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  • 1 ORATIO (DISCOURSE, LANGUAGE, ORATION)

    речь (от oris ratio); акт размышления в речи; речь, обладающая субъектностью, смыслоразделительной функцией и смысловым единством; стоит в тесной связи с идеей творения и интенции, присущей субъекту как его активное начало и полагавшей акт обозначения и его результат - значение внутри обозначаемого. Это - не диахронический процесс звуковой последовательности, а синхронический процесс выявления смыслов, требующий по меньшей мере двух участников речевого акта - говорящего и слушающего, вопрошающего и отвечающего, чтобы быть вместе и понятым и услышанным. Обращенность к другому участнику речевого процесса (имманентный план бытия) предполагала одновременную обращенность к трансцендентному источнику слова - Богу, потому речь, произносимая при «Боге свидетеле» всегда предполагалась как жертвенная речь. По Петру Абеляру, «относительно имени „речь" существует большая разноголосица, поскольку речь рассматривается как количество. Одни утверждают, что под этим именем имеется в виду напряжение голоса при любом произнесении, как простого звука, так и сложного, как обозначающего что-то, так и не обозначающего ничего. Другие полагают, что оно относится только к сложным и обозначающим звукам, к таким как „человек бежит" и т. д... Находятся и такие, кто относит имена всех звуков как к субстанции, так и к количеству и принимают то непреходящее „речь, произнесенная голосом", т. е. что она - звук, выделяя это среди многих других имеющихся обозначений речи... У греков имя „речь" употребляется в трех значениях: как звучащая речь (vocalis oratio), которая произносится; как реальная (realis oratio), которая записана; и как интеллектуальная (intellectualis oratio), которая порождается самим словом. И мы приняли бы такого рода двоякий смысл - либо по отношению к имени „речь", либо по отношению к прочим именам звуков, но это никоим образом не касается свойства того, что мы пытаемся продемонстрировать... единой речью... могут называться те высказывания, которые произносятся непрерывно одним и тем же человеком... Речь становится значащей после произнесения всех ее частей... И пусть душа слушателя не успокоится, пока не умолкнет язык говорящего... Когда мы говорим, что произнесенная речь что-то обозначает, то мы не хотим, чтобы это было понято так, будто мы приписываем тому, чего нет, некую форму, которую мы называем значением, но скорее понимание, извлеченное из произнесенной речи, мы воспринимаем как концепт в душе слушателя» (Петр Абеляр. Диалектика // Петр Абеляр. Тео-логические трактаты. С. 116-118, 121). Речь как «многосмысленное высказывание» (там же. С. 120).

     

    Латинский словарь средневековых философских терминов > ORATIO (DISCOURSE, LANGUAGE, ORATION)

  • 2 lingua

    language, tongue, speech.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > lingua

  • 3 oratio

    I.
    In gen., the connection of words to express thought:

    non est autem in verbo modus hic, sed in oratione, id est, in continuatione verborum,

    Cic. 3, 42, 167.
    1.
    Speech, the power or faculty of speech, the habit or use of language:

    quae (ferae) sunt rationis et orationis expertes,

    Cic. Off. 1, 16, 50:

    natura vi rationis hominem conciliat homini et ad orationis et ad vitae societatem,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 12.—
    2.
    Speech, language, utterance; opp. to fact, action, etc.:

    lenitudo orationis, mollitudo corporis,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 46:

    idque videns Epicurus re tollit, oratione relinquit deos,

    id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

    qui sunt leves locutores... eorum orationem bene existimatum est in ore nasci, non in pectore,

    Gell. 1, 15, 1:

    nam quid te igitur rettulit beneficum esse oratione, si ad rem auxilium emortuum est,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 19:

    ut in vitā, sic in oratione, nihil est difficilius quam quid deceat videre,

    Cic. Or. 21, 70: qualis homo ipse esset, talem ejus esse orationem;

    orationi autem facta similia, factis vitam,

    id. Tusc. 5, 16, 47:

    partes igitur orationis secundum dialecticos duae, nomen et verbum,

    parts of speech, Prisc. 2, 4, 15.—
    3.
    Hence, a mode of speaking; a kind, manner, style of speech; language:

    quin tu istanc orationem hinc veterem atque antiquam amoves. Nam proletario sermone nunc utere,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 155: nam opulenti cum loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, eadem dicta eademque oratio aequa non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3: quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit, id. ap. Non. p. 512, 8:

    aliam nunc mihi orationem despoliato praedicas,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 52: Creta est profecto horum hominum oratio, quam orationem [p. 1275] hanc aures dulce devorant, id. Poen. 5, 2, 9:

    (Andria et Perinthia) non ita sunt dissimili argumento, sed tamen Dissimili oratione,

    Ter. And. prol. 11.—Esp. (in gram.): oratio obliqua, indirect speech, the use of dependent clauses in citing the language of others:

    quam (orationem) obliquam Pompeius Trogus exposuit (opp. to conciones directae),

    Just. 38, 3, 11.—Hence,
    4.
    Mode of speech, language, use of language, style:

    mollis est enim oratio philosophorum,

    Cic. Or. 19, 64:

    (fabulae) tenui oratione et scripturā levi,

    Ter. Phorm. prol. 5:

    ut Stoicorum est astrictior oratio aliquantoque contractior, quam aures populi requirunt, sic illorum (Peripateticorum) liberior et latior, quam patitur consuetudo judiciorum et fori,

    Cic. Brut. 31, 120:

    orationem Latinam efficies profecto legendis nostris pleniorem,

    id. Off. 1, 1, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 1.—
    5.
    Esp., the language of any people or nation:

    Timaeus in historiis quas oratione Graecā composuit,

    Gell. 11, 1, 1:

    semper cum Graecis Latina (exempla) conjunxi... ut par sis in utriusque orationis facultate,

    Cic. Off. 1, 1, 1.—
    II.
    In partic., formal language, artificial discourse, set speech (opp. to sermo, ordinary speech, conversational language):

    mollis est oratio philosophorum et umbratilis, nec verbis instructa popularibus nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius: itaque sermo potiusquam oratio dicitur. Quamquam enim omnis locutio oratio est, tamen unius oratoris locutio hoc proprio dignata nomine est,

    Cic. Or. 19, 64; cf.:

    et quoniam magna vis orationis est eaque duplex, altera contentionis, altera sermonis, contentio disceptationibus tribuatur judiciorum, contionum, senatus, sermo in circulis, disputationibus, congressionibus familiarium versetur, sequatur etiam convivia,

    id. Off. 1, 37, 132.—Hence,
    B.
    A set speech, harangue, discourse, oration:

    (oratio) ut gravis, ut suavis, ut erudita sit, ut liberalis, ut polita, ut sensus, ut doloris habeat quantum opus sit, non est singulorum articulorum: in toto spectantur haec corpore, etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 96; cf.

    the context: illam orationem disertam sibi et oratoriam videri, fortem et virilem non videri,

    id. ib. 1, 54, 231:

    hanc habere orationem mecum principio institit,

    Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 21:

    pleraeque scribuntur orationes habitae jam, non ut habeantur,

    Cic. Brut. 24, 91:

    non est haec oratio habenda apud imperitam multitudinem,

    id. Mur. 29, 61:

    ignarus faciundae ac poliendae orationis,

    id. de Or. 1, 14, 63:

    in orationibus hisce ipsis judiciorum, contionum, senatus,

    id. ib. 1, 16, 73:

    quanta illa, di immortales, fuit gravitas, quanta in oratione majestas! sed adfuistis, et est in manibus oratio,

    id. Lael. 25, 96:

    qui orationem adversus rem publicam habuissent, eorum bona in publicum adducebat,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 5:

    ab adulescentiā confecit orationes,

    Nep. Cat. 3, 3:

    Catonis aliae acerbae orationes extant, etc.,

    Liv. 39, 42, 6:

    oratio plebi acceptior,

    id. 3, 69:

    accurata et polita,

    Cic. Brut. 95, 326:

    longa,

    Liv. 34, 5:

    acris et vehemens,

    Quint. 5, 13, 25:

    admirabilis,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 94:

    angusta et concisa, opp. collata et diffusa,

    id. Or. 56, 187:

    aspera, tristis, horrida, neque perfecta neque conclusa, opp. laevis et structa et terminata,

    id. ib. 5, 20:

    circumcisa et brevis,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 4:

    rotunda et undique circumcisa,

    Quint. 8, 5, 27:

    cohaerens,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 173:

    concinna,

    id. ib. 3, 25, 98:

    stabilis, opp. volubilis,

    id. Or. 56, 187.—
    III.
    Transf.
    A.
    The power of oratory, eloquence:

    tantam vim habet illa, quae recte a bono poëtā dicta est, flexamina atque omnium regina rerum oratio, ut non modo inclinantem excipere aut stantem inclinare, sed etiam adversantem ac repugnantem ut imperator fortis ac bonus capere possit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187:

    satis in eo fuisse orationis atque ingenii,

    id. Brut. 45, 165:

    non enim verendum est ne te in tam bonā causā deficiat oratio,

    Lact. 2, 3.—
    B.
    Prose (opp. to poetry):

    et in poëmatis et in oratione,

    Cic. Or. 21, 70.—
    C.
    (In gram.) A sentence, a clause expressing a complete sense:

    oratio est ordinatio dictionum congrua sententiam perfectam demonstrans,

    Prisc. 2, 4, 15:

    oratio dicitur liber rhetoricus, necnon unaquaeque dictio hoc saepe nomine nuncupatur cum plenam ostendit sententiam,

    id. ib.: defectio litterae, et syllabae, et dictionis, et orationis, id. 17, 1, 5.—
    D.
    (Under the empire.) An imperial message, rescript:

    orationes ad senatum missae,

    Suet. Ner. 15:

    oratio principis per quaestorem ejus audita est,

    Tac. A. 16, 27:

    orationesque in senatu recitaret etiam quaestoris vice,

    Suet. Tit. 6; cf. id. Aug. 65.—
    E.
    A prayer, an address to the Deity (eccl. Lat.):

    respice ad orationem servi tui,

    Vulg. 3 Reg. 8, 28:

    per orationes Dominum rogantes,

    id. 2 Macc. 10, 16:

    pernoctans in oratione Dei,

    id. Luc. 6, 12.—Also absol., prayer, the habit or practice of prayer:

    perseverantes in oratione,

    Vulg. Act. 1, 14:

    orationi instate,

    id. Col. 4, 2; cf. Gell. 13, 22, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > oratio

  • 4 lingua

        lingua ae, f    [old dingua, cf. Germ. Zunge; Engl. tongue], the tongue: lingua haeret metu, T.: exsectio linguae: linguā titubante loqui, O.: linguam exserere (in derision or contempt), L.— A tongue, utterance, speech, language: ignara, S.: verborum copia in nostrā lingua: Largus opum, linguā melior, V.: Latium beare divite linguā, H.: ut vitemus linguas hominum: Aetolorum linguas retundere, check, L.: Favete linguis, i. e. give attention, H.: nam lingua mali pars pessima servi, Iu.: mercedem imponere linguae, i. e. speak for pay, Iu.— Tongue, speech, dialect, language: Latina, Graeca: qui ipsorum linguā Celtae, nostrā Galli, appellantur, Cs.: dissimili linguā, S.: linguā utrāque, i. e. Greek and Latin, H.—Of animals, the voice, note, song, bark: linguae volucrum, V.: linguam praecludere (of a dog), Ph.— A tongue of land: eminet in altum lingua, L.— Tongue, garrulity, insolence: linguā promptus hostis, L.: magna, H.: materna, boasting, O.— Fluency, eloquence, readiness of speech: quibus lingua prompta, L.: Est animus tibi, est lingua, H.
    * * *
    tongue; speech, language; dialect

