friendly

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

bĕnignus, a, um, adj. [as if benigenus, from bonus genus, anal. with malignus and privignus], of a good kind or nature, beneficent, kind.

Of feeling or deportment towards others, kind, good, friendly, pleasing, favorable, benignant:

nam generi lenonio, Numquam ullus deus tam benignus fuit qui fuerit propitius,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34:

benignus et lepidus et comis,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 39:

boni et benigni,

id. Phorm. 5, 2, 2:

comes, benigni, faciles, suaves homines esse dicuntur,

Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

Apelles in aemulis benignus,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 88;

id. praef. § 21: divi,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 52:

numen,

id. ib. 4, 4, 74; cf. Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 34 al.—

Of things, friendly, favorable, pleasant, mild:

animus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 22:

oratio,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48:

sociorum comitas vultusque benigni,

Liv. 9, 6, 8; 30, 14, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 20:

verba,

Prop. 1, 10, 24:

benigniora verba,

Liv. 21, 19, 11.—In the jurists, interpretatio, a mild, favorable interpretation (opp. dura, which follows the strictness of the letter; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31 sq.), Dig. 39, 5, 16:

semper in dubiis benigniora praeferenda sunt,

ib. 50, 17, 56:

benignior sententia,

ib. 37, 6, 8.—

Poet., = faustus, lucky, propitious, favorable:

dies,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 108:

nox,

id. Th. 10, 216.—

More freq. of action, beneficent, obliging, that gives or imparts freely, liberal, bounteous, etc.:

erga te benignus fui, atque opera mea Haec tibi sunt servata,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 33; id. Trin. 3, 3, 12; 2, 4, 58:

fortuna... Nunc mihi, nunc alii benigna,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 52:

qui benigniores volunt esse, quam res patitur, peccant,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44:

qui liberalis benignusque dicitur,

id. Leg. 1, 18, 48:

facilius in timore benigni quam in victoriā grati reperiuntur,

id. ad Brut. 1, 15, 8.— Poet., with gen.:

vini somnique benignus,

a hard drinker and a lover of sleep, Hor. S. 2, 3, 3.—Opp. to bonae frugi = prodigus, prodigal, lavish:

est benignus potius quam bonae frugi,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 20.—

Of things (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose; cf. malignus), yielding liberally, abundant, fruitful, fertile, copious, rich: et magnas messes terra benigna daret, Tib [p. 233] 3, 3, 6:

ager,

Ov. Am. 1, 10, 56:

tellus,

Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 1:

vepres,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 8:

cornu,

id. C. 1, 17, 15:

egens benignae Tantalus semper dapis,

id. Epod. 17, 66:

ingenī Benigna vena est,

id. C. 2, 18, 10:

praeda,

Ov. F. 5, 174:

benigna materia gratias agendi Romanis,

Liv. 42, 38, 6: quem (ordinem) persequi longa est magis quam benigna materia, fruitful, or suitable for exhibition, Mel. prooem. § 1;

so Seneca: primus liber.. benigniorem habuit materiem,

Sen. Ira, 2, 1, 1:

ipse materiā risūs benignissima,

id. Const. 18, 1 (cf. also in Gr. aphthonos):

aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11 (sermone multo et liberali et largo, Lamb.):

benignissimum inventum, i. e. beneficentissimum,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 11. —Hence, adv.: bĕnignē (ante-class. collat. form bĕnignĭter).

In a friendly manner, kindly, benevolently, courteously, benignly:

benigne et amice facere,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109:

me benignius Omnes salutant quam salutabant prius,

id. Aul. 1, 2, 36:

ecquid ego possiem Blande dicere aut benigne facere,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24:

viam monstrare,

courteously, politely, Cic. Balb. 16, 36:

salutare,

id. Phil. 13, 2, 4:

audire,

id. Clu. 3, 8:

polliceri,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 3:

servire alicui,

Cat. 76, 3:

respondere,

Sall. J. 11, 1; Liv. 27, 4, 7:

milites adpellare,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

habere,

id. ib. 113, 2:

alloqui,

Liv. 1, 28, 1:

audire aliquem,

id. 1, 9, 4:

excipere aliquem,

id. 2, 35, 6; 21, 19, 7; Tac. A. 1, 57:

arma capere,

readily, willingly, Liv. 3, 26, 1:

audire,

Suet. Aug. 89.—In the ante-class. form benigniter, Titin. ap. Non. p. 510, 13, and Prisc. p 1010 P.—

Mildly, indulgently (in jurid. Lat.):

in poenalibus causis benignius interpretandum est,

Dig. 50, 17, 155; ib. 44, 7, 1, § 13:

benignissime rescripserunt,

ib. 37, 14, 4.—

Benigne dicis, or absol. benigne, used in colloquial lang. in thanking one for something, both when it is taken and when it is refused (the latter a courtly formula like the Gr. ainô se, zêlô se, kalôs, kallista; cf. recte), you are very kind, I thank you very much, am under great obligation; no, I thank you.

