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ex-tūbĕro

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1 Tubero

Tūbĕro, ōnis, m., a surname in the gens Aelia; e. g.
I.
Q. Aelius Tubero, a Stoic, an opponent of Tiberius Gracchus, Cic. brut. 31, 117; id. Lael. 11, 37; 27, 101; id. de Or. 3, 23, 87.—
II.
L. Tubero, lieutenant of Q. Cicern in Asia, an historian, Caes. B. C. 1, 31; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 10; Gell. 6, 3, 4.—
III.
Q. Aelius Tubero, son of the preceding, a relative (according to some, the brother-in-law) of Cicero, and the accuser of Ligarius, Cic. Lig. 1, 1; 3, 9 al.; Quint. 11, 1, 80; Suet. Caes. 83.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Tubero
2 tubero

Tuberonis N F

Tuber (surname of gens Aelia)

Latin-English dictionary > tubero
3 numerus

numerus ī, m [NEM-], a number: ad numerum quattuor milium, about, Cs.: septem sonos: qui numerus rerum omnium fere nodus est: duo ii numeri: exercitus numero hominum amplior, S.: numerumque referri Iussit, that they be counted, V.: numerus argenteorum facilior usui est, counting, Ta.: mille numero navium classis: ad duo milia numero cecidisse, Cs.: obsides ad numerum miserunt, the full number, Cs.: quantum Aut numerum lupus (curat), the count of the flock, V.— A considerable number, quantity, body, collection, class: conveniet numerus quantum debui, sum, T.: effuse euntes numerum ampliorem efficiebant, S.: si naves suum numerum haberent, complement: magnus numerus frumenti, quantity: est numerus civium Romanorum, many: sed illos Defendit numerus, Iu.: sparsi per provinciam numeri, troops, Ta.— A mere number, cipher, nobody: Nos numerus sumus, H.: ignavorum, rabble, Ta.— Plur, dice: eburni, O.: trīs iactet numeros, O.— Plur, the mathematics, astronomy: a sacerdotibus numeros accipere.—Fig., number, rank, place, position, estimation, relation, class, category: me adscribe talem in numerum: Phraaten numero beatorum Eximit virtus, H.: reductos in hostium numero habuit, Cs.: Tubero fuit nullo in oratorum numero, reckoned among: esse in numero nullo, of no repute: qui aliquo sunt numero, of some repute, Cs.: homo nullo numero: quo sunt in numero Curiosolites, etc., Cs.: qui in eo numero fuisset: ut civium numero simus, L.— A part, member, category: omnes numeros virtutis continere: mundus expletus omnibus suis numeris: deesse numeris suis, to be deficient, O.— Order: Quaecumque descripsit carmina, Digerit in numerum, V.— An office, duty, part: ad numeros exige quidque suos, O.: verae numerosque modosque ediscere vitae, H.— Musical measure, time, rhythm, harmony, numbers: in musicis numeri et voces et modi, etc.: Isocrates verbis solutis numeros primus adiunxit: numeros memini, si verba tenerem, air, V.: nil extra numerum fecisse, out of measure, i. e. improper, H.—In verse, a measure, number: cum sint numeri plures: numeris nectere verba, O.: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, H.— A verse: Arma gravi numero Edere, i. e. heroic metre, O.: impares, i. e. elegiac verses, O.
* * *

numeri N M

number/sum/total/rank; (superior) numerical strength/plurality; catagory; tally; rhythm/cadence; frquency; meter/metrical foot/line; melody; exercise movements

Latin-English dictionary > numerus
4 ante

antĕ (old form anti, whence antidea, antideo, antidhac; v. antea, anteeo, and antehac) [Gr. anti, over against, facing, anta, antên; Sanscr. anti = over against; Germ. ant- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an answer, anda-nahti, the night before], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. Victor. p. 1953, as prep. with the grave accent; as adv. with the acute on the last syl.).
I.
Prep. with acc., before (syn.: prae, pro).
A.
In space, or trop. in regard to estimation, judgment, or rank (usu. only of objects at rest. while prae is used of those in motion; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions infra).
1.
In space:
quem ante aedīs video,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:
ante ostium Me audivit stare,
Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5:
Ornatas paulo ante fores,
Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26:
ante meum limen,
Juv. 11, 190:
ante suum fundum,
Cic. Mil. 10:
ut ante suos hortulos postridie piscarentur,
id. Off. 3, 14, 58:
ante sepulcrales infelix adstitit aras,
Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268:
ante altaria,
id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24. —Of persons:
ante hosce deos erant arulae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3:
quīs ante ora patrum contigit oppetere,
Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477:
ipsius unam (navem) ante oculos pontus in puppim ferit,
id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773:
ante se statuit funditores,
Liv. 42, 58:
Flos Asiae ante ipsum,
Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2:
si luditur alea pernox Ante Numantinos,
Juv. 8, 11.— Trop.:
ante oculos collocata,
Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192:
ante oculos errat domus,
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: [p. 128] causam ante eum diceret, before him as judge, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9:
donec stet ante judicium,
Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.—And in eccl. Lat., after the Heb. and Hel. Gr., before, in the sight of, in the judgment of:
ante Dominum vilior fiam,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.:
non te justifices ante Deum,
ib. Eccli. 7, 5:
justi ambo ante Deum,
ib. Luc. 1, 6;
and fully: fecit Asa rectum ante conspectum Domini,
ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.—Hence, homines ante pedes (in later Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators upon Juv. 7, 143.—With verbs of motion:
ante me ito,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70:
equitatum omnem ante se mittit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
ante ceteras cohortes extra aciem procurrere,
id. B. C. 1, 55:
praecurrit ante omnes,
id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.—
2.
Trop. of preference in judgment, or regulations in respect to rank, before (this is properly the signification of prae, q. v.; hence more rare than that, and never used by Cic.): quem ante me diligo, before myself, more than myself, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.—So ante aliquem esse, to surpass, excel any one:
facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse,
Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz:
tum me vero et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse,
superior to, Liv. 35, 14:
necessitas ante rationem est,
necessity knows no law, Curt. 7, 7, 10.—Hence very freq. (but mostly poet. and post-class.),
a.
Ante alios, ante omnes, ante ceteros, etc., before others, before all, etc., to designate a comparative relation;
also sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, with comparatives and superlatives: tibi, Neptune, ante alios deos gratias ago,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120:
scito illum ante omnīs minumi mortalem preti,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8:
tua ante omnes experientia,
Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9:
Junoni ante omnīs candentis vaccae media inter cornua (pateram) fundit,
Verg. A. 4, 59:
Ipse est ante omnes,
Vulg. Col. 1, 17:
O felix una ante alias Priameïa virgo,
Verg. A. 3, 321:
ante omnes furor est insignis equarum,
id. G. 3, 266:
scelere ante alios immanior omnīs,
id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42:
ante alios pulcherrimus omnīs Turnus,
Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.—
b.
Ante omnia.
(α).
Before all things, first of all:
alvus ante omnia ducitur,
Cels. 7, 30:
oportet autem ante omnia os nudare,
id. 8, 2:
Ante omnia instituit, ut etc.,
Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21:
Ante omnia autem, fratres, etc.,
Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.—
(β).
Comparatively, above all, especially, chiefty:
publica maestitia eo ante omnia insignis, quia matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt,
Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4:
quae natura multis et ante omnia ursis,
Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125:
dulces ante omnia Musae,
the Muses pleasing above all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72:
deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum,
Juv. 10, 191.—
(γ).
In entering upon the discussion of several particulars, or in adducing arguments, first of all, in the first place (similar to ac primum quidem, kai prôton men oun; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4):
ante omnia quid sit rhetorice,
Quint. 2, 15, 1:
ante omnia igitur imitatio per se ipsa non sufficit,
id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.—
B.
Of time.
1.
Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf.
Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: ante lucem a portu me praemisisti domum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22:
ante diem caupo sciet,
Juv. 9, 108:
ante brumam,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28:
ante noctem,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 51:
pereundum erit ante lucernas,
Juv. 10, 339:
ante haec omnia,
Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.— The designation of time is often expressed paraphrastically.
a.
By a person who lived at the time:
jam ante Socratem,
before the time of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44:
qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini,
before me, before my time, id. Cat. 4, 3:
ante Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni,
Verg. G. 1, 125:
vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 25:
ante Helenam,
id. S. 1, 3, 107:
ante se,
Tac. H. 1, 50:
quod ante eum nemo,
Suet. Caes. 26 al. —
b.
By other objects pertaining to a particular time: ante hoc factum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64:
ante has meas litteras,
i. e. before the receipt of this letter, Cic. Fam. 13, 17:
per hunc castissimum ante regiam injuriam sanguinem juro,
Liv. 1, 59:
ante mare et terras, et quod tegit omnia, caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5:
ante sidus fervidum,
Hor. Epod. 1, 27:
ante cibum,
id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428:
Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta,
before their A B C, id. 14, 209:
cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus?
Verg. A. 11, 424:
Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec ante tubas,
Juv. 1, 169.—Also by the designation of the office of a person:
ante aedilitatem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 17:
ante sceptrum Dictaei regis,
Verg. G. 2, 536:
ante imperium ducis,
Flor. 4, 2, 66:
relictis multis filiis et in regno et ante regnum susceptis,
Just. 2, 10.—And by the designation of office in app. to the person:
mortuus est ante istum praetorem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115:
docuerant fabulas ante hos consules,
id. Brut. 18, 73:
cum ante illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3:
quos ante se imperatorem nemo ausus sit aspicere,
id. Epam. 8, 3.—A part. perf. or fut. pass. is freq. added to such substantives for the sake of explanation:
ante hanc urbem conditam,
before the founding of this city, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. post urbem conditam):
non multo ante urbem captam,
id. Div. 1, 45:
ante Epaminondam natum,
Nep. Epam. 10, 4:
ante te cognitum multis orantibus opem tuli,
Sall. J. 110, 2:
ante decemviros creatos,
Liv. 3, 53 al. —
2.
Hence particular phrases.
a.
Ante tempus,
(α).
Before the right time:
ante tempus excitatis suis,
Liv. 31, 36.—
(β).
Before the appointed, proper, or lawful time:
factus est consul bis, primum ante tempus,
Cic. Lael. 3:
honores et ante tempus et quosdam novi generis cepit,
Suet. Aug. 26:
venisti ante tempus torquere nos?
Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. annus, II. D.).—
b.
Ante diem, poet.,
(α).
Before the time:
Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem,
Ov. A. A. 1, 184:
ante diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales,
Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.—
(β).
Before the time destined by fate:
filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos,
Ov. M. 1, 148:
hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras,
id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739:
sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: ei de tou chronou prosthen thanoumai). —
c.
Ante hunc diem, with a negative:
istunc hominem numquam audivi ante hunc diem,
never before this day, never until now, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7:
neque umquam ante hunc diem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23:
Novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. Tubero detulit,
Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: neque eum ante usquam conspexi prius). —
3.
Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number gives the date, not of the foregoing, but of the present day; e. g. ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the fifth day before the calends of April. Orig. the ante belonged to Kalendas, and they said either, ante die quinto Kalendas (i. e. die quinto ante Kalendas), or ante diem quintum Kalendas; the latter phraseology became the prevailing one, and ante diem, being considered as one word, the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me ante diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the thirteenth before the calends of January, i. e. the 20 th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: ante diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21 st of Oct.: ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ante diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24 th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. (ante diem quartum Idus Martias), i. e. the 12 th of March, Liv. 40, 59: ante diem III. Non. Jan. M. Cicero natus est, i. e. on the 3 d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.:
in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3:
ex ante diem VII. Id. Febr.,
Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex ante diem Non. Jun. usque ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3 d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17:
supplicatio indicta est ante diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo die in quinque dies,
Liv. 45, 2, 12.—
4.
Sometimes to designate the whole time until the passing moment:
ante id tempus et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii,
Nep. Arist. 2, 3:
qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit,
id. Timoth. 2, 3:
invictus ante eam diem fuerat,
Curt. 5, 3, 22.—
5.
Ante annos, before the destined time:
Ante suos annos occidit,
Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46:
Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem,
beyond his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.:
suos annos praeterire,
Sil. 4, 428; and:
annos transcendere factis,
id. 2, 348). —
6.
Ante hoc, for antea, antehac, belongs to the later Latin:
ante hoc incognita,
Luc. 6, 116:
ante hoc domūs pars videntur,
Tac. G. 13.
II.
Adv., of space and time (the latter most freq.).
A.
Of space, before, in front, forwards: post me erat Aegina, ante Megara, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9:
fluvius ab tergo, ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat,
Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5:
coronatus stabit et ante calix,
Tib. 2, 5, 98:
plena oculis et ante et retro,
Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.—Of motion (cf. supra, I. A. 1.):
si aut manibus ingrediatur quis aut non ante, sed retro,
Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35:
pallida Tisiphone morbos agit ante metumque,
Verg. G. 3, 552.—
B.
1.. Of time, before, previously (always in reference to another past time, while ante as prep. is used in reference to the present).
a.
With verbs:
nonne oportuit Praescīsse me ante,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 4:
id te oro, ut ante eamus,
id. ib. 3, 3, 24;
very freq. in Cic.: quod utinam illi ante accidisset,
Cic. Phil. 11, 14:
quae ante acta sunt,
id. Verr. 1, 109:
sicut ante fecimus,
Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20:
fructus omnis ante actae vitae,
Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16:
apud vos ante feci mentionem,
Cic. Agr. 3, 4:
faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis ante factum,
id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320:
illud de quo ante dixi,
Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116:
quos ante dixi,
id. Off. 2, 14, 50:
ut ante dixi,
id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45:
quem ad modum ante dixi,
id. Sex. Rosc. 91:
additis, quae ante deliquerant,
Tac. A. 6, 9:
filium ante sublatum brevi amisit,
id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.—And often accomp. by jam:
acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.—Rarely accomp. by saepe.:
ut saepe ante fecerant,
Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.—
b.
Rarely with adjj.:
non filius ante pudicus,
Juv. 3, 111:
quos acciverat, incertum, experiens an et ante gnavos,
Tac. A. 14, 7.—
c.
Often with substt. in the abl. or acc. for a more accurate designation of time (cf. also abhinc with the abl. and acc.; in these cases ante was considered by the ancient critics as a prep., which could also govern the abl.; cf. Charis. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The position of ante is sometimes before and sometimes after the subst., and sometimes between the numeral and the subst.):
illos septem et multis ante saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:
etsi perpaucis ante diebus (i. e. before the departure of Theophilus, of whom mention is afterwards made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te,
id. Fam. 4, 9:
paucis diebus ante,
id. Phil. 2, 40:
viginti annis ante,
id. Lael. 12, 42:
voverat eam annis undecim ante,
Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51:
quae bello Ligustico ante annis octo vovisset): optimum erit ante annum scrobes facere,
a year before, Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7:
Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt,
a year before the fall of Troy, Just. 18, 3, 5:
ante quadriennium amissus es,
four years previously, Tac. Agr. 45:
aliquot ante annos,
Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.—
d.
With the advv. multo, paulo, aliquanto, tanto, quanto, and rarely permultum:
multo ante prospexi tempestatem futuram,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:
haud multo ante adventum,
Tac. Agr. 18.—And in the order ante multo:
ante multo a te didicerimus,
Cic. Sen. 2, 6:
Venisti paulo ante in senatum,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30;
6, 29 et saep.—And in the order ante paulo: quae ante paulo perbreviter attigi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4:
profectus est aliquanto ante furorem Catilinae,
id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.—And in the order ante aliquanto: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, Cic. Fam. [p. 129] 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46:
tanto ante praedixeras,
id. Phil. 2, 33:
quod si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28:
quanto ante providerit,
Cic. Sest. 8:
permultum ante certior factus eram litteris,
id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.—
2.
Followed by quam (written also as one word, antequam; the form prius quam was more freq. in archaic Latin), sooner than; before.
a.
With ind. pres.:
ante quam doceo id factum non esse, libet mihi,
Cic. Quinct. 48:
ante quam ad sententiam redeo, de me pauca dicam,
id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.—
b.
With ind. perf.:
memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum disserere,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11:
anno ipso ante quam natus est Ennius,
id. Brut. 18, 72:
ante aliquanto quam tu natus es,
id. Fam. 10, 3:
neque ante dimisit eum quam fidem dedit,
Liv. 39, 10:
ante quam ille est factus inimicus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 9.—
c.
Rarely with fut. perf.:
ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari,
Cic. Phil. 11, 24:
neque defatigabor ante quam... percepero,
id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—
d.
With subj. pres.:
ante quam veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet,
Cic. Agr. 2, 53:
hac lege ante omnia veniunt, quam gleba una ematur,
id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.—
e.
With subj. imperf.:
Romae et ad urbem, ante quam proficisceretur, quaerere coepit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 167:
qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium,
id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.—
f.
With subj. perf.:
ante vero quam sit ea res adlata, laetitiā frui satis est,
Cic. Phil. 14, 1:
domesticum malum opprimit ante quam prospicere potueris,
id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40:
nec ante vincere desierint quam Rubro mari inclusis quod vincerent defuerit,
Liv. 42, 52:
nec ante (barbam capillumque) dempserit quam vindicāsset,
Suet. Caes. 67.—
g.
With subj. pluperf.:
se ante quam eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc.,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71:
qui ante quam de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi,
Cic. Planc. 98:
ut consul ante fieret, quam ullum alium magistratum capere licuisset,
id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.—
h.
With inf.:
dici vix potest quam multa sint quae respondeatis ante fieri oportere, quam ad hanc rationem devenire,
Cic. Quinct. 54.—
i.
With part.:
armati nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt,
Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the use of these different constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.;
and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621). —In the poets sometimes with quam before ante: Respice item quam nil ad nos anteacta vetustas Temporis aeterni fuerit, quam nascimur ante,
Lucr. 3, 972:
Non ego signatis quicquam mandare tabellis, Ne legat id nemo quam meus ante, velim,
Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.—Also in the poets sometimes pleon. ante—prius—quam:
sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat Ante, pudor, quam te violo aut tua jura resolvo,
Verg. A. 4, 24; so,
prius—quam— ante: Aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima quam metam triverit ante rota?
Prop. 3, 20, 25.—
3.
For the designation of order, foll. by tum, deinde, etc., first, in the first place (only in later Lat. for the class. primum):
ut ante caput, deinde reliqua pars auferatur,
Cels. 7, 29:
et ante dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc.,
id. 5, 26:
ante tonderi... deinde... tum, etc.,
id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.—
4.
Very rarely used as adj. (in imitation of the Greek):
neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum,
earlier, previous ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. tôn paros kakôn, Soph. O. T. 1423):
ille elegit, qui recipit ante meliorem,
Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this use of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).
III.
In composition.
A.
Of space, before, in front of, forwards: antepono, antefigo, antefero, antemitto.—
B.
Fig. of preference, before, above: antepono.—
C.
Of degree, before, above, more: antepotens, antepollens—
D.
In designations of time only with adjj. and advv.: antelucanus, antemeridianus, antehac, antelucio.With verbs, ante is more correctly written separately: ante actus, ante factus, ante gestus, ante paro, etc., although editions differ in this respect. V. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ante
5 anti