    Latin-English dictionary > lingua

  • 5 ōrātiō

        ōrātiō ōnis, f    [oro], a speaking, speech, discourse, language, faculty of speech, use of language: rationis et orationis expertes: Epicurus re tollit, oratione relinquit deos.—A mode of speaking, manner of speech, language, style, expression: Dissimili oratione sunt factae (fabulae), T.: mollis: oratio Latina plenior: utriusque orationis facultas, i. e. in both rhetorical and philosophical discourse. —A set speech, harangue, discourse, oration: Hanc habere orationem mecum, T.: multā oratione consumptā, S.: pleraeque scribuntur orationes habitae iam, non ut habeantur: oratione longā nihil opus fuisse: orationem adversus rem p. habere, Cs.: confecit orationes, N.: plebi acceptior, L.: cohaerens: illorum, qui dissentiunt, objection.—A subject, theme: huius orationis difficilius est exitum quam principium invenire.—The power of oratory, eloquence: omnium regina rerum oratio, Pac. ap. C. — Prose: et in poëmatis et in oratione: numeri, quibus etiam in oratione uteremur.—An imperial message, rescript: Principis, Ta.
    * * *
    speech, oration; eloquence; prayer

    Latin-English dictionary > ōrātiō

  • 6 sermō

        sermō ōnis, m    [1 SER-], continued speech, talk, conversation, discourse: vis orationis est duplex, altera contentionis, altera sermonis: Multa inter sese vario sermone serebant, V.: illa cum illo sermonem occipit, T.: sermones caedimus, T.: in nostris sermonibus: longior, Cs.: familiaris et cottidianus: erat in sermone omnium: Referre sermones deorum, H.: Detinuit sermone diem, O.: sermo litterarum tuarum, conversation by correspondence with you.—A set conversation, learned talk, discourse, disputation, discussion: num sermonem vestrum aliquem diremit noster interventus?: rebus iis de quibus hic sermo est: inter nos habitus: de philosophiā, N.— An utterance, declaration, speech, remark: sermones (eius) ansas dabant, quibus reconditos eius sensūs tenere possemus: qui (voltus) sermo quidam tacitus mentis est, i. e. expression: refertur eius sermo ad Apronium: hic sermo Abdalonymi, Cu.— Ordinary speech, talk, conversational language: oratio philosophorum sermo potius quam oratio dicitur: si quis scribat, uti nos, Sermoni propiora, H.— Prose: comoedia nisi quod pede certo Differt sermoni, sermo merus, H.— Conversational verse, satire: (delectari) Bioneis sermonibus, H.: sermones Repentes per humum, H.— Common talk, report, rumor: numquam de vobis eorum gratissimus sermo conticescet: sermo totā Asiā dissipatus, Cn. Pompeium, etc.: in sermonem hominum venire: in hoc pervagato civitatis sermone versantur, this talk of the town: sermones iniquorum effugere: aliquid oratione meā sermonis in sese esse quaesitum, calumny: dabimus sermonem iis, qui, etc., occasion for talk.—A manner of speaking, mode of expression, language, style, diction: sermone eo uti, qui innatus est nobis: elegantia sermonis.— A language, speech: cives et sermonis et iuris societate iuncti: in Latino sermone: patrius, H.
    * * *
    conversation, discussion; rumor; diction; speech; talk; the word

    Latin-English dictionary > sermō

  • 7 A

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > A

  • 8 a

    1.
    A, a, indecl. n. (sometimes joined with littera), the first letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the a, a of the other Indo-. European languages:

    A primum est: hinc incipiam, et quae nomina ab hoc sunt, Lucil. ap. Terent. Scaur. p. 2255 P.: sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    ne in A quidem atque S litteras exire temere masculina Graeca nomina recto casu patiebantur,

    Quint. 1, 5, 61.
    II.
    The sound of the A is short or long in every part of the word; as, ăb, păter, ită; ā, māter, frustrā. During a short period (between about 620 and 670 A. U. C. = from 134 to 84 B.C.) long a was written aa, probably first by the poet L. Attius, in the manner of the Oscan language; so we find in Latin inscriptions: AA. CETEREIS (i.e.a ceteris), CALAASI, FAATO, HAACE, MAARCIVM, PAAPVS, PAASTORES, VAARVS; and in Greek writing, MAAPKOPs PsIOS MAAPKEAAOS, KOINTON MAAPKION (like Osc. aasas = Lat. āra, Osc. Paapi = Lat. Pāpius, Osc. Paakul = Lat. Pāculus, Pācullus, Pācuvius, etc.), v. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 28 sq., and cf. Mommsen, Unterital. Dialekte, p. 210 sq. (The Umbrian language has gone a step farther, and written long a by aha, as Aharna, Naharcom, trahaf, etc.; cf. Aufrecht and Kirchhoff, Umbrische Sprachdenkm. p. 76 sq.) Vid. also the letters E and U.
    III.
    In etymological and grammatical formation of words, short a very often (sometimes also long a) is changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Short a is changed,
    1.
    , into long a —
    a.
    In consequence of the suppression of the following consonants at the end or in the middle of the word: ŭb, ā; vădis, vūs; ăg-, ăg-men, exāmen; tăg-, contūmino; căd-, cāsus. Hence also in the abl. sing. of the first decl., and in the particles derived from it. in consequence of the suppression of the original ablat. end. - d: PRAEDAD (Col. Rostr.), praedā; SENTENTIAD (S. C. de Bacch.), sententiā; EXTBAD (ib.), extrā; SVPRAD (ib.), suprā. —Hence,
    b.
    In perfect forms: scăb-o, scābi; căveo, cūvi; făv-eo, fāvi; păv-eo, pāvi (for scăbui, căvui, făvui, păvui).
    c.
    In other forms: ăgo, ambūges; păc-, păc-iscor, pâcis (pâx); săg-ax, sūgus, sāga; măc-er, mâcero; făg- (phagein), fūgus. (Contrary to analogy, ă remains short in dănunt, from dă-in-unt, V. Ritschl, l.l.p. 17.)
    2.
    Short a is changed into é or ē—
    a.
    Into é.
    (α).
    Most frequently in the second part of compounds, particularly before two consonants: facio, confectus; jacio, conjectus; rapio, dereptus; dăm-, damno, condemno; fāl-, fallo, fefelli; măn-, mando, commendo; scando, ascendo; ăp-, aptus, ineptus; ăr-, ars, iners, sollers; ăn-, annus, perennis; căpio, auceps; căput, triceps; ăgo, remex; jăcio, objex. And thus in Plautus, according to the best MSS., dispenno, dispessus from pando, compectus from compăciscor, anteceptus from capio (on the other hand, in Vergil, according to the best MS., aspurgo, attractare, deiractare, kept their a unchanged).
    (β).
    Sometimes ă is changed into ĕ also before one consonant (but in this case it is usually changed into ĭ; v. infra, 3. a. a.): grădior, ingrĕdior; pătior, perpĕtior; părio, repĕrio; păro, vitupĕro; ăp-, coepi (i. e. co-ŭpi); căno, tubicĕn, tibicĕn; in the reduplicated carcĕr (from carcar) farfŏrus (written also farfārus); and so, according to the better MSS., aequipĕro from păro, and defĕtigo from fătigo.
    (γ).
    In words taken from the Greek: talanton, talŏntum; phalara, phalŏrae; sisaron, sisŏr (but, according to the best MSS., cumŭra from kamara, not camŏra).
    b.
    Short a is changed to ē in some perfect forms: ăgo, ēgi; fūcio, féci; jăci, jĕci; frag-, frango, frēgi; căpio, cēpi, and păg-, pango, pēgi (together with pepĭgi and panxi, v. pango).
    3.
    Short a is changed to ĭ, a (most frequently in the second part of compounds)
    (α).
    before one consonant: ăgo, abĭgo; făcio, confĭcio; cădo, concĭdo; sălio, assĭlio; răpio, abrĭpio; păter, Juppĭter (in Umbrian lang. unchanged, Jupater), Marspĭter; Diespĭter, Opĭter; rătus, irrĭtus; ămicus, inìmicus (but ŭ remains unchanged in adŭmo, impătiens, and in some compounds of a later period of Roman literature, as praejacio, calefacio, etc.). —
    (β).
    Sometimes also before two consonants (where it is usually changed into ĕ; v. supra, 2. a. b.): tăg-, tango, contingo; păg-, pango, compingo (unchanged in some compounds, as peragro, desacro, depango, obcanto, etc.).
    b.
    ă is changed into ĭ in the reduplicated perfect forms: cădo, cecĭdi; căno, cecĭni; tăg-, tango, tetĭgi; păg-, pango, pepĭgi.
    c.
    Likewise in some roots which have ă: păg-, pignus; străg- (strangulo, strangô), stringo.
    d.
    In words taken from the Greek: mêchanê, machĭna; patanê, patĭna; bukanê, bucĭna; trutanê, trutĭna; balaneion, balĭneum; Katana, Catĭna (written also Catana); Akragas, Agrĭgentum.
    4.
    Short a is changed into short or long o.
    a.
    Into ŏ: scăbo, scobs; păr, pars, portio; dăm-, dŏmo; Fabii, Fŏvii (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 87); marmaron, marmŏr; Mars, redupl. Marmar, Marmor (Carm. Fratr. Arv.).
    b.
    Into ō: dă-, dōnum, dōs; ăc-, ăcuo, ōcior (v. this art.).
    5.
    Short a is changed into ŭ —
    a.
    In the second part of compounds, particularly before l, p, and b: calco, inculco; salsus, insulsus; salto, exsulto; capio, occŭpo; răpio, surrupio and surruptus (also written surripio and surreptus); tăberna, contŭbernium; —before other consonants: quătio, conoŭtio; as, decussis; Mars, Mamŭrius, Mamŭralia; and once also condumnari (Tab. Bant. lin. 8, immediately followed by condemnatus, v. Klenze, Philol. Abhandl. tab. I., and Mommsen, Unterital. Dial. p. 149).
    b.
    In words of Greek origin: Hekabê, Hecŭba; skutalê, scutŭla; kraipalê, crapŭla; passalos, pessŭlus; aphlaston, aplustre; thriambos, triumphus.
    c.
    ă is perhaps changed into ŭ in ulciscor, compared with alc-, ulexô (arc-, arceo).
    B.
    Long a is sometimes changed into ē or ō.
    1.
    Into é: hālo, anhélo; fās-, féstus, profēstus; nām, némpe.
    2.
    Into ō: gnā-, gnārus, ignārus, ignōro. (But in general long a remains unchanged in composition: lābor, delūbor; gnàvus, ignūnus; fàma, infūmis.)
    IV.
    Contrary to the mode of changing Greek a into Latin e, i, o, u (v. supra), Latin a has sometimes taken the place of other Greek vowels in words borrowed from the Greek, as: lonchê, lancea; kulix, călix; Ganumêoês, Caiāmitus.
    V.
    The repugnance of the Latin Language to the Greek combined vowels ao has caused the translocation of them in Alumento for Daomeoôn (Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll.).— Greek a is suppressed in Hercules from Hêraklês (probably in consequence of the inserted u; in late Latin we find Heracla and Heracula, cf. Ritschl, in Rhein. Mus. Neue Folge, vol. 12, p. 108).
    VI.
    Latin ă was early combined with the vowels i and u, forming the diphthongs ai and au; by changing the i into e, the diphthong ai soon became ae. So we find in the oldest inscriptions: AIDE, AIDLLIS, AIQVOM, GNAIVOD, HAICE, DVELONAI, TABELAI, DATAI, etc., which soon gave place to aedem, aedilis, aequom, Gnaeo, haec, Bellonae, tabellae, datae, etc. (the Col. Rostr. has PRAESENTE, PRAEDAD, and the S. C. de Bacch. AEDEM. The triphthong aei, found in CONQVAEISIVEI (?), is very rare; Miliar. Popil. lin. 11, v. Ritschl, l. l. p. 21). In some poets the old gen. sing. of the first decl. (- ai) is preserved, but is dissyllabic, āī. So in Ennius: Albūī Longūī, terrūī frugiferāī, frondosāī, lunāī, viāī; in Vergil: aulāī, aurāī, aquāī, pictāī; in Ausonius: herāī.
    B.
    ue as well as au are changed into other vowels.
    1.
    The sound of ae, e, and oe being very similar, these vowels are often interchanged in the best MSS., So we find caerimonia and cerimonia, caepa and cēpa, saeoulum and séculum; scaena and scēna; caelum and coelum, haedus and hoedus, macstus and moestus; cena, coena, and caena, etc.
    2.
    In composition and reduplications ae becomes í: aequus, iníquus; quaero, inquíro; laedo, illído; taedet, pertisum (noticed by Cic.); aestumo, exístumo; cuedo, cecídi, concído, homicida.
    3.
    ae is also changed into í in a Latinized word of Greek origin: Achaios (AchaiWos), Achíous.
    4.
    The diphthong au is often changed to ó and ú (the latter particularly in compounds): caudex, códex; Claudius, Clodius; lautus, lotus; plaustrum, plōstrum; plaudo, plōdo, explōdo; paululum, pōlulum; faux, suffōco; si audes (acc. to Cic. or acc. to others, si audies), sódes, etc.; claudo, inclūdo; causa, accūso. Hence in some words a regular gradation of au, o, u is found: claudo, clōdicare, clúdo; raudus, ródus, rúdus; caupo, cópa, cūpa; naugae, nōgae (both forms in the MSS. of Plautus), nūgae; fraustra, frode, frude (in MSS. of Vergil); cf. Ritschl, in Wintercatalog 1854-55, and O. Ribbeck, in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 77, p. 181 sq.—The change of au into oē and ō appears only in audio, (oboedio) obēdio.
    5.
    Au sometimes takes the place of av-: faveo, fautum, favitor, fautor; navis, navita, nauta; avis, auceps, auspex. So Latin aut corresponds to Sanscr. avo. (whence - vā, Lat. - ve), Osc. avti, Umbr. ute, ote; and so the Lat. preposition ab, through av, becomes au in the words aufero and aufugio (prop. av-fero, av-fugio, for ab-fero, ab-fugio). Vid. the art. ab init.
    VII.
    In primitive roots, which have their kindred forms in the sister-languages of the Latin, the original a, still found in the Sanscrit, is in Latin either preserved or more frequently changed into other vowels.
    A.
    Original a preserved: Sanscr. mātri, Lat. màter; S. bhrātri, L. fràter; S. nāsā, L. nàsus and nàris; S. ap, L. aqua; S. apa, L. ab; S. nāma, L. năm; S. ćatur, [p. 2] L. quattuor (in Greek changed: thettares); S. capūla, L. căput (in Greek changed: kephalê, etc.).
    B.
    Original a is changed into other Latin vowels—
    1.
    Into e: S. ad, L. ed (ĕdo); S. as, L. es (esse); S. pat, L. pet (peto); S. pād, L. pĕd (pès); S. dant, L. dent (dens); S. ǵan, L. gen (gigno); S. mā, L. mè-tior; S. saptan, L. septem; S. daśan, L. decem; S. śata, L. centum; S. aham, L. ŏgo; S. pāra, L. per; S. paśu, L. pŏcus; S. asva, L. ŏquus, etc.
    2.
    Into i: S. an-, a- (neg. part.), L. in-: S. ana (prep.), L. in; S. antar, L. inter; S. sama, L. similis; S. agni, L. ignis; S. abhra, L. imber; S. panéa, L. quinque, etc.
    3.
    Into o: S. avi, L. ŏvi (ovis); S. vać, L. vōc (voco); S. pra, L. pro; S. pā, L. po (pŏtum); S. nāma, L. nōmen; S. api, L. ŏb; S. navan, L. nŏvem; S. nava, L. nŏvus, etc.
    4.
    Into u: S. marmara, L. murmur.
    5.
    Into ai, ae: S. prati, L. (prai) prae; S. śaśpa, L. caespes.
    6.
    Into different vowels in the different derivatives: S. mā, L. mê-tior, mŏdus; S. praó, L. prŏcor, prŏcus; S. vah, L. vĕho, via.
    C.
    Sometimes the Latin has preserved the original a, while even the Sanscrit has changed it: Lat. pa-, pater, Sanscr. pd, pitri.
    2.
    As an abbreviation A. usually denotes the praenomen Aulus; A. A. = Auli duo, Inscr. Orell. 1530 (but A. A. = Aquae Aponi, the modern Abano, ib. 1643 sq.; 2620; 3011). The three directors of the mint were designated by III. VIRI A. A. A. F. F. (i. e. auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo), ib. 569; 2242; 2379; 3134 al.;

