not+from

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

AF VOBEIS,

Inscr. Orell. 3114;

AF MVRO,

ib. 6601;

AF CAPVA,

ib. 3308;

AF SOLO,

ib. 589;

AF LYCO,

ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

abs chorago,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

abs quivis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

abs terra,

Cato, R. R. 51;

and in compounds: aps-cessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).

In space, and,

Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.

Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

fuga ab urbe turpissima,

Cic. Att. 7, 21:

ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.

Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

profecti a domo,

Liv. 40, 33, 2;

of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

Liv. 8, 22, 6;

of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

id. 24, 40, 2.

Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

id. Att. 7, 24:

cum a vobis discessero,

id. Sen. 22:

multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

so a fratre,

id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

a Pontio,

Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

ab ea,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.

Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.

Of separation:

ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

Sall. C. 40, 5:

absint lacerti ab stabulis,

Verg. G. 4, 14.—

Of distance:

quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

tam prope ab domo detineri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

id. 37, 38, 5). —

To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

erat a septentrionibus collis,

on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).

Fig.

In time.

From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

Juv. 1,40:

mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

ab eo magistratu,

after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

Liv. 30, 36, 1:

statim a funere,

Suet. Caes. 85;

and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

id. ib. 60:

protinus ab adoptione,

Vell. 2, 104, 3:

Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.

With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

ab hora tertia bibebatur,

from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

vixit ab omni aeternitate,

from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

Nep. Att. 5, 3:

in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.

Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

a pueritia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

jam inde ab adulescentia,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

ab adulescentia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

jam a prima adulescentia,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

ab ineunte adulescentia,

id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

a primis temporibus aetatis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

a teneris unguiculis,

from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

usque a toga pura,

id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

jam inde ab incunabulis,

Liv. 4, 36, 5:

a prima lanugine,

Suet. Oth. 12:

viridi ab aevo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

rarely of animals: ab infantia,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

a pausillo puero,

id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

a puero,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

a pueris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

ab adulescente,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

ab infante,

Col. 1, 8, 2:

a parva virgine,

Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

a parvis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

a parvulo,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

ab parvulis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

ab tenero,

Col. 5, 6, 20;

and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.

In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.

In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

condicionem quam ab te peto,

id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

si quid ab illo acceperis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab defensione desistere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

quid hoc ab illo differt,

from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

alieno a te animo fuit,

id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

subdole ab re consulit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

haut est ab re aucupis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).

In partic.

To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

disputata ab eo,

id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

ita generati a natura sumus,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

salvebis a meo Cicerone,

i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

ne vir ab hoste cadat,

Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

si calor est a sole,

id. N. D. 2, 52:

ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

metu poenae a Romanis,

Liv. 32, 23, 9:

bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

id. 3, 22, 2:

ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

lassus ab equo indomito,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

Prop. 5, 1, 126:

tempus a nostris triste malis,

time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

si postulatur a populo,

if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

deseror conjuge,

Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

and in prose,

Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.

With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

pastores a Pergamide,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

Turnus ab Aricia,

Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.

In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)

With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

da, puere, ab summo,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

coepere a fame mala,

Liv. 4, 12, 7:

cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.

With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

a foliis et stercore purgato,

Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

Liv. 21, 11, 5:

expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

Sall. C. 32:

ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

Liv. 21, 35, 12:

ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

el metul a Chryside,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

ab Hannibale metuens,

Liv. 23, 36; and:

metus a praetore,

id. 23, 15, 7;

v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.

With verbs of fastening and holding:

funiculus a puppi religatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.

Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.

Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.

Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

a frigore laborantibus,

Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

laborare ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.

Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

ab ingenio improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

a me pudica'st,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

orba ab optimatibus contio,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

locus copiosus a frumento,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

id. Brut. 16, 63:

ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

so often in poets ab arte=arte,

artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.

In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

ab honore,

id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.

Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

ab illo injuria,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

fulgor ab auro,

Lucr. 2, 5:

dulces a fontibus undae,

Verg. G. 2, 243.

In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

nonnuill ab novissimis,

id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).

In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

ab eo qui sunt,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).

To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

a manu servus,

a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).

The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

a peregre,

Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

a foris,

Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

ab intus,

ib. ib. 7, 15:

ab invicem,

App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

a longe,

Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

a modo,

ib. ib. 23, 39;

Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

a sursum,

ib. Marc. 15, 38.

Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

id. Sen. 6:

a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—

Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—

It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

a vitae periculo,

Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

a minus bono,

Sall. C. 2, 6:

a satis miti principio,

Liv. 1, 6, 4:

damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—

The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

aque Chao,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

aque mero,

Ov. M. 3, 631:

aque viro,

id. H. 6, 156:

aque suis,

id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

a meque,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

abs teque,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

a teque,

id. ib. 8, 11, §

7: a primaque adulescentia,

id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —

A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.

In composition ab,

Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—

It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

parvus, a, um, adj. (usual, irreg. comp. and sup.: mĭnor, mĭnĭmus.— Comp.:

volantum parviores,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 26.— Sup.: rictus parvissimus, Varr. ap. Non. 456, 10:

parvissima corpora,

Lucr. 1, 615; 621; 3, 199: minerrimus pro minimo dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 122 Müll.:

minimissimus,

Arn. 5, n. 8) [kindr. with paucus and Gr. pauros; cf., also, parum, parcus], little, small, petty, puny, inconsiderable (cf.: exiguus, minutus, brevis; in class. prose parvus is not used, like brevis, of stature, v. Auct. Her. 4, 33, 45).

Posit.:

in parvis aut mediocribus rebus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 84:

quam parva sit terra, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 26; cf. id. ib. 6, 16, 16:

commoda parva ac mediocria,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 1:

in parvum quendam et angustum locum concludi,

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

beneficium non parvum,

id. Caecin. 10, 26:

parvi pisciculi,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 123:

haec parva et infirma sunt,

id. Clu. 34, 94:

si parva licet componere magnis,

Verg. G. 4, 176:

merces,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 86:

sucus,

Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 178 et saep.:

liberi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37;

so of children: salutaria appetant parvi,

the little ones, id. Fin. 3, 5, 16:

parva soror,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 15; cf.:

memini quae plagosum mihi parvo Orbilium dictare,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 70:

operosa parvus Carmina fingo,

a little man, id. C. 4, 2, 31; Suet. Aug. 48:

a parvis didicimus: si in jus vocat, etc.,

when little, in childhood, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

puer in domo a parvo eductus,

from infancy, Liv. 1, 39 fin. —Of time, little, short, brief:

parvae consuetudinis Causa,

slight, short, Ter. And. 1, 1, 83; cf.:

in parvo tempore,

Lucr. 5, 106:

nox,

Luc. 4, 476:

vita,

id. 6, 806:

parvam fidem habere alicui,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117:

hic onus horret, Ut parvis animis et parvo corpore majus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

homo parvo ingenio,

Plin. Ep. 6, 29:

parvum carmen,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 257:

hoc opus, hoc studium parvi properemus et ampli,

both small and great, id. ib. 1, 3, 28.—With ref. to value or consequence, little, small, low, mean, etc.:

meam erus esse operam deputat parvi pretii,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1:

nil parvom aut humili modo, Nil mortale loquar,

Hor. C. 3, 25, 17:

et magnis parva mineris Falce recisurum simili te,

id. S. 1, 3, 122:

pretio parvo vendere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 134:

parvi sunt foris arma, nisi est consilium domi,

of little value, id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

parvi refert abs te jus dici diligenter, nisi, etc.,

it matters little, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7, § 20.—Hence, parvi facere, aestimare, ducere, pendere, etc., to esteem lightly, care little for:

parvi ego illos facio,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 41:

parvi aestimo, si ego hic peribo,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 24:

quia parvi id duceret,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: nequam hominis ego parvi pendo gratiam, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 29.—So, in abl.:

signa abs te diligenter parvoque curata sunt,

Cic. Att. 1, 3, 2; so,

quanti emptus? parvo,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 156:

parvo stat magna potentia nobis,

Ov. M. 14, 493:

parvo contentus esse possum,

with little, Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1; cf.:

vivitur parvo bene,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 13:

possim contentus vivere parvo,

Tib. 1, 1, 25:

agricolae prisci, fortes parvoque beati,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 139:

necessarium est parvo assuescere,

Sen. Ep. 123, 3: parvo, as an abl. of measure, with comp. (rarely;

perh. not ante-Aug.): ita ut parvo admodum plures caperentur,

a very little more, Liv. 10, 45, 11:

parvo brevius,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

haud parvo junior,

Gell. 13, 2, 2.—So in designating time:

parvo post,

Plin. 16, 25, 42, § 103:

parvo post tempore,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 1.—Of stature (late Lat. for brevis):

Zacchaeus staturā parvus erat,

Aug. Serm. 113, 3; id. in Psa. 143, 1.

Comp.: mĭnor, us [cf. Gr. minus, minuthô], less, lesser, smaller, inferior:

quod in re majore valet, valeat in minore,

Cic. Top. 4, 23:

si ea pecunia non minor esset facta,

id. Leg. 2, 20, 51:

Hibernia dimidio minor quam Britannia,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13:

minus praedae quam speraverant fuit,

a smaller quantity, less, Liv. 4, 51:

sociis dimidio minus quam civibus datum,

id. 41, 13 fin.:

calceus... si minor (pede), uret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 43:

neve minor, neu sit quinto productior actu Fabula,

less than five acts, id. A. P. 189:

genibus minor,

i. e. down upon his knees, on his bended knees, id. Ep. 1, 12, 28; cf.:

minor in certamine longo,

worsted, id. ib. 1, 10, 35:

numero plures, virtute et honore minores,

inferior, id. ib. 2, 1, 183.— Absol.: minor, inferior in rank:

praevalidi ad injurias minorum elati,

Tac. A. 15, 20; Ov. P. 4, 7, 49; cf.:

sapiens uno minor est Jove,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106:

minor capitis, i. e. capiti deminutus,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: et sunt notitiā multa minora tuā, too trivial, = leviora, Ov. Tr. 2, 214:

dies sermone minor fuit,

too short for, id. P. 2, 10, 37:

infans Et minor igne rogi,

too young for, Juv. 15, 140.—With abl. of measure, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 117:

ut uno minus teste haberet?

id. ib. 2, 1, 57, §

149: bis sex Herculeis ceciderunt, me minus uno, Viribus,

i. e. eleven, Ov. M. 12, 554.—Of age:

qui minor est natu,

younger, Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

aliquot annis minor natu,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 61:

aetate minor,

Ov. M. 7, 499:

minor uno mense,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 40:

filia minor Ptolemaei regis,

the younger daughter, Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

minor viginti annis,

less than twenty years old, under twenty years of age, Dig. 30, 99, 1.— With gen.:

minor quam viginti quinque annorum natu, Praetor,

Dig. 4, 4, 1; id. ib. 50, 2, 6:

si pupilla minor quam viripotens nupserit,

id. ib. 36, 2, 30.—So, absol.: minor, a person under age (under five-and-twenty), a minor:

De minoribus,

Dig. 4, tit. 4:

si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,

ib. 4, 4, 24:

si minor praetor vel consul jus dixerit, valebit,

ib. 42, 1, 57.— Poet., children, Sil. 2, 491.—Also, descendants, posterity, = posteri:

nunc fama, minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem,

Verg. A. 1, 532; so id. ib. 733; Prop. 2, 15, 47; Sil. 16, 44:

minorum gentium, v. gens.—In specifications of value: vendo meum non pluris quam ceteri, fortasse etiam minoris,

cheaper, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

minoris pallium addicere placuit,

Petr. 14: omnia minoris aestimare, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2:

(fidem suam) non minoris quam publicam ducebat,

Sall. J. 32, 5.—

Poet., with acc. respect.:

frontemque minor truncam amnis Acarnan,

Sil. 3, 42; Val. Fl. 1, 582.—

Poet., with inf.:

tanto certare minor,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 313:

heu Fatis Superi certare minores!

