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121 respondeo
rē-spondĕo, di, sum, 2, v. a.I.Lit., to promise a thing in return for something else; to offer or present in return. So, only in a few examples, the phrase par pari (dat.) respondere, to return like for like: par pari respondes dicto, you return tit for tat with your tongue (syn. refero), Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 41; cf.: istuc serva; et verbum verbo par pari ut respondeas, Ter Phorm. 1, 4, 35; and:II.paria paribus respondimus,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 23.— Pass.: provide, si cui quid debetur, ut sit, unde par pari respondeatur, i. e. that there be wherewithal to meet the demand, Atticus ap. Cic. Att. 16, 7, 6; cf. also under II. A. 1, the lusus verbb. with spondeo; and II. B. init. —In a more general signification.A.To answer, reply, respond (either to a question, or to any statement or remark, and either in a friendly or hostile signif.); constr. aliquid alicui, ad, adversus, contra aliquem ( aliquid).1.In gen.a.Lit.: Th. Aliud te rogo. Tr. Aliud ergo nunc tibi respondeo, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 70; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 73.— Absol.:b.prius respondes, quam rogo,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 119:eā legatione Papirius auditā... respondit,
Liv. 9, 14, 2; 27, 40, 8; 33, 38, 7; Nep. Milt. 1, 4:ille appellatus respondit,
Caes. B. G. 5, 36; 5, 41; Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 62, § 138; id. Fam. 3, 6, 2; 5, 2, 8; 7, 24, 2;9, 14, 2. — So usu. of an oral answer: tibi non rescribam, sed respondeam,
Sen. Ep. 67, 2;but also of writing: epistulae,
Cic. Att. 9, 9, 1 et saep.; v. infra:ab his sermo oritur, respondet Laelius,
Cic. Lael. 1, 5; Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 28: olli respondit rex Albaï Longaï, Enn. ap. Fortun. p. 2691 P. (Ann. v. 34 Vahl.):cui orationi Caepionis ore respondit Aelius,
Cic. Brut. 46, 169:criminibus,
id. Planc. 2, 4:supremae tuae paginae,
id. Att. 6, 2, 1:cui opinioni,
Quint. 4, 4, 1:tam aequae postulationi,
id. 7, 1, 47 al.:summā constantiā ad ea, quae quaesita erant, respondebat,
Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; cf.:arbitrabar me satis respondisse ad id quod quaesierat Laelius,
id. Rep. 2, 39, 65:nec absurde adversus utrosque respondisse visus est,
Liv. 35, 50; 8, 32:adversus haec imperator respondit,
id. 30, 31; 33, 35 fin. — With acc. of neutr. pron.:illud respondere cogam,
to make answer to that, Cic. Cael. 28, 67; cf. id. Vatin. 7, 18; 17, 41:multa contra patronos venuste testis saepe respondet,
Quint. 5, 7, 31; 5, 7, 24; cf.:accipe, quid contra juvenis responderit,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 233.— With object-clause:respondent, bello se et suos tutari posse,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 59; id. Curc. 2, 3, 54; id. Mil. 2, 2, 23; id. Merc. 5, 2. 102 al. —Introducing a direct answer:cum dixisset, Quid agis, Grani? respondit, Immo vero tu, Druse, quid agis!
Cic. Planc. 14, 33; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Tusc. 5, 19, 56.— In impers. perf.:postquam mihi responsum est, abeo, etc.,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 57; cf. id. Mil. 4, 2, 93: quid nunc renunciem abs te responsum? Ter. Heaut. 4, 8, 18:sic existimet: Responsum non dictum esse, quia laesit prior,
id. Eun. prol. 6.— In plur.:multa ejus et in senatu et in foro vel provisa prudenter vel acta constanter vel responsa acute ferebantur,
Cic. Lael. 2, 6.— In the sup.:(haec) quam brevia responsu,
Cic. Clu. 59 fin. — In a lusus verbb. with spondeo: Er. Sponden' tu istud? He. Spondeo. Er. At ego, tuum tibi advenisse filium, respondeo, and in return I promise you, i. e. assure you, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 119; cf.:fideiussores, qui salvam rempublicam fore responderunt, etc.,
promised, gave assurance, Dig. 50, 1, 17 fin. —Trop., to answer, respond, reply to, re-echo, resound, etc.:2.saxa et solitudines voci respondent,
Cic. Arch. 8, 19;respondent flebile ripae,
Ov. M. 11, 53; and:respondentia tympana,
Stat. Achill. 2, 175: urbes coloniarum respondebunt Catilinae tumulis silvestribus, will give an answer to, i. e. will prove a match for, Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24.—In partic.a.Of lawyers, priests, oracles, etc., to give an opinion, advice, decision, response:b.quaeris, num juris consultus (sit)? quasi quisquam sit, qui sibi hunc falsum de jure respondisse dicat,
Cic. Planc. 25, 62; so,de jure,
id. Brut. 30, 113; cf.:de jure consulentibus respondere,
id. Mur. 4, 9;in a like signif., also simply jus,
id. Leg. 1, 4, 12:facultas respondendi juris,
id. ib. 2, 12, 29; id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Plin. Ep. 6, 15, 3 al.; cf.:civica jura,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 24; and:quae consuluntur, minimo periculo respondentur, etc.,
Cic. Mur. 13, 28; id. Brut. 89, 306. — Absol., Dig. 2, 14, 7; and so very freq. of the jurists in the Digests;v. responsum: pater Roscii ad haruspices retulit: qui responderunt, nihil illo puero clarius fore,
Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:cum ex prodigiis haruspices respondissent,
Sall. C. 47, 2; Liv. 27, 37; 31, 5; 5, 54; Vell. 2, 24, 3:responsum est,
Suet. Aug. 94, 97:deliberantibus Pythia respondit, ut moenibus ligneis se munirent,
gave advice, Nep. Them. 2, 6; cf. Just. 11, 11, § 11:possumus seniores amici quiete respondere,
to give advice, Tac. A. 14, 54 fin. —Of the answering of a person summoned when his name is called; hence, meton., to appear: citatus neque respondit neque excusatus est, Varr. ap. Gell. 11, 1, 4; cf.:(β).cives, qui ad nomina non respondissent,
Liv. 7, 4:quia Romae non respondebant,
id. 39, 18; Val. Max. 6, 3, 4; Suet. Tib. 38; id. Ner. 44; Hor. S. 1, 9, 36 (vadato, dat., i.e. ei qui eum vadatus erat; v. vador); Dig. 3, 3, 35; 41, 1, 14 et saep.—Esp., to appear before a tribunal, to answer an accusation, meet a charge, etc.:(γ).perfectus in exsilium Tubulus est nec respondere ausus,
Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 54:Verrem alterā actione responsurum non esse,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1:nemo Epaminondam responsurum putabat,
Nep. Epam. 8, 1.—Transf., in gen., to appear, be present:B.ipsi (sc. paeon et herous) se offerent et respondebunt non vocati,
Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191:verba (with res se ostendent),
Quint. 10, 3, 9:ut ii, qui debent, non respondeant ad tempus,
Cic. Att. 16, 2, 2; cf.:podagra ad tempus (with venit ad horam),
Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 1:sanguis per menstrua,
Cels. 4, 4, 5.—To answer to; to meet, agree, accord, or correspond with a thing; constr. usually with dat. or absol.:C.ut omnia omnibus paribus paria respondeant,
Cic. N. D. 1, 19, 50:ut horum auctoritatibus illorum orationi, qui dissentiunt, respondere posse videamur,
