Перевод: с английского на русский

с русского на английский

error+key

Толкование Перевод

41 return

1. n возвращение

a return home — возвращение домой

return address — обратный адрес

return fare — стоимость обратного проезда

return visit — ответный визит

return match — ответный матч

on return — по возвращении

by return — обратной почтой

line of return — рубеж возвращения

direct return — непосредственное возвращение

the return of the prodigal — возвращение блудного сына

a return to nature — возвращение в первобытное состояние;

2. n отдача, возврат; возмещение

he asked for the return of his book — он попросил, чтобы ему вернули его книгу

gas return — возврат газа

return code — код возврата

tag return — возврат метки

fuel return — возврат топлива

return duty — возврат пошлины

3. n эк. оборот

quick return — быстрый оборот

4. n эк. доход; прибыль; выручка

gross return — валовой доход

a return on capital — прибыль на капитал

rapid return — ускоренный ход или возврат

quick return stroke — ускоренный обратный ход

fair return — удовлетворительная норма прибыли

net return to capital — чистый доход на капитал

actual rate of return — фактическая норма прибыли

5. n эк. официальный отчёт; рапорт

tax return — налоговая декларация

6. n эк. ведомость, список

7. n эк. сведения

and return — и обратно

8. n эк. результат выборов; отчёт о подсчёте голосов

return tlx — отв. тлкс

return run — обратный ход

return trace — обратный ход

return stroke — обратный ход

return travel — обратный ход

9. n эк. избрание

his return to Parliament — его избрание в парламент

10. n эк. возвращённый, непроданный товар

11. n эк. возвращённые чеки, векселя

return draft — обратный переводной вексель

12. n эк. тех. отходы производства, идущие в переработку

return air — отработанный воздух

return your — отвечать на ваш

13. n эк. редк. ответ

reply by return — ответ

in return — в обмен; в ответ

14. n юр. возврат шерифом судебного приказа

return point — точка возврата

zero return — возврат на нуль

return basis — условие возврата

error return — возврат по ошибке

cartridge return — возврат каретки

15. n юр. надпись шерифа на судебном приказе

return of process — возвращение шерифом судебного приказа в суд

16. n юр. воен. встречный удар

claims for damages in return — встречные иски

17. n юр. спорт. ответное нападение

return call — ответный визит

return fire — ответный огонь

return meet — ответная встреча

return telex — ответный телекс

return wire — ответная телеграмма

18. n юр. спорт. приём

hard carriage return — возврат каретки при жестко заданном формате

19. n юр. мед. возврат; рецидив

carriage return key — клавиша возврата каретки

cartridge return key — клавиша возврата каретки

pan return conveyor — конвейер для возврата форм

reutilization return — возврат для использования

action on return code — действие по коду возврата

20. n юр. горн. вентиляционный просек или ходок

return of stroke — обратный ход

sale or return — продажа или возврат

bed return motion — холостой ход талера

return horizon — вентиляционный горизонт

return opening — вентиляционная выработка

21. n юр. эл. обратный провод; обратная сеть

return rail — обратный подвесной путь

main return line — обратная магистраль

return manifold — обратный трубопровод

return pipeline — обратный трубопровод

return speed — скорость обратного хода

22. n юр. с. -х. приплод, расплод

23. n юр. спец. обрат

24. n юр. спец. ситовый сход

lost return stroke — холостой обратный ход

spring return — обратный ход под действием пружины

25. n юр. l

26. n юр. некрепкий табак

27. n юр. низкий сорт табака

28. v возвращаться; идти обратно

to return home — возвращаться домой

return cylinder — цилиндр обратного хода

return trap — сифон обратного трубопровода

return gear — зубчатое колесо обратного хода

return response — характеристика обратного хода

return shipping cost — стоимость обратной отправки

29. v возвращаться, вновь обращаться

I shall return to this subject — я ещё вернусь к этому вопросу

return back — возвращаться

return home — возвращаться домой

return whence you came — возвращайся туда, откуда ты пришёл

30. v возвращаться в прежнее состояние

to return to dust — обратиться в прах

the roses will deteriorate returning to wilderness — эти розы выродятся и снова станут дикими

he has returned to his old habits — он вернулся к своим старым привычкам

return to serviceability — приводить в исправное состояние

31. v возвращать, отдавать

to return a ball — отбить мяч

return casualties to duty — возвращать в строй раненых и пораженных

32. v отражать

to return an echo — откликнуться эхом

33. v класть обратно

to return sword to scabbard — вкладывать меч в ножны

return ghost — паразитное изображение на обратном ходе луча

return signal — сигнал обратной связи; отраженный сигнал

return line restriction — сужение обратного трубопровода

application for return — заявление об обратном вывозе

return track — путь для обратной подачи

34. v отвечать; возражать

to return an answer — дать ответ

35. v докладывать, официально заявлять; давать отчёт

to be returned unfit for duty — быть признанным непригодным к военной службе

to return a soldier as killed — внести солдата в список убитых

return an error code — выдавать код ошибки

36. v избрать

the voters returned him in a landslide — он одержал блестящую победу на выборах

37. v юр. призывать к участию в рассмотрении дел

carriage return code — код возврата каретки

38. v эк. приносить

to return good interest — приносить хороший отражать

39. v карт. делать ответный ход

return to capital — доход на капитал

return belt — ремень обратного хода

return time — время обратного хода

return gap — люфт обратного хода

high return — высокий доход

Синонимический ряд:

1. answer (noun) answer; antiphon; rejoinder; reply; respond; response; retort

2. arrival (noun) arrival

3. recovery (noun) accruement; earnings; gain; interest; lucre; proceeds; profit; recovery; repossession; restitution; restoration; results; revenue; yield

4. recurrence (noun) reappearance; recurrence; reoccurrence; resurgence; reversion

5. answer (verb) answer; come in; rejoin; reply; respond; retort

6. backtrack (verb) backtrack; reverse

7. pay (verb) bring in; clear; draw; earn; gain; gross; net; pay; produce; realise; render; yield

8. react (verb) react; reappear; reconsider; recover; recrudesce; recur; reenter; reoccur; repeat; reverberate; turn back

9. reciprocate (verb) reciprocate; recompense; refund; repay; requite; retaliate

10. render (verb) hand down; render

11. replace (verb) give back; put back; reestablish; re-establish; reinstate; reintroduce; renew; replace; restitute; restore; revive; take back