Sil. 5, 76.

Sup.: mĭnĭmus, a, um (whence a new sup.:

minimissimus digitorum,

Arn. 5, 160; 166; cf., in the Gr., elachistotatos, from elachistos), very small, very little; least, smallest, etc.:

cum sit nihil omnino in rerum naturā minimum, quod dividi nequeat,

Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

minimae tenuissimaeque res,

id. de Or. 1, 37, 169:

minima pars temporis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70:

quā minima altitudo fluminis erat,

id. B. G. 1, 8:

in maximā fortunā minima licentia est,

Sall. C. 51, 13:

vitia,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 69:

minimus digitulus,

the little finger, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 15; so,

minimus digitus,

Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 251.—Of age: minimus natu horum omnium, the youngest, Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 58:

ex his omnibus natu minimus,

id. Clu. 38, 107:

Hiempsal, qui minimus ex illis erat,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

minimus filius,

Just. 42, 5, 6.—In specifications of value:

deos minimi facit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 35: Pe. Quanti emi potest minimo? Ep. Ad quadraginta fortasse eam posse emi minimo minis, id. Ep. 2, 2, 110: Crispinus minimo me provocat, for a trifle (in a wager), Hor. S. 1, 4, 14 (minimo provocare dicuntur hi qui in responsione plus ipsi promittunt quam exigunt ab adversario, Schol.).—Prov.:

minima de malis,

of evils choose the least, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105.—

With a negation emphatically: non minimo discrimine, i. e. maximo,

Suet. Aug. 25:

res non minimi periculi,

id. ib. 67:

ut nihil, ne pro minimis quidem, debeant,

Liv. 6, 41. —With gen.:

minimum firmitatis minimumque virium,

Cic. Lael. 13, 46:

minimum pedibus itineris confectum,

Liv. 44, 5:

unde minimum periculi erat,

id. 27, 15.— As adv. absol.:

praemia apud me minimum valent,

very little, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 56:

minimum distantia miror,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 72:

dormiebat minimum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:

medica secatur sexies per annos: cum minimum, quater,

at least, Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 146:

quam minimum credula postero (diei),

as little as possible, Hor. C. 1, 11, 8:

ita fiunt omnes partes minimum octoginta et una,

at least, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 12:

quae (comprehensio) ex tribus minimum partibus constat,

Quint. 5, 10, 5:

in quo non minimum Aetolorum operā regii fugati atque in castra compulsi sunt,

chiefly, particularly, Liv. 33, 6, 6:

eae omnia novella sata corrumpunt, non minimum vites,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 18.—Hence, adv.

Posit.: parvē, a little, slightly (very rare), Vitr. 9, 6.—

Comp.: mĭnus, less:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too little... too much, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

ne quid plus minusve faxit,

id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21 (v. plus, under multus):

cum habeas plus, Pauperiem metuas minus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 93:

ne mea oratio, si minus de aliquo dixero, ingrata: si satis de omnibus, infinita esse videatur,

Cic. Sest. 50, 108:

metus ipsi per se minus valerent, nisi, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 72, 150:

minus multi,

not so many, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 138:

minus multum et minus bonum vinum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2:

ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

less good, not so good, Sall. C. 2, 6:

quia Libyes quam Gaetuli minus bellicosi,

Sall. J. 18, 12:

minus diu vivunt,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141.—Rarely with comp.:

minus admirabilior,

Flor. 4, 2, 46 Duker: quare milites Metelli sauciabantur multo minus, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. Ov. M. 12, 554:

civilem admodum inter initia ac paulo minus quam privatum egit,

little less so than, nearly as much so as, Suet. Tib. 26:

dimidio minus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 22, 3.—With quam:

nec illa minus aut plus quam tu sapiat,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 28:

minus quam aequom erat feci,

id. Aul. 3, 2, 10:

respondebo tibi minus fortasse vehementer, quam abs te sum provocatus,

Cic. Planc. 30, 72.—With atque:

qui peccas minus atque ego?

Hor. S. 2, 7, 96.—And elliptically, without a particle of comparison:

minus quindecim dies sunt, quod, etc.,

less than fifteen days, not yet fifteen days, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 1:

madefactum iri minus XXX. diebus Graeciam sanguine,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68:

minus quinquennium est, quod prodiere,

Plin. 15, 25, 30, § 104:

cecidere duo milia haud minus peditum,

Liv. 42, 6:

cum centum et quinquaginta non minus adessent,

id. 42, 28; Varr. R. R. 2, 2 fin.:

ut ex suā cujusque parte ne minus dimidium ad Trebonium perveniret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 123:

ut antequam baccae legantur, ne minus triduum serenum fuerit,

Col. 12, 38, 6.—

In partic.

Non (haud) minus quam (atque), not less than, no less than, quite as:

exanimatus evolat ex senatu, non minus perturbato animo atque vultu, quam si, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 12, 28:

existumans non minus me tibi quam liberos carum fore,

Sall. J. 10, 1:

non minus nobis jucundi atque illustres sunt ii dies, quibus conservamur quam illi quibus nascimur,

Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 2; Quint. 2, 4, 8; 3, 7, 20:

laudibus haud minus quam praemio gaudent militum animi,

Liv. 2, 60:

haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

Verg. A. 3, 561.—

Non (neque) minus, equally, and as well, also: haec res [p. 1311] non minus me male habet quam te, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 30: quae hominibus non minus quam liberi cara esse debent, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3; Ov. H. 19, 86:

neque minus assiduis fessa choreis,

also, Prop. 1, 3, 3.—

Nihil minus, in replies, as a strong negation, by no means, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 45: Py. At tu apud nos hic mane, Dum redeat ipsa. Ch. Nihil minus, id. ib. 3, 3, 29:

nihil profecto minus,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.: quid? a Tranione servo? Si. Multo id minus, Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 20.—

Minus minusque, minus et (ac) minus, less and less: mihi jam minus minusque obtemperat. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 33:

jam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum,

Verg. A. 12, 616; Hor. C. 1, 25, 6:

minus et minus,

Ov. P. 2, 8, 73; id. H. 2, 129:

minus ac minus,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 26.—

Transf., in a softened negation, not at all, by no means, not:

quod intellexi minus,

Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 11:

nonnumquam ea quae praedicta sunt, minus eveniunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24.—Esp.:

si minus: monebo, si quem meministi minus,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 19:

Syracusis, si minus supplicio affici, at custodiri oportebat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 69:

quod si assecutus sum, gaudeo: sin minus, hoc me tamen consolor quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 6 et saep.; so,

minus formido ne exedat,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 45. —

Quo minus, also written as one word, quominus, that not, from, after verbs of hindering, preventing, as impedio, recuso, deterreo, etc., Ter. And. 1, 2, 26:

si te infirmitas valetudinis tenuit, quo minus ad ludos venires,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 1; 7, 1, 6:

hiemem credo prohibuisse, quo minus de te certum haberemus, quid ageres,

id. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

deterrere aliquem, quo minus, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

stetisse per Trebonium, quo minus oppido potirentur, videbatur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 13 fin.; Quint. 12, 1, 16;

v. also quo. —Ante-class. also in the reverse order, minus quo: ne vereatur, minus jam quo redeat domum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 8.—

Sup., in two forms, parvissime (post-class.), and minime (class.), least, very little.

par-vissĭmē:

memorare aliquid,

very briefly, with very few words, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 38. —

mĭnĭmē, least of all, in the smallest degree, least, very little:

cum minime vellem, minimeque opus fuit,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 42:

cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Or. 66, 222:

mihi placebat Pomponius maxime, vel dicam minime displicebat,

id. Brut. 57, 207:

quod in miserrimis rebus minime miserum putabis, id facies,

id. Fam. 14, 13:

quod minime ad eos mercatores saepe commeant,

very rarely, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 3; Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 322.—Strengthened by quam:

si non decore, at quam minime dedecore facere possimus,

as little as possible, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114; by omnium and gentium:

ad te minime omnium pertinebat,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

minime gentium,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 77:

heus, inquit, puer, arcesse Pamphilam,... illa exclamat, Minime gentium,

not for any thing in the world, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Ad. 3, 2, 44.—

In partic.

For minimum, saltem, at least:

is morbus erit longissimus minimeque annuus,

Cels. 2, 8 fin. Targ.:

pedes decem vel minime novem,

Col. 1, 6, 6:

sed id minime bis anno arari debet,

id. 5, 9, 12; id. Arb. 16, 3.—

In replies, as an emphatic negative, by no means, not at all, not in the least, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 50: Ba. Sed cessas? Pa. Minime equidem:

nam hodie, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 16: M. An tu haec non credis? A. Minime vero, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: num igitur peccamus? Minime vos quidem. id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

minime, minime hercle vero!

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 23; so in discourse: minime multi (= quam paucissimi). Ter. Eun. prol. 2: minume irasci decet. Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 27; Sall. C. 51, 13.—Strengthened by gentium (cf.supra): Nau. Meriton' hoc meo videtur factum? De. Minime gentium, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.

parvus, a, um, adj. (usual, irreg. comp. and sup.: mĭnor, mĭnĭmus.— Comp.:

volantum parviores,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1, 26.— Sup.: rictus parvissimus, Varr. ap. Non. 456, 10:

parvissima corpora,

Lucr. 1, 615; 621; 3, 199: minerrimus pro minimo dixerunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 122 Müll.:

minimissimus,

Arn. 5, n. 8) [kindr. with paucus and Gr. pauros; cf., also, parum, parcus], little, small, petty, puny, inconsiderable (cf.: exiguus, minutus, brevis; in class. prose parvus is not used, like brevis, of stature, v. Auct. Her. 4, 33, 45).