In receiving: As. Peregre cum advenis, cena detur. Di. Benigne dicis, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 27; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 62.—

In declining:

frumentum, inquit, me abs te emere oportet. Optime. Modium denario. Benigne ac liberaliter: nam ego ternis HS non possum vendere, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196:

dic Ad cenam veniat.. Benigne Respondet. Neget ille mihi? etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 62; id. ib. 1, 7, 16 Schmid.—

Abundantly, liberally, freely, generously:

pecuniam praebere,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 37; id. Aul. 4, 4, 20; Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 1; Cic. Off. 2, 15, 52 and 53; Sall. J. 68, 3; Liv. 9, 31, 5; 9, 32. 2:

benignius Deprome quadrimum,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 6:

paulo benignius ipsum Te tractare voles,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 11. —

Benigne facere alicui = bene facere, to do a favor, to show favor, Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 24 Ruhnk.; Cat. 73, 3:

qui plurimis in istā provinciā benigne fecisti,

Cic. Fam. 13, 67, 1; id. Off. 1, 14, 42; id. Inv. 1, 55, 109; Liv. 4, 14, 5; 28, 39, 18; Gell. 17, 5, 10 al.; cf. Rutil. Lup. p. 127 Ruhnk. (175 Frotscher).

com-mŏdus, a, um, adj., that has a due or proper measure; hence,

Object., complete, perfect, of full weight or measure, fit, suitable, due, proper, etc. (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose;

most freq. in Plaut.): statura,

a tall stature, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21:

capillus,

id. Most. 1, 3, 98:

viginti argenti minae,

full twenty, id. As. 3, 3, 134 (cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 144: minae bonae); id. Merc. 2, 3, 101:

talentum argenti,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 31; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 266, 27:

novem cyathis commodis miscentur pocula,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 12:

alimenta,

Dig. 34, 1, 16, § 1:

capitis valetudo commodior,

more firm, Cels. 8, 1; Quint. 6, 3, 77;

and transf. to the person: vivere filium atque etiam commodiorem esse,

to be better, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 4.—

Subject., suitable, fit, convenient, opportune, commodious, easy, appropriate for some one or something, favorable, friendly to (in every period and species of composition); constr. with dat. or absol., rarely with ad (v. the foll.).

Of things.

With dat.

Of the purpose or use:

curationi omnia commodiora,

Liv. 30, 19, 5:

nec pecori opportuna seges nec commoda Baccho,

Verg. G. 4, 129.—

Of the person:

hoc et vobis et meae commodum famae arbitror,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 9:

quod erit mihi bonum et commodum,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 81:

nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est (corresp. with prodesse),

Liv. 34, 3, 5:

primordia eloquentiae mortalibus,

Tac. Or. 12:

hanc sibi commodissimam belli rationem judicavit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 85:

quae sit stella homini commoda, quaeque mala,

Prop. 2 (3), 27, 4.—

Absol.:

hiberna,

Liv. 42, 67, 8:

longius ceterum commodius iter,

id. 22, 2, 2; cf.:

commodissimus in Britanniam transjectus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2:

commodius anni tempus,

Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 3:

faciliore ac commodiore judicio,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 8:

litterae satis commodae de Britannicis rebus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 25:

mores,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

commodissimum esse statuit, omnes naves subduci, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11.—

With or without dat. pers. in the phrase commodum est, it pleases, is agreeable, = libet:

proinde ut commodum est,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 8; 3, 1, 2: dum erit commodum, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 38:

si id non commodum est,

id. Eun. 3, 2, 49; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33 Ascon.; 2, 2, 16, § 39; 2, 1, 26, § 65; 2, 3, 70, § 165; id. Div. 1, 49, 111; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87; Plin. Pan. 48, 1:

id si tibi erit commodum, cures velim,

Cic. Att. 13, 48, 2; Cels. 4, 4; 4, 22.—

With ad and acc. of purpose (very rare):

nec satis ad cursus commoda vestis Erat,

Ov. F. 2, 288.—

With sup. in u (rare):

hoc exornationis genus... commodum est auditu,

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 26.—

Of persons, serving a neighbor or (more freq.) accommodating one ' s self to his wishes, useful, serviceable, pleasant, agreeable, obliging, neighborly, friendly, polite, affable, gentle, etc.:

mihi commodus uni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 227:

quemquamne existimas Catone commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?

Cic. Mur. 31, 66:

commodior mitiorque,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 39:

Apronius, qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

convivae,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 2; cf.:

commodus comissator,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8; and:

commodus meis sodalibus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 1:

homines,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 28:

mulier commoda, Faceta,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 10; cf. id. And. 5, 2, 3.—In a double sense with I. supra:

ubi tu commoda's, capillum commodum esse credito,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 98.— Poet., of the measure of iambic verse:

spondeos in jura paterna recepit Commodus et patiens,

sharing the paternal rights with them, in a fraternal manner, Hor. A. P. 257.—Hence,

Subst.: commŏdum, i, n.

A convenient opportunity, favorable condition, convenience (rare, but in good prose):

nostrum exspectare,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1:

cum tamdiu sedens meum commodum exspectet,

id. ib. 14, 2, 3;

12, 38, 1: velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

when it shall be convenient for you, id. ib. 12, 28, 3.—More freq.,

In the connection commodo meo, tuo, etc., per commodum, ex commodo, at, or according to my, thy, etc., convenience, conveniently, at one ' s leisure:

etiamsi spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

according to our convenience, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56:

quod commodo tuo fiat,

id. Fam. 4, 2, 4; 1, 1, 3; id. Att. 13, 48, 1: suo commodo me convenire, Caes. ap. Cic. ib. 14, 1, 2:

ubi consul copias per commodum exponere posset,

Liv. 42, 18, 3:

tamquam lecturus ex commodo,

Sen. Ep. 46, 1; Col. 12, 19, 3;

so opp. festinanter,

id. 6, 2, 14.—

Advantage, profit (very freq. in all periods and species of composition):

commodum est, quod plus usus habet quam molestiae: bonum sincerum debet esse et ab omni parte innoxium,

