mātrimōnium

păciscor, pactus, 3, v. dep. n. and a. ( act. collat. form, v. supra) [1. paco], to make a bargain, contract, or agreement with any one; to covenant, agree, stipulate, bargain, contract respecting any thing (cf.: transigo, stipulor, pango).

Lit.

In gen.

Neutr.:

pacisci cum illo paululā pecuniā potes,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 24; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 36; Ov. M. 4, 702:

paciscitur magnā mercede cum Celtiberorum principibus, ut, etc.,

Liv. 25, 33; cf.:

pacti sunt inter se, ut die statutā,

Just. 1, 10, 4; 16, 4, 7; 38, 3, 5; cf. esp. id. 3, 6, 10:

votis pacisci, Ne Cypriae Tyriaeque merces Addant avaro divitias mari (= votis transigere cum dis),

Hor. C. 3, 29, 59:

de mercedibus,

Suet. Gram. 7.—

Act.:

quae pacisci modo scis, set quod pacta's, non scis solvere,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 89:

argentum,

id. ib. arg. 1, 9:

quam (provinciam) sibi pactus erat,

Cic. Sest. 25, 55:

rem,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

pecuniam cum aliquo, Auct. B. Alex. 55: omnibus proscriptis, reditum salutemque pactus est,

Vell. 2, 77, 2:

ab aliquo vitam,

Sall. J. 26, 1; so,

pactus in singulos (homines) minas decem a tyranno,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 99:

cum Xerxe nuptias filiae,

Just. 2, 15, 14.—With object-clause:

Leucippo fieri pactus uterque gener,

Ov. F. 5, 702:

dimitti (eum) pactus, si, etc.,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 18.—In part. fut. pass.:

ut firma fierent paciscenda,

Amm. 31, 12, 13.—

In partic., of a marriage-contract, to betroth a woman (syn.:

despondeo, spondeo): ex quā pactus esset vir domo, in matrimonium duceret,

Liv. 4, 4, 10:

Etutam pacto fratri eum invidisse,

id. 44, 30, 4.—

Trop., to barter, hazard, stake ( poet.):

vitam pro laude,

Verg. A. 5, 230:

letum pro laude,

id. ib. 12, 49:

aevum pro luce,

Stat. Th. 1, 317.

princĭpālis, e, adj. [princeps].

In gen., first, original, primitive (class.):

causae,

Cic. Fat. 5, 9:

est igitur tropus sermo a naturali et principali significatione translatus ad aliam,

Quint. 9, 1, 4:

verba,

Gell. 11, 15, 5.—

In partic.

In rank, first in rank, station, or esteem, chief, principal:

viri,

App. Flor. p. 363, 38.—Of things abstr. and concr.:

pici principales in auguriis,

Plin. 10, 18, 20, § 41:

principalia in Arabiā tus, et myrrha,

id. 12, 13, 30, § 51:

principalia aquatilium,

id. 31, 6, 38, § 72:

causarum aliae sunt perfectae et principales, aliae adjuvantes et proximae,

Cic. Fat. 18, 41:

quaestio,

Quint. 4, 4, 1:

post haec duo principalia subjungebat illa non minus intuenda,

after these two principal points, Col. 1, 3, 3:

principali studio (i. e. praecipuo),

Gell. 13, 10, 1:

principalia verba,

primitive, id. 11, 15, 5:

de culturā agri praecipere, principale fuit et apud exteros,

a principal thing, Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22:

principalis obligatio, res (opp. accessio),

Gai. Inst. 3, 126.— Comp.:

principalior,

Tert. Anim. 43: principaliora quaeque, id. cont. Marc. 4, 36.—As subst.: princĭpālis, is, m.

The foremost, overseer, superintendent:

officiorum, i. e. of attendants,

Cod. Just. 9, 51, 1.—

The chief magistrate of a municipality, Symm. Ep. 9, 1; Dig. 48, 19, 27; Isid. Orig. 9, 4:

principalis aut decurio,

Cod. Just. 10, 31, 33; 10, 34, 2, § 1.—

An inferior officer, Dig. 49, 16, 13.—

Of or belonging to a prince or ruler, princely, imperial, the emperor's (post-Aug.):

principalis quies,

Vell. 2, 56, 3:

fastigium,

id. 1, 11, 6:

opera,

id. 2, 124, 3:

curae,

Plin. Pan. 79:

copiae,

id. ib. 82:

apparatus arrogantiae principalis,

id. ib. 76:

beneficia,

id. ib. 36:

matrimonium,

Tac. H. 1, 22:

commentarii,

id. ib. 4, 40:

fortuna,

id. ib. 2, 81:

scortum,

id. ib. 1, 13:

majestas,

Suet. Claud. 17:

res,

id. Calig. 39:

bonum,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22: vox, Just. Inst. prooem. 3.—

Of or belonging to the principes, i. e. to the second line in the order of battle (post-class.), Cod. Th. 12, 1, 151; Veg. Mil. 2, 15, 1.—

Of or belonging to the principium in a camp: principalis castrorum porta nominatur, quod in eo loco est, in quo principes ordines tendunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 224 Müll.:

manipulos legionum principali viā inducit,

Liv. 10, 33:

porta principalis dextra,

id. 4, 19; cf. id. 40, 27. — Adv.: princĭpālĭter.

In gen., chiefly, principally (post-class.):

plurimae bestiae, sed principaliter leones,

Sol. 27:

negotium gerere,

Dig. 3, 2, 4.—

In partic., like a prince, imperially (post-Aug.):

gaudere,

Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 36:

mores juventutis quam principaliter formas!

Plin. Pan. 47:

institutae leges,

Arn. 1, 2, 2: non principaliter, incidentally, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 5.

prŏcus, i, v. procer init.

prŏcus, i ( gen. plur. procūm, Cic. Or. 46, 156), m.

A wooer, suitor: proci dicuntur, qui poscunt aliquam in matrimonium, Graece mnêstêres. Est enim procare poscere, etc., Fest. p. 249 Müll.:

me natam nulli veterum sociare procorum Fas erat,

Verg. A. 12, 27:

Penelope difficilis procis,

Hor. C. 3, 10, 11:

apotheca procis intacta est,

id. S. 2, 5, 7; 78; Ov. M. 4, 794; 9, 10; 14, 670:

proci loripedes, said of slow people,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 1, 7.—

Trop., of canvassers, a suitor:

impudentes proci,

Cic. Brut. 96, 330.

rĕ-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3 ( fut. apoc. recipie, for recipiam, Cato ap. Fest. p. 138 and 236 Müll.; v. dico init.:

recepso, for recepero,

Cat. 44, 19), v. a. [capio].

To take back, get back, bring back; to retake, regain, recover.

Lit. (very freq. and class.):

dandis recipiendisque meritis,

Cic. Lael. 8, 26:

tu me sequere ad trapezitam... recipe actutum,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49 (just before, ni argentum refers); cf.:

centum talenta et credidisse eos constat, et non recepisse,

Quint. 5, 10, 111; and (opp. mutuum dare) Mart. 3, 40, 4:

si velit suos recipere, obsides sibi remittat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8 fin.:

obsides,

Suet. Aug. 21:

reges,

Liv. 2, 15:

recepto amico,

Hor. C. 2, 7, 27; 4, 2, 47. — Freq. of places, etc., once captured and lost, to retake:

cum Tarento amisso... aliquot post annos Maximus id oppidum recepisset... nunquam ego (Tarentum) recepissem, nisi tu perdidisses,

Cic. de Or. 2, 67, 273; cf. id. Sen. 4, 11:

Lavinium,

Liv. 2, 39;

so of other things: recipere suas res amissas,

Liv. 3, 63:

praeda omnis recepta est,

id. 3, 3:

signa, quae ademerant Parthi,

Suet. Tib. 9:

arma,

Liv. 9, 11; Curt. 4, 12, 17: pectore in adverso totum cui comminus ensem Condidit assurgenti, et multā morte recepit, drew out again, = retraxit, Verg. A. 9, 348; so,

sagittam ab alterā parte,

Cels. 7, 5, 2: suos omnes incolumes receperunt (sc. ex oppido in castra), drew off, withdrew, = reduxerunt, Caes. B. G. 7, 12 fin.; so,

milites defessos,

id. B. C. 1, 45 fin.:

exercitum,

Liv. 10, 42:

equitatum navibus ad se intra munitiones,

Caes. B. C. 3, 58:

illum ego... medio ex hoste recepi,

bore away, rescued, Verg. A. 6, 111.—

With se, to draw back, withdraw from or to any place, to betake one ' s self anywhere; in milit. lang., to retire, retreat:

se ex eo loco,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 8, 10; cf.:

se e fano,

id. Poen. 4, 1, 5:

se ex opere,

id. Men. 5, 3, 7:

se ex hisce locis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 21:

se e Siciliā,

id. Brut. 92, 318:

se ex fugā,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 102:

se inde,

id. B. G. 5, 15:

se hinc,

id. B. C. 1, 45 et saep.:

recipe te,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 8:

se,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 45 (just before, reverti); Caes. B. C. 3, 45 (coupled with loco excedere); 3, 46; cf.:

sui recipiendi facultas,

id. B. G. 3, 4 fin.; 6, 37;

for which: se recipiendi spatium,

Liv. 10, 28:

recipe te ad erum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 20:

se ad dominum,

id. ib. 4, 3, 1:

se ad nos,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 2:

se ad suos,

Caes. B. G. 1, 46; 7, 82; id. B. C. 3, 38; 3, 50; 3, 52 fin.:

se ad Caesarem (Allobroges, legati),

id. B. G. 1, 11; 4, 38:

se ad agmen,

id. ib. 7, 13; id. B. C. 3, 75 fin.:

se penitus ad extremos fines,

id. B. G. 6, 10:

se ad legionem,

id. ib. 7, 50 fin.:

se ad oppidum llerdam,

id. B. C. 1, 45:

se ad ordines suos,

id. ib. 2, 41:

se ad signa,

id. B. G. 5, 34 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 43 fin.:

se a pabulo ad stabulum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 33:

inde se in currus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin.:

se ex castris in oppidum,

id. B. C. 2, 35:

se in castra,

id. B. G. 2. 11 fin.; 2, 24; 3, 6; 3, 26 fin.;

4, 15 et saep.: se in fines,

id. ib. 4, 16:

se in Galliam,

id. ib. 4, 19 fin.:

se in montem,

id. ib. 1, 25: se in antiquas munitiones, id. B. C. 3, 54 fin.:

se in silvas ad suos,

id. B. G. 2, 19:

se in castra ad urbem,

id. B. C. 2, 25; 2, 26; cf.:

se retro in castra,

Liv. 23, 36;

and with this cf.: sese retro in Bruttios,

id. 23, 37;

and so, se, with rursus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 25; id. Pers. 4, 5, 6; id. Rud. 4, 6, 19; Caes. B. G. 5, 34 fin.; id. B. C. 2, 41 et saep.:

se in novissimos,

Liv. 7, 40:

se intra munitiones,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; cf.:

se intra montes,

id. B. C. 1, 65:

se per declive,

id. ib. 3, 51:

se sub murum,

id. ib. 2, 14:

se trans Rhenum,

id. B. G. 6, 41:

se Larissam versus,

id. B. C. 3, 97:

se domum ex hostibus,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 52:

se domum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 31; id. Capt. 1, 2, 25; id. Aul. 2, 1, 55:

se Adrumetum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 23:

se Hispalim,

id. ib. 2, 20:

se Dyrrhachium ad Pompeium,

id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:

se illuc,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 10; id. Merc. 5, 2, 40; id. Ps. 3, 1, 23 al.; cf.:

se huc esum ad praesepim suam,

id. Curc. 2, 1, 13:

se eo,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25 et saep. — In the same meaning, without se: neque sepulcrum, quo recipiat, habeat portum corporis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 415 Vahl.); cf.

of a military retreat: si quo erat longius prodeundum aut celerius recipiendum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48 fin.; so without se after the verbum finitum several times in Plaut.:

rursum in portum recipimus,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 60:

dum recipis,

id. Rud. 3, 6, 42:

actutum face recipias,

id. Merc. 2, 4, 30. —

Transf.

In business lang., to keep back, retain, reserve (cf. Gell. 17, 6, 6):

posticulum hoc recepit, quom aedis vendidit,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 157; so in a sale, Crassus ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 226; Cic. Top. 26, 100; Dig. 19, 1, 53; 8, 4, 10: mulier magnam dotem dat et magnam pecuniam recipit, Cato ap. Gell. 17, 6, 8. — With object-clause, Cato, R. R. 149, 2. — With dat.:

aqua, itinere, actu domini usioni recipitur,

Cato, R. R. 149, 2.—

To restore (late Lat.):

urbem munitissimam,

to fortify anew, Amm. 16, 3, 2. —

Trop., to get back, bring back; to receive again, regain, recover:

ut antiquam frequentiam recipere vastam ac desertam bellis urbem paterentur,

Liv. 24, 3:

jus,

Quint. 5, 10, 118:

et totidem, quot dixit, verba recepit,

got back, Ov. M. 3, 384:

quam (vitam) postquam recepi,

received again, id. ib. 15, 535: anhelitum, to recover one ' s breath, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 21; id. Merc. 3, 4, 16; cf.

spiritum,

Quint. 11, 3, 55:

animam,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 26; Quint. 6, prooem. §

13: a tanto pavore recipere animos,

Liv. 21, 5, 16 Weissenb.:

a pavore animum,

id. 2, 50, 10:

e pavore recepto animo,

id. 44, 10, 1;

for which: animos ex pavore,

id. 21, 5 fin.:

recepto animo,

Curt. 6, 9, 2; 9, 5, 29:

animum vultumque,

Ov. F. 4, 615:

mente receptā,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 104:

(vocem) ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipere,

to bring it back, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251. —

In zeugma (cf. I. A. supra): arma et animos,

Curt. 4, 12, 17.—

With se.

To betake one ' s self, withdraw, retire from or to any place:

ad ingenium vetus versutum te recipis tuum,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 7:

ad frugem bonam,

Cic. Cael. 12, 28:

ad reliquam cogitationem belli,

Caes. B. C. 3, 17 fin.:

se a voluptatibus in otium,

Plin. Pan. 82, 8:

se in principem,

to resume his princely air, id. ib. 76, 5.— More freq.,

To recover, to collect one ' s self:

difficulter se recipiunt,

regain strength, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 17:

quae cum intuerer stupens, ut me recepi, Quis hic, inquam, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18:

nullum spatium respirandi recipiendique se dedit,

Liv. 10, 28:

se ex terrore ac fugā,

Caes. B. G. 2, 12:

se ex timore,

id. ib. 4, 34:

se ex fugā,

id. ib. 4, 27:

nondum totā me mente recepi,

Ov. M. 5, 275.

(Acc. to re, I. b.) To take to one ' s self, admit, accept, receive; constr. with the simple acc., with ad, or in and acc., in and abl., with simple abl., with a local acc.

Lit.

With simple acc.:

quos homines quondam Laurentis terra recepit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p 762 P. (Ann. v. 35 Vahl.): (ego) excludor, ille recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 79:

aliquem,

Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48:

hic nulla munitio est, quae perterritos recipiat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 39; cf.:

hos tutissimus portus recipiebat,

id. B. C. 3, 27; 1, 15; cf. id. ib. 3, 11 fin.;

3, 35: eum Jugurtha accuratissime recepit,

Sall. J. 16, 3:

neque quisquam aut expulsus invidiosius aut receptus est laetius,

Vell. 2, 45, 3; Quint. 7, 1, 14; 9, 2, 89:

nisi nos vicina Trivici Villa recepisset,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 80 [p. 1533] et saep.:

quisnam istic fluvius est, quem non recipiat mare?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 86; cf. Caes. B. G. 4, 10; and:

(Peneus) accipit amnem Orcon nec recipit,

i. e. does not take it to itself, does not mingle with it, Plin. 4, 8, 15, § 31:

equus frenum recepit,

received, submitted to, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 36:

necesse erat, ab latere aperto tela recipi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35. —

With ad:

recipe me ad te,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 9; id. Am. 3, 2, 11; id. Rud. 2, 3, 20; id. Ps. 3, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 6; Suet. Caes. 63:

aliquem ad epulas,

Cic. Top. 5, 25; cf.:

ad lusum,

Suet. Ner. 11. —

With in and acc.:

recipe me in tectum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 16:

concubinam in aedes,

id. Mil. 4, 3, 3:

nos in custodiam tuam,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 34:

Tarquinium in civitatem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20, 35; id. Balb. 13, 31; Liv. 2, 5; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 6:

aliquem in ordinem senatorium,

Cic. Phil. 7, 5, 15:

aliquem in fidem,

id. Fam. 13, 19, 2; id. Att. 15, 14, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 15; 4, 22:

aliquem in civitatem,

Cic. Balb. 12, 29:

aliquem in caelum,

id. N. D. 3, 15, 39:

aliquem in deditionem,

Caes. B. G. 3, 21 fin.; Liv. 8, 13; Suet. Calig. 14 al.:

aliquem in jus dicionemque,

Liv. 21, 61:

aliquem in amicitiam,

Sall. J. 14, 5; 5, 4 Kritz N. cr.:

aliquam in matrimonium,

Suet. Caes. 50; Just. 9, 5, 9 et saep. —

With in and abl. (rare and in purely local relations; v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 5, 4):

aliquem in loco,

Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 3:

loricati in equis recipiuntur, Auct. B. Hisp. 4, 2: sidera in caelo recepta,

Ov. M. 2, 529 (but in Liv. 24, 32, 6, the correct read. is tuto Hexapylo, without in; v. Weissenb. ad h. l.). —

With simple abl. (mostly in purely local relations):

ut tuo recipias tecto servesque nos,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 5, 18; so,

aliquem tecto,

Caes. B. G. 7, 66 fin.:

exercitum tectis ac sedibus suis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 90:

aliquem suis urbibus,

id. Fl. 25, 61:

aliquem civitate,

id. Balb. 14, 32:

aliquem finibus suis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 6; 7, 20 fin.:

aliquem oppido ac portu,

id. B. C. 3, 12; 3, 102 fin.:

aliquem moenibus,

Sall. J. 28, 2:

Romulus caelo receptus,

Quint. 3, 7, 5:

receptus Terra Neptunus,

Hor. A. P. 63 et saep. —

With local acc.:

me Acheruntem recipere Orcus noluit,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 68:

aliquem domum suam,

Cic. Arch. 3, 5; cf.:

aliquem domum ad se hospitio,

Caes. B. C. 2, 20.—

Absol.:

plerosque hi, qui receperant, celant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76.—

Transf.