Posit.:

in parvis aut mediocribus rebus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 84:

quam parva sit terra, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 26; cf. id. ib. 6, 16, 16:

commoda parva ac mediocria,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 1:

in parvum quendam et angustum locum concludi,

id. Leg. 1, 5, 17:

beneficium non parvum,

id. Caecin. 10, 26:

parvi pisciculi,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 123:

haec parva et infirma sunt,

id. Clu. 34, 94:

si parva licet componere magnis,

Verg. G. 4, 176:

merces,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 86:

sucus,

Plin. 21, 31, 105, § 178 et saep.:

liberi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 21, 37;

so of children: salutaria appetant parvi,

the little ones, id. Fin. 3, 5, 16:

parva soror,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 15; cf.:

memini quae plagosum mihi parvo Orbilium dictare,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 70:

operosa parvus Carmina fingo,

a little man, id. C. 4, 2, 31; Suet. Aug. 48:

a parvis didicimus: si in jus vocat, etc.,

when little, in childhood, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

puer in domo a parvo eductus,

from infancy, Liv. 1, 39 fin. —Of time, little, short, brief:

parvae consuetudinis Causa,

slight, short, Ter. And. 1, 1, 83; cf.:

in parvo tempore,

Lucr. 5, 106:

nox,

Luc. 4, 476:

vita,

id. 6, 806:

parvam fidem habere alicui,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 117:

hic onus horret, Ut parvis animis et parvo corpore majus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

homo parvo ingenio,

Plin. Ep. 6, 29:

parvum carmen,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 257:

hoc opus, hoc studium parvi properemus et ampli,

both small and great, id. ib. 1, 3, 28.—With ref. to value or consequence, little, small, low, mean, etc.:

meam erus esse operam deputat parvi pretii,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 1:

nil parvom aut humili modo, Nil mortale loquar,

Hor. C. 3, 25, 17:

et magnis parva mineris Falce recisurum simili te,

id. S. 1, 3, 122:

pretio parvo vendere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 134:

parvi sunt foris arma, nisi est consilium domi,

of little value, id. Off. 1, 22, 76:

parvi refert abs te jus dici diligenter, nisi, etc.,

it matters little, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 7, § 20.—Hence, parvi facere, aestimare, ducere, pendere, etc., to esteem lightly, care little for:

parvi ego illos facio,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 41:

parvi aestimo, si ego hic peribo,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 24:

quia parvi id duceret,

Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: nequam hominis ego parvi pendo gratiam, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 29.—So, in abl.:

signa abs te diligenter parvoque curata sunt,

Cic. Att. 1, 3, 2; so,

quanti emptus? parvo,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 156:

parvo stat magna potentia nobis,

Ov. M. 14, 493:

parvo contentus esse possum,

with little, Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1; cf.:

vivitur parvo bene,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 13:

possim contentus vivere parvo,

Tib. 1, 1, 25:

agricolae prisci, fortes parvoque beati,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 139:

necessarium est parvo assuescere,

Sen. Ep. 123, 3: parvo, as an abl. of measure, with comp. (rarely;

perh. not ante-Aug.): ita ut parvo admodum plures caperentur,

a very little more, Liv. 10, 45, 11:

parvo brevius,

Plin. 2, 67, 67, § 168:

haud parvo junior,

Gell. 13, 2, 2.—So in designating time:

parvo post,

Plin. 16, 25, 42, § 103:

parvo post tempore,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 11, 1.—Of stature (late Lat. for brevis):

Zacchaeus staturā parvus erat,

Aug. Serm. 113, 3; id. in Psa. 143, 1.

Comp.: mĭnor, us [cf. Gr. minus, minuthô], less, lesser, smaller, inferior:

quod in re majore valet, valeat in minore,

Cic. Top. 4, 23:

si ea pecunia non minor esset facta,

id. Leg. 2, 20, 51:

Hibernia dimidio minor quam Britannia,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13:

minus praedae quam speraverant fuit,

a smaller quantity, less, Liv. 4, 51:

sociis dimidio minus quam civibus datum,

id. 41, 13 fin.:

calceus... si minor (pede), uret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 43:

neve minor, neu sit quinto productior actu Fabula,

less than five acts, id. A. P. 189:

genibus minor,

i. e. down upon his knees, on his bended knees, id. Ep. 1, 12, 28; cf.:

minor in certamine longo,

worsted, id. ib. 1, 10, 35:

numero plures, virtute et honore minores,

inferior, id. ib. 2, 1, 183.— Absol.: minor, inferior in rank:

praevalidi ad injurias minorum elati,

Tac. A. 15, 20; Ov. P. 4, 7, 49; cf.:

sapiens uno minor est Jove,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106:

minor capitis, i. e. capiti deminutus,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 42: et sunt notitiā multa minora tuā, too trivial, = leviora, Ov. Tr. 2, 214:

dies sermone minor fuit,

too short for, id. P. 2, 10, 37:

infans Et minor igne rogi,

too young for, Juv. 15, 140.—With abl. of measure, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 117:

ut uno minus teste haberet?

id. ib. 2, 1, 57, §

149: bis sex Herculeis ceciderunt, me minus uno, Viribus,

i. e. eleven, Ov. M. 12, 554.—Of age:

qui minor est natu,

younger, Cic. Lael. 9, 32:

aliquot annis minor natu,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 61:

aetate minor,

Ov. M. 7, 499:

minor uno mense,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 40:

filia minor Ptolemaei regis,

the younger daughter, Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

minor viginti annis,

less than twenty years old, under twenty years of age, Dig. 30, 99, 1.— With gen.:

minor quam viginti quinque annorum natu, Praetor,

Dig. 4, 4, 1; id. ib. 50, 2, 6:

si pupilla minor quam viripotens nupserit,

id. ib. 36, 2, 30.—So, absol.: minor, a person under age (under five-and-twenty), a minor:

De minoribus,

Dig. 4, tit. 4:

si minor negotiis majoris intervenerit,

ib. 4, 4, 24:

si minor praetor vel consul jus dixerit, valebit,

ib. 42, 1, 57.— Poet., children, Sil. 2, 491.—Also, descendants, posterity, = posteri:

nunc fama, minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem,

Verg. A. 1, 532; so id. ib. 733; Prop. 2, 15, 47; Sil. 16, 44:

minorum gentium, v. gens.—In specifications of value: vendo meum non pluris quam ceteri, fortasse etiam minoris,

cheaper, Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

minoris pallium addicere placuit,

Petr. 14: omnia minoris aestimare, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 2:

(fidem suam) non minoris quam publicam ducebat,

Sall. J. 32, 5.—

Poet., with acc. respect.:

frontemque minor truncam amnis Acarnan,

Sil. 3, 42; Val. Fl. 1, 582.—

Poet., with inf.:

tanto certare minor,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 313:

heu Fatis Superi certare minores!

Sil. 5, 76.

Sup.: mĭnĭmus, a, um (whence a new sup.:

minimissimus digitorum,

Arn. 5, 160; 166; cf., in the Gr., elachistotatos, from elachistos), very small, very little; least, smallest, etc.:

cum sit nihil omnino in rerum naturā minimum, quod dividi nequeat,

Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 27:

minimae tenuissimaeque res,

id. de Or. 1, 37, 169:

minima pars temporis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70:

quā minima altitudo fluminis erat,

id. B. G. 1, 8:

in maximā fortunā minima licentia est,

Sall. C. 51, 13:

vitia,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 69:

minimus digitulus,

the little finger, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 15; so,

minimus digitus,

Plin. 11, 45, 103, § 251.—Of age: minimus natu horum omnium, the youngest, Cic. de Or. 2, 14, 58:

ex his omnibus natu minimus,

id. Clu. 38, 107:

Hiempsal, qui minimus ex illis erat,

Sall. J. 11, 3:

minimus filius,

Just. 42, 5, 6.—In specifications of value:

deos minimi facit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 35: Pe. Quanti emi potest minimo? Ep. Ad quadraginta fortasse eam posse emi minimo minis, id. Ep. 2, 2, 110: Crispinus minimo me provocat, for a trifle (in a wager), Hor. S. 1, 4, 14 (minimo provocare dicuntur hi qui in responsione plus ipsi promittunt quam exigunt ab adversario, Schol.).—Prov.:

minima de malis,

of evils choose the least, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105.—

With a negation emphatically: non minimo discrimine, i. e. maximo,

Suet. Aug. 25:

res non minimi periculi,

id. ib. 67:

ut nihil, ne pro minimis quidem, debeant,

Liv. 6, 41. —With gen.:

minimum firmitatis minimumque virium,

Cic. Lael. 13, 46:

minimum pedibus itineris confectum,

Liv. 44, 5:

unde minimum periculi erat,

id. 27, 15.— As adv. absol.:

praemia apud me minimum valent,

very little, Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 56:

minimum distantia miror,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 72:

dormiebat minimum,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 11:

medica secatur sexies per annos: cum minimum, quater,

at least, Plin. 18, 16, 43, § 146:

quam minimum credula postero (diei),

as little as possible, Hor. C. 1, 11, 8:

ita fiunt omnes partes minimum octoginta et una,

at least, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 12:

quae (comprehensio) ex tribus minimum partibus constat,

Quint. 5, 10, 5:

in quo non minimum Aetolorum operā regii fugati atque in castra compulsi sunt,

chiefly, particularly, Liv. 33, 6, 6:

eae omnia novella sata corrumpunt, non minimum vites,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 18.—Hence, adv.

Posit.: parvē, a little, slightly (very rare), Vitr. 9, 6.—

Comp.: mĭnus, less:

aut ne quid faciam plus, quod post me minus fecisse satius sit,

too little... too much, Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 4:

ne quid plus minusve faxit,

id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21 (v. plus, under multus):

cum habeas plus, Pauperiem metuas minus,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 93:

ne mea oratio, si minus de aliquo dixero, ingrata: si satis de omnibus, infinita esse videatur,

Cic. Sest. 50, 108:

metus ipsi per se minus valerent, nisi, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 72, 150:

minus multi,

not so many, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 138:

minus multum et minus bonum vinum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 2:

ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,

less good, not so good, Sall. C. 2, 6:

quia Libyes quam Gaetuli minus bellicosi,

Sall. J. 18, 12:

minus diu vivunt,

Plin. 14, 22, 28, § 141.—Rarely with comp.:

minus admirabilior,

Flor. 4, 2, 46 Duker: quare milites Metelli sauciabantur multo minus, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. Ov. M. 12, 554:

civilem admodum inter initia ac paulo minus quam privatum egit,

little less so than, nearly as much so as, Suet. Tib. 26:

dimidio minus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 22, 3.—With quam:

nec illa minus aut plus quam tu sapiat,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 28:

minus quam aequom erat feci,

id. Aul. 3, 2, 10:

respondebo tibi minus fortasse vehementer, quam abs te sum provocatus,

Cic. Planc. 30, 72.—With atque:

qui peccas minus atque ego?

