break

* * *

rumpo, rūpi, ruptum ( inf. paragog. rumpier, Afran. Com. 127), 3, v. a. [root rup], to break, burst, tear, rend, rive, rupture; to break asunder, burst in pieces, force open, etc. (very freq. and class.; a favorite word of the Aug. poets; cf. frango).

Lit.: SI MEMBRVM RVPIT NI CVM EO PACIT TALIO ESTO, Lex XII. Tab. ap. Fest. S. V. TALIO, p. 274; and ap. Gell. 20, 1, 14; cf. Cato ap. Prisc. p. 710 P.:

vincula,

Lucr. 3, 83; Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 8; id. Tusc. 1, 30, 74; Prop. 4, 10, 4; Verg. A. 10, 233 al.:

catenas,

Prop. 3, 13, 11; Hor. S. 2, 7, 70; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 3:

frena pudoris,

Prop. 4, 18, 3:

obstantia claustra,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 9:

teretes plagas (aper),

id. C. 1, 1, 28:

pontem,

to break down, Liv. 7, 9; cf.:

rupti torrentibus pontes,

Quint. 2, 13, 16:

montem aceto (Hannibal),

Juv. 10, 153:

Alpes,

Sil. 11, 135:

arcum,

Phaedr. 3, 14, 10:

plumbum (aqua),

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 20:

carinam (sinus Noto remugiens),

id. Epod. 10, 20:

tenta cubilia tectaque,

id. ib. 12, 12:

vestes,

Ov. M. 6, 131; cf.:

tenues a pectore vestes,

id. A. A. 3, 707:

sinus pariterque capillos,

id. M. 10, 722:

linum ruptum aut turbata cera,

Quint. 12, 8, 13:

praecordia ferro,

to penetrate, Ov. M. 6, 251; 5, 36; cf.:

guttura cultro,

to cut, id. ib. 15, 465:

colla securi,

id. ib. 12, 249:

nubem (vis venti),

to sunder, rive, Lucr. 6, 432:

fulmen nubes rumpit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 58, 1:

spiritus rumpit nubes,

id. ib. 2, 54, 3:

ruptae nubes et in pronum solutae,

id. ib. 5, 12, 1:

caelum,

Sil. 3, 196:

polum,

id. 1, 135: turbo ruptus, breaking or bursting forth, Verg. A. 2, 416 et saep.:

tuā causā rupi ramices,

burst, ruptured, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 30:

suos ramices,

id. Poen. 3, 1, 37:

inflatas vesiculas,

Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:

pectora fremitu (leones),

Lucr. 3, 297:

illius immensae ruperunt horrea messes,

filled to repletion, Verg. G. 1, 49; Col. 10, 307:

frugibus rupta congestis horrea,

Sid. 1, 6:

ilia,

Cat. 11, 20; 80, 7; Verg. E. 7, 26; cf. with a personal object:

rupit Iarbitam Timagenis aemula lingua, Dum, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 15.—Esp. reflexively, to burst or split one ' s self, to burst, split, etc.:

me rupi causā currendo tuā,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 43; id. Capt. prol. 14; Lucil. ap. Non. 88, 11; 382, 23:

ut me ambulando rumperet,

Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 21:

non, si te ruperis, Par eris,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 319.— Mid.: ego misera risu clandestino rumpier, to burst, split, Afran. ap. Non. 382, 21 (Com. Rel. p. 154 Rib.); so,

frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis,

Verg. E. 8, 71:

quā (licentiā audacium) ante rumpebar, nunc ne movear quidem,

could have burst, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

et inflatas rumpi vesiculas,

id. Div. 2, 14, 33; cf.:

rumpantur iniqui, Vicimus,

Prop. 1, 8, 27:

miser Rumperis (sc. irā) et latras,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 136: rumpere viam, iter, etc., to force a passage, make one ' s way by force: ferro rumpenda per hostes Est via, a passage must be burst or forced through, Verg. A. 10, 372; cf.:

eo nisi corporibus armisque rupere cuneo viam,

Liv. 2, 50:

rupta via,

Quint. 9, 4, 63:

viam igne,

Stat. Th. 8, 469:

iter ferro,

Sil. 4, 196 (with reserare viam);

