superintendent

prae-fĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3, v. a. [facio], to set over any thing (as officer, superintendent, leader, etc.), to place in authority over, place at the head, appoint to the command of.

Lit. (freq. and class.; cf.:

praepono, praefero): te cum securi caudicali praeficio provinciae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 25:

praefeci rure recte qui curet tamen,

id. Cas. 1, 1, 17:

aliquem pecori,

Cic. Planc. 25, 62:

certum magistratum alicui procurationi,

id. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

imperatorem bello,

id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49:

tantis rebus,

id. ib. 10, 27:

legatos legionibus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 24:

pontifices sacris,

Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

aliquem sacerdotio Neptuni,

Plin. 9, 8, 8, § 27:

libertos rationibus, libellis et epistulis,

Tac. A. 6, 8:

aliquem provinciae,

id. ib. 13, 46;

2, 4: aliquem classi,

Nep. Milt. 4, 1; Liv. 35, 42 et saep.:

lucis Avernis,

Verg. A. 6, 118:

Juno sacris praefecta maritis,

Ov. H. 12, 87:

in eo exercitu inimici mei fratrem praefecerat,

had given him a command, Cic. Sest. 18, 41. —

Trop., to set over, etc. (rare): nec locus nec materia invenitur, cui divinationem praeficere possimus, Cic. Div. 2, 4, 12. —Hence, as subst.: praefectus, i, m., an overseer, director, president, chief, commander, prefect.

In gen.:

gumnasi praefecto poenas pendere,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 22:

villae,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17 fin.:

tu (censor) es praefectus moribus,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129; cf.:

praefectus morum,

Nep. Hamilc. 3, 2:

nec vero mulieribus praefectus praeponatur,

Cic. Rep. 4, 6, 16 (Non. 499, 13); cf. Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 30:

cum praefectus custodum quaesisset, etc.,

Nep. Eum. 11, 1:

his utitur quasi praefectis libidinum suarum,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 6, 15.—

In partic., as a title of particular civil or military officers, a president, superintendent, commander, governor, etc.:

praefectus aerarii or aerario,

a treasurer, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 2; id. Pan. 92; Gell. 13, 24, 30; Capitol. Gord. 4: annonae, a superintendent of grain or of the markets, Tac. A. 11, 31; Inscr. Orell. 1084; 1186; 1091;

3169: castrorum or castris,

an officer who attended to the pitching of the camp and all matters connected therewith, a quartermaster, Vell. 2, 112, 6; 119, 4; 120, 4; Tac. A. 14, 37; 1, 20; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 10:

classis,

an admiral, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89; Liv. 26, 48; 36, 20; 42; Flor. 3, 7; afterwards also for a captain of a ship, Tac. H. 3, 12; Veg. Mil. 4, 32; Inscr. Orell. 3596;

who was formerly called praefectus navis: dextrum cornu praefectos navium ad terram explicare jubet,

Liv. 36, 44; Flor. 2, 5: fabrūm, in the army, a superintendent of the military engines, chief engineer, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Nep. Att. 12, 4; Vell. 2, 76, 1; Plin. 36, 6, 7, § 48; Inscr. Orell. 4906;

in the free towns and colonies,

a superintendent of public works, ib. 516: equitum, a commander of the cavalry, as we say, a colonel or general of cavalry, Hirt. B. G. 8, 12; Vell. 2, 24, 1;

called also simply praefectus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 3, 7; Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 7; cf.

cohortium,

Sall. J. 46, 7: legionis, in the time of the emperors, the same that was previously called legatus legionis, a commander of the legion, i. q. our colonel, Tac. H. 1, 82; Suet. Claud. 12; id. Galb. 11; 14; id. Calig. 56; id. Ner. 21; Inscr. Grut. 465, 2; cf. Veg. Mil. 2, 9:

praefectus regis or regius,

a commander-in-chief, generalissimo, Liv. 36, 11; Sall. J. 46, 5; Nep. Alcib. 5, 2; id. Ages. 2, 3; cf. Flor. 3, 5; 11:

praefectus praetorio and praetorii, in the time of the emperors,

a commander of the imperial body - guard, pretorian prefect, Tac. A. 1, 24; id. H. 1, 13; 19; Dig. 1, 11 et saep.; in later times, a governor of a province of the Roman empire: praefectus urbi or urbis, governor of the city of Rome, in the times of the republic, appointed only to represent the consul during the latter's absence; under the emperors, a perpetual office with a particular jurisdiction, Varr. ap. Gell. 14, 7; Tac. A. 6, 10; 11; Plin. 11, 38, 90, § 223; Suet. Aug. 33; Inscr. Orell. 3153 sq.:

vigilum or vigilibus,

a captain of the watch, Dig. 1, 15, 3; 47, 2, 58; Inscr. Orell. 801; 1088; 1929:

Aegypti,

the governor of the province of Egypt, Suet. Aug. 18; 66; id. Vesp. 6; Dig. 1, 17; Inscr. Orell. 709; 3651; so,

Lydiae, Ioniae, totiusque Phrygiae,

Nep. Dat. 2, 5:

Alpium,

Plin. 10, 48, 68, § 134; Inscr. Grut. 287, 7.