antĕ (old form anti, whence antidea, antideo, antidhac; v. antea, anteeo, and antehac) [Gr. anti, over against, facing, anta, antên; Sanscr. anti = over against; Germ. ant- in Ant-wort = Goth. anda-vaurdi, an answer, anda-nahti, the night before], prep. and adv. (acc. to Max. Victor. p. 1953, as prep. with the grave accent; as adv. with the acute on the last syl.).
I.
Prep. with acc., before (syn.: prae, pro).
A.
In space, or trop. in regard to estimation, judgment, or rank (usu. only of objects at rest. while prae is used of those in motion; cf. Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 21; v. exceptions infra).
1.
In space:
quem ante aedīs video,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 136:
ante ostium Me audivit stare,
Ter. And. 3, 1, 16; so Vulg. Lev. 1, 5:
Ornatas paulo ante fores,
Juv. 6, 227; so Vulg. Num. 3, 26:
ante meum limen,
Juv. 11, 190:
ante suum fundum,
Cic. Mil. 10:
ut ante suos hortulos postridie piscarentur,
id. Off. 3, 14, 58:
ante sepulcrales infelix adstitit aras,
Ov. M. 8, 480; so Verg. A. 1, 344; 3, 545; Juv. 10, 268:
ante altaria,
id. 8, 155; so Vulg. Deut. 26, 4; ib. Matt. 5, 24. —Of persons:
ante hosce deos erant arulae,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3:
quīs ante ora patrum contigit oppetere,
Verg. A. 1, 95; id. G. 4, 477:
ipsius unam (navem) ante oculos pontus in puppim ferit,
id. A. 1, 114; 2, 531; 2, 773:
ante se statuit funditores,
Liv. 42, 58:
Flos Asiae ante ipsum,
Juv. 5, 56; Vulg. Matt. 17, 2:
si luditur alea pernox Ante Numantinos,
Juv. 8, 11.— Trop.:
ante oculos collocata,
Cic. de Or. 1, 43, 192:
ante oculos errat domus,
Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 57: [p. 128] causam ante eum diceret, before him as judge, Cic. Verr. 1, 3, 9:
donec stet ante judicium,
Vulg. Josh. 20, 6; ib. Marc. 13, 9.—And in eccl. Lat., after the Heb. and Hel. Gr., before, in the sight of, in the judgment of:
ante Dominum vilior fiam,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 6, 21 sq.:
non te justifices ante Deum,
ib. Eccli. 7, 5:
justi ambo ante Deum,
ib. Luc. 1, 6;
and fully: fecit Asa rectum ante conspectum Domini,
ib. 3 Reg. 15, 11; ib. Apoc. 12, 10.—Hence, homines ante pedes (in later Lat.), servants; cf. the annotators upon Juv. 7, 143.—With verbs of motion:
ante me ito,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 70:
equitatum omnem ante se mittit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:
ante ceteras cohortes extra aciem procurrere,
id. B. C. 1, 55:
praecurrit ante omnes,
id. ib. 2, 34; so Nep. Dat. 3, 2; Liv. 7, 41; 45, 40 al.; Vulg. Lev. 27, 11; ib. 1 Reg. 12, 2.—
2.
Trop. of preference in judgment, or regulations in respect to rank, before (this is properly the signification of prae, q. v.; hence more rare than that, and never used by Cic.): quem ante me diligo, before myself, more than myself, Balbus ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15.—So ante aliquem esse, to surpass, excel any one:
facundiā Graecos, gloriā belli Gallos ante Romanos fuisse,
Sall. C. 53, 3, ubi v. Corte and Kritz:
tum me vero et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse,
superior to, Liv. 35, 14:
necessitas ante rationem est,
necessity knows no law, Curt. 7, 7, 10.—Hence very freq. (but mostly poet. and post-class.),
a.
Ante alios, ante omnes, ante ceteros, etc., before others, before all, etc., to designate a comparative relation;
also sometimes, for the sake of emphasis, with comparatives and superlatives: tibi, Neptune, ante alios deos gratias ago,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 5; so Ov. M. 10, 120:
scito illum ante omnīs minumi mortalem preti,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 8:
tua ante omnes experientia,
Tac. A. 2, 76; 1, 27; Liv. 1, 9:
Junoni ante omnīs candentis vaccae media inter cornua (pateram) fundit,
Verg. A. 4, 59:
Ipse est ante omnes,
Vulg. Col. 1, 17:
O felix una ante alias Priameïa virgo,
Verg. A. 3, 321:
ante omnes furor est insignis equarum,
id. G. 3, 266:
scelere ante alios immanior omnīs,
id. A. 1, 347; Liv. 5, 42:
ante alios pulcherrimus omnīs Turnus,
Verg. A. 7, 55; so Nep. Att. 3, 3; Liv. 1, 15; cf. Rudd. II. p. 82; II. p. 101; II. p. 305.—
b.
Ante omnia.
(α).
Before all things, first of all:
alvus ante omnia ducitur,
Cels. 7, 30:
oportet autem ante omnia os nudare,
id. 8, 2:
Ante omnia instituit, ut etc.,
Suet. Ner. 32; id. Calig. 21:
Ante omnia autem, fratres, etc.,
Vulg. Jac. 5, 12; ib. 1 Petr. 4, 8.—
(β).
Comparatively, above all, especially, chiefty:
publica maestitia eo ante omnia insignis, quia matronae annum, ut parentem, eum luxerunt,
Liv. 2, 7; 7, 4:
quae natura multis et ante omnia ursis,
Plin. 8, 35, 53, § 125:
dulces ante omnia Musae,
the Muses pleasing above all things, Verg. G. 2, 475; id. E. 2, 72:
deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum,
Juv. 10, 191.—
(γ).
In entering upon the discussion of several particulars, or in adducing arguments, first of all, in the first place (similar to ac primum quidem, kai prôton men oun; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 4, 2, 4):
ante omnia quid sit rhetorice,
Quint. 2, 15, 1:
ante omnia igitur imitatio per se ipsa non sufficit,
id. 10, 2, 4; so id. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 40; 4, 2, 52; 5, 13, 6; 9, 1, 23.—
B.
Of time.
1.
Before: ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. ad Her. 2, 13; cf.
Dirks. Transl. 177 sq.: ante lucem a portu me praemisisti domum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 55; so Cic. de Or. 2, 64, 259; id. Inv. 2, 4, 15; Suet. Galb. 22; Vulg. Luc. 24, 22:
ante diem caupo sciet,
Juv. 9, 108:
ante brumam,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 28:
ante noctem,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 51:
pereundum erit ante lucernas,
Juv. 10, 339:
ante haec omnia,
Vulg. Luc. 21, 12.— The designation of time is often expressed paraphrastically.
a.
By a person who lived at the time:
jam ante Socratem,
before the time of, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44:
qui honos togato habitus ante me est nemini,
before me, before my time, id. Cat. 4, 3:
ante Jovem nulli subigebant arva coloni,
Verg. G. 1, 125:
vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 25:
ante Helenam,
id. S. 1, 3, 107:
ante se,
Tac. H. 1, 50:
quod ante eum nemo,
Suet. Caes. 26 al. —
b.
By other objects pertaining to a particular time: ante hoc factum, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 64:
ante has meas litteras,
i. e. before the receipt of this letter, Cic. Fam. 13, 17:
per hunc castissimum ante regiam injuriam sanguinem juro,
Liv. 1, 59:
ante mare et terras, et quod tegit omnia, caelum,
Ov. M. 1, 5:
ante sidus fervidum,
Hor. Epod. 1, 27:
ante cibum,
id. S. 1, 10, 61, and Juv. 6, 428:
Hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta,
before their A B C, id. 14, 209:
cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus?
Verg. A. 11, 424:
Tecum prius ergo voluta Haec ante tubas,
Juv. 1, 169.—Also by the designation of the office of a person:
ante aedilitatem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 17:
ante sceptrum Dictaei regis,
Verg. G. 2, 536:
ante imperium ducis,
Flor. 4, 2, 66:
relictis multis filiis et in regno et ante regnum susceptis,
Just. 2, 10.—And by the designation of office in app. to the person:
mortuus est ante istum praetorem,
Cic. Verr. 1, 45, 115:
docuerant fabulas ante hos consules,
id. Brut. 18, 73:
cum ante illum imperatorem clipeis uterentur,
Nep. Iphicr. 1, 3:
quos ante se imperatorem nemo ausus sit aspicere,
id. Epam. 8, 3.—A part. perf. or fut. pass. is freq. added to such substantives for the sake of explanation:
ante hanc urbem conditam,
before the founding of this city, Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (opp. post urbem conditam):
non multo ante urbem captam,
id. Div. 1, 45:
ante Epaminondam natum,
Nep. Epam. 10, 4:
ante te cognitum multis orantibus opem tuli,
Sall. J. 110, 2:
ante decemviros creatos,
Liv. 3, 53 al. —
2.
Hence particular phrases.
a.
Ante tempus,
(α).
Before the right time:
ante tempus excitatis suis,
Liv. 31, 36.—
(β).
Before the appointed, proper, or lawful time:
factus est consul bis, primum ante tempus,
Cic. Lael. 3:
honores et ante tempus et quosdam novi generis cepit,
Suet. Aug. 26:
venisti ante tempus torquere nos?
Vulg. Matt. 8, 29 (cf. annus, II. D.).—
b.
Ante diem, poet.,
(α).
Before the time:
Caesaribus virtus contigit ante diem,
Ov. A. A. 1, 184:
ante diem vultu gressuque superbo Vicerat aequales,
Stat. S. 2, 1, 108.—
(β).
Before the time destined by fate:
filius ante diem patrios inquirit in annos,
Ov. M. 1, 148:
hic dolor ante diem Pandiona misit ad umbras,
id. ib. 6, 675; id. A. A. 3, 739:
sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, etc.,
Verg. A. 4, 697 (cf. Soph. Antig. 461: ei de tou chronou prosthen thanoumai). —
c.
Ante hunc diem, with a negative:
istunc hominem numquam audivi ante hunc diem,
never before this day, never until now, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 60; 4, 2, 7:
neque umquam ante hunc diem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 19; 5, 4, 23:
Novum crimen et ante hunc diem inauditum ad te Q. Tubero detulit,
Cic. Lig. 1, 1 (cf. Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 17: neque eum ante usquam conspexi prius). —
3.
Ante diem (abbrev. a. d.) with an ordinal number gives the date, not of the foregoing, but of the present day; e. g. ante diem quintum (a. d. V.) Kalendas Apriles, the fifth day before the calends of April. Orig. the ante belonged to Kalendas, and they said either, ante die quinto Kalendas (i. e. die quinto ante Kalendas), or ante diem quintum Kalendas; the latter phraseology became the prevailing one, and ante diem, being considered as one word, the prepp. in and ex could be prefixed; cf. Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 12; Duker ad Liv. 27, 23; Rudd. II. p. 291; Madv. Gr. Suppl. I.; Drak. ad Liv. 45, 2, 12: me ante diem XIII. Kalendas Januarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse, the thirteenth before the calends of January, i. e. the 20 th of Dec., Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 20: ante diem XII. Kalendas Novembres, the 21 st of Oct.: ante diem VI. Kalendas Novembres, the 27 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3: ante diem VIII. Kalendas Decembres, the 24 th of Nov., id. Phil. 3, 8: a. d. IV. Id. Mart. (ante diem quartum Idus Martias), i. e. the 12 th of March, Liv. 40, 59: ante diem III. Non. Jan. M. Cicero natus est, i. e. on the 3 d of Jan., Gell. 15, 28 al.:
in ante diem quartum Kal. Dec. distulit,
Cic. Phil. 3, 8: caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante diem V. Kal. Nov., to the 28 th of Oct., id. Cat. 1, 3:
ex ante diem VII. Id. Febr.,
Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1: nuntii venerant ex ante diem Non. Jun. usque ad prid. Kal. Sept., from the 3 d of June, Cic. Att. 3, 17:
supplicatio indicta est ante diem V. Id. Oct. cum eo die in quinque dies,
Liv. 45, 2, 12.—
4.
Sometimes to designate the whole time until the passing moment:
ante id tempus et mari et terrā duces erant Lace daemonii,
Nep. Arist. 2, 3:
qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit,
id. Timoth. 2, 3:
invictus ante eam diem fuerat,
Curt. 5, 3, 22.—
5.
Ante annos, before the destined time:
Ante suos annos occidit,
Ov. Am. 2, 2, 46:
Ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem,
beyond his years, Verg. A. 9, 311 (cf.:
suos annos praeterire,
Sil. 4, 428; and:
annos transcendere factis,
id. 2, 348). —
6.
Ante hoc, for antea, antehac, belongs to the later Latin:
ante hoc incognita,
Luc. 6, 116:
ante hoc domūs pars videntur,
Tac. G. 13.
II.
Adv., of space and time (the latter most freq.).
A.
Of space, before, in front, forwards: post me erat Aegina, ante Megara, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 9:
fluvius ab tergo, ante circaque velut ripa praeceps oram ejus omnem cingebat,
Liv. 27, 18; 22, 5:
coronatus stabit et ante calix,
Tib. 2, 5, 98:
plena oculis et ante et retro,
Vulg. Apoc. 4, 6.—Of motion (cf. supra, I. A. 1.):
si aut manibus ingrediatur quis aut non ante, sed retro,
Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35:
pallida Tisiphone morbos agit ante metumque,
Verg. G. 3, 552.—
B.
1.. Of time, before, previously (always in reference to another past time, while ante as prep. is used in reference to the present).
a.
With verbs:
nonne oportuit Praescīsse me ante,
Ter. And. 1, 5, 4:
id te oro, ut ante eamus,
id. ib. 3, 3, 24;
very freq. in Cic.: quod utinam illi ante accidisset,
Cic. Phil. 11, 14:
quae ante acta sunt,
id. Verr. 1, 109:
sicut ante fecimus,
Vulg. Jos. 8, 5; ib. Jud. 16, 20:
fructus omnis ante actae vitae,
Cic. Marcell. 3; so Ov. M. 12, 115, and Tac. A. 6, 16:
apud vos ante feci mentionem,
Cic. Agr. 3, 4:
faciam hoc non novum, sed ab eis ante factum,
id. Verr. 1, 55; Verg. E. 9, 63; Juv. 3, 243; 15, 320:
illud de quo ante dixi,
Cic. Sex. Rosc. 116:
quos ante dixi,
id. Off. 2, 14, 50:
ut ante dixi,
id. Imp. Pomp. 16; id. Mil. 45:
quem ad modum ante dixi,
id. Sex. Rosc. 91:
additis, quae ante deliquerant,
Tac. A. 6, 9:
filium ante sublatum brevi amisit,
id. Agr. 6; id. G. 10; id. A. 11, 7; id. H. 2, 43.—And often accomp. by jam:
acceperam jam ante Caesaris litteras, ut etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 49; id. Marcell. 12; id. Verr. 2, 23.—Rarely accomp. by saepe.:
ut saepe ante fecerant,
Cic. Balb. 40; id. Rab. Post. 13.—
b.
Rarely with adjj.:
non filius ante pudicus,
Juv. 3, 111:
quos acciverat, incertum, experiens an et ante gnavos,
Tac. A. 14, 7.—
c.
Often with substt. in the abl. or acc. for a more accurate designation of time (cf. also abhinc with the abl. and acc.; in these cases ante was considered by the ancient critics as a prep., which could also govern the abl.; cf. Charis. p. 209 P.; Serv. ad Verg. E. 1, 30. The position of ante is sometimes before and sometimes after the subst., and sometimes between the numeral and the subst.):
illos septem et multis ante saeculis Lycurgum accepimus fuisse sapientes,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7:
etsi perpaucis ante diebus (i. e. before the departure of Theophilus, of whom mention is afterwards made) dederam Q. Mucio litteras ad te,
id. Fam. 4, 9:
paucis diebus ante,
id. Phil. 2, 40:
viginti annis ante,
id. Lael. 12, 42:
voverat eam annis undecim ante,
Liv. 40, 52, 4 (cf. id. 40, 51:
quae bello Ligustico ante annis octo vovisset): optimum erit ante annum scrobes facere,
a year before, Col. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 7:
Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanae cladis condiderunt,
a year before the fall of Troy, Just. 18, 3, 5:
ante quadriennium amissus es,
four years previously, Tac. Agr. 45:
aliquot ante annos,
Suet. Caes. 12; v. id. ib. 81 al.—
d.
With the advv. multo, paulo, aliquanto, tanto, quanto, and rarely permultum:
multo ante prospexi tempestatem futuram,
Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:
haud multo ante adventum,
Tac. Agr. 18.—And in the order ante multo:
ante multo a te didicerimus,
Cic. Sen. 2, 6:
Venisti paulo ante in senatum,
id. Cat. 1, 7, 16; id. Marcell. 7; id. Mil. 7; Tac. G. 41; id. H. 3, 68; Suet. Caes. 21; Vulg. Sap. 15, 8; ib. 2 Macc. 3, 30;
6, 29 et saep.—And in the order ante paulo: quae ante paulo perbreviter attigi,
Cic. Rep. 2, 4:
profectus est aliquanto ante furorem Catilinae,
id. Sull. 20, 56 bis; id. Verr. 1, 149.—And in the order ante aliquanto: ante aliquanto quam tu natus es, Cic. Fam. [p. 129] 10, 4; id. Vatin. 25; id. Verr. 2, 46:
tanto ante praedixeras,
id. Phil. 2, 33:
quod si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; 5, 78, 89; id. Cat. 3, 17; id. de Or. 1, 7, 26; so Quint. 2, 4, 28:
quanto ante providerit,
Cic. Sest. 8:
permultum ante certior factus eram litteris,
id. Fam. 3, 11; cf. Prisc. p. 1191 P.—
2.
Followed by quam (written also as one word, antequam; the form prius quam was more freq. in archaic Latin), sooner than; before.
a.
With ind. pres.:
ante quam doceo id factum non esse, libet mihi,
Cic. Quinct. 48:
ante quam ad sententiam redeo, de me pauca dicam,
id. Cat. 4, 20; id. Mil. 7; id. Deiot. 7; id. Clu. 6.—
b.
With ind. perf.:
memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum disserere,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11:
anno ipso ante quam natus est Ennius,
id. Brut. 18, 72:
ante aliquanto quam tu natus es,
id. Fam. 10, 3:
neque ante dimisit eum quam fidem dedit,
Liv. 39, 10:
ante quam ille est factus inimicus,
Cic. Phil. 12, 9.—
c.
Rarely with fut. perf.:
ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari,
Cic. Phil. 11, 24:
neque defatigabor ante quam... percepero,
id. de Or. 3, 36, 145.—
d.
With subj. pres.:
ante quam veniat in Pontum, litteras ad Cn. Pompeium mittet,
Cic. Agr. 2, 53:
hac lege ante omnia veniunt, quam gleba una ematur,
id. ib. 2, 71; id. Sest. 15; id. Phil. 1, 1; Verg. E. 1, 60 sqq.; Vulg. Gen. 11, 4; ib. 4 Reg. 2, 9; ib. Matt. 6, 8.—
e.
With subj. imperf.:
Romae et ad urbem, ante quam proficisceretur, quaerere coepit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 167:
qui (sol) ante quam se abderet, fugientem vidit Antonium,
id. Phil. 14, 27; 8, 1; id. Verr. 4, 147; Vulg. Gen. 2, 5; 13, 10; ib. Matt. 1, 18; ib. Joan. 8, 58.—
f.
With subj. perf.:
ante vero quam sit ea res adlata, laetitiā frui satis est,
Cic. Phil. 14, 1:
domesticum malum opprimit ante quam prospicere potueris,
id. Verr. 1, 39; id. Sull. 44; id. Planc. 40:
nec ante vincere desierint quam Rubro mari inclusis quod vincerent defuerit,
Liv. 42, 52:
nec ante (barbam capillumque) dempserit quam vindicāsset,
Suet. Caes. 67.—
g.
With subj. pluperf.:
se ante quam eam uxorem duxisset domum, sperāsse etc.,
Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 71:
qui ante quam de meo adventu audire potuissent, in Macedoniam perrexi,
Cic. Planc. 98:
ut consul ante fieret, quam ullum alium magistratum capere licuisset,
id. Imp. Pomp. 62; id. Quinct. 9; id. Verr. 2, 55; 2, 171.—
h.
With inf.:
dici vix potest quam multa sint quae respondeatis ante fieri oportere, quam ad hanc rationem devenire,
Cic. Quinct. 54.—
i.
With part.:
armati nullum ante finem pugnae quam morientes fecerunt,
Liv. 21, 15, 4 (on the use of these different constructions, v. Roby, §§ 1671, 1462, 1672 etc.; Draeger, Hist. Synt. II. pp. 589 sqq.;
and esp. Fischer, Gr. § 621). —In the poets sometimes with quam before ante: Respice item quam nil ad nos anteacta vetustas Temporis aeterni fuerit, quam nascimur ante,
Lucr. 3, 972:
Non ego signatis quicquam mandare tabellis, Ne legat id nemo quam meus ante, velim,
Tib. 4, 7, 8; Mart. 9, 36, 6.—Also in the poets sometimes pleon. ante—prius—quam:
sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat Ante, pudor, quam te violo aut tua jura resolvo,
Verg. A. 4, 24; so,
prius—quam— ante: Aut prius infecto deposcit praemia cursu, Septima quam metam triverit ante rota?
Prop. 3, 20, 25.—
3.
For the designation of order, foll. by tum, deinde, etc., first, in the first place (only in later Lat. for the class. primum):
ut ante caput, deinde reliqua pars auferatur,
Cels. 7, 29:
et ante dicam de his, quae, etc.: tum, etc.,
id. 5, 26:
ante tonderi... deinde... tum, etc.,
id. 6, 6, 8; so Plin. 34, 13, 34, § 131 dub.—
4.
Very rarely used as adj. (in imitation of the Greek):
neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum,
earlier, previous ills, Verg. A. 1, 198 (cf. tôn paros kakôn, Soph. O. T. 1423):
ille elegit, qui recipit ante meliorem,
Quint. Decl. 1, 14; cf. Liv. 24, 82, 5 (on this use of the adv., v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 76, 5).
III.
In composition.
A.
Of space, before, in front of, forwards: antepono, antefigo, antefero, antemitto.—
B.
Fig. of preference, before, above: antepono.—
C.
Of degree, before, above, more: antepotens, antepollens—
D.
In designations of time only with adjj. and advv.: antelucanus, antemeridianus, antehac, antelucio.With verbs, ante is more correctly written separately: ante actus, ante factus, ante gestus, ante paro, etc., although editions differ in this respect. V. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 361-390, and pp. 394-402.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > anti
6 ardeo

