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21 mass
̈ɪmæs I сущ. литургия, месса( у католиков), обедня( у православных) to celebrate, offer, say mass ≈ служить обедню to attend mass ≈ ходить к обедне high mass, solemn mass ≈ торжественная месса (месса с участием дьякона, сопровождаемая курением ладана и пением) low mass ≈ малая месса (без музыки, в противоп. торжественной) requiem mass ≈ заупокойная месса votive mass ≈ месса, исполненная по обету Syn: liturgy II
1. сущ.
1) масса а) густая смесь a mass of clay ≈ глиняная масса a mass of metal ≈ металлическая масса shapeless mass ≈ бесформенная масса sticky mass ≈ клейкая масса plastic mass ≈ пластмасса б) нечто большое land mass ≈ земля, континент, суша dense mass (of smoke) ≈ плотная завеса( дыма) A large gray, indistinct mass stretched all along from east to west. ≈ Большая серая смутная масса протянулась с востока на запад.
2) масса, множество, большое количество There were masses of camellias and azaleas. ≈ Там было огромное количество камелий и азалий. There is a mass of letters on my table this morning. ≈ Сегодня на моем столе груда писем. a mass of information ≈ масса информации He is a mass of bruises. ≈ Он весь в синяках. in the mass ≈ в целом Syn: pile I
1., bulk
1., great amount
3) большинство, большая часть( чего-л.) The great mass of the people had no part in the election of representatives. ≈ Большая часть населения не принимает участия в выборах представителей.
4) (the masses) мн. народные массы
5) воен. сосредоточение, скопление mass of manoeuvre ≈ маневренный кулак;
ударная группа
6) физ. масса atomic mass ≈ атомная масса critical mass ≈ критическая масса
2. прил.
1) массовый, широкий, многочисленный mass demonstration ≈ многочисленная демонстрация mass education ≈ всеобщее образование mass production ≈ массовое, поточное, серийное производство mass media ≈ средства массовой информации
2) общий, рассматриваемый в целом the mass effect of a design ≈ общий эффект проекта Syn: total
2.
3. гл.
1) а) собирать в кучу б) собираться в кучу, скапливаться The great bands of caribou massed up on the edge of the woods. ≈ Большие стада карибу собрались на опушке леса. The weather had somewhat lightened, and the clouds massed in squadron. (Stevenson) ≈ Погода несколько прояснилась, и облака сбились в эскадрон.
2) воен. массировать, сосредоточивать troops massed on the border ≈ войска, сосредоточенные на границе месса, литургия (у католиков) ;
обедня - high * торжественная месса, обедня с пением - low * обедня без пения - pastoral * рождественская месса - M. for the Dead реквием, заупокойная месса - to say * (for smb.'s soul) служить обедню (за упокой чьей-л. души) - to go to * идти к обедне (редкое) служить обедню (редкое) присутствовать на обедне масса - a * of clay глиняная масса - a solid * of earth сплошная /плотная/ масса земли - to mix flour and water until you get a uniform * смешивать муку и воду до получения однородной массы - the ship cut its way slowly through a * /*es/ of ice корабль медленно прокладывал путь через сплошную массу льда куча, груда;
глыба - a * of rock каменная глыба;
груда /куча/ камня - a * of snow сугроб тж. pl масса, множество, большое количество;
куча - a * of flowers масса /множество, изобилие/ цветов - a * of things масса /множество/ вещей - *es of people (разговорное) масса народу - a * of evidence множество /большое количество/ свидетельских показаний - he gave me a * of useless information он сообщил мне массу /кучу/ бесполезных сведений - there's *es of food (разговорное) полно еды скопление - a * of traffic скопление машин;
сплошной поток автомобилей - to gather in *es скапливаться большинство, большая часть - the (great) * of the people (огромное) большинство народа /людей/ - the * of the division( военное) главные силы дивизии (the *es) pl народные массы - to improve the living conditions of the *es улучшить условия жизни /поднять жизненный уровень/ простого народа - Shakespeare for the *es Шекспир, изданный в серии народной библиотеки;
дешевое издание Шекспира (доступное всем) (военное) массирование;