In business lang., to take in, receive as the proceeds of any thing:

dena milia sestertia ex melle,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11:

pecuniam ex novis vectigalibus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 23, 62:

pecunia, quae recipi potest,

id. ib. 2, 18, 47. —

In gladiator's lang.: recipe ferrum, receive your death-blow, the cry of the people to a vanquished gladiator whom they were not inclined to spare, Cic. Sest. 37, 80; id. Tusc. 2, 17, 41 Kühn.; Sen. Tranq. 11, 1;

for which: totum telum corpore,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 33; and:

ense recepto,

Luc. 2, 194 Corte.—

Milit. t. t., to seize, capture, take possession of, occupy: mittit in Siciliam Curionem pro praetore cum legionibus duo;

eundem, cum Siciliam recepisset, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 30:

Praeneste non vi, sed per deditionem receptum est,

Liv. 6, 29:

Aegyptum sine certamine,

Just. 11, 11, 1:

eo oppido recepto,

Caes. B. G. 7, 13 fin.:

civitatem,

id. ib. 6, 8; 7, 90; id. B. C. 1, 12; 1, 16; 1, 30;

3, 16: Aetoliam,

id. ib. 3, 55:

rempublicam armis,

Sall. C. 11, 4:

Alciden terra recepta vocat,

the subjugated earth, Prop. 5, 9, 38. —

In the later medical lang., of medicines, to receive, i. e. be compounded of various ingredients:

antidotos recipit haec: stoechados, marrubii, etc.,

Scrib. Comp. 106; so id. ib. 27; 28; 37; 52 al. (hence the mod. Lat. receptum, receipt, and recipe).—

Trop.

To take to or upon one ' s self, to assume; to receive, accept, admit, allow, endechomai:

non edepol istaec tua dicta nunc in aures recipio,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 34; cf. Quint. 11, 1, 91:

jusjurandum,

id. 5, 6, 1; 3; cf. id. 7, 1, 24: in semet ipsum religionem recipere, to draw upon one ' s self, Liv. 10, 40:

quae legibus cauta sunt, quae persuasione in mores recepta sunt,

admitted, Quint. 5, 10, 13; cf. id. 10, 7, 15:

antiquitas recepit fabulas... haec aetas autem respuit,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10; cf. Quint. 6, 4, 19:

nec inconstantiam virtus recipit nec varietatem natura patitur,

Cic. Rep. 3, 11, 18; cf. Vell. 2, 130, 3: non recipit istam Conjunctionem honestas, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119:

assentatio nocere nemini potest, nisi ei, qui eam recipit atque eă delectatur,

id. Lael. 26, 97:

timor misericordiam non recipit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 26:

casus recipere (res),

to admit, be liable to, id. B. C. 1, 78; so,

aliquem casum (res),

id. ib. 3, 51:

re jam non ultra recipiente cunctationem,

Liv. 29, 24; Vell. 2, 52, 3:

sed hoc distinctionem recipit,

Just. Inst. 1, 12 pr.:

si recipiatur poëtica fabulositas,

Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 101:

in hoc genere prorsus recipio hanc brevem annotationem,

Quint. 10, 7, 31; cf. id. 8, 3, 31:

nos necessarios maxime atque in usum receptos (tropos) exequemur,

id. 8, 6, 2; cf. id. 8, 6, 32; 5, 11, 20; 11, 3, 104; so with a subj.-clause, id. 1, 3, 14; 6, 3, 103; Plin. 28, 2, 5, § 24 al.—

Of opinions, etc., to adopt, embrace (late Lat.):

alicujus sententiam,

Sulp. Sev. Chron. 2, 39, 1:

opinionem,

id. Dial. 1, 17, 5.—

In partic.

To take upon one ' s self, undertake, accept the performance of a task consigned or intrusted to one (whereas suscipio denotes, in gen., the voluntary undertaking of any action; cf.:

spondeo, stipulor, polliceor): recepi causam Siciliae... ego tamen hoc onere suscepto et receptā causā Siciliensi amplexus animo sum aliquanto amplius. Suscepi enim causam totius ordinis, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

in hoc judicio mihi Siculorum causam receptam, populi Romani susceptam esse videor,

id. Div. in Caecil. 8, 26; and:

in quo est illa magna offensio vel neglegentiae susceptis rebus vel perfidiae receptis,

id. de Or. 2, 24, 101; cf. also Quint. 12, 1, 39:

verebamini, ne non id facerem, quod recepissem semel?

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 9:

causam Sex. Roscii,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 1, 2:

mandatum,

id. ib. 38, 112:

officium,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183:

curam ad se,

Suet. Tit. 6.—

To take an obligation upon one ' s self, to pledge one ' s self, pass one ' s word, be surety for a thing, to warrant, promise, engage a thing to any one, = anadechomai (a favorite word of Cic., esp. in his Epistles): Pe. Tute unus si recipere hoc ad te dicis... Pa. Dico et recipio Ad me, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 74; cf.:

ad me recipio: Faciet,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 12:

promitto in meque recipio, fore eum, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 3; cf.:

spondeo in meque recipio eos esse, etc.,

id. ib. 13, 17, 3.—With obj.-clause:

promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; so with hoc, id. Fam. 13, 50, 2 (with spondeo); 6, 12, 3; 13, 41, 2 (with confirmo); id. Att. 5, 13, 2; Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 4; Liv. 7, 14 Drak.; 33, 13 fin.:

pro Cassio et te, si quid me velitis recipere, recipiam,

Cic. Fam. 11, 1, 4. — With de:

de aestate polliceris vel potius recipis,

Cic. Att. 13, 1, 2; Liv. 40, 35; cf.

also: sed fidem recepisse sibi et ipsum et Appium de me,

had given him a solemn assurance, Cic. Att. 2, 22, 2.— With dat. (after the analogy of promitto, polliceor, spondeo):

ea, quae tibi promitto ac recipio,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 5; cf.: omnia ei et petenti recepi et ultro pollicitus sum, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 1; 7, 1:

mihi,

id. ib. 10, 13, 3; Caes. B. C. 3, 82 fin.:

quid sibi is de me recepisset, in memoriam redegit,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 9.—With dat. and obj.-clause:

mihi in Cumano diligentissime se, ut annui essemus, defensurum receperat,

Cic. Att. 5, 17, 5;

so,

id. Fam. 6, 12, 3 Manut. (with confirmare); 13, 72, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Suet. Caes. 23 fin. —

In jurid. lang.: recipere nomen, of the prætor, to receive or entertain a charge against one, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94; 2, 2, 42, § 102; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 2; Val. Max. 3, 7, 9;

for which: recipere reum,

Tac. A. 2, 74 fin.; 4, 21:

aliquem inter reos,

id. ib. 3, 70; 13, 10. —Hence,

rĕceptus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 1.), received, usual, current, customary (post-class. and very rare):

auctoritas receptior,

Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 5: scriptores receptissimi, Sol. praef.—

rĕceptum, i, n. subst. (acc. to II. B. 2. b.), an engagement, obligation, guaranty:

satis est factum Siculis, satis promisso nostro ac recepto,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 53, § 139; cf.:

promissum et receptum intervertit,

id. Phil. 2, 32, 79.

rĕ-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 (rēduco or redduco, Lucr. 1, 228; 4, 992; 5, 133; old imp. redduce, Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 29), v. a.

To lead or bring back, to conduct back (very freq. and class.; syn. redigo).

Lit.

In gen.

Of living objects:

reducam te ubi fuisti,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 106:

hunc ex Alide huc reducimus,

id. ib. 5, 4, 17; cf.:

aliquem ex errore in viam,

id. Ps. 2, 3, 2:

aliquem de exsilio,

Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 9; id. Att. 9, 14, 2; cf.:

ab exsilio,

Quint. 5, 11, 9:

socios a morte,

Verg. A. 4, 375:

Silenium ad parentes,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 86; so,

ad aliquem,

Cic. Off. 3, 22, 86; Caes. B. G. 6, 32; id. B. C. 1, 24; 2, 38 fin.; cf.:

a pastu vitulos ad tecta,

Verg. G. 4, 434:

reduci in carcerem,

Cic. Att. 4, 6, 2:

in Italiam,

Caes. B. C. 3, 18:

reducere uxorem,

to take again to wife, marry again, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 31; 43; 3, 5, 51; 4, 4, 12 sq. al.; Nep. Dion, 6, 2; Suet. Dom. 3; 13; cf.:

uxorem in matrimonium,

id. ib. 8:

regem,

to restore to the throne, to reinstate, Cic. Rab. Post. 8, 19; id. Fam. 1, 2, 1; 1, 7, 4; id. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 3 (v. reductio):

possum excitare multos reductos testes liberalitatis tuae,

i. e. who have been brought back by your generosity, id. Rab. Post. 17, 47; cf.: cum in Italiam reductus existimabor, Pomp. ap. Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 4. —

With inanimate objects, to draw back, bring back:

(falces) tormentis introrsus reducebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 22:

reliquas munitiones ab eā fossā pedes CCCC. reduxit,

id. ib. 7, 22; cf.

turres,

id. ib. 7, 24 fin.: calculum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 170, 30:

in jaculando bracchia,

Quint. 10, 3, 6:

sinum dextrā usque ad lumbos,

id. 11, 3, 131:

ad pectora remos,

Ov. M. 11, 461; Verg. A. 8, 689:

clipeum,

to draw back, Ov. M. 12, 132:

gladium (opp. eduxit),

Gell. 5, 9, 3:

auras naribus,

Lucr. 4, 990 al.:

furcillas hibernatum in tecta,

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 6. — Poet.:

solem reducit,

Verg. A. 1, 143; so,

diem (Aurora),

id. G. 1, 249:

lucem (Aurora),

Ov. M. 3, 150:

noctem die labente (Phoebus),

Verg. A. 11, 914:

aestatem,

id. G. 3, 296:

hiemes,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 15:

febrim,

id. S. 2, 3, 294:

somnum (cantus),

id. C. 3, 1, 21 al.:

umbram,

to make the shadow move backwards, Vulg. 4 Reg. 20, 11.—

In partic.

Reducere aliquem domum (opp. deducere), to conduct or accompany one home, Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 19:

(P. Scipio) cum senatu dimisso domum reductus ad vesperum est a patribus conscriptis,

Cic. Lael. 3, 12; cf. Liv. 4, 24; cf.:

quos Elea domum reducit Palma,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 17.—So, without domum:

in ludum (puellulam) ducere et reducere,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 36:

aliquem ad suam villam,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 1:

bene comitati per forum reducuntur,

Quint. 12, 8, 3:

quantā reduci Regulus solet turbā,

Mart. 2, 74, 2: assurgi, deduci, reduci, Cic. Sen. 18, 63.—

In milit. lang., to draw off, withdraw troops:

vastatis omnibus eorum agris Caesar exercitum reduxit,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29 fin.:

legiones reduci jussit,

id. B. C. 3, 46; so,

exercitum (copias, legiones suas, etc.),

id. B. G. 6, 29; 7, 68; id. B. C. 2, 28 fin.; Liv. 5, 5; Front. Strat. 2, 3, 1; 5; 2, 5, 13 sq.:

suos incolumes,

Caes. B. G. 5, 22; Front. Strat. 1, 1, 11; 5, 13:

legiones ex Britanniā,

Caes. B. G. 4, 38:

a munitionibus,

id. ib. 7, 88:

ab oppugnatione,

id. ib. 5, 26 fin.:

in castra,

id. ib. 1, 49 fin.; 1, 50; 2, 9;

4, 34 et saep.: in hiberna,

id. ib. 6, 3:

in Treviros, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 53; 7, 9 fin.; Liv. 43, 20:

intra fossam,

Caes. B. C. 1, 42; cf.:

ab radicibus collis intra munitiones,

id. B. G. 7, 51 fin. — Absol. (like duco and educo):

instituit reducere,

to march back, Front. Strat. 1, 4, 5 and 8.—

To recall to the stage a player:

a magno Pompeio magni theatri dedicatione anus pro miraculo deducta,

Plin. 7, 48, 49, § 158.—

Trop., to bring back, restore, replace:

ad divitias,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 17:

animum aegrotum ad misericordiam,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 27:

aliquem in gratiam,

id. ib. 5, 4, 45; Cic. Clu. 36, 101:

in gratiam cum aliquo,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; Liv. 10, 5 fin.; Quint. 5, 11, 19; cf.: ut Caesarem et Pompeium perfidiā hominum distractos rursus in pristinam concordiam reducas, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 1:

aliquem ad officium sanitatemque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:

propinquum ad officium,

Nep. Dat. 2, 3:

judices ad justitiam,

Quint. 6, 1, 46:

legiones veterem ad morem,

Tac. A. 11, 18:

meque ipse reduco A contemplatu,

withdraw myself, Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 65:

verba paulum declinata ad veritatem,

Quint. 1, 6, 32:

judicatio est ad eum statum reducenda,

id. 7, 3, 35:

reducere in memoriam quibus rationibus unam quamque partem confirmāris,

Cic. Inv. 1, 52, 98; cf.:

in memoriam gravissimi luctūs,

Plin. Ep. 3, 10, 2:

dolorem in animum judicantium,

Quint. 11, 1, 54:

vocem in quendam sonum aequabilem,

Auct. Her. 3, 12, 21:

verborum facilitatem in altum,

Quint. 10, 7, 28:

haec benignā in sedem vice,

Hor. Epod. 13, 7 sq.:

tu spem reducis mentibus anxiis Viresque,

id. C. 3, 21, 17:

diem et convivia mente re duxit,

has recalled to mind, Sil. 8, 136:

vel instituere vel reducere ejusmodi exemplum, etc.,

to introduce again, restore, Plin. Ep. 4, 29, 3; so,

habitum vestitumque pristinum,

Suet. Aug. 40:

morem transvectionis post longam intercapedinem,

id. ib. 38. — To bring back, restore to the right path:

scire est liberum Ingenium et animum, quo vis illos tu die Redducas,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44.—

After the Aug. period, sometimes with the idea of ducere predominating, for the usual redigere (q. v. II.).

To bring or get out, to produce a certain quantity:

LX. pondo panis e modio (milii) reducunt,

Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 54.—

To bring, make, reduce to some shape, quality, condition, etc. (rare;

usually redigere): aliquid in formam,

Ov. M. 15, 381:

faecem in summum,

to bring up, raise, Col. 12, 19, 4:

excrescentes carnes in ulceribus ad aequalitatem efficacissime reducunt (just before, redigit),

Plin. 30, 13, 39, § 113:

cicatrices ad colorem,

id. 27, 12, 82, § 106:

corpus sensim ad maciem,

id. 24, 8, 30, § 46:

ulcera ac scabiem jumentorum ad pilum,

id. 22, 22, 32, § 72.— Hence, rĕ-ductus, a, um, P. a., drawn back, withdrawn; of place, retired, remote, distant, lonely.

Lit.:

inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos,

Verg. G. 4, 420; id. A. 1, 161; so,

vallis,

id. ib. 6, 703; Hor. C. 1, 17, 17; id. Epod. 2, 11.—

Trop.:

virtus est medium vitiorum et utrimque reductum,

from either extreme, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 9.—

In painting: alia eminentiora, alia reductiora fecerunt,

less prominent, Quint. 11, 3, 46: producta et reducta (bona), a transl. of the Gr. proêgmena kai apoproêgmena of the Stoics, things to be preferred and those to be deferred, Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 90.— Sup. and adv. do not occur.

rĕpŭdĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [repudium], t. t.

