-
1 decuriō
decuriō āvī, ātus, āre [decuria], to divide into decuriae: decuriati equites, L. — To divide into companies, enroll in clubs (for bribery): cum vicatim homines decuriarentur: improbos.* * *Idecuriare, decuriavi, decuriatus V TRANSmake (cavlary) squads of ten; organize in military fashion; enrol in decuriaIIdecurion, officer commanding a decuria (calvary squad); (also naval); foreman; member of municipal senate/governing committee of decuria; councillor -
2 decuriō
decuriō ōnis, m [decuria], the chief of a decuria, commander of a decuria of cavalry, Cs.— A member of a municipal senate: decurionum decretum, Cs.* * *Idecuriare, decuriavi, decuriatus V TRANSmake (cavlary) squads of ten; organize in military fashion; enrol in decuriaIIdecurion, officer commanding a decuria (calvary squad); (also naval); foreman; member of municipal senate/governing committee of decuria; councillor -
3 decurio
1.dĕcŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [decuria], to divide into decuriae.I.Prop.:* II.equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,
Liv. 22, 38, v. preced. art.—Esp. to divide the people into companies or clubs for purposes of bribery and corruption:servorum delectus habebatur... cum vicatim homines conscriberentur, decuriarentur,
Cic. Sest. 15:decuriasse Plancium, conscripsisse, etc.,
id. Planc. 18, 45; cf. ib. 19, 47; id. Phil. 7, 6, 18; id. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5, and v. decuriatio.—Trop.:2.vertex incrementis lustralibus decuriatus,
i. e. of a man ten lustres old, Mart. Cap. 1, p. 1.dĕcŭrĭo, ōnis (also DECURES decuriones, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 22, and 75, 9 Müll.;and DECVRIONVS, the same,
ib. 49, 16), m. [id.], the head or chief of a decuria, a decurion. The name was first given by Romulus to the head of the tenth part of a curia (cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, p. 354). In the army, the commander of a decuria of cavalry, Varr. L. L. 5, § 91 Müll.; Veget. Mil. 2, 14; Caes. B. C. 1, 23; 1, 13; Tac. A. 13, 40; id. H. 2, 29. After the extension of the Roman dominion, the members of the senate of the municipia and the colonies were called decuriones, Dig. 50, 16, 239; 50, 2; Cod. Just. 10, 31; Cic. Sest. 4, 10; id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25; id. Clu. 14, 41; Vulg. Marc. 15, 43.—Sometimes i. q. praefectus, applied to the overseer of the persons employed in any duty about the court, e. g. a head-chamberlain:cubiculariorum,
Suet. Dom. 17, PROCVLVS DECVRIO GERMANORVM (i. e. custodum corporis) TI. GERMANICI, Inscr. Orell. 2923. -
4 decuriātiō
decuriātiō ōnis, f [1 decurio], a dividing into decuriae: tribulium.* * *decuriatio tribulium -- voters - for corruption/intimidation
-
5 decuriātus
decuriātus ūs, m [decurio], a dividing into decuriae: ad decuriatum convenire, L. -
6 decurionatis
decurionatis, decurionate ADJoffice/rank of military/municipal decurio; (squad commander/municipal senator) -
7 centurio
1.centŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [centuria], to divide into centuries (acc. to centuria, I.).I.Of land:II.agrum,
Hyg. Lim. p. 195 Goes.; cf. Fest. p. 53 Müll.—Of the army (only of infantry; cf. decurio), to arrange in centuries, assign to companies:B.cum homines in tribunali Aurelio palam conscribi centuriarique vidissem,
Cic. Red. Quir. 5, 13: rem gerit palam (Octavius); centuriat Capuae;dinumerat. Jam jamque vides bellum,
id. Att. 16, 9 fin.:juventutem,
Liv. 25, 15, 9:seniores quoque,
id. 6, 2, 6; 29, 1, 2:equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,
id. 22, 38, 3; so id. 10, 21, 4:Juventus Romana... equis delapsa se ipsam centuriavit,