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măgister, tri (old orthog., ‡ magester, like ‡ leber, ‡ Menerva, for liber, Minerva, acc. to Quint. 1, 4, 17), m. [a double comparative in form, from magis, and comparative ending -ter; cf.: minister, sinister], a master, chief, head, superior, director, president, leader, commander, conductor, etc.:

quibus praecipua cura rerum incumbit, et qui magis quam ceteri diligentiam et sollicitudinem rebus, quibus praesunt, debent, hi magistri appellantur,

Dig. 50, 16, 57.

Lit.

In gen., the dictator in the earliest times was called magister populi, the chief of the people:

in Magistro populi faciendo, qui vulgo dictator appellatur... qui primus Magister a populo creatus est, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. optima lex, p. 198 Müll.: (sapiens) rectius appellabitur rex quam Tarquinius, qui nec se nec suos regere potuit: rectius magister populi (is enim dictator est) quam Sulla, qui trium pestiferorum vitiorum, luxuriae, avaritiae, crudelitatis magister fuit,

Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 75; cf.

also below the passage,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

dictator quidem ab eo appellatur, quia dicitur: sed in nostris libris (sc. auguralibus) vides eum magistrum populi appellari,

id. Rep. 1, 40, 63 Creuz.; cf.

, with reference to this passage,

Sen. Ep. 108, 31:

Larcum moderatorem et magistrum consulibus appositum,

Liv. 2, 18, 5.—Magister equitum, the chief of the cavalry, appointed by the dictator:

magister equitum, quod summa potestas hujus in equites et accensos, ut est summa populi dictator, a quo is quoque magister populi appellatus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.:

dictator magistrum equitum dicit L. Tarquitium,

Liv. 3, 27; 7, 21 fin.;

23, 11: fumosi equitum magistri,

in a family tree, Juv. 8, 8.—So, magister peditum (analogous to magister equitum), chief of the infantry, Amm. 21, 12, 16. —The censor is called magister morum, master of morals, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 2:

magister sacrorum,

the chief priest, Liv. 39, 18 fin.; v. Drak. ad loc.; so,

PVBLICVS SACRORVM (or SACERDOTVM),

Inscr. Orell. 2351:

FRATRVM ARVALIVM,

ib. 2426:

SALIORVM,

ib. 2247; 2419:

LARVM AVGVSTI,

ib. 1661 et saep.:

curiae,

the overseer of a curia, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 29: vici, the overseer of a quarter or ward, Suet. Aug. 30:

chori canentium,

a head-chorister, leader of a choir, Col. 12, 2:

officiorum and operarum,

a superintendent, bailiff, id. 1, 18:

scripturae and in scripturā,

a director of a company of farmers-general, Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3; id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; cf.: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, i. e. has performed the functions of a magister, was vice-director, id. Att. 11, 10, 1:

quaesivi, qui per eos annos magistri illius societatis fuissent,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

P. Rupilius, qui est magister in ea societate,

id. Fam. 13, 9, 2:

maximarum societatum auctor, plurimarum magister,

id. Planc. 13, 32:

pecoris,

a chief herdsman, Varr. R. R. 2, 10; cf. Verg. G. 3, 445:

elephanti,

conductor, Sil. 4, 616:

auctionis,

the director, superintendent, conductor of an auction, Cic. Quint. 15, 50; cf.:

is quem putabant magistrum fore, si bona venirent,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3; 6, 1, 15; an officer charged with distributing money among the people, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 3.—Law t. t., an agent or assignee to dispose of a debtor's goods:

praetor jubet convenire creditores, et ex eo numero magistrum creari, id est eum per quem bona veneant,

Gai. Inst. 3, 79: convivii, the master or president of a feast, Varr. L. L. 5, § 122 Müll.; App. Mag. p. 336, 11: navis, the master or captain of a ship, Dig. 14, 1, 1; Gai. Inst. 4, 71;

so without navis,

Juv. 12, 79:

gubernatores et magistri navium,

Liv. 29, 25, 7; 45, 42, 3; the steersman, pilot:

ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister,

Verg. A. 5, 176; 1, 115; 6, 353; Val. Fl. 1, 18; 1, 382; Luc. 2, 696; Sil. 4, 719:

samnitium,

i. e. of the gladiators, a fencing-master, Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 86:

magistri tabernae,

innkeepers, Paul. Sent. 2, 8, 3.—In inscrr. are found also: fani, horreorum, collegii, memoriae, munerum, Augustalis, admissionum, epistolarum, libellorum, etc.; likewise: a bibliothecā, ab marmoribus, etc.—

In partic.