id. Imp. Pomp. 23, 68:ut verba verbis quasi demensa et paria respondeant,
id. Or. 12, 38; and:respondent extrema primis, media utrisque, omnia omnibus,
id. Fin. 5, 28, 83: (Aristoteles dicit) illam artem (sc. rhetoricam) quasi ex alterā parte respondere dialecticae, that it corresponds to, i. e. forms the counterpart of, id. Or. 32, 114:aedificare alteram porticum quae Palatio responderet,
id. Har. Resp. 23, 49; cf.of a locality: contra elata mari respondet Gnosia tellus,
i. e. lies opposite, Verg. A. 6, 23:Pachyni pulsata Ionio respondent saxa profundo,
Sil. 14, 73:est mihi magnae curae, ut ita erudiatur (Lucullus), ut et patri et Caepioni nostro et tibi tam propinquo respondeat,
Cic. Fin. 3, 2, 8: satis Graecorum [p. 1582] gloriae responderunt, id. Tusc. 1, 2, 3:tua virtus opinioni hominum,
id. Fam. 2, 5, 2; id. Lael. 16, 56:fortuna meis optatis,
id. Fam. 2, 1, 2; cf.:seges votis,
Verg. G. 1, 47:arma Caesaris non responsura lacertis,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 48:favor meritis,
id. ib. 2, 1, 9:ne prior officio quisquam respondeat,
id. S. 2, 6, 24:par fama labori,
id. ib. 2, 8, 66:fructus labori,
Ov. F. 4, 641:non mihi respondent veteres in carmine vires,
id. H. 15, 197 al.:familiam nemo speciosiorem producet, sed hominibus non respondet,
he does not pay his debts, Sen. Ep. 87, 6:amori amore respondere,
i. e. to return it, repay it, Cic. Fam. 15, 21, 4; cf.:Quinti fratris liberalitati subsidiis amicorum,
id. Att. 4, 3, 6:qui ex vico ortus est, eam patriam intellegitur habere, cui reipublicae vicus ille respondet,
to which it belongs, Dig. 50, 1, 30.—In mal. part.: mulieribus,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 17.—With ad:respondere ad parentum speciem,
resemble, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 9:deformentur directiones, ut longitudines ad regulam et lineam, altitudines ad perpendiculum, anguli ad normam respondentes exigantur,
Vitr. 7, 3; cf.:structuram ad perpendiculum respondere oportet,
Plin. 36, 22, 51, § 172:quia non tota ad animum responderat (villa),
Suet. Caes. 48:ad spem eventus respondit,
Liv. 28, 6.—With dat.:Papirio quoque brevi ad spem eventus respondit,
Liv. 9, 15.— With ex:quicquid non ex voluntate respondet, iram provocat,
Sen. Ep. 47, 19:speculum quocumque obvertimus oris, Res sibi respondent simili formā atque colore,
i. e. correspond, are reflected, Lucr. 4, 167.— Absol.:sidera respondent in aquā,
Lucr. 4, 213:quia raro verba belle respondeant,
Quint. 6, 3, 48: medicus aliquid oportet inveniat, quod non ubique fortasse, sed saepius tamen etiam respondeat, may answer, be suitable, Cels. praef.—To return, make a return, yield:1.frumenta quando cum quarto responderint (sc. colono),
have returned, yielded, Col. 3, 3, 4; cf. with abl. and dat.:humus cum est repetita cultu, magno fenore colono respondet,
id. 2, 1, 3:vitis, nisi praepingui solo, non respondet,
id. 3, 2, 11; cf.:metalla plenius responsura fodienti,
Sen. Ep. 23, 5.—Hence, rēspon-sum, i, n., an answer, reply, response (equally freq. in sing. and plur.).In gen.:2.suis postulatis responsa exspectare,
Caes. B. C. 1, 5 fin.:haec paucis diebus ex illius ad nostra responsa responsis intellegentur, quorsum evasura sint,
Cic. Att. 7, 17, 4:responsum senatūs,
Liv. 7, 31:sine responso legatos dimisit,
id. 9, 38:nullo ab nostris dato responso,
Caes. B. G. 5, 58:responsum dedisti tantis de rebus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 40; 2, 4, 39, § 85; so,dare responsum,
Liv. 5, 32, 8; Val. Max. 9, 5, ext. 3; Curt. 3, 12, 9; Liv. 3, 50, 12:reddere alicui,
Cic. Planc. 14, 34; cf.:triste redditum,
Liv. 9, 16:ferre (ab aliquo),
to receive, Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 19; Caes. B. G. 6, 4 fin.:referre (ab aliquo),
to deliver, Cic. Att. 7, 17, 2; Hirt. B. G. 8, 23; Liv. 37, 6:elicere,
Quint. 5, 7, 20:petere,
Hor. C. S. 55:responsum accipere,
Liv. 5, 36, 4; Just. 12, 2, 8:responsum non fuit in eis,
Vulg. Jer. 5, 13.—In partic. (acc. to II. A. 2.), an answer, reply of a lawyer, priest, oracle, etc.; an opinion, response, oracle:cum responsumque ab eo (Crasso) verum magis, quam ad suam rem accommodatum abstulisset, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 56, 239:res judicatae, decreta, responsa,
id. ib. 2, 27, 116; id. Mur. 13, 29.—The responsa prudentium, or authoritative opinions of leading lawyers, were an important source of the Roman law,
Just. Inst. 1, 2, 8 Sandars ad loc.:haruspicum responsa,
Cic. Cat. 3, 4, 9; cf. Quint. 5, 10, 30; Ov. M. 3, 340; 527:legatus a Delphis Romam rediit, responsumque ex scripto recitavit,
Liv. 23, 11; cf. id. 1, 56; Quint. 3, 7, 11; 5, 7, 35; Tac. H. 1, 10; 4, 65 al.; Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 65; Ter. And. 4, 2, 15; Verg. A. 7, 86 et saep.—In eccl. Lat.: responsum Dei, ab angelo, etc.,
Vulg. Mich. 3, 7; id. Luc. 2, 26; id. Act. 10, 22. -
122 atque or (only before consonants) ac
atque or (only before consonants) ac conj. [ad + que], and (like - que, it connects words or thoughts which form a whole, but unlike - que gives prominence rather to what follows, and is rarely repeated). I. Copulative. A. Connecting single words and expressions, and, as well as, together with: restituam ac reddam, T.: infamia atque indignitas rei, Cs.: honesta atque inhonesta, S.: parere atque imperare iuxta, L.: acies in speciem simul ac terrorem constiterat, Ta.—Poet. for et... et: Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater, V.—Very rarely after one or more words of its phrase: hederā Gaudere pullā atque myrto, H.—In the phrases: unus atque alter, one and another, one or two, S.: alius atque alius, one and another, successive: aliā atque aliā de causā, L.: etiam atque etiam, again and again, repeatedly: semel atque iterum: iterum atque iterum, V.: huc atque illuc, hither and thither: longe atque late, far and wide.—Adding an emphatic expression, and in fact, and that too, and even, and indeed, and in particular: iter in provinciam nostram atque Italiam, Cs.: dis inmortalibus gratia atque ipsi Iovi: hebeti ingenio atque nullo: res tanta atque tam atrox, S.: Py. cognoscitne? Ch. Ac memoriter, yes, and that too, etc., T.: uno atque eo perexiguo tempore, and that too: atque eo magis, and so much the more: atque id eo magis, and that the more, Cs.: duabus missis cohortibus, atque his primis, etc., Cs. — With adeo or etiam: consilium atque adeo amentia, and in fact: cupide accipiat atque etiam bene dicat, and even, T.: atque adeo etiam, and even, L. — B. Connecting closely related thoughts, and so, and even, and... too (usu. beginning the clause): atque eccum! and there he is too! T.: Africanus indigens mei? Minime... ac ne ego quidem illius, and I too am not: Punicā religione servata fides est, atque in vincula omnes coniecit, L.—After a word in its clause: funus atque imagines ducant, etc., H.— Adding an emphatic clause: exsules adlicere coepit: ac tantam sibi auctoritatem comparaverat, etc., Cs.: vos pro libertate non... nitemini? atque eo vehementius, quod, etc., S.