i. e. reduced to infantry, Val. Max. 3, 2, n. 8: mulus centuriatus, for carrying provisions, Aur. ap. Vop. Aur. 7, 7.—Facetiously:III.eripiam ego hodie concubinam militi, Si centuriati bene sunt maniplares mei,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 3; cf. id. Curc. 4, 4, 29.—Of the people in the meeting of the council, only part. perf.: comitia centuriata, in which all the Roman people voted according to centuries (this was done in the choice of higher magistrates, in decisions in respect to war and peace, and, until Sulla's time, in questions affecting life or citizenship; cf. Messala ap. Gell. 13, 15, 4; Lael. Felix ib. 15, 27, 4; Cic. Red. Sen. 11, 27), Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44:2.quod ad populum centuriatis comitiis tulit,
id. Phil. 1, 8, 19; Liv. 3, 55, 3; 8, 12, 15.—Facetiously:Pseudolus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,
i. e. has sentenced me to death, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 134 Lorenz ad loc.—Hence, P. a.: centŭrĭā-tus, a, um, of or belonging to the comitia centuriata: Centuriata lex, advised in the comitia centuriata, Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 26.centŭrĭo (in many inscriptions before the time of Quintilian erroneously aspirated chenturio, like ch oronae, prae ch ones, etc., Quint. 1, 5, 20; cf. the letter C), ōnis, m. (access. form centŭrĭōnus, like curionus and decurionus, acc. to Fest. p. 49 Müll.) [centuria, II.], the commander of a century, a captain, centurion, occupying a station below the tribunus, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 25; 6, 39; Cic. Balb. 15, 34; Sall. J. 59, 3; Liv. 2, 27, 6; 7, 41, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 73; cf. Dict. of Antiq. -
8 centurionus
1.centŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [centuria], to divide into centuries (acc. to centuria, I.).I.Of land:II.agrum,
Hyg. Lim. p. 195 Goes.; cf. Fest. p. 53 Müll.—Of the army (only of infantry; cf. decurio), to arrange in centuries, assign to companies:B.cum homines in tribunali Aurelio palam conscribi centuriarique vidissem,
Cic. Red. Quir. 5, 13: rem gerit palam (Octavius); centuriat Capuae;dinumerat. Jam jamque vides bellum,
id. Att. 16, 9 fin.:juventutem,
Liv. 25, 15, 9:seniores quoque,
id. 6, 2, 6; 29, 1, 2:equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,
id. 22, 38, 3; so id. 10, 21, 4:Juventus Romana... equis delapsa se ipsam centuriavit,
i. e. reduced to infantry, Val. Max. 3, 2, n. 8: mulus centuriatus, for carrying provisions, Aur. ap. Vop. Aur. 7, 7.—Facetiously:III.eripiam ego hodie concubinam militi, Si centuriati bene sunt maniplares mei,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 3; cf. id. Curc. 4, 4, 29.—Of the people in the meeting of the council, only part. perf.: comitia centuriata, in which all the Roman people voted according to centuries (this was done in the choice of higher magistrates, in decisions in respect to war and peace, and, until Sulla's time, in questions affecting life or citizenship; cf. Messala ap. Gell. 13, 15, 4; Lael. Felix ib. 15, 27, 4; Cic. Red. Sen. 11, 27), Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44:2.quod ad populum centuriatis comitiis tulit,
id. Phil. 1, 8, 19; Liv. 3, 55, 3; 8, 12, 15.—Facetiously:Pseudolus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,
i. e. has sentenced me to death, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 134 Lorenz ad loc.—Hence, P. a.: centŭrĭā-tus, a, um, of or belonging to the comitia centuriata: Centuriata lex, advised in the comitia centuriata, Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 26.centŭrĭo (in many inscriptions before the time of Quintilian erroneously aspirated chenturio, like ch oronae, prae ch ones, etc., Quint. 1, 5, 20; cf. the letter C), ōnis, m. (access. form centŭrĭōnus, like curionus and decurionus, acc. to Fest. p. 49 Müll.) [centuria, II.], the commander of a century, a captain, centurion, occupying a station below the tribunus, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 25; 6, 39; Cic. Balb. 15, 34; Sall. J. 59, 3; Liv. 2, 27, 6; 7, 41, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 73; cf. Dict. of Antiq. -
