păter

A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

Quint. 1, 5, 61.

The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.

In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.

Short a is changed,

, into long a —

In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,

In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).

In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)

Short a is changed into é or ē—

Into é.

Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).

Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.

In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).

Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).

Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)

before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —

Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).

ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.

Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.

In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.

Short a is changed into short or long o.

Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).

Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).

Short a is changed into ŭ —

In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).

In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.

ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).

Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.

Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.

Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)

Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.

The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).

Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.

ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.

The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.

In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.

ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.

The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.

Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.

In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.

Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).

Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—

Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.

Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.

Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.

Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.

Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.

Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.

Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.

As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

so also A. A. A.,

ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.

a, prep.=ab, v. ab.

ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

āio, verb. defect. The forms in use are: pres. indic. āio, ăis, ait—aiunt; subj. aias, aiat—aiant; imperf. indic. throughout, aiebam, aiebas, etc.; imper. ai, rare; part. pres. aiens, rare; once in App. M. 6, p. 178 Elm.; and once as P. a. in Cic. Top. 11, 49, v. below. Cic. wrote the pres. aiio, acc. to Quint. 1, 4, 11.—From ais with the interrog. part. ne, ain is used in colloquial language. For imperf. also aibas, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 28; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 22:

aibat,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 33; 5, 2, 16:

aibant,

id. ib. 1, 2, 175; 4, 2, 102; Ter. And. 3, 3, 3; ai is dissyl., but in the imper. also monosyl., Plaut. Truc. 5, 49; cf. Bentl. ad Ter. Ad. 4, 6, 5. Acc. to Prisc. 818 P., the pres. ait seems to take the place of a perf., but acc. to Val. Prob. 1482 P., there was a real perf. ai, aisti, ait;

as aisti,

Aug. Ep. 54 and 174:

aierunt,

Tert. Fuga in Persec. 6; the pres. inf. aiere is found in Aug. Trin. 9, 10 [cf. êmi = I say; Sanscr. perf. 3d sing. āha = he spake; ad ag ium, ad ag io; negare for ne ig are; Umbr. ai tu = dicito; Engl. aye = yea, yes, and Germ. ja], to say yes, to assent (opp. nego, to say no; with the ending - tumo, aiutumo; contract. autumo; opp. negumo; v. autumo).

In gen.: vel ai vel nega, Naev. ap. Prisc. 473 P.:

veltu mihi aias vel neges,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 14:

negat quis? nego. Ait? aio,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 21:

Diogenes ait, Antipater negat,

Cic. Off. 3, 23:

quasi ego id curem, quid ille aiat aut neget,

id. Fin. 2, 22; so id. Rab. Post. 12, 34.—

Esp.

To say, affirm, or assert something (while dicere signifies to speak in order to inform, and affirmare, to speak in affirmation, Doed. Syn. 4, 6 sq.—Therefore different from inquam, I say, I reply, since aio is commonly used in indirect, and inquam in direct discourse; cf. Doed. as cited above; Herz. ad Sall. C. 48, 3; and Ramsh. Gr. 800).

In indirect discourse: insanam autem illam (sc. esse) aiunt, quia, etc., Pac. ap. Cic. Her. 2, 23, 36; Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 3: Ch. Hodie uxorem ducis? Pa. Aiunt, they say so, id. ib. 2, 1, 21:

ait hac laetitiā Deiotarum elatum vino se obruisse,

Cic. Deiot. 9:

debere eum aiebat, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18:

Tarquinium a Cicerone immissum aiebant,

Sall. C. 48, 8:

Vos sapere et solos aio bene vivere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 45; id. S. 1, 2, 121; id. Ep. 1, 1, 88; 1, 7, 22.—

In direct discourse: Ennio delector, ait quispiam, quod non discedit a communi more verborum;

Pacuvio, inquit alius,

Cic. Or. 11, 36:

Vos o, quibus integer aevi Sanguis, ait, solidaeque, etc.,

Verg. A. 2, 639; 6, 630; 7, 121;

12, 156: O fortunati mercatores! gravis annis Miles ait,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 4; id. Ep. 1, 15, 40; 1, 16, 47; id. S. 2, 7, 72; 1, 3, 22.—

With acc.:

Causa optumast, Nisi quid pater ait aliud,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 47:

Admirans ait haec,

Cat. 5, 3, 4; 63, 84:

Haec ait,

Verg. A. 1, 297; v. B.—

Simply to speak, and esp. in the form of transition, sic ait, thus he speaks or says (cf. the Hom. hôs phato):

Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat,

Verg. A. 1, 142; 5, 365; 9, 749.—

Also of what follows: Sic ait in molli fixa toro cubitum: “Tandem,” etc.,

Prop. 1, 3, 34.—

Ut ait quispiam (regularly in this order in Cic.), in quoting an unusual expression, as one says:

ut ait Statius noster in Synephebis,

Cic. Sen. 7:

ut ait Homerus,

id. ib. 10:

ut ait Theophrastus,

id. Tusc. 1, 19, 45:

ut ait Thucydides,

Nep. Them. 2:

ut ait Cicero,

Quint. 7, 1, 51; 8, 6, 73; 9, 4, 40;

9, 56, 60: ut Cicero ait,

id. 10, 7, 14; 12, 3, 11:

ut Demosthenes ait,

id. 11, 1, 22:

ut rumor ait,

Prop. 5, 4, 47: uti mos vester ait, Hor S. 2, 7, 79.—So without def. subject:

ut ait in Synephebis,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 14, 31.—

Aiunt, ut aiunt, quemadmodum or quod aiunt, in quoting a proverbial or technical phrase, as they say, as is said, as the saying is (Gr. to legomenon, hôs phasi; Fr. on dit;

Germ. man sagt), either placed after it or interposed: eum rem fidemque perdere aiunt,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 18: ut quimus, aiunt;

quando, ut volumus, non licet,

Ter. And. 4, 5, 10:

docebo sus, ut aiunt, oratorem eum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 57:

Iste claudus, quemadmodum aiunt, pilam,

id. Pis. 28 B. and K. —Also in telling an anecdote:

conspexit, ut aiunt, Adrasum quendam vacuā tonsoris in umbrā,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 49; 1, 17, 18.—

In judic. lang.: ait lex, ait praetor, etc., the law, the prœtor says, i. e. prescribes, commands:

ut ait lex Julia,

Dig. 24, 3, 64:

Praetor ait, in eadem causā eum exhibere, etc.,

ib. 2, 9, 1:

Aiunt aediles, qui mancipia vendunt, etc.,

ib. 21, 1, 1:

Ait oratio, fas esse eum, etc.,

ib. 24, 1, 32 al. —

Ain? = aisne? also often strengthened: ain tu? ain tute? ain tandem? ain vero? in conversational lang., a form of interrogation which includes the idea of surprise or wonder, sometimes also of reproof or sorrow, do you really mean so? indeed? really? is it possible? often only an emphatic what? Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 73: Merc. Servus esne an liber? Sos. Utcumque animo conlibitumst meo. Merc. Ain vero? Sos. Aio enim vero, id. ib. 3, 4, 188; id. Am. 1, 1, 128: Phil. Pater, inquam, aderit jam hic meus. Call. Ain tu, pater? id. Most. 2, 1, 36; id. Ep. 5, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 2, 9; id. Curc. 2, 3, 44; Ter. Hec. 3, 4, 1; id. Eun. 3, 5, 19 al:

Ain tu? Scipio hic Metellus proavum suum nescit censorem non fuisse?

Cic. Att. 6, 1; 4, 5 al.:

ain tute,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 90:

ain tandem ita esse, ut dicis?

id. Aul. 2, 4, 19; so id. As. 5, 2, 47; id. Trin. 4, 2, 145; Ter. And. 5, 3, 4:

ain tandem? insanire tibi videris, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21 Manut.; id. Att. 6, 2.—Also with a plur. verb (cf. age with plur. verb, s. v. ago, IV. a.):

ain tandem? inquit, num castra vallata non habetis?

Liv. 10, 25.—

Quid ais? (as in conversation).—

With the idea of surprise, astonishment, Ti legeis (cf. Quid dixisti? Ter. And. 3, 4, 14; id. Eun. 5, 6, 16, Ti eipas); what do you say? what? Merc. Quis herus est igitur tibi? Sos. Amphitruo, quicum nuptast Alcumena. Merc. Quid ais? Quid nomen tibist? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 208; so Ter. And. 4, 1, 42; id. Heaut. 5, 1, 27.—

When one asks [p. 79] another for his meaning, opinion, or judgment, what do you mean? what do you say or think? Th. Ita me di ament, honestust. Pa. Quid tu ais, Gnatho? Num quid habes, quod contemnas? Quid tu autem, Thraso? Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 21: Hunc ais? Do you mean this man? (= dicis, q. v., II.) Pers. 4, 27.—

When one wishes to try or prove another, what is your opinion? what do you say? Sed quid ais? quid Amphitruoni [dono] a Telebois datumst? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 262.—Hence, * āiens, entis, P. a., affirming, affirmative (usu. affirmativus):

negantia contraria aientibus,

Cic. Top. 11, 49.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

fămĭlĭa, ae (with pater, mater, filius, and filia, the class. gen. sing. is usually in the archaic form familias; familiae also occurs, v. infra; gen.:

familiai,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 203; with the plur. of these words both the sing. and plur. of familia are used:

patres familias, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 43; id. Verr. 2, 3, 51, § 120 al.:

patres familiarum,

Cic. Att. 7, 14, 2; Sall. C. 43, 2; 51, 9, v. infra II. A. b.—On the form patribus familiis for familiae, patrum familiarum, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183; id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48, v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 7), f. [famulus], the slaves in a household, a household establishment, family servants, domestics (not = family, i. e. wife and children, domus, or mei, tui, sui, etc., but v. II. A. 3 infra):

nescio quid male factum a nostra hic familia est... ita senex talos elidi jussit conservis meis,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 11; 17; id. Trin. 2, 1, 28; id. Am. 4, 3, 10:

neque enim dubium est, quin, si ad rem judicandum verbo ducimur, non re, familiam intelligamus, quae constet ex servis pluribus, quin unus homo familia non sit: verbum certe hoc non modo postulat, sed etiam cogit,

Cic. Caecin. 19, 55; cf. Dig. 50, 16, 40, § 3; App. Mag. p. 304:

vilicus familiam exerceat,

Cato, R. R. 5, 2:

familiae male ne sit,

id. ib.:

te familiae interdicere, ut uni dicto audiens esset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 39:

qui emeret eam familiam a Catone,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 6, 5:

cum insimularetur familia societatis ejus,

id. Brut. 22, 85:

conjugum et liberorum et familiarum suarum causa,

id. N. D. 2, 63, 157:

Petreius armat familiam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 75, 2: alienae se familiae venali immiscuisse, Quint. 7, 2, 26:

Aesopus domino solus cum esset familia,

formed the entire establishment, Phaedr. 3, 19, 1.—Of the serfs belonging to a temple:

illi Larini in Martis familia numerantur,

Cic. Clu. 15, 43; cf. of the serfs, vassals of Orgetorix:

die constituta causae dictionis Orgetorix ad judicium omnem suam familiam, ad hominum milia decem undique coëgit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4, 2.

Transf.

With the idea of house predominating.