сосредоточение - a * of fire сосредочение огня линия колонн на сомкнутых интервалах (физическое) масса - * at rest масса покоя - * on the chemical scale масса по химической шкале - the * of a particle масса частицы - * analysis анализ по массе - * number массовое число - * scale шкала масс - * unit единица массы - electrical charge per * unit удельный (электрический) заряд > in the * в массе, в целом > the nation in the * весь народ > to be a /one/ * of mistakes быть полным ошибок > he is a /one/ * of bruises он весь в синяках > his story is a * of lies его рассказ - сплошная ложь массовый, широкий - * execution массовая казнь - * grave братская могила - * hysteria повальная истерия - * suggestion массовое внушение;
массовый гипноз - there was a * drive against narcotics развернулось широкое движение против наркомании собирать в кучу;
скапливать (тж. * up) - the flowers were *ed for effect для создания эффекта цветы собрали в большой букет собраться в кучу;
скапливать (тж. * up) - crowds *ed along the road вдоль дороги скапливался народ - dark clouds *ed and we expected rain собирались темные тучи, предвещавшие дождь /следовало ждать дождя/ (военное) сосредоточивать, массировать - to * troops сосредоточивать войска ~ груда;
множество;
in the mass в целом;
he is a mass of bruises он весь в синяках ~ груда;
множество;
in the mass в целом;
he is a mass of bruises он весь в синяках mass большая часть (чего-л.) ~ большинство ~ большое количество ~ груда;
множество;
in the mass в целом;
he is a mass of bruises он весь в синяках ~ физ. масса ~ масса ~ воен. массирование;
сосредоточение;
mass of manoeuvre маневренный кулак;
ударная группа ~ воен. массировать, сосредоточивать ~ attr. массовый;
a mass meeting массовый митинг;
mass production поточное (или серийное) производство ~ месса, обедня ~ множество ~ скопление ~ собирать(ся) в кучу ~ (the masses) народные массы ~ attr. массовый;
a mass meeting массовый митинг;
mass production поточное (или серийное) производство meeting: mass ~ массовое собрание ~ воен. массирование;
сосредоточение;
mass of manoeuvre маневренный кулак;
ударная группа ~ attr. массовый;
a mass meeting массовый митинг;
mass production поточное (или серийное) производство production: mass ~ массовое производство mass ~ поточно-массовое производство mass ~ серийное производство -
22 pile
I [paɪl]1) (untidy heap) mucchio m.; (stack) pila f.in a pile — accatastato, ammucchiato
2) colloq. (large amount)a pile of, piles of — un mucchio di
3) el. nucl. pila f.4) lett. o scherz. (building) edificio m.••II 1. [paɪl]to make one's pile — colloq. fare fortuna, farsi i soldi
2.to be piled with — [ surface] essere ingombro o pieno di [ objects]
verbo intransitivo colloq.to pile into — (board) [ people] ammassarsi su, accalcarsi su [ vehicle]; (crash) [ vehicle] tamponare [ other vehicle]
- pile in- pile on- pile upIII [paɪl] IV [paɪl]nome (of fabric, carpet) pelo m.* * *I 1. noun1) (a (large) number of things lying on top of each other in a tidy or untidy heap; a (large) quantity of something lying in a heap: There was a neat pile of books in the corner of the room; There was pile of rubbish at the bottom of the garden.)2) (a large quantity, especially of money: He must have piles of money to own a car like that.)2. verb(to make a pile of (something); to put (something) in a pile: He piled the boxes on the table.)- pile-up- pile up II(a large pillar or stake driven into the ground as a foundation for a building, bridge etc: The entire city of Venice is built on piles.)III noun(the thick soft surface of carpets and some kinds of cloth eg velvet: The rug has a deep/thick pile.)* * *pile (1) /paɪl/n.● pile-driver, battipalo; berta; (fam.) ( boxe) colpo (o pugno) poderoso, mazzata (fig.); ( calcio, ecc.) staffilata, stangata, stoccata □ pile-dweller, palafitticolo □ pile-dwelling, casa su palafitte; palafitta □ (ind. costr.) pile foundation, fondazione su pali □ (edil.) pile shoe, puntazza □ (archeol.) pile-work, palafitta □ to drive a pile, piantare un paloFALSI AMICI: pile non significa pile nel senso italiano di tessuto sintetico. ♦ pile (2) /paɪl/n.1 pila; cumulo; mucchio; catasta: There is a pile of dishes to wash, c'è una pila di piatti da lavare2 casamento; edificio; blocco di case; isolato3 (fam.) mucchio di quattrini; bel gruzzolo: to make a (o one's) pile, farsi un bel gruzzolo; far fortuna4 (fis. nucl.) pila5 (elettr.) pila a secco● pile-up, (autom.) ammasso (o groviglio) di auto ( incidente); carambola; ( ciclismo) groviglio ( di corridori caduti): DIALOGO → - Discussing sport- There was a three car pile-up on the first bend, c'è stato un tamponamento a catena di tre macchine alla prima curva □ atomic pile, pila atomica (o nucleare) □ funeral pile, pila funeraria; pira; rogo □ to stack st. in a pile, accatastare qc. □ wood pile, catasta di legnaFALSI AMICI: pile non significa pile nel senso italiano di tessuto sintetico NOTA D'USO: - pile o fleece?