ardĕo, rsi, rsum, 2, v.n. ( perf. subj. ARDVERINT, Inscr. Fratr. Arval., of the time of the emperor Alexander Severus, in Inscr. Orell. 961) [cf. Sanscr. ghar = to shine. Sonne foll. by Curt.], to take fire, to kindle; hence,
I.
Lit., to be on fire, to burn, blaze (syn.:
ardesco, exardeo, flagro, incendor, uror): Nam multis succensa locis ardent sola terrae,
for the soil is on fire in different places, Lucr. 2, 592:
tecta ardentia,
id. 3, 1064: Ultimus ardebit, quem etc., i. e. His home will burn last, whom etc., Juv. 3, 201:
ardente domo,
Tac. A. 15, 50 fin.:
radii ardentes,
Lucr. 6, 618: circumstant cum ardentibus taedis, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 51 Vahl.):
caput arsisse Servio Tullio dormienti,
Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121:
vis ardens fulminis,
Lucr. 6, 145:
Praeneste ardentes lapides caelo decidisse,
Liv. 22, 1:
rogum parari Vidit et arsuros supremis ignibus artus,
Ov. M. 2, 620; 2, 245; 14, 747:
arsurae comae,
Verg. A. 11, 77:
videbat quod rubus arderet,
Vulg. Exod. 3, 2; ib. Deut. 5, 23; ib. Joan. 15, 6.—
II.
Trop.
A.
Of the eyes, to flash, glow, sparkle, shine (syn.:
fulgeo, inardesco, mico): ardent oculi,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 62; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; 2, 5, 62; cf.:
oculi ejus (erant) ut lampas ardens,
Vulg. Dan. 10, 6.—
B.
Poet., transf. to color, to sparkle, glisten, glitter, dazzle:
Tyrio ardebat murice laena,
Verg. A. 4, 262:
campi armis sublimibus ardent,
id. ib. 11, 602. —
C.
In gen., of any passionate emotion [p. 156] or excitement, to burn, glow, be inflamed, usu. with abl. (dolore, irā, studio, invidiā, etc.), but often without an abl.; to be strongly affected, esp. with love; to be inflamed, burn, glow, to blaze, be on fire, be consumed, etc. (syn.: ardesco, exardeo, furo).
(α).
With abl.:
quippe patentia cum totiens ardentia morbis Lumina versarent oculorum, expertia somno,
they rolled around the open eyeballs glowing with heat, Lucr. 6, 1180:
In fluvios partim gelidos ardentia morbo Membra dabant,
their limbs burning with the heat of fever, id. 6, 1172:
ardere flagitio,
Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 1:
amore,
Ter. Eun. 1. 1, 27; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 47:
iracundiā,
Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 12:
curā,
Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 9:
dolore et irā,
Cic. Att. 2, 19:
cupiditate,
id. Pis. 24:
studio et amore,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 2:
desiderio,
id. Mil. 15; id. Tusc. 4, 17, 37:
podagrae doloribus,
to be tormented with, id. Fin. 5, 31, 94:
furore,
Liv. 2, 29 fin. et saep.:
cum arderet Syria bello,
Cic. Att. 5, 6; id. Fam. 4, 1; Liv. 28, 24 fin. al.—
(β).
Without an abl.:
ipse ardere videris,
Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188 (incensus esse, B. and K.); cf. Quint. 11, 3, 145:
omnium animi ad ulciscendum ardebant,
were fired, eager, Caes. B. G. 6, 34:
Ardet,
Ov. M. 6, 609:
ultro implacabilis ardet,
Verg. A. 12, 3:
ardet in arma,
id. ib. 12, 71; so,
in caedem,
Tac. H. 1, 43.— Poet. with inf. as object (cf. infra), to desire ardently to do a thing:
ruere ardet utroque,
Ov. M. 5, 166:
Ardet abire fugā dulcīsque relinquere terras,
Verg. A. 4, 281; 11, 895; Val. Fl. 6, 45.—Esp., to burn with love (syn. uror):
ex aequo captis ardebant mentibus ambo,
Ov. M. 4, 62:
deus arsit in illā,
id. ib. 8, 50 (cf.:
laborantes in uno Penelopen vitreamque Circen,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 19):
arsit Virgine raptā,
Hor. C. 2, 4, 7; cf. id. ib. 3, 9, 6; and with acc. of the object loved (as supra, in constr. with the inf.): formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, Corydon had a burning passion for, etc., Verg. E. 2, 1:
comptos arsit adulteri Crines,
Hor. C. 4, 9, 13:
delphini pueros miris et humanis modis arserunt,
Gell. 6, 8; cf. Arusian. Mess. p. 209 Lind.
► * Pass.
arsus, roasted, Plin. Val. 2, 9.— ardens, entis, P. a., prop. on fire, burning; hence, glowing, fiery, ardent, hot, etc., lit. and trop.
A.
Lit.: sol ardentissimus, Tubero ap. Gell. 6, 4, 3:
ardentissimum tempus,
Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123:
Austri ardentes,
id. 12, 19, 42, § 93:
quinta (zona) est ardentior illis,
hotter, Ov. M. 1, 46:
ardens Africa,
Luc. 9, 729.—
B.
Trop.
1.
Of the eyes:
oculi,
glowing, Verg. G. 4, 451.—
2.
Of color:
ardentissimus color,
Plin. 21, 4, 10, § 16:
apes ardentes auro,
glowing, glittering as with gold, Verg. G. 4, 99; so id. A. 10, 262.—
3.
Of wounds, burning, smarting:
ardenti morsu premere dolorem,
with burning bite, Lucr. 3, 663.—
4.
Of wine, strong, fiery:
ardentis Falerni Pocula,
Hor. C. 2, 11, 19; cf. Mart. 9, 7, 45.—
5.
Of passion or strong feeling, burning, glowing, eager, impatient, ardent:
avaritia ardens,
Cic. Fin. 3, 11, 36:
mortem ardentiore studio petere,
id. ib. 2, 19, 61:
ardentes in eum litteras ad me misit,
id. Att. 14, 10 fin.:
ardentissimus dux,
Flor. 4, 2, 42; 1, 8, 2:
ardentissimus amor,
Vulg. 3, Reg. 11, 2:
studia,
Ov. M. 1, 199:
Nonne cor nostrum ardens erat in nobis,
Vulg. Luc. 24, 32:
furor,
ib. Isa. 30, 27:
miserere ardentis (sc. amore),
Ov. M. 14, 691.— Poet. with gen.:
ardens caedis,
Stat. Th. 1, 662.—In Cic. freq. of passionate, excited discourse:
nec umquam is qui audiret, incenderetur, nisi ardens ad eum perveniret oratio,
Cic. Or. 38, 132:
verbum,
id. ib. 8, 27 (cf. id. Brut. 24 fin.):
nisi ipse (orator) inflammatus ad eam (mentem) et ardens accesserit,
id. de Or. 2, 45, 190:
orator gravis, acer, ardens,
id. Or. 28, 99 al. — Adv. ardenter, only trop., in a burning, fiery, eager, passionate manner, ardently, eagerly, passionately:
ardenter aliquid cupere,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 39; Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 6.— Comp.:
ardentius sitire,
to have a more burning thirst, Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16:
ardentius diligere,
Plin. Ep. 7, 20, 7, id. Pan. 85, 7:
ardentius amare,
Suet. Calig. 25.— Sup.:
ardentissime diligere,
Plin. Ep. 6, 4, 3; Suet. Dom. 22.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ardeo
7 claudo