    so also A. A. A.,

    ib. 3441 (cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 13 fin., and v. the art. Triumviri); A. D. A. agris dandis adsignandis, and A. I. A. agris judicandis adsignandis; A. O. amico optimo; A. P. a populo or aediliciae potestatis; A. P. R. aerario populi Romani. —Upon the voting tablets in judicial trials A. denoted absoluo; hence A. is called littera salutaris, Cic. Mil. 6, 15; v. littera. In the Roman Comitia A. (= antiquo) denoted the rejection of the point in question; v. antiquo. In Cicero's Tusculan Disputations the A. designated one of the disputants = adulescens or auditor, opp. to M. for magister or Marcus (Cicero); but it is to be remarked that the letters A and M do not occur in the best MSS. of this treatise; cf. edd. ad Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9.—In dates A. D. = ante diem; v. ante; A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae; A. P. R. C. anno post Romam conditam.
    3.
    a, prep.=ab, v. ab.
    4.
    ā, interj.=ah, v. ah.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > a

  • 9 O

    1.
    O, o, the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the Gr. o and ô. The Latin language possessed both the sound and the sign from the earliest times; whereas the Etruscan language never possessed the o, and the Umbrian seems not to have received it as an alphabetical character till a later period. The oldest monuments of the Latin tongue frequently employ o where the classic language has u. So on the Column. Rostr. MACESTRATOS ( acc. plur.), EXFOCIONT, CONSOL, PRIMOS ( nom. sing.), CAPTOM; in the epitaphs of the Scipios, HONC OINO, COSENTIONT, DVONORO OPTVMO VIRO (bonorum optumum virum); in the S. C. de Bacch. IN OQVOLTOD al. And even in the later inscrr. and MSS., we sometimes find o for u:

    POPLICO, POPOLVM, TABOLEIS, in the Tab. Bantina: FACIONDAM DEDERONT,

    Inscr. Orell. 1585:

    MONDO, HOC TOMOLO,

    ib. 4858:

    fondus, fornacatibus, solitodo, etc., in good MSS. (v. Freund,

    Cic. Mil. p. 18). And, on the contrary, u for o in the old forms, fruns, funtes, for frons, fontes, v. h. vv.: RVBVSTIS for robustis, in the Cenot. Pisan.; v. Inscr. Orell. 642:

    NVMENCLATOR,

    Inscr. Grut. 630, 5:

    CONSVBRINVS,

    ib. 1107, 1:

    SACERDVS,

    ib. 34, 5:

    VNV LOCV,

    ib. 840, 1. O appears in class. Lat. particularly in connection with qu and v: quom, avos. This interchange of o and u seems to have been effected rather by dialectical and local than by organic and historical causes; just as in the modern Italian dialects a preference is shown on the one hand for o and on the other for u, and in one and the same dialect the Latin o has passed over into u and the u into o. —On the commutation of o and e, see the letter E.—We have o for au in Clodius, plodo, plostrum, sodes, etc. (also in polulum for paululum, Cato, R. R. 10, 2).— O inserted in the archaic forms:

    Patricoles, Hercoles, v. Ritschl ap. Rhein. Mus. 8, p. 475 sq., and 9, p. 480. As an abbreviation, O. stands for omnis and optimus: I. O. M., Jovi Optimo Maximo: O. E. B. Q. C., ossa ejus bene quiescant condita,

    Inscr. Orell. 4489; cf.:

    O. I. B. Q., ossa illius bene quiescant,

    ib. 4483; 4490:

    O. N. F., omnium nomine faciundae,

    ib. 4415:

    O. T. B. Q., ossa tua bene quiescant: O. V., optimo viro,

    ib. 4135;

    also: optimi viri,

    ib. 5037.
    2.
    ō (long also before an initial vowel:

    o ego,

    Ov. M. 8, 51; Hor. A. P. 301;

    but also short: ŏ Alexi,

    Verg. E. 2, 65), interj. The commonest exclamation of joy, astonishment, [p. 1232] desire, grief, indignation, etc.; O! Oh! constr. usually with voc. or acc.; less freq. with nom., gen., utinam, si.
    1.
    With voc.: o Romule, Romule die, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 Vahl. (Ann. v. 115 Vahl.): o Tite, tute Tuti, id. ap. Prisc. p. 947 P. (Ann. v. 113 Vahl.); cf.: o Tite, si quid te adjuero, id. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 339 Vahl.):

    o mi Furni!

    Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2:

    o paterni generis oblite,

    id. Pis. 26, 62.—
    2.
    With acc.:

    o faciem pulchram... o infortunatum senem,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5 and 7:

    o miseras hominum mentes,

    Lucr. 2, 14:

    o me perditum, o me afflictum!

    Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3:

    o hominem nequam!

    id. Att. 4, 13, 2:

    o praeclarum custodem ovium, ut aiunt, lupum!

    id. Phil. 3, 11, 27:

    o rem totam odiosam,

    id. Att. 6, 4, 1:

    o Bruti amanter seriptas, litteras,

    id. ib. 15, 10.—
    3.
    With nom. (rare): o pietas animi, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 88 (Ann. v. 8 Vahl.): o Patricoles, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 14 Vahl.):

    o vir fortis atque amicus!

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 10:

    o ego ter felix,

    Ov. M. 8, 51; so,

    o ego,

    Hor. A. P. 301:

    o multum miseri,

    Ov. M. 4, 155:

    o qualis facies!

    Juv. 10, 157.—
    4.
    With utinam:

    o utinam Obrutus esset!

    Ov. H. 1, 5; id. M. 1, 363 al.—
    5.
    With si: quamquam, o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! yet oh! if, etc., Verg. A. 11, 415.—
    6.
    With gen.:

    o nuntii beati,

    Cat. 9, 5.—By poets also placed after a word:

    o lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrūm,

    Verg. A. 2, 281:

    quid o tua fulmina cessant!