12. revert (verb) come back; revert; revisit

Антонимический ряд:

continue; departure; expel; forgive; leave; lose; loss

English-Russian base dictionary > return
42 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
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Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
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Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
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Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
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Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
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not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
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an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
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an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
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to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
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further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
43 cryptanalysis

криптоанализ; конкретное применение криптоанализа; анализ зашифрованного текста, дешифрование

- safe against cryptanalysis

- solve by cryptanalysis

- try all possible keys cryptanalysis

- withstand cryptanalysis

- analytical cryptanalysis

- automated cryptanalysis

- black box cryptanalysis

- brute-force cryptanalysis

- computer-aided cryptanalysis

- computer-backed cryptanalysis

- computer performing cryptanalysis

- conventional cryptanalysis

- deterministic cryptanalysis

- dictionary cryptanalysis

- differential cryptanalysis

- digram frequency cryptanalysis

- exhaustive cryptanalysis

- forward search cryptanalysis

- inference cryptanalysis

- key clustering cryptanalysis

- iteration cryptanalysis

- key-only cryptanalysis

- key-search cryptanalysis

- known plaintext cryptanalysis

- letter-frequency cryptanalysis

- letter-pattern cryptanalysis

- mathematical cryptanalysis

- meet-in-the-middle cryptanalysis

- message cryptanalysis

- offline cryptanalysis

- online cryptanalysis

- partially known plaintext cryptanalysis

- plaintext cryptanalysis

- probable message cryptanalysis

- probable word cryptanalysis

- purely mathematical cryptanalysis

- random cryptanalysis

- random key cryptanalysis

- related data cryptanalysis

- related-key cryptanalysis

- role-based cryptanalysis

- short cut cryptanalysis

- single-letter frequency cryptanalysis

- square root cryptanalysis

- statistical cryptanalysis

- systematic cryptanalysis

- trial-and-error cryptanalysis

Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности > cryptanalysis
44 SEC

1) Компьютерная техника: Single Edge Cartridge

2) Медицина: spontaneous echo contrast

3) Американизм: Space Environment Center

4) Спорт: Some Easy Conference, South Eastern Conference, Speed Eliminates Competition, Standard Entry Class

5) Военный термин: Scientific Estimates Committee, Security and Exchange Commission, Single Edge Cartridges, Southeastern Command, Supply Executive Committee, ship engineering center, submarine element coordinator, support equipment change

6) Техника: secondary electron conduction vidicon, secondary electron conductivity, secondary emission chamber, section emergency coordinator, sensor engagement controller, size-exclusion chromatography, special event charter

7) Шутливое выражение: Surely Everybodys Cheating

8) Математика: исправление одиночных ошибок (single error correction), исправляющий одиночные ошибки (о коде)

9) Метеорология: Space Environmental Center

10) Юридический термин: School Encouraged Corruption

11) Финансы: securities and exchange commission, КЦББ (Комиссия (Государственной администрации США) по ценным бумагам и биржам)

12) Ветеринария: Skull Eating Carnivores

13) Грубое выражение: Stupid Exchange Comission

14) Оптика: secondary emission conductor, short external cavity

15) Радио: super extended C, сверхрасширенный диапазон С

16) Сокращение: Satellite Engineering Cabin, Secondary Electron Conduction, Securities and Exchange Commission (stock regulatory agency), Societa Esercizio Cantieri SpA (Italy), Space and Electronic Combat, Spoiler & Elevator Computer, Standard Evaluation Circuit, Submarine Element Co-ordinator, Suppressor Environment Characterizer (USA), secondary, генератор оборудования синхронной цифровой иерархии (SDH Equipment Clock)

17) Университет: So Everyone Cheats, Software Experience Center, Surely Everybody's Cheating

18) Электроника: Studio Equipment Complex

19) Вычислительная техника: Single Edge Contact, Single Error Correction, scientific and engineering computation, single-error correction, научно-технические расчёты, Single Edge Contact (card)

20) Нефть: US Securities and Exchange Commission

21) Иммунология: Specimen Exchange Chamber, staphylococcal enterotoxin C

22) Банковское дело: Комиссия по ценным бумагам и биржам (США; Securities and Exchange Commission)

23) Фирменный знак: Southern Electric Contracting

24) Деловая лексика: Sponsor Executive Committee, Superior Economic Compensation, Synergy Electronic Commerce

25) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Sakhalin Environmental Company, Securities and Exchange Commission (USA)

26) Образование: Special Ed Conference

27) Сетевые технологии: Security Exchange Commission

28) Океанография: South Equatorial Current

29) Химическое оружие: Size Exclusion Chromatography

30) Расширение файла: Disney Animation Studio Secured animation file, Pretty Good Privacy SECret key ring file

31) SAP.тех. ценная бумага

32) Логистика: security charges

33) Здравоохранение: (State Expert Center) ГЭС (State Expert Center Государственный Экспертный Центр)

34) Общественная организация: Save The Earth Campaign

35) Чат: See Everyone Cheats, Send Extra Cocktails

36) NYSE. Specialty Equipment Companies, Inc.

37) Международная торговля: Special Equipment Compensation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SEC
45 sec

1) Компьютерная техника: Single Edge Cartridge

2) Медицина: spontaneous echo contrast

3) Американизм: Space Environment Center

4) Спорт: Some Easy Conference, South Eastern Conference, Speed Eliminates Competition, Standard Entry Class

5) Военный термин: Scientific Estimates Committee, Security and Exchange Commission, Single Edge Cartridges, Southeastern Command, Supply Executive Committee, ship engineering center, submarine element coordinator, support equipment change

6) Техника: secondary electron conduction vidicon, secondary electron conductivity, secondary emission chamber, section emergency coordinator, sensor engagement controller, size-exclusion chromatography, special event charter

7) Шутливое выражение: Surely Everybodys Cheating

8) Математика: исправление одиночных ошибок (single error correction), исправляющий одиночные ошибки (о коде)

9) Метеорология: Space Environmental Center

10) Юридический термин: School Encouraged Corruption

11) Финансы: securities and exchange commission, КЦББ (Комиссия (Государственной администрации США) по ценным бумагам и биржам)

12) Ветеринария: Skull Eating Carnivores

13) Грубое выражение: Stupid Exchange Comission

14) Оптика: secondary emission conductor, short external cavity

15) Радио: super extended C, сверхрасширенный диапазон С

16) Сокращение: Satellite Engineering Cabin, Secondary Electron Conduction, Securities and Exchange Commission (stock regulatory agency), Societa Esercizio Cantieri SpA (Italy), Space and Electronic Combat, Spoiler & Elevator Computer, Standard Evaluation Circuit, Submarine Element Co-ordinator, Suppressor Environment Characterizer (USA), secondary, генератор оборудования синхронной цифровой иерархии (SDH Equipment Clock)