1.
claudo ( * clōdo:
clodunt ita (oculos),
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.
I.
To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).
(α).
Claudo:
forem cubiculi,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;
and, clausae fores,
Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:
conventus portus Varroni clausit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 19:
januam serā,
Tib. 1, 2, 6:
domum,
Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:
ostia,
Cat. 6, 231:
portas,
Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:
omnes aditus,
id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:
rivos,
to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:
ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:
ocellos (in dying),
Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,
oculos,
Luc. 5, 28:
lumina,
Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:
clausis foribus,
Lucr. 4, 598.—
(β).
Cludo:
domum,
Tac. H. 1, 33:
Janum Quirinum ter clusit,
Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:
animam clusit dolor,
Luc. 8, 59.—
2.
Trop.:
nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,
Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:
domus clausa contra cupiditatem,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:
habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,
id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:
aures ad doctissimas voces,
id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:
cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,
Sen. Ep. 123, 9:
horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,
Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:
alicui iter,
id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:
alios incessus,
Tac. A. 6, 33:
sideritis sanguinem claudit,
i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:
cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64:
clausa consilia habere,
i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:
vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,
id. ib. 2, 828).—
B.
To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).
(α).
Claudo:
cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,
Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:
opus,
Ov. F. 3, 384:
jus,
Luc. 5, 44:
labores ingentis belli,
Sil. 15, 655:
epistulam,
Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:
cenas lactucā,
Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:
cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,
id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—
(β).
Cludo:
cludere bella,
Stat. Th. 11, 58:
cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,
Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.
opp. incipere,
id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):
cum versus cluditur,
id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—
2.
Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,
aciem,
Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—
II.
(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).
(α).
Claudo, with abl.:
locum aquā,
Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:
quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:
(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,
Verg. A. 6, 734:
stabulis armenta,
id. G. 3, 352:
claudens textis cratibus pecus,
Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:
ensem vaginā,
Luc. 5, 245:
aliquem Gyaro,
Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:
clausus domo,
id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:
intra domum,
id. H. 4, 49:
rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,
Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:
clauditur cubiculo aliquis,
Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:
in arcā,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:
claudam in curiā vos,
Liv. 23, 2, 9:
in tectis,
Ov. M. 3, 697:
(apes) in arbore inani,
id. F. 3, 743:
aquilonem in antris,
id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:
nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:
insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,
Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:
praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,
Caes. B. C. 3, 23:
urbem operibus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:
urbem obsidione,
Nep. Epam. 8, 5:
adversarios locorum angustiis,
id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:
multitudine,
id. Milt. 5, 3:
hinc Tusco claudimur amni,
are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:
nemorum saltus,
Verg. E. 6, 56:
indagine collis,
Tib. 4, 3, 7:
silvas vastasque feras indagine,
Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:
insidiis altas valles,
Tib. 1, 4, 49:
cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,
Ov. F. 5, 371.—
(β).
Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:
venti clusi Nubibus,
Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—
B.
Trop.:
numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:
nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,
id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.
I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,
Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:
pedibus verba,
i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:
quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,
Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):
clausa effringere,
Sall. J. 12, 5:
in clauso linquere,
in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:
fructus clauso custodire,
Col. 12, praef. §
3: sub uno clauso,
id. 7, 6, 5:
clausa domorum,
Lucr. 1, 354:
clausa viarum,
id. 4, 612.
2.
claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > claudo
8 clusum