Hor. S. 2, 7, 96.—And elliptically, without a particle of comparison:

minus quindecim dies sunt, quod, etc.,

less than fifteen days, not yet fifteen days, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 1:

madefactum iri minus XXX. diebus Graeciam sanguine,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68:

minus quinquennium est, quod prodiere,

Plin. 15, 25, 30, § 104:

cecidere duo milia haud minus peditum,

Liv. 42, 6:

cum centum et quinquaginta non minus adessent,

id. 42, 28; Varr. R. R. 2, 2 fin.:

ut ex suā cujusque parte ne minus dimidium ad Trebonium perveniret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 123:

ut antequam baccae legantur, ne minus triduum serenum fuerit,

Col. 12, 38, 6.—

In partic.

Non (haud) minus quam (atque), not less than, no less than, quite as:

exanimatus evolat ex senatu, non minus perturbato animo atque vultu, quam si, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 12, 28:

existumans non minus me tibi quam liberos carum fore,

Sall. J. 10, 1:

non minus nobis jucundi atque illustres sunt ii dies, quibus conservamur quam illi quibus nascimur,

Cic. Cat. 3, 1, 2; Quint. 2, 4, 8; 3, 7, 20:

laudibus haud minus quam praemio gaudent militum animi,

Liv. 2, 60:

haud minus ac jussi faciunt,

Verg. A. 3, 561.—

Non (neque) minus, equally, and as well, also: haec res [p. 1311] non minus me male habet quam te, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 30: quae hominibus non minus quam liberi cara esse debent, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 3; Ov. H. 19, 86:

neque minus assiduis fessa choreis,

also, Prop. 1, 3, 3.—

Nihil minus, in replies, as a strong negation, by no means, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 45: Py. At tu apud nos hic mane, Dum redeat ipsa. Ch. Nihil minus, id. ib. 3, 3, 29:

nihil profecto minus,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 81; cf.: quid? a Tranione servo? Si. Multo id minus, Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 20.—

Minus minusque, minus et (ac) minus, less and less: mihi jam minus minusque obtemperat. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 33:

jam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum,

Verg. A. 12, 616; Hor. C. 1, 25, 6:

minus et minus,

Ov. P. 2, 8, 73; id. H. 2, 129:

minus ac minus,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 26.—

Transf., in a softened negation, not at all, by no means, not:

quod intellexi minus,

Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 11:

nonnumquam ea quae praedicta sunt, minus eveniunt,

Cic. Div. 1, 14, 24.—Esp.:

si minus: monebo, si quem meministi minus,

Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 19:

Syracusis, si minus supplicio affici, at custodiri oportebat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 69:

quod si assecutus sum, gaudeo: sin minus, hoc me tamen consolor quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 6 et saep.; so,

minus formido ne exedat,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 45. —

Quo minus, also written as one word, quominus, that not, from, after verbs of hindering, preventing, as impedio, recuso, deterreo, etc., Ter. And. 1, 2, 26:

si te infirmitas valetudinis tenuit, quo minus ad ludos venires,

Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 1; 7, 1, 6:

hiemem credo prohibuisse, quo minus de te certum haberemus, quid ageres,

id. Fam. 12, 5, 1:

deterrere aliquem, quo minus, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91:

stetisse per Trebonium, quo minus oppido potirentur, videbatur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 13 fin.; Quint. 12, 1, 16;

v. also quo. —Ante-class. also in the reverse order, minus quo: ne vereatur, minus jam quo redeat domum,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 8.—

Sup., in two forms, parvissime (post-class.), and minime (class.), least, very little.

par-vissĭmē:

memorare aliquid,

very briefly, with very few words, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 38. —

mĭnĭmē, least of all, in the smallest degree, least, very little:

cum minime vellem, minimeque opus fuit,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 42:

cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Or. 66, 222:

mihi placebat Pomponius maxime, vel dicam minime displicebat,

id. Brut. 57, 207:

quod in miserrimis rebus minime miserum putabis, id facies,

id. Fam. 14, 13:

quod minime ad eos mercatores saepe commeant,

very rarely, Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 3; Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 322.—Strengthened by quam:

si non decore, at quam minime dedecore facere possimus,

as little as possible, Cic. Off. 1, 31, 114; by omnium and gentium:

ad te minime omnium pertinebat,

id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96:

minime gentium,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 77:

heus, inquit, puer, arcesse Pamphilam,... illa exclamat, Minime gentium,

not for any thing in the world, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Ad. 3, 2, 44.—

In partic.

For minimum, saltem, at least:

is morbus erit longissimus minimeque annuus,

Cels. 2, 8 fin. Targ.:

pedes decem vel minime novem,

Col. 1, 6, 6:

sed id minime bis anno arari debet,

id. 5, 9, 12; id. Arb. 16, 3.—

In replies, as an emphatic negative, by no means, not at all, not in the least, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 50: Ba. Sed cessas? Pa. Minime equidem:

nam hodie, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 16: M. An tu haec non credis? A. Minime vero, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10: num igitur peccamus? Minime vos quidem. id. Att. 8, 9, 2:

minime, minime hercle vero!

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 23; so in discourse: minime multi (= quam paucissimi). Ter. Eun. prol. 2: minume irasci decet. Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 27; Sall. C. 51, 13.—Strengthened by gentium (cf.supra): Nau. Meriton' hoc meo videtur factum? De. Minime gentium, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.

aspernor (wrongly ads-), ātus, 1, v. dep. a. [for ab-spernor, as as-pello for abpello, as-porto for ab-porto; cf. ab init.; Doed. Syn. II. p. 179, and Vanicek, p. 1182], lit., to cast off a person or thing (ab se spernari; cf. sperno and spernor); hence, to disdain, spurn, reject, despise (simply with the accessory idea of aversion = recuso, respuo, reicio, and opp. to appeto, concupisco; on the other hand, contemnere, not to fear, is opp. to metuere, timere; and despicere, not to value a thing, is opp. to revereri; cf. Doed. Syn. cited supra; class.; very freq. in Cic.;

more rare in the poets): alicujus familiam,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 24 (aspernari = recusare, avertere, non agnoscere, Don.).

Lit.:

gustatus id, quod valde dulce est, aspernatur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99:

nemo bonus... qui vos non oculis fugiat, auribus respuat, animo aspernetur,

id. Pis. 20; so id. Fat. 20, 47:

regem ut externum aspernari,

Tac. A. 2, 1:

matrem,

id. ib. 4, 57:

de pace legatos haud aspernatus,

id. ib. 15, 27:

hanc (proscriptionem) nisi hoc judicio a vobis reicitis et aspernamini,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53:

voluptatem appetit, ut bonum: aspernatur dolorem, ut malum,

id. Fin. 2, 10, 31; so,

ut quodam ab hospite conditum oleum pro viridi adpositum, aspernantibus ceteris, solum etiam largius appetisse scribat,

Suet. Caes. 53:

si voluptatem aspernari ratione et sapientiā non possemus,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42:

querimonias alicujus aspernari, contemnere ac neglegere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51:

regis liberalitatem,

id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91 al.; Sall. C. 3, 4:

diis aspernantibus placamina irae,

Liv. 7, 3:

deditionem alicujus,

id. 8, 2; 9, 41 et saep.:

consilia,

Tac. G. 8:

sententiam,

id. ib. 11:

honorem,

id. ib. 27:

militiam,

id. H. 2, 36:

disciplinam,

id. A. 1, 16:

virtutem,

id. ib. 13, 2:

panem,

Suet. Ner. 48 fin.:

imperium,

Curt. 10, 5, 13 et saep.:

Interea cave sis nos aspernata sepultos,

Prop. 3, 5, 25: aspernabantur ceteros, * Vulg. Luc. 18, 9:

haud aspernanda precare,

Verg. A. 11, 106; Phaedr. 5, 4, 4.—With inf. as object:

illa refert vultu non aspernata rogari,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 105:

dare aspernabantur,

Tac. A. 4, 46. —In Cic. once, to turn away, avert (not from one's self, but from something pertaining to one's self): furorem alicujus atque crudelitatem a suis aris atque templis, Clu. 68 fin. —

Trop.:

qui colore ipso patriam aspernaris,

deny, Cic. Pis. 1.—

► Pass.: qui habet, ultro appetitur; qui est pauper, aspernatur, is held in contempt, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.:

regem ab omnibus aspernari, Auct. B. Afr. 93: aspernata potio,

Arn. 5, p. 175.—Hence, aspernanter, adv. (qs. from the part. aspernans, which does not occur), with contempt, contemptuously:

aliquid accipere,

Amm. 31, 4; so Sid. Ep. 7, 2.— Comp., Aug. Mus. 4, 9.— Sup. prob. not used.

aspernor (wrongly ads-), ātus, 1, v. dep. a. [for ab-spernor, as as-pello for abpello, as-porto for ab-porto; cf. ab init.; Doed. Syn. II. p. 179, and Vanicek, p. 1182], lit., to cast off a person or thing (ab se spernari; cf. sperno and spernor); hence, to disdain, spurn, reject, despise (simply with the accessory idea of aversion = recuso, respuo, reicio, and opp. to appeto, concupisco; on the other hand, contemnere, not to fear, is opp. to metuere, timere; and despicere, not to value a thing, is opp. to revereri; cf. Doed. Syn. cited supra; class.; very freq. in Cic.;

more rare in the poets): alicujus familiam,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 24 (aspernari = recusare, avertere, non agnoscere, Don.).