15, 782: Alpes,

id. 11, 135:

rupto sonuit sacer aequore Titan,

Val. Fl. 2, 37:

cursus,

id. ib. 1, 3; Sil. 7, 568 et saep.:

rumpere media agmina,

to burst through, break through, Verg. A. 12, 683; cf.:

proelia misso equo,

Prop. 3, 11, 64 (4, 10, 62):

ruptā mersum caput obruit undā,

Ov. M. 11, 569:

mediam aciem,

Liv. 26, 5:

pugnantibus acies rumpenda,

Just. 1, 6, 11:

ordines,

Liv. 6, 13:

aditus,

Verg. A. 2, 494:

parvos hiatus,

Sil. 5, 616:

fontem,

to break open, cause to break forth, Ov. M. 5, 257:

fontes abyssae magnae,

Vulg. Gen. 7, 11: se rumpere, to break out, burst forth ( = erumpere):

ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese Diversi rumpent radii,

Verg. G. 1, 446:

tantus se nubibus imber Ruperat,

id. A. 11, 548:

unde altus primum se erumpit Enipeus,

id. G. 4, 368; so,

rumpi, in mid. force: dum amnes ulli rumpuntur fontibus,

id. ib. 3, 428:

alicui reditum,

to cut off, Hor. Epod. 13, 15.— Absol.: offendit, fregit, rumpit, icit poculo, wounds, Afran. ap. Non. 124, 6 (Com. Rel. p. 173 Rib.); so, si quis rumpet occidetve insciens ne fraus esto, an ancient form of rogation in Liv. 22, 10, 5; cf. Dig. 9, 2, 27, § 17. —

Trop., to break, violate, destroy, annul, make void, interrupt, etc.:

hunc quisquam... foedera scientem neglexisse, violasse, rupisse dicere audebit?

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; so,

foedera,

Lucr. 2, 254; Auct. Her. 4, 14, 20; Liv. 9, 1; 21, 10; Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 35:

foedus,

Liv. 3, 25, 5; 42, 40, 3:

imperium,

Curt. 10, 2, 15; Tac. A. 13, 36; id. H. 3, 19:

sacramenti religionem,

Liv. 28, 27:

reverentiam sacramenti,

Tac. H. 1, 12:

fidem induciarum, pacis, etc.,

Liv. 9, 40 fin.; 24, 29; Verg. G. 4, 213; Flor. 4, 2, 16:

jus gentium,

Liv. 4, 17:

hostium jus et sacra legationis et fas gentium,

Tac. A. 1, 42:

rogationes vos rogatas rumpitis,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 24:

edicta,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 22:

decreta,

Ov. M. 15, 780:

leges,

Luc. 4, 175:

constat, agnascendo rumpi testamentum,

is made void, Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 241; cf.:

jura testamentorum ruptorum aut ratorum,

id. ib. 1, 38, 173:

nuptias,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 7:

amores,

Verg. A. 4, 292:

condiciones pacis,

Vell. 2, 48, 5:

obsequium,

Suet. Galb. 16:

fata aspera,

Verg. A. 6, 882:

fati necessitatem humanis consiliis,

Liv. 1, 42:

ne me e somno excitetis et rumpatis visum,

break in upon, interrupt, Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12; so,

somnum,

Verg. A. 7, 458; cf. Sen. Ep. 51, 12:

sacra,

Verg. A. 8, 110:

carmina,

Tib. 2, 3, 20:

novissima verba,

Ov. A. A. 1, 539:

ut vero amplexus fessi rupere supremos,

Val. Fl. 5, 32:

strepitu silentia rumpi,

Lucr. 4, 583:

silentia (verbis),

Verg. A. 10, 64; Ov. M. 1, 208; 11, 598; Hor. Epod. 5, 85; Val. Fl. 3, 509; Plin. Pan. 55, 4:

diutinum silentium,

App. M. 10, p. 239, 14:

taciturnitatem,

Tac. A. 1, 74:

patientiam,

Suet. Tib. 24:

en age, segnes Rumpe moras,

break off, end delay, Verg. G. 3, 43; so,

rumpe moras,

id. A. 4, 569; 9, 13; Ov. M. 15, 583 Bach, N. cr.; Val. Fl. 1, 306; Mart. 2, 64, 9; Plin. Ep. 5, 11, 2; cf.:

rumpunt moras,

Luc. 1, 264:

otia,

Verg. A. 6, 813.— Poet.: rumpit has imo pectore voces, breaks forth, breaks out in, gives vent to, utters, etc., Verg. A. 11, 377; so,

vocem,

id. ib. 2, 129; 3, 246; Sil. 8, 301; Tac. A. 6, 20:

questus,

Verg. A. 4, 553; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 249:

gemitum,

Sil. 4, 458.

rē̆-fringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [frango], to break up, break open (class.; syn.: perfringo, dissicio).

Lit.:

cellas,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 10: postes portasque, Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 7, 622, and ap. Hor. S. 1, 4, 61 (Ann. v. 271 Vahl.); Caes. B. G. 2, 33; Liv. 10, 43; 24, 30; 25, 9 et saep. al.:

januam,

Tac. A. 14, 8:

palatii fores,

id. H. 1, 35:

claustra,

Cic. Mur. 8, 17; Val. Fl. 1, 595:

carcerem,

Liv. 34, 44 fin.:

glaebam et revolvere in pulverem,

Col. 11, 2, 60:

totas refringere vestes,

to tear open, Ov. M. 9, 208:

radium solis refringi,

is refracted, Plin. 2, 59, 60, § 150.—

In gen., to break, break in pieces, break off ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

quae demersa liquore obeunt, refracta videntur Omnia convorti sursumque supina revorti,

Lucr. 4, 440:

refringit virgulta pede vago,

Cat. 63, 86: ramum, to break off, * Verg. A. 6, 210; so,

mucronem,

Plin. 8, 15, 17, § 41; cf.

aculeos,

Plin. Ep. 3, 15, 3:

silvas (Hyleus),

Stat. Th. 4, 139. —

Trop., to break, break in pieces, check, weaken, destroy, etc.:

vim fluminis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56; cf. Liv. 5, 37:

impotentem dominationem,

Nep. Lys. 1, 4; cf.:

Teutonicas opes, Frop. 3, 3 (4, 2), 44: nec Priami domus Achivos refringit,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 28:

ingeniorum impetus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 7:

claustra pudoris et reverentiae,

id. ib. 2, 14, 4: verba, to mutilate or mangle speech, like children, Stat. S. 2, 1, 123.

frango, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [root in Gr. FPAT, rhêgnumi, rhêgma, rhôgaleos; Goth. Brikkan; Irish brissim; Germ. brechen; Engl. break; but cf. Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 182, and v. the letter F], to break, break in pieces, dash to pieces, shiver, break in two (cf.: rumpo, diffringo).

Lit.: hastas frangit quatitque, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 435 ed. Vahl.); cf.: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 504, 33 (Trag. v. 213 ed. Vahl.): fraxinus frangitur atque abies consternitur alta, is broken, felled, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 195 ed. Vahl.):

simulacra,

Lucr. 6, 419:

milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo: ergo alter alterius ubicumque nactus est ova, frangit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

anulus aureus fractus et comminatus est,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 56:

compluribus navibus fractis,

dashed to pieces, Caes. B. G. 4, 29, 3:

naves,

Hor. A. P. 20:

navem is fregit apud Andrum insulam,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 17; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57:

domus fracta conjectu lapidum,

Cic. Att. 4, 3, 2:

janua frangatur, latret canis,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 128:

patinam,

id. ib. 2, 8, 72:

lagenam,

id. ib. 81:

crystallina,

Mart. 14, 111:

aulas in caput,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 21:

corpora ad saxum,

Verg. A. 3, 625:

vindices rerum capitalium laqueo gulam fregere,

broke his neck, strangled him, Sall. C. 55, 5:

cervices civium Romanorum in carcere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147; id. Vatin. 11, 26:

senile guttur parentis impiā manu,

Hor. Epod. 3, 2:

cerebrum,

Verg. A. 5, 413:

brachium,

Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253; cf.