1.
claudo ( * clōdo:
clodunt ita (oculos),
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330 fin.; but some refer clodo to claudeo; and more freq., although not in Cic., clūdo, as always in the compounds; v. infra), si, sum, 3, v. a. [root sklu-, klu-, to shut; cf. kleiô, kleis, clavis; O. H. Germ. scliuzu; M. H. Germ. schliessen; also claudus, clavus], to shut.
I.
To shut something that is open, to close, shut up (opp. aperire; freq. in prose and poetry).
(α).
Claudo:
forem cubiculi,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; cf. Quint. 10, 3, 25;
and, clausae fores,
Tib. 1, 9, 44; Suet. Ner. 47:
conventus portus Varroni clausit,
Caes. B. C. 2, 19:
januam serā,
Tib. 1, 2, 6:
domum,
Ov. P. 1, 7, 36 sq.:
ostia,
Cat. 6, 231:
portas,
Cic. Fl. 25, 61; Hor. C. 3, 5, 23; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, § 68:
omnes aditus,
id. Phil. 1, 10, 25; Tac. A. 12, 68; Stat. Th. 6, 752:
rivos,
to dam up, Verg. E. 3, 111:
ad claudendas pupulas, ne quid incideret, et ad aperiendas, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142:
ocellos (in dying),
Prop. 2 (3), 13, 17; so,
oculos,
Luc. 5, 28:
lumina,
Verg. A. 10, 746; Ov. M. 3, 503:
clausis foribus,
Lucr. 4, 598.—
(β).
Cludo:
domum,
Tac. H. 1, 33:
Janum Quirinum ter clusit,
Suet. Aug. 22; Flor. 4, 12, 64:
animam clusit dolor,
Luc. 8, 59.—
2.
Trop.:
nec ita claudenda est res familiaris, ut eam benignitas aperire non possit,
Cic. Off. 2, 15, 55:
domus clausa contra cupiditatem,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:
habere domum clausam pudori et sanctimoniae, patentem cupiditati et voluptatibus,
id. Quint. 30, 93; cf. id. Fam. 4, 13, 6:
aures ad doctissimas voces,
id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2; cf. Liv. 40, 8, 20:
cludendae sunt aures malis vocibus,
Sen. Ep. 123, 9:
horum ferocia vocem Euandri clausit,
Liv. 44, 45, 11: fugam hostibus, q. s. to block up, to cut off, prevent, id. 27, 18, 20; so Ov. M. 6, 572:
alicui iter,
id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 8, 548:
alios incessus,
Tac. A. 6, 33:
sideritis sanguinem claudit,
i. e. stops, stanches, Plin. 26, 13, 83, § 135:
cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64:
clausa consilia habere,
i. e. to conceal, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 63; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Ov. M. 2, 641; id. F. 4, 846; Sil. 1, 140.— Poet.: animam laqueo, i. e. to end one ' s life, Ov. M. 7, 604 (cf.:
vitalesque vias et respiramina clausit,
id. ib. 2, 828).—
B.
To close, end, conclude (so, except the milit. expression, agmen, only poet. or in post-Aug. prose; most freq. in Quint.).
(α).
Claudo:
cujus octavum trepidavit aetas Claudere lustrum,
Hor. C. 2, 4, 24:
opus,
Ov. F. 3, 384:
jus,
Luc. 5, 44:
labores ingentis belli,
Sil. 15, 655:
epistulam,
Ov. H. 13, 165; 20, 242:
cenas lactucā,
Mart. 13, 14; Quint. 9, 4, 13:
cum ventum est ad ipsum illud, quo veteres tragoediae comoediaeque clauduntur, Plaudite,
id. 6, 1, 52; cf. id. 1, 8, 1; 2, 15, 27.—
(β).
Cludo:
cludere bella,
Stat. Th. 11, 58:
cludendi incohandique sententias ratio,
Quint. 9, 4, 18; cf.
opp. incipere,
id. 9, 4, 67 (as claudere, opp. incipere, id. 1, 8, 1):
cum versus cluditur,
id. 9, 4, 65; cf. id. 9, 4, 26; 9, 4, 71; 9, 4, 73; 9, 4, 93; 9, 4, 102; 9, 4, 104; 9, 4, 105; 12, 10, 31.—
2.
Agmen, in milit. lang., to close the procession or train, to bring up the rear, Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Curt. 3, 3, 21; 4, 12, 4; so,
aciem,
Sil. 7, 590; cf. cogo, I. B. 3.—
II.
(For the compounds includo, concludo.) Claudere aliquid aliquā re, to shut up or in something by something, to enclose, encompass, surround, imprison, hide, confine (class., esp. freq. in poetry and in the historians).
(α).
Claudo, with abl.:
locum aquā,
Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 1:
quae (Syracusarum urbs) loci naturā terrā marique clauderetur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 4:
(animae) clausae tenebris et carcere caeco,
Verg. A. 6, 734:
stabulis armenta,
id. G. 3, 352:
claudens textis cratibus pecus,
Hor. Epod. 2, 45; cf. Ov. M. 2, 554; 4, 646:
ensem vaginā,
Luc. 5, 245:
aliquem Gyaro,
Tac. A. 4, 30; 14, 63:
clausus domo,
id. ib. 15, 53; cf.:
intra domum,
id. H. 4, 49:
rivus praealtis utrimque clausus ripis,
Liv. 21, 54, 1; cf. id. 21, 43, 4; 41, 27, 12; Quint. 1, 10, 45:
clauditur cubiculo aliquis,
Tac. A. 15, 69; cf.: in atras et profundas tenebras eum claudebant, Tubero ap. Gell. 7 (6), 4, 3:
in arcā,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 59:
claudam in curiā vos,
Liv. 23, 2, 9:
in tectis,
Ov. M. 3, 697:
(apes) in arbore inani,
id. F. 3, 743:
aquilonem in antris,
id. M. 1, 262.—Without abl.:
nihil se tam clausum posse habere, quod non istius cupiditati apertissimum esset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 42:
insula ea sinum ab alto claudit,
Liv. 30, 24, 9; cf. Tac. G. 34; Quint. 1, 10, 42; Ov. M. 1, 568 al.—In milit. lang., of a hostile encompassing, to encompass, invest, besiege, blockade, etc.:
praestare arbitrabatur, unum locum... quam omnia litora ac portus custodiā clausos teneri,
Caes. B. C. 3, 23:
urbem operibus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 2; Liv. 25, 22, 12 al.; cf.:
urbem obsidione,
Nep. Epam. 8, 5:
adversarios locorum angustiis,
id. Dat. 8, 4; cf. id. Epam. 7, 1; id. Ham. 2, 4:
multitudine,
id. Milt. 5, 3:
hinc Tusco claudimur amni,
are hemmed in, Verg. A. 8, 473.—So of hunting:
nemorum saltus,
Verg. E. 6, 56:
indagine collis,
Tib. 4, 3, 7:
silvas vastasque feras indagine,
Luc. 6, 42; Stat. Th. 2, 553:
insidiis altas valles,
Tib. 1, 4, 49:
cur tibi clauduntur rete Imbelles capr eae,
Ov. F. 5, 371.—
(β).
Cludo, Varr. R. R. 3, 3, 5:
venti clusi Nubibus,
Lucr. 6, 197; Flor. 3, 20, 13.—
B.
Trop.:
numcubi meam Benignitatem sensisti in te claudier?
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 84:
nolo tibi ullum commodum in me claudier,
id. And. 3, 3, 41; cf.
I. A. 2. supra.—Esp. of speech and rhythm: qui non claudunt numeris sententias,
Cic. Or. 68, 229; 58, 198:
pedibus verba,
i. e. to compose verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28; cf. id. ib. 1, 10, 59:
quod clausae hieme Alpes essent,
Liv. 27, 36, 4; cf. Verg. G. 2, 317: rura gelu tum claudit hiems (and id. A. 2, 111: illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems).—Hence, P.a. as subst.: clausum ( clūsum), i, n., an enclosed place (for confining or keeping any thing):
clausa effringere,
Sall. J. 12, 5:
in clauso linquere,
in confinement, Verg. G. 4, 303:
fructus clauso custodire,
Col. 12, praef. §
3: sub uno clauso,
id. 7, 6, 5:
clausa domorum,
Lucr. 1, 354:
clausa viarum,
id. 4, 612.
2.
claudo, ĕre, v. claudeo.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > clusum
9 debeo

dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).
I.
Lit., of money and money's worth.
a.
Act.,
(α).
with acc.:
quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:
Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,
Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,
pecuniam alicui,
id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:
qui dissolverem quae debeo,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:
appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,
Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,
grandem pecuniam,
Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:
talenta CC,
id. Att. 5, 21, 12:
quadruplum, duplum,
Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—
(β).
Without acc.:
illis quibus debeo,
Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:
ut illi quam plurimi deberent,
Sall. J. 96, 2:
nec ipsi debeo,
Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;
adhuc non solvit,
Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—
b.
Pass.:
dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,
Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:
quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:
a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,
id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:
quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:
quaeretur an debeatur,
Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,
(β).
Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:
ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
tamquam debito fraudetur,
id. Or. 53, 178:
ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:
reddere,
to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.
2.
Prov.:
animan debere,
to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).
II.
Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.
A.
To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).
1.
In gen.
a.
Act.
(α).
with acc.:
ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,
Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:
quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,
Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,
gratiam,
Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:
videris patriae hoc munus debere,
Cic. Leg. 1, 25:
si fidem debet tutor,
Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:
dies longa videtur opus debentibus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:
quos mundo debes oculos,
Ov. M. 4, 197:
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,
Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:
juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,
Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:
Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,
Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:
isti tibi quid homines debent?
i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin. —
(β).
With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):
debetis velle quae velimus,
Plaut. Am. prol. 39:
num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?
Cic. Lael. 11:
multo illa gravius aestimare debere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:
Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,
id. B. C. 1, 30:
debes hoc etiam rescribere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:
ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,
id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:
scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;
dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,
Ov. M. 3, 137):
ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,
Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):
omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,
Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—
b.
Pass., to be due or owing:
Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:
quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,
id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:
honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,
Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:
persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!
Verg. A. 2, 538:
debita quam sulcis committas semina,
id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):
debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,
Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:
calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,
id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):
soli mihi Pallas debetur,
Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:
quid tibi istic debetur?
what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a
(α).
.—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):
velut omni vitae debito liberatus,
Curt. 10, 5, 3:
nepotum nutriendorum,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:
non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,
Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:
solvere debito,
to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—
2.
Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.
a.
To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).
(α).
Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:
debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,
Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,
(β).
pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:
cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,
Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;
145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,
id. ib. 12, 795:
animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,
id. ib. 6, 714:
sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,
id. ib. 11, 166:
fatis debitus Arruns,
i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:
dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,
id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:
tempora Parcae debita complerant,
id. ib. 9, 108:
morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,
Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;
and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,
id. ib. no. 4482.—
b.
So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):
tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,
Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.
B.
To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.
(α).
With acc.:
ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,
Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;
qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:
me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,
id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;
and quantum cuique deberet,
Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:
o cui debere salutem Confiteor,
Ov. M. 7, 164;
so vitam,
id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;
and in a like sense: se,
id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,
in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,
id. Fast. 2, 825. —
(β).
Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:
verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,
Cic. Planc. 28; cf.
with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,
Ov. M. 4, 76.
C.
To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:
quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,
Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:
sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,
id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > debeo
10 Debitum

dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).
I.
Lit., of money and money's worth.
a.
Act.,
(α).
with acc.:
quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:
Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,
Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,
pecuniam alicui,
id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:
qui dissolverem quae debeo,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:
appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,
Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,
grandem pecuniam,
Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:
talenta CC,
id. Att. 5, 21, 12:
quadruplum, duplum,
Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—
(β).
Without acc.:
illis quibus debeo,
Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:
ut illi quam plurimi deberent,
Sall. J. 96, 2:
nec ipsi debeo,
Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;
adhuc non solvit,
Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—
b.
Pass.:
dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,
Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:
quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:
a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,
id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:
quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:
quaeretur an debeatur,
Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,
(β).
Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:
ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:
tamquam debito fraudetur,
id. Or. 53, 178:
ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,
will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:
reddere,
to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.
2.
Prov.:
animan debere,
to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).
II.
Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.
A.
To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).
1.
In gen.
a.
Act.
(α).
with acc.:
ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,
Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:
quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,
Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,
gratiam,
Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:
videris patriae hoc munus debere,
Cic. Leg. 1, 25:
si fidem debet tutor,
Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:
dies longa videtur opus debentibus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:
quos mundo debes oculos,
Ov. M. 4, 197:
debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,
Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:
juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,
Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:
Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,
Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:
isti tibi quid homines debent?
i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin. —
(β).
With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):
debetis velle quae velimus,
Plaut. Am. prol. 39:
num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?
Cic. Lael. 11:
multo illa gravius aestimare debere,
Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:
Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,
id. B. C. 1, 30:
debes hoc etiam rescribere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:
ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,
id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:
scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;
dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,
Ov. M. 3, 137):
ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,
Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):
omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,
Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—
b.
Pass., to be due or owing:
Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:
quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,
id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:
honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,
Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:
persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!
Verg. A. 2, 538:
debita quam sulcis committas semina,
id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):
debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,
Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:
calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,
id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):
soli mihi Pallas debetur,
Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:
quid tibi istic debetur?
what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a
(α).
.—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):
velut omni vitae debito liberatus,
Curt. 10, 5, 3:
nepotum nutriendorum,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:
non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,
Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:
solvere debito,
to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—
2.
Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.
a.
To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).
(α).
Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:
debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,
Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,
(β).
pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:
cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,
Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;
145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,
id. ib. 12, 795:
animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,
id. ib. 6, 714:
sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,
id. ib. 11, 166:
fatis debitus Arruns,
i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:
dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,
id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:
tempora Parcae debita complerant,
id. ib. 9, 108:
morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,
Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;
and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,
id. ib. no. 4482.—
b.
So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):
tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,
Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.
B.
To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.
(α).
With acc.:
ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,
Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;
qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:
me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,
id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;
and quantum cuique deberet,
Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:
o cui debere salutem Confiteor,
Ov. M. 7, 164;
so vitam,
id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;
and in a like sense: se,
id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,
in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,
id. Fast. 2, 825. —
(β).
Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:
verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,
Cic. Planc. 28; cf.
with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,
Ov. M. 4, 76.
C.
To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:
quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,
Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:
sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,
id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Debitum
11 deinde

dĕindĕ, and abbrev. dein (cf. Prisc. p. 1008 P., and exin, proin —in both forms ei is monosyl. in the class. poets;
as dissyl.,
Prud. Cath. 10, 100; id. Ditt. 1, 1), adv. [de-inde], thereafter, thereupon (for syn. cf.: dein, exinde, inde, deinceps, post, postea, porro).—
I.
In place (rare), from there, from that place:
via interest perangusta, deinde paulo latior patescit campus,
Liv. 22, 4.—
B.
Transf. in (local) succession, thereafter, next (cf. dehinc, no. I. B.):
auxiliares Galli Germanique in fronte, post quos pedites sagittarii, dein quatuor legiones, exin totidem aliae legiones, etc.,
next, Tac. A. 2, 16:
juxta Hermanduros Narisci, ac deinde Marcomanni,
id. G. 42:
haec quidem duo binis pedibus incisim: dein membratim, etc.,
Cic. Or. 63, 213; cf. id. N. D. 2, 42 fin.:
Baliares locat ante signa... dein graviorem armis peditem,
Liv. 21, 55, 2.—
II.
In time.
A.
Thereafter, afterwards, then (common in all periods and styles):
hostes contra legiones suas instruunt. Deinde utrique imperatores in medium exeunt,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 68:
accepit conditionem, dein quaestum occipit,
Ter. Andr. 1, 1, 52:
complures ex iis occiderunt: deinde se in castra receperunt,
Caes. B. G. 4, 35 fin.:
dein Tubero, Nescio (inquit) Africane,
Cic. Rep. 1, 10: incipe, Damoeta;
tu deinde sequēre, Menalca. Alternis dicetis,
Verg. E. 3, 58;
unguibus et pugnis, dein fustibus, atque ita porro Pugnabant armis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 101:
in Aequis nihil deinde memorabile actum,
Liv. 3, 3.—
b.
Freq. after primum, principio, prius, inde, postea, postremo, etc.:
Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 25; cf. id. ib. 3, 20 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 74; 3, 108 et saep.:
principio duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, deinde, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 2, 20:
plebs montem sacrum prius, deinde Aventinum occupavit,
id. ib. 2, 33; cf. ib. 2, 37:
hunc secutus est Cursor. deinde L. Maso aedilicius: inde multi Masones...: deinde Carbones et Turdi insequuntur,
id. Fam. 9, 21 med.:
jubent venire agros Attalensium...: deinde agros in Macedonia regios...: deinde agrum optimum et fructuosissimum Corinthium...: post autem agros in Hispania... tum vero ipsam veterem Carthaginem vendunt,
id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:
quippe oppidana lascivia invicem incessente probra, deinde saxa, postremo ferrum sumpsere,
Tac. A. 14, 17 et saep.; so,
corresp. with in praesentia,
Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 26.—
c.
Connected with tum, tunc, postea, porro, postremo, etc.:
primum ea quae sumus acturi cogitare debemus, deinde tum dicere ac facere,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 42 Müll.; so,
deinde tum,
Quint. 4, 2, 27:
deinde tunc,
Sen. Ep. 74, 23:
tum deinde,
Liv. 2, 8:
tunc deinde,
Val. Fl. 8, 109: servos Milonis sibi confessos esse de interficiendo Cn. Pompeio conjurasse;
deinde postea se gladio percussum esse, etc.,
Cic. Mil. 24, 65; so,
deinde postea,
id. Inv. 1, 28, 43: id. Tusc. 4, 1, 2: Liv. 41, 24; Cels. 3, 4; 5, 28 al.:
postea deinde,
id. 7, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1 ext. 5; cf.
also deinde eam postea supprimat,
Cic. Clu. 26, 71:
post deinde,
Ter. Andr. 3, 2, 3; Cic. Att. 2, 23:
deinde post,
Nep. Eum, 5, 5; Vell. 2, 23, 3:
deinde porro,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 103; id. Epid. 5, 2, 61:
mox deinde,
Tib. 1, 5, 73:
deinde postremo,
Cic. Inv. 1, 28, 43; cf.:
deinde ad extremum,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28; id. Pis. 31 fin.:
deinde deinceps,
id. Div. 1, 30, 64 (dub.); id, Leg. 3, 2, 4; Liv. 2, 47.—
d.
Strengthened by cum, postquam, posteaquam, ubi, etc.:
dein (deinde) cum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 12, 18:
deinde cum,
as soon as, Liv. 3, 47; cf.:
dein cum,
Plin. 19, 8, 51, § 166:
deinde (dein) postquam,
Liv. 3, 66; 6, 13; 7, 37 et saep.:
deinde posteaquam,
Cels. 7 praef.:
deinde (dein) ubi,
Sall. J. 68, 69; id. C. 45 fin.; Liv. 7, 14. —
B.
Of future time, hereafter, from this time forward (rare):
tu velim cures ut sciam, quibus nos dare oporteat eas, quas ad te deinde litteras mittemus,
Cic. ad Q. Frat. 3, 8, 2; cf. id. de Or. 2, 280;
experiamini quidquid deinde fors tulerit,
Curt. 5, 25, 17. —
III.
In an enumeration or succession of facts or arguments, afterwards, next in order, then:
ut a prima congressione maris et feminae, deinde a progenie et cognatione ordiar, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 24, 48:
te ad coenas itare desisse moleste fero... Deinde etiam vereor... ne, etc.,
id. Fam. 9, 24, 2; id. de Or. 2, 11, 45 sq. et saep.—
B.
Esp. freq. following primum (primus), followed by postremo al.:
quod in homine multo est evidentius, primum ex ea caritate, quae, etc., deinde, etc.,
Cic. Lael. 8, 27; 18, 65; 20, 73; id. Rep. 1, 13; 1, 17 et passim; cf.
deinde, several times repeated,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 45; id. Inv. 1, 28, 43; id. Or. 54, 108 al.:
primum with deinde eight times, and finally postremo,
id. Inv. 2, 49, 145:
deinde... tum... post, etc.,
Cels. 2, 18; 3, 7 et saep.:
deinde... deinde... postremo...,
Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 49: excellente tum Crasso et Antonio, deinde ( next in the order of excellence, not of time) Philippo, post Julio, id. Brut. 88, 301:
deinde... tum... postremo,
Quint. 3, 9, 6 sq.:
prima nobilitas Cilicio... dein Lyciae Olympo, mox Centuripino, etc.,
Plin. 21, 6, 17, § 31;
so after optimus,
Plin. 25, 11, 87, § 136; 37, 9, 38, § 119;
after laudatissimus,
id. 21, 18, 69, § 115; cf. id. 21, 21, 92, § 160:
femur promovetur saepissime in interiorem: deinde in exteriorem: raro admodum in priorem aut posteriorem,
Cels. 8, 20.—
C.
So, in a climax, emphasizing the last of a series:
suis artibus, fraude, deinde insidiis est prope circumventus,
at length, in fine, Liv. 21, 34; id. 21, 41; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 238 -249.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > deinde
12 delinquo

dē-linquo, līqui, lictum, 3 ( perf. delinquerunt, Liv. 1, 32 codd.), v. n. and a., to fail, be wanting.
I.
Lit., to fail, be lacking, for the usual deficere (cf. 1. deliquium, = defectus—very rare): delinquere frumentum, Cael. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 4, 390: delinquat aut superet aliquid tibi, Tubero ib.—
II.
Trop. (class.), to fail, be wanting in one's duty; to commit a fault, to do wrong, transgress, offend; and, delinquere aliquid, to commit, do something wrong.
(α).
Absol.:
QVOD POPVLVS HERMVNDVLVS HOMINESQVE POPVLI HERMVNDVLI ADVERSVS POPVLVM ROMANVM BELLVM FECERE DELIQVERVNTQVE, etc., an old formula used in declaring war,
Gell. 16, 4; cf. id. ap. Liv. 1, 32:
an quia non delinquunt viri?
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 41:
ut condemnaretur filius aut nepos, si pater aut avus deliquisset?
Cic. N. D. 3, 38:
mercede delinquere (opp. gratis recte facere),
Sall. Hist. Fragm. 3, 61, 5 Dietsch:
in vita,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 4 fin.; cf.:
in bello miles,
id. Clu. 46; and:
hac quoque in re,
id. Inv. 2, 10, 33:
in ancilla,
Ov. M. 2, 8, 9:
deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem,
Sall. C. 52, 26:
paulum deliquit amicus,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 84:
multo jam ut praestet laxitate delinquere,
Plin. 17, 12, 19, § 94.—Of errors in language, Quint. 1, 5, 49.—
(β).
With acc. respect.:
dum caveatur praeter aequum ne quid delinquat,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 14; so,
quid,
id. Men. 5, 2, 30; id. Ps. 4, 7, 129; Cic. Agr. 2, 36 fin.; Sall. C. 51, 12:
quae,
id. J. 28, 4:
quid erga aliquem,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 9:
quid ego tibi deliqui?
id. Am. 2, 2, 185.—With object. acc.:
flagitia,
Tac. A. 12, 54 fin.; cf.:
multo majora deliquit,
Vulg. 2 Par. 33, 23.— Pass.:
adulterium quod pubertate delinquitur,
Dig. 48, 5, 38; cf. delictum.— Pass. impers.:
ut nihil a me adhuc delictum putem,
Cic. Att. 9, 10 fin.; Gell. 5, 4, 2.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > delinquo
13 dura

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
I.
Lit.
A.
Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:
et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,
silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:
ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:
cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:
bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:
ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:
aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:
compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:
pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:
arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.
cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:
alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.
muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:
dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:
gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:
fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:
ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:
durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
(α).
E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
(β).
Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
B.
Transf.
1.
As affecting the sense of taste:
vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:
sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:
acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
2.
As affecting the ear:
vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):
aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:
consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:
syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:
verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:
compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.
II.
Trop.
A.
Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:
Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:
(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:
Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:
C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:
pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:
terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
2.
But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):
fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:
Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:
durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:
unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):
gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:
genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:
Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:
Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:
Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:
vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:
ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:
juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
B.
Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:
quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:
quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:
neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;
ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:
satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:
Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:
mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):
duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:
quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:
ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:
cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
C.
Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:
opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,
servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.
lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:
condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:
provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.
partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:
dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:
labor,
id. 5, 1272:
subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:
venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:
dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:
durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:
morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.
valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:
dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:
frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:
fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:
pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:
causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:
nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:
verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.
ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:
siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:
ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:
hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
A.
(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:
juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:
durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
B.
(Acc. to II. A.-C.)
1.
Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:
membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:
duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:
dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
b.
Hardily, rigorously, austerely:
vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
2.
Harshly, roughly, sternly:
quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:
duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
3.
Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:
durius cadentibus rebus,
Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dura
14 durum