Sen. Ep. 87, 36 sq.:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

ut ex illius commodo meum compararem commodum,

id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17; cf. id. Hec. 5, 3, 42; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 23:

cui tam subito tot congruerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

(honestatem) ipsam suo splendore ad se animos ducere, nullo prorsus commodo extrinsecus posito, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Ac. 3, 7, 15 (IV. 2, p. 470 Orell.): sequi matris commodum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 31:

pacis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 82, 335:

contra valetudinis commodum laborare,

to the injury of health, id. Mur. 23, 47:

mea,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 37:

in publica peccem,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

populi commoda,

Nep. Phoc. 4, 1.—

Specif., a reward, pay, stipend, salary, wages for public service: veteranorum, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 3:

omnibus provincialibus ornamentis commodisque depositis,

emoluments, id. Red. in Sen. 14, 35; Suet. Ner. 32; cf.:

emeritae militiae,

id. Calig. 44; id. Aug. 49; cf. also id. Vit. 15; id. Galb. 12:

militibus commoda dare,

Ov. A. A. 1, 131 sq.:

tribunatus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

missionum,

Suet. Aug. 49.—

A favor, privilege, immunity, Suet. Aug. 31; id. Claud. 19.—

A useful thing, a good:

commoda vitae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; Lucr. 3, 2; cf.:

cetera opinione bona sunt... proprietas in illis boni non est. Itaque commoda vocentur,

Sen. Ep. 74, 17:

inter commoda illas (divitias) numeratis: atqui eādem ratione ne commodum quidem erunt,

id. ib. 87, 29. —

Sometimes commodo or per commodum, adverb. antith. to that which is [p. 382] injurious, without injury or detriment:

ut regem reducas, quod commodo rei publicae facere possis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

si per commodum reipublicae posset, Romam venisset,

Liv. 10, 25, 17.—

Concr., = commodatum, that which is lent, a loan:

qui forum et basilicas commodis hospitum, non furtis nocentium ornarent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf. Isid. Orig. 5, 25, 16.—

Advv.:

commŏdum, adv. temp. (only in colloquial lang. and post-class. prose writers).

At a fit time, just in time, at the very nick, at the very moment, opportunely, seasonably ( = opportune, eukairôs):

ecce autem commodum aperitur foris,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 61:

commodum adveni domum,

id. Am. 2, 2, 37:

orditur loqui,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 12:

ipse exit Lesbonicus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9: eukairôs ad me venit, cum haberem Dolabellam, Torquatus... commodum egeram diligentissime, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1; Symm. Ep. 2, 47. —

To designate a point of time that corresponds with another, or that just precedes it, just, just then, just now.

Absol.:

ad te hercle ibam commodum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 3; Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

Taurus, sectatoribus commodum dimissis, sedebat, etc.,

Gell. 2, 2, 2:

si istac ibis, commodum obviam venies patri,

just meet, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 107. —

With postquam or (more freq.) with cum in a parallel clause:

postquam me misisti ad portum cum luci simul, Commodum radiosus ecce sol superabat ex mari,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41:

quom huc respicio ad virginem, Illa sese interea commodum huc advorterat,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 52:

commodum discesseras heri, cum Trebatius venit,

Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

emerseram commodum ex Antiati in Appiam, cum in me incurrit Curio,

id. ib. 2, 12, 2 B. and K. (al. commode); so with the pluperf. and a foll. cum, id. ib. 13, 19, 1; 13, 30, 2; 10, 16, 1; App. M. 1, p. 107, 15:

adducitur a Veneriis Lollius commodum cum Apronius e palaestrā redisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 B. and K. (Zumpt, commode):

cum jam filiae nostrae dies natalis appeteret, commodum aderant, quae muneri miseratis,

Symm. Ep. 3, 50. —

commŏdŏ, adv. temp., = commodum, a., just in time, seasonably, just at this time (ante-class. and very rare): commodo eccum exit, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 177 P. (i. e. in tempore, Charis.): commodo de parte superiore descendebat, Sisenn. ib.: commodo dictitemus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 174; cf. id. ib. p. 177.—

commŏdē, adv.

(Acc. to commodus, I.) Duly, properly, completely, rightly, well, skilfully, neatly, etc. (class.):

suo quique loco viden' capillus satis compositu'st commode?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97: commode amictus non sum, id. Fragm. ap. Gell. 18, 12, 3:

saltare, Nep. praef. § 1: legere,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 3; cf. in comp., id. ib. 9, 34, 1:

multa breviter et commode dicta,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf. id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 9; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 20; 1, 2, 33 al.:

cogitare,

id. Heaut. prol. 14:

audire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

valere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11:

feceris commode mihique gratum, si, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 3 fin.:

commode facere, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 7, 7; in comp.:

commodius fecissent tribuni plebis, si, etc.,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 1.—In medic.:

commode facere,

to do well, be beneficial, Cels. 4, 12.—

(Acc. to commodus, II.)

Conveniently, suitably, opportunely, fitly, aptly, appropriately:

magis commode quam strenue navigavi,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1:

ille satis scite et commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

id. ib. 14, 7, 2:

explorat, quo commodissime itinere valles transiri possit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49 fin.:

hoc ego commodius quam tu vivo,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 110; cf.:

consumere vitiatum commodius quam integrum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 91; Quint. 6, 3, 54:

cui commodissime subjungitur,

id. 9, 3, 82; cf. id. 4, 1, 76.—

In a friendly manner, pleasantly, gently, kindly:

acceptae bene et commode eximus,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 1; id. Poen. 1, 2, 190; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 48.—

(Equiv. to commodum, adv. b.) Just, just at the moment when, etc.; only v.l. in the doubtful passages cited supra, commodum, b. fin.