    Ov. M. 2, 279.—Three times repeated: o pater, o genitor, o sanguen dis oriundum, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 (Ann. v. 117 Vahl.); cf.: o pater, o patria, o Priami domus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 118 Vahl.):

    o soror, o conjux, o femina sola superstes,

    Ov. M. 1, 351.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > O

  • 10 o

    1.
    O, o, the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, corresponding to the Gr. o and ô. The Latin language possessed both the sound and the sign from the earliest times; whereas the Etruscan language never possessed the o, and the Umbrian seems not to have received it as an alphabetical character till a later period. The oldest monuments of the Latin tongue frequently employ o where the classic language has u. So on the Column. Rostr. MACESTRATOS ( acc. plur.), EXFOCIONT, CONSOL, PRIMOS ( nom. sing.), CAPTOM; in the epitaphs of the Scipios, HONC OINO, COSENTIONT, DVONORO OPTVMO VIRO (bonorum optumum virum); in the S. C. de Bacch. IN OQVOLTOD al. And even in the later inscrr. and MSS., we sometimes find o for u:

    POPLICO, POPOLVM, TABOLEIS, in the Tab. Bantina: FACIONDAM DEDERONT,

    Inscr. Orell. 1585:

    MONDO, HOC TOMOLO,

    ib. 4858:

    fondus, fornacatibus, solitodo, etc., in good MSS. (v. Freund,

    Cic. Mil. p. 18). And, on the contrary, u for o in the old forms, fruns, funtes, for frons, fontes, v. h. vv.: RVBVSTIS for robustis, in the Cenot. Pisan.; v. Inscr. Orell. 642:

    NVMENCLATOR,

    Inscr. Grut. 630, 5:

    CONSVBRINVS,

    ib. 1107, 1:

    SACERDVS,

    ib. 34, 5:

    VNV LOCV,

    ib. 840, 1. O appears in class. Lat. particularly in connection with qu and v: quom, avos. This interchange of o and u seems to have been effected rather by dialectical and local than by organic and historical causes; just as in the modern Italian dialects a preference is shown on the one hand for o and on the other for u, and in one and the same dialect the Latin o has passed over into u and the u into o. —On the commutation of o and e, see the letter E.—We have o for au in Clodius, plodo, plostrum, sodes, etc. (also in polulum for paululum, Cato, R. R. 10, 2).— O inserted in the archaic forms:

    Patricoles, Hercoles, v. Ritschl ap. Rhein. Mus. 8, p. 475 sq., and 9, p. 480. As an abbreviation, O. stands for omnis and optimus: I. O. M., Jovi Optimo Maximo: O. E. B. Q. C., ossa ejus bene quiescant condita,

    Inscr. Orell. 4489; cf.:

    O. I. B. Q., ossa illius bene quiescant,

    ib. 4483; 4490:

    O. N. F., omnium nomine faciundae,

    ib. 4415:

    O. T. B. Q., ossa tua bene quiescant: O. V., optimo viro,

    ib. 4135;

    also: optimi viri,

    ib. 5037.
    2.
    ō (long also before an initial vowel:

    o ego,

    Ov. M. 8, 51; Hor. A. P. 301;

    but also short: ŏ Alexi,

    Verg. E. 2, 65), interj. The commonest exclamation of joy, astonishment, [p. 1232] desire, grief, indignation, etc.; O! Oh! constr. usually with voc. or acc.; less freq. with nom., gen., utinam, si.
    1.
    With voc.: o Romule, Romule die, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 Vahl. (Ann. v. 115 Vahl.): o Tite, tute Tuti, id. ap. Prisc. p. 947 P. (Ann. v. 113 Vahl.); cf.: o Tite, si quid te adjuero, id. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1 (Ann. v. 339 Vahl.):

    o mi Furni!

    Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2:

    o paterni generis oblite,

    id. Pis. 26, 62.—
    2.
    With acc.:

    o faciem pulchram... o infortunatum senem,

    Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5 and 7:

    o miseras hominum mentes,

    Lucr. 2, 14:

    o me perditum, o me afflictum!

    Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3:

    o hominem nequam!

    id. Att. 4, 13, 2:

    o praeclarum custodem ovium, ut aiunt, lupum!

    id. Phil. 3, 11, 27:

    o rem totam odiosam,

    id. Att. 6, 4, 1:

    o Bruti amanter seriptas, litteras,

    id. ib. 15, 10.—
    3.
    With nom. (rare): o pietas animi, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 27, 88 (Ann. v. 8 Vahl.): o Patricoles, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38 (Trag. v. 14 Vahl.):

    o vir fortis atque amicus!

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 10:

    o ego ter felix,

    Ov. M. 8, 51; so,

    o ego,

    Hor. A. P. 301:

    o multum miseri,

    Ov. M. 4, 155:

    o qualis facies!

    Juv. 10, 157.—
    4.
    With utinam:

    o utinam Obrutus esset!

    Ov. H. 1, 5; id. M. 1, 363 al.—
    5.
    With si: quamquam, o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! yet oh! if, etc., Verg. A. 11, 415.—
    6.
    With gen.:

    o nuntii beati,

    Cat. 9, 5.—By poets also placed after a word:

    o lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrūm,

    Verg. A. 2, 281:

    quid o tua fulmina cessant!

    Ov. M. 2, 279.—Three times repeated: o pater, o genitor, o sanguen dis oriundum, Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41 (Ann. v. 117 Vahl.); cf.: o pater, o patria, o Priami domus, id. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 118 Vahl.):

    o soror, o conjux, o femina sola superstes,

    Ov. M. 1, 351.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > o

  • 11 sermo

    sermo, ōnis, m. [2. sero, qs. serta, conserta oratio], a speaking or talking with any one; talk, conversation, discourse:

    sermo est a serie: sermo enim non potest in uno homine esse solo, sed ubi oratio cum altero conjuncta,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll. (very freq. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (syn. colloquium): quoniam magna vis orationis est eaque duplex, altera contentionis, altera sermonis: contentio disceptationibus tribuatur judiciorum, contionum, senatus: sermo in circulis, disputationibus, congressionibus familiarium versetur;

    sequatur etiam convivia, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:

    quod mihi servus sermonem serat,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 37:

    sermones serere,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 106:

    multa inter sese vario sermone serebant,

    Verg. A. 6, 160:

    sermonem nobiscum ibi copulat,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 42:

    dum sermones fabulandi conferant,

    id. ib. prol. 34:

    caput et pes sermonis,

    id. As. 3, 3, 139:

    cum ea tu sermonem nec joco nec serio Tibi habeas,

    id. Am. 3, 2, 25; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 1:

    ibi illa cum sermonem occipit,

    id. Eun. 4, 1, 8:

    dum sermones caedimus,

    id. Heaut. 2, 3, 1:

    sermonem cum aliquo conferre,

    Cic. Off. 1, 38, 136; id. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

    in nostris sermonibus collocutionibusque,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 4:

    mature veniunt, discumbitur: fit sermo inter eos,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

    dum longior consulto ab Ambiorige instituitur sermo,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 37:

    sermonis aditum cum aliquo habere,

    id. ib. 5, 41:

    nullum tibi omnino cum Albinovano sermonem ullā de re fuisse,

    Cic. Vatin. 1, 3; id. de Or. 2, 73, 296:

    erat in ore, in sermone omnium,

    id. Phil. 10, 7, 14; cf.: memini in eum sermonem illum incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore, id. Lael. 1, 2:

    aestivam sermone benigno tendere noctem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 11:

    referre sermones deorum,

    id. C. 3, 3, 71 (cf.:

    consiliantibus divis,

    id. ib. 3, 3, 18):

    et euntem multa loquendo Detinuit sermone diem,

    Ov. M. 1, 683:

    nunc inter eos tu sermo es,

    you are the talk, Prop. 2, 21 (3, 14), 7:

    jucundus est mihi sermo litterarum tuarum,

    the conversing with you by letter, Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 3; cf.:

    littera sermonis fida ministra mei,

    Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 2.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Literary conversation, discourse, disputation, discussion (cf. oratio): tum Furius: Quid vos agitis? num sermonem vestrum aliquem diremit noster interventus? Minime vero, Africanus;

    soles enim tu haec studiose investigare, quae sunt in hoc genere, de quo instituerat paulo ante Tubero quaerere,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17; cf. id. ib. 1, 13, 19:

    in sermonem ingredi (just before: in disputationem ingredi),

    id. ib. 1, 24, 38:

    (Scaevola) exposuit nobis sermonem Laelii de amicitiā habitum ab illo secum... Ejus disputationis sententias memoriae mandavi, etc.... ut tamquam a praesentibus haberi sermo videretur,

    id. Lael. 1, 3:

    rebus his, de quibus hic sermo est,

    id. Fin. 3, 12, 40:

    feci sermonem inter nos habitum in Cumano. Tibi dedi partes Antiochinas, etc.,

    id. Fam. 9, 8, 1:

    in quo (circulo) de philosophiā sermo haberetur,

    Nep. Epam. 3, 3:

    Socratici sermones,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 9; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 44; 2, 15, 26:

    in longum sermonem me vocas, Attice,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 13:

    nunc enim sermo de naturā est,

    our subject, Plin. 11, 19, 21, § 67; 3, 1, pr. § 2; 16, 32, 58, § 134; Macr. Somn. Scip. 2, 17, 15; Capitol. Gord. 3, 3 init. —
    b.
    Concr., a talk, speech, discourse (more informal and unpretending than oratio):

    meos multos et illustres et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 2; Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 2; Quint. 11, 2, 24.—
    2.
    Ordinary speech, speaking, talking, the language of conversation (opp. contentio):

    sermo est oratio remissa et finitima cottidianae locutioni,

    Auct. Her. 3, 13, 23; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 37, 132:

    mollis est oratio philosophorum et umbratilis, etc.... Itaque sermo potius quam oratio dicitur,

    id. Or. 19, 64: in argumentis Caecilius poscit palmam, in sermonibus Plautus, i. e. in dialogue, Varr. ap. Non. 374, 9:

    soluta oratio, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

    Quint. 9, 4, 19:

    C. Piso, statarius et sermonis plenus orator,

    Cic. Brut. 68, 239:

    si quis scribat, uti nos, Sermoni propiora,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 42:

    vocem sermoni proximam,

    Quint. 11, 3, 162:

    ut litigantes quoque a sermone incipiant, ad vociferationem transeant,

    Sen. Ep. 15, 6.—Of prose as opposed to poetry:

    comoedia... nisi quod pede certo Differt sermoni sermo merus,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 48:

    et tragicus plerumque dolet sermone pedestri Telephus et Peleus, etc.,

    id. A. P. 95.—
    b.
    Concr., of verses in a conversational style, a satire:

    ille (delectatur) Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 60:

    Albi, nostrorum sermonum candide judex,

    id. ib. 1, 4, 1:

    nec sermones ego mallem Repentes per humum quam res componere gestas,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 250.—
    3.
    With reference to some particular object, common talk respecting any thing, report, rumor (syn.:

    fama, rumor): vulgi sermo,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 11, 1:

    nunc per urbem solus sermo est omnibus, Eum, etc.,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 4:

    sermo est totā Asiā dissipatus, Cn. Pompeium, etc.,

    Cic. Fl. 6, 14:

    mihi venit in mentem multum fore sermonem, me, etc.,

    id. Att. 7, 23, 2:

    si istiusmodi sermones ad te delati de me sunt, non debuisti credere,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 5 sq.:

    in sermonem hominum venire,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 7, § 13:

    audita et percelebrata sermonibus res est,

    id. Cael. 29, 69; cf.:

    vix feram sermones hominum, si, etc.,

    id. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

    vestrae perigrinantur aures, neque in hoc pervagato civitatis sermone versantur,

    this talk of the town, id. Mil. 12, 33:

    refrigerato jam levissimo sermone hominum,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 1:

    sermones inimicorum effugere,

    id. Cael. 16, 38:

    sermones lacessere, reprimere,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 7: retudit sermones, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1:

    ne putet aliquid oratione meā sermonis in sese aut invidiae esse quaesitum,

    of slander, calumny, Cic. Fl. 5, 13:

    dabimus sermonem iis, qui, etc.,

    give them something to talk about, id. Fam. 9, 3; so,

    materiam sermonibus praebere,

    Tac. H. 4, 4: cataplus ille Puteolanus, sermo illius temporis, Cic. [p. 1680] Rab. Post. 14, 40 B. and K. dub.; v. Orell. N. cr. —
    II.
    Transf., a manner of speaking, mode of expression, language, style, diction, etc. (cf. lingua):

    sermone eo debemus uti, qui notus est nobis, ne, ut quidam Graeca verba inculcantes jure optimo rideamur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111:

    cujus (Terentii) fabellae propter elegantiam sermonis putabantur a C. Laelio scribi,

    id. Att. 7, 3, 10:

    et sane quid est aliud vetus sermo quam vetus loquendi consuetudo?