—With a negative: si fidem habeat... ac non id metuat, ne, etc., and does not rather, T.: quasi nunc id agatur, quis... ac non hoc quaeratur: ut civem, ac non potius ut hostem.—Adding an adversative clause, and yet, and nevertheless: Quibus nunc sollicitor rebus!... atque ex me hic natus non est, T.: non dicere pro nobis possunt; atque haec a nobis petunt omnia: nihil praeterea est magno opere dicendum. ac tamen... pauca etiam nunc dicam. —In transitions, etc.: locum delegerunt. ac primo adventu, etc., Cs.: Atque ea diversa, dum geruntur, V.: Atque hic tantus vir, N.: nomen ei iugo Alpium inditum transgressum, L.— II. After words of comparison, as, than, than as: nihil aeque atque illam vim requirit: neque mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit: pariter ac si hostes adessent, S.: castra movere iuxta ac si hostes adessent, S.: proinde ac de hominum est vitā merita: cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus, N.: similiter atque ipse eram commotus: fit aliud atque existimaris: aliter causam agi atque iste existimaret: non secus ac si meus esset frater: simulacrum contra atque antea fuerat convertere: simul atque adsedisti: haud minus ac iussi faciunt, V.: Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus, H.Latin-English dictionary > atque or (only before consonants) ac
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123 aeger
aeger, gra, grum, adj. [Curtius proposes to connect it with ep-eigô, to press, drive; aigis, storm-wind; aiges, waves; and Sanscr. egāmi, to tremble; trembling, shaking, being a common symptom of illness], designates indisposition, as well of mind as of body (while aegrotus is generally used only of physical disease; class.; in Cic. far more frequent than aegrotus; Celsus uses only aeger, never aegrotus).I. (α).Of men:(β).homines aegri morbo gravi,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13:graviter aegrum fuisse,
id. Div. 1, 25; id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:infirma atque aegra valetudo,
id. Brut. 48 fin.:aegro corpore esse,
id. ad Quir. 1 fin.:ex vulnere,
id. Rep. 2, 21:vulneribus,
Nep. Milt. 7:pedibus,
Sall. C. 59, 4; so Liv. 42, 28; Tac. H. 3, 38;Wernsd. Poët. L. Min. 6, 197, 8: stomachus,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 43:anhelitus,
shortness of breath, Verg. A. 5, 432.—At a later period constr. with gen. or acc.:Psyche aegra corporis, animi saucia,
App. M. 4, 86, p. 310 Oud. (cf. id. ib. 5, 102, p. 360 Oud.: Psyche corporis et animi alioquin infirma; and Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:inops, aegra sanitatis, where, however, Bothe suspects aegra to be a gloss.): memini, me quondam pedes tunc graviter aegrum,
Gell. 19, 10.—Subst., a sick person, Cic. Div. 2, 3:ne aegri quidem omnes convalescunt,
id. N. D. 2, 4: aegro adhibere medicinam, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:vicinum funus aegros exanimat,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 126:ungebant oleo multos aegros,
Vulg. Marc. 6, 16; ib. Act. 5, 16. —Hence, ab aegris servus, an attendant on the sick, a nurse (cf. ab):D. M. SEXTORIO AVG. LIB. AB AEGRIS CVBICVLARIORVM,
Inscr. Orell. 2886.—Of brutes:(γ).sues aegri,
Verg. G. 3, 496; so Col. 6, 5, 1:avidos inlidit in aegrum Cornipedem cursus,
i. e. wounded, Stat. Th. 11, 517.—Of plants, diseased:II.seges aegra,
Verg. A. 3, 142:aegra arbor,
Pall. Febr. 25, 23:vitis,
id. Mart. 7, 4.—Fig.A.Of the mind, troubled, anxious, dejected, sad, sorrowful, etc., of any agitation of the passions or feelings, of love, hope, fear, anxiety, sorrow:(α).aeger animus,
Sall. J. 74:aegris animis legati superveniunt,
Liv. 2, 3, 5; cf.Drak. ad h. l.: scribendi cacoëthes aegro in corde senescit,
Juv. 7, 52: aegri mortales, i. e. miseri (deiloi brotoi, oizuroi, poluponoi), Verg. A. 2, 268; constr. with abl., gen., and ab.With abl.: Medea animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Cic. Cael. 8 (the later edd. animo aegro, as B. and K.):(β).animus aeger avaritiā,
Sall. J. 31:amore,
Liv. 30, 11:curis,
Verg. A. 1, 208 al. —With gen. of respect (cf. Drak. ad Liv. 30, 15, 9; Rudd. II. p. 73; and Roby, II. § 1321): aeger consilii, infirm in purpose, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arusian, p. 212 Lind., and Stat. Th. 9, 141:(γ).animi,
Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; Curt. 4, 3, 11.— Of cause:rerum temere motarum,
Flor. 3, 17, 9:morae,
Luc. 7, 240:delicti,
Sil. 13, 52:pericli,
id. 15, 135:timoris,
id. 3, 72.—With ab:B.A morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26.—Trop., of a diseased condition of the state, suffering, weak, feeble:a.maxime aegra et prope deposita rei publicae pars,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2:qui et semper aegri aliquid esse in re publica volunt,
Liv. 5, 3; Flor. 3, 23 al.— Of the eyes, evil, envious:recentem aliorum felicitatem aegris oculis introspicere,
Tac. H. 2, 20 (Halm here reads acribus). —Of abstr. things, sad, sorrowful, grievous, unfortunate (class., but for the most part poet.):numquam quidquam meo animo fuit aegrius,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 29 (where aegrius may be the adv.;v. aegre below): dolores aegri,
Lucr. 3, 905:luctus,
id. 3, 933:amor,
Verg. G. 4, 464:mors,
id. ib. 3, 512:spes,
i. e. faint, slight hope, Sil. 9, 543:fides,
wavering, id. 2, 392 al. —As subst.: aegrum, i, n.:plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,
more pain, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 11:sed cui nihil accidit aegri,
Lucr. 5, 171.— Adv.: aegrē.— Lit.Object.(α).Uncomfortably:(β).nescio quid meo animost aegre,
disturbs my mind, vexes, annoys me, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 35; so, aegre esse alicui, often in Plaut. and Ter. (like bene or male esse alicui); Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; id. Capt. 3, 5, 43; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 63 al.; cf.opp. volupe, volup: si illis aegrest, mihi quod volup est,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 152.— Absol.:aegre est,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 57.—Also:aegre facere alicui,
to vex, hurt, Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31; and:aegre audire aliquid ex aliquo,
any thing annoying, disagreeable, id. Hec. 5, 1, 39.—With difficulty or effort (opp. facile):(γ).omnis conglutinatio recens aegre, inveterata facile divellitur,
Cic. de Sen. 20, 72; cf.:inveteratio, ut in corporibus, aegrius depellitur quam perturbatio,
id. Tusc. 4, 37, 81; and:omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrime desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:nec magis versutus nec quo ab caveas aegrius,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 106:aegre rastris terram rimantur,
Verg. G. 3, 534 al.:non aegre persequi iter,
Col. 9, 8, 9; so,haud aegre,