coxam,

Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

crus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 59:

crura,

Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 27; Suet. Aug. 67; id. Tib. 44; Vulg. Johan. 19, 31:

cornu in arbore,

Ov. F. 5, 121:

non ego te, tigris ut aspera Gaetulusve leo, frangere persequor,

to tear in pieces, Hor. C. 1, 23, 10; cf.:

indomitos ut cum Massyla per arva Armenti reges magno leo fregit hiatu, etc.,

Stat. Th. 11, 28; Val. Fl. 2, 458; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

nubes in montem actae non franguntur, sed circumfunduntur,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 28, 2.—

Transf., in gen., to break up small, to grind, bruise, crush (freq. since the Aug. per.):

glebam bidentibus,

Verg. G. 2, 400;

glebas,

id. ib. 3, 161:

fruges robore saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

farra saxo,

Val. Fl. 2, 448:

hordeum molis,

Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 72:

granum dentibus,

id. 18, 24, 54, § 196:

fabam,

id. 19, 3, 15, § 40:

glandem (sues),

Verg. G. 2, 72:

testes homini,

Plin. 11, 49, 110, § 263:

toros,

to press, throw one's self upon, Mart. 2, 59, 3; 4, 8, 6: comam in gradus, to twist, braid, Quint. 1, 6, 44:

mare montis ad ejus Radices frangit fluctus,

breaks, Lucr. 6, 695; cf.:

quam (fortunam) existimo levem et imbecillam ab animo firmo et gravi tamquam fluctum a saxo frangi oportere,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 6:

fluctus (scopulus),

Luc. 6, 266:

undam,

Ov. F. 4, 282:

aquas,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

amnem nando,

Luc. 8, 374; cf. Sil. 3, 457; 8, 555:

iter,

i. e. turn off from it, Stat. Th. 12, 232.

Trop., to break down, subdue, weaken, diminish, violate; to soften, move, touch:

quem (Viriathum) C. Laelius praetor ita fregit et comminuit ferocitatemque ejus ita repressit, ut, etc.,

broke down, subdued, Cic. Off. 2, 11 fin.; cf.:

fractam illam et debilitatam vim suam, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 2:

quem series immensa laborum fregerit,

Ov. H. 9, 6:

nationes frangere domareque,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:

proeliis calamitatibusque fracti,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 7:

victi sumus igitur, aut, si vinci dignitas non potest, fracti certe et abjecti,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

te ut ulla res frangat?

would break, shake thy resolution, id. Cat. 1, 9, 22; cf.:

frangi metu, cupiditate,

id. Off. 1, 20, 68:

fractus ac debilitatus metu,

id. de Or. 1, 26, 121:

flecti animo atque frangi,

id. Sull. 6, 18:

frangi animo,

id. Phil. 2, 15, 37:

dolore,

id. Fin. 2, 29, 95:

misericordiā,

id. Att. 7, 12, 3:

pudore,

id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48 et simil.; cf.

also: aliquem auctoritate,

id. ib. 1, 21 fin.:

aliquem patientiā,

id. Brut. 25, 95: quae (vis) summas frangit infirmatque opes, Poët. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 28:

debilitatur ac frangitur eloquentia,

Tac. Dial. 39:

mollis illa educatio, quam indulgentiam vocamus, nervos omnes et mentis et corporis frangit,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

frangitur vox,

id. 11, 3, 20; cf. id. 12, 11, 2:

vox Auditur fractos sonitus imitata tubarum,

Verg. G. 4, 72:

et illa (littera), quae est sexta nostrarum (i. e. F) quoties aliquam consonantem frangit, ut in hoc ipso frangit, multo fit horridior,

i. e. weakens, Quint. 12, 10, 29 Spald. (v. the passage in its connection); cf. id. 1, 4, 11:

primum divisit ineleganter: duo enim genera quae erant, fecit tria: hoc est non dividere, sed frangere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 9, 26; cf.:

frangas citius quam corrigas, quae in pravum induruerunt,

Quint. 1, 3, 12:

bellum proeliis frangere,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

dignitatem,

id. Fam. 9, 16, 6:

hunc (pedum dolorem) abstinentiā, sanctitate vicit et fregit,

Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 5:

ut equorum cursum delicati minutis passibus frangunt,

Quint. 9, 4, 113:

animos frangi et debilitari molestiā,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2:

ingenium (mala),

Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 33:

sublimia pectora (Venus et vinum),

id. F. 1, 301:

ego unus contudi et fregi exsultantis praedonis audaciam,

Cic. Phil. 13, 13 fin.; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Non. 301, 8 (id. Rep. 3, 36 ed. Mos.):

furorem et petulantiam alicujus,

id. Pis. 14, 31:

libidines,

id. Leg. 3, 13, 31:

odium iramque (risus),

Quint. 6, 3, 9:

impetum cogitationis (membranae),

id. 10, 3, 31:

consilium alicujus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 4; cf.:

sententiam alicujus,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1:

foedus,

id. Pis. 12, 28; id. Scaur. 42:

fidem,

id. Rosc. Com. 6, 16:

jura pudicitiae,

Prop. 4 (5), 5, 28:

mandata,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 19:

fas,

Grat. Cyneg. 451:

morantem diem mero (= breviorem reddere),

to shorten, Hor. C. 2, 7, 6:

vina,

i. e. to weaken, dilute, Mart. 14, 103; Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 138:

cum frangerem jam ipse me cogeremque illa ferre toleranter,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 2:

nec animus tantis se laboribus frangeret, neque, etc.,

id. Arch. 11, 29:

ante quam calores aut frigora se fregerunt,

diminished, abated, Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18; cf.:

Scaevola paulum quiescet, dum se calor frangat,

Cic. de Or. 1, 62, 265:

fracti aestus et nondum orta frigora,

Cels. 7, 7, 4 fin.; cf.:

fluctus se frangit,

Sen. Med. 392:

glacies se frangit,

id. Q. N. 4, 5, 4.—Hence, fractus, a, um, P. a., weakened, weak, feeble, faint:

jamque adeo fracta est aetas effetaque tellus Vix animalia parva creat,

Lucr. 2, 1151:

quod me audis fractiorem esse animo,

i. e. more disheartened, less courageous, Cic. Att. 11, 12, 4; cf.:

spes amplificandae fortunae fractior,

id. Lael. 16, 59:

in compositione fractus,

powerless, feeble, Quint. 12, 10, 12; cf.:

quid est tam fractum, tam minutum, tam in ipsa concinnitate puerile?

Cic. Brut. 83, 287; and:

corruptum et omnibus vitiis fractum dicendi genus,

Quint. 10, 1, 125: corrupta oratio maxime comprehensione obscura, compositione fracta consistit, id. [p. 777] 8, 3, 57:

effeminata et fracta impudicis modis (musice),

id. 1, 10, 31.

prō-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a. and n.

Act., to thrust or cast forth, to cause to break, burst, or rush forth, to send forth:

(Aetna) atram prorumpit ad aethera nubem,

Verg. A. 3, 572:

proruptus pons,

broken down, Tac. H. 1, 86 (al. proruto).—With se, to burst forth, dash forth:

cerva in fugam sese prorupit,

Gell. 15, 22, 6.—Mid.: prorumpi, to rush or burst forth:

hinc prorumpitur in mare venti vis,

Lucr. 6, 436:

mare proruptum,

Verg. A. 1, 246:

proruptum exundat pelagus,

Sil. 3, 51:

proruptus corpore sudor,

Verg. A. 7, 459:

prorupto sanguine,

Stat. Th. 2, 626.—

Neutr., to rush or break forth, to burst out.