Lit.:

gustatus id, quod valde dulce est, aspernatur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99:

nemo bonus... qui vos non oculis fugiat, auribus respuat, animo aspernetur,

id. Pis. 20; so id. Fat. 20, 47:

regem ut externum aspernari,

Tac. A. 2, 1:

matrem,

id. ib. 4, 57:

de pace legatos haud aspernatus,

id. ib. 15, 27:

hanc (proscriptionem) nisi hoc judicio a vobis reicitis et aspernamini,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 53:

voluptatem appetit, ut bonum: aspernatur dolorem, ut malum,

id. Fin. 2, 10, 31; so,

ut quodam ab hospite conditum oleum pro viridi adpositum, aspernantibus ceteris, solum etiam largius appetisse scribat,

Suet. Caes. 53:

si voluptatem aspernari ratione et sapientiā non possemus,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42:

querimonias alicujus aspernari, contemnere ac neglegere,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 51:

regis liberalitatem,

id. Tusc. 5, 32, 91 al.; Sall. C. 3, 4:

diis aspernantibus placamina irae,

Liv. 7, 3:

deditionem alicujus,

id. 8, 2; 9, 41 et saep.:

consilia,

Tac. G. 8:

sententiam,

id. ib. 11:

honorem,

id. ib. 27:

militiam,

id. H. 2, 36:

disciplinam,

id. A. 1, 16:

virtutem,

id. ib. 13, 2:

panem,

Suet. Ner. 48 fin.:

imperium,

Curt. 10, 5, 13 et saep.:

Interea cave sis nos aspernata sepultos,

Prop. 3, 5, 25: aspernabantur ceteros, * Vulg. Luc. 18, 9:

haud aspernanda precare,

Verg. A. 11, 106; Phaedr. 5, 4, 4.—With inf. as object:

illa refert vultu non aspernata rogari,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 105:

dare aspernabantur,

Tac. A. 4, 46. —In Cic. once, to turn away, avert (not from one's self, but from something pertaining to one's self): furorem alicujus atque crudelitatem a suis aris atque templis, Clu. 68 fin. —

Trop.:

qui colore ipso patriam aspernaris,

deny, Cic. Pis. 1.—

► Pass.: qui habet, ultro appetitur; qui est pauper, aspernatur, is held in contempt, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 792 P.:

regem ab omnibus aspernari, Auct. B. Afr. 93: aspernata potio,

Arn. 5, p. 175.—Hence, aspernanter, adv. (qs. from the part. aspernans, which does not occur), with contempt, contemptuously:

aliquid accipere,

Amm. 31, 4; so Sid. Ep. 7, 2.— Comp., Aug. Mus. 4, 9.— Sup. prob. not used.

adventīcĭus (not - tĭus), a, um, adj. [advenio], that is present by coming, coming from abroad, foreign, strange (extrinsecus ad nos perveniens non nostrum, aut nostro labore paratum, Ern. Clav. Cic.; opp. proprius, innatus, insitus, etc.; in Cic. very freq., elsewhere rare).

In gen.:

genus (avium),

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 7 (cf. advena):

Mithridates magnis adventiciis copiis juvabatur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24; so,

auxilium,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 37:

externus et adventicius tepor,

id. N. D. 2, 10:

externa atque adventicia visio,

proceeding from the senses, id. Div. 2, 58, 128:

doctrina transmarina et adventicia,

id. de Or. 3, 33:

dos,

given by another than the father, Dig. 23, 3, 5.—

Esp.

That is added to what is customary, or happens out of course, unusual, extraordinary:

fructus,

Liv. 8, 28; so,

casus,

Dig. 40, 9, 6. —

That is acquired without one's own effort: adventicia pecunia, obtained, not from one's own possessions, but by inheritance, usury, presents, etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 21; id. Rab. Post. 17:

humor adventicius,

rain, Varr. R. R. 1, 41, 3:

adventiciae res,

Sen. ad Helv. 5.—

That pertains to arrival (adventus):

adventicia cena,

a banquet given on one's arrival, Suet. Vit. 13 (cf. adventorius).— Adv. phrase: ex adventicio, from without, extrinsically:

quidquid est hoc, quod circa nos ex adventicio fulget, liberi, honores, etc.,

Sen. Consol. ad Marc. 10.

adventīcĭus (not - tĭus), a, um, adj. [advenio], that is present by coming, coming from abroad, foreign, strange (extrinsecus ad nos perveniens non nostrum, aut nostro labore paratum, Ern. Clav. Cic.; opp. proprius, innatus, insitus, etc.; in Cic. very freq., elsewhere rare).

In gen.:

genus (avium),

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 7 (cf. advena):

Mithridates magnis adventiciis copiis juvabatur,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24; so,

auxilium,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 37:

externus et adventicius tepor,

id. N. D. 2, 10:

externa atque adventicia visio,

proceeding from the senses, id. Div. 2, 58, 128:

doctrina transmarina et adventicia,

id. de Or. 3, 33:

dos,

given by another than the father, Dig. 23, 3, 5.—

Esp.

That is added to what is customary, or happens out of course, unusual, extraordinary:

fructus,

Liv. 8, 28; so,

casus,

Dig. 40, 9, 6. —

That is acquired without one's own effort: adventicia pecunia, obtained, not from one's own possessions, but by inheritance, usury, presents, etc., Cic. Inv. 2, 21; id. Rab. Post. 17:

humor adventicius,

rain, Varr. R. R. 1, 41, 3:

adventiciae res,

Sen. ad Helv. 5.—

That pertains to arrival (adventus):

adventicia cena,

a banquet given on one's arrival, Suet. Vit. 13 (cf. adventorius).— Adv. phrase: ex adventicio, from without, extrinsically:

quidquid est hoc, quod circa nos ex adventicio fulget, liberi, honores, etc.,

Sen. Consol. ad Marc. 10.

* * *

mĕmor, ŏris (anciently memoris, memore, acc. to Prisc. p. 772 P.; comp. memorior, id. p. 699 P.), adj. [Sanscr. root smar-, in smarti, memory; smara, love; Gr. martus, witness; merimna, care; cf.: memoria, mora, etc., not from memini], mindful of a thing, remembering; constr. with gen., with acc. and inf., with a rel,clause, and absol.

In gen.

With gen.:

ut memor esses sui,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

se eorum facti memorem fore,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

generis,

Sall. C. 60, 7:

pristinarum virtutum,

Nep. Hann. 12 fin.:

quique sui memores alios fecere merendo,

Verg. A. 6, 664:

nostri,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 14; 1, 33, 1:

vale nostri memor,

Juv. 3, 318.—

With acc. and inf.:

memor Lucullum periisse,

Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25:

memor objectum ab eo sibi,

Suet. Aug. 28.—

With a rel. -clause:

memor, quo ordine quisque discubuerat,

Quint. 11, 2, 13:

vive memor, quam sis aevi brevis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 97.—

Absol.:

memorem et gratum esse,

Cic. Fam. 13, 25: et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti, grateful. Verg. A. 4, 539: cf. 6, 664 supra:

ipsa memor praecepta canam,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 11; id. A. P. 368:

pectus,

Juv. 11, 28.—Prov.:

mendacem memorem esse oportet,

a liar should have a good memory, Quint. 4, 2, 91.—

Trop., of inanim. things et cadum Marsi memorem duelli, which remembers the Marsian war, i. e. was made during that war, Hor. C. 3, 14, 18:

medium erat in Anco ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor,

Liv. 1, 32:

lingua,

Ov. Am. 3, 14, 48:

pectus,

id. H. 13, 66:

auris,

id. ib. 20, 98:

cura,

id. P 4, 2, 7:

manus,

id. ib. 1, 4, 56:

saevae Junonis ira,

vindictive, avenging, Verg. A. 1, 4:

supplicium exempli parum memoris legum humanarum,

unmindful of, not observing, Liv. 1, 28.—

Esp.

That easily remembers, possessed of a good memory:

homo ingeniosus ac memor,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194.—

Poet., transf., that reminds one of a thing:

nostri memorem sepulcro Scalpe querelam,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 51:

impressit memorem dente labris notam,

id. ib. 1, 13, 12:

indicii memor poena,

Ov. M. 4, 190:

tabellae,

id. ib. 8, 744:

versus,

id. P. 2, 7, 33.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

mĕmŏre, by heart, readily (ante-class.): cum ista memore meministi, Pompon. ap. Non. 514, 23 (Com. Rel. v. 109 Rib.).—

mĕmŏrĭter.

From memory, by personal recollection:

oratio est habita memoriter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 63:

omnes ordines memoriter salutavit,

Suet. Ner. 10:

Q. Mucius multa narrare de Laelio memoriter et jucunde solebat,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1.—

Esp.

With a good memory, by ready recollection:

ista exposuisti, ut tam multa, memoriter, ut tam obscura, dilucide,

Cic. Fin. 4, 1, 1:

ut memoriter me Sauream vocabat,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 38:

hic quidem quae illic sunt res gestae memorat memoriter,

id. Am. 1, 1, 261:

hem istuc si potes memoriter meminisse,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 53; cf. Afran. ap. Charis. 1, p. 89 P. (Com. Fragm. v. 365 Rib.).—

Fully, accurately, correctly, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 47:

memoriter respondeto ad ea quae rogāro,

Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

nostra Aratea memoriter a te pronuntiata sunt,

id. Div. 2, 5, 14; Auct. ad Her. 3, 17, 30:

tu, qui tam memoriter tenes omnes,

Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 11 (cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34).

Mĕmor, ŏris, m., a Roman surname, lnscr. Mur. 1128, 5.

mĕmor, ŏris (anciently memoris, memore, acc. to Prisc. p. 772 P.; comp. memorior, id. p. 699 P.), adj. [Sanscr. root smar-, in smarti, memory; smara, love; Gr. martus, witness; merimna, care; cf.: memoria, mora, etc., not from memini], mindful of a thing, remembering; constr. with gen., with acc. and inf., with a rel,clause, and absol.

In gen.

With gen.:

ut memor esses sui,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

se eorum facti memorem fore,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

generis,

Sall. C. 60, 7:

pristinarum virtutum,

Nep. Hann. 12 fin.:

quique sui memores alios fecere merendo,

Verg. A. 6, 664:

nostri,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 14; 1, 33, 1:

vale nostri memor,

Juv. 3, 318.—

With acc. and inf.:

memor Lucullum periisse,

Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25:

memor objectum ab eo sibi,

Suet. Aug. 28.—

With a rel. -clause:

memor, quo ordine quisque discubuerat,

Quint. 11, 2, 13:

vive memor, quam sis aevi brevis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 97.—

Absol.:

memorem et gratum esse,

Cic. Fam. 13, 25: et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti, grateful. Verg. A. 4, 539: cf. 6, 664 supra:

ipsa memor praecepta canam,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 11; id. A. P. 368:

pectus,

Juv. 11, 28.—Prov.:

mendacem memorem esse oportet,

a liar should have a good memory, Quint. 4, 2, 91.—

Trop., of inanim. things et cadum Marsi memorem duelli, which remembers the Marsian war, i. e. was made during that war, Hor. C. 3, 14, 18:

medium erat in Anco ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor,

Liv. 1, 32:

lingua,

Ov. Am. 3, 14, 48:

pectus,

id. H. 13, 66:

auris,

id. ib. 20, 98:

cura,

id. P 4, 2, 7:

manus,

id. ib. 1, 4, 56:

saevae Junonis ira,

vindictive, avenging, Verg. A. 1, 4:

supplicium exempli parum memoris legum humanarum,

unmindful of, not observing, Liv. 1, 28.—

Esp.