In gen., a house and all belonging to it, a family estate, family property, fortune: familiae appellatio varie accepta est: nam et in res et in personas deducitur;

in res, ut puta in lege XII. tab. his verbis: AGNATVS PROXIMVS FAMILIAM HABETO,

Dig. 50, 16, 195; so,

SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, GENTILIS FAMILIAM NANCITOR, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Collat. Legg. Mosaic. et Roman. tit. 16, § 4 (cf. agnatus): idcirco qui, quibus verbis erctum cieri oporteat, nesciat, idem erciscundae familiae causam agere non possit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 237; so,

arbitrum familiae erciscundae postulavit,

id. Caecin. 7, 19; cf.:

familiae erciscundae,

Dig. 10, tit. 2:

decem dierum vix mihi est familia,

means of support, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 36 Ruhnk.—

Paterfamilias, materfamilias, etc., or paterfamiliae, materfamiliae, filiusfamilias, etc. (also written separately: pater familiae, mater familiae, etc.), the master of a house in respect to ownership, the proprietor of an estate, head of a family; the mistress of a house, matron; a son or daughter under the father's power, a minor: paterfamilias appellatur, qui in domo dominium habet, recteque hoc nomine appellatur, quamvis filium non habeat;

non enim solam personam ejus, sed et jus demonstramus. Denique et pupillum patremfamilias appellamus,

Dig. 50, 16, 195; cf. Sandars ad Just. Inst. 1, 8 prooem.—

Form familias:

paterfamilias ubi ad villam venit,

Cato, R. R. 2, 1:

paterfamilias,

Cic. Quint. 3, 11; id. Fragm. ap. Non. 497, 19 (Rep. 5, 3 ed. Mos.); Sen. Ben. 4, 27 fin.; Nep. Att. 4; 13 al.; cf., in gen., of a plain, ordinary citizen:

sicut unus paterfamilias his de rebus loquor,

id. de Or. 1, 29, 132; 1, 34, 159.—In plur.:

patresfamilias, qui liberos habent, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 43; 16, 48; id. Verr. 2, 3, 79, § 183 al.:

(Demaratus) cum de matrefamilias Tarquiniensi duo filios procreavisset,

Cic. Rep. 2, 19:

materfamilias,

id. Cael. 13, 32: id. Top. 3, 14; Dig. 50, 16, 46 al.—In plur.:

uxoris duae formae: una matrumfamilias, etc.,

Cic. Top. 3, 14; id. Fam. 5, 10, 1; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62 al.—

In an inverted order: familias matres,

Arn. 4, 152:

illum filium familias patre parco ac tenaci habere tuis copiis devinctum non potes,

Cic. Cael. 15, 36:

filiusfamilias,

Dig. 14, 6, 1 sq. al.:

tu filiafamilias locupletibus filiis ultro contulisti,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 14.—

Form familiae:

ex Amerina disciplina patrisfamiliae rusticani,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 41, 120; so,

pater familiae,

Caes. B. G. 6, 19, 3; Liv. 1, 45, 4; Sen. Ep. 47 med.; Tac. Or. 22 al.: familiae mater, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll.—In plur.:

pauci milites patresque familiae,

Caes. B. C. 2, 44, 1; Gracch. ap. Charis. p. 83 P.: Liv. 5, 30 fin.:

matrem familiae tuam purpureum amiculum habere non sines?

Liv. 34, 7, 3:

mater familiae,

id. 39, 53, 3; Tert. Verg. Vel. 11.— In plur.: matresfamiliae, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 83 P.; Caes. B. G. 1, 50, 4; 7, 26, 3; 7, 47, 5; id. B. C. 2, 4, 3.—

In gen. plur.: civium Romanorum quidam sunt patresfamiliarum, alii filiifamiliarum, quaedam matresfamiliarum, quaedam filiaefamiliarum. Patresfamiliarum sunt, qui sunt suae potestatis, sive puberes sive impuberes;

simili modo matresfamiliarum, filii vero et filiaefamiliarum, qui sunt in aliena potestate,

Dig. 1, 6, 4: patresfamiliarum, Sisenn. ap. Varr. L. L. 8, § 73 Müll.; Suet. Calig. 26 fin.:

matresfamiliarum,

Sall. C. 51, 9:

filiifamiliarum,

id. ib. 43, 2; Tac. A. 3, 8; 11, 13:

filiaefamiliarum,

Dig. 14, 6, 9, § 2:

patrumfamiliarum,

ib. 50, 16, 195.—

In respect to relationship, a family, as part of a gens:

addere nostrae lepidam famam familiae,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 98:

sororem despondere in fortem familiam,

id. ib. 5, 2, 9: item appellatur familia plurium personarum, quae ab ejusdem ultimi genitoris sanguine proficiscuntur, sicuti dicimus familiam Juliam. Mulier autem familiae [p. 724] suae et caput et finis est, Dig. 50, 16, 195 fin.:

qua in familia laus aliqua forte floruerit, hanc fere, qui sunt ejusdem stirpis, cupidissime persequuntur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2: EX EA FAMILIA... IN EAM FAMILIAM, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Dig. 50, 16, 195:

commune dedecus familiae, cognationis, nominis,

Cic. Clu. 6, 16:

Laeliorum et Muciorum familiae,

id. Brut. 72, 252; id. Off. 2, 12 fin.:

nobilissima in familia natus,

id. Rep. 1, 19:

ex familia vetere et illustri,

id. Mur. 8, 17:

primus in eam familiam attulit consulatum,

id. Phil. 9, 2, 4:

hospes familiae vestrae,

id. Lael. 11, 37:

Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignavia,

Sall. J. 95, 3 et saep.—

Transf.:

libros, qui falso viderentur inscripti, tamquam subditicios, summovere familiā, permiserunt sibi,

Quint. 1, 4, 3.—

In gen., a family, the members of a household, = domus (rare):

salutem dicit Toxilo Timarchides et familiae omni,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 32:

si haec non nubat, fame familia pereat,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 46:

ne pateretur Philippi domus et familiae inimicissimos stirpem interimere,

Nep. Eum. 6, 3.—

A company, sect, school, troop (rare but class.):

cum universi in te impetum fecissent, tum singulae familiae litem tibi intenderent,

Cic. de Or. 1, 10 42:

familia tota Peripateticorum,

id. Div. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

Aristoteles, Xenocrates, tota illa familia,

id. Fin. 4, 18, 49:

familiae dissentientes inter se,

id. de Or. 3, 16, 21:

familia gladiatorum... familia Fausti,

id. Sull. 19, 54:

lanistarum,

Suet. Aug. 42: tironum, a company of young soldiers, Cod. Th. 10, 1; Amm. 20, 4 med.—A troop or company of players, Plaut. Men. prol. 74.—

Ducere familiam, in gen., to lead a company, i. e. to be at the head, be the first:

Lucius quidem, frater ejus, familiam ducit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 30; cf.:

accedit etiam, quod familiam ducit in jure civili, singularis memoria summa scientia,

id. Fam. 7, 5, 3:

gravissima illa vestra sententia, quae familiam ducit,

id. Fin. 4, 16, 45.

pā̆tro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [etym. dub.; prob. from root pat- of pateo, q. v.; cf. Gr. patos], to bring to pass, execute, perform, achieve, accomplish, bring about, effect, finish, conclude (rarely used by Cic., by Cæs. not at all; syn.: conficio, perago, perpetro).

In gen.:

ubi sementim patraveris,

Cato, R. R. 54:

conata,

Lucr. 5, 385:

operibus patratis,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

promissa,

id. Att. 1, 14, 7:

bellum,

to bring the war to an end, Sall. J. 75, 2; Vell. 2, 79, 3; 123; Tac. A. 2, 26; Flor. 2, 15, 1; cf. Quint. 8, 3, 44:

incepta,

Sall. J. 70, 5:

facinus,

id. C. 18, 8; Liv. 23, 8 fin.:

consilia,

Sall. J 13, 5:

cuncta,

id. C. 53, 4:

pacem,

to conclude a peace, Liv. 44, 25:

jusjurandum, as pater patratus (v. infra),

to pronounce the customary form of oath in making a treaty, id. 1, 24, 6:

jussa,

to execute, Tac. H. 4, 83:

patrata victoria,

obtained, gained, id. A. 13, 41 fin.:

patrati remedii gloria,

the glory of the effected cure, id. H. 4, 81 multas mortes jussu Messalinae patratas, id. A. 11, 28.—

In partic., in mal. part.: patranti fractus ocello. i. e. with a lascivious eye, Pers. 1, 18:

sunt lusci oculi atque patrantes,

Anthol. Lat. 3, 160, 3. (Cf., respecting the accessory notion of patrare, Quint. 8, 3, 44.)— Part. perf.: pā̆trātus, act. (as if from patror, āri), in the phrase pater patratus, the fetial priest, who ratified a treaty with religious rites: pater patratus ad jusjurandum patrandum, id est sanciendum fit foedus, Liv 1, 24, 6; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 53; 10, 14; 12, 206.

quartus, a, um, num. adj. [for quatertus from quattuor, kindr. with Gr. tetWartos and Sanscr. caturtha, the fourth], the fourth:

perfidia, et peculatus ex urbe et avaritiā si exsulant, quarta invidia, quinta ambitio,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 7:

pars copiarum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

quartus ab Arcesilā,

the fourth from Arcesilas, Cic. Ac. 2, 6:

pater, i. e. abavus,

Verg. A. 10, 619:

quartus decimus,

the fourteenth, Tac. A. 13, 15: die quarto, on the fourth day, four days ago: nuper die quarto, ut recordor, Cn. Matius ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10.—In the future, four days hence, in the ante-class. form, die quarte (al. quarti): die quarte moriar fame, Pompon. ap. Gell. 10, 24, 5.—

Subst.

quarta, ae, f. (sc. pars), a fourth part, a quarter, esp. of an estate, Quint. 8, 5, 19; so Dig. 5, 2, 8; 5, 4, 3.—

quartum, i, n., in econom. lang., the fourth grain:

nam frumenta majore parte Italiae quando cum quarto responderint vix meminisse possumus,

i. e. yielded a harvest of four for one, Col. 3, 3, 4.—

quartum, for the fourth time (class.): Quintus pater quartum fit consul, Enn. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 6 (Ann. v. 293 Vahl.):

eo quartum consule,

Cic. Sen. 4, 10; v. infra:

T. Quinctio quartum consule,

Liv. 3, 67.—

quartō, for the fourth time, the fourth time:

ter conata loqui, ter destitit, ausaque quarto,

Ov. F. 2, 823:

quarto Excudit amplexus,

id. M. 9, 51: Caesar dictator tertio, designatus quarto, Auct. B. Hisp. 2 init.; cf.: quarto vel quinto, four or five times, Eutr. 7, 18: aliud est quarto praetorem fieri, et quartum, quod quarto locum assignificat ac tres ante factos, quartum tempus assignificat et ter ante factum. Igitur Ennius recte, qui scripsit: Quintus pater quartum fit consul, Varr. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 6.

quartus, a, um, num. adj. [for quatertus from quattuor, kindr. with Gr. tetWartos and Sanscr. caturtha, the fourth], the fourth:

perfidia, et peculatus ex urbe et avaritiā si exsulant, quarta invidia, quinta ambitio,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 7:

pars copiarum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 12:

quartus ab Arcesilā,

the fourth from Arcesilas, Cic. Ac. 2, 6:

pater, i. e. abavus,

Verg. A. 10, 619:

quartus decimus,

the fourteenth, Tac. A. 13, 15: die quarto, on the fourth day, four days ago: nuper die quarto, ut recordor, Cn. Matius ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10.—In the future, four days hence, in the ante-class. form, die quarte (al. quarti): die quarte moriar fame, Pompon. ap. Gell. 10, 24, 5.—

Subst.

quarta, ae, f. (sc. pars), a fourth part, a quarter, esp. of an estate, Quint. 8, 5, 19; so Dig. 5, 2, 8; 5, 4, 3.—

quartum, i, n., in econom. lang., the fourth grain:

nam frumenta majore parte Italiae quando cum quarto responderint vix meminisse possumus,

i. e. yielded a harvest of four for one, Col. 3, 3, 4.—

quartum, for the fourth time (class.): Quintus pater quartum fit consul, Enn. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 6 (Ann. v. 293 Vahl.):

eo quartum consule,

Cic. Sen. 4, 10; v. infra:

T. Quinctio quartum consule,

Liv. 3, 67.—

quartō, for the fourth time, the fourth time:

ter conata loqui, ter destitit, ausaque quarto,

Ov. F. 2, 823:

quarto Excudit amplexus,

id. M. 9, 51: Caesar dictator tertio, designatus quarto, Auct. B. Hisp. 2 init.; cf.: quarto vel quinto, four or five times, Eutr. 7, 18: aliud est quarto praetorem fieri, et quartum, quod quarto locum assignificat ac tres ante factos, quartum tempus assignificat et ter ante factum. Igitur Ennius recte, qui scripsit: Quintus pater quartum fit consul, Varr. ap. Gell. 10, 1, 6.

sŭus, a, um (old form sos, sa, sum; dat. plur. sis, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 301 Mull.; acc. sas. id. ib. p. 325 ib.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 47; Schol. Pers. 1, 108; sing. sam for suam, Fest. p. 47 Mull.;

so for suo, C. I. L. 5, 2007. In ante-class. verse su- with the following vowel freq. forms one syllable,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 48; id. Ps. 1, 3, 5; Ter. And. 1, 1, 68; Lucr. 1, 1022; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 189 sqq.), pron. poss., 3 d pers. [root SVA-; Sanscr. sva, own; cf. sui; Gr. seWo-, whence sphe, etc., and he; cf. heos], of or belonging to himself, herself, etc.; his own, her own, etc.; his, her, its, their; one ' s; hers, theirs.