9 condecurio
con-dĕcŭrĭo, ōnis, m., a fellow-decurion, Inscr. Orell. 3733. -
10 cubicularis
cŭbĭcŭlārĭus, a, um ( cŭbĭcŭlāris, e; gen., Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134; dat., id. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; but ap. Suet. Aug. 7, the better read. is cubiculi Lares; v. cubiculum, I.), adj. [cubiculum], of or pertaining to a sleepingchamber.I.Adj.:II.lucerna,
Mart. 14, 39 in lemm.:gausapina,
id. 14, 147 in lemm.:stragula,
Plin. 8, 58, 83, § 226.—Subst.: cŭ-bĭcŭlārĭus, ii, m., a chamber-servant, valet-de-chambre:hunc vestri janitores, hunc cubicularii diligunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8; id. Att. 6, 2, 5:manere... cum uno medico et cubicularis duobus,
Suet. Caes. 4 Roth (al. -ariis); id. Ner. 38; Capitol. Pert. 4:decurio cubiculariorum,
the head of the servants of the bedchamber, Suet. Dom. 17. -
11 cubicularius
cŭbĭcŭlārĭus, a, um ( cŭbĭcŭlāris, e; gen., Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134; dat., id. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; but ap. Suet. Aug. 7, the better read. is cubiculi Lares; v. cubiculum, I.), adj. [cubiculum], of or pertaining to a sleepingchamber.I.Adj.:II.lucerna,
Mart. 14, 39 in lemm.:gausapina,
id. 14, 147 in lemm.:stragula,
Plin. 8, 58, 83, § 226.—Subst.: cŭ-bĭcŭlārĭus, ii, m., a chamber-servant, valet-de-chambre:hunc vestri janitores, hunc cubicularii diligunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8; id. Att. 6, 2, 5:manere... cum uno medico et cubicularis duobus,
Suet. Caes. 4 Roth (al. -ariis); id. Ner. 38; Capitol. Pert. 4:decurio cubiculariorum,
the head of the servants of the bedchamber, Suet. Dom. 17. -
12 D
D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).II.As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.III.The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—1. 2.An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—3.An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—4.An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —5. IV.In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).2.D final was also anciently found—a.In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —b.In the imperative mood;c.as estod,
Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).V.As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000. -
13 d
D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).II.As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.III.The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—1. 2.An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—3.An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—4.An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —5. IV.In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).2.D final was also anciently found—a.In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —b.In the imperative mood;c.as estod,
Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).V.As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000. -
14 decures
dĕcŭres, v. 2. decurio. -
15 decuria
dĕcŭrĭa, ae, f. [decem, after the analogy of centuria, from centum], a division consisting of ten, a company of ten, a tithing: decuria, decade, Gr. dekas (cf. Eng. dozen). Thus Romulus, acc. to Dion. Hal. 2, 7, p. 82 d, formed out of the thirty curiae 300 dekadas (gentes), v. 2. decurio init. So, too, in agriculture:II.classes etiam non majores quam denum hominum faciundae, quas decurias appellaverunt antiqui,