17) Университет: So Everyone Cheats, Software Experience Center, Surely Everybody's Cheating

18) Электроника: Studio Equipment Complex

19) Вычислительная техника: Single Edge Contact, Single Error Correction, scientific and engineering computation, single-error correction, научно-технические расчёты, Single Edge Contact (card)

20) Нефть: US Securities and Exchange Commission

21) Иммунология: Specimen Exchange Chamber, staphylococcal enterotoxin C

22) Банковское дело: Комиссия по ценным бумагам и биржам (США; Securities and Exchange Commission)

23) Фирменный знак: Southern Electric Contracting

24) Деловая лексика: Sponsor Executive Committee, Superior Economic Compensation, Synergy Electronic Commerce

25) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Sakhalin Environmental Company, Securities and Exchange Commission (USA)

26) Образование: Special Ed Conference

27) Сетевые технологии: Security Exchange Commission

28) Океанография: South Equatorial Current

29) Химическое оружие: Size Exclusion Chromatography

30) Расширение файла: Disney Animation Studio Secured animation file, Pretty Good Privacy SECret key ring file

31) SAP.тех. ценная бумага

32) Логистика: security charges

33) Здравоохранение: (State Expert Center) ГЭС (State Expert Center Государственный Экспертный Центр)

34) Общественная организация: Save The Earth Campaign

35) Чат: See Everyone Cheats, Send Extra Cocktails

36) NYSE. Specialty Equipment Companies, Inc.

37) Международная торговля: Special Equipment Compensation

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sec
46 channel

канал (связи, передачи информации)

- analog data channel

- arbitrarily varying channel

- authentication channel

- backward channel

- band-limited channel

- band-width constrained channel

- binary channel

- binary erasure channel

- binary symmetric channel

- broadcasting channel

- burst error channel

- bypass channel

- commercial channel

- confinement channel

- covert channel

- covert storage channel

- covert timing channel

- cryptographic channel

- dedicated channel

- digital channel

- dispersive channel

- downlink channel

- encrypted channel

- end-to-end encryption channel

- exploitable channel

- feedback channel

- forward channel

- full-fledged secure channel

- fundamental frequency channel

- government channel

- half-duplex channel

- hidden channel

- high-speed data channel

- hostile channel

- information distribution channel

- insecure channel

- key channel

- key distribution channel

- leakage channel

- legitimate channel

- low-rate data channel

- mailbox channel

- management channel

- multiaccess channel

- multilevel channel

- multiple access channel

- multiplexer channel

- narrowband channel

- network access channel

- noisy channel

- one-way channel

- ouvert channel

- physically secure channel

- priority channel

- private channel

- public channel

- return channel

- safe channel

- secure channel

- secure communication channel

- secured channel

- secure key passing channel

- security compliant channel

- signature channel

- simplex channel

- subliminal channel

- tamper-free channel

- time variable channel

- two-way channel

- unidirectional channel

- untappable channel

- uplink channel

- user channel

- virtual channel

- voice frequency channel

- voice grade channel

- wire-tap channel

- wiretapped channel

Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности > channel
47 protection

защита; средства защиты

- disable the protection

- protection against compromising emanation

- protection against eavesdropping

- protection during processing

- access protection

- acoustic protection

- add-on protection

- adequate protection

- anti-burglar protection

- antihacker protection

- antivirus protection

- application protection

- asset protection

- barrier protection

- blanket protection

- boot protection

- boundary protection

- built-in protection

- bypass protection

- callback protection

- capability-based protection

- communication protection

- complex protection

- compromise protection

- confidentiality protection

- context-oriented protection

- controlled access protection

- copy protection

- copyright protection

- counterfeit protection

- critical-area protection

- cryptographic protection

- data communication protection

- data content protection

- data-dependent protection

- data processing asset protection

- DES protection

- dial-up port protection

- discretionary protection

- disincentive protection

- diskette boot protection

- emanations protection

- EMC protection

- encryption protection

- end-to-end protection

- entrance protection

- error protection

- fault protection

- fetch protection

- file-level protection

- hardware protection

- guaranteed protection

- impervious protection

- indirect disclosure protection

- information privacy protection

- inherent software protection

- integrated protection

- intellectual property protection

- interchange protection

- key protection

- key lock protection

- labeled security protection

- legal protection

- limited protection

- lock-and-key protection

- logical protection

- mandatory protection

- memory protection

- message content protection

- message stream protection

- message stream modification protection

- national security protection

- need-to-know protection

- art-card security protection

- passive protection

- password protection

- patent protection

- perimeter protection

- physical protection

- point protection

- port protection

- power protection

- power failure protection

- power loss protection

- privacy protection

- protocol-based protection

- read protection

- read-out protection

- reliable protection

- replay protection

- security protection

- security fetch protection

- fetch protection

- selective field protection

- sensitive data protection

- session protection

- signature protection

- short-term protection

- short time protection

- site protection

- software protection

- software copyright protection

- storage protection

- strategic protection

- structured protection

- tactical protection

- tamper protection

- tap protection

- target protection

- technical protection

- TEMPEST protection

- two-tiered protection

- verified protection

- very important person protection

- VIP protection

- virus protection

- volume protection

- warning protection

- weak protection

- write protection

Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности > protection
48 sliding

скольжение; соскальзывание; проскальзывание (напр. колеса); сдвиг (напр. грунтового массива); сползание; II скользящий; проскальзывающий; двигающийся; дифференциальный; плавно двигающийся по поверхности; поступательный (о перемещении)

- sliding adjustment
- sliding angle - sliding bar
- sliding base

- sliding bearing

- sliding behavior
- sliding block - sliding bolt
- sliding brake caliper

- sliding bush

- sliding caliper
- sliding calipers - sliding calliper - sliding cam
- sliding carriage

- sliding catch
- sliding channel - sliding clamp - sliding cluster
- sliding collar

- sliding contact

- sliding contact key
- sliding contact packing - sliding couple
- sliding coupler

- sliding coupling

- sliding cover
- sliding crownblock
- sliding damper

- sliding device

- sliding door

- sliding error
- sliding eye - sliding factor - sliding failure - sliding feed - sliding fifth wheel
- sliding fit