Ordinary possessive use his, etc. (cf. the similar use of the pers. pron. sui, q. v.).

With antecedent in the same sentence.

The antecedent a subject-nominative, expressed or understood.

His:

Caesar copias suas divisit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 97:

ille in sua sententia perseverat,

id. ib. 1, 72:

tantam habebat suarum rerum fiduciam,

id. ib. 2, 37:

cum sceleris sui socios Romae reliquisset,

Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 3:

cur ego non ignoscam si anteposuit suam salutem meae?

id. Pis. 32, 79; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Mil. 10, 27; id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:

Hanno praefecturam ejus (i.e. Muttinis) filio suo (Hannonis) dedit,

Liv. 26, 40, 7:

imperat princeps civibus suis,

Sen. Clem. 1, 16, 2:

nemo rem suam emit,

id. Ben. 7, 4, 8.—

Her:

mea Glycerium suos parentes repperit,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 5:

utinam haec ignoraret suum patrem,

id. Phorm. 5, 6, 34:

si nunc facere volt era officium suom,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 72:

ne eadem mulier cum suo conjuge honestissimum adulescentem oppressisse videatur,

Cic. Cael. 32, 78:

si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset,

id. Phil. 13, 16, 32.—

Its:

omne animal, simul et ortum est, et se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

cum mea domus ardore suo deflagrationem Italiae toti minaretur,

id. Planc. 40, 95.—

Their: (legiones) si consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt Cic. Phil. 5, 2, 4:

mittent aliquem de suo numero,

id. ib. 11, 10, 25:

rationem illi sententiae suae non fere reddebant,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:

qui agellos suos redimere a piratis solebant,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 37, § 85:

edicunt ut ad suum vestitum senatores redirent,

id. Sest. 14, 32:

suis finibus eos prohibent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: Allobrogibus sese persuasuros existimabant ut per suos (Allobrogum) fines eos (Helvetios) ire paterentur, id. id. 1, 6;

and distributively: ac naves onerariae LXIII. in portu expugnatae, quaedam cum suis oneribus, frumento, armis, aere, etc.,

some with their several cargoes, Liv. 26, 47, 9.—

With a subject-clause as antecedent:

id sua sponte apparebat tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,

was selfevident, Liv. 22, 38, 13:

ad id quod sua sponte satis collectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

id. 3, 62, 1:

secutum tamen sua sponte est ut vilior ob ea regi Hannibal et suspectior fieret,

id. 35, 14, 4. —

With subject-acc. as antecedent:

hanc dicam Athenis advenisse cum aliquo amatore suo, Plant. Mil. 2, 2, 86: doceo gratissimum esse in sua tribu Plancium,

Cic. Planc. 19, 47:

cupio eum suae causae confidere,

id. Sest. 64, 135:

suspicari debuit (Milo), eum (Clodium) ad villam suam (Clodii) deversurum,

id. Mil. 19, 51: Medeam praedicant in fuga fratris sui membra dissipavisse, id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 22:

(dixit) Caesarem pro sua dignitate debere et studium et iracundiam suam reipublicae dimittere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

With object-acc. as antecedent.

Suus being an adjunct of the subject (generally rendered in Engl. by a pass. constr.):

hunc pater suus de templo deduxit,

he was taken from the temple by his father, Cic. Inv. 2, 17, 52:

hunc sui cives e civitate ejecerunt,

id. Sest. 68, 142:

Alexandrum uxor sua... occidit,

id. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

illum ulciscentur mores sui,

id. Att. 9, 12, 2:

quodsi quem natura sua... forte deficiet,

id. Or. 1, 14:

utrumque regem sua multitudo consalutaverat,

Liv. 1, 7, 1:

quas (urbes) sua virtus ac dii juvent, magnas sibi opes facere,

id. 1, 9, 3; 1, 7, 15; 6, 33, 5:

quos nec sua conscientia impulerit, nec, etc.,

id. 26, 33, 3; 25, 14, 7:

consulem C. Marium servus suus interemit,

Val. Max. 6, 8, 2:

quis non Vedium Pollionem pejus oderat quam servi sui?

Sen. Clem. 1, 18, 2:

sera dies sit qua illum gens sua caelo adserat,

id. Cons. Poll. 12 (31), 5.—With the antecedent understood from the principal sentence:

ita forma simili pueri ut mater sua internoscere (sc. eos) non posset,

Plaut. Men. prol. 19; and with suus as adjunct both of the subject and of the antecedent: jubet salvere suos vir uxorem suam, id. merc. 4, 3, 11. —

With impers. verbs:

sunt homines, quos libidinis infamiaeque suae neque pudeat neque taedeat,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12, 35:

video fore ut inimicos tuos poeniteat intemperantiae suae,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

si Caesarem beneficii sui poeniteret,

id. Lig. 10, 29; so id. Agr. 2, 11, 26:

jam ne nobilitatis quidem suae plebejos poenitere,

Liv. 10, 7, 8:

militem jam minus virtutis poenitere suae,

id. 22, 12, 10.—

As adjunct of other members of the sentence:

ad parentes suos ducas Silenium,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86. nam is illius filiam conicit in navem clam matrem suam (i.e. filiae), id. Mil. 2, 1, 34:

eosdem ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris, aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis,

Cic. Phil. 13, 17, 34:

totum enim ex sua patria sustulisti,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 127; id. Or. 3, 32, 126: quem (Hammonium) tibi etiam suo nomine ( on his own account) commendo... itaque peto a te ut ejus procuratorem et ipsum suo nomine diligas, id. Fam. 13, 21, 2:

Caesar Fabium in sua remittit hiberna,

Caes. B. G. 5, 33; id. B. C. 3, 24:

introire ad Ciceronem, et domi suae imparatum confodere,

Sall. C. 28, 1:

suis flammis delete Fidenas,

i. e. the flames kindled by the Fidenates, Liv. 4, 33, 5:

suo igni involvit hostes,

Tac. A. 14, 30:

quid Caesarem in sua fata inmisit?

Sen. Ep. 94, 65; id. Q. N. 1, praef. 7; cf.

with antecedent supplied from preceding sentence: non destiti rogare et petere (sc. Brutum) mea causa, suadere et hortari sua,

Cic. Att. 6, 2, 7.—

With dat. as antecedent.

As adjunct of subject (cf. 4. supra):

suus rex reginae placet,

a queen likes her own king, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 76:

ei nunc alia ducenda'st domum, sua cognata Lemniensis,

id. Cist. 1, 1, 101:

Autronio nonne sodales, non collegae sui... defuerunt?

Cic. Sull. 2, 7:

si ceteris facta sua recte prosunt,

id. Cat. 3, 12, 27:

cui non magistri sui atque doctores, cui non... locus ipse... in mente versetur?

id. Planc. 33, 81:

haec omnia plane... Siculis erepta sunt: primum suae leges, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33:

Romanis multitudo sua auxit animum,

Liv. 21, 50, 4:

sicuti populo Romano sua fortuna labet,

id. 42, 50, 7:

Lanuvinis sacra sua reddita,

id. 8, 14, 2:

vilitas sua illis detrahit pretium,

Sen. Ben. 4, 29, 2:

nemo est cui felicitas sua satisfaciat,

id. Ep. 115, 17:

labor illi suus restitutus est,

id. Brev. Vit. 20, 3:

magnitudo sua singulis constat,

id. Q. N. 1, 1, 10:

tantum sapienti sua, quantum Dec omnis aetas patet,

id. Ep. 53, 11. —

With antecedent supplied from principal sentence: mater quod suasit sua Adulescens mulier fecit, i.e. ei,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 38.—

Of other words:

regique Thebano regnum stabilivit suum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40:

mittam hodie huic suo die natali malam rem magnam,

id. Ps. 1, 3, 5:

ego Metello non irascor, neque ei suam vacationem eripio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

desinant insidiari domui suae consuli,

id. Cat. 1, 13, 32:

quibus ea res honori fuerit a suis civibus,

id. Mil. 35, 96: Scipio suas res Syracusanis restituit, Liv. [p. 1824] 29, 1, 17:

nos non suas (leges Lacedaemoniis arbitror) ademisse, sed nostras leges dedisse,

id. 39, 37, 6:

Graccho et Tuditano provinciae Lucani et Galliae cum suis exercitibus prorogatae,

id. 25, 3, 5.—

With gen., abl., or object of a prep. as antecedent:

nec illius animi aciem praestringit splendor sui nominis,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

nolite a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae domesticum et suum consulem avellere,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

quamvis tu magna mihi scripseris de Bruti adventu ad suas legiones,

id. Att. 14, 13, 12:

suae legis ad scriptum ipsam quoque sententiam adjungere,

the meaning of their law to which they refer, id. Inv. 2, 49, 147:

cum ambitio alterius suam primum apud eos majestatem solvisset,

Liv. 22, 42, 12:

nunc causam instituendorum ludorum ab origine sua repetam,

Val. Max. 2, 4, 4:

Jubam in regno suo non locorum notitia adjuvet, non popularium pro rege suo virtus,

Sen. Ep. 71, 10; id. Ben. 7, 6, 3; id. Clem. 1, 3, 4.—Esp. with cujusque as antecedent:

in qua deliberatione ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 119 (v. II. D. 2. infra).— Abl.:

operam dare ut sua lex ipso scripto videatur niti,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 147 (cf. supra):

(Caesar reperiebat) ad Galbam propter justitiam prudentiamque suam totius belli summam deferri,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

credere, ad suum concilium a Jove deos advocari,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 42, 1.—

With predic. nom. as antecedent:

sapientissimi artis suae professores sunt a quibus et propria studia verecunde et aliena callide administrantur,

Val. Max. 8, 12, 1.—

With appositive noun.

With gram. subject as antecedent:

hoc Anaximandro, populari ac sodali suo, non persuasit,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

vidit fortissimum virum, inimicissimum suum,

id. Mil. 9, 25:

(hic) fuit in Creta contubernalis Saturnini, propinqui sui,

id. Planc. 11, 27:

ut non per L. Crassum, adfinem suum... causam illam defenderit,

id. Balb. 21, 49:

ne cum hoc T. Broccho, avunculo, ne cum ejus filio, consobrino suo, ne nobiscum vivat,

id. Lig. 4, 11:

Caesar mittit ad eum A. Clodium, suum atque illius familiarem,

Caes. B. C. 3, 57.—

With object as antecedent:

Dicaearchum cum Aristoxeno, aequali et condiscipulo suo, omittamus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:

tres fratres optimos, non solum sibi ipsos, neque nobis, necessariis suis, sed etiam rei publicae condonavit,

id. Lig. 12, 36:

Varroni, quem, sui generis hominem,... vulgus extrahere ad consulatum nitebatur,

Liv. 22, 34, 2.—

With appositive noun as antecedent:

si P. Scipionem, clarissimum virum, majorumque suorum simillimum res publica tenere potuisset,

Cic. Phil. 13, 14, 29:

M. Fabi Ambusti, potentis viri cum inter sui corporis homines, tum ad plebem, etc.,

Liv. 6, 34, 5:

C. vero Fabricii, et Q. Aemilii Papi, principum saeculi sui, domibus argentum fuisse confitear oportet,

Val. Max. 4, 4, 3.—

In participial clauses.