    Quint. 1, 6, 43; 12, 2, 3.—
    B.
    A language, the speech of a nation, etc.:

    cui (Catulo) non solum nos Latini sermonis, sed etiam Graeci ipsi solent suae linguae subtilitatem elegantiamque concedere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

    in Latino sermone,

    id. ib. 3, 11, 42:

    quae philosophi Graeco sermone tractavissent, ea Latinis litteris mandaremus,

    id. Fin. 1, 1, 1:

    patrii sermonis egestas,

    Lucr. 1, 832; 3, 260:

    cum lingua Catonis et Enni Sermonem patrium ditaverit,

    Hor. A. P. 57:

    aves, quae sermonem imitantur humanum... Agrippina turdum habuit imitantem sermones hominum... lusciniae Graeco atque Latino sermone dociles,

    Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 120.—
    C.
    Of a single expression:

    si quis ita legaverit: Fructus annuos, etc., perinde accipi debet hic sermo, ac si, etc.,

    Dig. 7, 1, 20; 11, 7, 2, § 1; 28, 5, 29.— Hence, of a single word (late Lat.): deos sermo Graecus est, Cassiod. in Psa. 21, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sermo

  • 12 T

    T, t. indecl. n. or (to agree with littera) f., the nineteenth letter of the Lat. alphabet ( i and j being counted as one), = Gr. T (tau). It is very freq. as a final letter, esp. in verbal endings of the third person.
    I.
    As an initial, it is, in pure Lat. words, followed by no consonant except r: traho, tremo, tribuo, etc.; the combinations tl and tm are found only in words borrowed from the Greek: Tlepolemus, tmesis, Tmolus. Hence an initial t occurring in the ancient language before l (like an initial d before v, v. letter D) is rejected in classical Lat.: lātus (Part. of fero) for tlatus, from root tol- of tollo, tuli; cf. with TLAÔ, tlêtos; even when softened by a sibilant, the combination of t and l in stlata (genus navigii), stlembus (gravis, tardus), stlis, stlocus, was avoided, and, except in the formal lang. of law, which retained stlitibus judicandis, the forms lis, locus remained the only ones in use, though the transitional form slis occurs twice in very old inscriptions. Before a vowel or r, the original Indo-European t always retained its place and character. Between two vowels t and tt were freq. confounded, and in some words the double letter became established, although the original form had but one t; thus, quattuor, cottidie, littera, stand in the best MSS. and inscriptions; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 174 sqq.—
    II.
    The sibilant pronunciation of a medial t before i and a following vowel, is a peculiarity of a late period. Isidorus (at the commencement of the seventh century after Christ) is the first who expresses himself definitely on this point: cum justitia sonum z litterae exprimat, tamen quia Latinum est, per t scribendum est, sicut militia, malitia, nequitia et cetera similia (Orig. 1, 26, 28); but the commutation of ci and ti, which occurs not unfrequently in older inscriptions, shows the origin of this change in pronunciation to have been earlier. In the golden age of the language, however, it was certainly [p. 1831] unknown.—
    III.
    The aspiration of t did not come into general use till the golden age; hence, CARTACINIENSIS, on the Columna Rostrata; whereas in Cicero we have Carthago, like Cethegus, etc.; v. Cic. Or. 48, 160; and cf. letter C.—
    IV.
    T is interchanged with d, c, and s; v. these letters.—
    V.
    T is assimilated to s in passus from patior, quassus from quatio, fassus from fateor, missus from mitto, equestris from eques (equit-), etc. It is wholly suppressed before s in usus, from utor; in many nominatives of the third declension ending in s: civitas (root civitat, gen. civitatis), quies (quiet, quietis), lis (lit, litis), dos (dot, dotis), salus (salut, salutis), amans (amant, amantis), mens (ment, mentis), etc.; and likewise in flexi, flexus, from flecto, and before other letters, in remus, cf. ratis; Gr. eretmos; in penna; root pat-, to fly; Gr. petomai, etc. In late Lat. the vulgar language often dropped t before r and before vowels; hence such forms as mari, quaraginta, donaus, are found for matri, quatriginta (quad-), donatus, in inscriptions; cf. the French mère, quarante, donné.—
    VI.
    As an abbreviation, T. stands for Titus; Ti. Tiberius; TR. Tribunus; T. F. Testamenti formula; T. F. C. Titulum faciendum curavit; T. P. Tribunicia potestas, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > T

  • 13 t

    T, t. indecl. n. or (to agree with littera) f., the nineteenth letter of the Lat. alphabet ( i and j being counted as one), = Gr. T (tau). It is very freq. as a final letter, esp. in verbal endings of the third person.
    I.
    As an initial, it is, in pure Lat. words, followed by no consonant except r: traho, tremo, tribuo, etc.; the combinations tl and tm are found only in words borrowed from the Greek: Tlepolemus, tmesis, Tmolus. Hence an initial t occurring in the ancient language before l (like an initial d before v, v. letter D) is rejected in classical Lat.: lātus (Part. of fero) for tlatus, from root tol- of tollo, tuli; cf. with TLAÔ, tlêtos; even when softened by a sibilant, the combination of t and l in stlata (genus navigii), stlembus (gravis, tardus), stlis, stlocus, was avoided, and, except in the formal lang. of law, which retained stlitibus judicandis, the forms lis, locus remained the only ones in use, though the transitional form slis occurs twice in very old inscriptions. Before a vowel or r, the original Indo-European t always retained its place and character. Between two vowels t and tt were freq. confounded, and in some words the double letter became established, although the original form had but one t; thus, quattuor, cottidie, littera, stand in the best MSS. and inscriptions; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 174 sqq.—
    II.
    The sibilant pronunciation of a medial t before i and a following vowel, is a peculiarity of a late period. Isidorus (at the commencement of the seventh century after Christ) is the first who expresses himself definitely on this point: cum justitia sonum z litterae exprimat, tamen quia Latinum est, per t scribendum est, sicut militia, malitia, nequitia et cetera similia (Orig. 1, 26, 28); but the commutation of ci and ti, which occurs not unfrequently in older inscriptions, shows the origin of this change in pronunciation to have been earlier. In the golden age of the language, however, it was certainly [p. 1831] unknown.—
    III.
    The aspiration of t did not come into general use till the golden age; hence, CARTACINIENSIS, on the Columna Rostrata; whereas in Cicero we have Carthago, like Cethegus, etc.; v. Cic. Or. 48, 160; and cf. letter C.—
    IV.
    T is interchanged with d, c, and s; v. these letters.—
    V.
    T is assimilated to s in passus from patior, quassus from quatio, fassus from fateor, missus from mitto, equestris from eques (equit-), etc. It is wholly suppressed before s in usus, from utor; in many nominatives of the third declension ending in s: civitas (root civitat, gen. civitatis), quies (quiet, quietis), lis (lit, litis), dos (dot, dotis), salus (salut, salutis), amans (amant, amantis), mens (ment, mentis), etc.; and likewise in flexi, flexus, from flecto, and before other letters, in remus, cf. ratis; Gr. eretmos; in penna; root pat-, to fly; Gr. petomai, etc. In late Lat. the vulgar language often dropped t before r and before vowels; hence such forms as mari, quaraginta, donaus, are found for matri, quatriginta (quad-), donatus, in inscriptions; cf. the French mère, quarante, donné.—
    VI.
    As an abbreviation, T. stands for Titus; Ti. Tiberius; TR. Tribunus; T. F. Testamenti formula; T. F. C. Titulum faciendum curavit; T. P. Tribunicia potestas, etc.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > t

  • 14 locuples

    lŏcŭplēs, ētis [locus + pleo] [st2]1 [-] riche en terres, opulent, fortuné, riche. [st2]2 [-] riche, qui rend riche, abondant. [st2]3 [-] digne de foi, digne de confiance, qui peut répondre, sûr, garant. [st2]4 [-] bien doué pour, propre à.    - gén. plur. -ium, -um.    - praedā locuples, Sall. J. 84: riche en butin.    - locuples frugibus annus, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 137: année abondante en moissons.    - mancipiis locuples, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 39: riche en esclaves.    - locuples pecuniae (gén.), App. M. 8: riche en argent.    - locupletem aquilam afferre, Juv. 14, 197: procurer le grade lucratif de centurion.    - locupletes (subst.): les riches.    - testis locuples: un témoin sûr, irrécusable.    - locuples reus, Liv.: débiteur solvable.    - locuples auctor, Cic.: auteur digne de foi.    - locuples tabellarius, messager sûr, à qui on peut se fier.    - locupletior hominum natura est ad beate vivendum, Cic.: l'homme a plus de ressources pour être heureux.
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    lŏcŭplēs, ētis [locus + pleo] [st2]1 [-] riche en terres, opulent, fortuné, riche. [st2]2 [-] riche, qui rend riche, abondant. [st2]3 [-] digne de foi, digne de confiance, qui peut répondre, sûr, garant. [st2]4 [-] bien doué pour, propre à.    - gén. plur. -ium, -um.    - praedā locuples, Sall. J. 84: riche en butin.    - locuples frugibus annus, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 137: année abondante en moissons.    - mancipiis locuples, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 39: riche en esclaves.    - locuples pecuniae (gén.), App. M. 8: riche en argent.    - locupletem aquilam afferre, Juv. 14, 197: procurer le grade lucratif de centurion.    - locupletes (subst.): les riches.    - testis locuples: un témoin sûr, irrécusable.    - locuples reus, Liv.: débiteur solvable.    - locuples auctor, Cic.: auteur digne de foi.    - locuples tabellarius, messager sûr, à qui on peut se fier.    - locupletior hominum natura est ad beate vivendum, Cic.: l'homme a plus de ressources pour être heureux.
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        Locuples, pen. corr. locupletis, pen. prod. Omnis generis secundum Priscianum: ablatiuo locuplete vel locupleti. Quintil. Un homme riche, qui est grand terrien, qui ha plusieurs terres et possessions.
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        Locuples oratio. Cicero. Riche et garnie de toutes les vertus qu'il y fault.
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        Locupletior Latina lingua, quam Graeca. Cic. Plus riche et plus abondante en language.
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        Locupletior igitur hominum natura ad beate viuendum est quam deorum: quod pluribus generibus fruitur voluptatum. Cic. Plus abondante et mieulx garnie de ce que, etc.
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        Locuples author. Cic. Seur et certain, Digne de foy, Veritable.
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        Locuples testis. Cic. Tesmoing veritable.
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        Locuples tabellarius. Cic. Seur et fidele, auquel on peult hardiment et sans danger donner lettres à porter.
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        Ad augendum facultatem dicendi parum locuples. Quintil. Dont un homme à le lire ne peult pas tirer grand prouffit pour enrichir son language.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > locuples

  • 15 verbosus

    verbōsus, a, um verbeux, prolixe.
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    verbōsus, a, um verbeux, prolixe.
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        Verbosus, pen. prod. Adiectiuum. Cicero. Qui ha beaucoup de language, Plein de parolles, Abondant en parolles, Grand parleur, Grand languagier.
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        Habes epistolam verbosiorem fortasse quam velles. Cic. En laquelle y a plus de language que, etc.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > verbosus