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
I.
Lit.
A.
Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:
et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,
silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:
ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:
cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:
bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:
ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:
aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:
compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:
pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:
arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.
cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:
alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.
muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:
dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:
gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:
fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:
ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:
durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
(α).
E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
(β).
Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
B.
Transf.
1.
As affecting the sense of taste:
vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:
sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:
acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
2.
As affecting the ear:
vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):
aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:
consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:
syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:
verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:
compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.
II.
Trop.
A.
Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:
Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:
(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:
Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:
C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:
pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:
terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
2.
But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):
fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:
Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:
durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:
unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):
gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:
genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:
Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:
Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:
Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:
vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:
ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:
juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
B.
Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:
quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:
quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:
neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;
ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:
satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:
Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:
mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):
duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:
quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:
ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:
cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
C.
Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:
opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,
servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.
lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:
condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:
provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.
partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:
dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:
labor,
id. 5, 1272:
subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:
venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:
dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:
durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:
morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.
valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:
dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:
frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:
fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:
pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:
causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:
nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:
verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.
ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:
siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:
ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:
hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
A.
(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:
juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:
durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
B.
(Acc. to II. A.-C.)
1.
Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:
membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:
duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:
dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
b.
Hardily, rigorously, austerely:
vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
2.
Harshly, roughly, sternly:
quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:
duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
3.
Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:
durius cadentibus rebus,
Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > durum
15 durus

dūrus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root dhar, to fix, confirm], hard.
I.
Lit.
A.
Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling:
et validi silices ac duri robora ferri,
Lucr. 2, 449; so,
silex,
Verg. A. 6, 471:
ferrum,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 31:
cautes,
Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672:
bipennes,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 57:
ligones,
id. Epod. 5, 30:
aratrum,
id. S. 1, 1, 28:
compes,
id. Epod. 4, 4:
pellis,
Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502:
arva,
id. ib. 2, 341; cf.
cutis,
Ov. M. 8, 805:
alvus,
Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf.
muria,
saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria:
dumeta,
i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.:
gallina,
tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.:
fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient,
Plin. 22, 23, 47, § 99 et saep.— Sup.:
ladanum durissimum tactu,
Plin. 26, 8, 30, § 48; cf.:
durissimus tophus vel carbunculus,
Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.
(α).
E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—
(β).
Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—
B.
Transf.
1.
As affecting the sense of taste:
vinum, opp. suavis,
hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.:
sapor Bacchi,
Verg. G. 4, 102:
acetum,
Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—
2.
As affecting the ear:
vocis genera permulta:... grave acutum, flexibile durum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.):
aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio,
Quint. 8, 6, 62:
consonantes,
id. 11, 3, 35:
syllabae,
id. 12, 10, 30:
verba,
id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72:
compositio,
id. 9, 4, 142.
II.
Trop.
A.
Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated:
Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,
Cic. Brut. 31; cf.:
(Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus,
id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29:
Attilius poëta durissimus,
id. Att. 14, 20, 3:
C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur,
id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. § 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.:
pictor durus in coloribus,
Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.:
terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis,
id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—
2.
But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets):
fortes et duri Spartiatae,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.:
Ligures, durum in armis genus,
Liv. 27, 48:
durum genus experiensque laborum,
hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414:
unde homines nati, durum genus,
Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. laas and laos, Pind. Ol. 9, 71):
gens dura atque aspera cultu,
a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730:
genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset,
Lucr. 5, 926:
Dardanidae,
Verg. A. 3, 94:
Hannibal,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 2:
Iberia,
id. ib. 4, 14, 50:
vindemiator,
id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.:
ilia messorum,
id. Epod. 3, 4:
juvenci,
Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —
B.
Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate:
quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc.,
Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.:
quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc.,
id. Arch. 8:
neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt,
id. Lael. 13 fin.;
ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili,
Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12:
satis pater durus fui,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17:
Varius qui est habitus judex durior,
Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4:
mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis,
Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere):
duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis,
Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7:
quid nos dura refugimus aetas?
id. ib. 1, 35, 34:
ōs durum,
shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451:
cor,
Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—
C.
Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate:
opulento homini hoc servitus dura est,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so,
servitus,
Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf.
lex,
Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1:
condicio,
Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.:
provincia,
Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf.
partes,
id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A:
dolor,
Lucr. 3, 460:
labor,
id. 5, 1272:
subvectiones,
Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:
venatus,
Ov. M. 4, 307:
dura cultu et aspera plaga,
Liv. 45, 30 fin.:
durissimo tempore anni,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.:
morbum acrem ac durum,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf.
valetudo,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 88:
dolores,
Verg. A. 5, 5:
frigus,
Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10:
fames,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 6:
pauperies,
id. C. 4, 9, 49:
causa,
Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26:
nomen (opp. molle),
Cic. Off. 1, 12:
verbum,
id. Brut. 79, 274:
propositio,
Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf.
ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc.,
Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties:
siccis omnia dura deus proposuit,
Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522:
ego dura tuli,
Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.:
hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant,
if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.— Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.
A.
(Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly:
juga premunt duriter colla (boum),
Vitr. 10, 8.— Comp.:
durius,
Vitr. 10, 15 fin. —
B.
(Acc. to II. A.-C.)
1.
Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly:
membra moventes Duriter,
Lucr. 5, 1401:
duriter,
Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15:
dure,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.— Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—
b.
Hardily, rigorously, austerely:
vitam parce ac duriter agebat,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—
2.
Harshly, roughly, sternly:
quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit,
Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.:
duriter,
Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.— Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—
3.
Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately:
durius cadentibus rebus,
Suet. Tib. 14 fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > durus
16 extubero

ex-tūbĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [tuber] (post-Aug.).
I.
Neutr., to swell out or up, to rise as a swelling:
radice foliosa, ex qua media veluti malum extuberat,
Plin. 21, 16, 56, § 96:
gemma,
id. 37, 8, 33, § 110.—
II.
Act., to cause to swell up, to raise:
defert montes, surrigit plana, valles extuberat,
Sen. Q. N. 6, 4, 1:
extuberatus venter,
swollen, Amm. 12, 15, 23; 25, 10, 13; cf. Sol. 27 med.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > extubero
17 numerus

nŭmĕrus, i, m. [Gr. nemô, to distribute; cf.: numa, nemus, nummus], a number.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
illi octo cursus septem efficiunt distinctos intervallis sonos: qui numerus rerum omnium fere nodus est,
Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf. Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 6:
duo hi numeri,
Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12:
consummare perfectissimum numerum, quem novem novies multiplicata componunt,
Sen. Ep. 58:
numerumque referri Jussit,
that their number should be counted, Verg. E. 6, 85; cf.: numerus argenteorum facilior usui est, the counting, reckoning. Tac. G. 5 fin.: sed neque quam multae species, nec nomina quae sint Est numerus;
neque enim numero conprendere refert,
cannot be counted, Verg. G. 2, 104:
eorumque nummorum vis et potestas non in numero erat, sed in pondere,
Gai. Inst. 1, 122.—
B.
In partic.
1.
A certain collective quantity, a body, number of persons or things: tunc deinceps proximi cujusque collegii... in sortem coicerentur, quoad is numerus effectus esset, quem ad numerum in provincias mitti oporteret, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 8:
haec in Aeduorum finibus recensebantur numerusque inibatur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 76; Liv. 38, 22:
eum clavum, quia rarae per ea tempora litterae erant, notam numeri annorum fuisse ferunt,
Liv. 7, 3:
Pompilius ad pristinum numerum duo augures addidit,
Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:
haec enim sunt tria numero,
in number, altogether, id. de Or. 2, 28, 121:
classis mille numero navium,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48:
oppida sua omnia, numero ad duodecim, incendunt,
Caes. B. G. 1, 5:
ad duorum milium numero ex Pompeianis cecidisse reperiebamus,
id. B. C. 3, 53: reliqui omnes, numero quadraginta, interfecti, Sall [p. 1226] J. 53, 4; cf. id. ib. 93, 8:
cum magnus piratarum numerus deesset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72:
ad eorum numerum,
to the full number of them, id. ib. 2, 5, 28, § 73; id. Q. Fr. 2, 13; Caes. B. G. 5, 20:
si naves suum numerum haberent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 133:
supra numerum,
superfluous, Suet. Ner. 15; id. Claud. 25:
magnus numerus frumenti,
a great quantity, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176; cf. id. Planc. 26, 64; Caes. B. C. 2, 18:
vini,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 66; so without an adj., like the Engl. number, for a great number:
est (in eādem provinciā) numerus civium Romanorum atque hominum honestissimorum,
id. Font. 5, 13 (1, 3):
plures numero tuti,
Tac. A. 14, 49 fin.:
sed illos Defendit numerus,
Juv. 2, 46; cf. Verg. E. 7, 52:
latet in numero virtus,
Sil. 1, 323.—
2.
In plur.: numeri, the mathematics, astronomy:
ut a sacerdotibus barbaris numeros et caelestia acciperet,
Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87:
Thales hoc etiam numeris inquirit et astris,
Sid. 15, 79:
numerisque sequentibus astra,
Stat. Th. 4, 411. —Rarely in sing., Claud. Cons. Mall. 130.—
3.
In milit. lang., a division of the army, a troop, band (post-Aug.):
sparsi per provinciam numeri,
Tac. Agr. 18; cf.:
plena urbs exercitu insolito: multi ad hoc numeri e Germaniā ac Britanniā,
id. H. 1, 6:
nondum distributi in numeros erant,
Plin. Ep. 10, 29 (38), 2:
revocare ad officium numeros,
Suet. Vesp. 6:
militares numeri,
cohorts, Amm. 14, 7, 19:
in numeris esse,
to be enrolled, Dig. 29, 1, 43; cf. ib. 29, 1, 38; Claud. Epith. Pall. et Celer. 86; Inscr. Grut. 1096. —
4.
Like the Gr. arithmos, a mere number, opp. to quality, worth:
nos numerus sumus et fruges consumere nati,
we are mere numbers, ciphers, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 27; cf. Juv. 2, 46 supra.—
5.
In gram., a number (singular, plural, dual), Varr. L. L. 9, § 65 sq. Müll.; Quint. 1, 4, 27; 1, 5, 42; 47; 1, 6, 25 et saep. —
C.
Transf., poet., dice (marked with numbers):
seu ludet numerosque manu jactabit eburnos,
Ov. A. A. 2, 203:
et modo tres jactet numeros,
id. ib. 3, 355; cf. Suet. Tib. 14, 2.—
II.
Trop., number, rank, place, position, estimation, relation, class, category (cf.:
nomen, locus, in loco, in vicem): me adscribe talem (i. e. talium) in numerum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 13, 33:
in illo antiquorum hominum numero reponi,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 210:
in deorum numero haberi,
id. N. D. 3, 19, 48:
reponere,
id. ib. 3, 3, 21:
referre,
id. ib. 3, 1, 12:
numero beatorum aliquem eximere,
Hor. C, 2, 2, 18:
si quo in numero illud, quod per similitudinem affertur, et quo in loco illud, cujus causā affertur, haberi conveniat, ostendetur,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:
ex hoc numero hunc esse,
id. Arch. 7, 16:
parentis numero alicui esse,
id. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61 sq.:
in hostium numero habere aliquem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 28:
ducere in numero hostium,
id. ib. 6, 32:
hujus originis apud veteres numerus erat exilis,
Amm. 23, 6, 35: in numero esse, to be of the number of, to be reckoned among, to be any thing, Lucr. 5, 180:
Q. Aelius Tubero fuit illo tempore nullo in oratorum numero,
Cic. Brut. 31, 117:
sine actione summus orator esse in numero nullo potest,
id. de Or. 3, 56, 213:
quo sunt in numero Curiosolites, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 75, 4; 3, 7, 2; Nep. Att. 1, 4:
quo in numero ego sum,
Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 44, 3; 3, 53, 2:
qui in eo numero fuisset,
Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 25; id. Fl. 4, 9; id. Fam. 7, 6, 1:
quo in numero hi quoque fuerunt,
Liv. 39, 36 fin. — Without in:
ut civium numero simus,
Liv. 4, 4, 12; 7, 30, 19; 30, 42, 9; 4, 56, 11;
36, 35, 9: aliquem hostium numero habere,
Caes. B. G. 6, 6, 3; id. B. C. 3, 82, 3; id. B. G. 6, 21, 2:
qui hostium numero non sunt,
Cic. Phil. 13, 5, 11; id. Brut. 20, 78:
aliquo numero esse,
to be of some repute, id. Fam. 1, 10; Caes. B. G. 6, 13, 1; cf. Cic. Or. 62, 208; id. de Or. 3, 9, 33:
Bambalio quidam, homo nullo numero,
of no account, Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
numerum aliquem obtinere,
id. Brut. 47, 175.—
B.
A part of a whole, member, category:
omnes numeros virtutis continet,
Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 24:
varium et elegans omni fere numero poëma,
id. Ac. 1, 3, 9:
mundus perfectus expletusque omnibus suis numeris atque partibus,
id. N. D. 2, 13, 37:
animalia imperfecta suisque Trunca vident numeris,
Ov. M. 1, 427; 7, 126:
quid omnibus numeris praestantius?
Quint. 10, 1, 91:
liber numeris omnibus absolutus,
Plin. Ep. 9, 38; cf. of the days of the month: luna alternis mensibus XXX. implebit numeros, alternis vero detrahet singulos, Plin. 18, 32, 75, § 325.—Hence, omnium numerorum esse, to be complete, perfect, Petr. 68:
puer omnium numerūm,
id. ib. 63. And, on the contrary:
deesse numeris suis,
to be deficient, Ov. Am. 3, 8, 11.—
C.
Order:
quaecumque in foliis descripsit carmina virgo, Digerit in numerum,
Verg. A. 3, 446.—
D.
An office, duty, part:
ad numeros exige quidque suos,
Ov. R. Am. 372:
Veneri numeros eripere suos,
id. H. 4, 88; id. Am. 3, 7, 18; cf. id. ib. 3, 7, 26:
verae numeros modosque ediscere vitae,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 143.—
E.
Musical measure, time, rhythm, harmony, numbers:
in numerum exsultant,
Lucr. 2, 631:
in musicis numeri, et voces et modi, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 187; Quint. 9, 4, 126:
histrio si paulum se movet extra numerum,
Cic. Par. 3, 2, 26; Quint. 12, 2, 12:
sit igitur hoc cognitum, in solutis etiam verbis inesse numeros,
Cic. Or. 56, 190:
Isocrates verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxit,
id. ib. 52, 174:
in solutā oratione... modum tamen et numerum quendam oportere servari,
id. Brut. 8, 32:
multum interest, utrum numerosa sit, id est similis numerorum, an plane e numeris constet oratio,
id. Or. 65, 220:
redigere omnes fere in quadrum numerumque sententias,
id. ib. 61, 208.—Hence, quamvis nil extra numerum fecisse modumque Curas, nothing out of measure, improper, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 59.—
2.
A measure, number, in poetry:
nam cum sint numeri plures, iambum et trochaeum frequentem segregat ab oratore Aristoteles,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 182; id. Or. 64, 215:
numeris nectere verba,
Ov. P. 4, 2, 30; 4, 2, 5:
numeros memini, si verba tenerem,
i. e. the tune, Verg. E. 9, 45:
numerisque fertur Lege solutis,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 11.—
3.
A verse, in gen. ( poet.):
arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam Edere,
i. e. verses in heroic metre, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 1:
impares,
i. e. elegiac verses, id. ib. 3, 1, 37.—Hence, nŭmĕrō (abl.), adverb., lit., measured according to number or time, i. e. precisely, exactly, just (only ante-class.; freq. in Plautus; not found in Ter. or Lucr.).
A.
Just, precisely, at the right time, on the instant: numero mihi in mentem fuit. Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 25: neminem vidi, qui numero sciret, quod scitu est opus, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 170 Müll.—
B.
Quickly, rapidly, soon:
numero significat cito,
Non. 352, 16 sq.:
(apes) si quando displicatae sunt, cymbalis et plausibus numero reducunt in locum unum,
Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 7. —With nimis: perfalsum et abs te creditum numero nimis, too quickly, too soon, Afran. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll.: numquam nimis numero quemquam vidi facere, quam facto est opus, Turp. ap. Non. 352, 20.—
2.
In a bad sense, too quickly, too hastily, too soon:
Menaechme, numero huc advenis ad prandium: Nunc opsonatu redeo,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 13:
numero dicis,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 28; id. Mil. 5, 1, 6:
o Apella, o Zeuxis pictor, Cur numero estis mortui, hinc exemplum ut pingeretis?
why have you died too soon? id. Poen. 5, 4, 102; Afran. ap. Non. 352, 26; id. ap. Paul. ex Fest. l. l.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > numerus
18 obcurro