Curt. 4, 3, 10; 10, 8, 22. —More freq.,= vix, Gr. mogis, hardly, scarcely:b.aegre nimis risum continui,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 36:aegre me tenui,
Cic. Att. 16, 11:aegre fero, v. fero: aegre abstinere quin, etc.,
Liv. 2, 45:aegre stantes,
Tac. Agr. 36 al. —Hence often vix aegreque in connection, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27; Flor. 2, 10; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 7; id. S. 1, 7; App. M. 1, p. 111.—Subject., with grief, regret, displeasure, or dislike, unwillingly, reluctantly: discessit, aegre ferens, distempered, vexed (opp. laetus), Cic. Div. 1, 33 fin.:aegre pati,
Liv. 1, 9 et saep.:aegre tolerare,
Tac. Agr. 13:si alibi plus perdiderim, minus aegre habeam, i. e. feram,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 16:aegre carere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13. — Comp.:quod aegrius patimur,
Liv. 7, 13: aegrius accipere, Tac. Ann. 4, 71.— Sup.:aegerrime ferre,
Sall. J. 87: aegerrime pati Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 105. -
124 aegrum
aeger, gra, grum, adj. [Curtius proposes to connect it with ep-eigô, to press, drive; aigis, storm-wind; aiges, waves; and Sanscr. egāmi, to tremble; trembling, shaking, being a common symptom of illness], designates indisposition, as well of mind as of body (while aegrotus is generally used only of physical disease; class.; in Cic. far more frequent than aegrotus; Celsus uses only aeger, never aegrotus).I. (α).Of men:(β).homines aegri morbo gravi,
Cic. Cat. 1, 13:graviter aegrum fuisse,
id. Div. 1, 25; id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:infirma atque aegra valetudo,
id. Brut. 48 fin.:aegro corpore esse,
id. ad Quir. 1 fin.:ex vulnere,
id. Rep. 2, 21:vulneribus,
Nep. Milt. 7:pedibus,
Sall. C. 59, 4; so Liv. 42, 28; Tac. H. 3, 38;Wernsd. Poët. L. Min. 6, 197, 8: stomachus,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 43:anhelitus,
shortness of breath, Verg. A. 5, 432.—At a later period constr. with gen. or acc.:Psyche aegra corporis, animi saucia,
App. M. 4, 86, p. 310 Oud. (cf. id. ib. 5, 102, p. 360 Oud.: Psyche corporis et animi alioquin infirma; and Liv. Andron. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P.:inops, aegra sanitatis, where, however, Bothe suspects aegra to be a gloss.): memini, me quondam pedes tunc graviter aegrum,
Gell. 19, 10.—Subst., a sick person, Cic. Div. 2, 3:ne aegri quidem omnes convalescunt,
id. N. D. 2, 4: aegro adhibere medicinam, id. de Or. 2, 44, 186:vicinum funus aegros exanimat,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 126:ungebant oleo multos aegros,
Vulg. Marc. 6, 16; ib. Act. 5, 16. —Hence, ab aegris servus, an attendant on the sick, a nurse (cf. ab):D. M. SEXTORIO AVG. LIB. AB AEGRIS CVBICVLARIORVM,
Inscr. Orell. 2886.—Of brutes:(γ).sues aegri,
Verg. G. 3, 496; so Col. 6, 5, 1:avidos inlidit in aegrum Cornipedem cursus,
i. e. wounded, Stat. Th. 11, 517.—Of plants, diseased:II.seges aegra,
Verg. A. 3, 142:aegra arbor,
Pall. Febr. 25, 23:vitis,
id. Mart. 7, 4.—Fig.A.Of the mind, troubled, anxious, dejected, sad, sorrowful, etc., of any agitation of the passions or feelings, of love, hope, fear, anxiety, sorrow:(α).aeger animus,
Sall. J. 74:aegris animis legati superveniunt,
Liv. 2, 3, 5; cf.Drak. ad h. l.: scribendi cacoëthes aegro in corde senescit,
Juv. 7, 52: aegri mortales, i. e. miseri (deiloi brotoi, oizuroi, poluponoi), Verg. A. 2, 268; constr. with abl., gen., and ab.With abl.: Medea animo aegra, amore saevo saucia, Enn. ap. Cic. Cael. 8 (the later edd. animo aegro, as B. and K.):(β).animus aeger avaritiā,
Sall. J. 31:amore,
Liv. 30, 11:curis,
Verg. A. 1, 208 al. —With gen. of respect (cf. Drak. ad Liv. 30, 15, 9; Rudd. II. p. 73; and Roby, II. § 1321): aeger consilii, infirm in purpose, Sall. Fragm. ap. Arusian, p. 212 Lind., and Stat. Th. 9, 141:(γ).animi,
Liv. 1, 58; 2, 36; Curt. 4, 3, 11.— Of cause:rerum temere motarum,
Flor. 3, 17, 9:morae,
Luc. 7, 240:delicti,
Sil. 13, 52:pericli,
id. 15, 135:timoris,
id. 3, 72.—With ab:B.A morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 26.—Trop., of a diseased condition of the state, suffering, weak, feeble:a.maxime aegra et prope deposita rei publicae pars,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 2:qui et semper aegri aliquid esse in re publica volunt,
Liv. 5, 3; Flor. 3, 23 al.— Of the eyes, evil, envious:recentem aliorum felicitatem aegris oculis introspicere,
Tac. H. 2, 20 (Halm here reads acribus). —Of abstr. things, sad, sorrowful, grievous, unfortunate (class., but for the most part poet.):numquam quidquam meo animo fuit aegrius,
Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 29 (where aegrius may be the adv.;v. aegre below): dolores aegri,
Lucr. 3, 905:luctus,
id. 3, 933:amor,
Verg. G. 4, 464:mors,
id. ib. 3, 512:spes,
i. e. faint, slight hope, Sil. 9, 543:fides,
wavering, id. 2, 392 al. —As subst.: aegrum, i, n.:plus aegri ex abitu viri quam ex adventu voluptatis cepi,
more pain, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 11:sed cui nihil accidit aegri,
Lucr. 5, 171.— Adv.: aegrē.— Lit.Object.(α).Uncomfortably:(β).nescio quid meo animost aegre,
disturbs my mind, vexes, annoys me, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 35; so, aegre esse alicui, often in Plaut. and Ter. (like bene or male esse alicui); Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; id. Capt. 3, 5, 43; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 63 al.; cf.opp. volupe, volup: si illis aegrest, mihi quod volup est,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 152.— Absol.:aegre est,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 57.—Also:aegre facere alicui,
to vex, hurt, Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 17; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 31; and:aegre audire aliquid ex aliquo,
any thing annoying, disagreeable, id. Hec. 5, 1, 39.—With difficulty or effort (opp. facile):(γ).omnis conglutinatio recens aegre, inveterata facile divellitur,
Cic. de Sen. 20, 72; cf.:inveteratio, ut in corporibus, aegrius depellitur quam perturbatio,
id. Tusc. 4, 37, 81; and:omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrime desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:nec magis versutus nec quo ab caveas aegrius,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 106:aegre rastris terram rimantur,
Verg. G. 3, 534 al.:non aegre persequi iter,
Col. 9, 8, 9; so,haud aegre,
Curt. 4, 3, 10; 10, 8, 22. —More freq.,= vix, Gr. mogis, hardly, scarcely:b.aegre nimis risum continui,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 36:aegre me tenui,
Cic. Att. 16, 11:aegre fero, v. fero: aegre abstinere quin, etc.,
Liv. 2, 45:aegre stantes,
Tac. Agr. 36 al. —Hence often vix aegreque in connection, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 27; Flor. 2, 10; Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 7; id. S. 1, 7; App. M. 1, p. 111.—Subject., with grief, regret, displeasure, or dislike, unwillingly, reluctantly: discessit, aegre ferens, distempered, vexed (opp. laetus), Cic. Div. 1, 33 fin.:aegre pati,