Commŏdus, i, m., a Roman cognomen; so L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus, Roman emperor, Lampr. Commod. 1 sq.; Eutr. 8, 15 al.—Hence,

Commŏdĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Commodus: horti, Lampr. Commod. 8:

thermae,

Spart. Nigid. 6 al. —

Commŏ-dĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

Nonae,

Lampr. Commod. 12; cf. id. ib. 11.—

Commŏ-dus, a, um, adj., the same: mensis, i. e. August, which Commodus wished to name after himself, Lampr. Commod. 11.

com-mŏdus, a, um, adj., that has a due or proper measure; hence,

Object., complete, perfect, of full weight or measure, fit, suitable, due, proper, etc. (mostly poet. or in post-Aug. prose;

most freq. in Plaut.): statura,

a tall stature, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21:

capillus,

id. Most. 1, 3, 98:

viginti argenti minae,

full twenty, id. As. 3, 3, 134 (cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 144: minae bonae); id. Merc. 2, 3, 101:

talentum argenti,

id. Rud. 5, 2, 31; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 266, 27:

novem cyathis commodis miscentur pocula,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 12:

alimenta,

Dig. 34, 1, 16, § 1:

capitis valetudo commodior,

more firm, Cels. 8, 1; Quint. 6, 3, 77;

and transf. to the person: vivere filium atque etiam commodiorem esse,

to be better, Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 4.—

Subject., suitable, fit, convenient, opportune, commodious, easy, appropriate for some one or something, favorable, friendly to (in every period and species of composition); constr. with dat. or absol., rarely with ad (v. the foll.).

Of things.

With dat.

Of the purpose or use:

curationi omnia commodiora,

Liv. 30, 19, 5:

nec pecori opportuna seges nec commoda Baccho,

Verg. G. 4, 129.—

Of the person:

hoc et vobis et meae commodum famae arbitror,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 9:

quod erit mihi bonum et commodum,

id. Phorm. 1, 2, 81:

nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est (corresp. with prodesse),

Liv. 34, 3, 5:

primordia eloquentiae mortalibus,

Tac. Or. 12:

hanc sibi commodissimam belli rationem judicavit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 85:

quae sit stella homini commoda, quaeque mala,

Prop. 2 (3), 27, 4.—

Absol.:

hiberna,

Liv. 42, 67, 8:

longius ceterum commodius iter,

id. 22, 2, 2; cf.:

commodissimus in Britanniam transjectus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2:

commodius anni tempus,

Cic. Att. 9, 3, 1; cf. Ter. And. 5, 2, 3:

faciliore ac commodiore judicio,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 8:

litterae satis commodae de Britannicis rebus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 25:

mores,

id. Lael. 15, 54:

commodissimum esse statuit, omnes naves subduci, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 11.—

With or without dat. pers. in the phrase commodum est, it pleases, is agreeable, = libet:

proinde ut commodum est,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 8; 3, 1, 2: dum erit commodum, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 38:

si id non commodum est,

id. Eun. 3, 2, 49; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 37; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 13, § 33 Ascon.; 2, 2, 16, § 39; 2, 1, 26, § 65; 2, 3, 70, § 165; id. Div. 1, 49, 111; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87; Plin. Pan. 48, 1:

id si tibi erit commodum, cures velim,

Cic. Att. 13, 48, 2; Cels. 4, 4; 4, 22.—

With ad and acc. of purpose (very rare):

nec satis ad cursus commoda vestis Erat,

Ov. F. 2, 288.—

With sup. in u (rare):

hoc exornationis genus... commodum est auditu,

Auct. Her. 4, 18, 26.—

Of persons, serving a neighbor or (more freq.) accommodating one ' s self to his wishes, useful, serviceable, pleasant, agreeable, obliging, neighborly, friendly, polite, affable, gentle, etc.:

mihi commodus uni,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 2, 1, 227:

quemquamne existimas Catone commodiorem, communiorem, moderatiorem fuisse ad omnem rationem humanitatis?

Cic. Mur. 31, 66:

commodior mitiorque,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 39:

Apronius, qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

convivae,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 2; cf.:

commodus comissator,

Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 8; and:

commodus meis sodalibus,

Hor. C. 4, 8, 1:

homines,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 28:

mulier commoda, Faceta,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 10; cf. id. And. 5, 2, 3.—In a double sense with I. supra:

ubi tu commoda's, capillum commodum esse credito,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 98.— Poet., of the measure of iambic verse:

spondeos in jura paterna recepit Commodus et patiens,

sharing the paternal rights with them, in a fraternal manner, Hor. A. P. 257.—Hence,

Subst.: commŏdum, i, n.

A convenient opportunity, favorable condition, convenience (rare, but in good prose):

nostrum exspectare,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1:

cum tamdiu sedens meum commodum exspectet,

id. ib. 14, 2, 3;

12, 38, 1: velim aliquando, cum erit tuum commodum, Lentulum puerum visas,

when it shall be convenient for you, id. ib. 12, 28, 3.—More freq.,

In the connection commodo meo, tuo, etc., per commodum, ex commodo, at, or according to my, thy, etc., convenience, conveniently, at one ' s leisure:

etiamsi spatium ad dicendum nostro commodo vacuosque dies habuissemus,

according to our convenience, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56:

quod commodo tuo fiat,

id. Fam. 4, 2, 4; 1, 1, 3; id. Att. 13, 48, 1: suo commodo me convenire, Caes. ap. Cic. ib. 14, 1, 2:

ubi consul copias per commodum exponere posset,

Liv. 42, 18, 3:

tamquam lecturus ex commodo,

Sen. Ep. 46, 1; Col. 12, 19, 3;

so opp. festinanter,

id. 6, 2, 14.—

Advantage, profit (very freq. in all periods and species of composition):

commodum est, quod plus usus habet quam molestiae: bonum sincerum debet esse et ab omni parte innoxium,