Of persons married or betrothed, to cast off, put away, divorce, repudiate (cf. reicio):

sponsas admodum adulescens duas habuit... priorem... virginem adhuc repudiavit,

Suet. Claud. 26:

uxorem,

id. Caes. 79; so id. Tib. 35 fin.:

Liviam repudiatam relegavit,

id. Calig. 25:

ob hoc repudiatus,

id. Gram. 3; Quint. 4, 2, 98; 8, 5, 31:

si repudiatur miles, mulier mecum perit,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 8; cf.:

repudiatus repetor,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 14:

sponsum,

Suet. Caes. 21; id. Gram. 3:

(mulier marito) amatorium dedit, repudiavit,

Quint. 7, 8, 2:

repudiari etiam futurum matrimonium potest,

Dig. 50, 16, 191.—

To reject, refuse to accept an inheritance:

si heres bona repudiaverit,

Dig. 37, 14, 21 fin.:

fideicommissum,

ib. 31, 1, 35:

hereditatem,

ib. 31, 1, 77, § 31:

legatum a se,

ib. 33, 5, 10:

voluntatem defuncti,

ib. 32, 1, 80.—

Transf., in gen., to reject, refuse; to scorn, disdain, repudiate (very freq. and good prose;

syn.: reprobo, aspernor, respuo): cujus vota et preces a vestris mentibus repudiare debetis,

Cic. Clu. 70, 201:

consilium senatūs a re publicā,

to remove, withdraw from the State, id. de Or. 3, 1, 3:

repudia istos comites,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 30:

duces,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nobilitatem supplicem,

Cic. Planc. 20, 50:

eloquentia haec forensis spreta a philosophis et repudiata,

id. Or. 3, 13; cf.:

repudiata rejectaque legatio,

id. Phil. 9, 6, 15; Quint. 3, 6, 33:

genus totum liberi populi,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

condicionem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 54; Cic. Quint. 14, 46:

beneficium,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11; cf.:

gratiam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

consilium,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 18:

legem,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96:

patrocinium voluptatis (corresp. to vituperare),

id. Fin. 2, 21, 67:

provinciam,

id. Phil. 3, 10, 26:

opimum dictionis genus funditus,

id. Or. 8, 25:

ista securitas multis locis repudianda,

id. Lael. 13, 47:

iracundia omnibus in rebus repudianda,

id. Off. 1, 25, 89:

virtus, quam sequitur caritas, minime repudianda est,

id. Lael. 17, 61.—Hence, part.: rĕpŭdĭātus, a, um; as subst.: rĕpŭ-dĭāta, ae, f., a divorced wife:

sin autem vidua, vel repudiata,

Vulg. Lev. 22, 13; id. Num. 30, 10; cf. id. Ezech. 44, 22.

rĕpŭdĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [repudium], t. t.

Of persons married or betrothed, to cast off, put away, divorce, repudiate (cf. reicio):

sponsas admodum adulescens duas habuit... priorem... virginem adhuc repudiavit,

Suet. Claud. 26:

uxorem,

id. Caes. 79; so id. Tib. 35 fin.:

Liviam repudiatam relegavit,

id. Calig. 25:

ob hoc repudiatus,

id. Gram. 3; Quint. 4, 2, 98; 8, 5, 31:

si repudiatur miles, mulier mecum perit,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 8; cf.:

repudiatus repetor,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 14:

sponsum,

Suet. Caes. 21; id. Gram. 3:

(mulier marito) amatorium dedit, repudiavit,

Quint. 7, 8, 2:

repudiari etiam futurum matrimonium potest,

Dig. 50, 16, 191.—

To reject, refuse to accept an inheritance:

si heres bona repudiaverit,

Dig. 37, 14, 21 fin.:

fideicommissum,

ib. 31, 1, 35:

hereditatem,

ib. 31, 1, 77, § 31:

legatum a se,

ib. 33, 5, 10:

voluntatem defuncti,

ib. 32, 1, 80.—

Transf., in gen., to reject, refuse; to scorn, disdain, repudiate (very freq. and good prose;

syn.: reprobo, aspernor, respuo): cujus vota et preces a vestris mentibus repudiare debetis,

Cic. Clu. 70, 201:

consilium senatūs a re publicā,

to remove, withdraw from the State, id. de Or. 3, 1, 3:

repudia istos comites,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 30:

duces,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nobilitatem supplicem,

Cic. Planc. 20, 50:

eloquentia haec forensis spreta a philosophis et repudiata,

id. Or. 3, 13; cf.:

repudiata rejectaque legatio,

id. Phil. 9, 6, 15; Quint. 3, 6, 33:

genus totum liberi populi,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

condicionem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 54; Cic. Quint. 14, 46:

beneficium,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11; cf.:

gratiam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

consilium,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 18:

legem,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96:

patrocinium voluptatis (corresp. to vituperare),

id. Fin. 2, 21, 67:

provinciam,

id. Phil. 3, 10, 26:

opimum dictionis genus funditus,

id. Or. 8, 25:

ista securitas multis locis repudianda,

id. Lael. 13, 47:

iracundia omnibus in rebus repudianda,

id. Off. 1, 25, 89:

virtus, quam sequitur caritas, minime repudianda est,

id. Lael. 17, 61.—Hence, part.: rĕpŭdĭātus, a, um; as subst.: rĕpŭ-dĭāta, ae, f., a divorced wife:

sin autem vidua, vel repudiata,

Vulg. Lev. 22, 13; id. Num. 30, 10; cf. id. Ezech. 44, 22.

rĕpŭdĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [repudium], t. t.

Of persons married or betrothed, to cast off, put away, divorce, repudiate (cf. reicio):

sponsas admodum adulescens duas habuit... priorem... virginem adhuc repudiavit,

Suet. Claud. 26:

uxorem,

id. Caes. 79; so id. Tib. 35 fin.:

Liviam repudiatam relegavit,

id. Calig. 25:

ob hoc repudiatus,

id. Gram. 3; Quint. 4, 2, 98; 8, 5, 31:

si repudiatur miles, mulier mecum perit,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 1, 8; cf.:

repudiatus repetor,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 14:

sponsum,

Suet. Caes. 21; id. Gram. 3:

(mulier marito) amatorium dedit, repudiavit,

Quint. 7, 8, 2:

repudiari etiam futurum matrimonium potest,

Dig. 50, 16, 191.—

To reject, refuse to accept an inheritance:

si heres bona repudiaverit,

Dig. 37, 14, 21 fin.:

fideicommissum,

ib. 31, 1, 35:

hereditatem,

ib. 31, 1, 77, § 31:

legatum a se,

ib. 33, 5, 10:

voluntatem defuncti,

ib. 32, 1, 80.—

Transf., in gen., to reject, refuse; to scorn, disdain, repudiate (very freq. and good prose;

syn.: reprobo, aspernor, respuo): cujus vota et preces a vestris mentibus repudiare debetis,

Cic. Clu. 70, 201:

consilium senatūs a re publicā,

to remove, withdraw from the State, id. de Or. 3, 1, 3:

repudia istos comites,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 30:

duces,

Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

nobilitatem supplicem,

Cic. Planc. 20, 50:

eloquentia haec forensis spreta a philosophis et repudiata,

id. Or. 3, 13; cf.:

repudiata rejectaque legatio,

id. Phil. 9, 6, 15; Quint. 3, 6, 33:

genus totum liberi populi,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 49:

condicionem,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 54; Cic. Quint. 14, 46:

beneficium,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 11; cf.:

gratiam populi Romani,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

consilium,

Ter. And. 4, 3, 18:

legem,

Cic. Lael. 25, 96:

patrocinium voluptatis (corresp. to vituperare),

id. Fin. 2, 21, 67:

provinciam,

id. Phil. 3, 10, 26:

opimum dictionis genus funditus,

id. Or. 8, 25:

ista securitas multis locis repudianda,

id. Lael. 13, 47:

iracundia omnibus in rebus repudianda,

id. Off. 1, 25, 89:

virtus, quam sequitur caritas, minime repudianda est,

id. Lael. 17, 61.—Hence, part.: rĕpŭdĭātus, a, um; as subst.: rĕpŭ-dĭāta, ae, f., a divorced wife:

sin autem vidua, vel repudiata,

Vulg. Lev. 22, 13; id. Num. 30, 10; cf. id. Ezech. 44, 22.

rĕ-pŭdĭum, ii, n. [pudet], t. t., of married or betrothed parties, a casting off, putting away of the opposite party; a dissolution of the marriage contract, a separation, divorce, repudiation:

inter divortium et repudium hoc interest, quod repudiari etiam futurum matrimonium potest, non recte autem sponsa divertisse dicitur, quando divortium ex eo dictum est, quod in diversas partes eunt, qui discedunt,

Dig. 50, 16, 191; cf.:

divortium inter virum et uxorem fieri dicitur, repudium vero sponsae remitti videtur, quod et in uxoris personam non absurde cadit,

ib. 50, 16, 101 (Cic. uses only divortium, v. h. v.):

renuntiare repudium sponsae,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 53 sq.; so,

renuntiare,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 72: repudium (sponsae) remittere, Lucil. ap. Non. 383, 20; so,

remittere,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 69; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 35; cf.:

remittere uxori,

Suet. Tib. 11:

mittere mulieribus absentium maritorum nomine,

id. Calig. 36; cf.:

Maevia repudium misit,

Dig. 24, 3, 38:

dicere,

Tac. A. 3, 22:

scribere,

Tert. Apol. 6:

M. Lepidus Appuleiae uxoris caritate post repudium obiit,

Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 122:

repudio dimittere uxorem,

Just. 11, 11, 5; 9, 7, 1:

causam repudii dare,

Dig. 24, 3, 39:

repudium inter uxorem et virum nullum intercessit,

Val. Max. 2, 1, 4:

libellum repudii,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 31 al.; cf. Dig. 24, tit. 2: De divortiis et repudiis.—

Trop. (late Lat.):

amphitheatri,

Tert. Spect. 19:

spectaculorum,

id. ib. 24.

rītĕ, adv. [perh. an old abl. form collat. with ritu, as, on the other hand, diu with die, and noctu with nocte; subst. rite = ritu, is now found only in rite nefasto libatus, Stat. Th. 11, 285].

Lit., according to religious ceremonies or observances; and pregn., with due religious observances or rites, according to religious usage:

nocturna mulierum sacrificia ne sunto praeter olla quae pro populo rite fient,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21:

rite veteres, rite etiam vestri coluere divos, id. poët. Div. 1, 13, 21: neque duobus nisi certis deis rite una hostia fieri,

Liv. 27, 25, 9:

exsequiis rite solutis,

Verg. A. 7, 5:

centum mactabat rite bidentes,

id. ib. 7, 93:

deos apprecati,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 28:

Latonae puerum canentes,

id. ib. 4, 6, 37:

rebus divinis perpetratis,

Liv. 1, 8:

pecora sacrificant,

id. 41, 18:

votum solvi,

id. 31, 9:

templa sacerdotum rite dicata manu,

Ov. F. 1, 610.—

Transf., in gen., in a proper or just manner; fitly, duly, rightly, aright, well:

quod fit rite id ratum ac rectum est,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 88 Müll.: rite significat bene ac recte, Paul. ex Fest. p. 272 ib.: idque ut rite intellegas te facere, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 193 P.: hunc deum rite beatum dixerimus, rightly, with justice or reason, Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 52; so,

habere,

id. ib. 2, 24, 62:

appellari,

id. Fin. 2, 12, 37; Ov. M. 3, 264; 14, 433 al.:

creatus tribunus,

Quint. 2, 4, 35:

rebus paratis,

Verg. A. 4, 555:

memor,

id. ib. 5, 25:

aperire partus,

Hor. C. S. 13:

mens rite Nutrita,

id. C. 4, 4, 25:

si maxima Juno Rite vocor,

Ov. M. 3, 264; id. H. 7, 108:

QVON RITE RECTE DE FINIBVS CVM VELIENS. ACTVM SIT,

Inscr. Orell. 137:

deos veneror, Ut, quod de meā re huc veni, rite venerim,

at the right time, fortunately, Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 18; Verg. A. 10, 254:

Nymphas venerabar, Rite secundarent visus,

id. ib. 3, 36.—

In the usual way, manner, or fashion; according to custom or usage:

retinentes pocula rite,

Lucr. 1, 495:

campestres Scythae, Quorum plaustra vagas rite trahunt domos,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 10:

religatos rite videbat Carpere gramen equos,

Verg. A. 9, 352. —

Esp., in the manner or form prescribed by law, legally, formally, solemnly:

hic enim rite productust patri,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 51:

rite creatus tribunus,

Quint. 2, 4, 35:

matrimonium rite confectum,

Tert. ad Uxor. 2, 3.

sortĭor, ītus, 4, v. dep. n. and a. [sors].

Neutr., to cast or draw lots:

coniciam sortes in sitellam et sortiar Tibi et Chalino,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 34:

cum praetores designati sortirentur et M. Metello obtigisset, ut is de pecuniis repetundis quaereret,

drew lots for the judges, appointed the judges by lot, Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 21; Quint. 3, 10, 1: consules comparare inter se aut sortiri jussi, to draw lots for the provinces, Liv. 38, 35, 9:

sortiti nocte singuli per ordinem intrārunt,

Quint. 4, 2, 72:

dum legiones de ordine agminis sortiuntur,

Tac. H. 2, 41:

de altero consulatu,

Suet. Claud. 7.—Hence, Sor-tĭentes, The Lot-drawers (a transl. of the Gr. Klêroumenoi), the name of a comedy by Diphilus, Plaut. Cas. prol. 32.—

Act., to draw or cast lots for, to fix, assign, or appoint by lot, to allot; also esp. in the perfect tenses, to obtain or receive by lot (freq. and class.).

With acc.:

tribus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 8, 21:

provinciam,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 25:

provincias,

id. Att. 1, 13, 5:

duas Gallias,

id. ib. 1, 19, 2:

ut consules inter se provincias compararent sortirenturve,

Liv. 42, 31:

judices,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42; 2, 2, 18, § 44:

judices per praetorem urbanum,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 2:

aliquos ad ignominiam,

id. Clu. 46, 129:

dicas,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42 fin.:

nec regna vini sortiere talis,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 18: aequā lege Necessitas Sortitur insignes et imos, decides the fate of, etc., id. ib. 3, 1, 15:

peregrinam (provinciam) sortitus est,

Liv. 39, 45:

ex praeturā ulteriorem sortitus Hispaniam,

Suet. Caes. 18; Plin. Ep. 6, 22 fin. —

With rel.-clause:

ut P. Furius et Cn. Servilius inter se sortirentur, uter citeriorem Hispaniam obtineret,

Liv. 42, 4, 2:

consules sortiti, uter dedicaret,

id. 2, 8, 6; 24, 10, 2:

uter patriā decederet,

Vell. 1, 1, 4:

sortiri, quid loquare,

Cic. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

num sortiuntur inter se, quae declinet, quae non?

id. Fat. 20, 46.—

Transf. (mostly poet. and not ante-Aug.).

To share, divide, distribute:

pariter laborem Sortiti,

shared the labor, Verg. A. 8, 445:

vices,

id. ib. 3, 634:

periculum,

id. ib. 9, 174.—

To choose, select:

subolem armento sortire quot annis,

Verg. G. 3, 71:

fortunam (i.e. locum) oculis,

id. A. 12, 920:

matrimonium,

Just. 26, 3, 8.—

In gen., to obtain, receive a thing (mostly in the tempp. perff.; not ante-Aug.):

Tectosagi mediterranea Asiae sortiti sunt,

Liv. 38, 16:

si emancipatus uxore ducta filium fuerit sortitus,

Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 5:

gens Claudia regnum in plebem sortita,

Liv. 3, 58:

amicum,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 53; 2, 6, 94; id. A. P. 92:

si Maeonium vatem sortita fuisses,

Ov. Tr. 1, 6, 21; id. M. 2, 241; 3, 124; 11, 758; Suet. Aug. 99 al.:

quidam sortiti metuentem sabbata patrem,

Juv. 14, 96:

venerabile ingenium,

id. 15, 144:

fata tam tristia,

Sen. Phoen. 245:

reliqua rerum tuarum post te alium atque alium dominum sortientur,

Plin. Ep. 1, 3, 4 Döring ad loc.— Pass. part. sortitus, v. sortio fin. — Adv.: sortītō, by lot:

sacerdotem sortito capere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 126; S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 8; Suet. Aug. 30; 47.— Transf., by fate, by destiny (= sorte, or lege naturae):

tibi sortito id obtigit,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 25; Hor. Epod. 4, 1.

spondĕo, spŏpondi, sponsum, 2 ( perf. spepondi, Cic., Caes., and Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 12 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 4358;

without redup. sponderat,

Tert. Carm. adv. Mart. 3, 135; subj. sponsis = spoponderis, an ancient formula of prayer in Fest. p. 351 Müll.), v. a. [akin with spendô, to pour out, = libare; cf. spondai, league].