  • 16 verbum

    verbum, i, n. [st2]1 [-] mot, terme, expression, parole. [st2]2 [-] au plur. formule de serment. [st2]3 [-] injures, outrages (en paroles). [st2]4 [-] allégation, chose mise en avant. [st2]5 [-] mot, vain mot, apparence. [st2]6 [-] Quint. verbe (t. de gram). [st2]7 [-] Plaut. Ter. proverbe, adage, sentence. [st2]8 [-] Hier. le Verbe (traduction du grec Λόγος = le Christ).    - verba: la forme ([] fond, [res, sententia, summa).    - verbo, non re, Cic. Liv.: en parole, non en action.    - verbo... scripturā: de vive voix... par écrit.    - verbum nullum fecit, Plaut.: il n'a rien dit.    - verba publica: les mots de tout le monde.    - qui verbum numquam in publico fecerunt, Cic. Brut. 78: qui n'ont jamais parlé en public (qui n'ont jamais fait de discours).    - uno verbo: en un mot, bref, en somme, enfin.    - verba facere: parler.    - ad verbum, in verbum, verbum pro verbo: (traduire) mot pour mot, mot à mot.    - verbi causā (gratiā): par exemple.    - meis verbis, Cic.: en mon nom, de ma part.    - verbum voluptatis, Cic. Fin. 2: le mot "plaisir".    - uti verbo alicujus, Cic.: employer l'expression de qqn.    - verbis minoribus uti, Ov.: modérer son langage.    - pax, te tribus verbis volo, Plaut. Trin.: paix! je veux te dire seulement deux mots.    - liberi verbo, Cic.: libres de nom seulement.    - verba sunt! Ter.: ce ne sont que des sornettes!    - verba dare alicui: en faire accroire à qqn, payer qqn de mots, lui en conter.    - experior curis dare verba meis, Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 40: j'essaie de tromper mes ennuis.    - de quo ego verbum feci numquam, Cic.: je n'ai jamais parlé de lui.    - pactio verbis facta, Cic.: engagement verbal.    - vetus verbum hoc quidem est + prop. inf. Ter.: c'est un vieux dicton qui dit que....    - in principio erat Verbum et Verbum erat apud Deum et Deus erat Verbum, Hier.: au commencement était le Verbe et le Verbe était avec Dieu et le Verbe était Dieu.    - verbūm (= verborum) sat est, Plaut. Truc.: assez parlé!
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    verbum, i, n. [st2]1 [-] mot, terme, expression, parole. [st2]2 [-] au plur. formule de serment. [st2]3 [-] injures, outrages (en paroles). [st2]4 [-] allégation, chose mise en avant. [st2]5 [-] mot, vain mot, apparence. [st2]6 [-] Quint. verbe (t. de gram). [st2]7 [-] Plaut. Ter. proverbe, adage, sentence. [st2]8 [-] Hier. le Verbe (traduction du grec Λόγος = le Christ).    - verba: la forme ([] fond, [res, sententia, summa).    - verbo, non re, Cic. Liv.: en parole, non en action.    - verbo... scripturā: de vive voix... par écrit.    - verbum nullum fecit, Plaut.: il n'a rien dit.    - verba publica: les mots de tout le monde.    - qui verbum numquam in publico fecerunt, Cic. Brut. 78: qui n'ont jamais parlé en public (qui n'ont jamais fait de discours).    - uno verbo: en un mot, bref, en somme, enfin.    - verba facere: parler.    - ad verbum, in verbum, verbum pro verbo: (traduire) mot pour mot, mot à mot.    - verbi causā (gratiā): par exemple.    - meis verbis, Cic.: en mon nom, de ma part.    - verbum voluptatis, Cic. Fin. 2: le mot "plaisir".    - uti verbo alicujus, Cic.: employer l'expression de qqn.    - verbis minoribus uti, Ov.: modérer son langage.    - pax, te tribus verbis volo, Plaut. Trin.: paix! je veux te dire seulement deux mots.    - liberi verbo, Cic.: libres de nom seulement.    - verba sunt! Ter.: ce ne sont que des sornettes!    - verba dare alicui: en faire accroire à qqn, payer qqn de mots, lui en conter.    - experior curis dare verba meis, Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 40: j'essaie de tromper mes ennuis.    - de quo ego verbum feci numquam, Cic.: je n'ai jamais parlé de lui.    - pactio verbis facta, Cic.: engagement verbal.    - vetus verbum hoc quidem est + prop. inf. Ter.: c'est un vieux dicton qui dit que....    - in principio erat Verbum et Verbum erat apud Deum et Deus erat Verbum, Hier.: au commencement était le Verbe et le Verbe était avec Dieu et le Verbe était Dieu.    - verbūm (= verborum) sat est, Plaut. Truc.: assez parlé!
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        Verbum, verbi. Terent. Parolle, Mot, Verbe.
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        De exclusione verbum nullum. Terent. On n'en parle point, On n'en dit pas un mot.
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        Si verbo titubarint. Cic. S'ils ont failli à parler.
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        Verba istaec sunt. Terent. Ce ne sont que parolles.
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        Copia cassa verborum. Lucret. Grand language inutile.
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        Canina verba. Ouid. Injures, ou Detractions.
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        Indomita. Seneca. Parolles oultrageuses et injurieuses.
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        Minantia. Ouid. Menasses.
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        Ouantia. Sil. Parolles haultaines et glorieuses, ou superbes.
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        Suspensa semper et obscura verba. Tacit. Parolles à double visage, ou ambigues et ambagieuses.
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        Violenta. Ouid. Parolles audacieuses et oultrageuses.
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        Accommodare alicui verba. Quintil. Luy accommoder et bailler parolles à luy convenables.
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        Capta verbis puella. Ouid. Deceues par belles parolles.
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        Claudere verba pedibus. Horat. Composer des vers.
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        Claudere verba modis imparibus. Ouid. Composer vers elegiaques.
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        Cogere verba in pedes. Ouid. Composer des vers.
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        Tabellis verba committere. Ouid. Escrire en tablettes.
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        Compellare aliquem amicis verbis. Virgil. Parler à aucun amiablement.
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        Concipere verba. Ouid. Bastir une formule de parler.
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        Verbis grauibus confici ab aliquo et trucidari. Cic. Estre griefvement oultragé par aucun de grosses parolles et injurieuses.
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        Dare verba alicui. Ouid. Le tromper et abuser, Le paistre de parolles.
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        Dare verba ventis. Ouid. Parler en vain.
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        Dare verba in ventos. Ouid. Perdre ses parolles, Parler à un qui n'escoute point, Autant en emporte le vent.
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        Effingere verba alicuius. Quintil. Contrefaire, Imiter.
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        Exprimere verbum de, vel e verbo. Terent. Tourner d'un language en un autre de mot à mot.
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        Facere verba mortuo. Terentius. Perdre sa peine, Parler à un homme mort.
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        Fundere verba. Ouid. Parler copieusement.
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        Fundere verba. Cic. Parler sans cesse et sans propos, Perdre parolles, Ne faire que causer.
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        Ministrat verba vinum. Horat. Le vin fait parler des gents.
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        Modulanda verba fidibus. Horat. Vers ou chansons à jouer sur le luc.
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        Obuoluere vitium decoris verbis. Horatius. Cacher son vice par belles et honnestes parolles.
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        Parcite verbis male ominatis. Horat. Gardez vous de dire parolles, etc.
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        Perdere verba. Seneca. Parler en vain.
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        Posita verba in vsu quotidiano. Quintil. Mots communeement usitez.
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        Profundere verba ventis. Lucret. Parler en vain, Perdre ses parolles.
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        Totidem verbis recitare. Cic. De mot à mot.
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        Reddere verba. Ouid. Respondre.
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        Reddere verbum verbo. Horatius. Rendre et translater mot pour mot.
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        Verbum pro verbo reddere, Idem. Cic. Rendre mot pour mot.
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        Eisdem verbis, siue ad verbum reddere quod cogitauimus. Cic. En mesmes termes.
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        Repetere verba. Ouid. Repeter, Redire, Relire, Resumer, Dire de rechef.
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        Respondere verbum verbo. Terent. Respondre à chasque mot, et n'en laisser pas un.
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        Retentare intermissa verba. Ouid. Essayer de rechef à parler.
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        Retenta verba dolore. Ouid. Retenuz et arrestez.
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        Socianda verba chordis. Horat. Vers ou chansons à jouer sur les instruments de musique.
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        Trahere, verba. Sil. Parler à grande difficulté, Trainer sa parolle.
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        Verba de verbis trahere. Quintil. Faire entresuyvir un propos.
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        Transferre totidem verbis. Cicero. Rendre, ou translater mot pour mot.
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        Vincere verbis aliquid. Virgil. En venir au dessus, Descrire par bons vers une chose fort difficile.
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        Verbum. Terent. Un commun dict, Proverbe, Parolle qu'on dit communeement.
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        Vtinam istuc verbum ex animo ac vere diceres. Terent. Ceste parolle.
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        Quid istuc verbi est? Plaut. Que signifie ceste parolle?
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        Verbis meis salutem ei adscribito. Cic. Salue le en mon nom.
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        Atticae meis verbis suauium des. Cic. Baise la en mon nom.
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        Verbum sat est. Plaut. Il suffit d'un mot.
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        Verbi gratia, et Verbi causa, quod et Exempli gratia dicitur. Cic. En maniere de parler, Comme par maniere de parler, Pour exemple.
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        In verbo vestigia torsit. Virgil. A la derniere parolle, ou En disant le dernier mot il s'en alla.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > verbum