-. pile (3) /paɪl/n. [u]FALSI AMICI: pile non significa pile nel senso italiano di tessuto sintetico. (to) pile (1) /paɪl/v. t.1 palificare; conficcar pali in2 munire di palafitte.(to) pile (2) /paɪl/A v. t.1 accatastare; ammassare; ammucchiare; ammonticchiareB v. i.1 ammucchiarsi; accumularsi2 affollarsi; ammassarsi.* * *I [paɪl]1) (untidy heap) mucchio m.; (stack) pila f.in a pile — accatastato, ammucchiato
2) colloq. (large amount)a pile of, piles of — un mucchio di
3) el. nucl. pila f.4) lett. o scherz. (building) edificio m.••II 1. [paɪl]to make one's pile — colloq. fare fortuna, farsi i soldi
2.to be piled with — [ surface] essere ingombro o pieno di [ objects]
verbo intransitivo colloq.to pile into — (board) [ people] ammassarsi su, accalcarsi su [ vehicle]; (crash) [ vehicle] tamponare [ other vehicle]
- pile in- pile on- pile upIII [paɪl] IV [paɪl]nome (of fabric, carpet) pelo m. -
23 Langmuir, Irving
[br]b. 31 January 1881 Brooklyn, New York, USAd. 16 August 1957 Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA[br]American Nobel Prize winner in chemistry in 1932 who was responsible for a number of important scientific developments ranging from electric lamps, through a high-vacuum transmitting tube (for broadcasting) to a high-vacuum mercury pump for studies in atomic structure, in radar and the stimulation of artificial rainfall.[br]Langmuir took a degree in metallurgical engineering at Columbia University School of Mines, and then a PhD in chemistry at Göttingen University in Germany. For much of his life he carried out research in physical chemistry at the General Electric Research Laboratory at Schenechtady, New York, where he remained until his retirement in 1950. One important result of his work there led to a great improvement in artificial illumination of homes. This was his development in 1913 of a much more efficient electric light bulb, which was filled with argon gas and had a coiled filament. The idea of using an inert gas was an old one, but it was not a viable proposition until a filament that could be coiled became available. Overall, Langmuir's lamp was more reliable than previous designs and gave a brighter light.[br]Further ReadingArthur A.Bright, 1949, The Electric Lamp Industry, New York: Macmillan. Floyd A.Lewis, 1961, The Incandescent Light, New York: Shorewood.DY -
24 oscillator
1) генератор2) гетеродин3) вибратор, элементарный излучатель4) осциллятор•-
active oscillator
-
amplitude-modulated oscillator
-
audio-frequency oscillator
- backward wave oscillator -
balanced oscillator
-
Barkhausen-Kurz oscillator
-
battery-driven oscillator
-
beat-frequency oscillator
-
beating oscillator
-
bias oscillator
-
blocking oscillator
-
bridge oscillator
-
bulk-wave oscillator
-
burst-controlled oscillator
-
calibration oscillator
-
capacitance-resistance oscillator
-
carrier frequency oscillator
-
cavity oscillator
-
cesium-beam atomic oscillator
-
chopping oscillator
-
Clapp oscillator
-
clock oscillator
-
coherent local oscillator
-
coherent oscillator
-
color subcarrier oscillator
-
continuous-wave oscillator
-
crystal-controlled oscillator
-
dielectric resonator oscillator
-
digitally-controlled oscillator
-
digital-controlled oscillator
-
digitally-control oscillator
-
digital-control oscillator
-
double-transit oscillator
-
Dow oscillator
-
drive oscillator
-
dynatron oscillator
-
eccentric weight oscillator
-
electric-tuned oscillator
-
electronically tunable oscillator
-
erase oscillator
-
extended-interaction oscillator
-
fast cyclotrone oscillator
-
fast oscillator
-
feedback oscillator
-
fixed-frequency oscillator
-
fork oscillator
-
free-running oscillator
-
frequency modulated oscillator
-
frequency-sensitive oscillator
-
frequency-swept oscillator
-
gated oscillator
-
Gunn oscillator
-
Gunn-diode oscillator
-
Gunn-effect oscillator
-
harmonic oscillator
-
Hartley oscillator
-
Hertzian oscillator
-
heterodyne oscillator
-
high-frequency oscillator
-
horizontal oscillator
-
hydraulic oscillator
-
impulse oscillator
-
inductance-capacitance oscillator