The antecedent being the logical subject of the participle, and other than the principal subject:

credamus igitur Panaetio, a Platone suo dissentienti ( = qui dissentiebat),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

ea Sex. Roscium, expulsum ex suis bonis, recepit domum,

id. Rosc. Am. 10, 27:

diffidentemque rebus suis confirmavit,

id. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:

Dejotarum ad me venientem cum omnibus copiis suis, certiorem feci, etc.,

id. Fam. 15, 4, 7; id. Cat. 4, 9, 18: si hominis et suis et populi Romani ornamentis amplissimi ( being greatly distinguished) causam repudiassem, id. Mur. 4, 8:

stupentes tribunos et suam jam vicem magis anxios quam, etc., liberavit consensus populi Romani,

Liv. 8, 35, 1; 22, 42, 8:

manet in folio scripta querela suo ( = quam scripsit),

Ov. F. 5, 224; cf. in abl. absol.:

et ipsis (hostibus) regressis in castra sua,

Liv. 22, 60, 9:

quibus (speculis) si unum ostenderis hominem, populus adparet, unaquaque parte faciem exprimente sua,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 5.—

The logical subject of the participle, being also the principal subject:

sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam,

Cic. Phil. 10, 10, 21:

hunc agrum patres nostri, acceptum a majoribus suis ( = quem acceperant), perdiderunt,

id. Agr. 2, 31, 84:

ut in suis ordinibus dispositi dispersos adorirentur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 92: Appius, odium in se aliorum suo in eos metiens odio, haud ignaro, inquit, imminet fortuna, Liv. 3, 54, 3:

ipsa capit Condita in pharetra ( = quae condiderat) tela minora sua,

Ov. F. 2, 326; cf. in abl. absol.:

Sopater, expositis suis difficultatibus ( = cum exposuisset, etc.): Timarchidem... perducit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 28, § 69:

Caesar, primum suo deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

Campani, audita sua pariter sociorumque clade, legatos ad Hannibalem miserunt,

Liv. 25, 15, 1:

(Appius) deposito suo magistratu... domum est reductus,

id. 4, 24, 7; 3, 35, 9; 9, 10, 13; 9, 41, 9.—

The antecedent being the principal subject, not the logical subject of the participle:

M. Papirius dicitur Gallo, barbam suam (i.e. Papirii) permulcenti,... iram movisse,

Liv. 5, 41, 9: cum Gracchus, verecundia deserendi socios, implorantis fidem suam populique Romani, substitisset. id. 23, 36, 8; cf. in abl. absol.:

si sine maximo dedecore, tam impeditis suis rebus, potuisset emori,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 29; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Planc. 21, 51; id. Clu. 14, 42:

ita (consul) proelio uno accidit Vestinorum res, haudquaquam tamen incruento milite suo (consulis),

Liv. 8, 29, 12; cf.

with antecedent to be supplied: Campani, cum, robore juventutis suae acciso, nulla (sc. eis) propinqua spes esset, etc.,

id. 7, 29, 7.—

In gerund. construction. ( a) With subject as antecedent:

mihi ipsa Roma ad complectendum conservatorem suum progredi visa est,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52.—

With object, the logical subjects of the gerund as antecedent:

cur iis persequendi juris sui... adimis potestatem?

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

si senatui doloris sui de me declarandi potestas esset erepta,

id. Sest. 23, 51:

nec tribunis plebis (spatium datur) sui periculi deprecandi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5.—

With antecedent dependent on the gerund:

eamque rem illi putant a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19.—

As adjunct of a noun dependent on a subjectinf., with its logical subject as antecedent:

magnum Miloni fuit, conficere illam pestem nulla sua invidia?

Cic. Mil. 15, 40:

neque enim fuit Gabinii, remittere tantum de suo nec regis, imponere tantum plus suis,

his claim, id. Rab. Post. 11, 31:

Piso, cui fructum pietatis suae neque ex me neque a populo Romano ferre licuit,

id. Sest. 31, 68:

ei cujus magis intersit, vel sua, vel rei publicae causa vivere,

id. Off. 3, 23, 90:

sapientis est consilium explicare suum de maximis rebus,

id. Or. 2, 81, 333; id. Mil. 15, 41.—With logical subject understood:

totam Italiam suis colonis ut complere (sc. eis) liceat, permittitur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 13, 34:

maximum (sc. eis) solacium erit, propinquorum eodem monumento declarari, et virtutem suorum, et populi Romani pietatem,

id. Phil. 14, 13, 35.

Without gram. antec., one ' s, one ' s own.

Dependent on subject-inff.:

ejusdem animi est, posteris suis amplitudinem nobis quam non acceperit tradere, et memoriam prope intermortuam generis sui, virtute renovare,

Cic. Mur. 7, 16:

siquidem atrocius est, patriae parentem quam suum occidere,

id. Phil. 2, 13, 31:

miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armorum praesidio non posse vivere,

id. ib. 2, 44, 112: quanto est honestius, alienis injuriis quam suis commoveri, one ' s own, id. Verr. 2, 3, 72, § 169:

contentum suis rebus esse maximae sunt certissimaeque divitiae,

id. Par. 6, 51:

ut non liceat sui commodi causa nocere alteri,

id. Off. 3, 5, 23:

detrahere de altero sui commodi causa,

id. ib. 3, 5, 24:

suis exemplis melius est uti,

Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2:

levius est sua decreta tollere quam aliorum,

Liv. 3, 21. 5; 39, 5, 2;

29, 37, 11: satius est vitae suae rationes quam frumenti publici nosse,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 3:

quanto satius est sua mala exstinguere quam aliena posteris tradere?

id. Q. N. 3, praef. 5:

cum initia beneficiorum suorum spectare, tum etiam exitus decet,

id. Ben. 2, 14, 2; 3, 1, 5:

Romani nominis gloriae, non suae, composuisse illa decuit,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 16.—With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent: cum possimus ab Ennio sumere... exemplum, videtur esse arrogantia illa relinquere, et ad sua devenire, to one ' s own = to our own, Auct. Her. 4, 1, 2.—

Without a subject-inf.:

omnia torquenda sunt ad commodum suae causae... sua diligenter narrando,

Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30: ut in ceteris habenda ratio non sua (al. sui) solum, sed etiam aliorum, id. Off. 1, 39, 139:

erat Dareo mite ac tractabile ingenium, nisi suam naturam plerumque fortuna corrumperet (suam not referring to Dareo),

Curt. 3, 2, 17 MSS. (Foss, mansuetam). — With 1 st pers. plur., as indef. antecedent (cf. 1. supra):

non erit ista amicitia sed mercatura quaedam utilitatum suarum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 44, 122; cf.: pro suo possidere, II. A. 2. a. g; and Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73, II. A. 2. b. a; cf. also II. B. 1. a; II. B. 5. c.; II. B. 7. b.; II. C. 8. b. b infra.

With antec. in a previous sentence. Here ejus, eorum, earum are used for his, her, their, unless the clause is oblique in regard to the antecedent, i. e. the antecedent is conceived as the author of the statement.

In clauses dependent on a verbum sentiendi or dicendi, expressed or understood, referring to the grammatical or logical subject of the verb.

In infinitive clauses:

(Clodius) Caesaris potentiam suam potentiam esse dicebat,

Cic. Mil. 32, 88:

(Caelius) a sua (causa) putat ejus (i.e. Ascitii) esse sejunctam,

id. Cael. 10, 24:

ipsos certo scio non negare ad haec bona Chrysogonum accessisse impulsu suo (referring to ipsos),

id. Rosc. Am. 37, 107:

hostes viderunt,... suorum tormentorum usum spatio propinquitatis interire,

Caes. B. C. 2, 16:

docent, sui judicii rem non esse,

id. ib. 1, 13.—The reference of suus may be ambiguous, esp. if an infinitive is dependent on another:

hoc Verrem dicere ajebant, te... opera sua consulem factum, i.e. Verris, though grammatically it might refer to the subj. of aiebant,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:

(Ariovistus) dixit neminem secum sine sua pernicie contendisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36; cf. the context with, in all, eleven reflexive pronouns referring to four different antecedents (populus Romanus, Ariovistus, Caesar, nemo); cf.

also: occurrebat ei, mancam praeturam suam futuram consule Milone,

Cic. Mil. 9, 25; 32, 88; Liv. 3, 42, 2.—

Suus in a clause dependent on inf.:

scio equidem, ut, qui argentum afferret atque expressam imaginem suam (i.e. militis) huc ad nos, cum eo ajebat velle mitti mulierem,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 55:

isti bonorum emptores arbitrantur, vos hic sedere qui excipiatis eos qui de suis (i.e. emptorum) manibus effugerint,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

Siculi venisse tempus ajebant ut commoda sua defenderem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 3:

ut tunc tandem sentiret recuperanda esse quae prius sua culpa amissa forent,

Liv. 44, 8, 4. —

Ambiguous: velle Pompejum se Caesari purgatum, ne ea quae reipublicae causa egerit (Pompejus) in suam (i.e. Caesaris) contumeliam vertat (where suam might be referred to Pompejus),

Caes. B. C. 1, 8.—

In oblique clauses introduced by ut or ne, or clauses subordinate to such:

Cassius constituit ut ludi absente te fierent suo nomine,

Cic. Att. 15, 11, 2:

postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam tam nefariam adjutores vos profiteamini,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Nasidius eos magnopere hortatur ut rursus cum Bruti classe, additis suis (i.e. Nasidii) auxiliis confligant,

Caes. B. C. 2, 3:

(regem) denuntiasse sibi ut triduo regni sui decederent finibus,

Liv. 42, 25, 12:

Sabinae mulieres, hinc patres, hinc viros orantes, ne parricidio macularent partus suos (i.e. mulierum),

id. 1, 13, 2:

Patron praecepit suis ut arma induerent, ad omne imperium suum parati,

Curt. 5, 11, 1.—With reflex. pron., referring to a different antecedent:

ad hanc (Laidem) Demosthenes clanculum adit, et ut sibi copiam sui faceret, petit,

Gell. 1, 8, 5. —

In subordinate clauses introduced by quin or quod:

(Dejotarus) non recusat quin id suum facinus judices,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 43; so id. ib. 4, 15;

16, 45: parietes hujus curiae tibi gratias agere gestiunt, quod futura sit illa auctoritas in his majorum suorum et suis sedibus,

id. Marcell. 3, 10:

quidni gauderet quod iram suam nemo sentiret?

Sen. Troad. 3, 13:

querenti quod uxor sua e fico se suspendisset,

Quint. 6, 3, 88;

and with intentional ambiguity: cum Proculejus quereretur de filio quod is mortem suam expectaret,

id. 9, 3, 68. —

In interrogative clauses:

si, quod officii sui sit, non occurrit animo, nihil umquam omnino aget,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:

ut non auderet iterum dicere quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

id. Caecin. 10, [p. 1825] 28:

donec sciat unisquisque quid sui, quid alieni sit,

Liv. 6, 27, 8:

rex ignarus, quae cum Hannibale legatis suis convenisset, quaeque legati ejus ad se allaturi fuissent,

id. 23, 39, 2:

postquam animadvertit quantus agminis sui terror esset,

id. 43, 19, 5. —

In a virtually oblique clause.

In final clause, introduced by ut, ne, or rel., referring to the subject of the purpose:

me a portu praemisit domum, ut haec nuntiem uxori suae,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 41:

quasi Appius ille Caecus viam muniverit, non qua populus uteretur, sed ubi impune sui posteri latrocinarentur, i. e. Appii,

Cic. Mil. 7, 17:

quae gens ad Caesarem legatos mise. rat, ut suis omnibus facultatibus uteretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80:

inde castra movent, ne qua vis sociis suis ab Romano exercitu inferri possit,

Liv. 43, 23, 5:

(Romani) Albam a fundamentis proruerunt, ne memoria originum suarum exstaret,

id. 26, 13, 16:

oppidani nuntios Romam, qui certiorem de suo casu senatum facerent, misere,

id. 6, 33, 7; cf.:

tanto intervallo ab hostibus consedit, ut nec adventus suus propinquitate nimia nosci posset, et, etc.,

Liv. 10, 20, 7:

Datames locum delegit talem ut non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset,

Nep. Dat. 7, 3:

quid si gubernator a diis procellas petat ut gratior ars sua periculo fiat?