Sen. Ep. 87, 36 sq.:

ut malis gaudeant atque ex incommodis Alterius sua ut comparent commoda,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 4:

ut ex illius commodo meum compararem commodum,

id. Heaut. 2, 4, 17; cf. id. Hec. 5, 3, 42; Cic. N. D. 1, 9, 23:

cui tam subito tot congruerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

(honestatem) ipsam suo splendore ad se animos ducere, nullo prorsus commodo extrinsecus posito, Cic. Ac. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Ac. 3, 7, 15 (IV. 2, p. 470 Orell.): sequi matris commodum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 31:

pacis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 82, 335:

contra valetudinis commodum laborare,

to the injury of health, id. Mur. 23, 47:

mea,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 37:

in publica peccem,

id. ib. 2, 1, 3; cf.:

populi commoda,

Nep. Phoc. 4, 1.—

Specif., a reward, pay, stipend, salary, wages for public service: veteranorum, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2, 3:

omnibus provincialibus ornamentis commodisque depositis,

emoluments, id. Red. in Sen. 14, 35; Suet. Ner. 32; cf.:

emeritae militiae,

id. Calig. 44; id. Aug. 49; cf. also id. Vit. 15; id. Galb. 12:

militibus commoda dare,

Ov. A. A. 1, 131 sq.:

tribunatus,

Cic. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

missionum,

Suet. Aug. 49.—

A favor, privilege, immunity, Suet. Aug. 31; id. Claud. 19.—

A useful thing, a good:

commoda vitae,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; Lucr. 3, 2; cf.:

cetera opinione bona sunt... proprietas in illis boni non est. Itaque commoda vocentur,

Sen. Ep. 74, 17:

inter commoda illas (divitias) numeratis: atqui eādem ratione ne commodum quidem erunt,

id. ib. 87, 29. —

Sometimes commodo or per commodum, adverb. antith. to that which is [p. 382] injurious, without injury or detriment:

ut regem reducas, quod commodo rei publicae facere possis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 3:

si per commodum reipublicae posset, Romam venisset,

Liv. 10, 25, 17.—

Concr., = commodatum, that which is lent, a loan:

qui forum et basilicas commodis hospitum, non furtis nocentium ornarent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf. Isid. Orig. 5, 25, 16.—

Advv.:

commŏdum, adv. temp. (only in colloquial lang. and post-class. prose writers).

At a fit time, just in time, at the very nick, at the very moment, opportunely, seasonably ( = opportune, eukairôs):

ecce autem commodum aperitur foris,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 61:

commodum adveni domum,

id. Am. 2, 2, 37:

orditur loqui,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 12:

ipse exit Lesbonicus,

id. ib. 2, 3, 9: eukairôs ad me venit, cum haberem Dolabellam, Torquatus... commodum egeram diligentissime, Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1; Symm. Ep. 2, 47. —

To designate a point of time that corresponds with another, or that just precedes it, just, just then, just now.

Absol.:

ad te hercle ibam commodum,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 3; Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 9:

Taurus, sectatoribus commodum dimissis, sedebat, etc.,

Gell. 2, 2, 2:

si istac ibis, commodum obviam venies patri,

just meet, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 107. —

With postquam or (more freq.) with cum in a parallel clause:

postquam me misisti ad portum cum luci simul, Commodum radiosus ecce sol superabat ex mari,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 41:

quom huc respicio ad virginem, Illa sese interea commodum huc advorterat,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 52:

commodum discesseras heri, cum Trebatius venit,

Cic. Att. 13, 9, 1:

emerseram commodum ex Antiati in Appiam, cum in me incurrit Curio,

id. ib. 2, 12, 2 B. and K. (al. commode); so with the pluperf. and a foll. cum, id. ib. 13, 19, 1; 13, 30, 2; 10, 16, 1; App. M. 1, p. 107, 15:

adducitur a Veneriis Lollius commodum cum Apronius e palaestrā redisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 B. and K. (Zumpt, commode):

cum jam filiae nostrae dies natalis appeteret, commodum aderant, quae muneri miseratis,

Symm. Ep. 3, 50. —

commŏdŏ, adv. temp., = commodum, a., just in time, seasonably, just at this time (ante-class. and very rare): commodo eccum exit, Titin. ap. Charis. p. 177 P. (i. e. in tempore, Charis.): commodo de parte superiore descendebat, Sisenn. ib.: commodo dictitemus, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 174; cf. id. ib. p. 177.—

commŏdē, adv.

(Acc. to commodus, I.) Duly, properly, completely, rightly, well, skilfully, neatly, etc. (class.):

suo quique loco viden' capillus satis compositu'st commode?

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97: commode amictus non sum, id. Fragm. ap. Gell. 18, 12, 3:

saltare, Nep. praef. § 1: legere,

Plin. Ep. 5, 19, 3; cf. in comp., id. ib. 9, 34, 1:

multa breviter et commode dicta,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1; cf. id. de Or. 1, 53, 227; id. Rosc. Am. 4, 9; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 20; 1, 2, 33 al.:

cogitare,

id. Heaut. prol. 14:

audire,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

valere,

Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 11:

feceris commode mihique gratum, si, etc.,

Cic. Att. 10, 3 fin.:

commode facere, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 11, 7, 7; in comp.:

commodius fecissent tribuni plebis, si, etc.,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 1.—In medic.:

commode facere,

to do well, be beneficial, Cels. 4, 12.—

(Acc. to commodus, II.)

Conveniently, suitably, opportunely, fitly, aptly, appropriately:

magis commode quam strenue navigavi,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1:

ille satis scite et commode tempus ad te cepit adeundi,

id. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

vos istic commodissime sperem esse,

id. ib. 14, 7, 2:

explorat, quo commodissime itinere valles transiri possit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49 fin.:

hoc ego commodius quam tu vivo,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 110; cf.:

consumere vitiatum commodius quam integrum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 91; Quint. 6, 3, 54:

cui commodissime subjungitur,

id. 9, 3, 82; cf. id. 4, 1, 76.—

In a friendly manner, pleasantly, gently, kindly:

acceptae bene et commode eximus,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 1, 1; id. Poen. 1, 2, 190; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 48.—

(Equiv. to commodum, adv. b.) Just, just at the moment when, etc.; only v.l. in the doubtful passages cited supra, commodum, b. fin.