That easily remembers, possessed of a good memory:

homo ingeniosus ac memor,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194.—

Poet., transf., that reminds one of a thing:

nostri memorem sepulcro Scalpe querelam,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 51:

impressit memorem dente labris notam,

id. ib. 1, 13, 12:

indicii memor poena,

Ov. M. 4, 190:

tabellae,

id. ib. 8, 744:

versus,

id. P. 2, 7, 33.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

mĕmŏre, by heart, readily (ante-class.): cum ista memore meministi, Pompon. ap. Non. 514, 23 (Com. Rel. v. 109 Rib.).—

mĕmŏrĭter.

From memory, by personal recollection:

oratio est habita memoriter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 63:

omnes ordines memoriter salutavit,

Suet. Ner. 10:

Q. Mucius multa narrare de Laelio memoriter et jucunde solebat,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1.—

Esp.

With a good memory, by ready recollection:

ista exposuisti, ut tam multa, memoriter, ut tam obscura, dilucide,

Cic. Fin. 4, 1, 1:

ut memoriter me Sauream vocabat,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 38:

hic quidem quae illic sunt res gestae memorat memoriter,

id. Am. 1, 1, 261:

hem istuc si potes memoriter meminisse,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 53; cf. Afran. ap. Charis. 1, p. 89 P. (Com. Fragm. v. 365 Rib.).—

Fully, accurately, correctly, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 47:

memoriter respondeto ad ea quae rogāro,

Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

nostra Aratea memoriter a te pronuntiata sunt,

id. Div. 2, 5, 14; Auct. ad Her. 3, 17, 30:

tu, qui tam memoriter tenes omnes,

Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 11 (cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34).

Mĕmor, ŏris, m., a Roman surname, lnscr. Mur. 1128, 5.

mĕmor, ŏris (anciently memoris, memore, acc. to Prisc. p. 772 P.; comp. memorior, id. p. 699 P.), adj. [Sanscr. root smar-, in smarti, memory; smara, love; Gr. martus, witness; merimna, care; cf.: memoria, mora, etc., not from memini], mindful of a thing, remembering; constr. with gen., with acc. and inf., with a rel,clause, and absol.

In gen.

With gen.:

ut memor esses sui,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

se eorum facti memorem fore,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13:

generis,

Sall. C. 60, 7:

pristinarum virtutum,

Nep. Hann. 12 fin.:

quique sui memores alios fecere merendo,

Verg. A. 6, 664:

nostri,

Hor. C. 3, 27, 14; 1, 33, 1:

vale nostri memor,

Juv. 3, 318.—

With acc. and inf.:

memor Lucullum periisse,

Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25:

memor objectum ab eo sibi,

Suet. Aug. 28.—

With a rel. -clause:

memor, quo ordine quisque discubuerat,

Quint. 11, 2, 13:

vive memor, quam sis aevi brevis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 97.—

Absol.:

memorem et gratum esse,

Cic. Fam. 13, 25: et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti, grateful. Verg. A. 4, 539: cf. 6, 664 supra:

ipsa memor praecepta canam,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 11; id. A. P. 368:

pectus,

Juv. 11, 28.—Prov.:

mendacem memorem esse oportet,

a liar should have a good memory, Quint. 4, 2, 91.—

Trop., of inanim. things et cadum Marsi memorem duelli, which remembers the Marsian war, i. e. was made during that war, Hor. C. 3, 14, 18:

medium erat in Anco ingenium, et Numae et Romuli memor,

Liv. 1, 32:

lingua,

Ov. Am. 3, 14, 48:

pectus,

id. H. 13, 66:

auris,

id. ib. 20, 98:

cura,

id. P 4, 2, 7:

manus,

id. ib. 1, 4, 56:

saevae Junonis ira,

vindictive, avenging, Verg. A. 1, 4:

supplicium exempli parum memoris legum humanarum,

unmindful of, not observing, Liv. 1, 28.—

Esp.

That easily remembers, possessed of a good memory:

homo ingeniosus ac memor,

Cic. de Or. 3, 50, 194.—

Poet., transf., that reminds one of a thing:

nostri memorem sepulcro Scalpe querelam,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 51:

impressit memorem dente labris notam,

id. ib. 1, 13, 12:

indicii memor poena,

Ov. M. 4, 190:

tabellae,

id. ib. 8, 744:

versus,

id. P. 2, 7, 33.—Hence, adv., in two forms.

mĕmŏre, by heart, readily (ante-class.): cum ista memore meministi, Pompon. ap. Non. 514, 23 (Com. Rel. v. 109 Rib.).—

mĕmŏrĭter.

From memory, by personal recollection:

oratio est habita memoriter,

Cic. Ac. 2, 19, 63:

omnes ordines memoriter salutavit,

Suet. Ner. 10:

Q. Mucius multa narrare de Laelio memoriter et jucunde solebat,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1.—

Esp.

With a good memory, by ready recollection:

ista exposuisti, ut tam multa, memoriter, ut tam obscura, dilucide,

Cic. Fin. 4, 1, 1:

ut memoriter me Sauream vocabat,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 38:

hic quidem quae illic sunt res gestae memorat memoriter,

id. Am. 1, 1, 261:

hem istuc si potes memoriter meminisse,

id. Capt. 2, 1, 53; cf. Afran. ap. Charis. 1, p. 89 P. (Com. Fragm. v. 365 Rib.).—

Fully, accurately, correctly, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 47:

memoriter respondeto ad ea quae rogāro,

Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:

nostra Aratea memoriter a te pronuntiata sunt,

id. Div. 2, 5, 14; Auct. ad Her. 3, 17, 30:

tu, qui tam memoriter tenes omnes,

Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 11 (cf. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34).

Mĕmor, ŏris, m., a Roman surname, lnscr. Mur. 1128, 5.

* * *

lingua (ante-class. form dingua, like dagrima for lacrima, Mar. Victorin. p. 2457 and 2470 P.; cf. the letter D), ae, f. [Sanscr. jihvā; original Lat. form. dingua; A. -S. tunga; Germ. Zunge; Engl. tongue. Not from the root lih, lich, v. lingo], the tongue.

Lit.:

fac proserpentem bestiam me duplicem ut habeam linguam (of a kiss in which the tongues touched each other),

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 105:

lingua haeret metu,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 7:

in ore sita lingua est, finita dentibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149:

linguā haesitantes,

id. de Or. 1, 25, 115:

linguā properanti legere,

Ov. P. 3, 5, 9:

linguā titubante loqui,

id. Tr. 3, 1, 21:

quo facilius verba ore libero exprimeret, calculos lingua volvens dicere domi solebat (Demosthenes),

Quint. 11, 3, 54: linguam exserere, to thrust out the tongue, in token of derision or contempt, Liv. 7, 10: so,

lingua ejecta,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266:

lingua minor,

the epiglottis, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 175.—Comically, as mock term of endearment:

hujus voluptas, te opsecro, hujus mel, hujus cor, hujus labellum, hujus lingua,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 178; cf. v. 175.—In mal. part.: homo malae linguae, a fellow with a bad tongue, i. q. fellator, Mart. 3, 80, 2; Min. Fel. Oct. 28.—

Transf.

Since the tongue is an organ of speech, a tongue, utterance, speech, language:

largus opum, lingua melior,

Verg. A. 11, 338:

facilem benevolumque lingua tua jam tibi me reddidit,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 35:

non tu tibi istam praetruncari linguam largiloquam jubes?

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 47:

Latium beare divite linguā,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 120:

lingua quasi flabello seditionis contionem ventilare,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54:

linguam continere,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13:

tenere,

Ov. F. 2, 602:

moderari,

Sall. J. 84:

linguae solutio,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 114:

linguam solvere ad jurgia,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

quidam operarii linguā celeri et exercitatā,

Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 83:

ut vitemus linguas hominum,

id. Fam. 9, 2, 2:

Aetolorum linguas retundere,

to check their tongues, bring them to silence, Liv. 33, 3; cf.:

claudente noxarum conscientiā linguam,

Amm. 16, 12, 61:

si mihi lingua foret,

Ov. H. 21, 205:

ne vati noceat mala lingua futuro,

Verg. E. 7, 28: favete linguis, i. e. give attention, " be silent that you may hear," Hor. C. 3, 1, 2; Ov. F. 1, 71:

linguis animisque faventes,

Juv. 12, 83:

nam lingua mali pars pessima servi,

id. 9, 121:

mercedem imponere linguae,

i. e. to speak for pay, id. 7, 149:

usum linguae reciperare,

Amm. 17, 12, 10:

linguā debili esse,

to stammer, Gell. 1, 12, 2.—Comically: os habeat, linguam, perfidiam, tongue, i. e. readiness in speech, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 33. —

The tongue or language of a people:

lingua Latina, Graeca,

Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:

Graeca et Latina lingua,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6:

(Massilia) tam procul a Graecorum regionibus, disciplinis linguāque divisa,

Cic. Fl. 26, 63:

quod quidem Latina lingua sic observat, ut, etc.,

id. Or. 44, 150:

Gallicae linguae scientiam habere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli, appellantur,

id. ib. 1, 1:

dissimili linguā,

Sall. C. 6, 2:

linguā utrāque,

i. e. Greek and Latin, Hor. S. 1, 10, 23; so, auctores utriusque linguae, Quint. prooem. 1;

1, 1, 14: Mithridates, cui duas et viginti linguas notas fuisse,

id. 11, 2, 50:

haud rudis Graecae linguae,

Curt. 5, 11, 4; 5, 4, 4; Nep. Milt. 3, 2:

Syrus in Tiberim Orontes et linguam et mores vexit,

Juv. 3, 63.—

Dialect, idiom, mode of speech (post-Aug.): illis non verborum modo, sed. linguarum etiam se inter differentium copia est. Quint. 12, 10, 34:

Crassus quinque Graeci sermonis differentias sic tenuit, ut, qua quisque apud eum linguā postulasset, eadem jus sibi redditum ferret,

id. 11, 2, 50:

utar enim historicā linguā,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 13, 3:

si philosophorum linguā uti voluissem,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4.—

Poet. of animals. the voice, note, song, bark, etc.:

linguae volucrum,

Verg. A. 3, 361; 10, 177:

linguam praecludere (canis),

Phaedr. 1, 22, 5.—

An utterance, expression:

lingua secretior,

a dark saying, Quint. 1, 1, 35.—

Of tongue-shaped things.