Jurid. and publicists' t. t.

In bargains, covenants, treaties, etc., to promise solemnly, to bind, engage, or pledge one's self (class.; syn.: recipio, stipulor, promitto; cf.: vadimonium obire, vadari); according to the civil law in its original form, it was essential to a binding contract verbally made (verbis) that a proposition and its acceptance should be expressed by the question spondes? and the answer spondeo; and only at a later period was the use of promitto, etc., valid (v. Sandars, Introd. ad Just. Inst. p. LV): verbis obligatio fit ex interrogatione et responsione, velut, Dari spondes? Spondeo. Dabis? Dabo. Promittis? Promitto;

sed haec quidem verborum obligatio: dari spondes? spondeo, propria civium Romanorum est, cetera vero juris gentium sunt,

Gai. Inst. 3, 91 sq.; Dig. 45, 1, 126; 45, 1, 133; cf.

the whole title,

ib. 45, 1: De verborum obligationibus: He. Aeternum tibi dapinabo victum, si vera autumas... Er. Sponden' tu istut? He. Spondeo, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 118: qui stulte spondet, Cato ap. Rufin. 18, p. 210:

quis stipulatus est? Ubi? Quo die? Quis spopondisse me dicit? Nemo,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 13:

ut aliquando spondere se diceret,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:

si quis quod spopondit, quā in re verbo se obligavit uno, si id non facit, etc.,

id. Caecin. 3, 7:

faeneris, quod stipulanti spoponderam tibi, reliquam pensiunculam percipe,

Col. 10 praef.:

ego meā fide spondeo futurum ut omnia invenias, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10.—

To promise for another, to become security for a person, to enter bail, etc.:

quod multis benigne fecerit, pro multis spoponderit,

has become security, Cic. Planc. 19, 47:

sed tamen scire velim quando dicar spopondisse et pro patre anne pro filio,

id. Att. 12, 14, 2:

quod pro Cornificio me abhinc annis XXV. spopondisse dicit Flavius,

id. ib. 12, 17:

et se quisque paratum ad spondendum Icilio ostendere,

Liv. 3, 46, 7:

sponsum diceres advocasse, Cic. Fragm. Clod. et Cur. 3, 4, p. 29 B. and K.: hic sponsum vocat,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 67:

sponsum descendam, quia promisi,

Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2. —

Transf., of promises or pledges made in behalf of a government, etc.:

non foedere pax Caudina, sed per sponsionem facta est... Spoponderunt consules, legati, quaestores, tribuni militum,

Liv. 9, 5, 4:

quod spondendo pacem servassent exercitum,

id. 9, 8, 15:

quid tandem si spopondissemus urbem hanc relicturum populum Romanum?

id. 9, 9, 6:

ea demum sponsio esset, quam populi jussu spopondissemus,

id. 9, 9, 13:

hosti nihil spopondistis, civem neminem spondere pro vobis jussistis,

id. 9, 9, 16.—

Esp., to promise or engage in marriage, betroth: qui uxorem ducturus erat ab eo unde ducenda erat, stipulabatur eam in matrimonium ductam iri; [p. 1746] qui daturus erat itidem spondebat. Tum quae promissa erat sponsa appellabatur, qui spoponderat ducturum, sponsus, Sulp. Dot. ap. Gell. 4, 4, 2: Ly. Istac lege filiam tuam sponden' mihi uxorem dari? Ch. Spondeo. Ca. Et ego spondeo idem hoc, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 38 sq.; 2, 4, 172: Me. Etiam mihi despondes filiam? Eu. Illis legibus, Cum illā dote quam tibi dixi. Me. Sponden' ergo? Eu. Spondeo, id. Aul. 2, 2, 78: Ph. Spondesne, miles, mi hanc uxorem? Th. Spondeo. Ph. Et ego huic victum spondeo, id. Curc. 5, 2, 73 sq.: sponden tu ergo tuam gnatam uxorem mihi? Ch. Spondeo et mille auri Philippum dotis, id. Trin. 5, 2, 34.—Hence, of women, alicui sponsam esse, to be betrothed, engaged to a man:

si volt Demipho Dare quantum ab hac accipio, quae sponsa est mihi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 52:

scis, sponsam mihi (esse)?

id. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 6; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 101 sq.; 2, 4, 172; 2, 4, 174; id. Poen. 5, 3, 43.—

= sponsionem facere (v. sponsio, II.), to lay a judicial wager, to enter into an agreement to pay contingent on the truth or falsity of an assertion: si hoc ita est, qui spondet mille nummūm? P. Afric. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 11, 9.— So, absol.:

cum illi jacenti latera tunderentur, ut aliquando spondere se diceret,

should declare that he made the required wager, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (cf. sponsum, P. a. fin. infra); Dig. 11, 5, 3.—

In gen., to promise sacredly, to warrant, vow (class.).

With fut. inf.:

promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51:

ut (eum) inimicissimum huic conjurationi futurum esse, promittam et spondeam,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

et ipse spondeo et omnes hoc tibi tui pro me recipient, te fructum esse capturum, etc.,

id. Fam. 13, 50, 2:

quis est qui spondeat eundum, si differtur bellum, animum postea fore,

Liv. 5, 5, 9:

quae si perpetua concordia sit, quis non spondere ausit, maximum hoc imperium brevi futurum esse?

id. 5, 3, 10:

spondebant animis id (bellum) P. Cornelium finiturum,

with full conviction, id. 28, 38, 9; cf. id. 3, 59, 3:

sponde affore reges,

Val. Fl. 3, 504.—

With inf. pres., to warrant, give assurance of an existing fact:

spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores,

Cic. Fam. 13, 17, 2.—

With acc. of thing (and often dat. pers.):

quibus cum consulem suum reliquissent, honores et praemia spopondistis,

Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28: mihi sex menses sati' sunt vitae, septimum Orco spondeo, Poët. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22: ea spondent, confirmant, quae, quidem mihi exploratiora essent, si remansissem, Cic Att. 11, 6, 3:

quod ego non modo de me tibi spondere possum, sed de te etiam mihi,

id. Fam. 15, 21, 1:

ac de infante (Tiberio) Scribonius mathematicus praeclara spopondit,

Suet. Tib. 14:

tantum sibi vel de viribus suis, vel de fortunā spondentes,

Just. 3, 4, 1; Amm. 24, 1, 8:

illius et dites monitis spondentibus Indi,

Val. Fl. 6, 117:

non si mihi Juppiter auctor Spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

spondere fidem,

Ov. M. 10, 395:

officium Amori,

id. ib. 10, 418.—

Transf., of inanim. or abstract subjects (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):

nec quicquam placidum spondentia Martis Sidera presserunt,

Ov. Ib. 217:

quod prope diem futurum spondet et virtus et fortuna vestra,

Liv. 7, 30, 8:

eorum hominum erat, qui, quantum spes spopondisset, cuperent, ni, etc.,

id. 45, 19, 7:

magna de illo (Philippo) spes fuit propter ipsius ingenium, quod magnum spondebat virum,

Just. 7, 6, 1.— Hence, sponsus, a, um, P. a., promised, engaged, betrothed, affianced; substt,

sponsus, i, m., a betrothed man, a bridegroom: virgo Sponso superba, Titin. ap. Non. 305, 5:

accede ad sponsum audacter,

id. ib. 227, 15; Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78:

sponsus regius,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 10.— Poet., of Penelope's suitors, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.—

spon-sa, ae, f., a betrothed woman, a bride:

scio equidem, sponsam tibi esse et filium ex sponsā tuā,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 12; Ter. And. 2, 1, 24:

flebilis sponsa,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 21 et saep.—Prov.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam, i. e. every one to his taste, Atil. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3.—

sponsum, i, n., a covenant, agreement, engagement: sponsum negare, to break or disown one's pledge, Hor. S. 1, 3, 95:

sponsus contra sponsum rogatus,

Varr. L. L. 7, § 107 Müll.—

Esp., a judicial wager (cf. sponsio, II.):

ex sponso egit,

Cic. Quint. 9, 32.

stăbĭlis, e, adj. [sto, prop. where one can stand; hence, pregn.], that stands firm; firm, steadfast, steady, stable (class.; esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: firmus, constans).

Lit.:

via plana et stabilis (opp. praeceps et lubrica),

Cic. Fl. 42, 105:

locus ad insistendum,

Liv. 44, 5, 10:

solum,

id. 44, 9, 7:

stabulum,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 56:

domus,

id. Merc. 3, 4, 68:

medio sedet insula ponto,

Ov. F. 4, 303:

per stabilem ratem tamquam viam,

Liv. 21, 28, 8:

elephanti pondere ipso stabiles,

id. 21, 28, 12:

stabilior Romanus erat,

was more firm, stood his ground better, id. 44, 35, 19; cf.:

stabili gradu impetum hostium excipere,

id. 6, 12, 8; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:

Romani stabili pugnae assueti,

Liv. 28, 2, 7:

pugna,

id. 31, 35, 6:

acies,

id. 30, 11, 9:

proelium,

Tac. A. 2, 21:

quae domus tam stabilis, quae tam firma civitas est, quae? etc.,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

stabilis pulsus,

a steady pulse, Plin. 11, 37, 89, § 219:

venae aquarum,

steadily flowing, id. 30, 3, 28, § 48.—

Trop., firm, enduring, durable, stable; immutable, unwavering; steadfast, intrepid (syn.:

firmus, constans, certus): fundamentum,

Lucr. 5, 1121:

amici firmi et stabiles et constantes,

Cic. Lael. 17, 62:

stabilem se in amicitiā praestare,

id. ib. 17, 64:

stabile et fixum et permanens bonum,

id. Tusc. 5, 14, 40:

decretum stabile, fixum, ratum,

id. Ac. 2, 9, 27:

stabilis certaque sententia (opp. errans et vaga),

id. N. D. 2, 1, 2: urbs sedem stabilem non habebit, id. Marcell. 9, 29:

matrimonium stabile et certum,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 44:

stabilis et certa possessio,

id. Lael. 15, 55:

praecepta firma, stabilia,

id. Off. 1, 2, 6:

opinio,

id. N. D. 2, 2, 5:

oratio stabilis ac non mutata,

id. Mil. 34, 92:

nihil est tam ad diuturnitatem memoriae stabile quam, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 28, 129:

animus stabilis amicis,

id. Inv. 1, 30, 47:

virtus, Quae maneat stabili cum fugit illa (Fortuna) pede,

Ov. Tr. 5, 14, 30.—Of springs:

aquae certae, stabilesque et salubres,

unfailing, perennial, Plin. 31, 3, 28, § 48: eam (summam voluptatem) tum adesse, cum dolor omnis absit: eam stabilem appellas (opp. in motu), i. e. a fixed state or condition, Cic. Fin. 2, 23, 75.—Of feet, syllables, etc., in verse:

spondei,

Hor. A. P. 256; so,

pedes, dochmius, syllabae, etc.,

Quint. 9, 4, 97 sq.: stabilia probant, i. e. consisting of such feet, etc., id. 9, 4, 116.— Comp.:

imperium stabilius,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 41.— Sup.: quaestus stabilissimus, Cato, R. R. praef. fin. —

Stabile est, with subject - clause, like certum est, it is settled, it is decided:

profecto stabile'st, me patri aurum reddere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 25.—Hence, adv.: stăbĭlĭter (acc. to I.), firmly, durably, permanently (very rare):

includatur tympanum,

Vitr. 10, 14.— Comp.:

fundare molem,

Suet. Claud. 20.

sŭb (on the form sus from subs v. infra, III.), prep. with acc. and abl. [perh. for es-ub, ens-ub, = ens (eis) and hupo; Sanscr. upa; cf. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 290], under.

With abl., to point out the object under which a thing is situated or takes place (Gr. hupo, with dat. or gen.), under, below, beneath, underneath.

Of space:

si essent, qui sub terrā semper habitavissent... nec tamen exissent umquam supra terram,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95; Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 72:

sub aquā,

id. Cas. 2, 6, 28:

sub vestimentis,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 32; Liv. 1, 58; cf.: saepe est sub palliolo sordido sapientia, Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56:

ingenium ingens Inculto latet hoc sub corpore,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 34:

sub pellibus hiemare,

Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 5; cf. Liv. 23, 18, 15:

manet sub Jove frigido Venator,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 25:

sub divo moreris,

id. ib. 2, 3, 23:

vitam sub divo agat,

id. ib. 3, 2, 5 (v. divus, II.):

sub terrā vivi demissi sunt,

Liv. 22, 57:

sub hoc jugo dictator Aequos misit,

id. 3, 28, 11:

pone (me) sub curru nimium propinqui Solis,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 21 et saep.— Trop.:

non parvum sub hoc verbo furtum latet,

Cic. Agr. 3, 3, 12.—

Transf., of lofty objects, at the foot of which, or in whose immediate neighborhood, any thing is situated, under, below, beneath, at the foot of, at, by, near, before:

sub monte consedit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; so,

sub monte considere,

id. ib. 1, 21:

sub colle constituere,

id. ib. 7, 49:

sub montis radicibus esse,

id. ib. 7, 36 al.:

sub ipsis Numantiae moenibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 11, 17:

est ager sub urbe,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 107; so,

sub urbe,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 26; Varr. R. R. 1, 50, 2; Hor. C. 3, 19, 4:

sub Veteribus,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 19:

sub Novis,

Cic. de Or. 2, 66, 266 Orell. N. cr.; id. Ac. 2, 22, 70 Goer. N. cr.; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 59 Müll.:

sub basilicā,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 11 et saep.— Trop.:

sub oculis domini suam probare operam studebant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57 fin.:

omnia sub oculis erant,

Liv. 4, 28; cf. Vell. 2, 21, 3:

classem sub ipso ore urbis incendit,

Flor. 2, 15.—

Of time, in, within, during, at, by:

ne sub ipsā profectione milites oppidum irrumperent,

Caes. B. C. 1, 27:

sub decessu suo,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 49:

sub luce,

Ov. M. 1, 494; Hor. A. P. 363; Liv. 25, 24:

sub eodem tempore,

Ov. F. 5, 491:

sub somno,

Cels. 3, 18 med. al.—

In other relations, where existence under or in the immediate vicinity of any thing may be conceived.

Under, in rank or order; hence, next to, immediately after: Euryalumque Helymus sequitur;

quo deinde sub ipso Ecce volat calcemque terit jam calce Diores,

Verg. A. 5, 322.—

In gen., of subjection, domination, stipulation, influence, effect, reason, etc., under, beneath, with:

omnes ordine sub signis ducam legiones meas,

under my standards, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71: sub armis vitam cernere, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 297 Vahl.); so,

sub armis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 42:

sub sarcinis,

id. B. G. 2, 17; 3, 24:

sub onere,

id. B. C. 1, 66 et saep.—

Trop., under, subject to, in the power of; during, in the time of, upon, etc.:

sub Veneris regno vapulo, non sub Jovis,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 13:

sub regno esse,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38, 60:

sub imperio alicujus esse,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 4:

sub dicione atque imperio alicujus esse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31; Auct. B. Alex. 66, 6; Sall. J. 13, 1; Nep. Con. 4, 4; id. Eum. 7, 1; cf.:

sub Corbulone Armenios pellere,

Tac. H. 3, 24: sub manu alicujus esse, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 2;

sub rege,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 43; Hor. C. 3, 5, 9:

sub Hannibale,

Liv. 25, 40:

sub dominā meretrice,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 25:

sub nutrice,

id. ib. 2, 1, 99:

sub judice lis est,

id. A. P. 78:

praecipua sub Domitiano miseriarum pars erat,

during the reign of, Tac. Agr. 45:

scripsit sub Nerone novissimis annis,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5:

gnarus sub Nerone temporum,

Tac. Agr. 6; Suet. Tit. 8 et saep.:

sub vulnere,

from the effects of the wound, Ov. M. 5, 62; cf.:

sub judice,

under, id. ib. 13, 190:

nullo sub indice,

forced by no betrayer, id. ib. 13, 34.—So in certain phrases where the simple abl. is more freq.:

sub pacto abolitionis dominationem deponere,

Quint. 9, 2, 97:

sub condicione,

Liv. 6, 40, 8 Weissenb. ad loc.:

sub condicionibus,

id. 21, 12, 4:

sub eā condicione, ne cui fidem meam obstringam,

Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 11:

sub eā condicione, si esset, etc.,

id. ib. 8, 18, 4; so,

sub condicione, ut (ne, si, etc.),

Suet. Tib. 44; 13; id. Caes. 68; id. Claud. 24; id. Vit. 6:

sub specie (= specie, or per speciem): sub specie infidae pacis quieti,

Liv. 9, 45, 5; 36, 7, 12; 44, 24, 4:

sub tutelae specie,

Curt. 10, 6, 21; Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 2; cf.:

sub nomine pacis bellum latet,

Cic. Phil. 12, 7, 17:

sub alienis auspiciis rem gerere,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 6:

sub lege, ne,

Suet. Aug. 21:

sub exceptione, si,

id. Caes. 78:

sub poenā mortis,

id. Calig. 48:

servitutis,

id. Tib. 36 et saep.:

sub frigido sudore mori,

Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin. —

With acc., to point out the object under which a thing comes, goes, extends, etc. (Gr. hupo, with acc.), under, below, beneath.