Commŏdus, i, m., a Roman cognomen; so L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus, Roman emperor, Lampr. Commod. 1 sq.; Eutr. 8, 15 al.—Hence,

Commŏdĭā-nus, a, um, adj., of or pertaining to Commodus: horti, Lampr. Commod. 8:

thermae,

Spart. Nigid. 6 al. —

Commŏ-dĭus, a, um, adj., the same:

Nonae,

Lampr. Commod. 12; cf. id. ib. 11.—

Commŏ-dus, a, um, adj., the same: mensis, i. e. August, which Commodus wished to name after himself, Lampr. Commod. 11.

fămĭlĭāris, e ( abl. sing. regularly familiari; familiare, Varr. and P. Rutil. ap. Charis. p. 105 P.), adj. [familia].

Of or belonging to servants (rare; only as subst.): fămĭlĭāris, is, m., a servant:

majores nostri servos (quod etiam in mimis adhuc durat) familiares appellaverunt,

Sen. Ep. 47 med.:

hujus familiae familiarem,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 203; id. Ep. 1, 1, 2.—

Of or belonging to a house, household, or family; household, domestic, family, private (freq. and class.):

fundus,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 24; cf.

focus,

Col. 11, 1, 19:

filius,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 23:

negotiis familiaribus impediti,

Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1; cf.:

res domesticae ac familiares,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; so,

res,

the household, family affairs, property, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 88; Caes. B. G. 1, 18, 4; Quint. 12, 1, 6; 12, 7, 9:

ab domo ab re familiari, diutius abesse,

Liv. 5, 4, 6 al.; cf.

copiae,

Liv. 2, 16, 7:

pecuniae,

Tac. A. 4, 15:

rationes,

id. ib. 6, 16:

curae,

id. ib. 11, 7:

referam nunc interiorem ac familiarem ejus vitam,

Suet. Aug. 61:

vita,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 46:

quis umquam in luctu domestico, quis in funere familiari cenavit cum toga pulla?

Cic. Vatin. 13, 31: parricidium, i. e. committed on a member of the same family, Att. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67:

maeror,

a family grief, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 60:

Lar,

Cic. Quint. 27, 85; id. Verr. 2, 3, 11, § 27; id. Rep. 5, 5 Mos. N. cr., v. Lar; cf.:

numen Minerva,

Quint. 10, 1, 91.—

Transf.

Familiar, intimate, friendly, and (more freq.) subst., a familiar acquaintance, friend (syn.: amicus, familiaris, intimus, necessarius).

With substt.:

videmus Papum Aemilium C. Luscino familiarem fuisse, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 11, 39:

biduo factus est mihi familiaris,

id. Fam. 3, 1, 2; id. Phil. 2, 32, 78; id. Rep. 2, 20; cf. id. Fam. 7, 8, 1:

amici,

Plin. Ep. 9, 34, 1; 9, 37, 1:

sermones,

Cic. Off. 2, 11, 39; id. Fam. 15, 15, 1; id. Att. 1, 9, 1; cf.

epistolae,

Quint. 1, 1, 29:

minus familiari vultu respexisse,

friendly, Suet. Caes. 78:

voltus ille,

Cic. Att. 1, 11, 1:

colloquium,

Liv. 25, 18, 5:

jam inde a puero in omnia familiaria jura assuetus,

the rights of intimacy, id. 24, 5, 9:

voluntas,

Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 1; cf.:

vox auribus meis familiaris,

Petr. 100:

familiaribus magis ei aetati exemplis,

Quint. 5, 10, 96:

exempla,

id. 7, 2, 17; 9, 4, 44:

verba regionibus quibusdam magis familiaria,

id. 8, 2, 13:

litterae,

Suet. Tib. 62.— Comp.:

qui familiarior nobis propter scriptorum multitudinem est,

Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 71:

aditus in domum,

Liv. 24, 5, 7:

frater ei (with carior),

Nep. Att. 16, 2:

quo boves familiariores bubulco fiant,

Col. 6, 2, 6:

color argenti militaribus signis,

Plin. 33, 3, 19, § 58. — Sup.:

homo amantissimus familiarissimus, conjunctissimus officiis,

Cic. Sull. 20, 57; cf. id. Att. 16, 16, F. 17:

luna terris familiarissimum sidus,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 41; 16, 18, 30, § 75; 16, 31, 57, § 131.—

Absol.:

est ex meis domesticis atque intimis familiaribus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 1, 3:

familiaris meus,

id. Lael. 24, 89:

per C. Valerium Procillum familiarem suum cum eo colloquitur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19, 3:

Caelii,

Cic. Cael. 25, 61:

pauci familiares,

id. Lael. 1, 2.— Sup.:

quod M. Aemulius unus est ex meis familiarissimis atque intimis maxime necessarius,

Cic. Fam. 13, 27, 2; cf.:

intimus, proximus, familiarissimus quisque,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 1:

familiarissimus meus,

id. Fam. 13, 13, 1:

familiarissimi ejus,

id. Rep. 1, 9.—

Of or belonging to one's self, to one's own people or country (cf. domesticus); only in the lang. of the haruspices, of those parts of the animal which related to the party that sacrificed (opp. hostilis):

(haruspices) fissum familiare et vitale tractant,

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; cf.:

Decio caput jecinoris a familiari parte caesum haruspex dicitur ostendisse,

Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf.:

mater procurans familiare ostentum,

Liv. 26, 6, 14.—

Familiar, customary, habitual:

mihi familiare est omnes cogitationes meas tecum communicare,

Plin. Ep. 4, 24, 7; 2, 5, 10:

familiare est hominibus omnia sibi ignoscere,

Vell. 2, 30, 3:

fuisse statuariam artem familiarem Italiae quoque indicant,

Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 33; 35, 7, 31, § 49.—

Fitting, appropriate, adapted:

quae peregrina... transferuntur, minus sunt familiaria nostro solo quam vernacula,

Col. 3, 4, 1:

familiarissimum hoc platanis,

Plin. 16, 31, 57, § 131:

hipposelinum sabulosis familiarissimum,

id. 19, 8, 48, § 163.—Hence, fămĭlĭārĭter, adv.