Liv. 1, 9 et saep.:aegre tolerare,
Tac. Agr. 13:si alibi plus perdiderim, minus aegre habeam, i. e. feram,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 16:aegre carere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13. — Comp.:quod aegrius patimur,
Liv. 7, 13: aegrius accipere, Tac. Ann. 4, 71.— Sup.:aegerrime ferre,
Sall. J. 87: aegerrime pati Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 105. -
125 aperio
ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.I.Lit.:II.patinas,
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:apertis lateribus,
Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:capite aperto esse,
Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:caput aperuit,
id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:capita,
Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:aperto pectore,
Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:apertae pectora matres,
id. ib. 13, 688:ramum,
Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,
id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,
Tac. Agr. 38:lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,
Liv. 3, 15:novam aciem dies aperuit,
Tac. H. 4, 29:his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,
opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,Metaph.A.1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:2.aperite aliquis ostium,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:forem aperi,
id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:fores,
id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:januas carceris,
Vulg. Act. 5, 19:fenestram,
ib. Gen. 8, 6:liquidas vias,
to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:sucum venis fundere apertis,
to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:saccum,
Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:os,
ib. ib. 22, 28:labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,
ib. Act. 9, 8:accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,
Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;6, 3: aperire librum,
Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:testamentum,
Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:testamentum resignare,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:sigillum aperire,
to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:ferro iter aperiundum est,
Sall. C. 58, 7:locum... asylum,
to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:subterraneos specus,
Tac. G. 16:navigantibus maria,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:arbor florem aperit,
id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,aures aperire,
to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—Trop.:B.nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,
Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:multus apertus cursus ad laudem,
id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,
id. Fam. 6, 11:philosophiae fontes,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,alicujus cor aperire,
ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:occasionem ad invadendum,
id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,
Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:annum,
Verg. G. 1, 217:contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),
Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:fuste aperire caput,
i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);C.most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,
Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:Syriam,
Tac. A. 2, 70:omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,
id. H. 4, 64:novas gentes,
id. Agr. 22:gentes ac reges,
id. G. 1:Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,
Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:Eoas,
id. 4, 352:pelagus,
Val. Fl. 1, 169.—Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:A.occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,
id. Or. 33, 116:alicui scripturas aperire,
Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:tua probra aperibo omnia,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;hi partem aperient,
Ter. Ad. prol. 23:non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:eo praesente conjurationem aperit,
Sall. C. 40, 6:naturam et mores,
id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:lux fugam hostium aperuit,
Liv. 27, 2:aperiri error poterat,
id. 26, 10:casus aperire futuros,
to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:futura aperit,
Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:studio aperimur in ipso,
Ov. A. A. 3, 371:exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,
Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,
Liv. 44, 28:domino navis, quis sit, aperit,
Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,
id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.Lit.1.Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):2.naves apertae,
without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:locus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:caelo invectus aperto,
Verg. A. 1, 155:aether,
id. ib. 1, 587:aperta serena prospicere,
id. G. 1, 393.—Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):B.Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,
since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:oculi,
id. 4, 339:oculorum lumine aperto,
id. 4, 1139 et saep.:nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:caelum patens atque apertum,
id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:vidit caelos apertos,
Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:apertus et propatulus locus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:iter,
Liv. 31, 2:apertior aditus ad moenia,
id. 9, 28:campi,
id. 38, 3:per apertum limitem (viae),
Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:fenestrae,
Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:ostia,
ib. ib. 13, 39:aequor,
Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:in aperto,
Lucr. 3, 604:per apertum fugientes,
Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:impetum ex aperto facerent,
Liv. 35, 5:castra in aperto posita,
id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:volantem in aperto,
Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:in aperta prodeunt,
id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,
Tac. A. 2, 23.—Trop.1.a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:b.nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,
nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1:simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,
id. Manil. 24:quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?
id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?
