philosophorum+c

gĕnus, ĕris, n. [= genos, root GEN, gigno, gens], birth, descent, origin; and concr., a race, stock, etc. (cf.: familia, gens, stirps).

Lit.

In gen.: bono genere gnati, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17; cf.:

ii, qui nobili genere nati sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 70, § 180:

amplissimo genere natus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 4:

genere regio natus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33:

C. Laelius, cum ei quidam malo genere natus diceret, indignum esse suis majoribus, at hercule, inquit, tu tuis dignus,

id. de Or. 2, 71, 286:

genere et nobilitate et pecunia sui municipii facile primus,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

esse genere divino,

id. Rep. 2, 2:

contempsisti L. Murenae genus, extulisti tuum,

id. Mur. 7, 15:

hic sacra, hic genus, hic majorum multa vestigia,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 3; cf. id. Brut. 58, 212; id. Rep. 1, 18:

adulescens, cujus spei nihil praeter genus patricium deesset,

Liv. 6, 34, 11:

in famam generis ac familiae,

Quint. 3, 11, 12; 5, 10, 24:

genus Lentulorum,

id. 6, 3, 67:

Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini,

Verg. A. 5, 568:

fortuna non mutat genus,

Hor. Epod. 4, 6:

virginem plebei generis petiere juvenes, alter virgini genere par, alter, etc.,

Liv. 4, 9, 4:

qui sibi falsum nomen imposuerit, genus parentesve finxerit, etc.,

Plaut. Sent. 5, 25, 11.— Plur.:

summis gnati generibus,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 20.—

In partic., birth, for high or noble birth (mostly poet.):

cum certi propter divitias aut genus aut aliquas opes rem publicam tenent, est factio,

Cic. Rep. 3, 14: pol mihi fortuna magis nunc defit quam genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 394 Vahl.):

et genus et virtus, nisi cum re vilior alga est,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 8; cf.:

et genus et formam regina pecunia donat,

id. Ep. 1, 6, 37:

non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te Restituet pietas,

id. C. 4, 7, 23:

jactes et genus et nomen inutile,

id. ib. 1, 14, 13; cf.:

cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent,

Verg. A. 5, 621:

nunc jam nobis patribus vobisque plebei promiscuus consulatus patet, nec generis, ut ante, sed virtutis est praemium,

Liv. 7, 32, 14; cf. id. 4, 4, 7.

Transf.

Like gens and stirps, a descendant, offspring, child; and collect., descendants, posterity, race ( poet.): neve tu umquam in gremium extollas liberorum ex te genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.):

credo equidem, genus esse deorum,

Verg. A. 4, 12:

Uraniae genus, Hymen,

i. e. her son, Cat. 61, 2:

audax Iapeti,

i. e. his son Prometheus, Hor. C. 1, 3, 27:

Jovis,

i. e. Perseus, Ov. M. 4, 609; cf. also Prop. 2, 2, 9; Hor. C. 2, 14, 18:

genus Adrasti,

i. e. Diomede, grandson of Adrastus, Ov. F. 6, 433;

so of a grandson,

id. M. 2, 743; cf.

nepotum,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 4:

Tantali genus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 37:

Danai,

id. ib. 2, 14, 18:

Messi clarum genus Osci,

id. S. 1, 5, 54:

ab alto Demissum genus Aenea,

i. e. Octavianus, as the adopted son of Julius Cœsar, id. ib. 2, 5, 63:

sive neglectum genus et nepotes Respicis auctor,

i. e. the Romans, id. C. 1, 2, 35; cf. ib. 3, 6, 18:

regium genus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15. —

Of an assemblage of objects (persons, animals, plants, inanimate or abstract things) which are related or belong together in consequence of a resemblance in natural qualities; a race, stock, class, sort, species, kind (in this signif. most freq. in all periods and kinds of writing).

In gen.

Of living things: ne genus humanum temporis longinquitate occideret, propter hoc marem cum femina esse coniunctum, Cic. ap. Col. 12, 1 (Fragm. Cic. 1, 5 Baiter):

quod ex infinita societate generis humani ita contracta res est, etc.,

of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf. id. Rep. 1, 2 fin.:

o deorum quicquid in caelo regit Terras et humanum genus,

Hor. Epod. 5, 2;

for which: consulere generi hominum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12; cf.:

cum omni hominum genere,

id. ib. 2, 26; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 7:

solivagum genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 25: potens vir cum inter sui corporis homines tum etiam ad plebem, quod haudquaquam inter id genus contemptor ejus habebatur, i. e. among the Plebeians, Liv. 6, 34, 5: Graium genus, the Grecian race, Enn. ap. Prob. ad Verg. E. 6, 31 (Ann. v. 149 Vahl.):

virtus est propria Romani generis atque seminis,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 13; cf. id. Ac. 2, 27, 86:

Ubii, paulo quam sunt ejusdem generis et ceteris humaniores,

Caes. B. G. 4, 3, 3; cf.

also: impellit alios (Aeduos) iracundia et temeritas, quae maxime illi hominum generi est innata,

race of men, id. ib. 7, 42, 2; so, like gens, of nations, peoples, tribes: ferox, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arus. Mess. s. v. insolens, p. 241 Lind. (Hist. 1, 14 Gerl.); Liv. 34, 7, 6:

implacidum (Genauni),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 10:

durum ac velox (Ligures),

Flor. 2, 3, 4:

omne in paludes diffugerat,

id. 3, 10, 14:

Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 4, 9:

Numidarum,

Liv. 30, 12, 18:

genus omne nomenque Macedonum,

id. 13, 44, 6; Nep. Reg. 2:

Italici generis multi mortales,

Sall. J. 47, 1:

Illyriorum,

Liv. 27, 32, 4; 27, 48, 10; 42, 47 fin.:

Scytharum,

Just. 2, 3, 16; Tac. H. 2, 4; Suet. Ner. 37; Vell. 2, 118, 1.—In plur.:

conventus is, qui ex variis generibus constaret,

Caes. B. C. 2, 36, 1:

olim isti fuit generi quondam quaestus apud saeclum prius... est genus hominum, qui se primos esse omnium rerum volunt,

class of men, profession, Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 15 and 17:

firmi et stabiles et constantes (amici), cujus generis est magna penuria,

Cic. Lael. 17, 62:

saepius genus ejus hominis (sc. procuratoris rei publicae) erit in reliqua nobis oratione tractandum,

id. Rep. 2, 29 fin.; cf.:

genus aliud tyrannorum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

judicum genus et forma,

id. Phil. 5, 5, 13:

istius generis asoti,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 23; cf.:

omnium ejus generis poëtarum haud dubie proximus,

Quint. 10, 1, 85:

liberrimum hominum,

id. 10, 12, 2, § 22:

irritabile vatum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 102:

hoc omne (ambubajarum, etc.),

id. S. 1, 2, 2:

hominum virile, muliebre,

Cic. Inv. 1, 24, 35:

equidem fabulam et fictam rem ducebam esse, virorum omne genus in aliqua insula conjuratione muliebri ab stirpe sublatum esse,

Liv. 34, 2, 3:

cedat consulari generi praetorium,

Cic. Planc. 6, 15:

ad militare genus = ad milites,

Liv. 24, 32, 2:

alia militaris generis turba,

id. 44, 45, 13:

castellani, agreste genus,

id. 34, 27, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.— Sing. with plur. predicate:

Ministrantibus sibi omni genere turpium personarum,

Capitol. Ver. 4.—In plur.:

eorum hominum... genera sunt duo,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 1:

tria auditorum,

Quint. 3, 4, 6.— Repeated in the relative-clause:

duo genera semper in hac civitate fuerunt... quibus ex generibus,

Cic. Sest. 45, 96.—In the acc., of description (v. Roby's Gram. 2, p. 42 sq.):

quot et quod genus pastores habendi,

of what kind, Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 1:

quod genus ii sunt, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 30, 48; cf. in the foll.—

Of animals, plants, etc.: genus altivolantum, the race of birds, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 84 Vahl.); cf.: genu' pennis condecoratum, id. Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 59:

lanigerum, id. Fragm. ap. Paul. ex Fest. s. v. Cyprio, p. 59 Müll.: squamigerum,

Lucr. 1, 162; cf.

piscium,

Hor. C. 1, 2, 9:

silvestre,

Lucr. 5, 1411:

omne ferarum,

id. 5, 1338:

acre leonum,

id. 5, 862:

malefici generis plurima animalia,

Sall. J. 17, 6:

diversum confusa genus panthera camelo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 195:

animantūm propagare genus,

to propagate the race, Lucr. 1, 195:

ad genus faciendum,

Just. 2, 9 fin.:

juxta genus suum,

Vulg. Gen. 1, 11 saep.— Plur.:

quae vero et quam varia genera bestiarum vel cicurum vel ferarum!

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 99:

piscium genera,

Quint. 5, 10, 21.—In the acc., of description:

porticus avibus omne genus oppletae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 11:

pascuntur omne genus objecto frumento,

id. ib. 3, 6:

boves et id genus pecua,

App. M. 2, p. 115, 4; id. Flor. p. 37. —

Of inanim. and abstr. things, kind, sort, description, class, order, character:

genus ullum materiaï,

Lucr. 2, 304:

cum is (sol) quoque efficiat, ut omnia floreant et in suo quaeque genere pubescant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 41:

naves omni genere armorum ornatissimae,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 2:

cibi genus,

id. ib. 4, 1, 9:

cum omni genere commeatus,

Liv. 30, 36, 2:

frugum,

id. 38, 15, 9:

hoc sphaerae genus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

hoc triplex rerum publicarum genus,

id. ib. 2, 23:

regale civitatis,

id. ib.; cf.:

totum regiae civitatis,

id. ib. 2, 29:

novum imperii,

id. ib. 2, 32:

ipsum istud genus orationis exspecto,

id. ib. 1, 24 fin.; cf.: dulce orationis, id. Or. 13, 42:

qua re esset hoc bellum genere ipso necessarium,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; cf.:

genus hoc erat pugnae, quo, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 4:

potestas annua (consulum) genere ipso ac jure regia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32:

genus vitae... genus aetatis,

id. Off. 1, 32, 117:

optimum emendandi,

Quint. 10, 4, 2:

dicendi,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3; Quint. 8, 3, 56; 12, 10, 69:

simplex rectumque loquendi,

id. 9, 3, 3:

omnis generis tormenta,

Liv. 32, 16, 10:

praeda ingens omnis generis,

id. 27, 5, 9; so,

omnis generis, with tela,

id. 38, 26, 4;

with naves,

id. 34, 8, 5;

with eloquentia,

id. 39, 40, 7, etc.—Repeated in the relative-clause:

erat haec (ratio) ex eodem genere, quod ego maxime genus ex sociorum litteris reperire cupiebam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183.—In plur.:

Caesar haec genera munitionis instituit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 72, 1:

disserere de generibus et de rationibus civitatum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 11; cf. id. ib. 1, 26;

28: genera juris institutorum, morum consuetudinumque describere,

id. ib. 3, 10:

genera furandi,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 18.—In the acc., of description: omne, hoc, id, quod genus, for omnis, ejus, hujus, cujus generis, of every, of this, of which kind:

sub urbe hortum omne genus, coronamenta omne genus,

Cato, R. R. 8, 2; Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 1:

omne genus simulacra feruntur,

Lucr. 4, 735:

si hoc genus rebus non proficitur,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 23; id. L. L. 9, § 110 Müll.; Lucr. 6, 917 and Hor. S. 2, 6, 44:

in id genus verbis,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 79; 8, 7, 108, § 17:

in id genus libris,

Gell. 3, 8, 1:

scis me ante orationes aut aliquid id genus solitum scribere,

Cic. Att. 13, 12, 3:

vitanda sunt illa, quae propinqua videntur: quod genus, fidentiae contrarium est diffidentia, etc.,

for example, id. Inv. 2, 54, 165; so ib. 2, 52, 157; 2, 54, 162; 2, 57, 172; Lucr. 4, 271; 6, 1058:

lege jus est id quod populi jussu sanctum est, quod genus: ut in jus eas cum voceris,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19; cf.

ib. sqq.— In gen.: i. q. res or aliquid: ut in omni genere hujus populi (Graeci) consuetudinem videretur imitatus,

in all respects, in everything, Cic. Rep. 2, 20; cf.:

innumerabiles res sunt, in quibus te quotidie in omni genere desiderem,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 2 fin.:

incredibile est, quam me in omni genere delectarit,

id. Att. 16, 5, 2:

medici assiduitas et tota domus in omni genere diligens,

id. ib. 12, 33, 2;

7, 1, 2: qui in aliquo genere aut inconcinnus aut multus est, is ineptus dicitur,

in any respect whatever, id. de Or. 2, 4, 17:

qua de re et de hoc genere toto pauca cognosce,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 4.—Adverb.: in genus, in general, generally:

sermones in genus communes,

Gell. 4, 1 fin. —

In partic.

In philos. lang., opp. partes, and comprising them within itself, a general term, logical genus:

genus est id, quod sui similes communione quadam, specie autem differentes, duas aut plures complectitur partes,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 189; cf.: genus est, quod plures partes amplectitur, ut animal;

pars est, quae subest generi, ut equus. Sed saepe eadem res alii genus, alii pars est: nam homo animalis pars est, Thebani aut Trojani genus,

id. de Inv. 1, 22, 32: genus est, quod partes aliquas amplectitur, ut cupiditas;

pars est, quae subest generi, ut cupiditati amor, avaritia,

id. ib. 1, 28, 42; cf.

also: genus est notio ad plures differentias pertinens,

id. Top. 7, 31:

nec vero sine philosophorum disciplina genus et speciem cujusque rei cernere neque eam definiendo explicare nec tribuere in partes possumus, etc.,

id. Or. 4, 16; cf. ib. 33, 117:

formae dicendi specie dispares, genere laudabiles,

id. de Or. 3, 9, 34:

perturbationes sunt genere quatuor, partibus plures,

id. Tusc. 3, 11, 24; cf. ib. 5, 25, 71:

et conjuncta quaeremus, et genera et partes generibus subjectas, et similitudines, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 166;

opp. species and pars,

Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 3.—

In gram., gender: transversi sunt (ordines) qui ab recto casu obliqui declinantur, ut albus, albi, albo;

directi sunt, qui ab recto casu in rectos declinantur, ut albus, alba, album. Transversorum ordinum partes appellantur casus, directorum genera: utrisque inter se implicatis forma,

Varr. L. L. 10, § 22 Müll.:

quod ad verborum temporalium rationem attinet, cum partes sint quatuor: temporum, personarum, generum, divisionum, etc.,

ib. 9, § 95:

in nominibus tria genera,

Quint. 1, 4, 23:

barbarismum fieri per numeros aut genera,

id. 1, 5, [p. 811] 16;

9, 3, 6: in verbis quoque quis est adeo imperitus, ut ignoret genera et qualitates, etc.,

id. 1, 4, 27.

gĕnus, ūs, v. genu.

grex, grĕgis, m. ( fem., Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 72 P.; Lucr. 2, 662; Inscr. ap. Maff. Mus. Veron. 127, 4) [Sanscr. root jar-, come together; Gr. ageirô, agora], a flock, herd, drove, swarm (cf.: armentum, jumentum, pecus).