Lit.:

per medios audacissime proruperunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 15:

in hostes,

Verg. A. 10, 379:

obsessi omnibus portis prorumpunt,

Tac. H. 4, 34. —

Transf., of things, to break out, break or burst forth, make its appearance:

cum diu cohibitae lacrimae prorumperent,

Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 5:

vis morbi in unum intestinum prorupit,

Nep. Att. 21, 3:

incendium proruperat,

a fire had broken out, Tac. A. 15, 40:

stercora,

Vulg. Judic. 3, 22:

prorumpit in auras vox,

Sil. 3, 699:

nihil prorupit, quo conjuratio intellegeretur,

became known, Tac. H. 4, 55.—

Trop., to break out, burst forth:

illa pestis prorumpet,

Cic. Mur. 39, 85:

eo prorumpere hominum cupiditatem, ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 5, 12:

in bellum,

to break out, Just. 24, 1, 1:

in scelera ac dedecora,

Tac. A. 6, 51:

ad minas,

to break out into threats, id. ib. 11, 35:

ad quod victo silentio prorupit reus,

at which he broke silence and burst forth, id. ib. 11, 2; 12, 54; 13, 12.

* * *

perfringo, frēgi, fractum, 3, v. a. [perfrango], to break through, to break or dash in pieces, to shiver, shatter (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

elephanto pugno perfregisti bracchium,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 26:

jumenta ingredientia nivem... jactandis gravius in connitendo ungulis penitus perfringebant,

broke through, Liv. 21, 36, 8:

saxo perfracto capite,

his skull fractured by a stroke of a stone, id. 4, 28 fin.:

tempora fulvo protecta capillo,

Ov. M. 12, 274:

perfracto saxo sortes erupisse,

Cic. Div. 2, 41, 85:

Olympum fulmine,

Ov. M. 1, 154:

nucem,

Plin. 10, 12, 14, § 30:

aliquid,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12:

munitiones,

Caes. B. G. 7, 85:

tabulationem,

id. B. C. 2, 9:

naves perfregerant proras, litori illisas,

had been wrecked, Liv. 22, 20.—

In partic., to break or burst through, to force one's way through any obstacle:

hostium phalangem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

aciem,

Sil. 9, 362:

muros,

Tac. H. 3, 20:

domos,

to break into, id. ib. 4, 1.—

Trop.

To break through, violate, infringe:

decreta senatūs,

Cic. Mil. 32, 87:

leges,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

ac prosternere omnia cupiditate ac furore,

id. Clu. 6, 15.—

To break or burst through: omnia repagula juris, pudoris et officii perfringere. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:

perfringere et labefactare tantam conspirationem bonorum omnium,

id. Cat. 4, 10, 22:

animos suavitate,

to affect powerfully, id. Brut. 9, 38.— Absol.:

haec (eloquentia) modo perfringit, modo irrepit in sensus,

Cic. Or. 28, 97.

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ē-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a. and n.

Act., to cause to break or burst forth; to burst, sunder (rare; mostly ante-class.).

Lit.:

(brassica) tumida concoquit, eadem erumpit,

Cato, R. R. 157, 3:

ignes,

Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 6, 583; Cic. Arat. 111:

Achates et Aeneas erumpere nubem ardebant,

Verg. A. 1, 580:

cum sanguis eruptus est,

Scrib. Comp. 84: se erumpere, in the neuter signif., to break or burst forth, Lucr. 4, 1111; cf.:

portis se foras erumpunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

et caput, unde altus primum se erumpit Enipeus,

Verg. G. 4, 368.—

Trop.:

gaudium,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 2:

ne in me stomachum erumpant, cum sint tibi irati,

Cic. Att. 16, 3, 1; Caes. B. C. 3, 8, 3; cf.:

iram in hostes,

Liv. 36, 7, 13: sic illi invidiosa conjunctio ad bellum se erupit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2; Tib. 4, 1, 88.—Far more frequent and class.,

Neutr., to break out, to burst or sally forth.

Lit.