A plant, also called lingulaca, Plin. 24, 19, 108, § 170.—

Lingua bubula, a plant, oxtongue, bugloss, Cato, R. R. 40; Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 112.—

Lingua canina, Cels. 5, 27, 18 init.;

and lingua canis,

App. Herb. 96, the plant hound's-tongue, also called cynoglossos; q. v.—

A tongue of land: id promontorium, Cujus lingua in altum proicit, Pac. ap. Gell. 4, 17 fin.:

lingua in altum mille passuum excurrens,

Liv. 37, 31, 9; Weissenb. ad Liv. 25, 15, 12:

eminet in altum lingua, in qua urbs sita est,

Liv. 44, 11:

tenuem producit in aequora linguam,

Luc. 2, 614; cf.: lingua dicitur promontorii genus non excellentis sed molliter in planum devexi, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.—

A spoonful, as a measure, Plin. 26, 11, 73, § 119 (al. lingulis).—

The tongue or reed of a flute, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 84.—

The short arm of a lever:

vectis lingua sub onus subdita,

Vitr. 10, 8 (cf. ligula, VII.).

ab-sum, āfui (better than abfui), āfŭtārus (aforem, afore), v. n., in its most general signif., to be away from, be absent.

In gen.

Absol. without designating the distance (opp. adsum):

num ab domo absum?

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 16:

me absente atque insciente,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 130:

domini ubi absunt,

are not at home, not present, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53: facile aerumnam ferre possum, si inde abest injuria, Caecil. ap. Non. 430, 18.—

With reference to the distance in space or time; which is expressed either by a definite number, or, in gen., by the advs. multum, paulum (not parum, v. below) longe, etc.:

edixit, ut ab urbe abesset milia pass. ducenta,

Cic. Sest. 12, 29:

castra, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

haud longe abesse oportet,

he ought not to be far hence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 166:

legiones magnum spatium aberant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17:

menses tres abest,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 66:

haud permultum a me aberit infortunium,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 2, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 7.—With the simple abl. for ab:

paulumque cum ejus villa abessemus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1 Görenz; but, ab ejus villa, B. and K.; cf.:

nuptā abesse tuā,

Ov. R. Am. 774.— With inter:

nec longis inter se passibus absunt,

Verg. A. 11, 907.—With prope, propius, proxime, to denote a short distance:

nunc nobis prope abest exitium,

is not far from, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 8;

so with est: prope est a te Deus, tecum est,

Sen. Ep. 41:

loca, quae a Brundisio propius absunt, quam tu, biduum,

Cic. Att. 8, 14:

quoniam abes propius,

since you are nearer, id. ib. 1, 1:

existat aliquid, quod... absit longissime a vero,

id. Ac. 2, 11, 36; so id. Deiot. 13; Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16 al.—Hence the phrase: tantum abest, ut—ut, so far from — that, etc. (Zumpt, §

779), the origin of which is evident from the following examples from Cic. (the first two of which have been unjustly assailed): id tantum abest ab officio, ut nihil magis officio possit esse contrarium, Off. 1, 14 (with which comp. the person. expression: equidem tantum absum ab ista sententia, ut non modo non arbitrer... sed, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 60, 255):

tantum abest ab eo, ut malum mors sit, ut verear, ne, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 76: ego vero istos tantum abest ut ornem, ut effici non possit, quin eos oderim, so far am I from — that, id. Phil. 11, 14; sometimes etiam or quoque is added to the second clause, Lentul. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 15, 2; Suet. Tib. 50; more rarely contra, Liv. 6, 31, 4. Sometimes the second ut is left out:

tantum afuit, ut inflammares nostros animos: somnum isto loco vix tenebamus,

Cic. Brut. 80, 278; on the contrary, once in Cic. with a third ut: tantum abest ut nostra miremur, ut usque eo difficiles ac morosi simus, ut nobis non satisfaciat ipse Demosthenes, Or. 29, 104.

Hence,

To be away from any thing unpleasant, to be freed or free from:

a multis et magnis molestiis abes,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3:

a culpa,

id. Rosc. Am. 20: a reprehensione temeritatis, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23.

To be removed from a thing by will, inclination, etc.; to be disinclined to (syn. abhorreo)' a consilio fugiendi, Cic. Att. 7, 24:

ab istis studiis,

id. Planc. 25:

ceteri a periculis aberant,

kept aloof from, avoided, Sall. C. 6, 3. toto aberant bello, Caes. B. G. 7, 63.

To be removed from a thing in regard to condition or quality, i. e. to be different from, to differ = abhorrere abest a tua virtute et fide, Brut. et Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 2: istae kolakeiai non longe absunt a scelere, id. Att. 13, 30:

haec non absunt a consuetudine somniorum,

id. Divin. 1, 21, [p. 13] 42.—Since improvement, as well as deterioration, may constitute the ground of difference, so absum may, according to its connection, designate the one or the other:

nullā re longius absumus a naturā ferarum,

in nothing are we more elevated above the nature of the brute, Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50;

so also the much-contested passage,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17: longissime Plancius a te afuit, i. e. valde, plurimis suffragiis, te vicit, was far from you in the number of votes, i. e. had the majority; v. Wunder ad Planc. proleg. p. 83 sq.; on the other hand, to be less, inferior: longe te a pulchris abesse sensisti, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 339, 23:

multum ab eis aberat L. Fufius,

id. Brut. 62, 222; so Hor. A. P. 370.

Not to be suitable, proper, or fit for a thing:

quae absunt ab forensi contentione,

Cic. Or. 11, 37:

ab principis personā,

Nep. Ep. 1, 2.

To be wanting, = desum, Pac. ap. Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 122 Rib.):

unum a praeturā tuā abest,

one thing is wanting to your praetorship, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 25: quaeris id quod habes;

quod abest non quaeris,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 16; cf. Lucr. 3, 970 and 1095.—After Cicero, constr. in this signif. with dat.:

quid huic abesse poterit de maximarum rerum scientiā?

Cic. de Or. 1, 11, 48:

abest enim historia litteris nostris,

history is yet wanting to our literature, id. Leg. 2, 5.—So esp. in the poets:

donec virenti canities abest morosa,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 17; 3, 24, 64; Ov. M. 14, 371.—Hence the phrase non multum (neque multum), paulum, non (haud) procul, minimum, nihil abest, quin. not much, little, nothing is wanting that (Zumpt, Gr. § 540); but not parum, since parum in good classical authors does not correspond in meaning with non multum, but with non satis (v. parum):

neque multum abesse ab eo, quin, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 2, 2; and absol.:

neque multum afuit quin,

id. B. C. 2, 35, 4:

paulumque afuit quin, ib. § 2: legatos nostros haud procul afuit quin violarent,

Liv. 5, 4 fin.:

minimum afuit quin periret,

was within a little of, Suet. Aug. 14:

nihil afore credunt quin,

Verg. A. 8, 147 al.

Abesse alicui or ab aliquo, to be wanting to any one, to be of no assistance or service to (opp. adsum):

ut mirari Torquatus desinat, me, qui Antonio afuerim, Sullam defendere,

Cic. Sull. 5: facile etiam absentibus nobis ( without our aid) veritas se ipsa defendet, id. Ac. 2, 11, 36:

longe iis fraternum nomen populi Romani afuturum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36. So also Cic. Planc. 5, 13: et quo plus intererat, eo plus aberas a me, the more I needed your assistance, the more you neglected me, v. Wunder ad h. l.; cf. also Sall. C. 20 fin.

Cicero uses abesse to designate his banishment from Rome (which he would never acknowledge as such):

qui nullā lege abessem,

Cic. Sest. 34, 37; cf.: discessus. —Hence, absens, entis ( gen. plur. regul. absentium;

absentum,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 5), P. a., absent (opp. praesens).

In gen.:

vos et praesentem me curā levatis et absenti magna solatia dedistis,

Cic. Brut. 3, 11; so id. Off. 3, 33, 121; id. Verr. 2, 2, 17:

quocirca (amici) et absentes adsunt et egentes abundant,

id. Lael. 7, 23:

ut loquerer tecum absens, cum coram id non licet,

id. Att. 7, 15:

me absente,

id. Dom. 3; id. Cael. 50:

illo absente,

id. Tull. 17; id. Verr. 2, 60:

absente accusatore,

id. ib. 2, 99 al.— Sup.:

mente absentissimus,

Aug. Conf. 4, 4.—Of things (not thus in Cic.):

Romae rus optas, absentem rusticus urbem tollis ad astra,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 28; so,

Rhodus,

id. Ep. 1, 11, 21:

rogus,

Mart. 9, 77, 8:

venti,

Stat. Th. 5, 87:

imagines rerum absentium,

Quint. 6, 2, 29:

versus,

Gell. 20, 10.—

In partic.

In conversat. lang.

Praesens absens, in one's presence or absence:

postulo ut mihi tua domus te praesente absente pateat,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 29.—

Absente nobis turbatumst, in our absence (so also:

praesente nobis, v. praesens),

Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 7; Afran. ap. Non. 76, 19 (Com. Rel. p. 165 Rib.).—

In polit. lang., not appearing in public canvassings as a competitor:

deligere (Scipio) iterum consul absens,

Cic. Rep. 6, 11; so Liv. 4, 42, 1; 10, 22, 9.—

= mortuus, deceased, Plaut. Cas. prol. 20; Vitr. 7, praef. § 8.—

Ellipt.: absens in Lucanis, absent in Lucania, i. e. absent and in Lucania, Nep. Hann. 5, 3; so id. Att. 8, 6.

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

soluisse,

Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.

To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.

In a corporeal sense.

Outwardly, to release.

From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

solvite istas,

i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

solvite istum,

id. Mil. 5, 32:

numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

jube solvi (eum),

Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

ut vincti solvantur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

ita nexi soluti (sunt),

Liv. 8, 28, 9:

solvite me, pueri,

Verg. E. 6, 24:

fore ut brevi solveretur,

Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

canis solutus catena,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

Stat. Th. 5, 15:

terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—

From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

solverat sol equos,

unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

id. H. 11, 4:

praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

soluta toga,

Quint. 11, 3, 147:

vela solvere,

Verg. A. 4, 574.—

From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

Prop. 2, 1, 69:

fraxinus solvitur,

from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

ceciditque soluta pinus,

id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

pinus radice soluta, deficit,

id. S. 5, 1, 152:

solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

querno solvunt de stipite funem,

id. F. 4, 333:

fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

imber caelesti nube solutus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

cum solis radii absumant,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

solutum a latere pugionem,

detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—

Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.