Lit., of animals:

pecudes dispulsae sui generis sequuntur greges,

Cic. Att. 7, 7, 7; cf.:

greges armentorum reliquique pecoris,

id. Phil. 3, 12, 31:

nobilissimarum equarum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20:

asinorum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 2:

lanigeri,

Verg. G. 3, 287:

vir gregis ipse caper,

id. E. 7, 7; cf.:

dux gregis,

i. e. a bull, Ov. A. A. 1, 326:

elephantorum,

Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 5:

porcorum,

Juv. 2, 80:

pavonum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 2:

anserum,

id. ib. 3, 10, 1:

anatum,

id. ib. 3, 11, 1:

avium,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 19.—Opp. to armenta, of small cattle:

non ego sum pastor, non hic armenta gregesve,

Ov. M. 1, 513; 4, 635; Tib. 1, 5, 28.—Prov.:

grex totus in agris Unius scabie cadit,

Juv. 2, 79. —

Transf.

Of a number of persons, in a good or bad sense, a company, society, troop, band, crowd.

In gen.:

in hunc igitur gregem P. Sullam ex his honestissimorum hominum gregibus reicietis?

Cic. Sull. 28, 77:

amicorum,

id. Att. 1, 18, 1; cf.:

scribe tui gregis hunc,

i. e. receive him into the number of your friends, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 13:

philosophorum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

ille virorum (of the Fabians),

Sil. 7, 58:

Cethegus libertos suos orabat, uti grege facto cum telis ad se irrumperent,

i. e. in a body, Sall. C. 50, 2; id. J. 58, 3:

quos respexit rex grege facto venientes,

Liv. 8, 24, 13:

ne servi quidem uno grege profugiunt dominos,

i. e. all together, Curt. 10, 2, 12:

ego forsitan propter multitudinem patronorum in grege annumerer,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 32, 89:

Epicuri de grege porcus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 16:

grex contaminatus turpium virorum,

id. C. 1, 37, 9:

venalium,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 67:

indocilis,

Hor. Epod. 16, 37:

cum populum gregibus comitum premit spoliator,

Juv. 1, 46.—

In partic., of players or charioteers, a company, troop, band: si voltis adplaudere hunc gregem et fabulam, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 33; id. Cas. prol. 22; Ter. Heaut. prol. 45; id. Phorm. prol. 32; Petr. 80; Inscr. Grut. 1024, 5; Inscr. ap. Marin. Frat. Arv. p. 257.—

Of things (very rare):

virgarum,

a bundle of rods, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 99.

gymnăsĭum, ii, n., =gumnasion, a public school among the Greeks for gymnastic exercises, a gymnasium.

Lit., Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 13; Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 151; id. Rep. 3, 32; 4, 4:

virgineum (in Sparta),

Prop. 3, 14, 2; Ov. H. 16, 151; Cels. 5, 11; 15; Plin. Ep. 10, 40, 2; Quint. 2, 8, 3 al.—Comically: gymnasium flagri, qs. school for the scourge, whipping-post, a term of reproach applied to one who is often flogged, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

totus doleo, ita me iste habuit senex gymnasium,

i. e. he has belabored me so, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5.—

Transf., a public school among the Greeks, a highschool, college:

omnia gymnasia atque omnes philosophorum scholae,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 56; Liv. 29, 19, 12; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; Juv. 3, 115: quae vix in gymnasiis et in otio Stoici probant, Cic. Par. prooem. 1.— Transf., of a college-building on Cicero's Tusculan estate:

cum ambulandi causa in Lyceum venissemus (id enim superiori gymnasio nomen est), etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 5, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9.

Gymnăsium, ii, f. (Gumnasion, dim. of Gumnas), name of a Greek maiden:

Gymnasium mea,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109.

gymnăsĭum, ii, n., =gumnasion, a public school among the Greeks for gymnastic exercises, a gymnasium.

Lit., Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 13; Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 151; id. Rep. 3, 32; 4, 4:

virgineum (in Sparta),

Prop. 3, 14, 2; Ov. H. 16, 151; Cels. 5, 11; 15; Plin. Ep. 10, 40, 2; Quint. 2, 8, 3 al.—Comically: gymnasium flagri, qs. school for the scourge, whipping-post, a term of reproach applied to one who is often flogged, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

totus doleo, ita me iste habuit senex gymnasium,

i. e. he has belabored me so, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5.—

Transf., a public school among the Greeks, a highschool, college:

omnia gymnasia atque omnes philosophorum scholae,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 56; Liv. 29, 19, 12; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; Juv. 3, 115: quae vix in gymnasiis et in otio Stoici probant, Cic. Par. prooem. 1.— Transf., of a college-building on Cicero's Tusculan estate:

cum ambulandi causa in Lyceum venissemus (id enim superiori gymnasio nomen est), etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 5, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9.

Gymnăsium, ii, f. (Gumnasion, dim. of Gumnas), name of a Greek maiden:

Gymnasium mea,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109.

hĕbes, ĕtis ( acc. sing. hebem, Enn. and Caecil. ap. Charis. p. 107 P.; abl. hebeti;

but hebete,

Cels. 7, 3), adj. [hebeo], blunt, dull, in opp. to pointed or sharp (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).

Lit.: cujus (lunae) et nascentis et insenescentis alias hebetiora alias acutiora videntur cornua, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 122, 1:

tela leviora atque hebetiora,

id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

quo latiora (ossa) quaque parte sunt, hoc hebetiora,

Cels. 8, 1, 66:

ponite jam gladios hebetes, pugnetur acutis,

Ov. A. A. 3, 589:

machaera,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 53; cf.:

hebeti mucrone,

Lucr. 5, 1274, and hebeti ictu, which does not penetrate, Ov. M. 12, 85:

oryx hebeti ferro caeditur,

Juv. 11, 140:

secures,

id. 8, 137:

angulus,

obtuse, Front. de Form. Agr. p. 32 Goes.—As subst.: hĕbĕtĭa, ium, n., blunt tools, Quint. 2, 12, 18.—

Transf., of sight, hearing, smell, taste, dull, dim, faint:

utroque oculo natura hebete,

Plin. 9, 15, 20:

color,

Ov. F. 5, 365; cf.:

(orbem solis) adhuc hebetem vicina nocte,

Stat. Ach. 2, 289:

carbunculi hebetiores,

Plin. 37, 7, 26, § 98:

postea quam sensi populi Romani aures hebetiores, oculos autem esse acres atque acutos,

Cic. Planc. 27, 66; cf. id. Rep. 6, 18:

uva gustu hebes,

tasteless, insipid, Col. 3, 2, 24: genus croci, without smell (opp. odoratum), Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 67:

os hebes est, positaeque movent fastidia mensae,

without appetite, Ov. P. 1, 10, 7:

caro,

without feeling, dead, Cels. 7, 6, 8; 7, 13, 1:

ossa gingivarum,

id. 6, 15, 17:

qui torpet hebes locus ille,

Ov. A. A. 3, 799. —

Trop., dull, obtuse, sluggish, heavy, doltish, stupid (syn.:

bardus, stupidus, ineptus, absurdus, stultus, fatuus, stolidus, brutus, etc.): sensus omnes hebetes et tardos esse arbitrabantur,

Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:

puer incessu tardus, sensu hebes,

Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76:

tanta solertia animalium hebetissimis quoque est,

id. 9, 30, 48:

Epicurus, quem hebetem et rudem dicere solent Stoici,

Cic. Div. 2, 50, 103; cf.:

omnium ceterarum rerum oratio ludus est homini non hebeti neque inexercitato neque communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis experti,

id. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

memoria,

id. ib. 2, 87, 357:

me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt,

id. Att. 9, 17, 2:

nisi qui sit plane hebes,

Quint. 7, 1, 48:

nisi forte tam hebes futurus est judex, ut, etc.,

id. 4, 2, 66: hebes ad aliquid, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; cf.:

quis adeo hebes inveniretur, ut crederet? etc.,

Tac. A. 14, 11: exercitus hebes infirmusque, raw, undisciplined,=rudis, Sall. J. 54, 3: hebes ad sustinendum laborem [p. 844] miles, sluggish, slow, tardy, Tac. H. 2, 99; Ov. M. 13, 135:

adulescentia bruta et hebes,

Sen. Ben. 3, 37, 3:

spondeus quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior,

Cic. Or. 64, 216: sed hac rhetorica philosophorum, non nostra illa forensi, quam necesse est, cum populariter loquatur, esse interdum paulo hebetiorem, i. e. more superficial, common (opp. to philosophical acuteness, nicety), id. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

dolor,

id. Att. 8, 3, 4:

hoc Pansa aut non videt (hebeti enim ingenio est) aut negligit,

id. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

hebetiora hominum ingenia,

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

ratio,

Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

quaedam hebes, sordida, jejuna oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 49:

quasdam (litteras) velut acriores parum efficimus et aliis non dissimilibus sed quasi hebetioribus permutamus,

id. 1, 11, 4.—Of a speaker: hebes lingua, magis malus quam callidus ingenio, Ps.-Sall. de Rep. 2, 9, 1.

hĕbes, ĕtis ( acc. sing. hebem, Enn. and Caecil. ap. Charis. p. 107 P.; abl. hebeti;

but hebete,

Cels. 7, 3), adj. [hebeo], blunt, dull, in opp. to pointed or sharp (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. sense).

Lit.: cujus (lunae) et nascentis et insenescentis alias hebetiora alias acutiora videntur cornua, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 122, 1:

tela leviora atque hebetiora,

id. Har. Resp. 1, 2:

quo latiora (ossa) quaque parte sunt, hoc hebetiora,

Cels. 8, 1, 66:

ponite jam gladios hebetes, pugnetur acutis,

Ov. A. A. 3, 589:

machaera,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 53; cf.:

hebeti mucrone,

Lucr. 5, 1274, and hebeti ictu, which does not penetrate, Ov. M. 12, 85:

oryx hebeti ferro caeditur,

Juv. 11, 140:

secures,

id. 8, 137:

angulus,

obtuse, Front. de Form. Agr. p. 32 Goes.—As subst.: hĕbĕtĭa, ium, n., blunt tools, Quint. 2, 12, 18.—

Transf., of sight, hearing, smell, taste, dull, dim, faint:

utroque oculo natura hebete,

Plin. 9, 15, 20:

color,

Ov. F. 5, 365; cf.:

(orbem solis) adhuc hebetem vicina nocte,

Stat. Ach. 2, 289:

carbunculi hebetiores,

Plin. 37, 7, 26, § 98:

postea quam sensi populi Romani aures hebetiores, oculos autem esse acres atque acutos,

Cic. Planc. 27, 66; cf. id. Rep. 6, 18:

uva gustu hebes,

tasteless, insipid, Col. 3, 2, 24: genus croci, without smell (opp. odoratum), Plin. 21, 11, 39, § 67:

os hebes est, positaeque movent fastidia mensae,

without appetite, Ov. P. 1, 10, 7:

caro,

without feeling, dead, Cels. 7, 6, 8; 7, 13, 1:

ossa gingivarum,

id. 6, 15, 17:

qui torpet hebes locus ille,

Ov. A. A. 3, 799. —

Trop., dull, obtuse, sluggish, heavy, doltish, stupid (syn.:

bardus, stupidus, ineptus, absurdus, stultus, fatuus, stolidus, brutus, etc.): sensus omnes hebetes et tardos esse arbitrabantur,

Cic. Ac. 1, 8, 31:

puer incessu tardus, sensu hebes,

Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76:

tanta solertia animalium hebetissimis quoque est,

id. 9, 30, 48:

Epicurus, quem hebetem et rudem dicere solent Stoici,

Cic. Div. 2, 50, 103; cf.:

omnium ceterarum rerum oratio ludus est homini non hebeti neque inexercitato neque communium litterarum et politioris humanitatis experti,

id. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

memoria,

id. ib. 2, 87, 357:

me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt,

id. Att. 9, 17, 2:

nisi qui sit plane hebes,

Quint. 7, 1, 48:

nisi forte tam hebes futurus est judex, ut, etc.,

id. 4, 2, 66: hebes ad aliquid, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 13, 1; cf.:

quis adeo hebes inveniretur, ut crederet? etc.,

Tac. A. 14, 11: exercitus hebes infirmusque, raw, undisciplined,=rudis, Sall. J. 54, 3: hebes ad sustinendum laborem [p. 844] miles, sluggish, slow, tardy, Tac. H. 2, 99; Ov. M. 13, 135:

adulescentia bruta et hebes,

Sen. Ben. 3, 37, 3:

spondeus quod est e longis duabus, hebetior videtur et tardior,

Cic. Or. 64, 216: sed hac rhetorica philosophorum, non nostra illa forensi, quam necesse est, cum populariter loquatur, esse interdum paulo hebetiorem, i. e. more superficial, common (opp. to philosophical acuteness, nicety), id. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

dolor,

id. Att. 8, 3, 4:

hoc Pansa aut non videt (hebeti enim ingenio est) aut negligit,

id. Phil. 10, 8, 17; cf.:

hebetiora hominum ingenia,

id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

ratio,

Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 119:

quaedam hebes, sordida, jejuna oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 49:

quasdam (litteras) velut acriores parum efficimus et aliis non dissimilibus sed quasi hebetioribus permutamus,

id. 1, 11, 4.—Of a speaker: hebes lingua, magis malus quam callidus ingenio, Ps.-Sall. de Rep. 2, 9, 1.

illustris ( inl-), e ( nom. sing. masc. illuster. Val. Max. 4, 1, 5; 4, 3, 11), adj. [inlustro], lighted up, clear, bright, light, lustrous (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.).

Lit.: ostendebat Carthaginem de excelso et pleno stellarum, illustri et claro quodam loco, Cic. Rep. 6, 11; cf.:

tum nec nimis illustres nec vehementer obscuros locos haberi oportet,

Auct. Her. 3, 19, 32:

locus,

Cels. 3, 6:

habitare bonis et illustribus domiciliis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

balnearia,

Col. 1, 6, 2:

illustris et pellucida stella,

Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

radii solis,

Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 344:

noctes,

id. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

caelum,

Val. Fl. 6, 528.— Comp.:

ostio et lumine illustriore,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; cf.:

solis candor illustrior est quam ullius ignis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 40:

(ventus) tegulas illustriores fecit,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 1, 6.—

Trop.