Of space, usually with verbs of motion:

et datores et factores omnes subdam sub solum,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 18:

manum sub vestimenta deferre,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 78:

cum tota se luna sub orbem solis subjecisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

exercitum sub jugum mittere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7; 1, 12; Sall. J. 38, 9 Dietsch ad loc.:

sub furcam ire,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 66:

sub divum rapere,

id. C. 1, 18, 13:

sub terras ire,

Verg. A. 4, 654. — Trop.:

sub judicium sapientis et delectum cadunt,

Cic. Fin. 3, 18, 61:

quae sub sensus subjecta sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 23, 74:

quod sub aurium mensuram aliquam cadat,

id. Or. 20, 67:

columbae Ipsa sub ora viri venere,

Verg. A. 6, 191:

quod sub oculos venit,

Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 6.—Rarely with verb of rest:

quidquid sub Noton et Borean hominum sumus,

Luc. 7, 364.—

Transf. (cf. supra, I. A. 2.), of lofty objects, to the foot of which, or into whose immediate neighborhood, any thing comes, or near to which it extends, under, below, beneath, to, near to, close to, up to, towards, etc.:

sub montem succedunt milites,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45:

sub ipsum murum fons aquae prorumpebat,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 41:

missi sunt sub muros,

Liv. 44, 45:

Judaei sub ipsos muros struxere aciem,

Tac. H. 5, 11; 3, 21:

aedes suas detulit sub Veliam,

Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54:

arat finem sub utrumque colonus,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 35:

jactatus amnis Ostia sub Tusci,

id. ib. 2, 2, 33:

(hostem) mediam ferit ense sub alvum,

Ov. M. 12, 389:

sub orientem secutus Armenios,

Flor. 3, 5.—

Of time, denoting a close approximation.

Before, towards, about, shortly before, up to, until:

Pompeius sub noctem naves solvit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 28; so,

sub noctem,

Verg. A. 1, 662; Hor. C. 1, 9, 19; id. S. 2, 1, 9; 2, 7, 109; id. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

sub vesperum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33; id. B. C. 1, 42:

sub lucem,

id. B. G. 7, 83; Verg. G. 1, 445:

sub lumina prima,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 33:

sub tempus edendi,

id. Ep. 1, 16, 22:

sub dies festos,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

sub galli cantum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 10:

usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem,

Verg. G. 1, 211:

simulacra Visa sub obscurum noctis,

id. ib. 1, 478:

prima vel autumni sub frigora,

id. ib. 2, 321:

quod (bellum) fuit sub recentem pacem,

Liv. 21, 2, 1.—

After, immediately after, just after, immediately upon:

sub eas (litteras) statim recitatae sunt tuae,

Cic. Fam. 10, 16, 1; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 4:

sub haec dicta omnes procubuerunt,

Liv. 7, 31:

sub adventum praetoris,

id. 23, 15, 1; 23, 16, 3; 45, 10, 10:

sub hanc vocem fremitus variantis multitudinis fuit,

id. 35, 31:

sub hoc erus inquit,

hereupon, Hor. S. 2, 8, 43.—

In other relations, in which a coming under any thing may be conceived:

lepide hoc succedit sub manus negotium,

comes to hand, convenient, Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 59:

sub manus succedere,

id. ib. 4, 4, 7; id. Pers. 4, 1, 2: sub manum submittere, at hand, convenient, Auct. B. Afr. 36, 1:

sub ictum venire,

Liv. 27, 18:

sub manum annuntiari,

Suet. Aug. 49 (al. sub manu; cf.

supra, I. C.): sub legum et judiciorum potestatem cadere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

sub populi Romani imperium dicionemque cadere,

id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

incolas sub potestatem Atheniensium redigere,

Nep. Milt. 1:

matrimonium vos sub legis superbissimae vincula conicitis,

Liv. 4, 4:

sub unum fortunae ictum totas vires regni cadere pati,

Curt. 3, 8, 2.—

In composition, the b remains unchanged before vowels and before b, d, j, l, n, s, t, v. Before m and r it is frequently, and before the remaining consonants, c, f, g, p, it is regularly assimilated. Yet here the MSS. vary, as in ob, ad, in, etc. Before some words commencing with c. p, t, it assumes the form sus, by the rejection of the b from a collateral form subs (analog. to abs); e. g. suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, sustuli, sustollo. Before s, with a following consonant, there remains merely su in the words suspicio, suspicor, suspiro; cf., however: substerno, substituo, substo, substruo al.; v. esp. Neue, Formenl. 2, 775 sqq.—

In composition, sub denotes,

Lit., a being situated or contained under, a putting or bringing under, or a going in under any thing: subaeratus, subcavus; subdo, subigo, subicio; subhaereo, subaperio; subedo.—

Hence, also, a concealing or being concealed behind something; a secret action: subnoto, surripio, suffuror, subausculto, suborno. —

Transf., a being placed or ranked under: subcenturio, subcurator, subcustos, etc.; or a being or doing any thing in a lower or inferior degree, a little, somewhat, rather, slightly: subabsurdus, subagrestis, subalbus, etc.; subaccusare, subirascor, etc.

tum, adv. demonstr., of time [pronom. demonstr. stems to-, ta-; Gr. to, seen in ita, tam, etc.; cf. quom or cum], then.

Referring to a time previously specified.

To a definite past time.

To a period of time in which something was or happened (opp. later periods) = illis temporibus:

is dictu'st ollis popularibus olim Qui tum vivebant homines,

Enn. Ann. v. 308 Vahl.:

quod tum erat res in pecore et locorum possessionibus, i. e. Romuli temporibus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 9, 16:

cum illi male dicerent, quod tum fieri licebat, i. e. Periclis temporibus,

id. de Or. 3, 34, 138:

erat omnino tum mos ut faciles essent in suum cuique tribuendo,

id. Brut. 21, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111:

vastae tum in his locis solitudines erant,

Liv. 1, 4, 6; 2, 6, 8; 3, 29, 3; 4, 6, 12; 42, 62, 11;

44, 9, 4: ut tum erant tempora,

Nep. Att. 1, 2; 12, 3; Liv. 1, 3, 3; 1, 8, 4; 2, 7, 4; 2, 9, 8; 2, 50, 2; 2, 63, 6;

39, 6, 7 and 9.—With illis temporibus: nam jam tum illis temporibus fortius... loquebantur quam pugnabant,

Nep. Thras. 2, 4.—

Referring to a point of time, then, at that time:

insigneita fere tum milia militum octo Duxit,

Enn. Ann. v. 336 Vahl.: ut jacui exsurgo;

ardere censui aedis: ita tum confulgebant,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 15:

jam duo restabant fata tum,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 35; id. Cist. 1, 3, 14: quot eras annos gnatus tum, quom, etc.? Me Septuennis, nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum, id. Men. 5, 9, 56; id. Merc. prol. 66; id. Most. 1, 2, 49; id. Am. 2, 1, 56; Ter. And. 1, 1, 82: sic igitur tum se levis ac diffusilis aether... undique flexit. Lucr. 5, 467; 5, 837; 5, 911; 5, 432;

5, 942: atque huic anno proximus Sulla consule et Pompejo fuit. Tum P. Sulpicii in tribunatu, cottidie contionantis, totum genus dicendi cognovimus,

Cic. Brut. 89, 306; id. Ac. 2, 22, 69:

scribit Eudemum Pheras venisse, quae erat urbs in Thessalia tum admodum nobilis,

id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Rep. 2, 37, 63:

hi tum in Asia rhetorum principes,

id. Brut. 91, 316; id. Sest. 11, 26; id. Planc. 37, 90; id. Quint. 61, 170; id. Fam. 9, 21, 2:

hoc tum veritus Caesar Pharum prehendit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

eodem anno a Campanis Cumae, quam Graeci tum urbem tenebant, capiuntur,

Liv. 4, 44, 13; 1, 7, 14; 2, 9, 5;

2, 37, 7: praetores tum duos Latium habebat,

id. 8, 3, 9:

Aemilius, cujus tum fasces erant, dictatorem dixit,

id. 8, 12, 13; 5, 8, 4; 22, 46, 6;

1, 7, 12: tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt,

Vell. 1, 8, 3:

tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum,

id. 2, 8, 3; Val. Max. 1, 5, 3; Tac. H. 4, 49; 3, 57:

non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit,

Curt. 3, 11, 5:

Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat,

Nep. Pelop. 3, 2; id. Phoc. 3, 3.—With in eo tempore: eum quem virile secus tum in eo tempore habebat, Asell. ap. Gell. 2, 13, 5.—Repeated by anaphora:

quae nox omnium temporum conjurationis acerrima fuit. Tum Catilinae dies exeundi, tum ceteris manendi condicio, tum descriptio... constituta est, tum tuus pater, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 18, 52; cf. Lucr. 5, 1377; 5, 1399.—

Esp., referring to a former state, implying that it no longer exists:

quaesivit ex lege illa Cornelia quae tum erat,

Cic. Clu. 20, 55:

cum sententias Oppianicus, quae tum erat potestas, palam ferri velle dixisset,

id. ib. 27, 75:

Caere, opulento tum oppido,

Liv. 1, 2, 3; 3, 52, 3:

praetores aerarii (nam tum a praetoribus tractabatur aerarium), etc.,

Tac. H. 4, 9.—

Expressly opposed to present time (hodie, nunc, hoc tempore, etc.; class. and very freq.; but in post-Aug. writers tunc is regularly used): prius non is eras qui eras;

nunc is factu's qui tum non eras,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 138:

tu nunc tibi Id laudi ducis quod tum fecisti inopia?

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 25; id. Hec. 3, 3, 48:

quae tabula, tum imperio tuo revulsa, nunc a me tamen reportata est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 112:

tum imperator populi Romani deos patrios reportabat, nunc praetor ejusdem populi eosdem illos deos... auferebat,

id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; 2, 5, 20, § 51; id. Clu. 31, 86; id. Planc. 9, 22; id. Quint. 22, 71; id. Phil. 14, 8, 21; id. Leg. 2, 22, 57; Caes. B. C. 3, 17; Liv. 5, 3, 5; 6, 15, 11; 10, 9, 6.—

Opposed to another time specified:

itaque tum eos exire jussit. Post autem e provincia litteras ad conlegium misit, se, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

itaque ut tum carere rege, sic pulso Tarquinio nomen regis audire non poterat,

id. Rep. 2, 30, 53; id. Mil. 21, 55:

sicut legatorum antea, ita tum novorum colonorum caede imbutis armis,

Liv. 4, 31, 7; 39, 22, 10; 9, 36, 1; 2, 52, 7; 4, 2, 10; 4, 57, 11;

21, 17, 1: et tum sicca, prius celeberrima fontibus, Ide,

Ov. M. 2, 218; Verg. A. 11, 33; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Ham. 11, 7.—

In the historians in applying general statements or truths to the state of affairs spoken of: communi enim fit vitio naturae ut invisis atque incognitis rebus... vehementius exterreamur;

ut tum accidit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 4; 3, 68; id. B. G. 7, 3; 2, 6; id. B. C. 1, 80:

foedera alia aliis legibus, ceterum eodem modo omnia fiunt. Tum ita factum accepimus,

Liv. 1, 24, 4; 1, 32, 14; 21, 31, 12.—

Denoting coincidence or inner connection with an action before mentioned = a temporal clause (tum = cum hoc fieret), then, on that occasion:

quis tum non ingemuit?

Cic. Vatin. 13, 31:

ne tum quidem hominum venustatem et facetias perspicere potuisti? i. e. cum coronam auream imponebant,

id. Fl. 31, 76: apud imperitos tum illa dicta sunt;

nunc agendum est subtilius,

id. Fin. 4, 27, 74:

itaque tum Stajenus condemnatus est,

i. e. in that trial, id. Clu. 36, 101; id. Sen. 7, 22:

M. Porcius Cato qui, asper ingenio, tum lenem mitemque senatorem egit,

Liv. 45, 25; Val. Max. 8, 3, 3:

sed tum supplicia dis... decernuntur,

Tac. A. 3, 64; 3, 72:

Graecia tum potuit Priamo quoque flenda videri,

Ov. M. 14, 474.—

With the occasion referred to specified in the same clause: Manlius... ex petulanti scurra in discordiis civitatis ad eam columnam tum suffragiis populi pervenerat,

Cic. Clu. 13, 39:

emisti tum in naufragio hujus urbis... tum, inquam, emisti ut, etc.,

id. Prov. Cons. 4, 7.—Repeated by anaphora: et Capitolinis injecit sedibus ignes. Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt, Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45;

so repeated seven times,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 62.—

Redundant, the time of the action being clear without it (esp. in Cic.):

atque hoc tum judicio facto... tamen Avitus Oppianicum reum statim non facit,

Cic. Clu. 20, 56:

itaque tum ille inopia et necessitate coactus ad Caepasios confugit,

id. ib. 20, 57; id. Brut. 23, 90; 39, 145; 43, 161; cf. id. Sull. 18, 51, where tum redundant occurs six times successively.—

In oblique discourse, referring to the time of the speaker, = nunc in direct discourse:

quando autem se, si tum non sint, pares hostibus fore?

if they were not now so, Liv. 3, 62, 1:

(dixit Sempronius)... nec tum agrum plebi, sed sibi invidiam quaeri,

id. 4, 44, 9; 4, 57, 4:

moenia eos tum transcendere non Italiae modo, sed etiam urbis Romanae,

id. 21, 35, 9; 5, 21, 7 (in this use nunc is also freq.).—

Referring to indefinite time.

Then, at such a time of the year, day, etc., at such a season:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo (after Lyra rises),

Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 12; 1, 35 fin.; Col. 11, 2, 87.—

With the force of an indefinite temporal clause, at such a time, in such circumstances, i. e. when such a thing happens as has happened:

qui (porci) a partu decimo die habentur puri, ab eo appellantur sacres, quod tum ad sacrificium idonei habentur primum,

Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 16; 2, 7, 13:

deinde cibum sequitur somnus... quia plurima tum se corpora conturbant (i. e. cum cibum ceperunt),

Lucr. 4, 957; 3, 599; 4, 892; 4, 919;

4, 1030: quam regionem cum superavit animus... finem altius se efferendi facit. Tum enim sui similem et levitatem et calorem adeptus... nullam in partem movetur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43; 1, 31, 75; 3, 23, 55; 4, 24, 54; Tac. Dial. 7.—

With the force of a conditional clause, then, in this instance, if so: immo res omnis relictas habeo prae quod tu velis. Ph. Tum tu igitur, qua causa missus es ad portum, id expedi (i. e. si ita est), Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 39; id. Most. 5, 1, 55; id. As. 1, 1, 93; 2, 2, 64; 3, 3, 36; id. Aul. 3, 6, 31; id. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 2, 78: non potitus essem;

fuisset tum illos mi aegre aliquot dies,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 7; id. Eun. 2, 2, 50; 5, 1, 23; id. Hec. 3, 5, 12:

ego C. Caesaris laudibus desim, quas, etc.? Tum hercule me confitear non judicium aliquod habuisse,

Cic. Planc. 39, 93: scribant aliquid Isocrateo more...;

tum illos existimabo non desperatione formidavisse genus hoc,

id. Or. 70, 235; id. Font. 21, 49 (17, 39); id. Tusc. 1, 35, 85; id. Fam. 9, 8, 2; Ov. H. 18 (19), 81: vellem tam ferax saeculum haberemus...;

tum ego te primus hortarer, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 4, 15, 8.—

Referring to future time.

To a definite time before mentioned:

ut sit satius perdere Quam aut nunc manere tam diu, aut tum persequi,

i. e. after my future return, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 27:

jam nunc mente prospicio quae tum studia hominum, qui concursus futuri sint,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 13, 42; id. Verr. 1, 13, 37; 1, 10, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 17; id. Marcell. 9, 30:

tum meae... Vocis accedet bona pars,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 45.—

With the force of a conditional clause (cf. 3. b, supra), then, in this instance, if so: specta, tum scies. Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 100; cf.:

quom videbis, tum scies,

id. ib. 1, 2, 37: tuom incendes genus;

Tum igitur aquae erit tibi cupido, etc.,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 50; id. Curc. 2, 3, 17:

confer sudantes, ructantes, refertos epulis... tum intelleges, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 100; id. Planc. 18, 45; id. Phil. 2, 45, 115:

agedum, dictatorem creemus... Pulset tum mihi lictorem qui sciet, etc.,

Liv. 2, 29, 12; Cic. Phil. 10, 3, 6; id. Or. 23, 78; 71, 235; Liv. 4, 22, 11; 5, 16, 10; 9, 11, 4.—

Referring to a time subsequent to a time mentioned, then, thereupon.