oc-curro ( obc-), curri, rarely cucurri (Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88; Phaedr. 3, 7, 2), cursum, 3 (archaic perf. occecurri, like memordi, peposci, Aelius Tubero ap. Gell. 7, 9, 11), v. n., to run up to, run to meet; to go or come up to, to go or come to meet, to meet (class.; syn. obvenio).
I.
Lit.
1.
In gen.:
ilico Occucurri atque interpello,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88:
Caesari venienti,
Caes. B. G. 3, 79:
obviam alicui,
to go to meet, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 30:
amicis,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 135; Suet. Calig. 4.— Impers.:
occurritur (sc. mihi),
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 3.—
2.
In partic., to go against, rush upon, attack an enemy:
duabus Fabianis legionibus occurrit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 40:
armatis,
id. ib. 2, 27:
telis occurrere,
Verg. A. 11, 808:
obvius adversoque occurrit,
id. ib. 10, 734.—
B.
Transf.
1.
To come to, meet, fall in with any thing:
quibuscumque signis occurrerat, se aggregabat,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26:
tot vatibus,
Juv. 1, 18.—
2.
To go or come to any place.
(α).
With dat.:
concilio,
Liv. 31, 29. —
(β).
With ad:
legati ad id concilium occurrerunt,
Liv. 31, 29.—
(γ).
With in and acc.:
in aliam civitatem occurrere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67.—
3.
Of situation.
(α).
To stand or lie opposite to:
apud Elegiam occurrit ei (Euphrati) Taurus mons,
Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 84.—
(β).
To lie in the way of, meet as an obstacle:
in asperis locis silex saepe impenetrabilis ferro occurrebat,
Liv. 36, 25, 4.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To obviate or seek to obviate, to meet, resist, oppose, counteract:
omnibus ejus consiliis occurri atque obstiti,
Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:
illi rationi,
id. Fat. 18, 41: malevolentiae hominum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 11, 2.—
2.
To cure or attempt to cure; to relieve, remedy:
venienti occurrite morbo,
Pers. 3, 64:
exspectationi,
Cic. Clu. 23, 63:
rei sapientiā occurrere,
id. Fam. 4, 5, 6; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1.—
B.
To meet with words, i. e. to answer, reply, object:
ut si dicenti, Quem video? ita occurras, ego,
Quint. 1, 5, 36:
Venus,
Val. Fl. 7, 222.— Impers. pass.:
occurretur enim, sicut occursum est,
Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44: occurritur autem nobis, et quidem a doctis et [p. 1253] eruditis, etc., id. Off. 2, 2, 6.—
C.
To offer or present itself, suggest itself, appear, occur:
tu occurrebas dignus eo munere,
Cic. Sen. 1, 2:
nec tamen mihi quicquam occurrit cur, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 21, 49; 1, 22, 51:
Atheniensium classis demersae et exercitus deleti occurrebant,
Liv. 25, 24, 12; cf.:
ea cum universa occurrerent animo,
id. 25, 24, 12, § 14:
oculis ejus tot paludes occurrerent,
Col. 2, 2:
oras ad Eurum sequentibus nihil memorabile occurrit,
Mel. 3, 9, 3:
animo,
presents itself to his mind, occurs to him, Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 104; cf.:
ea quae occurrant,
id. ib. 2, 54, 221:
una defensio occurrit, quod muneribus tuis obniti non debui,
Tac. A. 14, 53:
cogitationi, quonam modo, etc.,
Plin. 29, 1, 1, § 2:
neque vos paeon, aut herous ille conturbet: ipsi occurrent orationi,
will present themselves, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191:
haec tenenda sunt oratori: saepe enim occurrunt,
often occur, id. Or. 32, 115:
quodcumque in mentem veniat, aut quodcumque occurrat,
id. Fin. 4, 17, 47:
ne quid honestum occurreret,
Tac. Agr. 2.— With inf.:
occurrit et aliqua dicere de magicis (herbis),
it seems proper, Plin. 24, 17, 99, § 156.—
D.
To reach, attain (eccl. Lat.):
donec occurramus in unitatem fidei,
Vulg. Eph. 4, 13:
si quo modo occurram ad resurrectionem,
id. Phil. 3, 11.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obcurro
19 occurro

oc-curro ( obc-), curri, rarely cucurri (Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88; Phaedr. 3, 7, 2), cursum, 3 (archaic perf. occecurri, like memordi, peposci, Aelius Tubero ap. Gell. 7, 9, 11), v. n., to run up to, run to meet; to go or come up to, to go or come to meet, to meet (class.; syn. obvenio).
I.
Lit.
1.
In gen.:
ilico Occucurri atque interpello,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 88:
Caesari venienti,
Caes. B. G. 3, 79:
obviam alicui,
to go to meet, Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 30:
amicis,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 135; Suet. Calig. 4.— Impers.:
occurritur (sc. mihi),
Cic. Att. 2, 22, 3.—
2.
In partic., to go against, rush upon, attack an enemy:
duabus Fabianis legionibus occurrit,
Caes. B. C. 1, 40:
armatis,
id. ib. 2, 27:
telis occurrere,
Verg. A. 11, 808:
obvius adversoque occurrit,
id. ib. 10, 734.—
B.
Transf.
1.
To come to, meet, fall in with any thing:
quibuscumque signis occurrerat, se aggregabat,
Caes. B. G. 4, 26:
tot vatibus,
Juv. 1, 18.—
2.
To go or come to any place.
(α).
With dat.:
concilio,
Liv. 31, 29. —
(β).
With ad:
legati ad id concilium occurrerunt,
Liv. 31, 29.—
(γ).
With in and acc.:
in aliam civitatem occurrere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 27, § 67.—
3.
Of situation.
(α).
To stand or lie opposite to:
apud Elegiam occurrit ei (Euphrati) Taurus mons,
Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 84.—
(β).
To lie in the way of, meet as an obstacle:
in asperis locis silex saepe impenetrabilis ferro occurrebat,
Liv. 36, 25, 4.—
II.
Trop.
A.
To obviate or seek to obviate, to meet, resist, oppose, counteract:
omnibus ejus consiliis occurri atque obstiti,
Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16:
illi rationi,
id. Fat. 18, 41: malevolentiae hominum, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 11, 2.—
2.
To cure or attempt to cure; to relieve, remedy:
venienti occurrite morbo,
Pers. 3, 64:
exspectationi,
Cic. Clu. 23, 63:
rei sapientiā occurrere,
id. Fam. 4, 5, 6; Nep. Pelop. 1, 1.—
B.
To meet with words, i. e. to answer, reply, object:
ut si dicenti, Quem video? ita occurras, ego,
Quint. 1, 5, 36:
Venus,
Val. Fl. 7, 222.— Impers. pass.:
occurretur enim, sicut occursum est,
Cic. Ac. 2, 14, 44: occurritur autem nobis, et quidem a doctis et [p. 1253] eruditis, etc., id. Off. 2, 2, 6.—
C.
To offer or present itself, suggest itself, appear, occur:
tu occurrebas dignus eo munere,
Cic. Sen. 1, 2:
nec tamen mihi quicquam occurrit cur, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 21, 49; 1, 22, 51:
Atheniensium classis demersae et exercitus deleti occurrebant,
Liv. 25, 24, 12; cf.:
ea cum universa occurrerent animo,
id. 25, 24, 12, § 14:
oculis ejus tot paludes occurrerent,
Col. 2, 2:
oras ad Eurum sequentibus nihil memorabile occurrit,
Mel. 3, 9, 3:
animo,
presents itself to his mind, occurs to him, Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 104; cf.:
ea quae occurrant,
id. ib. 2, 54, 221:
una defensio occurrit, quod muneribus tuis obniti non debui,
Tac. A. 14, 53:
cogitationi, quonam modo, etc.,
Plin. 29, 1, 1, § 2:
neque vos paeon, aut herous ille conturbet: ipsi occurrent orationi,
will present themselves, Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191:
haec tenenda sunt oratori: saepe enim occurrunt,
often occur, id. Or. 32, 115:
quodcumque in mentem veniat, aut quodcumque occurrat,
id. Fin. 4, 17, 47:
ne quid honestum occurreret,
Tac. Agr. 2.— With inf.:
occurrit et aliqua dicere de magicis (herbis),
it seems proper, Plin. 24, 17, 99, § 156.—
D.
To reach, attain (eccl. Lat.):
donec occurramus in unitatem fidei,
Vulg. Eph. 4, 13:
si quo modo occurram ad resurrectionem,
id. Phil. 3, 11.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > occurro
20 palpebra

palpē̆bra, ae, f. (collat. form palpē̆brum, i, n., Non. 218, 19; Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 1), an eyelid (usually in plur.; cf. cilium).
I.
Lit.:
palpebrae sunt tegmenta oculorum... munitaeque sunt palpebrae tamquam vallo pilorum, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 142: ipsae palpebrae, quibus mobilitas inest, et palpitatio vocabulum tribuit, etc., Lact. Opif. Dei, 10 init.; Lucr. 4, 952:
Regulum resectis palpebris vigilando necaverunt,
Cic. Pis. 19, 43; cf. Tubero ap. Gell. 6, 4, 3.—In sing., Cels. 5, 26, 23.—
II.
Transf.
1.
Plur., the eyelashes, Plin. 11, 37, 56, § 154; 25, 13, 99, § 156.—
2.
Plur., the eyes (eccl. Lat.):
palpebrae ejus interrogant filios hominum,
Vulg. Psa. 10, 4.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > palpebra

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TUBERO L — Aelius, Romanus, notissimus ex Ciceronis oratione pro Qu. Ligario. Variis in Republ. muneribus functus est, ingeinô et eruditione clarus, Scripsit Historiam, saepe priscis laudatam. Idem, l. 1. ep. 1. ad Quint. Fratr. c. 3. in Bruto, c. 31. et c … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
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