  • 17 verto

    verto (arch. vorto), ĕre, verti, versum - tr. - [st1]1 [-] tourner, faire tourner.    - ora huc et huc vertere, Hor. Epo. 4, 9: faire tourner les visages ici et là.    - manum non vertere, Cic. Fin. 5, 93: ne pas tourner la main = ne pas se donner de la peine.    - mét. pecuniam ad se vertere, Cic. Caecil. 57: faire tourner l'argent de son côté, le faire venir à soi, le détourner à son profit. [st1]2 [-] retourner.    - stilum in tabulis suis vertere, Cic. Verr. 2, 101: retourner son style [pour effacer] sur ses tablettes.    - ferro terram vertere, Virg. G. 1, 147: retourner la terre avec le fer.    - cf. Hor. S. 1, 1, 28.    - se vertere, Caes. BC. 3, 51, 2: se retourner, tourner le dos, prendre la fuite.    - terga vertere, Caes. BG. 1, 53, etc.: se retourner, tourner le dos, prendre la fuite.    - hostem in fugam vertere, Liv. 30, 33, 16: mettre l'ennemi en fuite.    - iter retro vertere, Liv. 28, 3, 1: rebrousser chemin. [st1]3 [-] passif à sens réfléchi se tourner; tourner.    - ad lapidem verti, Lucr. 5, 1199: se tourner vers une pierre.    - ad caedem verti, Liv. 1, 7, 2: se tourner vers le meurtre, en venir au meurtre.    - vertitur caelum, Virg. En. 2, 250: le ciel tourne.    - cf. Cic. Nat. 2, 97; Lucr. 5, 510.    - au fig. vertetur orbis, Cic. Rep. 2, 45: le cercle tournera = il y aura une révolution [politique]. [st1]4 [-] retourner, tourner sens dessus dessous, renverser.    - proceras fraxinos vertere, Hor. O. 3, 25, 16: renverser les frênes altiers.    - ab imo moenia Trojae vertere, Virg. En. 5, 810: renverser de fond en comble les murs de Troie.    - au fig. cuncta vertere, Tac. H. 1, 2: renverser, bouleverser tout.    - cf. Tac. An. 2, 42; 3, 36.    - aliquem vertere, Ov. M. 12, 139: terrasser qqn. [st1]5 [-] au fig. tourner dans tel, tel sens; donner telle ou telle direction.    - di bene vortant quod agas, Ter. Phorm. 552: que les dieux donnent une heureuse issue à ton entreprise.    - cf. Plaut. Aul. 175, etc.    - vertere aliquid in contumeliam alicujus, Caes. BC. 1, 8: faire tourner qqch à la honte de qqn.    - vertere aliquid in religionem, Liv. 5, 14, 2: faire de qqch une question religieuse.    - avec deux dat. alicui aliquid vitio vertere, Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1: faire à qqn une tare, un crime de qqch.    - quo se verteret, non habebat, Cic. Phil. 2, 73: il ne savait où se tourner = quel parti prendre.    - cf. Cic. Div. 2, 149.    - quo me vortam? Ter. Hec. 516: où me tourner?    - totus in Persea versus, Liv. 40, 5, 9: tout dévoué à Persée.    - summa curae in Bostarem versa erat, Liv. 26, 12, 10: la direction des affaires était retombée sur Bostar. [st1]6 [-] changer, convertir, transformer.    - in Amphitruonis vortit sese imaginem, Plaut. Amph. 121: il prend la figure d'Amphitryon.    - terra in aquam se vertit, Cic. Nat. 3, 31: la terre se change en eau.    - Auster in Africum se vertit, Caes. BC. 3, 26: l'Auster fait place à l'Africus.    - vides versa esse omnia, Cic. Amer. 61: tu vois que tout est retourné.    - solum vertere: émigrer.    - passif à sens réfl. in rabiem cepit verti jocus, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 149: la plaisanterie commença à se changer en rage.    - poét. formam vertitur oris, Virg. En. 9, 646: il se change le visage. [st1]7 [-] faire passer d'une langue dans une autre, traduire.    - Platonem vertere, Cic. Fin. 1, 7: traduire Platon.    - ex Graeco aliquid in Latinum sermonem vertere, Liv. 25, 39, 12: traduire qqch du grec en latin.    - vertere multa de Graecis, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26: traduire beaucoup du grec.    - ut e Graeco vertam, Cic. Ac. 1, 26: pour traduire le mot grec. [st1]8 [-] passif à sens réfléchi se dérouler.    - Brundisii omne certamen vertitur, Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1: toute la lutte se déroule à Brindes.    - cf. Liv. 30, 3, 1.    - in aliqua re verti: rouler sur un sujet.    - in jure causa vertebatur, Cic. Br. 145: la cause roulait sur un point de droit.    - cf. Cic. Verr. 5, 133. [st1]9 [-] dépendre de, reposer sur; attribuer à, faire remonter à.    - omnia in unius potestate vertentur, Cic. Verr. pr. 20: tout reposera sur le (dépendra du) pouvoir d'un seul.    - spes civitatis in dictatore vertitur, Liv. 4, 31, 4: tout l'espoir de la cité repose sur un dictateur.    - vertitur totum id in voluntate Philippi, Cic.: cela dépend totalement de Philippe.    - in eo vertitur puellae salus, si, Liv. 3, 46, 6: le salut de la jeune fille dépend de cette condition que....    - cf. Liv. 35, 18, 8 ; 41, 23, 5.    - impers. vertebatur utrum... an, *Liv. 39, 48, 3: on agitait la question de savoir si... ou si...    - vertitur res in meo foro, Plaut.: cela est de ma compétence.    - omnium secundorum adversorumque causas in deos vertere, Liv. 28, 11, 1: faire remonter aux dieux la cause de tous les événements, bons et mauvais. - intr. - [st1]1 [-] se tourner, se diriger.    - in fugam vertere, Liv. 38, 26, 8: se mettre à fuir, prendre la fuite.    - au fig. verterat pernicies in accusatorem, Tac. An. 11, 37: la perte se tournait contre l'accusateur, l'accusateur se perdait lui-même.    - alio vertunt, Tac. An. 1, 18: ils prennent un autre parti. [st1]2 [-] tourner, avoir telle ou telle suite.    - quae res bene vortat mihi, Plaut. Cap. 361: et puisse l'affaire bien tourner pour moi.    - cf. Plaut. Cap. 662.    - quod bene vertat, castra Albanos Romanis castris jungere jubet, Liv. 1, 28, 1: avec le souhait que (en souhaitant que) l'affaire ait une heureuse issue, il ordonne aux Albains de réunir leur camp à celui des Romains.    - cf. Liv. 3, 26, 9 ; 3, 35, 8,- 7, 39, 13, etc.    - detrimentum in bonum verteret, Caes. BC. 3, 73, 6: le mal deviendrait un bien.    - cf. Liv. 2, 3, 3 ; 26, 6, 16. [st1]3 [-] tourner, changer; se changer, se transformer.    - jam verterat fortuna, Liv. 5, 49, 5: déjà la fortune avait tourné.    - eo audacia provectum, ut verteret, Tac. An. 4, 10: venir à ce point d'audace de changer, de prendre le contrepied, d'intervertir les rôles.    - totae solidam in glaciem vertere lacunae, Virg. G. 3, 365: des lacs entiers se sont transformés en un bloc de glace. [st1]4 [-] part. prés. vertens: se déroulant [fig.]:    - anno vertente, Cic. Quinct. 40; Nat. 2,53; Nep. Ages. 4, 4: pendant que l'année se déroule, au cours de l'année [ou] d'une année.    - annus vertens, Cic. Rep. 6, 24: la grande année astronomique, la grande révolution du monde.
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    verto (arch. vorto), ĕre, verti, versum - tr. - [st1]1 [-] tourner, faire tourner.    - ora huc et huc vertere, Hor. Epo. 4, 9: faire tourner les visages ici et là.    - manum non vertere, Cic. Fin. 5, 93: ne pas tourner la main = ne pas se donner de la peine.    - mét. pecuniam ad se vertere, Cic. Caecil. 57: faire tourner l'argent de son côté, le faire venir à soi, le détourner à son profit. [st1]2 [-] retourner.    - stilum in tabulis suis vertere, Cic. Verr. 2, 101: retourner son style [pour effacer] sur ses tablettes.    - ferro terram vertere, Virg. G. 1, 147: retourner la terre avec le fer.    - cf. Hor. S. 1, 1, 28.    - se vertere, Caes. BC. 3, 51, 2: se retourner, tourner le dos, prendre la fuite.    - terga vertere, Caes. BG. 1, 53, etc.: se retourner, tourner le dos, prendre la fuite.    - hostem in fugam vertere, Liv. 30, 33, 16: mettre l'ennemi en fuite.    - iter retro vertere, Liv. 28, 3, 1: rebrousser chemin. [st1]3 [-] passif à sens réfléchi se tourner; tourner.    - ad lapidem verti, Lucr. 5, 1199: se tourner vers une pierre.    - ad caedem verti, Liv. 1, 7, 2: se tourner vers le meurtre, en venir au meurtre.    - vertitur caelum, Virg. En. 2, 250: le ciel tourne.    - cf. Cic. Nat. 2, 97; Lucr. 5, 510.    - au fig. vertetur orbis, Cic. Rep. 2, 45: le cercle tournera = il y aura une révolution [politique]. [st1]4 [-] retourner, tourner sens dessus dessous, renverser.    - proceras fraxinos vertere, Hor. O. 3, 25, 16: renverser les frênes altiers.    - ab imo moenia Trojae vertere, Virg. En. 5, 810: renverser de fond en comble les murs de Troie.    - au fig. cuncta vertere, Tac. H. 1, 2: renverser, bouleverser tout.    - cf. Tac. An. 2, 42; 3, 36.    - aliquem vertere, Ov. M. 12, 139: terrasser qqn. [st1]5 [-] au fig. tourner dans tel, tel sens; donner telle ou telle direction.    - di bene vortant quod agas, Ter. Phorm. 552: que les dieux donnent une heureuse issue à ton entreprise.    - cf. Plaut. Aul. 175, etc.    - vertere aliquid in contumeliam alicujus, Caes. BC. 1, 8: faire tourner qqch à la honte de qqn.    - vertere aliquid in religionem, Liv. 5, 14, 2: faire de qqch une question religieuse.    - avec deux dat. alicui aliquid vitio vertere, Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1: faire à qqn une tare, un crime de qqch.    - quo se verteret, non habebat, Cic. Phil. 2, 73: il ne savait où se tourner = quel parti prendre.    - cf. Cic. Div. 2, 149.    - quo me vortam? Ter. Hec. 516: où me tourner?    - totus in Persea versus, Liv. 40, 5, 9: tout dévoué à Persée.    - summa curae in Bostarem versa erat, Liv. 26, 12, 10: la direction des affaires était retombée sur Bostar. [st1]6 [-] changer, convertir, transformer.    - in Amphitruonis vortit sese imaginem, Plaut. Amph. 121: il prend la figure d'Amphitryon.    - terra in aquam se vertit, Cic. Nat. 3, 31: la terre se change en eau.    - Auster in Africum se vertit, Caes. BC. 3, 26: l'Auster fait place à l'Africus.    - vides versa esse omnia, Cic. Amer. 61: tu vois que tout est retourné.    - solum vertere: émigrer.    - passif à sens réfl. in rabiem cepit verti jocus, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 149: la plaisanterie commença à se changer en rage.    - poét. formam vertitur oris, Virg. En. 9, 646: il se change le visage. [st1]7 [-] faire passer d'une langue dans une autre, traduire.    - Platonem vertere, Cic. Fin. 1, 7: traduire Platon.    - ex Graeco aliquid in Latinum sermonem vertere, Liv. 25, 39, 12: traduire qqch du grec en latin.    - vertere multa de Graecis, Cic. Tusc. 2, 26: traduire beaucoup du grec.    - ut e Graeco vertam, Cic. Ac. 1, 26: pour traduire le mot grec. [st1]8 [-] passif à sens réfléchi se dérouler.    - Brundisii omne certamen vertitur, Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1: toute la lutte se déroule à Brindes.    - cf. Liv. 30, 3, 1.    - in aliqua re verti: rouler sur un sujet.    - in jure causa vertebatur, Cic. Br. 145: la cause roulait sur un point de droit.    - cf. Cic. Verr. 5, 133. [st1]9 [-] dépendre de, reposer sur; attribuer à, faire remonter à.    - omnia in unius potestate vertentur, Cic. Verr. pr. 20: tout reposera sur le (dépendra du) pouvoir d'un seul.    - spes civitatis in dictatore vertitur, Liv. 4, 31, 4: tout l'espoir de la cité repose sur un dictateur.    - vertitur totum id in voluntate Philippi, Cic.: cela dépend totalement de Philippe.    - in eo vertitur puellae salus, si, Liv. 3, 46, 6: le salut de la jeune fille dépend de cette condition que....    - cf. Liv. 35, 18, 8 ; 41, 23, 5.    - impers. vertebatur utrum... an, *Liv. 39, 48, 3: on agitait la question de savoir si... ou si...    - vertitur res in meo foro, Plaut.: cela est de ma compétence.    - omnium secundorum adversorumque causas in deos vertere, Liv. 28, 11, 1: faire remonter aux dieux la cause de tous les événements, bons et mauvais. - intr. - [st1]1 [-] se tourner, se diriger.    - in fugam vertere, Liv. 38, 26, 8: se mettre à fuir, prendre la fuite.    - au fig. verterat pernicies in accusatorem, Tac. An. 11, 37: la perte se tournait contre l'accusateur, l'accusateur se perdait lui-même.    - alio vertunt, Tac. An. 1, 18: ils prennent un autre parti. [st1]2 [-] tourner, avoir telle ou telle suite.    - quae res bene vortat mihi, Plaut. Cap. 361: et puisse l'affaire bien tourner pour moi.    - cf. Plaut. Cap. 662.    - quod bene vertat, castra Albanos Romanis castris jungere jubet, Liv. 1, 28, 1: avec le souhait que (en souhaitant que) l'affaire ait une heureuse issue, il ordonne aux Albains de réunir leur camp à celui des Romains.    - cf. Liv. 3, 26, 9 ; 3, 35, 8,- 7, 39, 13, etc.    - detrimentum in bonum verteret, Caes. BC. 3, 73, 6: le mal deviendrait un bien.    - cf. Liv. 2, 3, 3 ; 26, 6, 16. [st1]3 [-] tourner, changer; se changer, se transformer.    - jam verterat fortuna, Liv. 5, 49, 5: déjà la fortune avait tourné.    - eo audacia provectum, ut verteret, Tac. An. 4, 10: venir à ce point d'audace de changer, de prendre le contrepied, d'intervertir les rôles.    - totae solidam in glaciem vertere lacunae, Virg. G. 3, 365: des lacs entiers se sont transformés en un bloc de glace. [st1]4 [-] part. prés. vertens: se déroulant [fig.]:    - anno vertente, Cic. Quinct. 40; Nat. 2,53; Nep. Ages. 4, 4: pendant que l'année se déroule, au cours de l'année [ou] d'une année.    - annus vertens, Cic. Rep. 6, 24: la grande année astronomique, la grande révolution du monde.
    * * *
        Verto, vertis, verti, versum, vertere. Virgil. Tourner, Virer, Vertir.
    \
        Omnia vertere. Cic. Renverser tout et gaster.
    \
        In Africum se vertit Auster. Caesar. S'est tourné, ou changé, et mué en, etc.
    \
        Agrum vertere. Plin. Labourer, Bescher, Fouir.
    \
        Animam nequeo vertere. Plaut. Je ne puis avoir mon haleine.
    \
        Arces vertere. Virgil. Evertir, Ruiner, Ruer par terre.
    \
        Arma vertere aduersus Carthaginenses pro Romanis. Liu. Tourner.
    \
        Aures ad pacem vertere. Propert. Prester l'oreille, et entendre à faire paix.
    \
        Beneficium vertere in grauissimam iniuriam. Plin. iunior. Tourner et faire revenir un grand plaisir à un grand dommage.
    \
        Dulcia se in bilem vertunt. Horat. Se convertissent en, etc.
    \
        In bonum vertere. Quintil. Tourner à bien.
    \
        Caelum vertitur. Virgil. Le temps se change, L'air se trouble.
    \
        Causas secundorum et aduersorum vertere in deos. Liu. Tourner et rejecter sur Dieu.
    \
        In qua, causa vertitur. Quintil. Consiste, Gist.
    \
        Brundusii omne certamen vertitur. Cic. Le debat est à la ville de Brundis, qui premier entrera dedens.
    \
        In cinerem vertere. Ouid. Brusler et mettre en cendre.
    \
        In consuetudinem vertere. Tacit. Tourner à coustume.
    \
        In contumeliam suam vertere quod alius gesserit. Caesar. Prendre à injure, Interpreter le faict d'aucun estre faict par despit de soy.
    \
        Crateras vertere. Virgil. Haulser le cul à la tasse, Boire tout ce qui est dedens.
    \
        In crimen vertere quod gloriae esse debet. Liu. Blasmer aucun de ce dont il doibt estre loué.
    \
        Culpam vertere in gloriam. Plin. iunior. Tourner le blasme à honneur.
    \
        Culpam omnem belli a plubico consilio in Annibalem vertentes. Liu. Tournants et rejectants le blasme sur Annibal.
    \
        Dies vertitur. Propert. Le temps se change.
    \
        In epilogis vertitur discrimen, quo modo se dicenti, qui excitatur, accommodet. Quintil. Le grand danger gist en cela.
    \
        In discrimine verti dicuntur res. Liu. Quand elles sont en danger.
    \
        In dorsum vertere. Plin. Renverser sur le dos, le ventre en hault.
    \
        Elocutionem vertere. Plin. iunior. Changer de language.
    \
        In facies omnes se vertere. Virgil. Se desguiser en toutes facons.
    \
        In fugam vertere aliquem. Liu. Le mettre en fuite.
    \
        Glebas vertere vomere. Lucret. Labourer la terre.
    \
        Gradum vertere. Ouid. Fuir en arriere.
    \
        In inuidiam vertit se gloria. Liu. Commence à estre enviee.
    \
        In iocum aliquid vertere. Plin. Tourner à jeu, et s'en moquer.
    \
        Iras in aliquem vertere. Liu. Se courroucer contre aucun, Se prendre à aucun de quelque meffaict.
    \
        Iter retro vertere. Liu. Reculer.
    \
        In laudem vertere. Tacit. Estre tourné à louange.
    \
        In ludibrium vertere. Tacit. Commencer à estre moqué.
    \
        In lupos vertere homines. Plin. Muer, Transformer.
    \
        Ad luxuriam vertere vsum alicuius rei. Plin. Convertir, ou Tourner en abuz, En abuser au lieu d'en user.
    \
        Moenia vrbis ab imo vertere. Virgilius. Evertir et jecter par terre.
    \
        In se oculos omnium vertere. Liu. Attirer les yeuls de touts sur soy.
    \
        Orbes torui luminis ad aliquem vertere. Ouid. Regarder de travers et de mauvais oeil.
    \
        In perniciem vertere alicui rem aliquam. Plin. Luy tourner à dommage.
    \
        In vnius potestate ac moderatione vertuntur omnia. Cic. Tout est gouverné par un seul.
    \
        Praelium eo versum est. Liu. Toute la baterie tourna celle part.
    \
        In priuatum vertere pecuniam. Liu. Destourner en sa bourse, en faire son prouffit particulier.
    \
        Vertitur eadem quaestio in pluribus iudiciis. Paulus iuris. Est demenee, Debatue, et agitee.
    \
        Quo me vertam, nescio, vel non habeo. Cic. Je ne scay où me tourner, Je ne scay que je doy faire ne devenir, Je n'y entens rien.
    \
        Quoquo te verteris. Cic. De quel costé que tu te tournes, Quelque chose que tu scaches ne dire ne faire.
    \
        In religionem vertere. Liu. Faire scrupule.
    \
        In rem suam vertere. Vlpian. Tirer ou tourner à son prouffit particulier.
    \
        Vertere Rempub. in meliorem statum. Tranquil. Reformer.
    \
        In eo res vertitur. Liu. Tout l'affaire gist en cela, C'est le neud de la matiere.
    \
        Tribus in rebus fere vertitur omnis virtus. Ci. Consiste, Gist.
    \
        Res vertitur in periculo. Plaut. La chose est en danger.
    \
        Vertitur res in meo foro. Plaut. Le cas me touche.
    \
        Salus mea in eo vertitur. Liu. Gist ou consiste en cela.
    \
        Ad se vertere partem alicuius rei. Cic. Prendre et tirer à soy.
    \
        Vertere se in aliquem. Liu. Tourner son affection sur aucun, et luy favoriser, Encliner au parti d'aucun.
    \
        In seipsum vertitur. Cic. Il ne fait bien que à soymesme. B.
    \
        Segetem vertere. Plin. Labourer.
    \
        Sententiam vertere retro. Virgil. Changer d'opinion.
    \
        Sese in faciem alterius vertere. Plaut. Se desguiser en la forme d'un autre.
    \
        Spes ciuitatis in eo vertitur. Liu. Gist et consiste en cela.
    \
        Ad spem vel in spem vertere. Liu. Mettre en esperance.
    \
        Vertere stultitiae aliquid alicui. Plaut. Luy imputer à folie.
    \
        Stylum in tabulis vertere. Cic. Effacer ce qu'on a escript.
    \
        Non in supplicio crimen meum vertitur. Cic. Mon accusation ne gist pas pour avoir puni aucun.
    \
        Facinora atque flagitia sua ipsi quoque in supplicium verterant. Tacit. Luy estoyent tournez, etc.
    \
        Tempus hyemis vertitur, vel mutatur aestate. Columella. Se change en esté.
    \
        Terga vertere. Liu. Tourner le dos, S'enfuir.
    \
        Terra in aquam se vertit. Cic. Se mue, etc.
    \
        Terram vertere. Virgil. Fouir, Bescher, Labourer.
    \
        Terram bidentibus vertere. Columel. Labourer.
    \
        Vitio vertere. Horat. Imputer à vice.
    \
        Quis erit, vitio qui id non vertat tibi? Plaut. Qui ne te blasme de ce?
    \
        In voluntate Philippi id totum vertitur. Liu. Gist et consiste en la volunté de, etc.
    \
        Vertere fabulas, Platonem, Aristotelem. Cic. Tourner ou traduire d'un language en autre, comme de Grec en Latin.
    \
        Vertere, pro Verti, absolute. Liuius, Iam verterat fortuna, iam deorum opes, etc. Estoit desja tournee.
    \
        Si res forte melius vertisset. Gellius. Si la chose se fust mieulx portee.
    \
        Bene tibi vertat haec res. Plautus. Dieu vueille que la chose te tourne à bien.
    \
        Quae res tibi vertat male. Terent. Que meschoir t'en puist il, Que froide joye t'en envoye Dieu, Dieu t'en doint froide joye.
    \
        Deus bene vertat. Plaut. Dieu vueille tourner tout à bien.
    \
        Vertunt res male. Plaut. Viennent mal.
    \
        Male vertit res pecuaria mihi apud vos. Plaut. Je ne me suis point trouvé bon marchant d'avoir acheté du bestail.
    \
        In perniciem alicui vertere dicitur res aliqua. Liu. Quand elle luy porte dommage, ou luy tourne à dommage.
    \
        Vertere. Plaut. Emprunter argent à interest pour payer ses debtes.
    \
        Vertitur, Impersonale, pro Disceptatur. Liu. Vertebatur et vtrum manerent in Achaico consilio Lacedaemonii. On debatoit, On disputoit, On disceptoit, etc.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > verto