Liv. 41, 24:non furtim, sed vi aperta,
id. 25, 24:apertus animi motus,
Quint. 10, 3, 21:invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,
Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,(α).To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:(β).ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,
Sall. J. 5, 3.—To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):2.agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,
there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:hostes aggredi in aperto foret,
id. H. 3, 56:vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,
id. Agr. 33.—Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:I.animus apertus et simplex,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:pectus,
id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.In gen.:II.tam aperte irridens,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:cum Fidenae aperte descissent,
Liv. 1, 27:aperte quod venale habet ostendit,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:aperte revelari,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,
Tac. A. 11, 28:aperte adulari,
Cic. Am. 26, 99:aperte mentiri,
id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,
Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,
Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,
Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:hinc empta apertissime praetura,
Cic. Verr. 1, 100:equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,
id. Har. Resp. 30:largiri,
id. ib. 56:praedari,
id. Verr. 1, 130.—Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?
Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,
Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?
Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:narrare,
id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:scribere,
Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:Planius atque apertius dicam,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:distinguere,
Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:aliquid apertissime ostendere,
Quint. 5, 12, 11. -
126 aperte
ăpĕrĭo, ĕrŭi, ertum, 4, v. a. ( fut. aperibo, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50; Pompon. ap. Non. p. 506, 30) [ab-pario, to get from, take away from, i.e. to uncover, like the opp. operio, from obpario, to get for, to put upon, i. e. to cover; this is the old explanation, and is received by Corssen, Ausspr. I. p. 653; II. p. 410, and by Vanicek, p. 503], to uncover, make or lay bare.I.Lit.:II.patinas,
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 51: apertae surae, Turp. ap. Non. p. 236, 16:apertis lateribus,
Sisenn. ib. p. 236, 26:capite aperto esse,
Varr. ib. p. 236, 25;p. 236, 28: ut corporis partes quaedam aperiantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:caput aperuit,
id. Phil. 2, 31; Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 236, 20:capita,
Plin. 28, 6, 17, § 60:aperto pectore,
Ov. M. 2, 339; and poet. transf. to the person:apertae pectora matres,
id. ib. 13, 688:ramum,
Verg. A. 6, 406 al. — Trop., to make visible, to show, reveal, Liv. 22, 6:dispulsā nebulā diem aperuit,
id. 26, 17 (cf. just before:densa nebula campos circa intexit): dies faciem victoriae,
Tac. Agr. 38:lux aperuit bellum ducemque belli,
Liv. 3, 15:novam aciem dies aperuit,
Tac. H. 4, 29:his unda dehiscens Terram aperit,
opens to view, Verg. A. 1, 107.—From the intermediate idea of making visible,Metaph.A.1.. To unclose, open: aperto ex ostio Alti Acheruntis, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:2.aperite aliquis ostium,
Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 26; so id. Heaut. 2, 3, 35:forem aperi,
id. Ad. 2, 1, 13:fores,
id. Eun. 2, 2, 52; Ov. M. 10, 457; Suet. Aug. 82:januas carceris,
Vulg. Act. 5, 19:fenestram,
ib. Gen. 8, 6:liquidas vias,
to open the liquid way, Lucr. 1, 373; so Verg. A. 11, 884:sucum venis fundere apertis,
to pour out moisture from its open veins, Lucr. 5, 812:saccum,
Vulg. Gen. 42, 27:os,
ib. ib. 22, 28:labia, ib. Job, 11, 5: oculos,
ib. Act. 9, 8:accepi fasciculum, in quo erat epistula Piliae: abstuli, aperui, legi,
Cic. Att. 5, 11 fin.; so id. ib. 1, 13;6, 3: aperire librum,
Vulg. Apoc. 5, 5; 20, 12:testamentum,
Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 177 (cf.:testamentum resignare,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 9); Suet. Caes. 83; id. Aug. 17:sigillum aperire,
to break, Vulg. Apoc. 6, 3 al.:ferro iter aperiundum est,
Sall. C. 58, 7:locum... asylum,
to make it an asylum, Liv. 1, 8:subterraneos specus,
Tac. G. 16:navigantibus maria,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 122:arbor florem aperit,
id. 12, 11, 23, § 40 et saep.: aperire parietem, to open a wall, in order to put a door or window in it, Dig. 8, 2, 40: alicui oculos aperire, to give sight to (after the Heb.), Vulg. Joan. 9, 10; 9, 14 al.; so,aures aperire,
to restore hearing to, ib. Marc. 7, 35.—Trop.:B.nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,
Cic. Off. 2, 15, 54: amicitiae fores. id. Fam. 13, 10:multus apertus cursus ad laudem,
id. Phil. 14, 6 fin.:tibi virtus tua reditum ad tuos aperuit,
id. Fam. 6, 11:philosophiae fontes,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 31, 85 et saep.: alicujus oculos aperire, to open one's eyes, make him discern (after the Heb.), Vulg. Gen. 3, 5; 3, 7; ib. Act. 26, 18; so,alicujus cor aperire,
ib. ib. 16, 14: ventus [p. 136] incendio viam aperuit, Liv. 6, 2:occasionem ad invadendum,
id. 4, 53; so id. 9, 27: si hanc fenestram aperueritis (i.e. if you enter upon the way of complaint), nihil aliud agi sinetis, Suet. Tib. 28 (cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:Quantam fenestram ad nequitiem patefeceris!): quia aperuisset gentibus ostium fidei,
Vulg. Act. 14, 27; ib. Col. 4, 3.— So of the new year, to open it, i.e. begin:annum,
Verg. G. 1, 217:contigit ergo privatis aperire annum (since the consul entered upon his office the first of January),
Plin. Pan. 58, 4 Gierig and Schaef.—So also of a school, to establish, set up, begin, or open it:Dionysius tyrannus Corinthi dicitur ludum aperuisse,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18; so Suet. Gram. 16; id. Rhet. 4.— Poet.:fuste aperire caput,
i.e. to cleave, split the head, Juv. 9, 98.—Aperire locum (populum, gentes, etc.), to lay open a place, people, etc., i.e. to open an entrance to, render accessible (cf. patefacio);C.most freq. in the histt., esp. in Tacitus: qui aperuerint armis orbem terrarum,
Liv. 42, 52; 42, 4:Syriam,
Tac. A. 2, 70:omnes terras fortibus viris natura aperuit,
id. H. 4, 64:novas gentes,
id. Agr. 22:gentes ac reges,
id. G. 1:Britanniam tamdiu clausam aperit,
Mel. 3, 6, 4; Luc. 1, 465 Cort.:Eoas,
id. 4, 352:pelagus,