Clear, plain, distinct, evident, manifest (syn. clarus):

praeter haec, quae testata sunt et illustria, habeo multa occultiora,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 6:

his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3; cf.:

illustribus igitur rebus insistis... a certis et illustrioribus cohibes assensum,

id. Ac. 2, 29, 94:

nec vero ita disseram de re tam illustri tamque nota, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 24 Mos.:

factum illustre notumque omnibus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

visus insignis et illustris,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 15 fin.:

illustris oratio est, si, etc.... est enim haec pars orationis, quae rem constituat paene ante oculos... est plus aliquanto illustre quam illud dilucidum: altero fit, ut intelligamus, altero vero ut videre videamur,

id. Part. Or. 6, 20:

si desit illustris explanatio, propositio, etc.,

Quint. 9, 2, 2:

instruenda est vita exemplis illustribus,

Sen. Ep. 83.—

Distinguished, respectable, famous, honorable, illustrious (cf.:

clarus, insignis, spectabilis, nobilissimus, celeber, inclutus): homines illustres honore ac nomine,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 5, 18:

illustrium hominum aetates et tempora persequi (shortly after: de clarorum virorum laudibus),

Cic. Brut. 19, 74:

illustribus in personis temporibusque,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.:

orator,

id. Brut. 32, 122:

poëtae,

Quint. 5, 11, 36:

florens et illustris adulescens,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32, 4:

de antiquis illustrissimus quisque pastor erat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

philosophorum illustrissimi,

Gell. 18, 7, 3:

feminae,

noble, Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 36:

cum illustribus provinciarum,

id. Caes. 48:

quorundam illustrium exsequiae,

id. Tib. 32:

paterfamiliae illustriore loco natus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3:

Themistoclis nomen est quam Solonis illustrius,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75:

vitae ratio illustrior,

id. Rep. 3, 3; cf.:

sunt illustriora quae publice fiunt,

id. ib. 3, 12:

haec vides quanto expressiora quantoque illustriora futura sint,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 9:

major atque illustrior res,

more important, more remarkable, Caes. B. G. 7, 3, 2:

causarum illustrium quascumque defendi nunc conficio orationes,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 38.—Hence, adv. (acc. to II. A.), clearly, distinctly, perspicuously (very rare; only comp. and sup.):

illustrius,

Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 1; id. Dom. 11, 27; Arn. 2, 44:

illustrissime descripsit,

Gell. 9, 13, 4.

inclŭtus and inclĭtus (not inclytus; the first syll. accented acc. to Cic. Or. 48, 159), a, um, adj. [in-clueo; cf. the Gr. klutos, from kluô, much heard of, talked of, praised; hence], celebrated, renowned, famous, illustrious, glorious (syn.: nobilis, clarus; anteclass. and mostly poet.; not in Cæs. nor used by Cic.).

Of persons: hic occasus datu'st: at Horatius inclutu' saltu..., Enn. ap. Fest. p. 178 Müll. (Ann. v. 164 Vahl.):

Jovi opulento, incluto, supremo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 1:

inclute Memmi,

Lucr. 5, 8; cf.

3, 10: Ulixes,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 197:

vos quae in munditiis aetatulam agitis,... inclutae amicae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 41:

dux inclutissimus,

Col. 1, 4, 2:

vates,

Amm. 14, 1, 8:

Saguntini, fide atque aerumnis incluti,

Sall. H. 2, 21; Val. Max. 8, 2, 1; cf.:

familiae maxime inclitae,

Liv. 1, 7, 12.—

Of things: augusto augurio postquam inclita condita Roma'st, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 494 Vahl.): fanum Liberi, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 14 Müll. (Trag. v. 170 Vahl.):

moenia Dardanidum bello,

Verg. A. 2, 241:

disciplina Lycurgi,

Liv. 39, 36, 4: inclutissima claritudo, Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 19: judicium, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 50, 114 (Trag. v. 92 Vahl.):

justitia religioque Numae Pompilii,

Liv. 1, 18, 1:

maxime inclitum in terris oraculum,

id. 1, 56, 5:

inclitus magnitudine Atho mons,

id. 44, 11, 3:

gloria Palamedis famā,

Verg. A. 2, 82:

Sagaris fluvius ex inclutis,

Plin. 6, 1, 1, § 4:

Aristotele ductore incluto omnium philosophorum,

Just. 12, 16, 18. — Poet. with gen.:

incluta leti Lucretia,

Sil. 13, 821. — Comp. and adv. do not occur.

index, dĭcis, com. [1. indico], he who ( that which) points out, a pointer, indicator (class.).

Lit.

Of things.

Of the forefinger, index-finger.

With digitus:

indice monstraret digito,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 26; Isid. Orig. 11, 1, 70.—

Alone:

sed plane pollex, non index,

Cic. Att. 13, 46, 1. —

In gen., an index, sign, mark, indication, proof:

complexus, summae benevolentiae falsi indices in amore simulato,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

quia continetis vocem, indicem stultitiae vestrae,

id. Rab. Perd. 6, 18: auctoris anulus index, Ov. P. 2, 10, 3:

lacrimas paenitentiae indices profuderunt,

Curt. 5, 10, 13:

herbae horarum indices heliotropium ac lupinum,

Plin. 18, 27, 67, § 252:

imago animi vultus, indices oculi,

Cic. Or. 18, 60:

Janum indicem pacis bellique fecit,

Liv. 1, 19, 2.—

Of persons.

In gen., one who indicates or discloses, a discoverer, director, guide, informer, discloser, witness:

haec omnia indices detulerunt, rei confessi sunt,

Cic. Cat. 4, 3, 5:

Sestius ab indice Cn. Nerio de ambitu est postulatus,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5; id. Clu. 7, 21:

immittere ad rei probationem,

Just. 32, 2 fin.:

idem et testis,

Tac. A. 4, 28.—

Esp., in a bad sense, an informer, betrayer, spy:

Catilinam vallatum indicibus atque sicariis,

Cic. Mur. 24, 49:

saeptus armatis indicibus,

id. Sest. 44, 95; id. Vat. 10, 24.—

Transf.

Of books.

A title, superscription:

deceptus indicibus librorum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 61:

alteri (libello) Gladius, alteri Pugio index erat,

Suet. Cal. 49:

index orationis P. Scipionis nomen M. Naevii habet,

Liv. 38, 56. —

An index, catalogue, table, list, summary:

ut non indicem certe ex bibliotheca sumptum transferre in libros suos possit,

Quint. 10, 1, 57:

philosophorum,

Sen. Ep. 39, 2; cf. Gell. 3, 3, 1:

hactenus omnia jura quasi per indicem tetigisse satis est,

Gai. Inst. 3, 54:

quasi per indicem rem exponere,

id. ib. 4, 15:

fungar indicis partibus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 2.—

Of paintings or statues, an inscription:

nec quaeris, quid quaque index sub imagine dicat,

Tib. 4, 1, 30:

tabula in aedem Matris Matutae cum indice hoc posita est, etc.,

Liv. 41, 28, 8.—

Of a touchstone:

in durum silicem, qui nunc quoque dicitur Index,

Ov. M. 2, 706.

illustris ( inl-), e ( nom. sing. masc. illuster. Val. Max. 4, 1, 5; 4, 3, 11), adj. [inlustro], lighted up, clear, bright, light, lustrous (class.; esp. freq. in the trop. signif.).

Lit.: ostendebat Carthaginem de excelso et pleno stellarum, illustri et claro quodam loco, Cic. Rep. 6, 11; cf.:

tum nec nimis illustres nec vehementer obscuros locos haberi oportet,

Auct. Her. 3, 19, 32:

locus,

Cels. 3, 6:

habitare bonis et illustribus domiciliis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

balnearia,

Col. 1, 6, 2:

illustris et pellucida stella,

Cic. Div. 1, 57, 130:

radii solis,

Plin. 18, 35, 78, § 344:

noctes,

id. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

caelum,

Val. Fl. 6, 528.— Comp.:

ostio et lumine illustriore,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; cf.:

solis candor illustrior est quam ullius ignis,

Cic. N. D. 2, 15, 40:

(ventus) tegulas illustriores fecit,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 1, 6.—

Trop.

Clear, plain, distinct, evident, manifest (syn. clarus):

praeter haec, quae testata sunt et illustria, habeo multa occultiora,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 6:

his rationibus tam certis tamque illustribus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 3; cf.:

illustribus igitur rebus insistis... a certis et illustrioribus cohibes assensum,

id. Ac. 2, 29, 94:

nec vero ita disseram de re tam illustri tamque nota, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 24 Mos.:

factum illustre notumque omnibus,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

visus insignis et illustris,

id. N. D. 1, 2, 15 fin.:

illustris oratio est, si, etc.... est enim haec pars orationis, quae rem constituat paene ante oculos... est plus aliquanto illustre quam illud dilucidum: altero fit, ut intelligamus, altero vero ut videre videamur,

id. Part. Or. 6, 20:

si desit illustris explanatio, propositio, etc.,

Quint. 9, 2, 2:

instruenda est vita exemplis illustribus,

Sen. Ep. 83.—

Distinguished, respectable, famous, honorable, illustrious (cf.:

clarus, insignis, spectabilis, nobilissimus, celeber, inclutus): homines illustres honore ac nomine,

Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 5, 18:

illustrium hominum aetates et tempora persequi (shortly after: de clarorum virorum laudibus),

Cic. Brut. 19, 74:

illustribus in personis temporibusque,

id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.:

orator,

id. Brut. 32, 122:

poëtae,

Quint. 5, 11, 36:

florens et illustris adulescens,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32, 4:

de antiquis illustrissimus quisque pastor erat,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

philosophorum illustrissimi,

Gell. 18, 7, 3:

feminae,

noble, Suet. Tib. 45; id. Calig. 36:

cum illustribus provinciarum,

id. Caes. 48:

quorundam illustrium exsequiae,

id. Tib. 32:

paterfamiliae illustriore loco natus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3:

Themistoclis nomen est quam Solonis illustrius,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 75:

vitae ratio illustrior,

id. Rep. 3, 3; cf.:

sunt illustriora quae publice fiunt,

id. ib. 3, 12:

haec vides quanto expressiora quantoque illustriora futura sint,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 9:

major atque illustrior res,

more important, more remarkable, Caes. B. G. 7, 3, 2:

causarum illustrium quascumque defendi nunc conficio orationes,

Cic. de Sen. 11, 38.—Hence, adv. (acc. to II. A.), clearly, distinctly, perspicuously (very rare; only comp. and sup.):

illustrius,

Cic. Fam. 10, 19, 1; id. Dom. 11, 27; Arn. 2, 44:

illustrissime descripsit,

Gell. 9, 13, 4.

inquĭlīnus, a, m. and f. [incolinus, colo], an inhabitant of a place which is not his own, a sojourner, tenant, lodger (cf. incola).

Lit.

Padi, Plin. 21, 12, 43, § 73:

Massilienses, qui nunc inquilini videantur, quandoque dominos regionum futuros,

Just. 43, 4:

fabrum inquilinum et ferrarium vicinum,

Sen. Ep. 56, 4:

te inquilino (non enim domino) personabat omnia,

Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 105:

inquilini privatarum aedium atque insularum,

Suet. Ner. 44.—

An inmate or lodger: inquilinus, qui eundem colit focum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 107 Müll.:

vicinus alicui vel inquilinus,

Mart. 1, 86, 12:

quidam erant perpetui carcerum inquilini,

Amm. 30, 5, 6.—

Trop.: in quarum locum subierunt inquilinae, impietas, perfidia, impudicitia, Varr. ap. Non. 403, 28:

quos ego non discipulos philosophorum, sed inquilinos voco,

Sen. Ep. 108:

anima inquilina carnis,

Tert. Res. Carn. 46 fin.

inquĭlīnus, a, um, adj., of foreign birth:

civis urbis Romae,

Sall. C. 31, 7.

jam, adv. [for diam, collat. form of diem, cf. pri-dem, du-dum, Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 213; II. p. 850; but acc. to Curt. Gr. Etym. 398, 620; locat. form from pronom. stem ja].

Of time, denoting a point or moment of time as coinciding with that of the action, etc., described.

Of present time.

As opp. to past or future, at this time, now, just now, at present, i. e. while I speak or write this.

Jam alone:

jamne autem, ut soles, deludis?

Plaut. Aul. 5, 11:

jam satis credis sobrium esse me,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 36:

saltus reficit jam roscida luna,

Verg. G. 3, 337:

jam tenebris et sole cadente,

id. ib. 3, 401:

jamque dies, ni fallor, adest,

id. A. 5, 49:

jam advesperascit,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 2:

reddere qui voces jam scit puer,

Hor. A. P. 158: stabat modo consularis, modo septemvir epulonum;

jam neutrum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 12:

jam melior, jam, diva, precor,

Verg. A. 12, 179:

Hem, scio jam quod vis dicere,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 36:

in ea (consuetudine) quaedam sunt jura ipsa jam certa propter vetustatem,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 67:

jam tempus agi,

Verg. A. 5, 638:

surgere jam tempus,

Cat. 62, 3.—

Strengthened.

By repetition: jam jam, jam jamque (nearly = nunc), at this very time, precisely now:

jam jam intellego, Crasse, quod dicas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 90:

jam jam minime miror te otium perturbare,

id. Phil. 2, 34, 87:

jam jam dolet quod egi, jam jamque paenitet,

Cat. 63, 73:

jam jam linquo acies,

Verg. A. 12, 875:

jam jamque video bellum,

Cic. Att. 16, 9 fin.:

at illum ruere nuntiant et jam jamque adesse,

id. ib. 7, 20, 1; cf.:

jam mihi, jam possim contentus vivere parvo,

Tib. 1, 1, 25 (7).—

By nunc: jam nunc, just now, at this very time, as things now are:

jam nunc irata non es,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 65:

dux, jam nunc locatus in urbe,

Liv. 22, 38, 9; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 127:

quae cum cogito, jam nunc timeo quidnam, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:

deliberationis ejus tempus ita jam nunc statui posse, etc.,

Liv. 31, 32, 3:

ipsa Venus laetos jam nunc migravit in agros,

Tib. 2, 3, 3:

nec jam nunc regina loquor,

Val. Fl. 8, 47; so,

nunc jam (nunciam): secede huc nunciam,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 23:

audi nunciam,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 29:

i nunciam,

id. Ad. 2, 1, 21: nunc jam sum expeditus, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 12, 5:

nunc jam nobis vobisque consulatus patet,

Liv. 7, 32, 14.—

By tum:

jam tum opifices funguntur munere,

Plin. 11, 21, 24, § 74; Verg. G. 2, 405; id. A. 1, 18.—

By pridem, v. jampridem.—

In contrast with the time at which something was expected.