- sliding flow
- sliding fracture
- sliding friction

- sliding friction pair
- sliding friction wheel - sliding gate - sliding-gate measuring valve - sliding gear headstock - sliding gear ranges - sliding gear shifter lever - sliding guard door
- sliding guideway

- sliding-hatch lock
- sliding head - sliding hinge - sliding hub - sliding jaw
- sliding joint

- sliding key

- sliding leg
- sliding lid - sliding load - sliding lock gate - sliding member - sliding mode control
- sliding motion

- sliding movement

- sliding nut

- sliding pair

- sliding panel
- sliding piece
- sliding pinion

- sliding piston

- sliding piston-type selector valve
- sliding plate valve - sliding pressure foot - sliding prismatic key - sliding pulse generator - sliding rail - sliding rail of door - sliding ram - sliding reflection
- sliding resistance

- sliding ring

- sliding rod

- sliding-rolling disk
- sliding-rolling line contact
- sliding roof

- sliding-roof lock

- sliding sash

- sliding sash window
- sliding scoop tube - sliding seat - sliding shaft - sliding shoe - sliding shutter assembly - sliding sleeve - sliding-sleeve nipple - sliding slotted link - sliding socket joint - sliding spool valve - sliding stop - sliding strap - sliding-strap clamp - sliding strength - sliding sunroof - sliding support - sliding surface - sliding surface of soil - sliding temperature - sliding thrust bearing - sliding universal joint - sliding valve
- sliding-vane compressor

- sliding vane meter

- sliding vane pump

- sliding vane rotary pump

- sliding velocity
- sliding weight - sliding window - frictional sliding
- lubricated sliding

- specific sliding

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > sliding
49 component

1) компонент, составная часть; элемент

2) деталь; узел; комплектующее изделие

3) составляющая, компонента; слагающая

•

components to be removed — узлы, подлежащие снятию

-
ac component
-
active component
-
add-in component
-
add-on component
-
adhesion component of friction
-
air logic component
-
alternating component
-
anticlogging fuel oil component
-
antiknock component
-
aperiodic transient component
-
array component
-
audio component
-
axial component
-
backup component
-
base component
-
beam-lead component
-
bearing component
-
beat-moire components
-
blending component
-
bumped component
-
capacitive component
-
cationic coupling component
-
cationic diazo component
-
chip component
-
chrominance component
-
circuit component
-
color-difference component
-
complex 2 component
-
component of error
-
component of structure
-
component of variance
-
component of vector
-
contour milled component
-
contravariant component
-
covariant component
-
dc component
-
deformation component of friction
-
diazo coupling component
-
direct component
-
direct-axis component
-
discrete component
-
electric component
-
electrogenically inert component
-
electrogenically reactive component
-
electromagnetic component
-
electronic component
-
electrostatic component
-
error component
-
exchangeable components
-
faulty component
-
first component
-
force component
-
forced component
-
formed component
-
free component
-
frequency component
-
fundamental component
-
fundamental frequency component
-
hardware component
-
harmonic component
-
hybrid component
-
idle component
-
imaginary component
-
inductive component
-
in-phase component
-
integrated-circuit component
-
integrated component
-
in-vessel component
-
key machined components
-
linear component
-
load component
-
logic component
-
long-lived component
-
luminance component
-
magnetic component
-
magnetizing component
-
major components
-
mating component
-
moire components
-
mounting components
-
negative-phase-sequence component
-
negative-sequence component
-
nonlinear component
-
nuclear component
-
odor-producing component
-
off-the-shelf component
-
out-of-band components
-
out-of-phase component
-
parasitic component
-
passive component
-
plowing friction component
-
pneumatic console-mounted component
-
pneumatic enclosure-mounted component
-
pneumatic machine-mounted component
-
point-to-point NC component
-
positive-phase-sequence component
-
positive-sequence component
-
potted component
-
power component
-
primary tooling component
-
pulsating dc component
-
quadratic component
-
quadrature component
-
radio component
-
rail-mounted pneumatic component
-
reactive component
-
real component
-
reconditioned components
-
rectangular components
-
remanufactured components
-
residual component
-
resistive component
-
ripple component
-
rotating seal component
-
second component
-
short-lived component
-
sideband component
-
single component
-
sinusoidal component
-
software component
-
spurious component
-
stable component
-
stationary seal component
-
steady-state component
-
stress component
-
structural component
-
subsynchronous component
-
subtransient component
-
supercurrent component
-
symmetrical components
-
system's crucial components
-
tar-yielding components
-
thickness stress component
-
transient component
-
tribological component
-
turned component
-
undesired component
-
unidirectional component
-
unsupervised component
-
valve operating component
-
variable component
-
vibration frequency component
-
wattful component
-
wattless component
-
zero-phase-sequence component
-
zero-sequence component
-
zero-frequency component

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > component
50 protection

защита

механизм реализации политики безопасности ( security policy) путём предотвращения (ограничения) несанкционированного доступа пользователям к компьютерной системе или компьютерной сети, а программам - к системным ресурсам и услугам

см. тж. block protection, boundary protection, copy protection, data protection, error protection, firewall protection, hardware key protection, password protection, protected area, protected memory, protection device, protection error, protection level, protection system, registration-number protection, virus protection

Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > protection
51 character

символ, знак

- acknowledge character

- addressing character

- alpha character

- alphabetic character

- alphameric character

- block checks character

- cancel character

- check character

- cipher character

- ciphertext character

- clear character

- code character

- end-of-block character

- error character

- fill character

- identification character

- information character

- key character

- key sequence character

- most significant character

- pad character

- plaintext character

- service character

Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности > character
52 search

1) поиск

2) обыск; досмотр

- best-first search

- binary search

- body search

- brute force search

- cryptanalytic search

- deep penetrative search

- deterministic search

- dichotomizing search

- dictionary search

- direct search

- electronic search

- exhaustive key search

- Fibonacci search

- key search

- local search

- massive search

- open frequency search

- personnel search

- probable word search

- radio search

- random search

- rubbish search

- sequential search

- trial-and-error search

Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности > search
53 symbol

символ; знак (character) символ, знак

- acknowledge symbol

- addressing symbol

- alpha symbol

- alphabetic symbol

- alphameric symbol

- block check symbol

- cancel symbol

- check symbol

- cipher symbol

- ciphertext symbol

- clear symbol

- code symbol

- end-of-block symbol

- error symbol

- fill symbol

- identification symbol

- information symbol

- key symbol

- key sequence symbol

- most significant symbol

- pad symbol

- plaintext symbol

- service symbol

- check symbol

- cipher symbol

- cryptotext symbol

- Jacobi symbol

- Legendre symbol

- operation symbol

- plaintext symbol

- plaintext alphabet symbol

- equally likely symbols

Англо-русский словарь по компьютерной безопасности > symbol
54 protection

защита

- active copy protection
- block protection
- boot sector virus protection
- cell protection
- code protection
- copy protection
- cryptographic protection
- data protection
- digital transmission content protection
- electronic shock protection
- encryption protection
- error protection
- file protection
- ground protection
- ground fault protection
- hardware key protection
- hardware key copy protection
- intellectual property protection
- IP protection
- labeled security protection
- low-voltage protection
- memory protection
- offset protection
- overcurrent protection
- overload protection
- overvoltage protection
- oxide protection
- passive copy protection
- password protection
- program protection
- software protection
- storage protection
- store protection
- surge protection
- undervoltage protection
- virus protection
- write protection