Sen. Ben. 6, 25, 4. —

In other dependent clauses represented as conceived by an antecedent in the principal sentence:

Sulla, si sibi suus pudor ac dignitas non prodesset, nullum auxilium requisivit ( = negavit se defendi velle, si, etc.),

Cic. Sull. 5, 15:

Paetus omnes libros quos frater suus reliquisset mihi donavit ( = dixit se donare libros quos, etc.),

id. Att. 2, 1, 12:

non enim a te emit, sed, priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit ( = potitus est, ne, etc.),

id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:

Africanus, si sua res ageretur, testimonium non diceret,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 3:

ille ipse (Pompejus) proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est Pro tuis rebus gestis amplissimis. Amplioribusne quam suis, quam Africani?

id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

spiritus dabat (Manlio) quod... vinculorum suorum invidiam dictator fugisset,

Liv. 6, 18, 4:

(Numa) Camenis eum lucum sacravit, quod earum ibi concilia cum conjuge sua Egeria essent,

id. 1, 21, 3:

adulescens deos omnis invocare ad gratiam illi pro se referendam, quoniam sibi nequaquam satis facultatis pro suo animo atque illius erga se esset,

id. 26, 50, 4 (cf. D. 1. a. infra).

In the place of ejus.

In clauses virtually oblique, but with indicative, being conceived by the antecedent (hence suus, not ejus), but asserted as fact by the author (hence indicative, not subjunctive):

Cicero tibi mandat ut Aristodemo idem respondeas, quod de fratre suo (Ciceronis) respondisti,

Cic. Att. 2, 7, 4:

oriundi ab Sabinis, ne, quia post Tatii mortem ab sua parte non erat regnatum, imperium amitterent, sui corporis creari regem volebant,

Liv. 1, 17, 2:

C. Caesar villam pulcherrimam, quia mater sua aliquando in illa custodita erat, diruit,

Sen. Ira, 3, 21, 5:

Philemonem, a manu servum, qui necem suam per venenum inimicis promiserat, non gravius quam simplici morte punivit,

Suet. Caes. 74; cf.:

quomodo excandescunt si quid e juba sua decisum est,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 3.—

To avoid ambiguity:

petunt rationes illius (Catilinae) ut orbetur consilio res publica, ut minuatur contra suum (i.e. Catilinae) furorem imperatorum copia (instead of ejus, which might be referred to res publica),

Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

equites a cornibus positos, cum jam pelleretur media peditum suorum acies, incurrisse ab lateribus ferunt,

Liv. 1, 37, 3.—

Colloquially and in epistolary style suus is used emphatically instead of ejus, with the meaning own, peculiar: deinde ille actutum subferret suus servus poenas Sosia, his own slave (opp. Mercury, who personates Sosias), Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 19: mira erant in civitatibus ipsorum furta Graecorum quae magistratus sui fecerant, their own magistrates ( = ipsorum), Cic. Att. 6, 2, 5:

in quibus (litteris Bruti) unum alienum summa sua prudentia (est), ut spectem ludos suos,

his peculiar prudence, id. ib. 15, 26, 1; so,

quod quidem ille (Nero) decernebat, quorumdam dolo ad omina sui exitus vertebatur,

Tac. A. 16, 24; cf. II. A. 1. b and g; II. A. 2. a. b; II. B. 3.—

Without particular emphasis (mostly ante- and post-class. and poet.):

tum erit tempestiva cum semen suum maturum erit,

Cato, R. R. 31:

vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute,

id. ib. 37:

qui sic purgatus erit, diuturna valetudine utatur, neque ullus morbus veniet, nisi sua culpa,

id. ib. 157:

Cimon in eandem invidiam incidit quam pater suus,

Nep. Cim. 3, 1:

id qua ratione consecutus sit (Lysander) latet. Non enim virtute sui exercitus factum est, etc.,

id. Lys. 1, 2:

ipse sub Esquiliis, ubi erat regia sua, Concidit,

Ov. F. 6, 601:

quodque suus conjux riguo collegerat horto, Truncat olus foliis,

id. M. 8, 646; so id. ib. 15, 819.

In partic.

As substt.

sui, suorum, m., his, their (etc.) friends, soldiers, fellow-beings, equals, adherents, followers, partisans, posterity, slaves, family, etc., of persons in any near connection with the antecedent.

(Corresp. to the regular usage, I. A. B. C.) Cupio abducere ut reddam (i.e. eam) suis, to her family, friends, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 77; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 66:

cum animus societatem caritatis coierit cum suis, omnesque natura conjunctos suos duxerit,

fellow-beings, Cic. Leg. 1, 23, 60:

mulier ingeniosa praecepit suis omnia Caelio pollicerentur,

her slaves, id. Cael. 25, 62:

quo facilius et nostras domos obire, et ipse a suis coli possit,

his friends, id. ib. 7, 18:

qua gratiam beneficii vestri cum suorum laude conjungant,

their family, id. Agr. 2, 1, 1:

vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset,

to his posterity, id. Phil. 3, 6, 16:

cum divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur,

his partisans, id. ib. 13, 9, 19:

Caesar, cohortatus suos, proelium commisit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; so,

Curio exercitum reduxit, suis omnibus praeter Fabium incolumibus,

id. B. C. 2, 35:

Caesar receptui suorum timens,

id. ib. 3, 46:

certior ab suis factus est, praeclusas esse portas,

id. ib. 2, 20:

omnium suorum consensu, Curio bellum ducere parabat,

id. ib. 2, 37: so,

Pompejus suorum omnium hortatu statuerat proelio decertare,

id. ib. 3, 86:

Caesar Brundisium ad suos severius scripsit,

to his officers, id. ib. 3, 25:

naviculam conscendit cum paucis suis,

a few of his followers, id. ib. 3, 104:

multum cum suis consiliandi causa secreto praeter consuetudinem loqueretur,

id. ib. 1, 19:

nupsit Melino, adulescenti inprimis inter suos et honesto et nobili,

his equals, associates, Cic. Clu. 5, 11:

rex raptim a suis in equum impositus fugit,

his suite, Liv. 41, 4, 7:

subsidio suorum proelium restituere,

comrades, id. 21, 52, 10:

feras bestias... ad opem suis ferendam avertas,

their young, id. 26, 13, 12:

abstulit sibi in suos potestatem,

his slaves, Sen. Ira, 3, 12, 6:

Besso et Nabarzani nuntiaverant sui regem... interemptum esse,

their fellow - conspirators, Curt. 5, 12, 14. — Very rarely sing.:

ut bona mens suis omnibus fuerit. Si quem libido abripuit, illorum eum, cum quibus conjuravit, non suum judicet esse,

Liv. 39, 16, 5.—

Irregular use (acc. to I. D.): sui = ejus amici, etc. (freq.;

the absolute use of ejus in this sense being inadmissible): quasi vero quisquam dormiat? ne sui quidem hoc velint, non modo ipse (sui = ejus amici, liberi),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

is (annus) ejus omnem spem... morte pervertit. Fuit hoc luctuosum suis, acerbum patriae, etc.,

id. Or. 3, 2, 8:

quadrigas, quia per suos ( = ipsius milites) agendae erant, in prima acie locaverat rex,

Liv. 37, 41, 8:

auctoritatem Pisistrati qui inter suos ( = ejus cives) maxima erat,

id. 37, 12:

quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse fuit superior, etc.,

Nep. Hann. 8, 4; v. g.—

Without antecedent (cf. I. B. supra): quoties necesse est fallere aut falli a suis, by one ' s friends, Sen. Phoen. 493.—

Sing.: sŭa, suae. f., a sweetheart, mistress (rare): illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit. Cic. Phil. 2, 28. 69:

cedo quid hic faciet sua?

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 92.—

sŭum, i, n., and more freq. sŭa, suorum, n. plur., = one ' s property.

Lit.:

nec suom adimerem alteri,

his property, his own, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38 (34):

nunc si ille salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi (v. D. 3. a. infra),

id. ib. 1, 2, 119:

illum studeo quam facillime ad suum pervenire,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 4:

populi Romani hanc esse consuetudinem ut socios sui nihil deperdere velit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43; cf. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 3, I. A. 11. supra:

nec donare illi de suo dicimur,

Sen. Ben. 7, 4, 2; so esp. with quisque; v. infra — Hence, de suo = per se, or sua sponte;

(stellae) quae per igneos tractus labentia inde splendorem trahant caloremque, non de suo clara,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 1, 6. —

Trop.:

meum mihi placebat, illi suum (of a literary essay),

Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3: suom quemque decet, his own manners, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 11; so, expendere oportet quid quisque habeat sui ( what peculiarities) nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant;

id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113.—

Jurid. term: aliquid pro suo possidere, to possess in the belief of one ' s legal right:

pro suo possessio tale est, cum dominium nobis acquiri putamus. Et ea causa possidemus ex qua acquiritur, et praeterea pro suo,

Dig. 41, 10, 1;

so without an antecedent, and referring to a first person: item re donata, pro donato et pro suo possideo,

ib. 41, 10, 1; v. the whole tit. ib. 42, 10 (Pro suo); cf. ib. 23, 3, 67; cf. C., infra fin.;

similarly: usucapere pro suo = acquire dominion by a possession pro suo, Fragm. Vat. 111: res pro suo, quod justam causam possidendi habet, usucapit,

id. ib. 260; Dig. 41, 3, 27. —

One ' s property:

Roscius tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:

qui etiam hostibus externis victis sua saepissime reddiderunt,

id. Agr. 1, 6, 19:

tu autem vicinis tuis Massiliensibus sua reddis,

id. Att. 14, 14, 6:

Remi legatos miserunt qui dicerent se suaque omnia in fidem atque potestatem populi Romani permittere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 2; 1, 11, 2; 2, 13, 2:

ipsi milites alveos informes quibus se suaque transveherent, faciebant,

their baggage, Liv. 21, 26, 9:

docere eos qui sua permisere fortunae,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 7; so without an antecedent, one ' s own property (cf. I. B. 2. supra):

hanc ob causam maxime ut sua tenerentur res publicae constitutae sunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73;

rarely = eorum res: quod vero etiam sua reddiderint (i.e. Gallis),

Liv. 39, 55, 3. —

One ' s own affairs:

aliena ut melius videant et dijudicent Quam sua,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 96:

cognoscunt... immobile agmen et sua quemque molientem,

Liv. 10, 20, 8:

omnia ei hostium non secus quam sua nota erant,

id. 22, 41, 5:

aliena cum suis perdidit,

Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 3.— Absol., referring to a noun fem.: sua (finxit) C. Cassius ( = suas persuasiones; cf.

the context),

Quint. 6, 3, 90.

Predicative uses: suum esse, facere, fieri, putare, etc., like a gen. poss., to be, etc., the property, or under the dominion, control, power of the antecedent.

Of property in things.

Corporeal:

scripsit causam dicere Prius aurum quare sit suum,

Ter. Eun. prol. 11:

nihil erat cujusquam quod non hoc anno suum fore putabat (Clodius),

Cic. Mil. 32, 87:

quia suum cujusque fit, eorum quae natura fuerant communia quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat,

id. Off. 1, 7, 21:

Juba suam esse praedicans praedam,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84:

gratum sibi populum facturum, si omnes res Neapolitanorum suas duxissent,

Liv. 22, 32, 8: libros esse dicimus Ciceronis;

eosdem Dorus librarius suos vocat,

Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 1:

cum enim istarum personarum nihil suum esse possit,

since these persons can own nothing, Gai. Inst. 2, 96; cf. Dig. 1, 7, 15 pr.—Virtually predicative:

referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent ( = rem quae sua sit),

nothing of their own, Cic. Phil. 2, 6, 15:

qui in potestate nostra est, nihil suum habere potest,

Gai. Inst. 2, 84. — ( b) Of literary works:

quae convenere in Andriam ex Perinthia Fatetur transtulisse, atque usum pro suis ( = quasi sua essent),

Ter. And. prol. 14:

potest autem... quae tum audiet... ingenue pro suis dicere,

his own thoughts, Quint. 12, 3, 3.—

Of a country or people:

suum facere = suae dicionis facere: commemorat ut (Caesar) magnam partem Italiae beneficio atque auctoritate eorum suam fecerit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

in quam (Asiam) jam ex parte suam fecerit,

Liv. 44, 24, 4:

crudelissima ac superbissima gens sua omnia suique arbitrii facit,

id. 21, 44, 5.—

Trop.:

omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velletis,

Cic. Phil. 11, 12, 27:

non meminit, illum exercitum senatus populique Romani esse, non suum,

id. ib. 13, 6, 4: [p. 1826] probavit, non rempublicam suam esse, sed se reipublicae, Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 8;

so of incorporeal things: hi si velint scire quam brevis eorum vita sit, cogitent ex quota parte sua sit,

how much of it is their own, id. Brev. Vit. 19, 3; so, suum facere, to appropriate:

prudentis est, id quod in quoque optimum est, si possit, suum facere,

Quint. 10, 2, 26:

quaeremus quomodo animus (hanc virtutem) usu suam faciat,

Sen. Clem. 1, 3, 1.—

Of persons.