Simple sequence in time.

Time proper (only of an immediate sequence;

otherwise deinde, postea, etc., are used): tum cum corde suo divum pater atque hominum rex Effatur, etc.,

Enn. Ann. 179:

dico ei quo pactod eam viderim erilem nostram filiam sustollere. Extimuit tum illa,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 29; id. As. 4, 1, 58: tum ille egens forte adplicat Primum ad Chrysidis patrem se. Ter. And. 5, 4, 21; id. Eun. 3, 1, 17; Cato, R. R. 48 (49); 135 (136); so id. ib. 112 (113): equos quinto anno... amittere binos (dentes);

tum renascentes eis sexto anno impleri,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2 sq.: collo [p. 1909] cari jussit hominem in aureo lecto, abacosque complures ornavit... Tum ad mensam eximia forma pueros jussit consistere, eosque, etc., Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 61:

dixerat hoc ille, cum puer nuntiavit venire ad eum Laelium... Tum Scipio e cubiculo est egressus, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18; id. Div. 2, 66, 135; id. Clu. 14, 40; id. Cat. 3, 5, 10; id. Ac. 2, 5, 13; id. Div. 1, 35, 77:

hostes suos ab oppugnatione reduxerunt. Tum suo more conclamaverunt ut, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 26; cf. id. ib. 7, 64; 5, 43 fin.;

5, 48: adsurgentem ibi regem cuspide ad terram adfixit. Tum spolia caputque abscisum spiculo gerens... hostes fudit,

Liv. 4, 19, 5; 5, 21, 1; 1, 26, 9; 1, 18, 10; 1, 20, 1; 1, 22, 6; 1, 28, 4; 1, 28, 9; 2, 24, 4;

3, 8, 11, etc.: tum Caesar cum exercitu Thessaliam petit,

Vell. 2, 52, 1; Val. Max. 5, 1, 3; Curt. 4, 3, 7; Tac. A. 3, 28; 11, 35; id. H. 4, 84; Ov. M. 2, 122; 4, 80; 7, 121; 10, 481; 14, 386; Flor. 1, 13, 12; Gell. 1, 19, 5; 1, 23, 5.—

In partic., foll. by an abl. absol.:

tum, prope jam perculsis aliis tribunis, A. Verginius Caesoni capitis diem dicit,

Liv. 3, 11, 9; 8, 32, 1; 10, 29, 12:

tum omni spe perdita, Meherdates dolo ejus vincitur, traditurque victori,

Tac. A. 12, 15; 12, 16:

tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est,

Nep. Epam. 9, 4.—

Implying a connection between two events, hence, under these circumstances, accordingly, thereupon:

at pater omnipotens ira tum percitus acri... Phaethonta... Deturbavit in terram,

Lucr. 5, 399:

madefactum iri Graeciam sanguine... tum neque te ipsum non esse commotum, Marcumque Varronem et M. Catonem... vehementer esse perterritos,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 68; cf. id. ib. 1, 34, 76; Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf. id. ib. 5, 49; 5, 51;

7, 59: quippe quibus nec domi spes prolis, nec cum finitimis conubia essent. Tum ex consilio patrum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit,

Liv. 1, 9, 2; 3, 26, 1; 3, 31, 7; 4, 45, 7.—

Enumeration of a series of events; the co-ordinate clauses introduced by tum... tum, or primum (primo)... deinde... tum, etc.

Succession of time proper:

ducem Hannibali unum e concilio datum (a Jove), tum ei ducem illum praecepisse ne respiceret, illum autem respexisse, tum visam beluam vastam, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 24, 49; 1, 27, 57; 2, 28, 58 sq.:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; 5, 23, 65; id. Tusc. 5, 2, 5:

primum... deinde... tum... postremo,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 3; 3, 3, 6: primum colonos inde Romanos expulit: inde in Latinam viam transgressus, etc., inde Lavinium recepit; tum deinceps Corbionem, Vitelliam;

postremum, etc.,

Liv. 2, 39, 4:

primi consules sub jugum missi, tum ut quisque gradu proximus erat, tum deinceps singulae legiones,

id. 9, 6, 1:

primo... deinde... tum... tum,

id. 21, 22, 8; id. praef. 9; 3, 28, 8: 5, 39, 7;

23, 23, 6: deinde... deinde... Tum... post quas, etc.,

Curt. 3, 3, 24: primum... deinde... deinde... tum... postea, Masur. Gabin. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 5; Gai. Inst. 4, 60.—

So in partic.: tum (also hic, et;

not deinde or postea), to denote the succession of speakers in dialogue: immo duas dabo, inquit adulescens... Tum senex ille: Si vis, inquit, quattuor sane dato,

Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 46 dub.:

tum Piso... inquit, etc. Tum Quintus... inquit, etc. Hic ego... inquam, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Piso... inquit, etc. Et ille ridens... inquit, etc. Tum Piso exorsus est, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2 sqq.:

tum Atticus... inquit, etc. Tum ille... inquit, etc. Tum Brutus, etc. Tum ille, etc. Tum Atticus, etc. Tum Pomponius... inquit, etc.,

id. Brut. 3, 11 sqq., and through the whole treatise; cf. id. Ac. 1, 2, 4; 1, 3, 9; 1, 4, 13; 1, 12, 43 and 44; 2, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 15 sqq.; id. Rep. 1, 13, 19 sqq.; Liv. 7, 10, 2 sqq.; 23, 12, 8; Tac. Dial. 3; 15; 25; 42; Gell. 3, 1, 11 sqq.; 18, 1, 9 sqq.; Ov. M. 14, 594.—

Transf., of sequence or succession of thought, passing into mere co-ordination (v. C. 2. b, g), then... again... furthermore:

qui mi in cursu obstiterit, faxo vitae is obstiterit suae. Prius edico ne quis, etc. Tum pistores scrofipasci qui, etc. Tum piscatores.... Tum lanii autem qui, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 28; 4, 2, 34; 4, 2, 39: (res familiaris) primum bene parta sit, tum quam plurimis se utilem praebeat, deinde augeatur ratione, diligentia, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92; id. Ac. 2, 47, 146; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 68 sq.; 5, 40, 117; id. Ac. 2, 10, 30; id. de Or. 1, 42, 190; id. Cat. 4, 3, 5; id. Agr. 1, 2, 5; id. Clu. 2, 6; Liv. 3, 26, 11.—

Hence, as co-ordinating conjunction, introducing an additional assertion, or thought.

Alone, = praeterea, and then, besides, also, moreover, on the other hand (freq. in ante-class. style and in Cic.;

rare in Livy and post-Aug. prose): argenti aurique advexit multum, lanam purpuramque multam... tum Babylonica peristromata, etc.,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 3, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 10; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 71; 4, 8, 17; id. Ps. 3, 2, 78; id. Aul. 1, 2, 6; 1, 3, 16; id. Men. 5, 5, 41; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 1, 3, 15; 4, 2, 3; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; 1, 2, 21; 2, 3, 7; id. Eun. prol. 4; 5, 6, 15; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; Lucr. 4, 680; cf. id. 1, 494; 4, 1152:

magnum ingenium L. Luculli, magnumque optimarum artium studium, tum omnis ab eo percepta doctrina... caruit omnino rebus urbanis,

Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 1; 2, 14, 43; id. Div. 1, 24, 50; 1, 42, 94; id. de Or. 1, 46, 201; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fin. 1, 6, 21; 2, 16, 53; id. Leg. 1, 5, 17; 1, 9, 26; id. Rab. Post. 14, 40; id. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

altera ex parte Bellovaci instabant, alteram Camulogenus tenebat: tum legiones a praesidio interclusas maximum flumen distinebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 59; id. B. C. 3, 49: naves convenerunt duae Punicae quinqueremes;

duae ab Heraclea triremes... tum quinque Rhodiae quadriremes,

Liv. 42, 56, 6; 1, 40, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 4; Just. 5, 10, 3.—Sometimes connecting two terms of the same clause, with the force of cum... tum (v. infra, 3. d.):

quot me censes homines jam deverberasse, hospites tum civis?

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 14:

faciendum est igitur nobis ut... veteranorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque consensus... confirmetur,

Cic. Phil. 3, 3, 7; Liv. 28, 43, 1 (in co-ordination often with etiam, autem, and sometimes with praeterea and porro; v. III. infra).—

Tum as correlative of a preceding tum.

With an added assertion or thought: ita est haec hominum natio: voluptarii atque potatores, Tum sycophantae... plurimi In urbe habitant;

tum meretrices mulieres Nusquam perhibentur blandiores gentium,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 28; id. Mil. 3, 1, 100; 3, 1, 102.—

Tum... tum = nunc... nunc (modo... modo), sometimes... sometimes, now... now, at one time... at another (freq. in Cic., not in Caes., rare in Liv., and very rare in postAug. writers):

tum huc, tum illuc inretitos impedit piscis,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 17:

tum hoc mihi probabilius, tum illud videtur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 134:

mihi... tum hoc tum illud probabilius videtur,

id. Off. 3, 7, 33; so id. Am. 4, 13; id. Sen. 13, 45; id. Top. 7, 31; id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

(alvus) tum restringitur, tum relaxatur,

id. ib. 2, 54, 136; id. Rep. 3, 13 (14), 23; id. Leg. 2, 7, 16; id. Or. 63, 212; id. Sen. 3, 7; id. Inv. 1, 37, 66:

dictator tum appellare tum adhortari milites,

Liv. 8, 39, 4; Suet. Ner. 1; Gell. 1, 11, 15.—Tum may be repeated several times:

plerique propter voluptatem tum in morbos graves, tum in damna, tum in dedecora incurrunt,

Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 47; 3, 7, 26;

so three times,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 29; 1, 14, 37; 1, 15, 39; id. Inv. 1, 52, 98; id. Or. 3, 45, 177; id. Off. 1, 7, 22; id. Leg. 2, 17, 43; id. Top. 25, 96;

four times,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120; 2, 20, 52; 2, 39, 101; id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75;

five times,

id. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; 1, 41, 76; id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 94;

six times,

id. ib. 1, 53, 120;

seven times,

Quint. 9, 4, 133;

nine times,

Cic. N. D. 2, 50, 51.—And in chronological order (to be distinguished from the instances B. 2. a and g):

Atheniensium (rem publicam constituerunt) tum Theseus, tum Draco, tum Solo, tum Clisthenes, tum multi alii,

at different times, successively, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 2.—

Preceded or followed by other co-ordinate words (alias, modo, aliquando, aut... aut, nunc... nunc):

ex quo intellegitur qualis ille sit quem tum moderatum, alias modestum, tum temperantem, alias constantem continentemque dicimus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 36:

tum... tum... aliquando,

id. Div. 2, 2, 6:

tum... tum... aut... aut,

id. Or. 61, 204:

modo... tum autem,

id. N. D. 2, 40, 142:

nunc... nunc... tum... tum,

Flor. 1, 17, 5.—

Tum... tum = et... et, both... and, not only... but also, partly... partly, without regard to time, the second term being frequently strengthened by etiam (mostly post-Aug.):

Milo Compsam oppugnans, ictusque lapide tum Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit,

Vell. 2, 68, 3:

Muciam et Fulviam, tum a patre, tum a viro utramque inclitam,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 8:

Caesar Pompejo tum proprias, tum etiam filiae lacrimas reddidit,

id. 5, 1, 10; Quint. 7, 3, 18; Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 28; id. Clem. 1, 19, 2; Front. Aquaed. 1; Tac. A. 12, 33; Suet. Tit. 3; Nep. praef. 8;

and with etiam,

Val. Max. 2, 2, 8; 5, 9, 1; 7, 6 prooem.; Nep. Them. 2, 3.—

As correlative with a preceding cum, introducing particular after a universal or a stronger or more important assertion after a weaker or less important.

Connecting complete sentences with different predicates, cum... tum = as... so, while... (tum being not translated; ante-class. cum always with indic.; class. with subj. or indic.):

quom antehac te amavi, et mihi amicam esse crevi... tum id mihi hodie aperuisti,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 2; id. Truc. 4, 1, 6:

quom id mihi placebat, tum uno ore omnes omnia Bona dicere,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 69; id. Phorm. 1, 4, 10:

quae cum res tota ficta sit pueriliter, tum ne efficit quidem quod vult,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19; id. Tusc. 5, 39, 13; id. Fam. 13, 16, 1; and so with subj., id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Off. 3, 2, 5; id. Lael. 7, 23; id. Brut. 39, 145; 11, 250:

cum omnium rerum simulatio est vitiosa, tum amicitiae repugnat maxime,

id. Lael. 25, 91; id. Div. 2, 27, 58; and so with indic., id. Planc. 33, 80; id. Tull. 4, 8; id. Div. in Caecil. 20, 65; id. Sest. 1, 2; id. Fam. 16, 4, 4:

haec cum merito ejus fieri intellegebat, tum magni interesse arbitrabatur, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 4; 3, 16; id. B. C. 1, 58; Liv. 3, 34, 1; 4, 53, 4.—

Clauses with the same predicate, which is placed after the first clause (always with indic.):

nam mihi, cum multa eximie divineque videntur Athenae tuae peperisse, tum nihil melius illis mysteriis quibus, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 36; id. Tusc. 4, 18, 42; id. Phil. 2, 5, 12; Liv. 4, 46, 10; 6, 38, 10.—

Clauses with a common predicate placed before both co-ordinate terms, cum... tum = not only, but also; as... so especially:

visa est Arcesilae cum vera sententia, tum honesta et digna sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 77; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; 2, 35, 119; 3, 1, 3:

movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum auctor,

Liv. 9, 10, 1; 4, 57, 2; Suet. Ner. 46 init. —

With a common predicate after both co-ordinate terms:

quom virum tum uxorem, di vos perdant,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 103:

luxuria cum omni aetati turpis tum senectuti foedissima est,

Cic. Off. 1, 34, 123; id. Clu. 59, 161; id. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 86; id. N. D. 1, 21, 57; id. Deiot. 9, 26; id. Clu. 16, 46:

concitatos animos flecti quam frangi putabat cum tutius tum facilius esse,

Liv. 2, 23, 15; 6, 9, 8; 1, 57, 1; 10, 26, 13; Tac. Dial. 5.—With tum several times repeated:

quem pater moriens cum tutoribus et propinquis, tum legibus, tum aequitati magistratuum, tum judiciis vestris commendatum putavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 151; cf. esp. id. Planc. 40, 95. —

Tum, in this construction, is freq. strengthened,

By vero:

cum haec sunt videnda, tum vero illud est hominis magni, etc.,

in particular, Cic. Clu. 58, 159; id. Mur. 27, 55; id. Phil. 3, 5, 12; 7, 3, 9; cf. id. Or. 1, 23, 106; 3, 16, 60; Liv. 34, 39, 9; Quint. 12, 1, 25.—

By maxime, above all, most of all, especially, chiefly:

cum omnibus in rebus temeritas in adsentando turpis est, tum in eo loco maxime in quo ju dicandum est quantum, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 4, 7; id. Tusc. 4, 1, 1; 5, 12, 36; id. Rosc. Am. 25, 69:

cum infamia atque indignitas rei impediebat, tum maxime quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 56; Sall. J. 43, 5; Liv. 1, 8, 2; Suet. Claud. 30; Quint. 6, 1, 29.—

By praecipue, especially, chiefly, above all:

cum omnium sociorum provinciarumque rationem diligenter habere debetis, tum praecipue Siciliae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 2; id. Fam. 13, 11, 3:

fortuna quae plurimum potest cum in reliquis rebus, tum praecipue in bello,

Caes. B. C. 3, 68; Liv. 22, 43, 11; 1, 40, 3; Quint. 1, 1, 29; 1, 10, 13; 5, 10, 106; Plin. Ep. 4, 3, 2.—

By inprimis, chiefly, principally:

cum multa non probo, tum illud inprimis quod, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 18; id. Fam. 12, 22, 3.—

By cumprimis, chiefly, principally: quapropter bene cum superis de rebus habenda Nobis est ratio... tum cumprimis Unde anima atque animi constet [p. 1910] natura videndum, Lucr. 1, 131.—

By certe, especially, at least, assuredly:

at cum de plurimis eadem dicit, tum certe de maximis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 5, 13; id. Fam. 7, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 1, 10.—

By nimirum, assuredly, undoubtedly:

cum plurimas... commoditates amicitia contineat, tum illa nimirum praestat omnibus quod, etc.,

Cic. Am. 7, 23. —

By etiam, besides, as well:

cum omnes omnibus ex terris homines improbos audacesque collegerat, tum etiam multos fortes viros et bonos... tenebat,

Cic. Cael. 6, 14; id. Ac. 2, 10, 31; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:

quos tu cum memoriter, tum etiam erga nos amice et benevole collegisti,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

cum sua virtute, tum etiam alienis vitiis,

id. Leg. 23, 67; id. Fin. 2, 12, 38; id. N. D. 2, 37, 95; id. de Or. 3, 60, 225; Liv. 1, 21, 2; 7, 23, 6; 7, 32, 10; Val. Max. 7, 2, 3; 3, 2, 10; 9, 6, 3; Quint. 9, 1, 20; 9, 4, 143.—

By quoque, also, besides, as well:

cum potestas major, tum vir quoque potestati par hostes trans Anienem submovere,

Liv. 4, 17, 11; 1, 22, 2; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 72.—

By et, also, besides, too:

cujus mortem cum luctus civitatis, tum et dictaturae undecim insignem fecere,

Just. 19, 1, 7.—

By praeterea, moreover, besides:

dicimus C. Verrem cum multa libidinose fecerit, tum praeterea quadringentiens sestertium ex Sicilia abstulisse,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56.