English-Russian electronics dictionary > protection
55 protection

защита

- active copy protection
- block protection
- boot sector virus protection
- cell protection
- code protection
- copy protection
- cryptographic protection
- data protection
- digital transmission content protection
- electronic shock protection
- encryption protection
- error protection
- file protection
- ground fault protection
- ground protection
- hardware key copy protection
- hardware key protection
- intellectual property protection
- IP protection
- labeled security protection
- low-voltage protection
- memory protection
- offset protection
- overcurrent protection
- overload protection
- overvoltage protection
- oxide protection
- passive copy protection
- password protection
- program protection
- software protection
- storage protection
- store protection
- surge protection
- undervoltage protection
- virus protection
- write protection

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > protection
56 component

1) компонент, составная часть, элемент; деталь, обрабатываемая деталь

2) составляющая (напр. силы)

•

to reverse the component — поворачивать деталь на 180°

- 2 1/2 D component
- accessory components
- add-on component
- aerospace components
- affected component
- alloy component
- architectural component
- arm component
- assembled component
- axial component
- axial leaded component
- bar-coded component
- bar-shaped component
- base component
- bought-in component
- bought-out component
- building block components
- Cartesian components of velocity
- centers-mounted component
- chucked component
- component of force
- component of gravity
- component of unbalance
- composed component
- composite component
- computer component
- conjugated component
- constant component
- contour-milled component
- control component
- controlled component
- coupling component
- cross component
- cutting force component
- data handling component
- defense-related components
- delay component
- direct component
- discontinued components
- drive components
- encapsulated component
- error component
- executive component
- expert system component
- fabricated components
- finish-machined component
- first-off component
- floating component
- force component
- forced component
- formed component
- free component
- front component of unbalance
- fundamental component
- gear component
- general components
- generic components
- gravitational component
- harmonic component
- high-frequency component
- incorrect component
- independent component
- injection-molded component
- in-tolerance component
- irregular component
- key component
- key-turned component
- laser beam travel optical component
- lateral component
- lead component
- machine components
- master component
- mid-of-tolerance component
- miniature component
- misbehaving component
- modular components
- multibend component
- multifeature component
- nonrotational component
- nonstock components
- normalized components
- obsolete components
- odd component
- odd-shaped component
- OEM components
- off-the-shelf components
- one-axis component
- one-off component
- pallet-mounted component
- periodic component
- peripheral force component
- piece part component
- point-to-point NC component
- power-steering components
- preamp component
- preformed component
- pre-production components
- primary component
- primitive component
- principal force component
- printed component
- programmable component
- projection component
- radial component of driving force
- radial component
- radial force component
- rear component of unbalance
- replacement component
- restoring component
- ring component
- rotary component
- rotational component
- rotational machined component
- sample component
- scrap components
- scrapped components
- sealing component
- separating component of driving force
- shaft rotary component
- sheet metal component
- short cycle component
- short operation component
- small batch component
- space-related component
- stabilizing component
- stable component
- stamped blank component
- steady state component
- structural component
- subharmonic component
- subminiature components
- substructure components
- surface mounted component
- system's crucial components
- tangential component of driving force
- three-dimensional curved component
- through-hole component
- tooling components
- transient component
- translational component
- transverse component
- turned component
- two-axis component
- two-dimensional component
- undefined component
- under-skin components
- unstable component
- useful component
- variable component

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > component
57 twist

1. I
abs

1) the road (the stream, the river, the path, etc.) twists and turns дорога и т.д. вьется /извивается/; he twisted and turned trying to find a comfortable position он ворочался с боку на бок, стараясь найти удобное положение

2) my ankle twisted у меня подвернулась нога
2. II
twist in some manner he twisted restlessly он беспокойно ворочался с боку на бок; the path twists a good deal дорожка делает много поворотов; twist somewhere the stream twists in and out among the rocks ручей [змейкой] вьется среди скал; smoke was twisting upwards дым вился, поднимаясь вверх
3. III
twist smth.

1) twist the key (an iron rod, a stick, etc.) сгибать /гнуть/ ключ и т.д.; twist a scarf (a handkerchief, etc.) скручивать шарф и т.Л; twist thread (wool, cotton, silk, etc.) сучить нить и т.д.; twist a garland сплетать /плести/ гирлянду; twist a wet cloth выжимать /выкручивать/ мокрую тряпку; twist smb.'s arm (smb.'s leg) выворачивать /крутить/ кому-л. руку (ногу); twist one's knee (one's ankle, etc.) вывихнуть колено и т.д.; twist smb.'s neck свернуть кому-л. шею; he fell and twisted his wrist он упал и вывихнул руку

2) twist one's mouth (one's face) скривить физиономию, корчить гримасу

3) twist the truth (the meaning of words, the facts, the sense, a passage, etc.) искажать истину и т.д.; he twisted my words он исказил мои слова
4. IV
twist smth. in some manner

1) twist wires (things, strings, etc.) together сплетать /скручивать/ провода и т.д. [вместе]; twist the cap clockwise повернуть крышку направо; she was nervously twisting her ring она нервно вертела кольцо на пальце

2) twist one's face comically скорчить смешную гримасу
5. VI
twist smth. into some state twist smth. apart /open/ расплетать что-л.
6. VII
1) twist smth. to do smth. he twisted his head to have a better look он повернул голову, чтобы ему было лучше видно

2) twist smth. so as to do smth. twist what is said so as to give a wrong impression исказить сказанное, чтобы создать ложное впечатление
7. XI
1) be twisted from smth. this rope is twisted from many threads этот канат свит из множества нитей; be twisted in smth. a few wild flowers were twisted in her hair в ее волосы было вплетено несколько полевых цветов