Of that which occurs sooner, already, so soon:

quies (animos) aut jam exhaustos aut mox exhauriendos, renovavit,

Liv. 21, 21, 7:

gravitate valetudinis, qua tamen jam paululum videor levari,

Cic. Fam. 6, 2, 1; 3, 8, 16:

jamne ibis,

are you going so soon, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 86; id. Rud. 2, 7, 26.—

Of that which occurs later, at last, now, only now:

ohe jam desine deos uxor gratulando obtundere,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 8:

postulo, Dave, ut redeat jam in viam,

id. And. 1, 2, 19:

jamque sero diei subducit ex acie legionem faciendis castris,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

jam sanguinis alti vis sibi fecit iter,

Luc. 2, 214.—Tandem or aliquando is often added:

jam tandem ades ilico,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 39:

putamus enim utile esse te aliquando jam rem transigere,

Cic. Att. 1, 4, 1:

jam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras,

Verg. A. 6, 61; Liv. 22, 12, 10.—

As continued from the past, already, by this time, ere now, till now, hitherto:

et apud Graecos quidem jam anni prope quadrigenti sunt, etc.,

Cic. Or. 51, 171:

obsolevit jam ista oratio,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52:

nondum feminam aequavimus gloriā, et jam nos laudis satietas cepit?

Curt. 9, 6, 23.—With numerals and words specifying time:

jam biennium est, cum mecum coepit rem gerere,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 35; so,

plus jam anno,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 14:

sunt duo menses jam,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 3, 8:

qui septingentos jam annos vivunt, etc.,

id. Fl. 26, 63:

annum jam tertium et vicesimum regnat,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; id. Fin. 2, 29, 94.—

With imperatives, to express haste or impatience, like Engl. now, now, straightway, at once:

quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? Jam parce sepulto,

Verg. A. 3, 41:

sed jam age, carpe viam,

id. ib. 6, 629:

et jam tu... illum adspice contra,

id. ib. 11, 373.—So in impetuous or passionate questions (freq. in Plaut.):

Jam tu autem nobis praeturam geris?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 23; cf. id. Aul. 5, 11; id. Bacch. 2, 2, 25.—

Jam... jam, at one time... at another, now... now, at this time... at that:

jamque eadem digitis jam pectine pulsat eburno,

Verg. A. 647:

jamque hos cursu, jam praeterit illos,

id. ib. 4, 157:

qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 20:

jam vino quaerens, jam somno fallere curas,

id. ib. 2, 7, 114:

jam secundae, jam adversae res, ita erudierant, etc.,

Liv. 30, 30; Tib. 1, 2, 49; Ov. M. 1, 111.—

Of past time.

In the time just past, but now, a moment ago, a little while ago, just:

videamus nunc quam sint praeclare illa his, quae jam posui, consequentia,

Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26:

Arsinoë et jam dicta Memphis,

Plin. 5, 9, 11, § 61:

insulae praeter jam dictas,

id. 3, 26, 30, § 151:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

domum quam tu jam exaedificatam habebas,

Cic. Att. 1, 6, 1.—

Like English now, by this time, already.

Alone:

jam advesperascebat,

Liv. 39, 50:

Hannibalem movisse ex hibernis, et jam Alpes transire,

id. 27, 39:

et jam fama volans... domos et moenia complet,

Verg. A. 11, 139; 12, 582; Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 6, 6:

jamque rubescebat Aurora,

Verg. A. 3, 521; 10, 260:

ut semel inclinavit pugna, jam intolerabilis Romana vis erat,

Liv. 6, 32:

cum decimum jam diem graviter ex intestinis laborarem,

Cic. Fam. 7, 26, 1.—

Strengthened.

Jam jamque, Verg. A. 8, 708.—

By tum, as early as that:

se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

Cic. Arch. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 1; Verg. 7, 738; Tac. Agr. 45.—

By tunc (post-Aug.;

once in Cic.),

Suet. Aug. 89; id. Ner. 7; Tac. H. 4, 50; Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 3 dub.—

Of a time succeeding another time referred to, from that time, thenceforth, thereafter (esp. with a or ab, when it is often = Eng. even, very):

qui aequom esse censent nos jam a pueris nasci senes,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2:

quae me maxime sicuti jam a prima adolescentia delectarunt,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 67:

benevolentia quae mihi jam a pueritia tua cognita est,

id. ib. 4, 7, 1:

dederas enim jam ab adolescentia documenta,

id. Mil. 8, 22: jam ab illo tempore, cum, etc., from the very time when, etc., id. Fam. 2, 16, 9; cf.:

urgerent philosophorum greges jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 42. —So with ex:

jam ex quo ipse accepisset regnum,

ever since, Liv. 42, 11, 8.—

Of future time.

In the time immediately approaching, forthwith, straightway, directly, presently:

occlude sis fores ambobus pessulis: jam ego hic ero,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 25:

ille jam hic aderit,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 72: omitte;

jam adero,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 26; cf. id. ib. 4, 6, 1; id. And. 1, 2, 9; 4, 4, 38: bono animo es;

jam argentum ad eam deferes, quod ei es pollicitus,

id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18:

facere id ut paratum jam sit,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 76:

jam fuerit, neque post unquam revocare licebit,

Lucr. 3, 927:

jam faciam quod voltis,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 16:

jam enim aderunt consules ad suas Nonas,

Cic. Att. 7, 20, 2.—

In the time immediately succeeding another time referred to, forthwith, at once, straightway, then:

nunc ubi me illic non videbit, jam huc recurret,

Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 10:

accede ad ignem... jam calesces,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 5:

nisi puerum tollis, jam ego hunc in mediam viam provolvam,

id. And. 4, 4, 38:

de quibus jam dicendi locus erit, cum de senioribus pauca dixero,

Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

agedum, dictatorem creemus. Jam hic centicescet furor,

Liv. 2, 29, 11:

aperi, inquit, jam scies,

Petr. 16, 2; cf. Verg. A. 1, 272.—

Representing as present an impending event, now, already, presently (mostly poet.):

jam te premet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 16:

jam veniet mors, jam subrepet iners aetas,

Tib. 1, 1, 70:

jam mare turbari trabibus videbis, jam fervere litora flammis,

Verg. A. 4, 566; 6, 676:

alius Latio jam partus Achilles,

id. ib. 6, 89:

hic magnae jam locus urbis erit,

Tib. 2, 5, 55.—

With negatives, denoting cessation of previous condition: jam non, no more, no longer:

quem odisse jam non potestis,

Cic. Clu. 10, 29; Ov. M. 4, 382:

non jam,

not any more, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:

nihil jam,

Caes. B. G. 2, 21.—

With comparatives:

ad mitiora jam ingenia,

which had become milder, Liv. 27. 39:

ad ferociores jam gentes,

which then were less civilized, id. 21, 60:

una jam potior sententia,

Stat. Th. 2, 368.

In other relations.

To denote that something will certainly, properly, or easily occur, under certain circumstances.

In a conclusion, to emphasize its relation to the condition, then surely, then:

si cogites, remittas jam me onerare injuriis,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 6: si quis voluerit animi sui [p. 1012] notionem evolvere, jam se ipse doceat, eum virum bonum esse, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 76:

si hoc dixissem, jam mihi consuli jure optimo senatus vim intulisset,

id. Cat. 1, 8, 21; id. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Brut. 17, 68:

si jubeat eo dirigi, jam in portu fore omnem classem,

Liv. 29, 27, 8.—

In a consequence, to show that it is conceived as immediate, now, then, therefore: satis est tibi in te, satis in legibus;

jam contemni non poteris,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

jam hoc non potest in te non honorifice esse dictum,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 2; id. Leg. 2, 24, 60; id. Clu. 16, 46:

nec hanc solam Romani meretricem colunt... Jam quanta ista immortalitas putanda est,

Lact. 1, 20, 5:

Quae cum ita sint, ego jam hinc praedico,

Liv. 40, 36, 14: conspecta et ex muris ea multitudo erat;

jamque etiam legionariae cohortes sequebantur,

id. 10, 43, 1.—

In transitions.

To a new subject, now, moreover, again, once more then:

jam de artificiis et quaestibus... haec fere accepimus,

Cic. Off. 1, 42, 150; Verg. G. 2, 57:

jam jura legitima ex legibus cognosci oportebit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68:

jam illud senatus consultum, quod eo die factum est, etc.,

id. Fam. 5, 2, 4:

jam Saliare Numae carmen qui laudat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 86. —So with vero:

jam vero motus animi, sollicitudines aegritudinesque oblivione leniuntur,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 38, 110:

jam vero virtuti Cn. Pompei quae potest par oratio inveniri?

id. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 29; 14, 41; id. Off. 3, 13 init. —With at enim:

at enim jam dicetis virtutem non posse constitui, si ea, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 40 init. —

In enumerations:

et aures... itemque nares... jam gustatus... tactus autem,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 141.—So sometimes repeatedly, at one time... at another... at another, jam... jam... jam:

jam medici, jam apparatus cibi, jam in hoc solum importatum instrumentum balinei nullius non succurrit valetudini,

Vell. 2, 114, 2; cf. Flor. 2, 17, 8, and I. A. 5. supra.—

For emphasis.

After non modo... sed ( = adeo), now, even, I may say:

non cum senatu modo, sed jam cum diis bellum gerere,

Liv. 21, 63, 6.—

Pressing the strict sense of a word or clause, now, precisely, indeed:

(Hieronymum) quem jam cur Peripateticum appellem, nescio,

Cic. Fin. 5, 5, 14:

hoc quidem haud molestum est jam, quod collus collari caret,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 107:

loquor enim jam non de sapientium, sed de communibus amicitiis,

Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

te quoque jam, Thais, ita me di bene ament, amo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 43:

imitatio morum alienorum... jam inter leniores affectus numerari potest,

Quint. 9, 2, 58:

reliqua jam aequitatis sunt,

id. 7, 1, 62:

cetera jam fabulosa,

Tac. G. 46:

desine: jam venio moriturus,

Verg. A. 10, 881.—So esp. with et: et jam (cf. etiam), and indeed, and in fact, et lenitas illa Graecorum et verborum comprehensio, et jam artifex, ut ita dicam, stilus, Cic. Brut. 25, 96:

pulchriora etiam Polycleti et jam plane perfecta,

id. ib. 18, 70:

Pompeium et hortari et orare et jam liberius accusare non desistimus,

id. Fam. 1, 1, 3; Quint. Decl. 5, 3; Luc. 8, 659; cf.

jamque,

Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 9; so,

jam et: nec deerat Ptolemaeus, jam et sceleris instinctor,

Tac. H. 1, 23; 1, 22;

and, ac jam: ac jam, ut omnia contra opinionem acciderent, tamen se plurimum navibus posse,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9: jam ergo, in very fact:

jam ergo aliquis condemnavit,

Cic. Clu. 41, 113.—

In climax, even, indeed, really:

opus Paniceis, opus Placentinis quoque... jam maritumi omnes milites opus sunt mihi,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 59:

jam illa quae natura, non litteris, assecuti sunt, neque cum Graecia neque ulla cum gente sunt conferenda,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

jam in opere quis par Romano miles?

Liv. 9, 19, 8; Quint. 12, 1, 45; Cic. Rep. 1, 5; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.

căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

capiti,

Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].

The head, of men and animals:

oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

cano capite,

id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

capitis nives,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

raso capite calvus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

irraso,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

intonsum,

Quint. 12, 10, 47:

amputare alicui,

Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

capite operto,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

obvoluto,

id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

caput aperire,

id. ib.:

abscindere cervicibus,

id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

demittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

extollere,

to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—

Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

nec caput nec pedes,

neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—

Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—

Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—

Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—

Transf., of inanimate things.

In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

ulpici,

Cato, R. R. 71:

allii,

Col. 6, 34, 1:

porri,

id. 11, 3, 17:

papaveris,

Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

bulborum,

Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

caulis,

id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

extorum,

Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

tignorum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

columnae,

Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

molis,

the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

xysti,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

porticus,

id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—

Esp., of rivers,

The origin, source, spring ( head):

caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

fontium,

Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—

(more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—

Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

vitis,

id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—

Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —

Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—

Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

hence, facere,

to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—

Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

hoc conruptum'st caput,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

ridiculum caput!

Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

festivum,

id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

lepidum,

id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

carum,

Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

liberum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

vilia,

Liv. 25, 6, 9:

viliora,

id. 9, 26, 22:

vilissima,

id. 24, 5, 13:

ignota,

id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

liberorum servorumque,

id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

istic capiti dicito,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

vae capiti tuo,

id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

in singulos,

id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

exactio capitum,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—

Trop.

Life, and specif.,

Physical life:

carum,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

si capitis res siet,

if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

capitis poena,

capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

pactum pro capite pretium,

Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

cum dimicatione capitis,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

suo capite decernere,

id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

caput offerre pro patriā,

Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

capitis accusare,

to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

absolvere,

id. Milt. 7, 6:

damnare,

id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

tergo ac capite puniri,

Liv. 3, 55, 14:

caput Jovi sacrum,

id. 3, 55, 7:

sacratum,

id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—

Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

capitis minor,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—

The first or chief person or thing, the head, leader, chief, guide (very freq.).

With gen.:

scelerum,

an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

perjuri,

id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

concitandorum Graecorum,

Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

consilil,

Liv. 8, 31, 7:

conjurationis,

id. 9, 26, 7:

caput rei Romanae Camillus,

id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

reipublicae,

Tac. A. 1, 13:

nominis Latini,

heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

belli,

id. 45, 7, 3:

Suevorum,

chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

Liv. 10, 1, 3.—

With esse and dat.:

ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

illic est huic rei caput,

author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—

Absol.:

urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

corpori valido caput deerat,

guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

Romam caput Latio esse,

id. 8, 4, 5; and:

brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

patrimonii publici,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

litterarum,

summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

caput Epicuri,

the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

id quod caput est,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

opp. usurae),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.

A publicist's t. t.

To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:

ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,

Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

juste pieque legatus venio,

Liv. 1, 32:

tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4:

quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,

Gell. 7, 14, 8.—

Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):

quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,

what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —

Beyond the official sphere:

quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?

committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—

To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):

eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:

ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 2, 6:

istum legatum iri non arbitror,

id. ib. 10, 1, 4:

ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

Dolabella me sibi legavit,

chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:

Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,

Sall. J. 28.—

A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):

Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,

Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:

usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,

id. Top. 3, 14:

cui argentum omne legatum est,

Quint. 5, 10, 62:

in argento legato,

id. 7, 2, 11.—

Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:

uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,

Cic. Clu. 12, 33:

si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,

id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,

lēgātus, i, m.

(Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

legatos mittere,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:

missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,

Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—

(Acc. to lego, I. B.).

An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:

quos legatos tute tibi legasti?

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,

id. Clu. 36, 99:

Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:

Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,

id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:

neque se ei legatum defuturum,

id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:

hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

(Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,

id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:

quaestorius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,

id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:

magnitudo et splendor legati,

Liv. 38, 58, 9:

in magna legatum quaere popina,

Juv. 8, 172.—

Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—

Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:

Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;

legatus praetorius,

Tac. Agr. 7.—

lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:

legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,

Dig. 30, 116:

Hortensii legata cognovi,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:

reliqua legata varie dedit,

Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:

legatum peto ex testamento,

Quint. 4, 2, 6:

jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,

Suet. Dom. 8:

cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,

Juv. 9, 62:

legatorum genera sunt quattuor,

Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.

lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.

Lit.