Tum as correlative of dependent clauses (freq. in ante - class. writings and Cic., rare in post-Aug. writings).

With temporal clauses, introduced by cum, = at the time when, at a time when.

Referring to definite past time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

jam tum cum primum jussit me ad se arcessier, Roget quis, Quid tibi cum illa?

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 4; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 21:

qui (Hercules) tum dolore frangebatur cum immortalitatem ipsa morte quaerebat,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20:

bene apud majores nostros senatus tum cum florebat imperium decrevit ut, etc.,

id. Div. 1, 41, 91; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114; id. Div. 1, 17, 30; id. Verr. 2, 2, 66, § 160; id. Clu. 33, 89; id. Verr. 1, 2, 5; id. Brut. 2, 7; 23, 89; id. Off. 3, 27, 100; id. Agr. 2, 24, 64; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 3, 4, 11:

tum mittendos legatos fuisse cum Perseus Graecas urbes obsideret,

Liv. 45, 3, 7:

tum cum Vipereos sparsi... dentes,

Ov. M. 4, 572; id. H. 3, 23; Val. Max. 6, 1, 12.—After pluperf.:

nam tum cum in Asia res magnas permulti amiserant scimus Romae solutione impedita fidem concidisse,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 19; Val. Max. 3, 6, 1; 2, 8, 15 fin. —Tum inserted in the temporal clause:

cum Davo egomet vidi jurgantem ancillam... quom ibi me adesse neuter tum praesenserat,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 20.—

Tum, introducing the apodosis of the temporal clause (generally not transl. in Engl.).

Of coincident events, cum... tum = while: quom genui tum morituros scivi, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132 (Trag. Rel. v. 361 Vahl.); Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 18:

cum minime videbamur, tum maxime philosophabamur,

Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Cael. 26, 63; id. Phil. 3, 5, 13:

cum pavida mulier nullam opem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, etc.,

Liv. 1, 58, 3; 5, 11, 4. —

Tum = deinde, usu. after a pluperf.:

id cum Sulla fecisset, tum ante oppidum Nolam Samnitium castra cepit,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; id. Brut. 92, 319; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; 2, 3, 15; id. Fin. 1, 8, 26; id. Tusc. 4, 20, 45; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; 2, 2, 7; id. Rep. 2, 25, 47; Liv. 21, 11, 8; cf. id. 1, 26, 7; 23, 22, 4.—Inserted in the apodosis:

cum jam humanae opes egestae a Veis essent, amoliri tum deum dona,

Liv. 5, 22, 3.—

Referring to definite present time:

quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis. Cum enim miserum esse dicis, tum eum qui non sit, dicis esse,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12.—

Referring to indefinite time.

As antecedent of the clause, = at the time when, at a time when, whenever: hominum inmortalis est infamia;

etiam tum vivit quom esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28; id. As. 1, 3, 55; id. Merc. 3, 2, 7; Cato, R. R. 31:

nec sibi enim quisquam tum se vitamque requirit Cum pariter mens et corpus sopita quiescunt,

Lucr. 3, 919; 4, 444; 4, 455;

4, 1166: omnis praedictio mali tum probatur cum ad praedictionem cautio adjungitur,

Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; id. Fin. 2, 32, 104; id. N. D. 2, 3, 9: tum cum sine pondere suci Mobilibus ventis arida facta volant, Ov. H. 5, 109; Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44; 2, 27, 88; id. Fin. 4, 8, 20; id. Tusc. 3, 9, 20; 5, 26, 73; id. N. D. 1, 4, 9; id. Off. 1, 27, 93.—Tum maxime... cum plurimum = eo magis quo magis:

eam (partem animi) tum maxime vigere cum plurimum absit a corpore,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 70; so, cum maxime... tum maxime; v. b. a foll.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

As coincident:

quom amamus, tum perimus,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 94:

ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est,

Cato, R. R. 17; so id. ib. 155 (156):

cum ea quae quasi involuta fuerunt, aperti sunt, tum inventa dicuntur,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 26; id. Fin. 5, 10, 29; 1, 17, 57; id. N. D. 2, 52, 129; 1, 19, 49; id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 15.—Cum maxime... tum maxime = quo magis eo magis:

nam quom pugnabant maxume, ego tum fugiebam maxume,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 45:

quamobrem omnes, cum secundae res sunt maxume, tum maxume Meditari secum oportet, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 14, 30 poet. —

As subsequent:

ad legionem quom itum, adminiculum eis danunt tum jam aliquem cognatum suum,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 47:

eo cum accessit ratio argumentique conclusio... tum et perceptio eorum omnium apparet,

Cic. Ac. 2, 10, 30; 2, 41, 128; id. Fin. 5, 9, 24; 1, 20, 69; 5, 15, 41; id. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 1, 24, 58; 3, 2, 3; id. N. D. 2, 48, 123; id. Div. 2, 19, 44.—

Referring to future time.

Tum as antecedent of cum:

quom mi haec dicentur dicta, tum tu, furcifer, quasi mus in medio pariete vorsabere,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 51; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 20:

non committam ut tum haec res judicetur cum haec frequentia Roma discesserit,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54; id. Agr. 2, 17, 44; 2, 25, 67; id. Fin. 4, 22, 62; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Liv. 23, 13, 4; 41, 10, 7; Ov. M. 2, 651; id. H. 15, 293; Nep. Them. 6, 5.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

quom videbis, tum scies,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 37; 4, 6, 30:

de quo cum perpauca dixero, tum ad jus civile veniam,

Cic. Leg. 1, 12, 34; id. Clu. 2, 6; 4, 9; Liv. 3, 56, 10.—

With temporal clause, introduced by ubi.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

vitem novellam resecare tum erit tempus ubi valebit,

Cato, R. R. 33:

tum tu igitur demum id adulescenti aurum dabis, ubi erit locata virgo in matrimonium?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 52.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Referring to definite past time (tum always = deinde):

ubi eorum dolorem majorem quam ceterorum cognovi, tum meum animum in illos, tum mei consilii causam proposui, tum eos hortatus sum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; Sall. J. 94, 3:

ubi illuxit, et Romanis Punica et Gallica arma cognita, tum dubitationem exemere,

Liv. 25, 10, 5; 1, 9, 10; 4, 57, 3; 9, 43, 16; 21, 25, 12; 23, 11, 4.—

Referring to indefinite time:

post ubi tempust promissa jam perfici, Tum coacti necessario se aperiunt,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 8: Cato, R. R. 3 init.; 17:

ubi jam morbi se flexit causa... Tum quasi vaccillans primum consurgit,

Lucr. 3, 503; 6, 129; 6, 526.—

Referring to future time:

otium ubi erit, tum tibi operam ludo et deliciae dabo,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 13; id. Stich. 4, 2, 14:

ubi tu voles, Ubi tempus erit, sat habet si tum recipitur,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 32; Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 18; id. Bacch. 4, 3, 72; id. Pers. 4, 7, 19; id. Cas. 3, 2, 27:

ut ubi id interrogando argumentis firmavero, tum testes ad crimen accommodem,

Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:

ubi haerere jam aciem videris, tum terrorem equestrem infer,

Liv. 6, 12, 10; 22, 55, 8.—

With a temporal clause introduced by postquam.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

Flaminius qui ne quieto quidem hoste ipse quieturus erat, tum vero postquam res sociorum ante oculos prope suos ferri vidit, suum id dedecus ratus, etc.,

Liv. 22, 3, 7; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 (v. infra, III. A. 2. a. b).—

Tum introducing the apodosis (always = deinde).

Referring to definite past time:

posteaquam e portu piratae exierunt, tum coeperunt quaerere homines, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 100; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40 (al. tunc):

postquam satis virium collectum videbat, tum ex suis unum sciscitatum Romam ad patrem misit,

Liv. 1, 54, 5; 3, 66, 5; 6, 13, 4; 22, 48, 4; 25, 10, 6; Gell. 5, 3, 6.—

Referring to indefinite time: postquam vero commoditas quaedam... dicendi copiam consecuta est, tum ingenio freta malitia pervertere urbes adsuevit, Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 3.—

With a temporal clause introduced by ut.

Tum as antecedent of the clause (very rare):

tum vero ingentem gemitum dat Ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici... conspexit,

Verg. A. 1, 485; cf. id. ib. 12, 218.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of definite past time:

nam ut dudum adcurrimus ad Alcesimarchum... tum mi, puto, prae timore hic excidisse Cistellam,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 46:

sed ut intellectum est quantam vim haberet accurata... oratio, tum etiam magistri dicendi multi subito exstiterunt,

Cic. Brut. 8, 30; id. Phil. 9, 4, 9; Liv. 24, 44, 10; id. 21, 54, 9; 23, 34, 6.—

Referring to future time:

neque ut quaeque res delata ad nos erit, tum denique scrutari locos debemus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 146:

traditum esse ut quando aqua Albana abundasset, tum, si eam Romanus rite emisisset, victoriam de Vejentibus dari (= si quando),

Liv. 5, 15, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.—

With a temporal clause introduced by quando.

Tum as antecedent of the clause.

Of definite past time:

auctoritatem senatus exstare sentio, tum, quando Alexandro mortuo, legatos Tyrum misimus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 16, 41.—

Of future time:

at scire tum memento quando id quod voles habebis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 41; id. Mil. 3, 1, 213; id. Most. 3, 1, 136; id. Men. 5, 7, 57:

utinam tum essem natus quando Romani dona accipere coepissent,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 75.—

Tum introducing the apodosis.

Of indefinite time (quando = whenever):

quando esurio tum crepant (intestina),

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 27; id. Truc. 1, 1, 15; id. Ps. 4, 7, 85:

quando mulier dotem marito dabat, tum quae ex suis bonis retinebat reciperare dicebatur,

Gell. 17, 6, 6; 7 (6), 14, 4.—

Of future time:

at tu, quando habebis, tum dato,

Plaut. Men. 3, 3, 23:

quando ab eadem parte sol eodemque tempore iterum defecerit, tum signis omnibus ad principium revocatis, expletum annum habeto,

Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

quando mihi usus venerit, tum quaeram ex te atque discam,

Gell. 6 (7), 17, 4.—

In the apodosis after simul ac:

an simul ac nubes successere, ipse in eas tum Descendit (Juppiter), prope ut hinc teli determinet ictus?

Lucr. 6, 402.—

With a temporal clause introduced by dum.

Tum as antecedent:

sanctius visum est nomen Augusti, ut scilicet jam tum dum colit terras, ipso numine ac titulo consecretur,

Flor. 2, 33, 66 (4, 12, 66).—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

dum habeat, tum amet,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 23:

dum se glomerant... tum pondere turris Procubuit,

Verg. A. 9, 540.—

As antecedent of quamdiu:

qui cum tibi amicus non modo tum fuerit quamdiu tecum in provincia fuerit, verum etiam nunc sit cum, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58.—

Denoting a logical consequence after quando and cum:

quando ergo erga te benignus fui... tum te mihi benigne itidem addecet... referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 35:

cum magnus numerus deesset, tum iste homo nefarius in eorum locum... substituere coepit cives Romanos,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72.—

After relative clauses denoting time: qua tempestate Paris Helenam innuptis junxit nuptiis, Ego tum gravida expletis jam fere ad pariendum mensibus, Poet. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 219 (Trag. Rel. p. 246 Rib.).—

With conditional clauses.

With a conditional clause introduced by si, sin, ni (not nisi).

Tum as antecedent of clause:

tum pol ego interii, homo si ille abiit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 6; id. Men. 2, 2, 71; Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 40:

si tenuis causa est, tum etiam argumentandi tenue filum,

Cic. Or. 36, 124; id. Rep. 1, 40, 62; 2, 9, 15; id. Fin. 1, 19, 63; id. N. D. 1, 6, 13; id. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

tum vero ego nequiquam Capitolium servaverim si civem in servitutem duci videam,

Liv. 6, 14, 4; 3, 9, 11; 6, 14, 4; 7, 34, 14; Cato ap. Plin. 29, 1, 7, § 14; Gell. 2, 12, 1 sq.; 4, 13, 1; 14, 2, 21.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si triduum hoc hic erimus, tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 30; id. Rud. 5, 2, 59; 3, 4, 49; id. As. 1, 3, 89; id. Rud. 1, 3, 13; id. Ps. 4, 1, 1; 4, 1, 48 (39); Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 64; 3, 1, 17; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 19; Cato, R. R. 26; cf. id. ib. 27:

quod si, ut spero, cepero, tum vero litteras publice mittam,

Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 3; id. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf. id. Ac. 2, 10, 32; id. Fin. 2, 4, 79; id. N. D. 3, 36, 87; id. Rep. 1, 43, 66: id. [p. 1911] Rosc. Am. 49, 142:

si dimicandum erit, tum tu in novissimos te recipito,

Liv. 7, 40, 13; 8, 10, 12; Hor. S. 1, 2, 97; Ov. M. 7, 32.—

Esp., denoting the consequences of perjury in ancient formulas of oaths: si ego injuste illos homines dedier mihi exposco, tum patriae compotem me numquam siris esse,

Liv. 1, 32, 7; 1, 24, 8; 22, 53, 11; hence, quid si falles? Me. Tum Mercurius Sosiae iratus siet, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 239; 3, 2, 52; id. Aul. 4, 10, 50; cf. also Liv. 3, 64, 10.—

With a condition contrary to fact.

Tum, antecedent of clause:

tum esset ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,

Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; id. Verr. 2, 2, 68, § 164:

tum id audirem si tibi soli viveres,

id. Marcell. 8, 25; id. Fin. 4, 13, 33; id. Div. 2, 35, 73.—

Tum introducing the apodosis:

si quidem me amaret, tum istuc prodesset,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 56:

quodsi omnia nobis quae ad victum pertinent. suppeditarentur, tum optimo quisque ingenio, totum se in cognitione et scientia collocaret,

Cic. Off. 1, 44, 158. —

After an abl. absol.

With perfect participles (= postquam or cum... tum), mostly with denique, vero, demum.

Referring to definite past time:

ut morte ejus nuntiata tum denique bellum confectum arbitraretur,

Cic. Mur. 16, 34:

sed confecto proelio tum vero cerneres quanta vis animi fuisset in exercitu Catilinae,

Sall. C. 61, 1:

ita rebus divinis peractis tum de bello deque republica dictator rettulit,

Liv. 22, 11, 1; 2, 29, 1; 2, 29, 3; 3, 56, 1; 5, 50, 8; Plin. 11, 20, 22, § 68.—

Referring to indefinite time:

hisce omnibus rebus consideratis, tum denique id quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

Cic. Or. 2, 77, 315.—

Referring to future time (the abl. absol. = a fut. perf.):

ita prope XL. diebus interpositis tum denique se responsuros esse arbitrantur,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 31; 1, 18, 54; id. Fin. 4, 13, 32; id. Scaur. Fragm. 10, 22.—

With pres. participles (post-class.):

tacentibus cunctis, tum ipse (dixit), etc.,

Just. 12, 15, 6.

Particular connections.

With other particles of time.

Jam tum, already at that time, i. e. earlier than might be anticipated:

jam tum erat suspitio Dolo malo haec fieri,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 8; cf. id. ib. 4, 4, 58; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 34:

quippe etenim jam tum divom mortalia saecla Egregias animo facies vigilante videbant,

Lucr. 5, 1169; 5, 1037:

ut mihi jam tum divinasse ille (Romulus) videatur hanc urbem sedem aliquando summo esse imperio praebituram,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5, 10; 2, 7, 12; id. Div. 2, 57, 118; id. Tusc. 4, 2, 4:

jam tum in Palatio monte Lupercal hoc fuisse ludicrum ferunt,

Liv. 1, 5, 1; 1, 7, 16; 1, 41, 7; 10, 21, 14;

24, 49, 1: ut jam tum qualis futurus esset ostenderet,

Suet. Dom. 1; Curt. 4, 6, 29.—

Tum demum and tum denique, then only, then at length, then at last, not till then, i. e. later than might be expected, implying delayed action.