-
injection-driven oscillator
-
injection-locked oscillator
-
klystron oscillator
-
laser oscillator
-
LC oscillator
-
linear oscillator
-
local oscillator
-
locked-in oscillator
-
locked oscillator
-
low-frequency oscillator
-
low-noise oscillator
-
magnetostrictive oscillator
-
magnetron oscillator
-
marker oscillator
-
maser oscillator
-
master oscillator
-
Miller oscillator
-
mode-locked oscillator
-
modulated oscillator
-
molecular oscillator
-
motor-driven oscillator
-
motor-tuned oscillator
-
multifrequency oscillator
-
multivibrator oscillator
-
nuclear reactor oscillator
-
number-controlled oscillator
-
offset oscillator
-
oven-controlled crystal oscillator
-
parametric oscillator
-
permeability-tuned oscillator
-
phase-locked oscillator
-
phase-stabilized oscillator
-
piezoelectric oscillator
-
pilot oscillator
-
pulsed oscillator
-
pulse oscillator
-
quartz-crystal-controlled oscillator
-
quartz-crystal oscillator
-
radio-frequency oscillator
-
ramp oscillator
-
range-marker oscillator
-
RC-oscillator
-
reference oscillator
-
reflection oscillator
-
relaxation oscillator
-
repeller-type oscillator
-
RF-oscillator
-
ring oscillator
-
rugged oscillator
-
sawtooth oscillator
-
self-excited oscillator
-
service oscillator
-
simple oscillator
-
sinewave oscillator
-
single-shot blocking oscillator
-
single-wave oscillator
-
spot oscillator
-
square-wave oscillator
-
stabilized local oscillator
-
subcarrier oscillator
-
sweep oscillator
-
synchronized oscillator
-
temperature-compensated crystal oscillator
-
test oscillator
-
tracking oscillator
-
transitron oscillator
-
triggered oscillator
-
tube oscillator
-
tunable oscillator
-
ultrastable oscillator
-
variable crystal oscillator
-
variable-frequency oscillator
-
voltage-controlled oscillator
-
voltage-tuned oscillator
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Xtal oscillator -
25 weight
1) вес
2) вескость
3) гирный
4) гиря
5) грузик
6) давило
7) сниматься
8) тяжесть
9) нагружать
10) задавать веса
11) весовой
12) разновес
13) груз
– assign weight
– atomic weight
– balance weight
– base weight
– burnout weight
– by weight
– charge weight
– cord weight
– correction weight
– dead weight
– driving weight
– drop weight
– fixed weight
– full weight
– gain in weight
– governor weight
– gross weight
– increase in weight
– loss in weight
– mass-balance weight
– molecular weight
– net weight
– overburden weight
– pack by weight
– party by weight
– percent by weight
– proportioning by weight
– pulley weight
– weight analysis
– weight anchor
– weight coefficient
– weight densimeter
– weight function
– weight number
– weight of line
– weight of type
– weight restrictions
– weight separation
– weight silk
– weight voltameter
figuring weight and balance — <aeron.> центровка
weight & balance envelope — <phys.> диапазон центровок
zero fuel weight — <transp.> вес без топлива
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26 mass
1. n месса, литургия; обедняhigh mass — торжественная месса, обедня с пением
Mass for the Dead — реквием, заупокойная месса
sung mass — торжественная месса; обедня с певчими
2. v редк. служить обедню3. v редк. присутствовать на обедне4. n куча, груда; глыба5. n скоплениеa mass of traffic — скопление машин; сплошной поток автомобилей
6. n большинство, большая частьmass data storage — массовое запоминающее устройство; запоминающее устройство большой емкости; хранение больших массивов данных
7. n народные массы8. n воен. массирование; сосредоточение9. n воен. линия колонн на сомкнутых интервалах10. n воен. физ. масса11. a массовый, широкийmass production, production in bulk — массовое производство
12. v собирать в кучу; скапливать13. v собираться в кучу; скапливаться14. v воен. сосредоточивать, массироватьСинонимический ряд:1. body (noun) body; company; core; corpus; masses; object; rabble; staple; substance2. collection (noun) aggregation; amassment; assemblage; collection; cumulus; garner3. communion (noun) communion; eucharist; sacrament4. drove (noun) crowd; crush; drove; flock; horde; mob; multitude; swarm; throng5. expanse (noun) amplitude; expanse; extent; magnitude; size; span6. greater portion (noun) greater portion; majority; plurality7. heaviness (noun) heaviness; poundage; tonnage8. lump (noun) batch; block; chunk; hunk; lump; piece; portion; section9. much (noun) barrel; great deal; lashings; lot; mountain; much; multiplicity; peck; plenty10. pile (noun) bank; cock; drift; heap; hill; mess; mound; mow; pack; pile; pyramid; rick; shock; stack; stockpile; wealth; windrow11. quantity (noun) accumulation; aggregate; conglomerate; quantity; volume; whole12. weight (noun) bulk; preponderance; weight13. worship (noun) catholic service; celebration; ceremony; eucharistic rite; holy communion; lord's supper; observance; worship -