In gen.:

oleam,

Cato, R. R. 144:

nuces,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

herbas collibus,

Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:

roscida mala,

id. ib. 8, 38:

flores in calathos,

Ov. F. 5, 218:

spolia caesorum,

Liv. 5, 39:

quos (montanos asparagos),

Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:

ossa,

Ov. H. 10, 150:

homini mortuo ossa,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:

reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,

Suet. Aug. 100. —

Esp.

To take out, pick out, extract, remove:

quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,

Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:

ossa vivis,

id. ad Marc. 22, 3:

ossa in capite lecta,

id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:

ossa e vulneribus,

Quint. 6, 1, 30.—

To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):

oleam qui legerit,

Cato, R. R. 144, 1:

ficus non erat apta legi,

Ov. F. 2, 254.—

Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:

extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,

i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:

quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,

Ov. F. 3, 462:

stamen,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—

Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:

omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,

Verg. G. 1, 373:

vela legunt socii,

id. A. 3, 532:

ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,

Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:

prora funem legit Argus ab alta,

draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:

ancoras classis legit,

is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—

To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:

majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,

Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:

sacra divum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:

soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—

Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):

nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,

Ov. M. 5, 579:

pars cetera pontum Pone legit,

sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:

vada dura lego,

id. ib. 3, 706:

freta,

id. ib. 3, 127:

aequora Afra,

Ov. F. 4, 289:

Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,

id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:

subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

id. M. 3, 17; cf.:

et vestigia retro Observata legit,

Verg. A. 9, 392:

tortos orbes,

to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—

To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):

Inarimen Prochytenque legit,

Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:

navibus oram Italiae,

Liv. 21, 51 fin.:

oram Campaniae,

Suet. Tib. 11; cf.

terram,

id. Aug. 16. —

Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):

alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,

pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:

judices,

Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:

omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,

id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:

scribam,

to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:

condiciones nubendi,

id. Cael. 15:

cives in patres,

Liv. 23, 22:

viros ad bella,

Ov. M. 7, 669:

geminasque legit de classe biremes,

Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:

senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,

Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—

With inf.:

fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,

Stat. Th. 1, 530.

Trop.

To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:

nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—

To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.

In gen.:

tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,

Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—

In partic., to read or peruse a writing:

ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,

Cic. Top. 1:

defensionem causae,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:

aliquid studiose intenteque,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:

significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,

id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:

liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

orationem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:

antiquos et novos,

Quint. 2, 5, 23:

antiquos studiosius,

id. 3, 6, 62:

poëtas,

id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:

Horatius fere solus legi dignus,

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,

id. 10, 1, 116:

dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:

sepulcra legens,

when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

legentium plerisque,

Liv. 1 praef. §

4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,

to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:

nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,

Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:

legendi usus,

Lact. 3, 25, 9:

memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,

Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—

In partic.

To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):

convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:

audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,

Plin. Ep. 9, 34:

obturem impune legentibus aures,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:

quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,

with recitation, id. A. P. 475:

quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,

to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—

To find in an author or a writing:

ut scriptum legimus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:

legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,

id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:

ego vero haec scripta legi,

id. Planc. 39, 94:

praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,

Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:

in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,

Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—

A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;

v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,

Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,

argentum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:

ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:

uxor lectissima,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

(verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,

id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,

id. Or. 68, 227:

juvenum lectissime,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:

viginti lectis equitum comitatus,

Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):

ab lego lecte ac lectissime,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:

lectius,

Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

lēgo, āvi, ātum (archaic perf. legassit for legaverit, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 148), 1, v. a. [lex; and therefore qs. lege creare], a publicist's and jurid. t. t.

A publicist's t. t.

To send with a commission or charge, to send on an embassy, send as ambassador; to depute, despatch:

ne hoc quidem senatui relinquebas, ut legati ex ejus ordinis auctoritate legarentur,

Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

hominem honestum ac nobilem legarunt ad Apronium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 114: eos privatae rei causa legari, id. Fam. 3, 8, 4:

juste pieque legatus venio,

Liv. 1, 32:

tres adulescentes in Africam legantur, qui reges adeant, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4:

quos Athenienses Romam ad senatum legaverant impetratum, etc.,

Gell. 7, 14, 8.—

Transf. to the commission itself (ante- and post-class.):

quae verba legaverint Rhodii ad hostium ducem,

what they told him through their deputies, Gell. 15, 31 in lemm. —

Beyond the official sphere:

quin potius, quod legatum est tibi negotium, Id curas?

committed, intrusted, Plaut. Cas. 1, 12.—

To appoint or choose as deputy (as the official assistant, lieutenant, of a general or governor):

eum (Messium) Caesari legarat Appius,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 9:

ego me a Pompeio legari ita sum passus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 2, 6:

istum legatum iri non arbitror,

id. ib. 10, 1, 4:

ne legaretur Gabinius Pompeio expetenti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

Dolabella me sibi legavit,

chose me for his lieutenant, id. Att. 15, 11, 4:

Calpurnius parato exercitu legat sibi homines nobiles, etc.,

Sall. J. 28.—

A jurid. t. t.: aliquid, to appoint by a last will or testament, to leave or bequeath as a legacy (class.):

Numitori, qui stirpis maximus erat, regnum vetustum Silviae gentis legat,

Liv. 1, 3: legavit quidam uxori mundum omne penumque, Lucil. ap. Gell. 4, 1, 3:

usumfructum omnium bonorum Caesenniae legat,

Cic. Caecin. 4, 11:

Fabiae pecunia legata est a viro,

id. Top. 3, 14:

cui argentum omne legatum est,

Quint. 5, 10, 62:

in argento legato,

id. 7, 2, 11.—

Aliquid alicui ab aliquo, to leave one a legacy to be paid by the principal heir:

uxori testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio, si qui natus esset: ab secundo herede nihil legat,

Cic. Clu. 12, 33:

si paterfamilias uxori ancillarum usum fructum legavit a filio, neque a secundo herede legavit,

id. Top. 4, 21; Quint. 7, 9, 5.—Hence,

lēgātus, i, m.

(Acc. to lego, I. A.) An ambassador, legate, Cic. Vatin. 15, 35:

legatos mittere,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

ad senatum legatos de aliqua re mittere,

id. de Or. 2, 37, 155; cf.:

missi magnis de rebus uterque Legati,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

legatos mittere ad indicendum bellum,

Liv. 31, 8; Ov. M. 14, 527.—

(Acc. to lego, I. B.).

An official assistant given to a general or the governor of a province, a deputy, lieutenant, lieutenant-general:

quos legatos tute tibi legasti?

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

qui M. Aemilio legati fuerunt,

id. Clu. 36, 99:

Quintus frater meus legatus est Caesaris,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21; id. Off. 3, 20, 79; cf.:

Murena summo imperatori legatus L. Lucullo fuit, qua in legatione duxit exercitum, etc.,

id. Mur. 9, 20; 14, 32:

neque se ei legatum defuturum,

id. Phil. 11, 7, 17; Val. Max. 5, 5, 1:

hiberna cum legato praefectoque tradidisses,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

(Calvisius) duos legatos Uticae reliquerat,

id. Phil. 3, 10 fin.:

quaestorius,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 56; Caes. B. G. 2, 5 fin.:

L. Caesar, cujus pater Caesaris erat legatus,

id. B. C. 1, 8, 2:

magnitudo et splendor legati,

Liv. 38, 58, 9:

in magna legatum quaere popina,

Juv. 8, 172.—

Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province by the emperor, Tac. A. 12, 40; id. Agr. 33; Suet. Vesp. 4; Spart. Hadr. 3 et saep.; cf. legatio, I. B. 2., and Orell. ad Tac. Agr. 9.—

Legati legionum, commanders, Suet. Tib. 19; id. Vesp. 4; cf.:

Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos et quaestorem praefecit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52; Tac. A. 2, 36; id. H. 1, 7.—Also called;

legatus praetorius,

Tac. Agr. 7.—

lēgātum, i, n. (acc. to lego, II.), a bequest, legacy:

legatum est delibatio hereditatis, qua testator ex eo, quod universum heredis foret, alicui quid collatum velit,

Dig. 30, 116:

Hortensii legata cognovi,

Cic. Att. 7, 3, 9:

reliqua legata varie dedit,

Suet. Aug. 101; id. Tib. 48:

legatum peto ex testamento,

Quint. 4, 2, 6:

jus capiendi legata alicui adimere,

Suet. Dom. 8:

cymbala pulsantis legatum amici,

Juv. 9, 62:

legatorum genera sunt quattuor,

Gai. Inst. 2, 192; cf. sqq.

lĕgo, lēgi, lectum ( gen. plur. part. legentum, Ov. Tr. 1. 7, 25), 3, v. a. [Gr. legô, logos, logas, etc.; Lat. legumen, di-leg-ens, neg-leg-o, etc.; cf. Germ. lesen], to bring together, to gather, collect.

Lit.

In gen.:

oleam,

Cato, R. R. 144:

nuces,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 265:

herbas collibus,

Ov. M. 14, 347: flores et humi nascentia fraga, [p. 1048] Verg. E. 3, 92; cf.:

roscida mala,

id. ib. 8, 38:

flores in calathos,

Ov. F. 5, 218:

spolia caesorum,

Liv. 5, 39:

quos (montanos asparagos),

Juv. 11, 69.—Of the dead who have been burned:

ossa,

Ov. H. 10, 150:

homini mortuo ossa,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 60: ossa filii, Sen. de Ira, 2, 33, 6; cf. Quint. 8, 5, 21; Lact. de Mort. Persec. 21, 11:

reliquias legerunt primores equestris ordinis,

Suet. Aug. 100. —

Esp.

To take out, pick out, extract, remove:

quibusdam et radi ossa et legi... quae sine totius pernicie corporis haerere non poterant,

Sen. Prov. 1, 3, 2:

ossa vivis,

id. ad Marc. 22, 3:

ossa in capite lecta,

id. Ben. 5, 24, 3:

ossa e vulneribus,

Quint. 6, 1, 30.—

To pluck, strip, gather fruit from (a tree, etc.):

oleam qui legerit,

Cato, R. R. 144, 1:

ficus non erat apta legi,

Ov. F. 2, 254.—

Poet.: legere fila, to wind up:

extrema Lauso Parcae fila legunt,

i. e. spin the last thread of life, Verg. A. 10, 815; cf.:

quae dedit ingrato fila legenda viro,

Ov. F. 3, 462:

stamen,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 40 (42).—

Naut. t. t.: vela legere, to draw together, furl:

omnis navita ponto umida vela legit,

Verg. G. 1, 373:

vela legunt socii,

id. A. 3, 532:

ipse dabit tenera vela, legetque manu,

Ov. H. 15, 215; Val. Fl. 2, 13:

prora funem legit Argus ab alta,

draws in, takes in, id. 1, 312:

ancoras classis legit,

is weighing anchor, Sen. Troad. 759.—

To take to one's self unjustly, to carry off, steal, purloin, plunder, abstract (not in Cic.): omnia viscatis manibus leget, omnia sumet: crede mihi, auferet omnia, Lucil. ap. Non. 332 and 396, 4:

majus esse maleficium stuprare ingenuam quam sacrum legere,

Auct. Her. 2, 30 fin.:

sacra divum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 117:

soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas,

Verg. A. 10, 79 Serv. ad loc. (but Forbig. renders legere here as = eligere, sumere; cf. 8. infra).—

Of places, to go, pass, or wander through ( poet.):

nec me studiosius altera saltus Legit,

Ov. M. 5, 579:

pars cetera pontum Pone legit,

sails through, Verg. A. 2, 207:

vada dura lego,

id. ib. 3, 706:

freta,

id. ib. 3, 127:

aequora Afra,

Ov. F. 4, 289:

Ioniumque rapax Icariumque legit,

id. ib. 4, 566: vestigia alicujus, to follow one's footsteps, to track or pursue him:

subsequitur pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

id. M. 3, 17; cf.:

et vestigia retro Observata legit,

Verg. A. 9, 392:

tortos orbes,

to wander through, id. ib. 12, 481.—

To pass or sail by, to skirt, to coast along a shore, land, or place (mostly poet.):

Inarimen Prochytenque legit,

Ov. M. 14, 89; 15, 705; 709: primi litoris oram, coast along, i. e. not enter into details, Verg. G. 2, 44; id. E. 8, 7:

navibus oram Italiae,

Liv. 21, 51 fin.:

oram Campaniae,

Suet. Tib. 11; cf.

terram,

id. Aug. 16. —

Pregn., to choose from a number, to pick out, single out, select, elect (class.):

alia esse oportet forma quem tu pugno legeris,

pick out to fight with, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 160:

judices,

Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 16:

omnia, quae leget quaeque reiciet,

id. Fin. 4, 15, 40:

scribam,

to elect, appoint, id. Clu. 45, 126:

condiciones nubendi,

id. Cael. 15:

cives in patres,

Liv. 23, 22:

viros ad bella,

Ov. M. 7, 669:

geminasque legit de classe biremes,

Verg. A. 8, 79: legit virum vir, each one singles out his man (of the combatants in a battle), id. ib. 11, 632:

senatum ad modum pristinum redegit duabus lectionibus: prima ipsorum arbitratu, quo vir virum legit,

Suet. Aug. 35; Tac. H. 1, 18: neque ejus legendam filiam (sc. virginem Vestalem) qui domicilium in Italia non haberet, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 1, 12, 8.—

With inf.:

fidissima custos Lecta sacrum justae veneri occultare pudorem,

Stat. Th. 1, 530.

Trop.

To catch up, i. e. overhear a conversation:

nunc huc concedam, ut horum sermonem legam,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 21 (cf. sublegere, id. Mil. 4, 2. 98).—

To catch with the eye, to view, observe, behold, survey, see.

In gen.:

tumulum capit, unde omnes longo ordine posset Adversos legere,

Verg. A. 6, 755 Heyne ad loc.; and cf. Verg. A. 6, 34.—

In partic., to read or peruse a writing:

ut eos libros per te ipse legeres,

Cic. Top. 1:

defensionem causae,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:

legi apud Clitomachum, A. Albium jocantem dixisse, etc.,

id. Ac. 2, 45, 137:

aliquid studiose intenteque,

Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 1:

significas legisse te in quadam epistula mea, jussisse Verginium, etc.,

id. ib. 9, 19, 1: philosophorum consultorumque opiniones, Quint. 12, 11, 17:

liber tuus et lectus est et legitur a me diligenter,

Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 1:

orationem,

Quint. 1, 1, 6:

aiunt multum legendum esse non multa,

Plin. Ep. 7, 9, 15.—With a pers. obj.:

antiquos et novos,

Quint. 2, 5, 23:

antiquos studiosius,

id. 3, 6, 62:

poëtas,

id. 1, 4, 4. —In pass.:

Horatius fere solus legi dignus,

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

si cum judicio legatur Cassius Severus,

id. 10, 1, 116:

dumque legar, mecum pariter tua fama legetur,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 5:

sepulcra legens,

when reading epitaphs, Cic. de Sen. 7, 21:

legentium plerisque,

Liv. 1 praef. §

4: opus nescio an minimae legentibus futurum voluptati,

to my readers, Quint. 3, 1, 2; cf. id. 9, 4, 2; 2, 5, 3:

nec Cynicos nec Stoica dogmata,

Juv. 13, 121.— Absol.:

legendi usus,

Lact. 3, 25, 9:

memoriam continuus legendi usus instruit,

Macr. S. 1, 5, 1.—

In partic.