  • 18 māgniloquentia

        māgniloquentia ae, f    [magniloquus], elevated language, lofty style: hexametrorum: Homeri. — Pompous language, magniloquence, boasting: alcuius, L.: magno stat magniloquentia nobis, O.
    * * *
    exalted diction; braggadocio

    Latin-English dictionary > māgniloquentia

  • 19 verbum

        verbum ī, n    [cf. ρ)ῆμα; Eng. word], a word: pro his facit verba, speaks, Cs.: quod ego in senatu Graeco verba fecissem, had spoken: libenter verbo utor Catonis (i. e. origines): usitatius hoc verbum et tritius: si pudor, si modestia, si uno verbo temperantia, in a word: verba rebus impressit, i. e. names: contumelia verborum, abusive language, Cs.: verborum delectus, choice of language: multis verbis ultro citroque habitis, much talk on both sides: accusare verbis tribus, in three words: (dies) per quem tria verba silentur, i. e. the praetor's voice (in the official words do, dico, addico), O.—Prov.: verba flunt mortuo, i. e. that is idle talk, T.— Abl sing. adverb., briefly, in one word, by a word: postquam Caesar dicendi finem fecit, ceteri verbo alius alii varie adsentiebantur, S.: verbo de sententiā destitisti, at one word from me.—Orally, by speech: aut verbo adsentiebatur, aut pedibus in sententiam ibat, L.— Abl plur. with poss. pron., or gen, in the name of, in behalf of, for: si uxori tuae meis verbis eris gratulatus, for me: denuntiatum Fabio senatūs verbis, ne, etc., L.—In the phrase, uno verbo, in one word, in a word, briefly: Quin tu uno verbo dic, quid, etc., T.: praetores, praetorios, tribunos plebis... unoque verbo rem p., etc.—In phrases to express exact correspondence, verbum e verbo, precisely, exactly, literally: quae Graeci pa/thh appellant, ego poteram morbos, et id verbum esset e verbo.—Of a passage or work, translated or copied, ad verbum, verbum de verbo, verbum pro verbo, or verbum verbo, literally, word for word: fabellae Latinae ad verbum de Graecis expressae: verbum de verbo expressum extulit, T.: verbum pro verbo reddere: verbum verbo reddere, H.—In the phrase, verbi causā or verbi gratiā, for the sake of example, for example, for instance: si quis, verbi causā, oriente Caniculā natus est: quo die verbi causā esse oporteret Idūs.—A saying, expression, phrase, sentence: vetus verbum hoc quidemst, etc., an old saying, T.: quod verbum in pectus Iugurthae altius descendit, S.—Mere talk, mere words: dolor est malum, existimatio, dedecus, infamia verba atque ineptiae, empty words: verborum sonitus inanis.— Abl adv., verbally, in words, nominally: Ut beneficium verbis initum nunc re comprobes, T.: in quibus (civitatibus) verbo sunt liberi omnes, in name.—Hence, the phrase, verba dare, to give mere words, deceive, cheat: Quoi verba dare difficile est, T.: vel verba mihi dari facile patior in hoc: curis dare verba, i. e. to beguile, O.—In grammar, a verb.
    * * *
    word; proverb

    verba dare alicui -- cheat/deceive someone

    Latin-English dictionary > verbum

  • 20 magnufice

    I
    magnuficentius, magnuficentissie ADV
    splendidly, in fine/lordly manner/language; superbly; proudly/boastfully
    II
    magnuficentius, magnuficentissime ADV
    splendidly, in fine/lordly manner/language; superbly; proudly/boastfully

    Latin-English dictionary > magnufice

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