Col. 1, 9, 7; cf. Gell. 18, 7; Sen. Ep. 47, 7; Vitr. 7, 1, 3. Of things: pellium tentoriarum, Valerian. ap. Trebell. Claud. 14.—In gen. (cf. centuria), a division, company, class, most freq. of the decuriae of the judges (three, till the time of Augustus, who added a fourth, and Caligula a fifth), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32 fin.; id. Phil. 1, 8; 13, 2, 3; id. Clu. 37, 103; Suet. Aug. 32; id. Calig. 16; Quint. 4, 2, 45; Inscr. Orell. 3877; 3155 sq. al.:equitum,
Suet. Tib. 41:scribarum,
id. Claud. 1; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79:VIATORIA,
Inscr. Orell. 4076; 2204 al. Said jocosely of a party of boon companions, association, club, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 62; Caecil. ap. Non. 139, 19 (Com. 15 Ribb.). -
16 decuriatio
dĕcŭrĭātĭo, ōnis, f. [1. decurio], a dividing into decuriae:tribulium, descriptio populi, etc.,
Cic. Planc. 18, 45. -
17 decurionalis
dĕcŭrĭōnālis, e, adj. [2. decurio], belonging to a decurion, bouleutikos, Gloss. Philox.; Inscr. Grut. 469, 4. -
18 decurionus
dĕcŭrĭōnus, v. 2. decurio init. -
19 optio
1.optĭo, ōnis, f. [opto], choice, free choice, liberty to choose, privilege, option (class.):2. I.optio haec tua est, utram harum vis condicionem, accipe,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 13:nec mihi jus meum optinendi optio est,
id. Cas. 2, 2, 19:utro frui malis, optio sit tua,
Cic. Fat. 2, 3:vobis datur, utrum velitis,
you have your choice, id. Caecin. 23, 64:potestatem optionemque facere alicui, ut eligat,
to let a person have his choice, id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:eligendi cui patroni daretur optio,
id. Brut. 50, 189:hiberna legionis eligendi optio delata commodum,
id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3):optionem tribuere,
Sulp. Sev. p. 191 Horn.:optionem proponere,
Ambros. Poenit. 2, 6, 50; Aug. Trin. 14, 19:trium tibi datur optio,
Vulg. 2 Reg. 24, 12; id. 1 Par. 21, 10:tutoris,
selection, Gai. Inst. 1, 150.In gen.:II.tibi optionem sumito Leonidam,
Plaut. As. 1, 1, 88:fabricae,
Dig. 50, 6, 6.—In partic., in milit. lang., an adjutant, Tac. H. 1, 21; id. A. 1, 25; Varr. L. L. 5, § 91 Müll.: in re militari optio appellatur is, quem decurio aut centurio optat sibi rerum privatarum ministrum, quo facilius obeat publica officia, Paul. ex Fest. p. 184 Müll.: optio qui nunc dicitur, antea appellabatur accensus. Is adjutor dabatur centurioni a tribuno militum:qui ex eo tempore, quem velint, centurionibus permissum est optare, et nomen ex facto sortitus est,
Fest. p. 198 Müll.:optiones ab optando appellati, quod, etc.,
Veg. Mil. 2, 7.—Very freq. in inscrr., Grut. 551, 3; Malv. Marm. Fels. p. 317 et saep. -
20 principalis
princĭpālis, e, adj. [princeps].I.In gen., first, original, primitive (class.):II.causae,
Cic. Fat. 5, 9:est igitur tropus sermo a naturali et principali significatione translatus ad aliam,
Quint. 9, 1, 4:verba,
Gell. 11, 15, 5.—In partic.A.In rank, first in rank, station, or esteem, chief, principal:a. b.viri,
App. Flor. p. 363, 38.—Of things abstr. and concr.:pici principales in auguriis,
Plin. 10, 18, 20, § 41:principalia in Arabiā tus, et myrrha,
id. 12, 13, 30, § 51:principalia aquatilium,
id. 31, 6, 38, § 72:causarum aliae sunt perfectae et principales, aliae adjuvantes et proximae,
Cic. Fat. 18, 41:quaestio,
Quint. 4, 4, 1:post haec duo principalia subjungebat illa non minus intuenda,
after these two principal points, Col. 1, 3, 3:principali studio (i. e. praecipuo),
Gell. 13, 10, 1:principalia verba,
primitive, id. 11, 15, 5:de culturā agri praecipere, principale fuit et apud exteros,
a principal thing, Plin. 18, 3, 5, § 22:principalis obligatio, res (opp. accessio),
Gai. Inst. 3, 126.— Comp.:principalior,