To read out, read aloud, recite (esp. freq. in post-Aug. authors):

convocatis auditoribus volumen legere, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 51, 191: codicem pro contione, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 4, 8:

audio me male legere, dumtaxat versus, orationes enim commodius,

Plin. Ep. 9, 34:

obturem impune legentibus aures,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 105:

quem vero arripuit tenet occiditque legendo,

with recitation, id. A. P. 475:

quis dabit historico quantum daret acta legenti,

to read him the news, Juv. 7, 104.—

To find in an author or a writing:

ut scriptum legimus,

Cic. Deiot. 7, 19:

legi etiam scriptum, esse avem quandam, etc.,

id. N. D. 2. 49 init.:

ego vero haec scripta legi,

id. Planc. 39, 94:

praeterea scriptum legimus, Gallos in venatibus tinguere sagittas,

Gell. 17, 15, 7. relatum legere, Nep. praef. 1.— Pass.:

in aliis codicibus non peccato sed peccatis legitur,

Aug. Cont. Jul. Rel. 1, 22; id. Don. Persev. 6 init. al.—

A publicist's t. t.: legere senatum, to read over or call off the names of senators (which was done by the censors;

v. lectio, II. A. 2.): censores fideli concordia senatum legerunt,

Liv. 40, 51; 9, 29; 9, 30; 9, 46; 43, 15 al.—Hence, lĕgens, entis, Part. as subst. m., a reader ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose for lector), Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 25.— Plur., Liv. praef. 4; Quint. 3, 1, 2; Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 44; Tac. A. 4, 33.—Also, lectus, a, um, P. a., chosen, picked out, selected; choice, excellent (class.): argenti lectae numeratae minae, good, i. e. of full weight, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 50; so,

argentum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 3:

ut neque vir melior neque lectior femina in terris sit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

lectissimi viri atque ornatissimi,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 15; cf. id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29:

uxor lectissima,

id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:

(verbis) lectis atque illustribus uti,

id. de Or. 3, 37, 150:

nihil est aliud... pulcre et oratorie dicere nisi optimis sententiis verbisque lectissimis dicere,

id. Or. 68, 227:

juvenum lectissime,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 247; cf.:

viginti lectis equitum comitatus,

Verg. A. 9, 48.—Hence, adv.: lectē, choicely, selectly (very rare):

ab lego lecte ac lectissime,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 36 Müll.— Comp.:

lectius,

Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2 (al. lecta).

lingua (ante-class. form dingua, like dagrima for lacrima, Mar. Victorin. p. 2457 and 2470 P.; cf. the letter D), ae, f. [Sanscr. jihvā; original Lat. form. dingua; A. -S. tunga; Germ. Zunge; Engl. tongue. Not from the root lih, lich, v. lingo], the tongue.

Lit.:

fac proserpentem bestiam me duplicem ut habeam linguam (of a kiss in which the tongues touched each other),

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 105:

lingua haeret metu,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 7:

in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149:

linguā haesitantes,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:

linguā properanti legere,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 9:

linguā titubante loqui,

id. Tr. 3, 1, 21:

quo facilius verba ore libero exprimeret, calculos lingua volvens dicere domi solebat (Demosthenes),

Quint. 11, 3, 54: linguam exserere, to thrust out the tongue, in token of derision or contempt, Liv. 7, 10: so,

lingua ejecta,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266:

lingua minor,

the epiglottis, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 175.—Comically, as mock term of endearment:

hujus voluptas, te opsecro, hujus mel, hujus cor, hujus labellum, hujus lingua,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 178; cf. v. 175.—In mal. part.: homo malae linguae, a fellow with a bad tongue, i. q. fellator, Mart. 3, 80, 2; Min. Fel. Oct. 28.—

Transf.

Since the tongue is an organ of speech, a tongue, utterance, speech, language:

largus opum, lingua melior,

Verg. A. 11, 338:

facilem benevolumque lingua tua jam tibi me reddidit,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:

non tu tibi istam praetruncari linguam largiloquam jubes?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 47:

Latium beare divite linguā,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

lingua quasi flabello seditionis contionem ventilare,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54:

linguam continere,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

tenere,

Ov. F. 2, 602:

moderari,

Sall. J. 84:

linguae solutio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

linguam solvere ad jurgia,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

quidam operarii linguā celeri et exercitatā,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 83:

ut vitemus linguas hominum,

id. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

Aetolorum linguas retundere,

to check their tongues, bring them to silence, Liv. 33, 3; cf.:

claudente noxarum conscientiā linguam,

Amm. 16, 12, 61:

si mihi lingua foret,

Ov. H. 21, 205:

ne vati noceat mala lingua futuro,

Verg. E. 7, 28: favete linguis, i. e. give attention, " be silent that you may hear," Hor. C. 3, 1, 2; Ov. F. 1, 71:

linguis animisque faventes,

Juv. 12, 83:

nam lingua mali pars pessima servi,

id. 9, 121:

mercedem imponere linguae,

i. e. to speak for pay, id. 7, 149:

usum linguae reciperare,

Amm. 17, 12, 10:

linguā debili esse,

to stammer, Gell. 1, 12, 2.—Comically: os habeat, linguam, perfidiam, tongue, i. e. readiness in speech, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 33. —

The tongue or language of a people:

lingua Latina, Graeca,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

Graeca et Latina lingua,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

(Massilia) tam procul a Graecorum regionibus, disciplinis linguāque divisa,

Cic. Fl. 26, 63:

quod quidem Latina lingua sic observat, ut, etc.,

id. Or. 44, 150:

Gallicae linguae scientiam habere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli, appellantur,

id. ib. 1, 1:

dissimili linguā,

Sall. C. 6, 2:

linguā utrāque,

i. e. Greek and Latin, Hor. S. 1, 10, 23; so, auctores utriusque linguae, Quint. prooem. 1;

1, 1, 14: Mithridates, cui duas et viginti linguas notas fuisse,

id. 11, 2, 50:

haud rudis Graecae linguae,

Curt. 5, 11, 4; 5, 4, 4; Nep. Milt. 3, 2:

Syrus in Tiberim Orontes et linguam et mores vexit,

Juv. 3, 63.—

Dialect, idiom, mode of speech (post-Aug.): illis non verborum modo, sed. linguarum etiam se inter differentium copia est. Quint. 12, 10, 34:

Crassus quinque Graeci sermonis differentias sic tenuit, ut, qua quisque apud eum linguā postulasset, eadem jus sibi redditum ferret,

id. 11, 2, 50:

utar enim historicā linguā,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 13, 3:

si philosophorum linguā uti voluissem,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4.—

Poet. of animals. the voice, note, song, bark, etc.:

linguae volucrum,

Verg. A. 3, 361; 10, 177:

linguam praecludere (canis),

Phaedr. 1, 22, 5.—

An utterance, expression:

lingua secretior,

a dark saying, Quint. 1, 1, 35.—

Of tongue-shaped things.

A plant, also called lingulaca, Plin. 24, 19, 108, § 170.—

Lingua bubula, a plant, oxtongue, bugloss, Cato, R. R. 40; Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 112.—

Lingua canina, Cels. 5, 27, 18 init.;

and lingua canis,

App. Herb. 96, the plant hound's-tongue, also called cynoglossos; q. v.—

A tongue of land: id promontorium, Cujus lingua in altum proicit, Pac. ap. Gell. 4, 17 fin.:

lingua in altum mille passuum excurrens,

Liv. 37, 31, 9; Weissenb. ad Liv. 25, 15, 12:

eminet in altum lingua, in qua urbs sita est,

Liv. 44, 11:

tenuem producit in aequora linguam,

Luc. 2, 614; cf.: lingua dicitur promontorii genus non excellentis sed molliter in planum devexi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—

A spoonful, as a measure, Plin. 26, 11, 73, § 119 (al. lingulis).—

The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 84.—

The short arm of a lever:

vectis lingua sub onus subdita,

Vitr. 10, 8 (cf. ligula, VII.).

magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:

magnai reipublicai gratia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.

Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.

the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,

a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:

magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,

Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:

magnus fluens Nilus,

Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:

magna et pulcra domus,

spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

montes,

Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):

templa caelitum,

vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):

aquae,

great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

oppidum maximum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—

Esp.

Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:

maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

magna pecunia mutua,

id. Att. 11, 3, 3:

copia pabuli,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

multitudo peditatus,

id. ib. 4, 34:

divitiae,

Nep. Dion. 1, 2:

populus,

Verg. A. 1, 148.—

Rarely of time, for longus, multus:

interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,

Verg. A. 3, 284:

magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,

Macr. S. 2, 11:

magno post tempore,

Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—

Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:

magna voce confiteri,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:

tribunorum,

Liv. 9, 46, 7.

Trop.

In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):

vir magnus in primis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,

id. ib. 2, 66, 167:

magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,

Nep. Them. 6, 1:

Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

amicus,

great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):

virtus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

infamia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1:

eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,

id. ib.:

multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46:

causa,

great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:

opus et arduum,

id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:

quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,

something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:

magna loqui,

to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:

magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,

it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,

what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:

quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—

In partic.

Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:

jam magno natu,

Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:

homo magnus natu,

id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:

qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:

audivi ex majoribus natu,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,

Verg. A. 5, 644:

annos natus major quadraginta,

more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

civis major annis viginti,

Suet. Caes. 42:

cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:

ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,

Liv. 6, 34:

Gelo maximus stirpis,

id. 23, 30:

ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,

App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.

in gen.: Cyrus major,

Lact. 4, 5, 7:

quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,

Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:

si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,

Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:

ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:

L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

patres majoresque nostri,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:

more majorum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,

id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

majores natu,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:

maxima virgo,

the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:

de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,

Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:

magni esse,

to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:

magni aestimare,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:

magni existimans interesse ad decus,

to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,

id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

magno vendere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:

conducere aliquid nimium magno,

too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:

magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,

cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:

ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,

Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:

multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,

dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:

senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:

extollere aliquid in majus,

more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:

celebrare,

id. ib. 13, 8:

nuntiare,

id. H. 3, 38:

credere,

to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:

accipere,

to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—

Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):

magnum clamat,

greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:

inclamare,

Gell. 5, 9 fin.:

exclamat derepente maximum,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).

Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—

In gen.

With no qualifying words.

With the addition of the second term of the comparison.

With verbs:

quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:

saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:

magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:

nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,

id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:

quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,

Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:

tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,

id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:

quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

id. Cael. 6, 14.—

With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):

umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,

id. Mur. 8, 17:

magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:

ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,

id. ib. 1, 13, 6:

se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,

id. ib. 2, 32, 1:

timori magis quam religioni consulere,

id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:

jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),

Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:

in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,

Quint. 9, 1, 23:

Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,

Liv. 10, 4, 10:

pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,

Sen. Suas. 6, 17:

non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,

Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:

nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,

Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):

quid philosophia magis colendum?

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?

Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,

Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—

With pronn.:

quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:

quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?

id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:

quam mage amo quam matrem meam,

id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:

quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,

id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:

jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:

nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,

Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—

With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:

neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,

id. Am. 2, 1, 54:

ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

corpora magna magis quam firma,

Liv. 5, 44, 4:

vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:

neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:

ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,

Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):

ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —

Without the addition of the second term.

With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):

sapiunt magis,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:

magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 10, 3:

magis metuant,

id. Mil. 5, 44:

tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:

cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:

magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—

With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):

magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,

better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—

With pronn.:

ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—

With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:

ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

magis anxius,

Ov. M. 1, 182:

hic magis tranquillu'st,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:

nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:

nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,

id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

quod est magis verisimile,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:

magis admirabilis oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 24:

magis communia verba,

id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;

nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:

magis aperte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:

magis impense,

id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:

magis est dulcius,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:

magis majores nugae,

id. Men. prol. 55:

magis modum in majorem,

id. Am. 1, 1, 145:

contentiores mage erunt,

id. Poen. 2, 15.—

Strengthened.

By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:

qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:

illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:

tanto magis Dic, quis est?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:

ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,

id. Most. 3, 2, 146:

vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,

Lucr. 6, 460:

quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25:

sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:

atque eo magis, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

eoque magis quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;

5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:

magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:

tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 787:

quanto mage... tam magis,

Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:

quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:

quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 309:

cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—

By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:

cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,

Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:

magis deinde ac magis,

Suet. Vit. 10:

post hoc magis ac magis,

id. Gram. 3;

for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,

id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:

magis atque magis,

Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:

post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,

id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—

Pleon.

With potius (anteclass.):

magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:

mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—

With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;

his vero auditis multo magis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:

finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,

Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —

In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.

To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:

domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,

i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:

non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,

Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:

non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,

Sen. Ep. 87, 25;

Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,

Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:

nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,

just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—

For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:

deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,

Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:

miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,

Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—

Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:

sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,

Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:

minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,

Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:

quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,

Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:

quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,

id. Suas. 1, 5:

aut minus, aut magis,

id. Ep. 82, 14.—

With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:

alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:

sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,

id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:

alii aliis magis recusare,

Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.

Lit.

Alone.

With a verb:

haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:

nos coluit maxime,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

quem convenire maxime cupiebam,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:

de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:

extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,

id. Quint. 10, 35:

in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,

most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,

came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.

pugnare,

most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:

jubere,

most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:

id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:

ab eo exordiri volui maxime,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

cernere naturae vim maxime,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—

With an adj.:

res maxime necessaria,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

loca maxime frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

loci ad hoc maxime idonei,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

maxime naturali carent amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

maxime feri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,

id. ib. 1, 3:

idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

elegans maxime auctor,

id. 10, 1, 93:

maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,

id. 2, 4, 37:

noto enim maxime utar exemplo,

id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:

quae maxime liberalissima,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),

Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —

With numerals, at most:

puer ad annos maxime natus octo,

Gell. 17, 8, 4.—

With an adv.:

ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—

Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):

qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,

Curt. 5, 2, 5:

cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,

Nep. Milt. 1, 1:

quae maxime omnium belli avida,

Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:

atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:

imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:

hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,

id. Part. Or. 33, 114:

quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,

as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:

ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:

ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3:

ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,

Quint. 12, 6, 6.—

With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:

tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,

as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,

Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—

With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):

hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:

ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.

, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,

id. ib. 1, 15, 47:

ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—

In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:

hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:

si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,

id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:

in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:

maxime... dein,

Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,

Col. 5, 6, 4:

maxime... deinde... postea... minume,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:

maxime... postea... ultimae,

Col. 6, 3, 6:

post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,

Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—

Transf.

Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:

quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:

scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:

maxime quod de judicatu meo,

id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:

cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,

id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:

scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:

plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:

tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:

longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,

id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:

cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,

Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:

haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;

2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:

tum cum maxime,

at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,

tunc cum maxime,

Curt. 3, 2, 17:

nunc cum maxime,

Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—

In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:

scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,

Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.

Magnus, i, m., a Roman surname, e. g. Cn. Pompeius Magnus; v. Pompeius.

magnus, a, um (archaic gen. magnai for magnae:

magnai reipublicai gratia,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 23), adj.; comp. mājor, us; sup. maxĭmus ( maxŭm-), a, um [root magh-; Sanscr. mahat, maba, great; Gr. megas; cf. meizôn for megiôn; cf. mêchos, majestas; also cf. root mak-; Gr. makros, and perh. makar], great, large.

Lit., of physical size or quantity, great, large; of things, vast, extensive, spacious, etc.: nequam et magnus homo, a great, tall fellow, Lucil. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Mull.; cf.

the double meaning: tu, bis denis grandia libris Qui scribis Priami proelia, magnus homo es,

a great man, Mart. 9, 51, 4: magna ossa lacertique Apparent homini, Lucil. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1:

magna ossa lacertosque Exuit,

Verg. A. 5, 422: (scarus) magnusque bonusque, Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 9 Vahl.): indu mari magno, id. ap. Macr. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 425 Vahl.); so, in mari magno, id. ap. Fest. p. 356 Mull.; cf. Lucr. 2, 554:

magnus fluens Nilus,

Verg. G. 3, 28; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2:

magna et pulcra domus,

spacious, Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 17:

montes,

Cat. 64. 280; cf. Olympum, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 20 Mull. (Ann. v. 1 Vahl.):

templa caelitum,

vast, id. ib. 7, § 6 (Trag. v. 227 Vahl.): magnae quercus, great oaks, lofty oaks, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):

aquae,

great floods, inundations, Liv. 24, 9: saxa maxima, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

oppidum maximum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 23.—

Esp.

Of measure, weight, quantity, great, much, abundant, considerable, etc.:

maximum pondus auri, magnum numerum frumenti, vim mellis maximam exportasse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

magna pecunia mutua,

id. Att. 11, 3, 3:

copia pabuli,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16:

multitudo peditatus,

id. ib. 4, 34:

divitiae,

Nep. Dion. 1, 2:

populus,

Verg. A. 1, 148.—

Rarely of time, for longus, multus:

interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum,

Verg. A. 3, 284:

magnum vocans solis (annum) comparatione lunaris,

Macr. S. 2, 11:

magno post tempore,

Just. 11, 10, 14; 32, 3, 10.—

Of the voice, loud, powerful, strong, mighty:

magna voce confiteri,

Cic. Caecin. 32, 92: major pars, the majority:

tribunorum,

Liv. 9, 46, 7.

Trop.

In gen., great, grand, mighty, noble, lofty, important, of great weight or importance, momentous: cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 207 Vahl.); cf.: Saturnia magna dearum, id. ap. Prisc. p. 1103 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.):

vir magnus in primis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo adflatu divino umquam fuit,

id. ib. 2, 66, 167:

magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit, nec minor in pace,

Nep. Them. 6, 1:

Cato clarus atque magnus habetur,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

amicus,

great, wealthy, Juv. 6, 312: res magnas parvasque Eloqui, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4 (Ann. v. 244 Vahl.):

virtus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 15:

infamia,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1:

eloquentia, gravitas, studium, contentio,

id. ib.:

multo major alacritas, studiumque pugnandi majus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46:

causa,

great, important, weighty, Cic. Dom. 1, 1:

opus et arduum,

id. Or. 10, 33.— Absol. in neutr, sing. and plur.:

quamquam id magnum, et arduum est,

something great, Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 6: magna Di curant ( great things, important matters), parva neglegunt, id. N. D. 2, 66, 167:

magna loqui,

to say great things, speak boastfully, Tib. 2, 6, 11:

magnum est efficere, ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud, etc.,

it is a great, difficult, important thing, Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7:

probitatem vel in eis, quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligimus,

what is far greater, id. Lael. 9, 29: annus magnus, the great year, at the end of which the sun, moon, and planets were supposed to return to the same relative positions, the Piatonic year or cycle, consisting of 15000 years:

quarum (stellarum) ex disparibus motionibus, magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 52; id. Fragm. ap. Tac. Or. 16.— Posit. in comparison: Alexander orbi magnus est, Alex. andro orbis angustus, great in comparison with, i. e. too great for, Sen. Suas. 1, 3.—

In partic.

Of age, with natu, advanced in years, of great age, aged:

jam magno natu,

Nep. Paus. 5; Liv. 3, 71, 3:

homo magnus natu,

id. 10, 38, 6.—Usually in the comp. and sup., with or without natu or annis, older, the elder, the oldest or eldest:

qui (Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,

older than, earlier, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3:

audivi ex majoribus natu,

id. Off. 1, 30, 109:

hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo,

Verg. A. 5, 644:

annos natus major quadraginta,

more than, Cic. Rosc. Am. 14, 39:

civis major annis viginti,

Suet. Caes. 42:

cum liberis, majoribus quam quindecim annos natis,

Liv. 45, 32.— Absol.: senis nostri frater major, the elder of two, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 13:

ex duobus filiis major, Caes B. C. 3, 108, 3: Fabii Ambusti filiae duae nuptae, Ser. Sulpicio major minor Licinio Stoloni erat,

Liv. 6, 34:

Gelo maximus stirpis,

id. 23, 30:

ut nubere vellet mulier viro, major juniori,

App. Mag. 27, p. 291, 28; cf.

in gen.: Cyrus major,

Lact. 4, 5, 7:

quaerere uter major aetate fuerit, Homerus an Hesiodus, cum minor Hecuba fuerit quam Helena,

Sen. Ep. 88, 5.—In legal lang., major (opp. minor), one who has attained his twenty-fifth year, who is of age:

si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,

Dig. 4, 4, 24.—In plur. subst.: mājō-res, um, m., adults (opp. pueri), Varr. L. L. 9, 10, § 16 Mull.—But usually majores, ancestors, forefathers:

Itan tandem hanc majores famam tradiderunt tibi tui, Ut, etc.,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 16:

ibi mei sunt majores siti, pater, avos, proavos, abavos,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 20:

L. Philippus, vir patre, avo, majoribus suis dignissimus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

patres majoresque nostri,

id. Div. in Caecil. 21, 69:

more majorum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 1:

spes tamen una est, aliquando populum Romanum majorum similem fore,

id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

majores natu,

Nep. Iphicr. 1, 1:

maxima virgo,

the eldest of the Vestal virgins, Ov. F. 4, 639: major erus, the old master, the master of the house, the old man (opp.: minor erus, the young master): Le. Ubinam est erus? Li. Major apud forum'st, minor hic est intus, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 63: majores natu, of the Senate:

de istis rebus in patria majores natu consulemus,

Liv. 1, 32, 10.—In designating relationship, magnus denotes kindred of the fourth, major of the fifth, and maximus of the sixth degree; so, avunculus magnus, a great-uncle; amita magna, a greataunt; avunculus or amita major; avunculus maximus, amita maxima, etc.; v. h. vv., and cf. Dig. 38, 10, 10.—

In specifications of value, in the neutr. absol., magni or magno, high, dear, of great value, at a high price, etc.; cf.: pretii majoris or maximi, higher, highest, very high:

magni esse,

to be highly esteemed, Cic. Fam. 13, 72, 2:

magni aestimare,

id. Tusc. 5, 7, 20:

magni existimans interesse ad decus,

to be of great consequence, id. N. D. 1, 4, 7:

emere agros poterunt quam volent magno,

id. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

magno vendere,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 30, § 71:

conducere aliquid nimium magno,

too high, too dear, id. Att. 1, 17, 9:

magno illi ea cunctatio stetit,

cost him dear, Liv. 2, 36.— Comp.:

ornatus muliebris majoris pretii,

Cic. Inv 1, 31, 51, rarely without pretii:

multo majoris alapae mecum veneunt,

dearer, higher, Phaedr. 2, 5, 25.— Sup.: te haec solum semper fecit maxumi, most highly prized, Ter And. 1, 5, 58:

senatus auctoritatem sibi maximi videri,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 2: in majus, too greatly, too highly, greater than it is:

extollere aliquid in majus,

more highly than it deserves, Tac. A. 15, 30:

celebrare,

id. ib. 13, 8:

nuntiare,

id. H. 3, 38:

credere,

to believe a thing to be worse than it is, id. ib. 1, 18:

accipere,

to take a thing to be greater than it is, id. ib. 3, 8 init.: innotescere, in an exaggerated manner, id. ib 4, 50.—Also with abl., in majus vero ferri, Liv. 21, 32, 7.—

Magnum and maximum, adverbially, greatly, loudly (ante- and post-class.):

magnum clamat,

greatly, with a loud voice, aloud, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 10:

inclamare,

Gell. 5, 9 fin.:

exclamat derepente maximum,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 57.—Hence, măgis, adv., only in comp. in this anomalous form (i. e. mag-ius, like pris-cus for [p. 1100] prius-cus, and pris-tinus for prius-tinus); and in sup.: maxĭmē ( maxŭmē).

Comp.: magĭs (apocop. form, măgĕ, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 51; 2, 3, 14; id. Mon. 2, 3, 35; id. Poen. 1, 2, 64; 1, 2, 14; id. Trin. 4, 3, 46; id. Truc. 1, 2, 75; 3, 1, 17; 4, 4, 34; Lucr. 4, 81; 756; 5, 1203; Prop. 1, 11, 9; 3 (4), 14, 2; 4 (5), 8, 16; Verg. A. 10, 481; Sol. 22 fin.; but in Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2, magis or magi'. Acc. to Serv. Verg. A. 10, 481, Cicero in the Frumentaria wrote: mage condemnatum hominum in judicium adducere non posse), in a higher degree, more completely, more (for the difference between magis, plus, potius, and amplius, v. amplius).—

In gen.

With no qualifying words.

With the addition of the second term of the comparison.

With verbs:

quae (facinora) istaec aetas fugere magis quam sectari solet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 28:

saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 25; id. Pers. 4, 4, 108; 86:

magis honorem tribuere quam salutem accipere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20, 7:

nisi forte magis erit parricida, si qui consularem patrem, quam si quis humilem necarit,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

magis ut consuetudinem servem, quam quod, etc.,

id. Clu. 32, 89.—Repeated:

quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, Laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis, i. e. quo magis,... eo magis,

Verg. G. 3, 309 sq.; cf.:

tam magis illa fremens... quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae,

id. ib. 7, 787 sq.; v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 566.—Magis est, quod or ut, there is greater reason, there is more cause that, etc.:

quamobrem etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem: tamen etiam rogo, etc.,

Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:

magis est, ut ipse moleste ferat, errasse se, quam ut, etc.,

id. Cael. 6, 14.—

With substt., usu. with quam: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69: bellipotentes sunt magi' quam sapientipotentes, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 56, 116 (Ann. v. 188 Vahl.):

umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

magis adeo id facilitate quam alia ulla culpa mea contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

aditus ad consulatum non magis nobilitati quam virtuti pateret,

id. Mur. 8, 17:

magis ratione et consilio quam virtute vicisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8; cf.:

ut magis virtute quam dolo contenderent,

id. ib. 1, 13, 6:

se magis consuetudine sua quam merito eorum civitatem conservaturum,

id. ib. 2, 32, 1:

timori magis quam religioni consulere,

id. B. C. 1, 67, 3:

jus bonumque apud eos non legibus magis quam natura valebat,

Sall. C. 9, 1:

non duces magis quam milites callent (obsistere, etc.),

Curt. 3, 2, 14.—And after negatives: non magis quam, as little as:

in dicendo irasci, dolere... non sunt figurae, non magis quam suadere,

Quint. 9, 1, 23:

Romanos nec magis jam dolo capi quam armis vinci posse,

Liv. 10, 4, 10:

pro certo habens non magis Antonio eripi se quam Caesari Brutum posse,

Sen. Suas. 6, 17:

non magis Alexandri saevitiam quam Bessi parricidium ferre potuisse,

Curt. 7, 6, 15; cf.:

nec magis post proelium quam in proelio caedibus temperatum est,

Liv. 2, 16, 9. —Followed by atque instead of quam (rare):

non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 15.— With the comp. abl. (rare):

quid philosophia magis colendum?

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

quanto magis Aliensi die Aliam ipsam reformidaturos?

Liv. 6, 28, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.:

quam Juno fertur terris magis omnibus unam... coluisse,

Verg. A. 1, 15 (cf. B. 3. infra):

Albanum sive Falernum Te magis appositis delectat,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 17.—

With pronn.:

quid habetis, qui mage immortales vos credam esse quam ego siem?

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 64:

quis homo sit magis meus quam tu es?

id. Mil. 3, 1, 20:

quam mage amo quam matrem meam,

id. Truc. 3, 1, 17; cf.:

quem ego ecastor mage amo quam me,

id. ib. 4, 4, 34.—With utrum, followed by an:

jam scibo, utrum haec me mage amet, an marsupium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 35.—With the abl. instead of quam:

nec magis hac infra quicquam est in corpore nostro,

Lucr. 3, 274; Verg. A. 1, 15.—

With adjj. and advv., and esp. with those which do not admit the comparative termination (most freq. without adding the second term of the comparison; v. under b. d): numquam potuisti mihi Magis opportunus advenire quam advenis, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 47:

neque lac lacti magis est simile, quam ille ego similis est mei,

id. Am. 2, 1, 54:

ars magis magna atque uber, quam difficilis et obscura,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 190:

corpora magna magis quam firma,

Liv. 5, 44, 4:

vultu pulchro magis quam venusto,

Suet. Ner. 51.—With the abl., Plaut. As. 3, 3, 114:

neque ego hoc homine quemquam vidi magis malum,

id. Ps. 4, 1, 27:

ab secundis rebus magis etiam solito incauti,

Liv. 5, 44, 6.—With compp. (adding to their force):

ita fustibus sum mollior miser magis quam ullus cinaedus,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 8. —

Without the addition of the second term.