By families:

agros in montibus Romani acceperunt familiariter,

Front. de Colon. p. 119 Goes.—

Familiarly, intimately, on friendly terms (freq. and class.):

hominem ignotum compellare familiariter,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 23; cf.:

nimium familiariter Me attrectas,

id. Rud. 2, 4, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 2:

nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere, quicum familiariter vixeris,

Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

familiariter amicus,

Quint. 1, 2, 15:

amatum a me,

id. 10, 3, 12:

dilectus,

Plin. Ep. 9, 19, 5 et saep.:

loqui,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 12, 37:

scribere,

id. Att. 9, 4, 1: nosse causas, i. e. to be familiarly or intimately, accurately acquainted with, Quint. 6, 4, 8; 5, 7, 7:

quod ex longinquo petitur, parum familiariter nostro solo venit,

i. e. suitable, adapted, Col. Arb. 1, 3.— Comp.:

licentius, liberius, familiarius cum domina vivere,

Cic. Cael. 23, 57:

factum,

id. de Or. 2, 3, 14; Quint. 2, 7, 3.— Sup.:

cum Verre familiarissime et amicissime vivere,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29; Nep. Ages. 1, 1.

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ămīcus (old form ămēcus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 15 Müll.), a, um, adj. [amo], friendly, kind, amicable, favorable, inclined to, liking; constr. with dat., Zumpt, Gram. §

410: animo esse amico erga aliquem,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 29; Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 3:

tribuni sunt nobis amici,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2 fin.:

homo amicus nobis jam inde a puero,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 86:

Pompeium tibi valde amicum esse cognovi,

Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 5; id. Att. 9, 5:

amicus non magis tyranno quam tyrannidi,

Nep. Dion, 3, 2; id. Att. 9:

male numen amicum,

Verg. A. 2, 735; Ov. F. 3, 834:

(Fortuna) amica varietati constantiam respuit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 16:

amica luto sus,

fond of, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 26.— Comp.:

mihi nemo est amicior Attico,

Cic. Att. 16, 16:

amicior Cilicum aerariis quam nostro,

id. ib. 7, 1, 6; id. Fam. 3, 2, 1.— Sup.:

Deiotarum, fidelissimum regem atque amicissimum rei publicae nostrae,

Cic. Att. 15, 2, 2:

cum summi viri, tum amicissimi,

id. Am. 2, 8:

amicissimi viri,

Suet. Caes. 1:

successor conjunctissimus et amicissimus,

Cic. Fam. 3, 3:

hoc libro ad amicum amicissimus de amicitiā scripsi,

id. Am. 1, 5; 23, 88 (but the comp. and sup. may sometimes be rendered as belonging to 2. amicus, a greater friend, the greatest friend, as in Cic. Att. 16, 16, and Am. 1, 5; so in Gr. basileus etc.).—

Of things, kindly, pleasing (mostly poet.;

so Cic. rarely): nihil homini amico est opportuno amicius,

Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 44:

secundum te nihil est mihi amicius solitudine,

Cic. Att. 12, 15:

portus intramus amicos,

Verg. A. 5, 57: fessos opibus solatur amicis, id. [p. 106] ib. 5, 416:

vento amico ferri,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 17:

per amica silentia lunae,

Verg. A. 2, 255:

amici imbres,

id. G. 4, 115:

sidus amicum,

Hor. Epod. 10, 9:

sol amicum tempus agens,

bringing the welcome hour, id. C. 3, 6, 43:

tempus fraudibus amicum,

Stat. S. 5, 2, 39:

brevitas postulatur, qui mihimet ipsi amicissima est,

Cic. Quinct. 34.—

Amicum est mihi (after the Gr. philon esti moi; in pure Lat., mihi cordi est, etc.); with inf., it pleases me, it accords with my feelings:

nec dis amicum est nec mihi te prius Obire,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 2.—Hence, adv., in a friendly manner, kindly, amicably.

Old form ămīcĭter, Pac. ap. Non. 510, 26; Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 3.—

Class. form ămīcē:

facis amice,

Cic. Am. 2, 9:

haec accipienda amice,

id. ib. 24, 88; id. Fin. 1, 10; id. Off. 1, 26. —

* Comp., Front. ad M. Caes. 1, 6.— Sup., Cic. Div. in Caecil. 9; Caes. B. C. 2, 17.

ămīcus, i, m. [from amo, as philos from phileô, and from ] ( gen. plur. amicūm, Ter. Heaut. prol. 24).