2) be twisted the key is twisted ключ изогнут; be twisted with smth. his face was twisted with pain его лицо было искажено от боли
8. XVI
twist round (on, etc.) smth. creepers twist round (on) their props вьюны вьются вокруг подпорок (на подпорках); the thief twisted out of the policeman's arms воришка вывернулся из рук полицейского; the snake twisted through the grass змея, извиваясь, ползла в траве; the metal twisted with heat металл коробился от высокой температуры
9. XXI1
1) twist smth., smb. on (round, etc.) smth. twist one's ring on the finger вертеть /поворачивать/ кольцо на пальце; twist a ribbon round smth. перевязывать что-л. лентой; twist silk thread round a reel наматывать шелковую нить на катушку; twist one's muffler round one's neck обмотать шею шарфом; twist ribbons round the pole (wreaths round a column, etc.) обвивать шест лентами и т.д.; she twisted her hair round her finger to make it curl она накрутила волосы на палец, чтобы они вились; twist a person round one's little finger coll. подчинить кого-л. своему влиянию, крутить кем-л. как хочешь; twist smth. into smth. twist flowers into a wreath (flowers into a garland, pieces of straw into a rope, threads into yarn, etc.) плести венок из цветов и т.д.; twist the dough into funny shapes делать из теста затейливые формы; twist smth. out of smth. he twisted the stick out of my hand он выдернул палку у меня из рук || twist one's way through the crowd пробираться зигзагами через толпу

2) twist smth. into smth. twist smb.'s words into a confession (into an admission of error, etc.) искажать /передергивать/ чьи-л. слова так, чтобы их можно было истолковать как признание и т.д.

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > twist
58 brute-force attack

= brute force attack

метод грубой силы, прямой подбор, подбор [пароля] методом грубой силы

атака, заключающаяся в поиске пароля из множества всех его возможных значений путём их полного перебора. Способ подбора паролей к компьютерной системе, в котором для получения хэшированных паролей используются автоматически генерируемые последовательности символов, т. е. перебираются их всевозможные комбинации до тех пор, пока пароль не будет подобран. При этом обычно учитывается наименьшая и наибольшая возможная длина пароля. Способ наиболее длительный и ресурсоемкий, кроме того, в большинстве ОС ведётся протоколирование попыток входа в систему, и система закрывает пользователю вход после превышения им числа разрешённых неуспешных попыток.

Syn:

brute-force search, exhaustive key search, frontal attack, key trial-and-error method

см. тж. attempt limit, dictionary attack, keyspace, password

Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > brute-force attack
59 function

ˈfʌnŋkʃən функция, назначение - the * of education is to develop the mind образование имеет своей целью развить умственные способности - glass has an important * in modern architecture стекло занимает важное место в современной архитектуре функция, деятельность;
отправление( организма) - regular *s of the body нормальные функции организма - *s of the nerves функционирование нервной системы обыкн pl должностные обязанности, функции;
круг обязанностей - to perform one's daily *s выполнять повседневные служебные обязанности - to exercise administrative *s исполнять административные обязанности торжественная церемония;
торжество - * to be held on... торжественное собрание состоится... - to attend a great state * присутствовать на большом торжестве (разговорное) прием, вечер - quite a small * вечеринка - to see smb. at a * встретить кого-л на приеме (математика) функция - * linear * линейная функция функционировать, действовать;
работать - the telephone was not *ing телефон не работал выполнять функции, исполнять обязанности - the new official started *ing новый чиновник приступил к своим обязанностям - when the mother was ill the eldest girl had to * as both cook and housemaid когда мать была больна, старшей девочке приходилось и готовить, и убирать дом - in earlier English the present tense often *ed as the future в древнеанглийском языке настоящее время часто заменяло будущее address ~ вчт. адресная функция administrative ~ управленческая функция approximation ~ аппроксимирующая функция arithmetic ~ арифметическая функция array handling ~ вчт. функция обработки массивов as a ~ в качестве функции average sample number ~ функция среднего числа наблюдений belief ~ функция доверия blending ~ стыковочная функция Boolean ~ мат. булева функция buffer ~ согласующая функция buffer ~ функция буферного запаса built-in ~ вчт. встроенная функция built-in ~ стандартная функция bus resolution ~ вчт. функция разрешения шины circuit ~ вчт. схемная функция constraint ~ функция ограничений consumption ~ функция потребления convex ~ выпуклая функция covariance ~ функция ковариации criterion ~ оценочная функция criterion ~ целевая функция cumulative distribution ~ стат. интегральная функция распределения damped ~ затухающая функция decision ~ решающая функция degate ~ блокирующая функция demand ~ функция спроса driving ~ задающая функция dual ~ двойственная функция empiric distribution ~ эмпирическая функция распределения empiric ~ эмпирическая функция empirical distribution ~ эмпирическая функция распределения error ~ функция ошибок evaluation ~ оценочная функция exponential ~ экспоненциальная функция finance ~ финансовая служба fitled ~ эмпирическая функция fitted ~ подобранная функция fitted ~ эмпирическая функция frequency ~ плотность вероятности function разг. вечер, прием (часто public или social function) ~ действовать ~ (обыкн. pl) должностные обязанности ~ исполнять назначение ~ назначение ~ отправление (организма) ~ торжество;
торжественное собрание ~ функционировать, действовать;
выполнять функции ~ функционировать ~ мат. функция ~ функция, назначение ~ функция goal ~ целевая функция hashing ~ функция расстановки ill-behaved ~ нерегулярная функция illegal ~ вчт. запрещенная функция impure ~ вчт. функция с побочным эффектом intrinsic ~ вчт. встроенная функция inverse ~ обратная функция issuing ~ эмиссионная функция key ~ вчт. ключевая функция library ~ вчт. библиотечная функция likelihood ~ функция правдоподобия line ~ функция линейного подразделения linear utility ~ линейная функция полезности main ~ главная функция mapping ~ вчт. отображающая функция membership ~ функция принадлежности merit ~ оценочная функция nonlinear ~ нелинейная функция nonsale ~ обязанности, не связанные со сбытом nospread ~ вчт. специальная форма objective ~ вчт. целевая функция optimal decision ~ оптимальная решающая функция optimized ~ вчт. оптимизированная функция plotted ~ график функции polymorphic ~ вчт. полиморфная функция predefined ~ вчт. стандартная функция preference ~ функция предпочтения primary ~ первичная функция primitive recursive ~ вчт. примитивная рекурсивная функция processing ~ вчт. вычислительная функция processor defined ~ вчт. встроенная машинно-зависимая функция production ~ производственная функция purchasing ~ закупочная деятельность pure ~ вчт. функция без побочного эффекта ramp ~ вчт. телообразная функция ranking ~ функция ранжирования recording ~ функция учета recursive ~ рекурсивная функция regression ~ функция регрессии sales ~ отдел сбыта sales ~ торговый отдел sales ~ функция сбыта secretarial ~ должностные обязанности секретаря secretarial ~ круг обязанностей секретаря service ~ вчт. функция обслуживания shifting ~ вчт. функция сдвига shuffle ~ вчт. функция переключения signum ~ вчт. знаковая функция single-valued ~ однозначная функция staff ~ функции центрального аппарата предприятия state ~ государственная функция state ~ вчт. функция состояния statement ~ вчт. оператор -функция statistical decision ~ статистическая решающая функция stochastic ~ стохастическая функция storage ~ вчт. функция запоминания storage ~ вчт. функция хранения stream ~ вчт. потоковая функция supervising ~ контрольная функция supervisory ~ наблюдательная функция supply ~ функция предложения support ~ вчт. функция поддержки table ~ табличная функция tabulated ~ табличная функция target ~ вчт. целевая функция threshold ~ пороговая функция utility ~ вчт. утилита weight ~ весовая функция

