamino).

Lit.:

si quis fimo aliquem pertuderit, luto oblinierit, aquā spurcaverit,

Dig. 47, 11, 1:

vinum,

ib. 9, 2, 27:

ex istoc loco spurcatur nasum odore inlutili,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 57.—

Trop.:

senectus Spurcata impuris moribus,

Cat. 108, 2.— P. a.: spurcātus, a, um, sup.:

helluo spurcatissimus,

most foul, Cic. Dom. 10, 25 B. and K.

spurco, no perf., ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to make filthy, to befoul, defile (rare; syn.: polluo, contamino).

Lit.:

si quis fimo aliquem pertuderit, luto oblinierit, aquā spurcaverit,

Dig. 47, 11, 1:

vinum,

ib. 9, 2, 27:

ex istoc loco spurcatur nasum odore inlutili,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 57.—

Trop.:

senectus Spurcata impuris moribus,

Cat. 108, 2.— P. a.: spurcātus, a, um, sup.:

helluo spurcatissimus,

most foul, Cic. Dom. 10, 25 B. and K.

vĭŏlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [vis], to treat with violence (corporeally, and, more freq., mentally), to injure, dishonor, outrage, violate (cf.: laedo, polluo, contamino).

Lit. with persons as objects:

hospites violare fas non putant,

to injure, do violence to, Caes. B. G. 6, 23 fin.:

aliquem,

id. B. C. 3, 98:

patriam prodere, parentes violare,

Cic. Fin. 3, 9, 32.—Esp.: virginem, Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 80 Müll.; Tib. 1, 6, 51; cf. Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1 fin.:

sacrum vulnere corpus,

Verg. A. 11, 591; cf.:

Getico peream violatus ab arcu,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 45.—

Transf.

With places as objects, to invade, violate, profane:

fines eorum se violaturum negavit,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32:

loca religiosa et lucos,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 2, 7:

Iliacos agros ferro,

Verg. A. 11, 255:

Cereale nemus securi,

Ov. M. 8, 741:

silva vetus nullāque diu violata securi,

id. F. 4, 649.—

With the senses as objects, to outrage, shock:

oculos nostros (tua epistola),

Ov. H. 17, 1; cf.:

aures meas obsceno sermone,

Petr. 85.—

With abstract objects, to violate, outrage, break, injure, etc.:

officium,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 109:

jus,

id. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

religionem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 186:

virginitatem alicujus,

id. N. D. 3, 23, 59:

vitam patris,

id. Par. 3, 25:

inducias per scelus,

to break, Caes. B. C. 2, 15:

foedera,

Liv. 28, 44, 7; Tib. 1, 9, 2:

amicitiam,

Cic. Phil. 2, 1, 3:

existimationem absentis,

id. Quint. 23, 73; cf.:

nominis nostri famam tuis probris,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 82:

dignitatem alicujus in aliquā re,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 2; cf.:

injuriae sunt, quae aut pulsatione corpus aut convicio aures aut aliquā turpitudine vitam cujuspiam violant,

Auct. Her. 4, 25, 35.—

Trop. (rare and poet.):

Indum sanguineo ostro ebur,

i. e. to dye of a blood-red, Verg. A. 12, 67 (an imitation of the Homeric elephanta phoiniki miênê, Il. 4, 141).

vĭtĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [vitium], to make faulty, to injure, spoil, mar, taint, corrupt, infect, vitiate (class., esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: corrumpo, noceo).

Lit.

In gen.:

dira lues quondam Latias vitiaverat auras,

Ov. M. 15, 626; cf.:

amnem salibus amaris,

id. ib. 15, 286:

ossa,

Cels. 8, 2:

corpora,

Ov. F. 6, 136:

oculos,

id. F. 1, 691:

facies longis vitiabitur annis,

id. Tr. 3, 7, 33:

ferramentum in opere,

Col. 11, 1, 20:

ova,

id. 8, 11, 5:

vina,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 54:

boves aliqua offensa,

Pall. 4, 12, 1.—

In partic., to violate a woman (cf.: violo, polluo): aliquam in occulto, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 13, 4:

virginem,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 37; id. Ad. 4, 5, 52; Suet. Aug. 71; Quint. 9, 2, 70 al.; cf.:

vitiati pondera ventris (sc. stupro),

Ov. H. 11, 37.—

Trop.:

comitiorum et contionum significationes sunt nonnumquam vitiatae atque corruptae,

falsified, Cic. Sest. 54, 115 Halm N. cr.: dies, to make void the nomination of a day for the census, id. Att. 4, 9, 1; cf.:

senatusconsulta arbitrio consulum supprimebantur vitiabanturque,

Liv. 3, 55, 13:

scripturas,

Dig. 50, 17, 94: auspicia, Messala ap. Gell. 13, 15, 4:

pectora limo malorum,

Ov. P. 4, 2, 18; cf.:

curis vitiatum corpus amaris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 3.