A friend; constr. with gen. or poss. adj.; v. Zumpt, Gram. §

410: est is (amicus) tamquam alter idem,

Cic. Am. 21, 80 (cf. id. ib. 25, 92; id. Off. 1, 17):

amicum qui intuetur, tamquam exemplar intuetur sui,

id. Am. 7, 23:

Non tam utilitas parta per amicum, quam amici amor ipse delectat,

id. ib. 14, 51: Amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. ib. 17, 64:

boni improbis, improbi bonis amici esse non possunt,

Cic. ib. 20, 74:

ex omnibus saeculis vix tria aut quattuor nominantur paria amicorum,

id. ib. 4, 15:

tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 54 and 57:

vetus verbum hoc est, Communia esse amicorum inter se omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 18:

Respicis antiquum lassis in rebus amicum,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 93:

Alba tuus antiquissimus non solum amicus, verum etiam amator,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 63 fin.:

hospitis et amici mei M. Pacuvii fabula,

id. Am. 7, 24:

suis incommodis graviter angi non amicum sed se ipsum amantis est,

of one loving not his friend, but himself, id. ib. 3, 10:

ab amicis honesta petere, amicorum causā honesta facere,

id. ib. 13, 44:

paternus amicus ac pernecessarius,

id. Fl. 6, 14:

amicus novus,

id. Am. 19, 67:

vetus,

id. ib.; Verg. A. 3, 82; Hor. S. 2, 6, 81; Ov. P. 1, 6, 53:

amici ac familiares veteres,

Suet. Tib. 55:

aequaevus,

Verg. A. 5, 452:

ardens,

id. ib. 9, 198:

dulcis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 69; Ov. P. 1, 8, 31:

carus,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 51; Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 7:

jucundus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 93:

amici jucundissimi et omnium horarum,

Suet. Tib. 42:

amicus propior,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

fidelis,

id. ib. 2, 2, 1; Vulg. Eccli. 6, 14:

fidus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 24:

verus,

Cic. Am. 21, 82; Vulg. Eccli. 25, 12:

mendax,

Hor. A. P. 425:

secernere blandum amicum a vero,

Cic. Am. 25, 95:

memor,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 33:

summus,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 1:

primus,

Vulg. 1 Macc. 10, 65:

amici tristes,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 24:

maesti,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 5:

dives,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 24:

inops,

id. S. 1, 2, 5:

inferioris ordinis amici,

Cic. Am. 19, 69:

communes amici,

Cic. Fam. 5, 2:

amice, salve!

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 12; so Cat. 55, 7; Verg. A. 6, 507; Hor. C. 2, 14, 6; and Vulg. Matt. 20, 13:

magnanimi veritatis amici,

Cic. Off. 1, 19:

amicos parare,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 39:

amicos parare optimam vitae, ut ita dicam, supellectilem,

Cic. Am. 15, 55:

minus amicorum habens,

Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 22:

me unum atque unicum amicum habuit,

Cat. 73, 6;

amicos habere,

Cic. Am. 11, 36; so Vulg. Prov. 22, 11:

nos sibi amicos junget,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 32; Hor. S. 1, 3, 54:

amicum servare,

id. ib.:

amicum servare per durum tempus,

Ov. P. 2, 6, 29:

aliquo uti amico,

to have one as a friend, Cic. de Or. 1, 14, 62; Hor. S. 1, 4, 96:

sibi amicum facere,

Vulg. Luc. 16, 9:

amicum diligere,

Verg. A. 9, 430; Vulg. Deut. 13, 6:

amico inservire,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 8:

amico parcere,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 35:

et monendi amici saepe sunt et objurgandi,

Cic. Am. 24, 88:

amico ignoscere,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 110:

angorem pro amico capere,

Cic. Am. 13, 48:

amici jacentem animum excitare,

id. ib. 16, 59:

amicum consolari,

Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 41:

amico orbatus,

Cic. Am. 3, 10:

amicum offendere,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 73:

non paucis munitus amicis,

Ov. P. 2, 3, 25.—Also for patronus, patron, protector; so Horace of Mæcenas, Epod. 1, 2:

amicus potens,

powerful friend, id. C. 2, 18, 12; so,

magnus,

Juv. 3, 57; 6, 313: Suet. Aug. 56:

valentissimi,

id. ib. 35.—And for socius, companion:

trepido fugam exprobravit amico,

Ov. M. 13, 69.—

In polit. relations, a friend of the State (who was not always socius, an ally, but the socius was always amicus; cf.

amicitia): Deiotarus ex animo amicus, unus fidelis populo Romano,

Cic. Phil. 11, 13:

socio atque amico regi,

Liv. 37, 54; 7, 30 et saep.; Suet. Caes. 11.—

In and after the Aug. per., a counsellor, courtier, minister of a prince, Nep. Milt. 3, 2 Dähn.:

fuerunt multi reges ex amicis Alexandri Magni,

id. Reg. 3, 1; so Suet. Caes. 70, 72; 70, 79; id. Aug. 16; 17; 35; 56; 66; id. Calig. 19; id. Ner. 5; id. Galb. 7 al.; cf. Ernest. ad Suet. Excurs. XV.—Hence, ămī-ca, ae, f.

In bon. part., a female friend (very rare; cf. hetaira in Hom., Aristoph., Plato):

amicae, cognatae,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 16:

at haec amicae erunt, ubi, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 24:

Me (laedit) soror et cum quae dormit amica simul,

Prop. 2, 6, 12:

ibit ad adfectam, quae non languebit, amicam Visere,

Ov. Am. 2, 2, 21; cf. Juv. 3, 12; 6, 353; 6, 455; 6, 481; so Inscr. Grut. 865, 17; 891, 4. —

In mal. part., = meretrix, a concubine, mistress, courtesan (esp. freq. in the comic poets; so in Gr. hetaira com. in Att. usage): eum suus pater ab amicā abduxit, Naev. ap. Gell. 6, 8:

mulierem pejorem quam haec amica est Phaedromi non vidi,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 1, 3; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 25; 3, 4, 22; id. Cist. 2, 3, 28; id. Ep. 5, 2, 36; 5, 2, 39 al.:

sive ista uxor sive amica est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 52; 1, 2, 15; 3, 3, 6; 4, 6, 15 et saep.; Cic. Att. 10, 10; Dig. 50, 16, 144.