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > function
60 equipment

1) оборудование; оснащение; аппаратура, аппаратные средства; арматура

2) армировка ( шахтного ствола)

3) ж.-д. подвижной состав

4) снаряжение

•

to abuse an equipment — неквалифицированно обращаться с оборудованием

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turn-key pattern equipment
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accessory starting equipment
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aerial equipment
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aeronautical equipment
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aerospace ground equipment
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agglomeration equipment
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air brake equipment
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airborne direction finding equipment
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airborne electronics equipment
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airborne equipment
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airborne identification equipment
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airborne weather equipment
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air-cleaning equipment
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air-conditioning equipment
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aircraft equipment
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aircraft recorder equipment
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air-handling equipment
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air-insulated equipment
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air-processing equipment
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airslide equipment
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air-survey equipment
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alignment equipment
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analog equipment
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ancillary equipment
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answering equipment
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area navigation equipment
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associated-gas handling equipment
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atmospheric heat-transfer equipment
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audio equipment
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automatic control equipment
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automatic insertion equipment
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automatic stabilization equipment
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automatic test equipment
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auxiliary equipment
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backup equipment
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ballasting equipment
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batch-preparation equipment
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bathroom-and-lavatory equipment
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blasting equipment
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blind flight equipment
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block equipment
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bookbinding equipment
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brake equipment
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bread-making equipment
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bridling equipment
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broadcasting equipment
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broadcast equipment
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brown stock washing equipment
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built-in equipment
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built-in test equipment
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cable logging equipment
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cab-signaling equipment
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calling equipment
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camp equipment
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can-making equipment
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canning equipment
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caption-producing equipment
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carburetor heat equipment
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cast molding equipment
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catering equipment
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centrifugal air-conditioning equipment
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charging equipment
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check-out equipment
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chemically-proof electrical equipment
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chilling equipment
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CMC equipment
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coal-handling equipment
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cockpit equipment
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coding equipment
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coil-handling equipment
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coil-in-box equipment
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coke-side equipment
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cold-draw equipment
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collision warning equipment
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commercial equipment
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commercial refrigeration equipment
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common equipment
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communication security equipment
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communications equipment
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communication equipment
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commuter equipment
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comparison equipment
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component-insertion equipment
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composing equipment
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compound equipment
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compression refrigeration equipment
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compressor equipment
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computer equipment
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conning equipment
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construction equipment
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continuous fusing equipment
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control equipment
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cooking equipment
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copying equipment
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cord latex equipment
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crane electrical equipment
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crushing equipment
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current collection equipment
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customer premises equipment
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data acquisition equipment
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data terminal equipment
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data transmission equipment
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data-circuit terminating equipment
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data-processing equipment
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dead-reckoning equipment
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deairing equipment
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deck equipment
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depositing equipment
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detonating equipment
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digital equipment
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digital multiplex equipment
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digital still-stare equipment
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digital video equipment
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display equipment
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distance measuring equipment
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distillation equipment
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ditching equipment
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domestic refrigeration equipment
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doping equipment
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downhole equipment
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downstream equipment
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drill stem equipment
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drilling equipment
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drilling mud handling equipment
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drilling mud mixing equipment
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drip-proof electrical equipment
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dry-quenching equipment
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dual laterolog equipment
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dusting equipment
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dustproof electrical equipment
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dust-tight electrical equipment
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earth-moving equipment
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edge-strip scanning equipment
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editing equipment
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electric face equipment
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electrical equipment
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electrodialysis membrane equipment
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electroheat equipment
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electromagnetic exploration equipment
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electronic countermeasures equipment
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electronic equipment
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emergency breathing equipment
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emission-control equipment
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engine-testing equipment
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environmental simulation equipment
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error-control equipment
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evacuating equipment
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excavating equipment
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explosionproof electrical equipment
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face equipment
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facsimile equipment
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farm equipment
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field equipment
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field-production equipment
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film equipment
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film-scanning equipment
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finishing equipment
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fire-extinguishing equipment
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firing equipment
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fishing equipment
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fixed equipment
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flame-hardening equipment
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flameproof electrical equipment
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flow head equipment
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formation density equipment
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fracturing head equipment
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fuel-injection equipment
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gas conditioning equipment
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gas processing equipment
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general-purpose equipment
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glider launch equipment
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glider tow equipment
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government furnished equipment
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grading equipment
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graphic arts equipment
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grinding-mixing equipment
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ground-based electrical equipment
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ground electrical equipment
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harvesting equipment
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hauling equipment
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heat-exchange equipment
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heat-transfer equipment
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heavy-duty equipment
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higher-horsepower equipment
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high-maintenance equipment
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high-performance equipment
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high-pressure spray equipment
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high-temperature head equipment
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high-voltage equipment
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hoisting equipment
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home video equipment
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horizontal-loop equipment
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household equipment
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humidity test equipment
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hydraulic equipment
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hygiene equipment
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indoor electrical equipment
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induced-polarization equipment
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induced-polarization logging equipment
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induction hardening equipment
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induction log equipment
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inductive heating equipment
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industrial equipment
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industrial-television equipment
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inertial navigational equipment
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ingot-forming equipment
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in-line equipment
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insertion equipment
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inspection equipment
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instrument-landing equipment
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integral test equipment
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intercity equipment
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intercooling equipment
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interlocking equipment
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isophasing equipment
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landing equipment
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laser illumination tracking equipment
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life saving equipment
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lighting equipment
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linear matting equipment