Under a master ' s or father ' s control:

ut lege caverent, ne quis quem civitatis mutandae causa suum faceret, neve alienaret,

make any one his slave, Liv. 41, 8, 12: quid eam tum? suamne esse ajebat, his daughter, i.e. in his power? Ter. And. 5, 4, 29:

eduxit mater pro sua ( = quasi sua esset),

id. Eun. 1, 2, 76.—

Reflexively = sui juris, independent, one ' s own master or mistress, not subject to another ' s control, under one ' s own control (v. sui juris, infra):

ancilla, quae mea fuit hodie, sua nunc est,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 3.—

Of moral power over others: suus = devoted to one:

hice hoc munere arbitrantur Suam Thaidem esse,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 38:

eos hic fecit suos Paulo sumptu,

id. Ad. 5, 4, 21:

sed istunc exora, ut (mulierem) suam esse adsimulet,

to be friendly to him, id. Heaut. 2, 3, 117:

cum Antonio sic agens ut perspiciat, si in eo negotio nobis satisfecerit, totum me futurum suum,

Cic. Att. 14, 1 a, 2:

Alpheus... utebatur populo sane suo,

devoted to him, id. Quint. 7, 29.— Poet.: vota suos habuere deos, the vows (inst. of the persons uttering them) had the gods on their side, Ov. M. 4, 373. —

Of power over one's self, etc.:

nam qui sciet ubi quidque positum sit, quaque eo veniat, is poterit eruere, semperque esse in disputando suus,

self-possessed, Cic. Fin. 4, 4, 10:

inaestimabile bonum est suum fieri,

selfcontrol, Sen. Ep. 75, 18:

(furiosus) qui suus non est,

Dig. 42, 4, 7, § 9:

vix sua, vix sanae virgo Niseia compos Mentis erat,

Ov. M. 8, 35. —

Suum est, as impers. predicate: = ejus est, characteristic of, peculiar to one (very rare):

dixit antea, sed suum illud est, nihil ut affirmet,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 99.

Attributive usages, almost always (except in Seneca) with suus before its noun.

The property, relations, affairs, etc., of one opposed to those of another, own.

Opposition expressed:

nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur,

Cic. Balb. 8, 21:

sua sibi propiora pericula quam mea loquebantur,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

suasque et imperatoris laudes canentes,

Liv. 45, 38, 12:

damnatione collegae et sua,

id. 22, 35, 3:

Senecae fratris morte pavidum et pro sua incolumitate pavidum,

Tac. A. 14, 73:

velut pro Vitellio conquerentes suum dolorem proferebant,

id. H. 3, 37;

opp. alienus: ut suo potius tempore mercatorem admitterent, quam celerius alieno,

at a time convenient to themselves, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11. —Without antecedent, opp. externus:

(Platoni) duo placet esse motus, unum suum, alterum externum, esse autem divinius quod ipsum ex se sua sponte moveatur, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32. —

Implied:

voluptatem suis se finibus tenere jubeamus,

within the limits assigned to it, Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 1:

cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus... exstruxerit,

id. Phil. 14, 12, 33:

superiores (amnes) in Italia, hic (Rhodanus) trans Alpes, hospitales suas tantum, nec largiores quam intulere aquas vehentes,

Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 224: colligitur aqua ex imbribus;

ex suo fonte nativa est,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 3:

pennas ambo non habuere suas (non suas = alienas),

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 24. —

In particular phrases. ( a) Sua sponte and suo Marte, of one ' s own accord, by one ' s self, without the suggestion, influence, aid, etc., of others:

Caesar bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5:

sua sponte ad Caesarem in jus adierunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 87.—So of things, = per se, by or of itself, for itself, for its own sake:

jus et omne honestum sua sponte expetendum (cf. in the context: per se igitur jus est expetendum),

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: justitium sua sponte inceptum priusquam indiceretur, by itself, i. e. without a decree, Liv. 9, 7, 8; so,

sortes sua sponte attenuatas,

id. 22, 1, 11 (cf. id. 22, 38, 13; 35, 14, 4, I. A. 2., supra): rex enim ipse, sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit ejus interitum suo Marte res suas recuperavit, Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—

Suus locus, in milit. lang., one ' s own ground, position, or lines:

restitit suo loco Romana acies (opp. to the advance of the enemy),

Liv. 22, 16, 2.—So figuratively:

et staturas suo loco leges,

Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2:

aciem instruxit primum suis locis, pauloque a castris Pompeji longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 84 (cf.: suo loco, 7. b. g, infra).—

For suo jure v. 3. infra.—

Sua Venus = one's own Venus, i. e. good luck (v. Venus): ille non est mihi par virtutibus, nec officiis;

sed habuit suam Venerem,

Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2. —

Of private relations (opp. to public):

ut in suis rebus, ita in re publica luxuriosus nepos,

Cic. Agr. 2, 18, 48:

deinde ut communibus pro communibus utatur, privatis ut suis,

id. Off. 1, 7, 20:

quod oppidum Labienus sua pecunia exaedificaverat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

militibus agros ex suis possessionibus pollicetur,

i. e. his private property, id. ib. 1, 17; Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 3. —

Of just rights or claims:

imperatori senatuique honos suus redditus,

due to them, Liv. 3, 10, 3:

neque inpedimento fuit, quominus religionibus suus tenor suaque observatio redderetur,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:

quibus omnibus debetur suus decor,

Quint. 11, 1, 41. —

So distributively: is mensibus suis dimisit legionem,

in the month in which each soldier was entitled to his discharge, Liv. 40, 41, 8. — Esp.: suo jure (so, meo, nostro, tuo, etc., jure), by his own right:

Tullus Hostilius qui suo jure in porta nomen inscripsit,

Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

earum rerum hic A. Licinius fructum a me repetere prope suo jure debet,

id. Arch. 1, 1; id. Marcell. 2, 6; id. Phil. 2, 25, 62; id. Balb. 8, 21:

numquam illum res publica suo jure esset ulta,

by its unquestionable right, id. Mil. 33, 88. —

Of that to which one is exclusively devoted:

huic quaestioni suum diem dabimus,

a day for its exclusive discussion, Sen. Ep. 94, 52:

homini autem suum bonum ratio est,

his exclusive good, id. ib. 76, 10:

in majorem me quaestionem vocas, cui suus locus, suus dies dandus est,

id. Q. N. 2, 46, 1. —

With proprius: mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem suo proprio magistratu egere,

that the business needed a particular officer exclusively for itself, Liv. 4, 8, 4:

et Hannibalem suo proprio occupandum bello,

id. 27, 38, 7; cf.:

dissupasset hostes, ni suo proprio eum proelio equites Volscorum exceptum tenuissent,

in which they alone fought, id. 3, 70, 4:

mare habet suas venas quibus impletur,

by which it alone is fed, Sen. Q. N. 3, 14, 3. —

According to one ' s liking, of one ' s own choice.

Of persons, devoted to one, friendly, dear:

Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consules,

after his own heart, Cic. Mil. 33, 89:

collegit ipse se contra suum Clodium,

his dear Clodius, id. Pis. 12, 27 (cf.: suum facere, habere, II. B. 2. g).—

Of things, favorable.

Of place: neque Jugurtham nisi... suo loco pugnam facere, on his own ground, i. e. chosen by him, favorable, Sall. J. 61, 1:

hic magna auxilia expectabant et suis locis bellum in hiemem ducere cogitabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 61; cf.:

numquam nostris locis laboravimus,

Liv. 9, 19, 15.—

Of time:

cum Perseus suo maxime tempore et alieno hostibus incipere bellum posset,

Liv. 42, 43, 3; v. 7. b, infra. —

Of circumstances: sua occasio, a favorable opportunity; sometimes without antecedent:

neque occasioni tuae desis, neque suam occasionem hosti des,

Liv. 22, 39, 21:

tantum abfuit ut ex incommodo alieno sua occasio peteretur,

id. 4, 58, 2:

aestuque suo Locros trajecit,

a favorable tide, id. 23, 41, 11:

ignoranti quem portum petat nullus suus ventus est,

Sen. Ep. 71, 3:

orba suis essent etiamnunc lintea ventis,

Ov. M. 13, 195:

aut ille Ventis iturus non suis,

Hor. Epod. 9, 30. —

Of persons or things, peculiar, particular:

quae est ei (animo) natura? Propria, puto, et sua,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

omnis enim motus animi suum quendam a natura habet vultum,

id. de Or. 3, 57, 316:

geometrae et musici... more quodam loquuntur suo. Ipsae rhetorum artes verbis in docendo quasi privatis utuntur ac suis,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 4:

sensus omnis habet suum finem,

its peculiar limits, Quint. 9, 4, 61: animus cum suum ambitum complevit et finibus se suis cinxit, consummatum est summum bonum, Sen. Vit. Beat. 9, 3: est etiam in nominibus ( nouns) diverso collocatis sua gratia, their peculiar elegance, Quint. 9, 3, 86:

ibi non bello aperto, sed suis artibus, fraude et insidiis, est paene circumventus,

Liv. 21, 34, 1:

nec Hannibalem fefellit, suis se artibus peti,

id. 22, 16, 5:

adversus hostem non virtute tantum, sed suis (i. e. hostis) etiam pugnare consiliis oportebat,

Flor. 2, 6, 26:

liberam Minucii temeritatem se suo modo expleturum,

Liv. 22, 28, 2:

equites ovantes sui moris carmine,

id. 10, 26, 11:

exsultans cum sui moris tripudiis,

id. 21, 42, 3:

tripudiantes suo more,

id. 23, 26, 9.—So, suo Marte, referring to the style of fighting peculiar to the different arms:

equitem suo alienoque Marte pugnare,

that the cavalry were fighting both in their own style and in that of the other arms, Liv. 3, 62, 9; cf.: suo Marte, 1, c. a, supra.—And distributively ( = suus quisque):

suos autem haec operum genera ut auctores, sic etiam amatores habent,

Quint. 12, 10, 2:

illa vero fatidica fulmina ex alto et ex suis venire sideribus,

Plin. 2, 43, 43, § 113; cf.:

quae quidem planiora suis exemplis reddentur,

Val. Max. 3, 4 prooem.—

Proper, right.

Referring to one's ordinary or normal condition:

quod certe non fecisset, si suum numerum naves habuissent,

their regular complement, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133. — So poet.:

flecte ratem! numerum non habet illa suum,

its full number, Ov. H. 10, 36:

novus exercitus consulibus est decretus: binae legiones cum suo equitatu,

Liv. 40, 36, 6:

cum suo justo equitatu,

id. 21, 17, 8:

totam (disciplinam) in suum statum redegit,

Val. Max. 2, 7, 2:

tranquilla mente et vultu suo,

with the ordinary expression of his face, Sen. Clem. 2, 6, 2:

media pars aeris ab his (ignibus) submota, in frigore suo manet. Natura enim aeris gelida est,

id. Q. N. 2, 10, 4:

cornuaque in patriis non sua vidit aquis,

not natural to her, Ov. H. 14, 90. —

So, non suus, of ingrafted branches and their fruit: miraturque (arbos) novas frondis et non sua poma,

Verg. G. 2, 82. —

Of time, proper, regular, etc. (cf. 5. b, supra).