Tum demum.

In gen.:

adversisque in rebus noscere qui sit. Nam verae voces tum demum pectore ab imo Eiciuntur,

Lucr. 3, 58:

tum demum Liscus, oratione Caesaris adductus, quod antea tacuerat proponit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 5, 33; Sall. J. 46, 1:

nec ante in campum degressi sunt quam, etc. Tum demum castra Etruscorum pro moenibus Fidenarum posita,

Liv. 4, 17, 12; 45, 12, 6; 2, 20, 11; 5, 39, 2; 23, 19, 15 et saep.; Val. Max. 1, 6, 10; 1, 7, 4; Curt. 3, 12, 12; Tac. A. 3, 18; 3, 47.—

In partic., referring to clauses introduced by cum, ubi, si, or abl. absol. (v. II. A. B. L. M.), denoting absolute restriction to the terms of the clause:

imo etiam ubi expolivero, magis hoc tum demum dices,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 60:

tum demum mihi procax Academia videbitur si aut consenserint omnes, aut, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 1, 6, 13:

cum is Casilini eo die mansurum dixisset, tum demum cognitus est error,

Liv. 22, 13, 8; Vell. 2, 115, 4; Val. Max. 3, 8, 1 fin.; 7, 2, 4; Curt. 3, 11, 6; Plin. Ep. 8, 20, 7.—

Sometimes = nunc demum (anteclass.): victus es, Chaline. St. Tum nos demum vivere. Olympio. Gaudeo, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 65.—

Tum denique.

In gen.:

tum denique tauros in gregem redigo,

Varr. R. R. 2, 5:

injecta glaeba tumulus is (locus) ubi humatus est vocatur, ac tum denique multa religiosa jura complectitur,

Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 57; id. Fin. 3, 22, 76; id. Tusc. 3, 26, 61: nequiquam temptati ut tum denique desisterent impediendo bello, Liv. 4, 55, 5; Ov. M. 4, 519; 7, 857; 10, 664.—

Referring to clauses with cum, etc. (v. II. A. B. L. M.):

tum denique homines nostra intellegimus bona quom quae in potestate habuimus ea amisimus,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33:

quo cum venerimus, tum denique vivemus,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 31, 75; 3, 31, 75; id. Leg. 2, 4, 10; id. Rep. 1, 6, 11; so,

tum denique si,

id. Fam. 14, 2, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 10, § 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

indicandum primum fuisse, dein petendum praesidium, postremo ni impetraretur, tum denique querendum,

Liv. 23, 43, 2; Cato ap. Plin. 17, 18, 29, § 126 (for tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9, v. II. D. 2. a).—

Tum primum (rarely primo), then for the first time:

tum genus humanum primum mollescere coepit,

Lucr. 5, 1014:

ludorum gratia quos tum primum anniversarios in circo facere constituisset,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 12; id. Sen. 21, 78; Caes. B. G. 7, 11:

ponte sublicio tum primum in Tiberi facto,

Liv. 1, 33, 6; 2, 41, 3; 39, 22, 2; 2, 20, 6; 39, 49, 4; Vell. 2, 37, 5; Tac. A. 2, 27; id. H. 4, 57; Curt. 3, 12, 26. —

With deinde, hic, postea, with consecutive force emphatic.

Deinde tum (very rare):

primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,

Varr. L. L. 6, 6, 62.—

Tum deinde.

= tum demum or tum denique, then at length, not till then, then only:

nonne optime patronus occurrat prius conviciis luxuriae, etc., tum deinde narret de bonis Pallae? etc.,

Quint. 4, 2, 27; 12, 10, 11:

emam, aedificabo, credam, exigam, honores geram: tum deinde lassam senectutem in otium referam,

Sen. Ep. 101, 4; Plin. 16, 44, 95, § 251.—So corresp. with cum:

quas cum solus pertulisset, tum deinde comitia collegae subrogando habuit,

Liv. 2, 8, 3 (Weissenb. demum, by conj.); Col. R. R. 1, 6, 13. —

= an emphatic deinde: nam praetermisit quod in prima parte sumere debuit;

tum deinde eodem ipso quod omiserat quasi proposito ad confirmandum aliud utitur,

Gell. 2, 8, 3; 13, 24 (23), 1; Just. 2, 1, 19.—

With hic:

hic tum repente Pacilius quidam accedit, ait, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 94:

hic ego tum ad respondendum surrexi,

id. Clu. 18, 51; 27, 73:

hic tum injectus est hominibus scrupulus,

id. ib. 28, 76; id. Sest. 11, 25.—

Tum postea:

tum postea complorantibus nostris, dies quidem tandem inluxit,

Gell. 19, 1, 3; so id. 14, 3, 10 (for quid tum postea, v. D. 1.).—

With interim:

unum, alterum, tertium annum Sassia quiescebat... Tum interim, Q. Hortensio, Q. Metello coss.... despondet ei filiam suam,

Cic. Clu. 64, 179.—

With particles of emphasis.

Tum vero (sometimes tum enimvero or enimvero tum), then indeed, at that crisis, then if not before, etc., or merely = emphatic then, denoting either coincidence or sequence of action.

In gen.:

discedit a Melino Cluentia. Tum vero illa egregia mater palam exsultare... coepit,

Cic. Clu. 5, 14; 22, 61; id. Agr. 1, 1, 3; id. Verr. 2, 5, 41, § 107:

semper equidem magno cum metu incipio dicere... tum vero ita sum perturbatus ut, etc.,

id. Clu. 18, 51:

tum vero dubitandum non existimavit quin ad eos proficisceretur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8; 5, 37; id. B. C. 1, 82; 2, 42:

Aruns Tarquinius et Tullia minor... junguntur nuptiis. Tum vero in dies infestior Tulli senectus... coepit esse,

Liv. 1, 47, 1; 2, 22, 6; 4, 49, 13; 10, 19, 12; 21, 45, 9; 21, 58, 5; Ov. M. 2, 227; 7, 685; Curt. 4, 13, 1; 3, 11, 5; Tac. Agr. 37.—And in enumerations:

deinde... post autem... tum vero ipsam veterem Karthaginem vendunt,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—

As correlative of temporal or conditional clauses, and after abl. absol.:

quod ubi Romam est nuntiatum, senatui metum injecit ne tum vero sustineri nec in urbe seditio, nec in castris posset,

Liv. 5, 7, 4; Sall. J. 94, 3:

tum vero... si,

Cic. Fin. 1, 19, 63; Liv. 6, 14, 4 (v. II. M. 1. a, b).—With cum, Liv. 32, 12, 1:

quae postquam frustra temptata rogumque parari... vidit, Tum vero gemitus... Edidit,

Ov. M. 2, 621; Sall. J. 106, 6; 84, 1; id. Cat. 51, 40; v. C. 1. b. (so, tum vero denique after ut, Cic. Phil. 9, 4, 9; v. II. D. 2. and M. 1.).—

Tum quidem, at that time, thereupon, then at least (usu. opposed to a later time): dixit sibi in somnis visum esse, etc. Et tum quidem incolumis exercitum liberavit; post triennium autem devovit se, etc., Cic. Div. 1, 24, 51; so,

actum quidem,

id. Fl. 25, 59; id. Lael. 11, 39:

et tum quidem ab Dio Perseus in interiora regni recepit se... post dies paucos, etc.,

Liv. 42, 39, 1; 1, 57, 10; 3, 2, 10;

7, 17, 3.—Often in resuming the narrative after a digression: ac tum quidem regem... filium appellat,

Curt. 4, 7, 25.—Merely emphatic:

Duillio Cornelioque coss. etiam mari congredi ausus est. Tum quidem ipsa velocitas classis comparatae victoriae auspicium fuit,

Flor. 1, 18 (2, 2), 7; so id. 1, 22 (2, 6), 20; 1, 40 (3, 5), 12.—With cum, Tac. Dial. 11.—

Ne tum quidem, not even then:

num quis horum miser hodie? Ne tum quidem, post spiritum extremum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 37, 89; id. Div. 1, 26, 55; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, § 98:

ubi ne tum quidem eos prodire intellexit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50; 7, 53; Tac. H. 5, 21; Curt. 3, 2, 18.—With cum:

ille vere ne tum quidem miser cum ab Oroete in crucem actus est,

Cic. Fin. 5, 30, 92; so id. Tusc. 5, 20, 57; id. Verr. 2, 5, 23, § 59; Liv. praef. 12; 39, 39, 11.—

Tum maxime (sometimes tum cummaxime).

Especially at that time, chiefly then: illi sumposia, nos convivia quod tum maxime simul vivitur, Cic. Fam. 9, 24, 35; id. Leg. 2, 11, 26.—With cum:

quae quidem vis tum maxime cognita est cum... M. Cato, legem suadens, in Galbam multa dixit,

Cic. Brut. 23, 89; id. Sest. 21, 47; id. Par. 4, 1, 29.—

Just then, just at that moment (not ante-Aug.):

regi, tum maxime captivos ex Illyrico vendenti,

Liv. 43, 20, 3; 1, 10, 1:

per totam aciem vulgatum est, castra amissa esse, et tum cummaxime ardere,

id. 40, 32, 1; so,

tum cummaxime,

id. 43, 7, 8:

corpus enim suum a caupone trucidatum tum maxime plaustro ad portam ferri,

Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 10; 2, 10, 2; 3, 2, 2 fin.; Curt. 3, 4, 14; 6, 6, 10; Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154; Quint. 2, 15, 30; 2, 61, 31; Suet. Caes. 65; id. Calig. 53.—So with cum:

et quod tum maxime Abydum oppugnaret cum rex ab Attalo et Rhodiis ultro se bello lacessitum diceret,

Liv. 31, 18, 2; Sen. Ira, 1, 15, 2.—

Strengthening the co-ordinate tum after cum, so especially; v. I. C. 3. e. b (for cum maxime... tum maxime and tum maxime... cum plurimum, v. II. A. 3. a. b.).—

Tum potissimum = tum maxime, just then (rare):

C. Caesar... tum potissimum acie commissa impeditos religione hostes vicit,

Front. Strat. 2, 1, 16.—

Etiam tum.

Even then:

etiam tum vivit cum esse credas mortuam,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 28:

totum se Servilio etiam tum tradidit,

even then, at so late a time, Cic. Sest. 62, 130:

etiam tum cum verisimile erit,

id. Rosc. Am. 20, 57.— So with cum, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; id. Dom. 13, 23; id. Sest. 38, 81.—

Still, as yet (also as one word; cf. etiamtum, and v. the foll. additional passages), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 19, § 41; id. Fin. 3, 14, 48; id. Rep. 2, 12, 24; id. Arch. 3, 5; id. de Or. 2, 3, 12; id. Brut. 20, 80; id. Off. 2, 14, 47; Caes. B. C. 3, 93; Liv. 5, 40, 10; Val. Max. 9, 6, 3; Tac. A. 3, 72; Suet. Claud. 27 fin.; id. Dom. 22.—

And with a negation, = nondum: ipsa ego non longos etiam tum scissa capillos,

not yet long, Ov. H. 8, 79.—

Tum etiam.

Followed by si or cum, even if, even when:

atque equidem filium Tum etiam si nolit, cogam,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 65:

qui tum etiam cum... circumfusi erant caligine,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 45.—

Then also, then too, besides:

tum etiam illud cogitatote, sic vivere Cornelium ut, etc.,

Cic. Balb. 28, 65; id. N. D. 1, 16, 43; so id. Leg. 1, 13, 35; id. Fin. 2, 16, 53; Col. 12 praef.—

Tum quoque.

Also then, then likewise, then as before, then as on another occasion mentioned before: ceu lapidem si Percutiat lapis aut ferrum;

nam tum quoque lumen Exsilit,

Lucr. 6, 162:

tum quoque homini plus tribui quam nescio cui necessitati,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 11, 28:

tum quoque multis milibus Latinorum in civitatem acceptis,

Liv. 1, 33, 5; 2, 52, 2; 21, 22, 4; Caes. B. C. 3, 37; Ov. M. 14, 369.—

Even then, = etiam tum (rare):

et tamen tum quoque se absentes triumphare credunt,

Liv. 45, 38, 13; 39, 41, 3; 39, 47, 11; Ov. H. 17 (18), 190.—

In orat. obliq. (v. I. A. 2.), even now:

quod si Romani tum quoque aequa aspernarentur,

Liv. 42, 62, 7. —

= sic quoque, even under the circumstances, even as it was, etc. (v. sic, V. 3.): ut si effugium patuisset in publicum, impleturae urbem tumultu fuerint. Tum quoque [p. 1912] aliquotiens integro corpore evaserunt, Liv. 24, 26, 13; 40, 16, 6; 43, 4, 1;

9, 13, 9: tum quoque, amputata dextra, navem sinistra comprehendit,

Just. 2, 9, 18.—

Tum ipsum = eo ipso tempore, at the very time, just then, even then (only in Cic. in four passages; cf.:

nunc ipsum): tota igitur ratio talium largitionum vitiosa est, temporibus necessaria, et tum ipsum... moderanda est,

Cic. Off. 2, 17, 60:

quem quidem cum sua voluntate ex patria Karthaginem revertisset, tum ipsum cum vigiliis et fame cruciaretur, clamat virtus beatiorem fuisse quam Thorium,

id. Fin. 2, 20, 65 Madv. ad loc.:

tum ipsum cum immolare velis extorum fieri mutatio potest,

id. Div. 1, 52, 118:

ita (oratores), non injuria, quotienscunque dicerent, id quod aliquando posset accidere, ne tum ipsum accideret, timere,

id. Or. 1, 27, 123.—

Tum with co-ordinating particles.

Tum autem.

= praeterea, and then, besides (v. I. C. 1.): turpilucricupidum te vocant cives tui;

tum autem sunt alii qui te volturium vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 64:

oves scabrae sunt... Tum autem Surorum nemo exstat qui ibi sex menses vixerit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 141; id. Mil. 4, 2, 13; id. Pers. 4, 2, 3; id. Poen. 5, 5, 34; 5, 7, 22; Ter. And. 1, 5, 34; id. Eun. 5, 9, 7; id. Hec. 2, 1, 14; 3, 2, 10:

tum autem qui non ipso honesto movemur... callidi sumus, non boni,

Cic. Leg. 1, 14, 41; id. Or. 1, 58, 247; 2, 19, 80.—

= tum... tum:

visne igitur inter hos populos inambulantes, tum autem residentes quaeramus eisdem de rebus?

Cic. Leg. 1, 5, 15.—

= eo tempore, with autem as connective:

tum illic autem Lemnius... uxorem duxit, etc.,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 25:

tum autem ex omnibus montibus nives proluit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 48.—

But in this instance:

uxori emunda ancilla'st: tum autem pluscula Supellectile opus est,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 60; 5, 7, 25 sq.—

For tum etiam, v. B. 7. b.—

Tum praeterea:

nam tui similis est probe. Tum praeterea talem, nisi tu, nulla pareret filium,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 20; so id. Ad. 3, 2, 47; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 33; Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56 (v. I. C. 3. e. l).—

Tum porro:

tum porro venti magnam quoque tollere partem Umoris possunt,

Lucr. 6, 623; 4, 829 (827).—

Quid tum?

In dialogue, what then? what next? what further? novi ego hos pugnos meos. Ca. Quid tum? Th. Quid tum? Rogitas? Hisce ego, si tu me inritaveris, placidum te hodie reddam, Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 49; so id. As. 2, 2, 83; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 47; 3, 5, 66; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 8.—And strengthened:

quid tum postea?

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; id. As. 2, 2, 68; 2, 2, 79; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 78; 4, 2, 9; 4, 7, 23; id. Ad. 4, 5, 15; id. Hec. 4, 1, 36: videsne abundare me otio? A. Quid tum? Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 26.—

In imitation of a dialogue:

at mulctantur bonis exsules. Quid tum? Parumne multa de toleranda paupertate dicuntur?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 37, 107; so id. Quint. 22, 72; 27, 84; id. Verr. 2, 4, 59, § 132; id. Dom. 47, 123; id. Dejot. 7, 22; id. Phil. 1, 10, 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 230.—

As emphatic co-ordinative in quoting the different items of a document, law, etc.: quive in senatu sententiam dixit, dixerit. Quid tum? Qui eorum coiit, coierit, etc., what next? i. e. and then, listen! Cic. Clu. 54, 148; so id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 3, 3, 11; id. Mur. 12, 26; id. Fl. 23, 55.—

Tum temporis = eo tempore (post class. and rare; cf.:

tunc temporis): postera die civitas principem suum, ac tum temporis consulem in foro expectabat,

Just. 31, 2, 6.