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loading equipment
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logging equipment
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log-processing equipment
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low-maintenance equipment
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lumber-drying equipment
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lumberman's equipment
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machine-computer interfacing equipment
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magnetic-tape equipment
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magnetotelluric equipment
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maintenance equipment
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makeup equipment
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manual test equipment
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marine equipment
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marine refrigeration equipment
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materials handling equipment
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MDI equipment
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measuring equipment
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mechanical refrigerating equipment
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metering equipment
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microfilm duplicating equipment
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milling equipment
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mine electrical equipment
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mineral processing equipment
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mine-rescue equipment
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mining equipment
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mixing equipment
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mobile equipment
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monitoring equipment
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monophonic equipment
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multidimension gaging equipment
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multiplex equipment
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navigation equipment
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NC equipment
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night vision equipment
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night-flying equipment
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nozzle-stopper equipment
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office equipment
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off-line equipment
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oil field equipment
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oil-dispensing equipment
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on-line equipment
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open-type electrical equipment
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optional equipment
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ore-handling equipment
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outdoor electrical equipment
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outside broadcasting equipment
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overhead equipment
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paper converting equipment
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parts handling equipment
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pass-through stretch wrapping equipment
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payoff equipment
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perforating equipment
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peripheral equipment
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permanent way equipment
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phototypesetting equipment
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photovoltaic equipment
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Piggyback equipment
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platemaking equipment
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pneumatic equipment
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portable electrical equipment
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portable equipment
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power equipment
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power-conditioning equipment
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powerhouse permanent equipment
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printing equipment
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process control equipment
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processing equipment
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production equipment
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production run equipment
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projection equipment
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protected equipment
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protection equipment
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public address equipment
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pusher-side equipment
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quenching equipment
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radar equipment
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radio communication equipment
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radio equipment
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radio receiving equipment
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radio transmitting equipment
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radioactivity well logging equipment
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rail brake equipment
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railway equipment
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ranging equipment
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readout equipment
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reciprocating air-conditioning equipment
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reciprocating compression equipment
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reference measuring equipment
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reflection equipment
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refraction equipment
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refrigerating equipment
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remote control equipment
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residue recovery equipment
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resistivity logging equipment
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rigging equipment
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round-trip equipment
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running equipment
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sawmill equipment
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scrap-handling equipment
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scrap-processing equipment
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scrap-reclaiming equipment
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sealed electrical equipment
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security equipment
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seismic exploration equipment
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self-contained equipment
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self-potential equipment
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service equipment
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setting equipment
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shear knife changing equipment
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shipboard equipment
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shooting equipment
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sign towing equipment
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signal-conversion equipment
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simple equipment
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sinking equipment
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slaughtering equipment
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slicing equipment
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slide equipment
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small commercial refrigeration equipment
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smoking equipment
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snow handling equipment
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solids control equipment
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sonic equipment
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sound equipment
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spark-erosion equipment
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special-effects equipment
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special-purpose equipment
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splashproof equipment
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spray equipment
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stand-alone equipment
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standard equipment
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standardization equipment
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standby equipment
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stationary equipment
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stereophonic equipment
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stereo equipment
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stoplog handling equipment
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stripping equipment
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strip-storage equipment
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studio-production equipment
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studio equipment
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stump-pulling equipment
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stump-to-roadside equipment
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submersible electrical equipment
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subtitling equipment
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supervisory equipment
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surface equipment
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surface hardening equipment
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surface measuring equipment
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survival equipment
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switching equipment
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talk-back equipment
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telecine equipment
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television automatic-monitoring equipment
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television equipment
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television field equipment
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television relay equipment
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television studio equipment
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television-broadcasting equipment
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television-film equipment
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tensioning equipment
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terminal equipment
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testing equipment
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test equipment
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timing equipment
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totally enclosed electrical equipment
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tower equipment
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track circuit equipment
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trackside equipment
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track equipment
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tracking equipment
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traction electrical equipment
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train-stop equipment
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transient electromagnetic equipment
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tunneling equipment
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turning gaging equipment
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turnout equipment
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underground equipment
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underwater equipment
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underwater TV equipment
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user equipment
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vacuum coating equipment
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vacuum-casting equipment
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vacuum-distillation equipment
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vacuum-treating equipment
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vehicular equipment
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ventilating equipment
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video equipment
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video tape editing equipment
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warp knitting equipment
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water treating equipment
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waterproof electrical equipment
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welding equipment
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wellhead equipment
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well-logging equipment
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wheel alignment equipment
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woodworking equipment

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > equipment

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

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Key punch — A key punch is a device for entering data into punched cards by precisely punching holes at locations designated by the keys struck by the operator. Early keypunches were manual devices. Later keypunches were mechanized, often resembled a small… … Wikipedia
Key Code Qualifier — KCQ redirects here. For the radio station in Saginaw, Michigan, see WKCQ Key Code Qualifier is a computer term used to describe an error code returned by a SCSI device.When a SCSI target device returns a check condition in response to a command,… … Wikipedia
error (sampling and non-sampling) — There are many sources of inaccuracy, or error, in a survey. Sampling error consists of bias in sample selection procedures, plus random sampling error. Non response bias can be measured and analysed after interviewing is completed. There is… … Dictionary of sociology
Reed–Solomon error correction — Reed Solomon error correction is an error correcting code that works by oversampling a polynomial constructed from the data. The polynomial is evaluated at several points, and these values are sent or recorded. Sampling the polynomial more often… … Wikipedia
Typographical error — Typo redirects here. For other uses, see Typo (disambiguation). For the Wikipedia Typo Team, see Wikipedia:Typo. A typographical omission of the word not in the sentence Thou shalt not commit adultery. This printing of the Bible has become known… … Wikipedia
Descartes' Error — Descartes Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain Original paperback edition cover … Wikipedia
Healthcare error proliferation model — The Healthcare Error Proliferation Model is the adaptation of James Reason’s Swiss Cheese Model designed to illustrate the complexity inherent in the contemporary healthcare delivery system and the attribution of human error within these systems … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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error+key

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на русский

error+key

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