The regular time ( = stato tempore):

signum quod semper tempore exoritur suo,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 4:

cum et recte et suo tempore pepererit,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 16: aestas suo tempore incanduit...;

tam solstitium quam aequinoctium suos dies retulit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 3:

omnes venti vicibus suis spirant majore ex parte,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128. —

The right or proper time:

salictum suo tempore caedito,

Cato, R. R. 33:

cessit e vita suo magis quam suorum civium tempore,

the right time for himself, Cic. Brut. 1, 4; so,

exstingui homini suo tempore optabile est,

id. Sen. 23, 85:

Scandilius dicit se suo tempore rediturum,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 60, § 139:

si Ardeates sua tempora exspectare velint,

Liv. 4, 7, 6:

Chrysippus dicit, illum... opperiri debere suum tempus, ad quod velut dato signo prosiliat,

Sen. Ben. 2, 25, 3:

quam multi exercitus tempore suo victorem hostem pepulerunt!

Liv. 44, 39, 4. — Without antecedent: sed suo tempore totius sceleris hujus fons aperietur. Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15; cf.:

de ordine laudis, etc., praecipiemus suo tempore,

Quint. 2, 4, 21. —

Suo loco = at the proper place:

quae erant prudentiae propria suo loco dicta sunt,

Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143:

quod reddetur suo loco,

Quint. 11, 1, 16:

ut suo loco dicetur,

Plin. 2, 90, 102, § 221:

inscripta quae suis locis reddam,

id. 1, prooem. § 27; Sen. Ben. 2, 20, 2; cf. 1, c. b; 4. supra. —

Suited, appropriate, adapted to one:

in eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet,

Cato, R. R. 7:

siquidem hanc vendidero pretio suo,

at a suitable price, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 30:

in partes suas digerenda causa,

Quint. 11, 1, 6:

confundetur quidquid in suas partes natura digessit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 8. — Poet.: haec ego dumque queror, lacrimae sua verba sequuntur, Deque meis oculis in tua membra cadunt, appropriate, i. e. tristia, Ov. H. 14, 67.—Without antecedent: suum quidquid genus talearum serito, any fit kind, i. e. suited to the ground, Cato, R. R. 48. —

Own, with the notion of independence of, or dependence on others (cf. B. 2. g d).

Of political independence: pacem condicionibus his fecerunt ut Capuae suae leges, sui magistratus essent, her own laws, i. e. not subject to Carthage, Liv. 23, 7, 2: liberos [p. 1827] eos ac suis legibus victuros, id. 25, 23, 4. —

Esp. in the phrases suae potestatis or in sua potestate esse, suo jure uti, sui juris esse: Puteolos, qui nunc in sua potestate sunt, suo jure, libertate aequa utuntur, totos occupabunt,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 86:

Rhegini potestatis suae ad ultimum remanserunt,

retained their self-government, Liv. 23, 30, 9:

urbem ne quam formulae sui juris facerent,

id. 38, 9, 10. —

Of paternal authority.

Free from the power of the paterfamilias; in the phrases sui juris esse, suae potestatis esse, to be independent:

quaedam personae sui juris sunt, quaedam alieno juri sunt subjectae, Gai,

Inst. 1, 48:

sui juris sunt familiarum suarum principes, id est pater familiae, itemque mater familiae,

Ulp. Fragm. 4, 1:

liberi parentum potestate liberantur emancipatione. Sed filius quidem ter manumissus sui juris fit, ceteri autem liberi una manumissione sui juris fiunt,

id. ib. 10, 1:

morte patris filius et filia sui juris fiunt,

id. ib. 10, 2:

patres familiarum sunt qui sunt suae potestatis,

Dig. 1, 6, 4:

si modo defunctus testator suae potestatis mortis tempore fuerit,

Gai. Inst. 2, 147. —

With indef. reference: si sui juris sumus,

Dig. 46, 2, 20; cf.:

pro suo possideo, 2. a. supra.—Attributively: sui juris arrogatio feminae,

Cod. Just. 8, 47, 8:

homo sui juris,

ib. 10, § 5.— Trop.:

sapiens numquam semiliber erit: integrae semper libertatis et sui juris,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 5, 3:

non illarum coitu fieri cometen, sed proprium et sui juris esse,

id. Q. N. 7, 12, 2: nullique sunt tam feri et sui juris adfectus, ut non disciplina perdomentur, id. Ira, 2, 12, 3. —

Subject to paternal authority, in the phrases suus heres, sui liberi; suus heres, an heir who had been in the paternal power of the deceased:

CVI SVVS HERES NON SIT, XII. Tab. fr. 5, 4.—In the jurists without antecedent: sui et necessarii heredes sunt velut filius filiave, nepos neptisve ex filia, deinceps ceteri qui modo in potestate morientis fuerunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 156:

(emancipati liberi) non sunt sui heredes,

ib. 2, 135:

alia facta est juris interpretatio inter suos heredes,

ib. 3, 15:

datur patrono adversus suos heredes bonorum possessio (where patrono is not the antecedent of suos),

ib. 3, 41:

sui heredes vel instituendi sunt vel exheredandi,

Ulp. Fragm. 22, 14:

accrescunt suis quidem heredibus in partem virilem, extraneis autem in partem dimidiam,

id. ib. 22, 17. —

Sui liberi, children in paternal power: de suis et legitimis liberis,

Cod. Just. 6, 55 inscr.

In particular connections.

With ipse, his own, etc. (cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696).

Ipse agreeing with the antecedent of suus, the antecedent being,

A subjectnom.:

(ingenium ejus) valet ipsum suis viribus,

by its own strength, Cic. Cael. 19, 45:

legio Martia non ipsa suis decretis hostem judicavit Antonium?

by its own resolutions, id. Phil. 4, 2, 5:

ruit ipse suis cladibus,

id. ib. 14, 3, 8:

si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 8:

qui se ipse sua gravitate et castimonia defenderet,

id. Cael. 5, 11:

quod ipse suae civitatis imperium obtenturus esset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

suamet ipsae fraude omnes interierunt,

Liv. 8, 18, 9; 39, 49, 3:

ut saeviret ipse in suum sanguinem effecerunt,

id. 40, 5, 1:

respicerent suum ipsi exercitum,

id. 42, 52, 10; 21, 31, 12; 22, 38, 3; 6, 19, 6.—

A subject-acc.:

sunt qui dicant eam sua ipsam peremptam mercede,

Liv. 1, 11, 9:

(tribuniciam potestatem) suis ipsam viribus dissolvi,

id. 2, 44, 2.—

An object in dat. or acc.:

sic ut ipsis consistendi in suis munitionibus locus non esset,

Caes. B. C. 2, 6:

tribuni (hostem) intra suamet ipsum moenia compulere,

Liv. 6, 36, 4:

alios sua ipsos invidia opportunos interemit,

id. 1, 54, 8; 22, 14, 13.—Suus as adjunct of subject (rare):

aliquando sua praesidia in ipsos consurrexerunt,

their own garrisons revolted against them, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 1.—

With gen. of ipse, strengthening the possessive notion (cf. 4.;

post-Aug. and very rare, but freq. in modern Lat.): aves (foetus suos) libero caelo suaeque ipsorum fiduciae permittunt,

Quint. 2, 6, 7 (but tuus ipsius occurs in Cic.:

tuo ipsius studio,

Cic. Mur. 4, 9:

tuam ipsius amicitiam,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 7).—

Both suus and ipse agreeing with the governing noun (very rare; not in Cic. or Caes.): quae tamen in ipso cursu suo dissipata est (= ipsa in cursu suo), in its very course, Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 3 dub.:

suamet ipsa scelera,

Sall. C. 23, 2 (Dietsch ex conj. ipse):

suismet ipsis corporibus,

Liv. 2, 19, 5 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. ipsi):

a suismet ipsis praesidiis,

id. 8, 25, 6 MSS. (Weissenb. ipsi).—

With quisque, distributively, each ( every one)... his own; in prose quisque is generally preceded by suus.

Quisque and suus in different cases.

Quisque as subjectnom.:

sentit enim vim quisque suam quoad possit abuti,

Lucr. 5, 1033:

suo quisque loco cubet,

Cato, R. R. 5:

suum quisque noscat ingenium,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114:

ad suam quisque (me disciplinam) rapiet,

id. Ac. 2, 36, 114:

quod suos quisque servos in tali re facere voluisset,

id. Mil. 10, 29:

cum suo quisque auxilio uteretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 51:

celeriter ad suos quisque ordines redit,

id. ib. 3, 37.—In apposition with plur. subj. (freq. in Liv.):

nunc alii sensus quo pacto quisque suam rem Sentiat,

Lucr. 4, 522:

ut omnes cives Romani in suis quisque centuriis prima luce adessent,

that all the Roman citizens should be present, each in his own centuria, Liv. 1, 44, 1:

hinc senatus, hinc plebs, suum quisque intuentes ducem constiterant,

id. 6, 15, 3:

ut (trigemini) pro sua quisque patria dimicent,

id. 1, 24, 2:

stabant compositi suis quisque ordinibus,

id. 44, 38, 11:

(consules) in suas quisque provincias proficiscuntur,

id. 25, 12, 2; 25, 26, 13:

in suo quaeque (stella) motu naturam suam exercent,

Plin. 2, 39, 39, § 106.—With abl. absol.:

omnes, velut dis auctoribus in spem suam quisque acceptis, proelium una voce poscunt,

Liv. 21, 45, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

relictis suis quisque stationibus... concurrerunt,

id. 32, 24, 4; 4, 44, 10; 39, 49, 3; 2, 38, 6.—

With acc. of quisque as subj.:

fabrum esse suae quemque fortunae, App. Claud. ap. Ps.-Sall. Ep. ad Caes. Rep. c. l.: sui quemque juris et retinendi et dimittendi esse dominum,

Cic. Balb. 13, 31:

recipere se in domos suas quemque jussit,

Liv. 25, 10, 9; and (ungrammatically) nom., as apposition to a subj.-acc.:

se non modo suam quisque patriam, sed totam Siciliam relicturos,

id. 26, 29, 3 MSS. (Weissenb. ex conj. quosque).—

As adjunct of the subject-nom., with a case of quisque as object, attribut. gen., etc.:

sua cujusque animantis natura est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 25:

sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, etc., de sanitate ac mente deturbat,

id. Pis. 20, 46:

sua quemque fraus et suus terror maxime vexat,

id. Rosc. Am. 24, 67:

suum cuique incommodum ferendum est,

id. Off. 3, 6, 30:

ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

id. Rab. Post. 17, 46:

ne suus cuique domi hostis esset,

Liv. 3, 16, 3:

ut sua cuique respublica in manu esset,

id. 26, 8, 11:

animus suus cuique ordinem pugnandi dabat,

id. 22, 5, 8:

tentorium suum cuique militi domus ac penates sunt,

id. 44, 39, 5:

suus cuique (stellae) color est,

Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 79:

trahit sua quemque voluptas,

Verg. E. 2, 65:

stat sua cuique dies,

id. A. 10, 467.—

As predicate-nom. (v. II. B.):

opinionem, quae sua cuique conjectanti esse potest,

Liv. 6, 12, 3.—

As adjunct of subj.-acc.:

suum cuique honorem et gradum redditum gaudeo,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

scientiam autem suam cujusque artis esse,

id. Fin. 5, 9, 26.—

As adjunct of an object, with a case of quisque as object or attribut. gen.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam: suum cuique amorem, mihi meum, Atil. Fragm. inc. 1: suom cuique per me uti atque frui licet, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24 (23), 1:

ut suo quemque appellem nomine,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 52:

placet Stoicis suo quamque rem nomine appellare,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 1:

ad suam cujusque naturam consilium est omne revocandum,

id. Off. 1, 33, 119:

justitia quae suum cuique distribuit,

id. N. D. 3, 15, 38:

in tribuendo suum cuique,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14:

Turnus sui cuique periculi recens erat documentum,

Liv. 1, 52, 4:

in trimatu suo cuique dimidiam esse mensuram futurae certum esse,

Plin. 7, 15, 16, § 73:

certa cuique rerum suarum possessio,

Vell. 2, 89, 4; cf.: qua re suum unicuique studium suaque omnibus delectatio relinquatur, Ps.-Cic. Cons. 26, 93.—With quemque in apposition with acc. plur.:

Camillus vidit intentos opifices suo quemque operi,

Liv. 6, 25, 9; so cujusque in appos. with gen. plur.: trium clarissimorum suae cujusque gentis virorum mors, id. 39, 52, 7; and cuique with dat. plur.: sui cuique mores fingunt fortunam hominibus, Poet. ap. Nep. Att. 11, 6 (where Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, 372, reads quique, ex conj.; cf. b. b, infra).—

Attraction of suus and quisque as adjuncts of nouns.