Tert. Anim. 43: principaliora quaeque, id. cont. Marc. 4, 36.—As subst.: princĭpālis, is, m.The chief magistrate of a municipality, Symm. Ep. 9, 1; Dig. 48, 19, 27; Isid. Orig. 9, 4:c.principalis aut decurio,
Cod. Just. 10, 31, 33; 10, 34, 2, § 1.—An inferior officer, Dig. 49, 16, 13.—2.Of or belonging to a prince or ruler, princely, imperial, the emperor's (post-Aug.):B.principalis quies,
Vell. 2, 56, 3:fastigium,
id. 1, 11, 6:opera,
id. 2, 124, 3:curae,
Plin. Pan. 79:copiae,
id. ib. 82:apparatus arrogantiae principalis,
id. ib. 76:beneficia,
id. ib. 36:matrimonium,
Tac. H. 1, 22:commentarii,
id. ib. 4, 40:fortuna,
id. ib. 2, 81:scortum,
id. ib. 1, 13:majestas,
Suet. Claud. 17:res,
id. Calig. 39:bonum,
Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 22: vox, Just. Inst. prooem. 3.—Of or belonging to the principes, i. e. to the second line in the order of battle (post-class.), Cod. Th. 12, 1, 151; Veg. Mil. 2, 15, 1.—2.Of or belonging to the principium in a camp: principalis castrorum porta nominatur, quod in eo loco est, in quo principes ordines tendunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 224 Müll.:A.manipulos legionum principali viā inducit,
Liv. 10, 33:porta principalis dextra,
id. 4, 19; cf. id. 40, 27. — Adv.: princĭpālĭter.In gen., chiefly, principally (post-class.):B.plurimae bestiae, sed principaliter leones,
Sol. 27:negotium gerere,
Dig. 3, 2, 4.—In partic., like a prince, imperially (post-Aug.):gaudere,
Sen. Cons. ad Polyb. 36:mores juventutis quam principaliter formas!
Plin. Pan. 47:institutae leges,
Arn. 1, 2, 2: non principaliter, incidentally, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 12, 7, 5.
Страницы
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Decurio — („Zehnschaftsführer“, von lat. decem = zehn), in altgriechischen Quellen als Dekarch bezeichnet, war im römischen Reich ein militärischer Dienstgrad mit zeitweise unterschiedlicher Bedeutung und auch ein ziviles Amt. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Decurio — was an official title in Ancient Rome, used in various connections: A member of the senatorial order in the Italian towns under the administration of Rome, and later in provincial towns organized on the Italian model (see Cuai. 4). The number of… … Wikipedia
Decurio — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Un Decurio era un oficial de caballería de las unidades montadas auxiliares del ejército romano, al mando de una turma o escuadrón de 30 jinetes. Estela de Flavius Bassus, jinete del Ala Noricorum, que indica que… … Wikipedia Español
Decurio — (röm. Ant.), 1) Vorsteher einer Decurie, s. Decuria; 2) in Municipalstädten u. Colonien so v.w. Senator … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Decurio — Decurio, bei den alten Römern das Haupt des zehnten Theiles einer Curie, Decurie, welche laut Niebuhr aus 10 Geschlechtern, gentes bestand, dann Befehlshaber der 10 Soldaten, welche jede Decurie stellte. Der Name ging allmälig auf die Häupter u.… … Herders Conversations-Lexikon
Decurio — Decurio, römischer Amtstitel, Dekurio … Universal-Lexikon
decurio — ▪ ancient Roman official plural decuriones in ancient Rome, the head of a group of 10. The title had two applications, one civil, the other military. In the first usage decurio was applied to a member of the local council or senate of a… … Universalium
decurió — de|cu|ri|ó Mot Agut Nom masculí … Diccionari Català-Català
decurio — de·cù·rio s.m. LE var. → decurione … Dizionario italiano
DECURIO — decurionum … Abbreviations in Latin Inscriptions
decurio — /dakyuriyow/ A decurion. In the provincial administration of the Roman empire, the decurions were the chief men or official personages of the large towns. Taken as a body, the decurions of a city were charged with the entire control and… … Black's law dictionary