27 Bacon, Francis Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 21 December 1904 Billericay, Englandd. 24 May 1992 Little Shelford, Cambridge, England[br]English mechanical engineer, a pioneer in the modern phase of fuel-cell development.[br]After receiving his education at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, Bacon served with C.A. Parsons at Newcastle upon Tyne from 1925 to 1940. From 1946 to 1956 he carried out research on Hydrox fuel cells at Cambridge University and was a consultant on fuel-cell design to a number of organizations throughout the rest of his life.Sir William Grove was the first to observe that when oxygen and hydrogen were supplied to platinum electrodes immersed in sulphuric acid a current was produced in an external circuit, but he did not envisage this as a practical source of electrical energy. In the 1930s Bacon started work to develop a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that operated at moderate temperatures and pressures using an alkaline electrolyte. In 1940 he was appointed to a post at King's College, London, and there, with the support of the Admiralty, he started full-time experimental work on fuel cells. His brief was to produce a power source for the propulsion of submarines. The following year he was posted as a temporary experimental officer to the Anti-Submarine Experimental Establishment at Fairlie, Ayrshire, and he remained there until the end of the Second World War.In 1946 he joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at Cambridge, receiving a small amount of money from the Electrical Research Association. Backing came six years later from the National Research and Development Corporation (NRDC), the development of the fuel cell being transferred to Marshalls of Cambridge, where Bacon was appointed Consultant.By 1959, after almost twenty years of individual effort, he was able to demonstrate a 6 kW (8 hp) power unit capable of driving a small truck. Bacon appreciated that when substantial power was required over long periods the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell associated with high-pressure gas storage would be more compact than conventional secondary batteries.The development of the fuel-cell system pioneered by Bacon was stimulated by a particular need for a compact, lightweight source of power in the United States space programme. Electro-chemical generators using hydrogen-oxygen cells were chosen to provide the main supplies on the Apollo spacecraft for landing on the surface of the moon in 1969. An added advantage of the cells was that they simultaneously provided water. NRDC was largely responsible for the forma-tion of Energy Conversion Ltd, a company that was set up to exploit Bacon's patents and to manufacture fuel cells, and which was supported by British Ropes Ltd, British Petroleum and Guest, Keen \& Nettlefold Ltd at Basingstoke. Bacon was their full-time consultant. In 1971 Energy Conversion's operation was moved to the UK Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, as Fuel Cells Ltd. Bacon remained with them until he retired in 1973.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOBE 1967. FRS 1972. Royal Society S.G. Brown Medal 1965. Royal Aeronautical Society British Silver Medal 1969.Bibliography27 February 1952, British patent no. 667,298 (hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell). 1963, contribution in W.Mitchell (ed.), Fuel Cells, New York, pp. 130–92.1965, contribution in B.S.Baker (ed.), Hydrocarbon Fuel Cell Technology, New York, pp. 1–7.Further ReadingObituary, 1992, Daily Telegraph (8 June).A.McDougal, 1976, Fuel Cells, London (makes an acknowledgement of Bacon's contribution to the design and application of fuel cells).D.P.Gregory, 1972, Fuel Cells, London (a concise introduction to fuel-cell technology).GW
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