Val. Fl. 1, 169.—Transf. to mental objects, to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, to prove, demonstrate; or gen. to explain, recount, etc.:A.occulta quaedam et quasi involuta aperiri,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:explicanda est saepe verbis mens nostra de quāque re atque involutae rei notitia definiendo aperienda est,
id. Or. 33, 116:alicui scripturas aperire,
Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:tua probra aperibo omnia,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 50: ne exspectetis argumentum fabulae;hi partem aperient,
Ter. Ad. prol. 23:non quo aperiret sententiam suam, sed etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 84:eo praesente conjurationem aperit,
Sall. C. 40, 6:naturam et mores,
id. ib. 53 fin.; so id. ib. 45, 1; 47, 1; id. J. 33, 4:lux fugam hostium aperuit,
Liv. 27, 2:aperiri error poterat,
id. 26, 10:casus aperire futuros,
to disclose the future, Ov. M. 15, 559:futura aperit,
Tac. H. 2, 4.—So also, se aperire or aperiri, to reveal one's true disposition, character:tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,
show themselves in their true light, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:studio aperimur in ipso,
Ov. A. A. 3, 371:exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret,
Nep. Paus. 3, 7; Quint. prooem. § 3.—Sometimes constr. with acc. and inf., a rel.-clause, or de:cum jam directae in se prorae hostes appropinquare aperuissent,
Liv. 44, 28:domino navis, quis sit, aperit,
Nep. Them. 8, 6; so id. Eum. 13, 3: de clementiā, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31.—In a gen. sense (freq. in epistt.) in Cic. Att. 5, 1, 2: de Oppio factum est, ut volui, et maxime, quod DCCC. aperuisti, you promised, i.e. that it should be paid to him (= ostendisti te daturum, Manut.); cf.the more definite expression: de Oppio bene curāsti, quod ei DCCC. exposuisti,
id. ib. 5, 4, 3.—Hence, ăpertus, a, um, P. a.; pr., opened; hence, open, free.Lit.1.Without covering, open, uncovered (opp. tectus):2.naves apertae,
without deck, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 40; Liv. 31, 22 fin.; cf. id. 32, 21, 14: centum tectae naves et quinquaginta leviores apertae, et saep.; v. navis.—Also, without covering or defence, unprotected, exposed:locus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84.— Poet., of the sky, clear, cloudless:caelo invectus aperto,
Verg. A. 1, 155:aether,
id. ib. 1, 587:aperta serena prospicere,
id. G. 1, 393.—Unclosed, open, not shut (opp. clausus):B.Janua cum per se transpectum praebet apertum,
since this affords an open view through it, Lucr. 4, 272:oculi,
id. 4, 339:oculorum lumine aperto,
id. 4, 1139 et saep.:nihil tam clausum, neque tam reconditum, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum promptissimumque esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20:caelum patens atque apertum,
id. Div. 1, 1 (diff. from 1.); so Ov. M. 6, 693:vidit caelos apertos,
Vulg. Marc. 1, 10:apertus et propatulus locus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49:iter,
Liv. 31, 2:apertior aditus ad moenia,
id. 9, 28:campi,
id. 38, 3:per apertum limitem (viae),
Tac. H. 3, 21; Ov. M. 1, 285:fenestrae,
Vulg. Dan. 6, 10:ostia,
ib. ib. 13, 39:aequor,
Ov. M. 4, 527; so id. ib. 8, 165; 11, 555 et saep. — Poet., of a battle: nec aperti copia Martis Ulla fuit, an action in the open field, Ov. M. 13, 208.—Very freq. ăpertum, subst., that which is open, free; an open, clear space:in aperto,
Lucr. 3, 604:per apertum fugientes,
Hor. C, 3, 12, 10:impetum ex aperto facerent,
Liv. 35, 5:castra in aperto posita,
id. 1, 33; so id. 22, 4:volantem in aperto,
Plin. 10, 8, 9, § 22:in aperta prodeunt,
id. 8, 32, 50, § 117:disjecit naves in aperta Oceani,
Tac. A. 2, 23.—Trop.1.a.. Opp. to that which is concealed, covered, dark, open, clear, plain, evident, manifest, unobstructed:b.nam nihil aegrius est quam res secernere apertas ab dubiis,
nothing is, indeed, more difficult than to separate things that are evident from those that are doubtful, Lucr. 4, 467; so id. 4, 596; 1, 915; 5, 1062:cum illum ex occultis insidiis in apertum latrocinium conjecimus,
Cic. Cat. 2, 1:simultates partim obscurae, partim apertae,
id. Manil. 24:quid enim potest esse tam apertum tamque perspicuum?
id. N. D. 2, 2, 4:quid rem apertam suspectam facimus?
Liv. 41, 24:non furtim, sed vi aperta,
id. 25, 24:apertus animi motus,
Quint. 10, 3, 21:invidia in occulto, adulatio in aperto,
Tac. H. 4, 4 et saep.—So, in rhet., of clear, intelligible discourse:multo apertius ad intellegendum est, si, etc.... apertam enim narrationem tam esse oportet quam, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328; cf. id. Inv. 1, 20.—Hence,Esp. as subst.: in aperto esse,(α).To be clear, evident, well known, notorious, en tôi phanerôi einai:(β).ad cognoscendum omnia illustria magis magisque in aperto,
Sall. J. 5, 3.—To be easily practicable, easy, facile (the figure taken from an open field or space):2.agere memoratu digna pronum magisque in aperto erat,
there was a greater inclination and a more open way to, Tac. Agr. 1:hostes aggredi in aperto foret,
id. H. 3, 56:vota virtusque in aperto omniaque prona victoribus,
id. Agr. 33.—Of character, without dissimulation, open, frank, candid:I.animus apertus et simplex,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9; id. Off. 3, 13, 57:pectus,
id. Lael. 26, 97. —Hence, ironically: ut semper fuit apertissimus, as he has always been very open, frank (for impudent, shameless), Cic. Mur. 35.—Hence, ăpertē, adv., openly, clearly, plainly.In gen.:II.tam aperte irridens,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 62:ab illo aperte tecte quicquid est datum, libenter accepi,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 4; id. Or. 12, 38; id. Am. 18, 67:cum Fidenae aperte descissent,
Liv. 1, 27:aperte quod venale habet ostendit,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 83:aperte revelari,
Vulg. 1 Reg. 2, 27:non jam secretis colloquiis, sed aperte fremere,
Tac. A. 11, 28:aperte adulari,
Cic. Am. 26, 99:aperte mentiri,
id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:aperte pugnare, id. ap. Aquil. Rom. 10: aperte immundus est,
Vulg. Lev. 13, 26.— Comp.:cum ipsum dolorem hic tulit paulo apertius,
Cic. Planc. 34; id. Att. 16, 3, 5; Curt. 6, 1, 11:ab his proconsuli venenum inter epulas datum est apertius quam ut fallerent,
Tac. A. 13, 1.— Sup.:hinc empta apertissime praetura,
Cic. Verr. 1, 100:equite Romano per te apertissime interfecto,
id. Har. Resp. 30:largiri,
id. ib. 56:praedari,
id. Verr. 1, 130.—Esp. of what is set forth in words or writing, plainly, clearly, freely, without reserve:nempe ergo aperte vis quae restant me loqui?
Ter. And. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 4, 3, 49:aperte indicat (lex) posse rationem habere non praesentis,
Cic. ad Brut. 1, 5, 3:Non tu istuc mihi dictura aperte es, quicquid est?
Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 3:narrare,
id. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:scribere,
Cic. Fam. 5, 7, 3; Quint. 1, 5, 43.— Comp.:Planius atque apertius dicam,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 43:distinguere,
Quint. 3, 6, 45.— Sup.:istius injurias quam apertissime vobis planissimeque explicare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 64, 156:aliquid apertissime ostendere,
Quint. 5, 12, 11. -
127 castrum
castrum, i, n. [kindred with casa, q. v.].I.In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum):B.ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc.,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin. —Esp., nom. propr.1.Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—2.Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775;3.called Castrum,
Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—4.Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, [p. 299] Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—5.Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1;6.also called Truentum,
Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,II.In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. ( castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).A.Lit., several soldiers ' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata);b.later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation,
Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate;Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp,
Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—Phrases.(α).With adj.:(β).stativa,
occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21:aestiva,
summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1:hiberna,
Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.):navalia,
an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13;called also nautica,
Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals:una,
Tac. A. 4, 2:bina,
Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3:quina,
Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—With verb:c.locum castris antecapere,
Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.:capere locum castris,
Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15;and montes castris capere,
Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.:facere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.:ponere,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.:ponere et munire,
Sall. J. 75, 7:munire,
Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1:communire,
Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3:castra castris conferre,
id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9:castris se tenere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8:castra movere,
to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:movere retro,
Liv. 2, 58, 3:removere,
id. 9, 24, 4:proferre,
Caes. B. C. 1, 81:castris castra inferre,
Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —d.Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses. —B.Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.1.Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—2.Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—3.Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—4.Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—5.Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—6.Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—C.Meton.1.Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day ' s march:2.secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium,
Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.:alteris castris,
Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.—So tertiis castris,
Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71:quartis castris,
Liv. 44, 46, 10:quintis castris,
Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4:septimis castris,
id. 40, 22, 1:decimis castris,
id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39:3. 4.qui magnum in castris usum habebant,
Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—5.Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility:6.si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris,
Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—Of philosophical sects:Epicuri castra,
Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1:O castra praeclara (Epicuri)!
id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4. -
128 hacetenus
hac-tĕnus (a strengthened archaic form, hacĕtĕnus, acc. to Mar. Victor. p. 2457 P.—Separated per tmesin, Verg. A. 5, 603; 6, 62; Ov. M. 5, 642), adv. [hic- tenus; lit., as far as to this side; hence], to indicate a limit, so far, thus far (cf. hucusque).I.In space.A.Lit. (very rare), to this place, thus far:B.hactenus summus inaurato crater erat asper acantho,
Ov. M. 13, 700:hactenus dominum est illa secuta suum,
id. Tr. 1, 10, 22; id. Am. 2, 11, 16; cf.:hactenus in occidentem Germaniam novimus,
Tac. G. 35 init.:hac Trojana tenus fuerit fortuna secuta,
Verg. A. 6, 62.—Far more freq. and class. (esp. freq. in Cic.),Transf., to indicate the limit of a discourse or of an extract, thus far, to this point, no further than this:b.hactenus mihi videor de amicitia quid sentirem potuisse dicere,
Cic. Lael. 7, 24:hactenus admirabor corum tarditatem, qui, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:hactenus fuit, quod caute a me scribi posset,
id. Att. 11, 4, 2:externae arbores hactenus fere sunt,
Plin. 14, 1, 1, § 1; cf. id. 14, 3, 4, § 36:sed me hactenus cedentem nemo insequatur ultra,
Quint. 12, 10, 47:verum hactenus evagari satis fuerit,
id. 2, 4, 32;so after a quotation: hactenus Trogus,
Plin. 11, 52, 114, § 276:hactenus Varro,
id. 14, 14, 17, § 96.—In this sense usually ellipt., esp. as a formula of transition:II.sed, si placet, in hunc diem hactenus: reliqua differamus in crastinum,
thus far for to-day, Cic. Rep. 2, 44, 4 fin.: ergo [p. 837] haec quoque hactenus:redeo ad urbana,
id. Att. 5, 13, 2: sed haec hactenus: nunc, etc., so much for this (very freq.), id. Div. 2, 24, 53; id. Lael. 15, 55; id. Att. 13, 21, 4; Quint. 4, 2, 30 et saep.:haec hactenus,
Cic. Att. 16, 6, 2:sed de hoc loco plura in aliis: nunc hactenus,
id. Div. 2, 36, 76:hactenus haec,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 63:sed hactenus, praesertim, etc.,
Cic. Att. 5, 13, 1; so,sed hactenus,
id. ib. 9, 7, 3; 13, 9, 1; 14, 17, 2; Plin. 36, 6, 5, § 46:de litteris hactenus,
Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 1; 3, 7, 3; 16, 24, 1; id. Att. 6, 2, 1 al.:hactenus de soloecismo,
Quint. 1, 5, 54:hactenus ergo de studiis... proximus liber, etc.,
id. 1, 12, 19:hactenus de poëtis,
Lact. 1, 5, 15:hactenus de mundo,
Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 102; 15, 8, 8, § 34:hactenus, et pariter vitam cum sanguine fudit,
Ov. M. 2, 610:hactenus et gemuit,
id. ib. 10, 423:hactenus: ut vivo subiit,
id. F. 5, 661:hactenus Aeacides,
id. M. 12, 82; 14, 512.—In time, to indicate a limit, up to this time, thus far, so long, till now, hitherto, no longer than this ( poet. and post-Aug.):III.hactenus quietae utrimque stationes fuere: postquam, etc.,
Liv. 7, 26, 6:hactenus pro libertate, mox de finibus pugnatum est,
Flor. 1, 11, 5; Ov. M. 5, 250:hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri,
Verg. A. 5, 603; 11, 823:dispecta est et Thule, quam hactenus nix et hiems abdebat,
Tac. Agr. 10; id. A. 13, 47.—In extent.A.Absol., opp. to more, to this extent, so much, only so much, only (very rare, and not anteAug.):B.Burrum sciscitanti hactenus respondisse: ego me bene habeo,
Tac. A. 14, 51;so ellipt.,
Suet. Dom. 16.—Far more freq. and class.,Relat., like eatenus, to this extent that, so much as, so far as, as far as;corresp. with quatenus, quoad, quod, si, ut (so most freq.), ne: hactenus non vertit (in rem), quatenus domino debet: quod excedit, vertit,
Dig. 15, 3, 10, § 7:hactenus existimo nostram consolationem recte adhibitam esse, quoad certior ab homine amicissimo fieres iis de rebus, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:patrem familiae hactenus ago, quod aliquam partem praediorum percurro,
Plin. Ep. 9, 15, 3: meritoria officia sunt;hactenus utilia, si praeparant ingenium, non detinent,
Sen. Ep. 88.—With ut:haec artem quidem et praecepta duntaxat hactenus requirunt, ut certis dicendi luminibus ornentur,
Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 119; id. Div. 1, 8, 13; Hor. S. 1, 2, 123; Ov. H. 15, 156.—With ne:curandus autem hactenus, ne quid ad senatum, etc.,
Cic. Att. 5, 4, 2; Quint. 6, 2, 3; Tac. A. 14, 7; cf.:(eum) interficere constituit, hactenus consultans, veneno an ferro vel qua alia vi,
id. ib. 14, 3 init.
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