With verbs: ergo plusque magisque viri nunc gloria claret, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 315 Vahl.):

sapiunt magis,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 4:

magis curae est, magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 10, 3:

magis metuant,

id. Mil. 5, 44:

tum magis id diceres, Fanni, si, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 7 fin.; cf. id. Rep. 1, 40, 62:

cum Pompeius ita contendisset, ut nihil umquam magis,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20:

magis velle, for malle: quod magis vellem evenire,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 1; Val. Fl. 3, 270.—

With substt.: non ex jure manum consertum sed magi' ferro, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 276 Vahl.):

magis aedilis fieri non potuisset,

better, finer, Cic. Planc. 24, 60.—

With pronn.:

ecastor neminem hodie mage Amat corde atque animo suo,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 75.—

With adjj. and advv. (so most freq.).—With adjj.:

ut quadam magis necessaria ratione recte sit vivendum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:

magis anxius,

Ov. M. 1, 182:

hic magis tranquillu'st,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 55:

nihil videtur mundius, nec magis compositum quicquam, nec magis elegans,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 12:

nemo fuit magis severus nec magis continens,

id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

quod est magis verisimile,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6:

magis admirabilis oratio,

Quint. 8, 3, 24:

magis communia verba,

id. 8, 2, 24 et saep.; rare: magis quam in aliis = praeter ceteros;

nescio quo pacto magis quam in aliis suum cuique pulchrum est,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 22, 63.— With advv.:

magis aperte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 30:

magis impense,

id. ib. 5, 9, 36.—With compp. adding to their force:

magis est dulcius,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 22:

magis majores nugae,

id. Men. prol. 55:

magis modum in majorem,

id. Am. 1, 1, 145:

contentiores mage erunt,

id. Poen. 2, 15.—

Strengthened.

By etiam, multo, tanto, eo, hoc, quo, tam, quam; and negatively, nihilo:

qualis in dicendo Hierocles Alabandeus, magis etiam Menecles, frater ejus, fuit,

Cic. Brut. 95, 325; id. Off. 1, 21, 72:

illud ad me, ac multo etiam magis ad vos,

id. de Or. 2, 32, 139:

tanto magis Dic, quis est?

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 28:

ut quidque magis contemplor, tanto magis placet,

id. Most. 3, 2, 146:

vicina cacumina caelo, quam sint magis, tanto magis fument,

Lucr. 6, 460:

quanto ille plura miscebat, tanto hic magis in dies convalescebat,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25:

sed eo magis cauto est Opus, ne huc exeat, qui, etc.,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 22:

atque eo magis, si, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 1:

eoque magis quod, etc.,

id. Lael. 2, 7; Caes. B. G. 1, 23; 1, 47; 3, 14;

5, 1: immo vero etiam hoc magis, quam illi veteres, quod, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 2, 35, 97:

hoc vero magis properare Varro, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20:

quo magis cogito ego cum meo animo,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 13; Nep. Thras. 2:

magis quam id reputo, tam magis uror,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 5:

tam magis illa fremens... Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. A. 7, 787:

quanto mage... tam magis,

Lucr. 4, 81 sq.:

quam magis in pectore meo foveo, quas meus filius turbas turbet... magis curae est magisque afformido, ne, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 1; 4, 4, 27; id. Men. 1, 1, 19:

quam magis te in altum capessis, tam aestus te in portum refert,

id. As. 1, 3, 6:

densior hinc suboles Quam magis, etc.,

Verg. G. 3, 309:

cum Vercingetorix nihilo magis in aequum locum descenderet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 53.—

By reduplication: magis magisque, magis et magis, magis ac magis; and poet. also, magis magis, more and more: ex desiderio magis magisque maceror, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 182 P.:

cum cotidie magis magisque perditi homines tectis ac templis urbis minarentur,

Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 5; id. Fam. 2, 18, 2; 16, 21, 2; Sall. C. 5, 7; cf. Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 2:

de Graecia cotidie magis et magis cogito,

Cic. Att. 14, 18, 4; 16, 3, 1; id. Brut. 90, 308; Liv. 7, 32, 6; Sall. J. 8, 6:

magis deinde ac magis,

Suet. Vit. 10:

post hoc magis ac magis,

id. Gram. 3;

for which also: magisque ac magis deinceps,

id. Tit. 3; Tac. A. 14, 8; Sen. de Ira, 3, 1, 4; id. Ep. 114, 25; id. Ben. 2, 14, 4; Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 10; 7, 3, 4; 10, 28, 3.— Poet. also:

magis atque magis,

Verg. A. 12, 239; Cat. 68, 48:

post, vento crescente, magis magis increbescunt,

id. 64, 275; cf. Verg. G. 4, 311.—

Pleon.

With potius (anteclass.):

magis decorum'st Libertum potius quam patronum onus in via portare,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 99:

mihi magis lubet cum probis potius quam cum improbis vivere,

id. Trin. 2, 1, 38.—

With malle: quam cum lego, nihil malo quam has res relinquere;

his vero auditis multo magis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 76:

finge enim malle eum magis suum consequi quam, etc.,

Dig. 17, 2, 52, § 10. —

In partic.: non (neque) magis quam.

To signify perfect equality between two enunciations, no more... than; just as much... as; or neg., no more... than; just as little... as:

domus erat non domino magis ornamento quam civitati,

i. e. just as much to the city as to its owner, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2:

non Hannibale magis victo a se quam Q. Fabio,

Liv. 22, 27, 2:

conficior enim maerore, mea Terentia, nec me meae miseriae magis excruciant quam tuae vestraeque,

Cic. Fam. 13, 3, 1; Liv. 9, 22.— Neg.: qui est enim animus in aliquo morbo... non magis est sanus, quam id corpus, quod in morbo est, i. e. is just as far from being sound as a body, etc., Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 10:

si aliqua in re Verris similis fuero, non magis mihi deerit inimicus quam Verri defuit,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 162; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; id. de Or. 2, 8, 31:

non nascitur itaque ex malo bonum, non magis quam ficus ex olea,

Sen. Ep. 87, 25;

Quint. prooem. § 26: non magis Gaium imperaturum, quam per Baianum sinum equis discursurum,

Suet. Calig. 19. —Ellipt.:

nec eo magis lege liberi sunto,

just as little from that as from the rest, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11.—

For restricting the idea expressed in the clause with non magis, so that not more, according to a common figure of speech, = less; in Engl. not so much... as; less... than:

deinde credas mihi affirmanti velim, me hoc non pro Lysone magis quam pro omnibus scribere,

Cic. Fam. 13, 24; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17:

miserebat non poenae magis homines, quam sceleris, quo poenam meriti essent,

Liv. 2, 5; 1, 28.—

Magis minusve, magis aut minus, or magis ac minus; post-Aug. for the usual plus minusve, more or less:

sed istud magis minusve vitiosum est pro personis dicentium,

Quint. 11, 1, 27; Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 220:

minora vero plerumque sunt talia, ut pro persona, tempore, loco, causa magis ac minus vel excusata debeant videri vel reprehendenda,

Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 37, 5, 18, § 67:

quaedam tamen et nationibus puto magis aut minus convenire,

Sen. Ep. 40, 11; cf.:

quosdam minus aut magis osos veritatem,

id. Suas. 1, 5:

aut minus, aut magis,

id. Ep. 82, 14.—

With alius... alio, etc.: ceterae philosophorum disciplinae, omnino alia magis alia, sed tamen omnes, one more than another, i. e. in different degrees, Cic. Fin. 3, 3, 11 Madvig. ad loc. (al.:

alia magis, alia minus, v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 560): mihi videntur omnes quidem illi errasse... sed alius alio magis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43:

sunt omnino omnes fere similes, sed declarant communis notiones, alia magis alia,

id. Tusc. 4, 24, 53:

alii aliis magis recusare,

Liv. 29, 15, 11.— Sup.: maxĭmē( maxŭmē), in the highest degree, most of all, most particularly, especially, exceedingly, very, etc.

Lit.

Alone.

With a verb:

haec una res in omni libero populo maximeque in pacatis tranquillisque civitatibus praecipue semper floruit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

quid commemorem primum aut laudem maxime?

Ter. Eun. 5, 9, 14; 3, 1, 79:

nos coluit maxime,

id. Ad. 3, 2, 54:

quem convenire maxime cupiebam,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 30; id. As. 3, 3, 133:

de te audiebamus ea, quae maxime vellemus,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 7; cf. id. Att. 13, 1:

extra quos (fines) egredi non possim, si maxime velim,

id. Quint. 10, 35:

in re publica maxime conservanda sunt jura belli,

most especially, id. Off. 1, 11, 33: huic legioni Caesar propter virtutem confidebat maxime, [p. 1101] Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

quem Homero crederet maxime accedere,

came nearest to, Quint. 10, 1, 86; cf.

pugnare,

most violently, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 271; 1, 1, 44:

jubere,

most positively, id. Bacch. 4, 9, 80:

id enim est profecto, quod constituta religione rem publicam contineat maxime,

Cic. Leg. 2, 27, 69; cf. maxime fin.:

ab eo exordiri volui maxime,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

cernere naturae vim maxime,

id. Tusc. 1, 15, 35.—

With an adj.:

res maxime necessaria,

Cic. Lael. 23, 86:

loca maxime frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

loci ad hoc maxime idonei,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

maxime naturali carent amicitia,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

maxime feri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

qui eo tempore maxime plebi acceptus erat,

id. ib. 1, 3:

idem ad augendam eloquentiam maxime accommodati erunt,

Quint. 1, 11, 13:

elegans maxime auctor,

id. 10, 1, 93:

maxime vero commune est quaerere, an sit honesta? etc.,

id. 2, 4, 37:

noto enim maxime utar exemplo,

id. 7, 3, 3.—So with supp.:

quae maxime liberalissima,

Cic. Att. 12, 38, 3:

maxime gravissimam omniumque (rerum),

Liv. 41, 23, 4 MS. (dub.: maxumam gravissimamque, Weissenb.). —

With numerals, at most:

puer ad annos maxime natus octo,

Gell. 17, 8, 4.—

With an adv.:

ut dicatis quam maxime ad veritatem accommodate,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 149 (v. infra 2).—

Strengthened by unus, unus omnium, omnium, multo, vel, tam, quam, etc. (supply potest):

qui proelium unus maxime accenderat,

Curt. 5, 2, 5:

cum sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret,

Nep. Milt. 1, 1:

quae maxime omnium belli avida,

Liv. 23, 49; 4, 59; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 36, 19, 4:

atque ea res multo maxime disjunxit illum ab illa,

Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 85:

imperium populi Romani multo maxime miserabile visum est,

Sall. C. 36, 4:

illud mihi videtur vel maxime confirmare, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 65, 162:

hoc enim uno praestamus vel maxime feris,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

quae quidem vel maxime suspicionem movent,

id. Part. Or. 33, 114:

quam potes, tam verba confer maxime ad compendium,

as much as possible, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 186:

ego jubeo quam maxime unam facere nos hanc familiam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 2:

ut quam maxime permaneant diuturna corpora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

quo mihi rectius videtur, memoriam nostri quam maxime longam efficere,

Sall. C. 1, 3:

ceterum illum juvenem incipere a quam maxime facili ac favorabili causa velim,

Quint. 12, 6, 6.—

With the relative qui in the phrases, quam qui maxime and ut qui maxime:

tam enim sum amicus rei publicae, quam qui maxime,

as any one whatever, Cic. Fam. 5, 2, 6:

grata ea res, ut quae maxime senatui umquam fuit,

Liv. 5, 25; 7, 33.—

With ut quisque... ita (maxime, potissimum or minime), the more... the more (or less):

hoc maxime officii est, ut quisque maxime opis indigeat, ita ei potissimum opitulari,

Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49:

ut quisque magnitudine animae maxime excellit, ita maxime, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 19, 64; cf.

, in the contrary order: colendum autem esse ita quemque maxime, ut quisque maxime virtutibus his lenioribus erit ornatus,

id. ib. 1, 15, 47:

ut enim quisque maxime ad suum commodum refert, quaecumque agit, ita minime est vir bonus,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 49.—

In gradations, to denote the first and most desirable, first of all, in the first place:

hujus industriam maxime quidem vellem, ut imitarentur ii, quos oportebat: secundo autem loco, ne alterius labori inviderent,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf. id. Caecin. 9, 23:

si per eum reductus insidiose redissem, me scilicet maxime sed proxime illum quoque fefellissem,

id. Rab. Post. 12, 33:

in quo genere sunt maxime oves, deinde caprae,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 1:

maxime... dein,

Plin. 9, 16, 23, § 56:

sed vitem maxime populus videtur alere, deinde ulmus, post etiam fraxinus,

Col. 5, 6, 4:

maxime... deinde... postea... minume,

Plin. 37, 12, 75, § 196:

maxime... postea... ultimae,

Col. 6, 3, 6:

post Chium maxime laudatur Creticum, mox Aegyptium,

Plin. 18, 7, 17, § 77.—

Transf.

Like potissimum, to give prominence to an idea, especially, particularly, principally:

quae ratio poetas, maximeque Homerum impulit, ut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 6, 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 51, 1:

scribe aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit,

Cic. Att. 7, 12, 4: de Cocceio et Libone quae scribis, approbo:

maxime quod de judicatu meo,

id. ib. 12, 19, 2; id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:

cognoscat etiam rerum gestarum et memoriae veteris ordinem, maxime scilicet nostrae civitatis,

id. Or. 34, 120; id. Att. 13, 1, 2.—So in the connection, cum... tum maxime; tum... tum maxime; ut... tum maxime, but more especially:

scio et perspexi saepe: cum antehac, tum hodie maxime,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 56:

plena exemplorum est nostra res publica, cum saepe, tum maxime bello Punico secundo,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 47; id. Att. 11, 6, 1; id. Fl. 38, 94:

tum exercitationibus crebris atque magnis, tum scribendo maxime persequatur,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 96:

longius autem procedens, ut in ceteris eloquentiae partibus, tum maxime, etc.,

id. Brut. 93, 320.— With nunc, nuper, tum, cum, just, precisely, exactly: Me. Quid? vostrum patri Filii quot eratis? M. Su. Ut nunc maxime memini, duo, just now, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 58:

cum iis, quos nuper maxime liberaverat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9:

ipse tum maxime admoto igne refovebat artus,

Curt. 8, 4, 25; 6, 6, 10; 5, 7, 2; Liv. 27, 4, 2 Drak.:

haec cum maxime loqueretur, sex lictores eum circumsistunt valentissimi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 76, § 187;

2, 4, 38, § 72: totius autem injustitiae nulla capitalior, quam eorum, qui cum maxime fallunt, id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41; Liv. 4, 3; 30, 33:

tum cum maxime,

at that precise time, at that moment, Liv. 40, 13, 4; 40, 32, 1; 33, 9, 3; 43, 7, 8; so,

tunc cum maxime,

Curt. 3, 2, 17:

nunc cum maxime,

Cic. Clu. 5, 12; id. Sen. 11, 38; Liv. 29, 17, 7; v. 2. cum.—

In colloquial lang., to denote emphatic assent, certainly, by all means, very well, yes; and with immo, to express emphatic dissent, certainly not, by no means: Ar. Jace, pater, talos, ut porro nos jaciamus. De. Maxime, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 54; id. Curc. 2, 3, 36: Th. Nisi quid magis Es occupatus, operam mihi da. Si. Maxime, id. Most. 4, 3, 17; Ter. And. 4, 5, 23: Ca. Numquid peccatum est, Simo? Si. Immo maxime, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 80; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 31:

scilicet res ipsa aspera est, sed vos non timetis eam. Immo vero maxime,

Sall. C. 52, 28 (v. immo); v. Hand, Turs. III. p. 552-607.