A teacher, instructor, Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 8:

pueri apud magistros exercentur,

id. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

artium lberalium magistri,

id. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.:

virtutis magistri,

id. Mur. 31, 65; id. N. D. 1, 26, 72:

rarum ac memorabile magni Gutturis exemplum conducendusque magister,

Juv. 2, 114.— Transf., of inanim. things:

magister mihi exercitor animus nunc est,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 4; id. Curc. 2, 2, 8:

stilus optimus dicendi effector ac magister,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; Pers. prol. 10:

timor, non diuturnus magister officii,

Cic. Phil. 2, 36, 90.—

An educator of children, a tutor, pedagogue:

senes me filiis relinquunt quasi magistrum,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 21:

docendis publice juvenibus magister,

Gell. 19, 9, 2. —

A master, owner, keeper:

trepidumque magistrum In cavea magno fremitu leo tollet alumnus,

Juv. 14, 246.—

A master of his art, professor:

a tonsore magistro Pecteris,

Juv. 6, 26.—

Trop., an adviser, instigator, author of any thing (very rare):

si quis magistrum cepit ad eam rem improbum,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 21:

magister ad despoliandum Dianae templum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 54.—As adj.:

rituque magistro Plurima Niliacis tradant mendacia biblis,

Sedul. 1, 15.

prae-pōno, pŏsui, pŏsĭtum, 3 (old perf. praeposivi, Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 11.—Sync. form praepostus, Lucr. 6, 999), v. a., to put or set before, to place first (syn.: praefero, praeficio).

Lit.

In gen.:

versus, in primā fronte libelli,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 33:

praeponens ultima primis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 59; Cic. Att. 7, 3, 10:

oportet, ut aedibus ac templis vestibula et aditus, sic causis principia proportione rerum praeponere,

id. de Or. 2, 79, 320:

de quā priusquam respondeo, pauca praeponam,

I will first make a few observations, id. Fam. 11, 27, 1.—

In partic., to place or set over as chief, commander, or superintendent, to place at the head of, intrust with the charge or command of; to appoint or depute as:

unum illum ex omnibus delegistis, quem bello praedonum praeponeretis,

to appoint commander in the war, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63:

hibernis Labienum praeposuit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54:

sinistro cornu Antonium praeposuerat,

id. B. C. 3, 89:

aliquem provinciae,

to appoint as governor, Cic. Fam. 2, 15, 4:

negotio,

to charge with the management of an affair, id. ib. 15, 4, 10:

navibus,

to appoint admiral, id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 101:

vectigalibus,

to appoint minister of finance, Tac. A. 15, 18:

Bibulus toti officio maritimo praepositus,

superintendent of all maritime affairs, Caes. B. C. 3, 5:

praepositus cubiculo,

chamberlain, Suet. Dom. 16:

sacerdos oraculo praeposita,

that presides over, Cic. Div. 1, 34, 76:

aliquem custodem alicui loco,

to appoint keeper of a place, Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 67:

illum exercitibus,

Juv. 10, 92.—

To place or set upon:

fronti praeponere olivam,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 7 (cf.: [p. 1426] comis praetexere frondes, Sen. Med. 70).—

Trop., to set before or above, to prefer:

lucrum praeposivi sopori et quieti,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 2, 11:

se alteri,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 38; id. Eun. 1, 2, 59:

salutem rei publicae vitae suae,

Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15:

amicitiam patriae,

id. Rab. Perd. 8, 23:

necessaria gloriosis,

Vell. 2, 110, 3:

multum mihi praestat, si me Mazaeo generum praeponit,

Curt. 4, 11, 20:

Prochytam Suburrae,

Juv. 3, 5.—Hence, praepŏsĭtus, a, um, P. a.—As subst.

praepŏsĭtus, i, m., a prefect, president, head, chief, overseer, director, commander:

legatorum tuorum,

Cic. Pis. 36, 88; Tac. H. 1, 36:

quod (milites) praepositos suos occiderant,

Suet. Oth. 1: rerum curae Caesaris, director, S. C. ap. Plin. Ep. 8, 6, 13:

aquarum,

water-inspector, Front. Aquaed. 17; 100; 117:

cubiculi,

a chamberlain, Amm. 14, 10, 5.—Of the governor of a province; with dat.:

Illyrico, Dalmatiae, etc.,

Vell. 2, 112, 2; 2, 116, 2; absol., Suet. Galb. 12; 16; id. Oth. 1 al.; Vulg. Act. 7, 10.—

praepŏsĭta, ae, f. (eccl. Lat.), a prioress or abbess, Aug. Civ. Dei, 21, 8; id. Ep. 211.—

With the Stoics, praepŏsĭta, ōrum, n., for the Gr. proêgmena, preferable or advantageous things, but which are not to be called absolutely good; such as wealth, beauty, etc. (class.): ista bona non dico, sed dicam Graece proêgmena, Latine autem producta:

sed praeposita, aut praecipua malo,

Cic. Fin. 4, 26, 72 sq.:

bonum negas esse divitias, praepositum esse dicis,

id. ib. 4, 26, 73; cf.

also,

id. ib. 3, 16, 52; 54.

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