In gen.:

ex castris,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.; cf.:

ignes ex Aetnae vertice,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48; and:

ex stagno amnes,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 86:

tempestates,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 5, 2:

ne quo loco erumperent Pompeiani,

Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 4; cf.

portis,

Sall. J. 99, 1:

a porta,

Liv. 34, 26:

sive noctu, sive interdiu erumperent,

Caes. B. C. 1, 81, 2; so absol., Liv. 9, 37; 29, 33 al.; cf.:

abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

per hostes,

to break through, Liv. 22, 50, 8; cf.:

inter tela hostium,

Sall. J. 101, 9:

ad Catilinam,

id. Cat. 43, 2; Curt. 6, 3, 5 et saep.—

In partic., to burst forth in growing, to shoot up, sprout out:

folium e latere,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 52:

lentor cortice,

id. 13, 6, 12, § 54:

hordeum,

id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:

dentes,

id. 11, 37, 64, § 170.—

Trop., to break out, to burst forth:

cum illa conjuratio ex latebris atque ex tenebris erupisset,

Cic. Sest. 4, 9:

si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?

are disclosed, Cic. Cat. 1, 3:

qui ex media (oratione) erumpit,

breaks away, digresses, Quint. 4, 3, 17:

risus quo pacto ita repente erumpat,

id. de Or. 2, 58, 235; cf.:

aliquando vera vox,

id. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

affectus,

Quint. 9, 3, 54; cf.

lacrimae,

id. 11, 3, 75:

verba vi quadam veritatis,

id. 9, 2, 76 et saep.:

furor,

Cic. Sull. 24; cf.:

curae privatae in certaminibus publicis erumpebant,

Liv. 7, 21:

seditio,

id. 28, 24, 12; Tac. H. 1, 26:

lumen dicendi per obstantia,

Quint. 12, 9, 5:

ut odia occulta civium in fortunas optimi cujusque erumperent,

Cic. Mur. 23, 47; cf. id. ib. 38, 81; id. Cat. 1, 13, 31; so, vitia in amicos, id. Lael [p. 659] 21:

iracundia in naves,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8, 3:

conspirationes in rempublicam,

Quint. 12, 7, 2 et saep.:

vereor ne istaec fortitudo in nervum erumpat,

i. e. may end in bringing you to the stocks, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 11 Ruhnk.; cf.:

aliquid in omnium perniciem,

Liv. 34, 61:

omnia, quae per hoc triennium agitata sunt, in hos dies, in hos menses, in hoc tempus erumpunt,

Cic. Mur. 38:

elisa (vox) in illum sonum erumpit,

Quint. 11, 3, 51:

in aliquem voluptatis affectum,

id. 8, 3, 4; 11, 3, 51; Tac. A. 11, 35; cf.:

in omne genus crudelitatis,

Suet. Tib. 61; id. Cal. 6:

rem ad ultimum seditionis erupturam,

Liv. 2, 45; cf.:

ad majora vitia,

Suet. Ner. 27:

quorsus (dominatio) eruptura sit horremus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21; cf.:

huc ejus affectus, ut, etc.,

Quint. 9, 2, 64.

per-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. n. and a., to break through.

Neutr., to break or rush through, to force one's way through:

per medios hostes perrumpunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 39:

in vestibulum templi,

Liv. 3, 18:

in urbem,

id. 10, 41:

in triclinium usque,

Suet. Oth. 8.— Impers. pass.:

nec per castra eorum perrumpi ad Capuam posse,

Liv. 26, 7. —

In gen., to break through any thing:

ut rates perrumperet,

Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

perrumpitur concretus aër,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 42:

bipenni Limina,

Verg. A. 2, 479:

laterum cratem,

Ov. M. 12, 370:

costam,

Cels. 8, 9.—

In partic., to force one's way through any thing:

paludem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

acie perruptā,

Vell. 2, 112, 6; Tac. H. 2, 44:

perruptus hostis,

id. A. 1, 51:

Acheronta,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 36.—

Trop., to break through, break down, overcome:

leges,

Cic. Off. 3, 8, 36:

periculum,

id. Part. 32, 112:

quaestiones,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 5, § 13:

perrumpi affectu aliquo,

Tac. A. 3, 15:

magistratus, qui te invito perrumpunt,

overcome your modesty, id. ib. 4, 40:

fastidia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 25.

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