Attraction of suus:

ut nemo sit nostrum quin in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium requirat acrius (= suum cujusque generis judicium),

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

quas tamen inter omnes (voces) est suo quoque in genere (vox) mediocris ( = inter omnes voces est mediocris vox, sua quoque in genere),

id. de Or. 3, 57, 216:

eo concilia suae cujusque regionis indici jussit (= sua cujusque regionis concilia),

Liv. 45, 29, 10:

equites suae cuique parti post principia collocat (= equites suos cuique parti),

id. 3, 22, 6:

cum motibus armorum et corporum suae cuique genti assuetis,

id. 25, 17, 5:

legiones deducebantur cum tribunis et centurionibus et sui cujusque ordinis militibus (= suis cujusque),

Tac. A. 14, 27:

quae sui cujusque sunt ingenii,

Quint. 7, 10, 10 Halm (al. sua):

sui cujusque ingenii poma vel semina gerunt (= sua cujusque),

Col. 3, 1;

and by a double attraction: has (cohortes) subsidiariae ternae et aliae totidem suae cujusque legionis subsequebantur (= has cohortes... totidem cujusque legionis, suam quaeque legionem, subsequebantur),

Caes. B. C. 1, 83. —

Attraction of quisque:

tanta ibi copia venustatum in suo quique loco sita,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 6 (al. quaeque):

quodvis frumentum non tamen omne Quique suo genere inter se simile esse videbis,

Lucr. 2, 372 Lachm. and Munro ad loc.:

cum verba debeant sui cujusque generis copulari,

Varr. L. L. 10, 48:

in sensibus sui cujusque generis judicium,

Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 19:

haec igitur proclivitas ad suum quodque genus aegrotatio dicatur,

id. Tusc. 4, 12, 28:

separatim greges sui cujusque generis nocte remeabant (= greges sui quisque generis),

Liv. 24, 3, 5:

ut sui cujusque mensis acciperet (frumentum),

Suet. Aug. 40;

and quisque both attracted and in its own case: quia cujusque partis naturae et in corpore et in animo sua quaeque vis sit (where either cujusque or quaeque is redundant),

Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46; v. Madv. ad loc.; Cato, R. R. 23 fin.;

so esp. in the phrases suo quoque tempore, anno, die, loco, etc.: pecunia, quae in stipendium Romanis suo quoque anno penderetur, deerat (= suo quaeque anno),

each instalment in the year when due, Liv. 33, 46, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:

suo quoque loco,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2; 1, 22, 6:

opera quae suis quibusque temporibus anni vilicum exsequi oporteret,

Col. 11, 3:

suo quoque tempore,

Vitr. 2, 9, 4:

nisi sua quaque die usurae exsolverentur (= sua quaeque die),

Dig. 22, 1, 12 init.; 13, 7, 8, § 3:

ut opera rustica suo quoque tempore faciat,

ib. 19, 2, 25, § 3 (al. quaeque)—

In the order quisque... suus.

In relative clauses, comparative clauses with ut, and interrogative clauses introduced by quid, etc., where quisque immediately follows the relative, etc.:

ut quisque suom volt esse, ita est,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 45; cf.

with sibi,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 49; id. Lael. 9, 30:

expendere oportere quid quisque habeat sui... nec velle experiri quam se aliena deceant. Id enim maxime quemque decet quod est cujusque maxime suum,

id. Off. 1, 31, 113:

neque solum quid in senatu quisque civitatis suae dicerent ignorabant, sed, etc.,

Liv. 32, 19, 9:

gratius id fore laetiusque quod quisque sua manu ex hoste captum rettulerit,

id. 5, 20, 8; 6, 25, 10; cf.:

in quibus cum multa sint quae sua quisque dicere velit, nihil est quod quisque suum possit dicere,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 1.—

If the emphasis is not on suus, but (for quisque, when emphatic, unusquisque is used) on some other word:

in civitates quemque suas... dimisit,

Liv. 21, 48, 2:

in patriam quisque suam remissus est,

Just. 33, 2, 8:

in vestigio quemque suo vidit,

Liv. 28, 22, 15; cf.:

hospitibus quisque suis scribebant,

id. 33, 45, 6:

pro facultatibus quisque suis,

id. 42, 53, 3; cf.:

respiciendae sunt cuique facultates suae,

Sen. Ben. 2, 15, 3:

praecipitat quisque vitam suam et futuri desiderio laborat,

id. Brev. Vit. 7, 5; id. Ben. 7, 5, 1:

tunc praeceps quisque se proripit et penates suos deserit,

id. Q. N. 6, 1, 5; 5, 18, 8:

summum quisque causae suae judicem facit,

Plin. 1, prooem. § 10: aestimatione nocturnae [p. 1828] quietis, dimidio quisque spatio vitae suae vivit, id. 7, 50, 51, § 167.—

Poets adopt the order quisque suus when the metre requires it, Verg. A. 6, 743:

oscula quisque suae matri tulerunt,

Ov. F. 2, 715. —

When suus and quisque belong to different clauses:

atque earum quaeque, suum tenens munus... manet in lege naturae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 13, 38. —

Suus uterque, or uterque suus, distributively of two subjects:

suas uterque legiones reducit in castra,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40; 2, 28:

ideo quod uterque suam legem confirmare debebit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 142:

cum sui utrosque adhortarentur,

Liv. 1, 25, 1:

ad utrumque ducem sui redierunt,

id. 21, 29, 5:

utraque (lex) sua via it,

Sen. Ben. 6, 6, 1; cf.

uterque, in apposit.: nec ipsi tam inter se acriter contenderunt, quam studia excitaverant uterque sui corporis hominum,

Liv. 26, 48, 6.—

With sibi.

Sibi with pronom. force (cf. sui, IV. C. fin.):

reddam suum sibi,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 119 ( = ei; but referred to b, infra, by Brix ad loc.); cf.:

suam rem sibi salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

idem lege sibi sua curationem petet,

for himself, Cic. Agr. 2, 9, 22 (cf. id. Phil. 2, 37, 96;

I. B. 2. b. supra): ut vindicare sibi suum fulgorem possint,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 11; cf.

the formula of divorce: tuas res tibi habeto,

Dig. 24, 2, 2.—Hence, illam suam suas res sibi habere jussit, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69.—

With sibi redundant, to strengthen suus (anteand post-class. and colloq.):

quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 5:

eum necabam ilico per cerebrum pinna sua sibi, quasi turturem,

id. Poen. 2, 40; v. sui, IV. C. and the passages there cited.—

With gen. agreeing with the subject of suus:

quas cum solus pertulisset ut sua unius in his gratia esset,

that the credit of it should belong to him alone, Liv. 2, 8, 3:

qui de sua unius sententia omnia gerat,

id. 44, 22, 11; cf.:

unam Aegyptus in hoc spem habet suam,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 2.—For suus ipsius, etc., v. D. 1. b. supra.—

With demonstr., rel., or indef. pronn. and adjj., of his, hers, etc.:

postulat ut ad hanc suam praedam adjutores vos profiteamini,

to this booty of his, Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Sestius cum illo exercitu suo,

id. Sest. 5, 12:

qua gravitate sua,

id. ib. 61, 129:

suam rem publicam illam defenderunt,

that republic of theirs, id. ib. 67, 141:

in istum civem suum,

against this citizen of theirs, id. Balb. 18, 41:

cum illo suo pari,

id. Pis. 8, 18:

te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare potest?

id. Phil. 8, 6, 19:

dubitatis igitur, quin vos M. Laterensis ad suam spem aliquam delegerit,

for some hope of his, id. Planc. 16, 39:

non tam sua ulla spe quam militum impetu tractus,

by any hope of his, Liv. 25, 21, 5:

nullo suo merito,

from no fault of theirs, id. 26, 29, 4:

ipse arcano cum paucis familiaribus suis colloquitur,

with a few of his friends, Caes. B. C. 1, 19.—

With descriptive adjj.

Standing before the adj. and noun (so most freq.):

suorum improbissimorum sermonum domicilium,

Cic. Pis. 31, 76:

causam sui dementissimi consilii,

id. Phil. 2, 22, 53:

suam insatiabilem crudelitatem,

id. ib. 11, 3, 8:

suis amplissimis fortunis,

id. ib. 13, 8, 16:

suum pristinum morem,

id. Pis. 12, 27:

suis lenissimis postulatis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 5: simili ratione Pompeius in suis veteribus castris consedit (suis emphatic; cf. b, infra), id. ib. 3, 76.—

Between the adj. and noun (less emphatic):

pro eximiis suis beneficiis,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 4, 7:

propter summam suam humanitatem,

id. Fam. 15, 14, 1:

ex praeteritis suis officiis,

Caes. B. C. 3, 60:

Caesar in veteribus suis castris consedit,

id. ib. 3, 76.—

After adj. and noun:

veterem amicum suum excepit,

Cic. Rab. Post. 16, 43:

in illo ardenti tribunatu suo,

id. Sest. 54, 116.—

Objectively for the pers. pron. (rare):

neque cuiquam mortalium injuriae suae parvae videntur ( = sibi illatae),

Sall. C. 51, 11; so,

neglectam ab Scipione et nimis leviter latam suam injuriam ratus,

Liv. 29, 9, 9:

ipsae enim leges te a cognitione sua judicio publico reppulerunt ( = a se cognoscendo),

Cic. Balb. 14, 32:

suam invidiam tali morte quaesitam ( = quaesitum esse ab eo ut homines se inviderent),

Tac. A. 3, 16; so,

nulla sua invidia,

Cic. Mil. 15, 40.—

Abl. fem. sua, with refert or interest, for gen. of the pers. pron.: neminem esse qui quomodo se habeat nihil sua censeat interesse, Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 30:

si scit sua nihil interesse utrum anima per os, an per jugulum exeat,

Sen. Ep. 76, 33; v. intersum, III.—

Strengthened by the suffix - pte or -met.

By - pte (not used with ipse) affixed to the forms sua, suo, and (ante-class.) suum:

quom illa osculata esset suumpte amicum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 38:

ut terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferantur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

ferri suopte pondere,

id. N. D. 1, 25, 69:

suapte natura,

id. Fat. 18, 42:

suapte vi et natura,

id. ib. 19, 43; id. Fin. 1, 16, 54; 5, 22, 61:

suopte ingenio,

Liv. 25, 18; so id. 1, 25, 1; 1, 18, 4:

suapte manu,

Cic. Or. 3, 3, 10:

locus suapte natura infestus,

Liv. 44, 6, 9; so,

suapte natura,

id. 4, 22, 4:

flumina suapte natura vasta,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 8; so id. Ben. 4, 17, 2:

sponte suapte,

Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 70.—

With - met, almost always followed by ipse (in all forms of suus except suus, suum, suae, and suorum):

suomet ipsi more,

Sall. J. 31, 6:

suomet ipsi instrumento,

Liv. 22, 14, 13:

suomet ipsi metu,

Tac. H. 3, 16 fin.:

suamet ipsum pecunia,

Sall. J. 8, 2:

suamet ipsae fraude,

Liv. 8, 18, 9:

intra suamet ipsum moenia,

id. 6, 36, 4:

suismet ipsi praesidiis,

id. 8, 25, 6:

suismet ipsis corporibus,

id. 2, 19, 5:

suosmet ipsi cives,

id. 2, 9, 5:

suasmet ipse spes,

Tac. A. 3, 66 fin. —Without ipse:

populum suimet sanguinis mercede,

Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 41, 25 Dietsch:

magna pars suismet aut proxumorum telis obtruncabantur,

id. ib. 2, 52 ib.