With acc. alone:

eisce confectis navem solvimus,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

navim cupimus solvere,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

naves solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

Liv. 45, 6:

postero die solvere naves (jussi),

id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

classem solvere,

Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—

With ab and abl.:

navis a terra solverunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

Liv. 31, 7 med.:

solvunt a litore puppes,

Luc. 2, 649.—

With ex and abl.:

nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—

With abl.:

complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

portu solventibus,

id. Mur. 2, 4.—

Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

tertia fere vigilia solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

nos eo die cenati solvimus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

Liv. 31, 14 init.:

qui inde solverant,

Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

solvi mare languido,

Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—

With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Poet. usages:

de litore puppis solvit iter,

clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—

Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

Lucr. 6, 706:

cruor solvitur,

Stat. Th. 9, 530:

lacrimas solvere,

id. Achill. 2, 256:

solutis lacrimis,

Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

partus solvere,

to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—

To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.

In gen.:

omne colligatum solvi potest,

Cic. Fin. 11.—

Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

Curt. 8, 10, 3:

solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

dubitavit an solveret pontem,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere pontem,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

si pons solutus sit,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

solutus pons tempestatibus,

Just. 2, 13, 9:

currum (solis) solutum,

Manil. 1, 740.—

Of woven stuff:

solvens texta,

Prop. 2, 9, 6.—

Of mountains:

utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

id. Agam. 553.—

Of the neck:

soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—

Of a comet:

momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—

Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

solve capillos,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

crinem,

id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

comas casside,

Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—

Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

Stat. Th. 7, 745. —

To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.

Of a change into air or gas:

calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

Stat. Th. 5, 285;

nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

Ov. M. 15, 845.—

Into a liquid, to melt:

saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

nivem solvere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

rigor auri solvitur aestu,

Lucr. 1, 493:

ferrum calidi solvant camini,

Manil. 4, 250:

cerae igne solutae,

Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

(herba) quinto die solvitur,

id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—

Of putrefaction:

(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

Verg. G. 4, 302.—

Of change in general:

inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

Ov. F. 1, 108:

repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—

Of expansion by heat:

(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—

Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

gravitas aeris solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—

Solvi in, to pass into, become:

in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—

To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

solvere orbes,

Manil. 1, 497:

ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

Lucr. 3, 287:

(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

Liv. 39, 40, 11:

si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

tabes solvit corpora,

Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

id. 3, 506:

ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

hanc mihi solvite vitam,

Prop. 2, 9, 39.—

Trop.

To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.

From the body, etc.:

teque isto corpore solvo,

Verg. A. 4, 703:

soluta corpore anima,

Quint. 5, 14, 13:

qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

vocem solvere,

to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

suspiria solvit,

Stat. Th. 11, 604:

solvat turba jocos,

Sen. Med. 114:

solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—

Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

id. Const. 11, 3:

(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

From obligations and debts:

solvit me debito,

Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

an nos debito solverit,

id. Ep. 81, 3:

ut religione civitas solvatur,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

sacramento solvi,

Tac. A. 16, 13:

cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

Dig. 49, 16, 13:

militia solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

ut manere solveretur,

that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—

From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

id. ib. 4, 9:

sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

Ov. F. 6, 452:

ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

id. ib. 2, 40:

Helenen ego crimine solvo,

id. A. A. 2, 371:

quid crimine solvis Germanum?

Stat. Th. 11, 379:

solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —

From feelings, etc.:

quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

senatus cura belli solutus,

Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

pectus linquunt cura solutum,

Lucr. 2, 45:

his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

soluti metu,

Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

solvent formidine terras,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

solve metu patriam,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

metu belli Scythas solvit,

Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

soluti a cupiditatibus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

longo luctu,

Verg. A. 2, 26:

tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

Sen. Hippol. 450:

solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

rabie tigrim,

Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

solvite animos,

Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

vix haec in munera solvo animum,

i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—

From sleep, very rare:

ego somno solutus sum,

awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—

From labor, business, etc.:

volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—

From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

frontem solvere disce,

Mart. 14, 183:

saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

Stat. Th. 11, 373:

solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

vultum risu solvit,

relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

solvere judicem,

unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

solventur risu tabulae,

i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

Quint. 5, 10, 67.—

From any cause of restraint.

To release from siege:

Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

Liv. 44, 30:

patriam obsidione solvere,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —

From moral restraints:

hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—

From laws and rules: legibus solvere.

To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

solvatne legibus Scipionem,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

Liv. 31, 50, 8:

Scipio legibus solutus est,

id. Epit. 56:

Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

nec leti lege solutas,

Lucr. 3, 687:

nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—

Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

solutus Legibus insanis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—

To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.

Of troops, ranks, etc.:

ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

Liv. 42, 65, 8:

incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

agmina Diductis solvere choris,

Verg. A. 5, 581:

solvit maniplos,

Juv. 8, 154:

solvuntur laudata cohors,

Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

commissas acies ego possum solvere,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—

Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

convivio soluto,

Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

convivium solvit,

Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

Quid cessas convivia solvere?

Ov. F. 6, 675:

coetuque soluto Discedunt,

id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—

Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

Quint. 1, 9, 2:

quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

id. 9, 4, 14:

ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

id. 1, 8, 13:

non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—

Implying a change for the worse.

To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

solutus luxu,

id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

soluti in luxum,

Tac. H. 2, 99:

in lasciviam,

id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

Quint. 9, 4, 49.—

To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

Lucr. 6, 798:

ima Solvuntur latera,

Verg. G. 3, 523:

solvi debilitate corporis,

paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

mentes solvere,

to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—

By frost ( poet.):

solvuntur illi frigore membra,

Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—

By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

Ov. M. 7, 186:

corpora somnus Solverat,

id. ib. 10, 369:

molli languore solutus,

id. ib. 11, 648;

11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

id. ib. 8, 817:

somno vinoque solutos,

id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

ut membra solvit sopor,

id. ib. 12, 867:

non solvit pectora somnus,

Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

solvitur in somnos,

Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—

By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

corporibus quae senectus solvit,

Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

alius inter cenandum solutus est,

id. Ep. 66, 43:

ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

Sen. Troad. 605:

solvi inedia,

Petr. 111:

sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,

Of logical dissolution, to refute:

non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

argumentum solvere,

Quint. 2, 17, 34:

solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

Sen. Const. 12, 3.—

To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.

To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.

In a corporeal sense.

In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

Quint. 2, 12, 1:

qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

supera compage soluta,

Stat. Th. 8, 31.—

To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

nullo solvente catenas,

Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

solvere frenum,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

loris solutis,

Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

gelu solvitur,

it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

solvitur acris hiems,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

Stat. Th. 5, 217:

digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

id. ib. 8, 585.—

To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

solve vidulum ergo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

eam solve cistulam,

id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

solve zonam,

untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

Stat. Th. 5, 62:

animai nodos a corpore solvit,

Lucr. 2, 950:

nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

solvere nodum,

Stat. Th. 11, 646:

laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

Ov. M. 9, 58:

fasciam solve,

Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

solutis fasciis,

Curt. 7, 6, 5:

solvi fasciculum,

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

crinales vittas,

Verg. A. 7, 403:

Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

Curt. 7, 2, 25:

equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

redimicula solvite collo,

Ov. F. 4, 135:

corollas de fronte,

Prop. 1, 3, 21:

solvere portas,

Stat. Th. 3, 492:

munimina valli,

id. ib. 12, 10:

ille pharetram Solvit,

Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

solutis ac patefactis venis,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

venam cultello solvere,

Col. 6, 14; cf.

also: lychnis alvum solvit,

looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

ventrem,

Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—

Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.

Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).

Of the mouth, etc., to open:

talibus ora solvit verbis,

Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

os promptius ac solutius,

Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—

To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

morte solvetur compromissum,

Dig. 4, 8, 27:

soluto matrimonio,

ib. 24, 3, 2:

solutum conjugium,

Juv. 9, 79:

qui... conjugalia solvit,

Sen. Med. 144:

nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

Ov. M. 11, 743:

(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—

To efface guilt or wrong:

magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

Ov. F. 5, 304:

solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

id. ib. 2, 44:

culpa soluta mea est,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—

Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

capite poenas solvit,

Sall. J. 69, 4:

meritas poenas solventem,

Curt. 6, 3, 14:

poenarum solvendi tempus,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

nunc solvo poenas,

Sen. Phoen. 172:

hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

id. Hippol. 1177.—

To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

Lucr. 4, 908:

curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

patrimonii cura solvatur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

solvite corde metum,

Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

solve metus animo,

Stat. Th. 2, 356:

solvi pericula et metus narrant,

Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

id. A. A. 2, 460:

solvitque pudorem,

Verg. A. 4, 55.—

Of sleep:

quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

lassitudinem solvere,

Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —

Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.

To raise a siege:

solutam cernebat obsidionem,

Liv. 36, 10, 14:

soluta obsidione,

id. 36, 31, 7:

ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—

Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

Liv. 36, 7, 13.—

To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5:

imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

Sen. Oedip. 525:

sonipedes imperia solvunt,

id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 58.—

Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

Curt. 10, 2, 5:

solutae a se legis monitus,

Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

Liv. 8, 4, 7:

(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

id. 1, 49, 7:

oportebat istum morem solvi,

Curt. 8, 8, 18.—

Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).

To subvert discipline:

disciplinam militarem solvisti,

Liv. 8, 7, 16:

luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

id. 40, 1, 4:

quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—

Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

Sall. J. 41, 6:

patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

vires solvere,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

Quint. 11, 3, 133.—

Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

hoc firmos solvit amores,

Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

Tib. 1, 2, 60.—

Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

vitex dicitur febres solvere,

Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

solvit jejunia granis,

Ov. F. 4, 607:

quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

famem,

Sen. Thyest. 64.—

To delay:

hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

Sen. Troad. 1131.—

Of darkness, to dispel:

lux solverat umbras,

Stat. Th. 10, 390.—

Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

Sen. Phoen. 406:

electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

jurgia solvere,

Manil. 3, 115:

contradictiones solvere,

Quint. 7, 1, 38.—

Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

aenigmata,

Quint. 8, 6, 53:

omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

Suet. Gram. 11:

haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

id. Ep. 48, 6:

carmina non intellecta Solverat,

Ov. M. 7, 760:

triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

Sen. Oedip. 102:

nodos juris,

Juv. 8, 50:

proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

Quint. 5, 10, 96:

plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

id. 1, 10, 49:

quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

id. 3, 7, 3:

ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—

In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.

Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

Liv. 6, 14, 5:

quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

pro vectura rem solvit?

paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

tibi res soluta est recte,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

si tergo res solvonda'st,

by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

id. Curc. 3, 9:

tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,

Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

id. ib. 20, 46:

misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

ut creditori solvat,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—

With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

id. Fl. 23, 54:

ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

aes alienum solvere,

Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

debitum solvere,

id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

ne pecunias creditas solverent,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

Liv. 6, 15, 5:

ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

cum patriae quod debes solveris,

Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —