olere

ŏlĕo, lŭi, 2 (collat. form ŏlo, ĕre; pres. subj. olat, Afran. ap. Non. 147, 2:

olant,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 56; id. Most. 1. 3, 121; Pompon. ap. Non. 147, 5). v. n. and a. [root od-; cf. Gr. ozô; v. odor], to smell (class.; cf. odoro, fragro).

To emit a smell, to smell of any thing.

Lit., constr. absol. or with acc., less freq. with abl. of that of which any thing smells:

quid (jura) olant, nescias, nisi id unum, male ut olere intellegas,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 4, 3: rosa recens a longinquo [p. 1262] olet, sicca propius, Plin. 21, 7, 18, § 37:

olent, salsa sunt, ut tangere non velis,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 35:

mulieres ideo bene olere, quia nihil olebant, videbantur,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 1; cf. Mart. 2, 12:

hesperis noctu magis olet,

Plin. 21, 7, 18, § 39:

ceram crocum olere,

of wax, Cic. de Or. 3, 25, 99:

olet unguenta,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 37:

unguenta exotica,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 41:

vina fere dulces oluerunt mane Camenae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 5.— With abl.:

cur nardo flammae non oluere meae?

Prop. 5, 7, 32:

Arabo rore,

Ov. H. 15, 76:

sulphure,

id. M. 5, 405.—In a bad sense:

cui os oleat,

i. e. who has a foul breath, Dig. 21, 1, 12; cf. Mart. 12, 87.—

Trop., to smell of, savor of any thing; to indicate, betray any thing: quid igitur? quid olet? responde! Pen. Furtum, scortum, prandium, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 60:

nihil olere peregrinum,

to savor of, betray, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 44:

nihil ex Academiā,

id. N. D. 1, 26, 72:

malitiam,

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

verba alumnum olent,

betray, Quint. 8, 1, 3.—

To betray itself or be observed by its smell:

aurum huic olet,

i. e. he smells out, observes that I have money, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 39:

non olet, unde sit, quod dicitur cum illis?

don't you perceive whence it comes? Cic. Or. 45, 154.—Hence, ŏlens, entis, P. a., smelling, odorous (mostly poet.).

Sweet-smelling, fragrant, odoriferous:

rami olentes,

Verg. G. 1, 188:

serpylla,

Verg. G. 4, 30:

olentia pascua,

Ov. A. A. 1, 95:

mentae,

id. M. 10, 729:

Hymettus,

Stat. Th. 12, 622.—

Lit., Stinking, foul, rank:

leno,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 111:

maritus (i. e. hircus),

Hor. C. 1, 17, 7:

immundus olentia sudor Membra sequebatur,

Verg. G. 3, 564:

Medi ora,

id. ib. 2, 134:

fornix,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 30:

stagna Palici, i. e. olentia sulphure,

Ov. P. 2, 10, 25:

agri (from dead bodies),

Luc. 7, 821.—

Trop.:

quaedam,

musty, Tac. Or. 22 fin.

ŏlĕo, ēre, 2 [root al-; Sanscr. ar-, to rise; cf.: indoles, almus, alumnus. etc.], to increase, grow, found only in the compounds: adoleo, aboleo, etc.

* * *

* * *

* * *

ălăcer, cris, e, adj. (also in masc. alacris, Enn., v. below; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13, and Verg. A. 5, 380; cf. Charis. p. 63 P.—In more ancient times, alacer comm.; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 685, and 2. acer) [perh. akin to alere = to nourish, and olēre = to grow; cf. Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17; Auct. ad Her. 2, 19, 29], lively, brisk, quick, eager, active; glad, happy, cheerful (opp. languidus; cf. Doed. Syn. 3, 247, and 4, 450.—In the class. per., esp. in Cicero, with the access. idea of joyous activity).

Lit.

Of men: ignotus juvenum coetus, alternā vice Inibat alacris, Bacchio insultans modo, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P.:

quid tu es tristis? quidve es alacris?

why are you so disturbed? or why so excited? Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 13 ( = incitatus, commotus, Ruhnk.):

videbant Catilinam alacrem atque laetum,

active and joyous, Cic. Mur. 24, 49:

valentes imbecillum, alacres perterritum superare,

id. Cael. 28:

Aman laetus et alacer,

Vulg. Esth. 5, 9:

alacres animo sumus,

are eager in mind, Cic. Fam. 5, 12 fin. Manut.; Verg. A. 6, 685 al.—With ad: alacriores ad reliquum perficiendum, Auct. ad Her. 2, 31:

ad maleficia,

id. ib. 2, 30:

ad bella suscipienda alacer et promptus animus,

Caes. B. G. 3, 19; so Sall. C. 21, 5:

ad rem gerendam,

Nep. Paus. 2, 6.—With super:

alacri corde super omnibus,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 8, 66.—In Sall. once for nimble, active: cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu certabat, Fragm. 62, p. 248 Gerl.—

Of animals:

equus,

Cic. Div. 33, 73: bestiae, Auct. ad Her. 2, 19. —

Transf., poet., of concrete and abstract things:

alacris voluptas,

a lively pleasure, Verg. E. 5, 58; so, alacres enses, quick, ready to cut, Claud. Eutr. 2, 280:

involant (in pugnam) impetu alacri,

with a spirited, vigorous onset, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 90. — Sup. not used; cf. Charis. 88 P.; Rudd. I. p. 177, n. 48.— Adv.: ălăcrĭter, briskly, eagerly, Amm. 14, 2.— Comp., Just. 1, 6, 10.

allĭum (better alium; v. Plaut. Most. 48 Ritschl, and Corp. Ins. tit. iv. 2070), i, n. [cf. allas, seasoned meat], garlic (much used for food among the poor).

Lit.:

oboluisti alium,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 38; so id. Poen. 5, 5, 34 al.; Hor. Epod. 3, 3; Plin. 19, 6, 32, § 101.— Plur. alia, Verg. E. 2, 11.—

Trop.: atavi nostri cum alium ac saepe eorum verba olerent, tamen optime animati erant, Varr. ap. Non. 201, 6 (where the double trope olere... animati is worthy of notice).

ănĭmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [anima and animus].

To fill with breath or air (cf. anima, I. and II.):

duas tibias uno spiritu,

to blow upon, App. Flor. 3, p. 341, 25:

bucinas,

Arn. 6, p. 196.—More freq.,

To quicken, animate (cf. anima, II. C.): quicquid est hoc, omnia animat, format, alit, auget, creat, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Lucr. 2, 717:

vitaliter esse animata,

id. 5, 145:

formare, figurare, colorare, animare,

Cic. N. D. 1, 39, 110. stellae divinis animatae mentibus, id. Rep. 6, 15; Plin. 7, 15, 13, § 66. —

To endow with, to give, a particular temperament or disposition of mind (cf. animus, II. B. 1. b.):

utcumque temperatus sit aër, ita pueros orientes animari atque formari, ex eoque ingenia, mores, animum fingi,

Cic. Div. 2, 42, 89: Mattiaci ipso terrae suae solo ac caelo acrius animantur, i. e. ferociores redduntur, are rendered more spirited, * Tac. G. 29.—

In Ovid in a pregnant signif.: aliquid in aliquid animare, to transform a lifeless object to a living being, to change into by giving life (cf. anima, II. C. 3.):

guttas animavit in angues,

Ov. M. 4, 619:

in Nymphas animatā classe marinas,

id. ib. 14, 566.—

Trop., of colors, to enliven:

si quid Apellei gaudent animāsse colores,

Stat. S. 2, 2, 64.—Of torches, to light or kindle:

animare ad crimina taxos,

Claud. Rapt. 3, 386.—Sometimes = recreare, to refresh, revive:

cibo potuque animavit,

Hyg. Fab. 126:

florem,

Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77; so Pall. 4, 10; or in gen., to encourage, help:

ope animari, Cod. Th. 6, 4, 21, § 3: copiis,

ib. 14, 4, 10, § 5.—And with inf. = incitare, to move, incite to:

Ut hortatu vestro Eustathius, quae de scommate paulo ante dixerit, animetur aperire,

Macr. S. 7, 3.—Hence, ănĭmātus, a, um, P. a.

Animated (cf. anima, II. C.): virum virtute verā vivere animatum addecet, Enn. ap. Gell. 7, 17.—

(Acc. to C.) Brought or put into a particular frame of mind, disposed, inclined, minded, in some way (freq. and class.):

hoc animo decet animatos esse amatores probos,

Plaut. Men. 1, 3, 20: avi et atavi nostri, quom allium ac caepe eorum verba olerent, tamen optime animati erant, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7 (where the play upon olere and animati is to be noticed):

animatus melius quam paratus,

better disposed than prepared, Cic. Fam. 6, 6:

socii infirme animati,

id. ib. 15, 1:

sic animati esse debetis, ut si ille adesset,

id. Phil. 9, 5:

ut quem ad modum in se quisque, sic in amicum sit animatus,

id. Am. 16, 57:

insulas non nullas bene animatas confirmavit,

well affected, Nep. Cim. 2, 4; Liv. 29, 17:

male animatus erga principem exercitus,

Suet. Vit. 7:

circa aliquem,

Just. 14, 1:

hostili animo adversus rem publicam animatus,

Dig. 48, 4, 1: animatus in necem alicujus, Macr S. 1, 11.—In Plaut. with inf.: si quid animatus es facere, Truc. 5, 74.—

Endowed with courage, courageous, stouthearted (cf. animus, II. 2. a. and animosus;

only in ante-class. poetry): milites armati atque animati probe,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 18: cum animatus iero, satis armatus sum, Att. ap. Non. p. 233, 18:

hostis animatus,

id. ib. p. 233, 18.—

* Sup. Auct. Itin. Alex. 13.— Adv. not used.—

Neutr., to be animate, living (cf. anima, II. C.); so only ănĭ-mans, antis (abl. com. animante, but animanti in Cic. Tim. 6; gen. plur. animantium in Cic., animantum in Lucr., Manil. 4, 374, and App. Mag. 64, p. 536),

P. a., animate, living:

quos (deos) Vitellius ne animantes quidem esse concedat,

Cic. N. D. 3, 4, 11:

mundum ipsum animantem sapientemque esse,

id. ib. 1, 10, 23:

animans composque rationis mundus est,

id. ib. 2, 8, 22. —Hence,

Subst., any living, animate being; an animal (orig. in a wider sense than animal, since it included men, animals, and plants; but usu., like that word, for animals in opp. to men. The gender varies in the best class. writers between masc., fem., and neutr. When it designates man, it is masc.; brutes, com. fem.; in its widest sense, it is neutr.):

sunt quaedam, quae animam habent, nec sunt animalia, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 58, 10 sq.; Lucr. 2, 669; 2, 943:

genus omne animantum,

id. 1, 4; so id. 1, 194; 1, 350; 1, 1033; 1, 1038; 2, 78; 2, 880; 2, 921; 2, 943; 2, 1063; 2, 1071; 3, 266; 3, 417; 3, 720; 5, 431; 5, 855;

5, 917: animantium genera quattuor,

Cic. Tim. 10; 11 fin.:

animantium aliae coriis tectae sunt, aliae villis vestitae, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 47, 121:

cum ceteras animantes abjecisset ad pastum, solum hominem erexit,

id. Leg. 1, 9, 26:

animantia, quae sunt nobis nota,

id. Tim. 4.—Of animals, living beings, as opp. to plants:

Jam vero vites sic claviculis adminicula tamquam manibus adprehendunt atque ita se erigunt, ut animantes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120.— Of man: hic stilus haud petet ultro Quemquam animantem, * Hor. S. 2, 1, 40.— Comp., sup., and adv. not used.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

bĕnĕ, adv. of manner and intensity [bonus; the first vowel assimilated to the e of the foll. syllable; cf. Corss. Ausspr. 2, 366], well ( comp. melius, better; sup. optime [v. bonus init. ], best; often to be rendered by more specific Engl. adverbs).

As adjunct of verbs.

In gen.

Of physical or external goodness, usefulness, ornament, and comfort:

villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit,

Cato, R. R. 3:

villam bonam beneque aedificatam,

Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:

quid est agrum bene colere? Bene arare,

Cato, R. R. 61:

agro bene culto nihil potest esse... uberius,

Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

ubi cocta erit bene,

Cato, R. R. 157; 3; 4;

32 et saep.: te auratam et vestitam bene,

Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 50: ornatus hic satis me condecet? Ps. Optume, it is very becoming, id. Ps. 4, 1, 26:

me bene curata cute vises,

well tended, Hor. Ep. 1, 4, 15:

bene olere,

Verg. E. 2, 48:

bene sonare,

Quint. 8, 3, 16:

neque tamen non inprimis bene habitavit,

in the very best style, Nep. Att. 13, 1:

a Catone cum quaereretur, quid maxime in re familiari expediret, respondet Bene pascere? Quid secundum? Satis bene pascere,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 89: so,

bene cenare,

Cat. 13, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56:

bene de rebus domesticis constitutum esse,

to be in good circumstances, Cic. Sest. 45, 97;

similarly: rem (i. e. familiarem) bene paratam comitate perdidit,

well arranged, Plaut. Rud. prol. 38.—

With respect to the mind.

Perception, knowledge, ability:

quas tam bene noverat quam paedagogos nostros novimus,

Sen. Ep. 27, 5:

quin melius novi quam te et vidi saepius,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 22:

novi optime (Bacchus) et saepe vidi,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2:

qui optime suos nosse deberet,

Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1; id. S. 1, 9, 22: satin' haec meministi et tenes? Pa. Melius quam tu qui docuisti, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 2:

quod eo mihi melius cernere videor quo ab eo proprius absum,

Cic. Sen. 21, 77:

ut hic melius quam ipse illa scire videatur,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 66; id. Or. 38, 132:

cum Sophocles vel optime scripserit Electram suam,

id. Fin. 1, 2, 5:

gubernatoris ars quia bene navigandi rationem habet,

of able seamanship, id. ib. 1, 13, 42:

melius in Volscis imperatum est,

better generalship was displayed, Liv. 2, 63, 6:

nihil melius quam omnis mundus administratur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: de medico bene existimari scribis, that he is well thought ( spoken) of, i. e. his ability, id. Fam. 16, 14, 1:

prudentibus et bene institutis,

well educated, id. Sen. 14, 50:

sapientibus et bene natura constitutis,

endowed with good natural talent, id. Sest. 65, 137:

quodsi melius geruntur ea quae consilio geruntur quam, etc.,

more ably, id. Inv. 1, 34, 59:

tabulas bene pictas collocare in bono lumine,

good paintings, id. Brut. 75, 261:

canere melius,

Verg. E. 9, 67; Quint. 10, 1, 91:

bene pronuntiare,

id. 11, 3, 12:

bene respondere interrogationibus,

id. 5, 7, 28; 6, 3, 81.—

Of feeling, judgment, and will:

similis in utroque nostrum, cum optime sentiremus, error fuit,

when we had the best intentions, Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; so id. ib. 6, 4, 2; so,

bene sentire,

id. ib. 6, 1, 3; so,

bene, optime de re publica sentire,

to hold sound views on public affairs, id. Off. 1, 41, 149; id. Fam. 4, 14, 1; id. Phil. 3, 9, 23:

bene animatas eas (insulas) confirmavit,

well disposed, Nep. Cim. 2, 4:

ei causae quam Pompeius animatus melius quam paratus susceperat,

Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 10; so, optime animati, Varr. ap. Non. p. 201, 7:

quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo,

that you had good intentions, Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 34:

se vero bene sperare (i. e. de bello),

had good hopes, Liv. 6, 6, 18:

sperabis omnia optime,

Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 7:

tibi bene ex animo volo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6; so freq.: bene alicui velle, v. volo: bene aliquid consulere, to plan something well:

vigilando, agendo, bene consulendo prospera omnia cedunt,

Sall. C. 52, 29:

omnia non bene consulta,

id. J. 92, 2. —

Of morality, honesty, honor, etc.

Bene vivere, or bene beateque vivere ( = kalôs kagathôs), to lead a moral and happy life:

qui virtutem habeat, eum nullius rei ad bene vivendum indigere,

Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93:

in dialectica vestra nullam esse ad melius vivendum vim,

id. Fin. 1, 19, 63:

quod ni ita accideret et melius et prudentius viveretur,

id. Sen. 19, 67; cf. id. Ac. 1, 4, 15; id. Fin. 1, 13, 45; id. Off. 1, 6, 19; id. Fam. 4, 3, 3 et saep. (for another meaning of bene vivere, cf. e. infra).—

Bene mori, to die honorably, bravely, creditably, gloriously:

qui se bene mori quam turpiter vivere maluit,

Liv. 22, 50, 7:

ne ferrum quidem ad bene moriendum oblaturus est hostis,

id. 9, 3, 3; so id. 21, 42, 4:

tum potui, Medea, mori bene,

Ov. H. 12, 5.—

Bene partum, what is honestly, honorably earned or acquired:

multa bona bene parta habemus,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 65:

mei patris bene parta indiligenter Tutatur,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 5:

res familiaris primum bene parta sit, nullo neque turpi quaestu, neque odioso,

Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 15; Sall. C. 51, 42 (cf.:

mala parta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 27, 65:

male par tum,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 22).—

Apud bonos bene agier, an old legal formula: bona fide agi (v. bonus), to be transacted in good faith among good men. ubi erit illa formula fiduciae ut inter bonos bene agier oportet? Cic. Fam. 7, 12, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 61; 3, 17, 70.—

Non bene = male, not faithfully:

esse metus coepit ne jura jugalia conjunx Non bene servasset,

Ov. M. 7, 716.—

Representing an action as right or correct, well, rightly, correctly: bene mones, Ibo, you are right ( to admonish me), Ter. And. 2, 2, 36:

sequi recusarunt bene monentem,

Liv. 22, 60, 17:

quom mihi et bene praecipitis, et, etc.,

since you give sound advice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 55; so Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6; 3, 3, 80; Lucil. ap. Non. p. 372, 7:

bene enim majores accubitionem epularem amicorum convivium nominarunt, melius quam Graeci,

Cic. Sen. 13, 45:

hoc bene censuit Scaevola,

correctly, Dig. 17, 1, 48.—

Pleasantly, satisfactorily, profitably, prosperously, fortunately, successfully:

nunc bene vivo et fortunate atque ut volo atque animo ut lubet,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 111:

nihil adferrent quo jucundius, id est melius, viveremus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 41, 72:

si bene qui cenat, bene vivit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 56: quamobrem melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, is better or more profitably invested, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:

perdenda sunt multa beneficia ut semel ponas bene, Sen. Ben. poet. 1, 2, 1: etiamsi nullum (beneficium) bene positurus sit,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2:

quando hoc bene successit,

Ter. Ad. 2, 4, 23: bene ambulatum'st? Di. Huc quidem, hercle, ad te bene, Quia tui vivendi copia'st, has your walk been pleasant? Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 18:

melius ominare,

use words of better omen, id. Rud. 2, 3, 7; Cic. Brut. 96, 329:

qui se suamque aetatem bene curant,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 36.—So, bene (se) habere: ut bene me haberem filiai nuptiis, have a good time at, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 2:

qui se bene habet suisque amicis usui est,

who enjoys his life and is a boon companion, id. Mil. 3, 1, 128:

nam hanc bene se habere aetatem nimio'st aequius,

id. Merc. 3, 2, 6: bene consulere alicui, to take good care for somebody ' s interests:

tuae rei bene consulere cupio,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 9:

ut qui mihi consultum optume velit esse,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 1:

me optime consulentem saluti suae,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 2:

qui se ad sapientes viros bene consulentes rei publicae contulerunt,

id. Off. 2, 13, 46.—So, bene mereri, and rarely bene merere, to deserve well of one, i. e. act for his advantage; absol. or with de:

addecet Bene me, renti bene referre gratiam,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 36:

Licinii aps te bene merenti male refertur gratia?

id. Ps. 1, 3, 86:

ut memorem in bene meritos animum praestarem,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

cogor nonnumquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum qui bene meriti sunt, defendere,

id. ib. 7, 1, 4:

tam bene meritis de nomine Punico militibus,

Liv. 23, 12, 5:

si bene quid de te merui,

Verg. A. 4, 317; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; id. Sest. 1, 2; 12, 39; 66, 139; 68, 142; id. Mil. 36, 99; id. Phil. 2, 14, 36 et saep.; v. mereo, D. and P. a.—So esp. referring to price: bene emere, to buy advantageously, i. e. cheaply; bene vendere, to sell advantageously, i. e. at a high price: bene ego hercle vendidi te, Plaut. [p. 230] Durc. 4, 2, 34:

et quoniam vendat, velle quam optime vendere,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 51:

ita nec ut emat melius, nec ut vendat quidquam, simulabit vir bonus,

id. ib. 3, 15, 61: vin' bene emere? Do. Vin' tu pulcre vendere? Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 38:

melius emetur,

Cato, R. R. 1: quo melius emptum sciatis, Cic. ap. Suet. Caes. 50 fin.:

qui vita bene credat emi honorem,

cheaply, Verg. A. 9, 206; Sil 4, 756.—

Expressing kindness, thanks, etc.: bene facis, bene vocas, bene narras, I thank you, am obliged to you for doing, calling, saying (colloq.): merito amo te. Ph. Bene facis, thanks! Ter Eun. 1, 2, 106; cf.:

in consuetudinem venit, bene facis et fecisti non mdicantis esse, sed gratias agentis, Don. ad loc.' placet, bene facitis,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 43: dividuom talentum faciam. La. Bene facis, id. ib. 5, 3, 52: si quid erit dubium, immutabo Da. Bene fecisti, id. Ep. 5, 1, 40 Lo. Adeas, si velis. La. Bene hercle factum vobis habeo gratiam. Accedam propius, id. Rud. 3, 6, 2; Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 10.—With gratiam habere: bene fecisti;

gratiam habeo maximam,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 61; cf.

bene benigneque arbitror te facere,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 130: quin etiam Graecis licebit utare cum voles... Bene sane facis, sed enitar ut Latine loquar, I thank you for the permission, but, etc., Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 25: an exitum Cassi Maelique expectem? Bene facitis quod abominamini... sed, etc., I am much obliged to you for abhorring this, but, etc., Liv. 6, 18, 9: bene edepol narras; nam illi faveo virgini, thanks for telling me, for, etc., Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 7 (cf.:

male hercule narras,

I owe you little thanks for saying so, Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10):

bene, ita me di ament, nuntias,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 20:

benenarras,

Cic. Att. 16, 14, 4; 13, 33, 2: tu ad matrem adi. Bene vocas; benigne dicis Cras apud te, thanks for your invitation, but, etc., Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 108: eamus intro ut prandeamus. Men. Bene vocas, tam gratia'st, id. Men. 2, 3, 41.—

Of accuracy, etc., well, accurately, truly, completely:

cum ceterae partes aetatis bene descriptae sint,

Cic. Sen. 2, 5:

cui bene librato... Obstitit ramus,

Ov. M. 8, 409:

at bene si quaeras,

id. ib. 3, 141:

tibi comprimam linguam. Hau potes: Bene pudiceque adservatur,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 196:

bene dissimulare amorem,

entirely, Ter. And. 1, 1, 105:

quis enim bene celat amorem?

Ov. H. 12, 37.—So with a negation, = male restat parvam quod non bene compleat urnam, Ov. M. 12, 615: non bene conveniunt... Majestas et amor, id. ib 2, 846.—Redundant, with vix (Ovid.):

vix bene Castalio descenderat antro, Incustoditam lente videt ire juvencam ( = vix descenderat cum, etc.),

Ov. M. 3, 14:

tactum vix bene limen erat, Aesonides, dixi, quid agit meus?

id. H. 6, 24:

vix bene desieram, rettulit illa mihi,

id. F 5, 277.—

Sup., most opportunely, at the nick of time (comic):

sed eccum meum gnatum optume video,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 57:

sed optume eccum exit senex,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 44. optume adveniens, puere, cape Chlamydem, etc., id. Merc. 5, 2, 69: Davum optume Video, Ter And. 2, 1, 35; 4, 2, 3; Plaut. Rud. 3, 5, 25; 4, 5, 19; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 9; 5, 5, 2.—

Pregn.: bene polliceri = large polliceri, to make liberal promises ' praecepit ut ceteros adeant, bene polliceantur, Sall. C. 41, 5; cf.: bene promittere, to promise success:

quae autem inconstantia deorum ut primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis?

Cic. Div. 2, 17, 38.—

In partic.

Bene dicere.

To speak well, i. e. eloquently:

qui optime dicunt,

the most eloquent, Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119; 2, 2, 5:

etiam bene dicere haud absurdum est,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

abunde dixit bene quisquis rei satisfecit,

Quint. 12, 9, 7;

cf: bene loqui,

to use good language, speak good Latin, Cic. Brut. 58, 212, 64, 228.—

To speak ably:

multo oratorem melius quam ipsos illos quorum eae sint artes esse dicturum,

Cic. Or. 1, 15, 65; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 4. bene dicendi scientia, Quint. 7, 3, 12.—

To speak correctly or elegantly:

eum et Attice dicere et optime, ut..bene dicere id sit, Attice dicere,

Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 13 ' optime dicta, Quint. 10, 1, 19.—So, bene loqui:

ut esset perfecta illa bene loquendi laus,

Cic. Brut. 72, 252:

at loquitur pulchre. Num melius quam Plato?

id. Opt. Gen. 5, 16.—

To speak well, i e. kindly, of one, to praise him; absol. or with dat., or reflex., with inter (less correctly as one word, benedicere): cui bene dixit umquam bono? Of what good man has he ever spoken well, or, what good man has he ever praised, Cic. Sest. 52, 110. bene, quaeso, inter vos dicatis, et amice absenti tamen, Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 31.—Ironically:

bene equidem tibi dico qui te digna ut eveniant precor,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 26:

nec tibi cessaret doctus bene dicere lector,

Ov. Tr. 5, 9, 9: cui a viris bonis bene dicatur, Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 6, 11, 3.— And dat understood:

si bene dicatis (i. e. mihi) vostra ripa vos sequar,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 18 ' omnes bene dicunt (ei), et amant (eum), Ter. Ad. 5, 4, 11:

ad bene dicendum (i e. alteri) delectandumque redacti,

Hor. Ep 2, 1, 155 —Part. ' indignis si male dicitur, male dictum id esse duco;

Verum si dignis dicitur, bene dictum'st,

is a praise, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27 sq.: nec bene nec male dicta profuerunt ad confirmandos animos, Liv 23, 46, 1; cf. Ter. Phorm. prol. 20 infra. —Bene audio = bene dicitur mihi, I am praised:

bene dictis si certasset, audisset bene,

Ter. Phorm. prol. 20; v. audio, 5.—

To use words of good omen (euphêmein): Ol. Quid si fors aliter quam voles evenerit? St. Bene dice, dis sum fretus ( = fave lingua, melius ominare), Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 38 heja, bene dicito, id. As. 3, 3, 155.—

Bene dixisti, a formula of approbation: ne quan do iratus tu alio conferas. Th. Bene dixti, you are right, Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 61. bene et sapienter dixti dudum, etc., it was a good and wise remark of yours that, etc., id. Ad. 5, 8, 30.—

Bene dicta, fine or specious, plausible words (opp. deeds):

bene dictis tuis bene facta aures meae expostulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 25; so,

bene loqui: male corde consultare, Bene lingua loqui,

use fine words, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 16.—

Bene facere.

Bene aliquid facere, to do, make, something well, i. e. ably (v. I. A. 2. a. supra):

vel non facere quod non op time possis, vel facere quod non pessime facias,

Cic. Or. 2, 20, 86:

non tamen haec quia possunt bene aliquando fieri passim facienda sunt,

Quint. 4, 1, 70:

Jovem Phidias optime fecit,

id. 2, 3, 6; so, melius facere, Afran. ap. Macr. 6, 1.— P. a.:

quid labor aut bene facta juvant?

his labor and well-done works are no pleasure to him, Verg. G. 3, 525. —

Bene facere, with dat. absol., with in and abl., or with erga, to do a good action, to benefit somebody, to impart benefits (less cor rectly as one word, benefacio)

With dat.:

bonus bonis bene feceris,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:

bene si amico feceris, ne pigeat fecisse,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 66:

malo bene facere tantumdem est periculum quantum bono male facere,

id. Poen. 3, 3, 20:

homini id quod tu facis bene,

id. Ep 1, 2, 33:

tibi lubens bene faxim,

Ter. Ad. 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 8; 5, 8, 25:

at tibi di semper... faciant bene,

may the gods bless you, Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 32:

di tibi Bene faciant,

Ter. Ad. 5, 7, 20; so Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 18.— Pass.:

quod bonis bene fit beneficium,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 108:

pulchrum est bene facere reipublicae,

Sall. C. 3, 1:

ego ne ingratis quidem bene facere absistam,

Liv. 36, 35, 4.—Reflexively. sibi bene facere, enjoy one ' s self, have a good time, genio indulgere (v. I. A. 2. e. supra): nec quisquam est tam ingenio duro quin, ubi quidquam occasionis sit sibi faciat bene, Plaut. As. grex 5.—

With in and abl.:

quoniam bene quae in me fecerunt, ingrata ea habui,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 30.—

With erga:

si quid amicum erga bene feci,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4.—

With ellipsis of dat., to impart benefits:

ingrata atque irrita esse omnia intellego Quae dedi et quod bene feci,

Plaut. As. 1, 2, 11:

quod bene fecisti, referetur gratia,

id. Capt. 5, 1, 20:

ego quod bene feci, male feci,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 34; id. Trin. 2, 2, 41:

si beneficia in rebus, non in ipsa benefaciendi voluntate consisterent,

Sen. Ben. 1, 7, 1:

benefaciendi animus,

id. ib. 2, 19, 1.—So esp. in formula of thanks, etc.' bene benigneque arbitror te facere, I thank you heartily, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 129: Jup. Jam nunc irata non es? Alc. Non sum. Jup. Bene facis, id. Am. 3, 2, 56; v Brix ad Plaut. Trin. 384.—P. a. as subst.: bĕnĕ facta, orum, n., benefits, benefactions (cf. beneficium): bene facta male locata male facta arbitror, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62 (Trag. v 429 Vahl.): pol, bene facta tua me hortantur tuo ut imperio paream, Plaut Pers. 5, 2, 65: pro bene factis ejus uti ei pretium possim reddere. id. Capt. 5, 1, 20;

bene facta referre,

Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 182 tenere, id. ib. 2, 42.—So freq. in eccl. writ ers:

et si bene feceritis his qui vobis bene faciunt,

Vulg. Luc. 6, 33:

bene facite his qui oderunt vos,

id. Matt. 5, 44.—

Absol., to do good, perform meritorious acts (in fin. verb only eccl. Lat.)' discite bene facere, Vulg. Isa. 1, 17:

interrogo vos si licet sabbatis bene facere an male,

id. Luc. 6, 9:

qui bene facit, ex Deo est,

id. Joan. Ep. 3, 11.— In P a. (class.): bene facta (almost always in plur.), merits, meritorious acts, brave deeds:

bene facta recte facta sunt,

Cic. Par 3, 1, 22:

omnia bene facta in luce se collocari volunt,

id. Tusc. 2, 26, 64; id. Sen. 3, 9:

bene facta mea reipublicae procedunt,

Sall. J 85, 5, cf. id. C. 8, 5; id. H. Fragm. 1, 19: veteribus bene factis nova pensantes maleficia, Liv 37, 1, 2; cf. Quint. 3, 7, 13, 12, 1, 41; Prop. 2, 1, 24; Ov. M. 15, 850, Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 386.— Sing.: bene factum a vobis, dum vivitis non abscedet, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.—

In medical language, to be of good effect, benefit, do good:

id bene faciet et alvum bonam faciet,

Cato, R. R. 157, 6.—So with ad: ad capitis dolorem bene facit serpyllum, Scrib Comp. 1; so id. ib. 5; 9; 13; 41.—

In the phrase bene facis, etc., as a formula of thanks, v I A. 2. f. supra.—

Expressing joy, I am glad of it, I am glad that etc. (comic.) Da. Tua quae fuit Palaestra, ea filia inventa'st mea. La. Bene meher cule factum'st, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 9: bis tanto valeo quam valui prius. Ly. Bene hercle factum et gaudeo, id. Merc. 2, 2, 27; Ter And. 5, 6, 11; id. Hec. 5, 4, 17; id. Eun. 5, 8, 7:

bene factum et volup est hodie me his mulierculis Tetulisse auxilium,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 1; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 11; so, bene factum gaudeo: nam hic noster pater est Ant. Ita me Juppiter bene amet, benefac tum gaudeo, Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47; Ter Phorm. 5, 6, 43; cf.: Me. Rex Creo vigiles nocturnos singulos semper locat. So. Bene facit, quia nos eramus peregri, tutatu'st domum, I am glad of it, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 19. bene fecit A. Silius qui transegerit: neque enim ei deesse volebam, et quid possem timebam, I am glad that A. Silius, etc., Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1.—

With esse.

Bene est, impers., it is well.

In the epistolary formula: si vales bene est; or, si vales bene est, (ego) valeo (abbrev. S.V.B.E.V.), Afran. ap Prisc. p 804 P; Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 1; 10, 34, 1; 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 7, 1; 5, 9, 1; 5, 10, 1; 10, 33, 1; 10, 14, 8; 10, 14, 11;

14, 14, 1, 14, 14, 16: si valetis gaudeo,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 41 —These formulas were obsolete at Seneca's time: mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere: Si vales, bene est;

ego valeo,

Sen. Ep. 15, 1.—

= bene factum est (cf. I. 2. k. supra): oculis quoque etiam plus jam video quam prius: Ly. Bene est, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 26: hic est intus filius apud nos tuus. De. Optume'st, id. ib. 5, 4, 49; Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 48, 5, 5, 3; id. Hec. 5, 4, 31.—

Bene est alicui, impers., it is ( goes) well with one, one does well, is well off, enjoys himself, is happy: nam si curent, bene bonis sit, male malis, quod nunc abest, Enn ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 32, 79 (Trag. v. 355 Vahl.):

bona si esse veis, bene erit tibi,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 12:

quia illi, unde huc abvecta sum, malis bene esse solitum'st,

id. ib. 3, 1, 13:

qui neque tibi bene esse patere, et illis qui bus est invides,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 35 (so id. Trin. 2, 2, 71): num quippiam aluit me vis? De. Ut bene sit tibi, id Pers. 4, 8, 5; id. Poen. 4, 2, 90; Ter Phorm. 1, 2, 101: nemini nimium bene est, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 185 P.:

si non est, jurat bene solis esse maritis,

Hor. Ep 1, 1, 88:

nec tamen illis bene erit, quia non bono gaudent,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 11, 4: BENE SIT NOBIS, Inscr Orell. 4754; Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 95; 4, 2, 36; id. Curc. 4, 2, 31; id. Pers. 5, 2, 74; id. Stich. 5, 5, 12; id. Merc. 2, 2, 55; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 9.— Comp.: istas minas decem, qui me procurem dum melius sit mi, des. Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 40:

spero ex tuis litteris tibi melius esse,

that your health is better, Cic. Fam. 16, 22, 1; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 1; Ter And. 2, 5, 16.—With dat. understood: patria est ubi cumque est bene (i. e. cuique), where one does well, there is his country, Poet. ap. Cic Tusc 5, 37, 108 (Trag. Rel. inc. p. 248 Rib). [p. 231] —With abl., to be well off in, to feast upon a thing:

ubi illi bene sit ligno, aqua calida, cibo, vestimentis,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39:

at mihi bene erat, non piscibus, Sed pullo atque hoedo,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 120.—

Bene sum = bene mihi est:

minore nusquam bene fui dispendio,

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 20:

de eo (argento) nunc bene sunt tua virtute,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 28: dato qui bene sit;

ego ubi bene sit tibi locum lepidum dabo,

id. Bacch. 1, 1, 51:

scis bene esse si sit unde,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 70.—

Bene habere.

With subj. nom.

To enjoy, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. I. A. 2. e. supra.—

To be favorable, to favor:

bene habent tibi principia,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 82. —

With se, to be well, well off. imperator se bene habet, it is well with, Sen. Ep. 24, 9; cf.:

si te bene habes,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 122 Brix ad loc.—

Hoc bene habet, or bene habet, impers. ( = res se bene habet), it is well, matters stand well:

bene habet: jacta sunt fundamenta defensionis,

Cic. Mur. 6, 14:

bene habet: di pium movere bellum,

Liv. 8, 6, 4:

atque bene habet si a collega litatum est,

id. 8, 9, 1; Juv. 10, 72; Stat. Th. 11, 557.— So pers.: bene habemus nos, si in his spes est;

opinor, aliud agamus,

we are well off, Cic. Att. 2, 8, 1.—

Bene agere, with cum and abl.

To treat one well:

bene egissent Athenienses cum Miltiade si, etc.,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3.—

Impers.: bene agitur cum aliquo, it goes well with one, he is fortunate:

bene dicat secum esse actum,

that he has come off well, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 2:

non tam bene cum rebus humanis agitur ut meliora pluribus placeant,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 1.— With ellipsis of cum and abl.:

si hinc non abeo intestatus, bene agitur pro noxia (sc. mecum),

Plaut. Mil. 5, 23.—

Rem (negotium) bene gerere.

To administer well private or public affairs: multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 295 Vahl.):

non ut multis bene gestae, sed, ut nemini, conservatae rei publicae,

Cic. Pis. 3, 6; so,

qui ordo bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit,

id. Phil. 2, 1, 2:

rem publicam,

id. Pis. 19, 45:

Apollini republica vestra bene gesta servataque... donum mittitote,

Liv. 23, 11, 3.—

To be successful, meet with success, acquit one ' s self well; usu. of war;

also of private affairs: bello extincto, re bene gesta, vobis gratis habeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 2:

quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 41;

quasi re bene gesta,

Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:

rem te valde bene gessisse rumor erat,

that you had met with great success, Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 7; id. Planc. 25, 61:

conclamant omnes occasionem negotii bene gerendi amittendam non esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

haec cogitanti accidere visa est facultas bene rei gerendae,

id. ib. 7, 44:

res bello bene gestae,

success in war, Liv. 23, 12, 11:

laeti bene gestis corpora rebus Procurate,

Verg. A. 9, 157; cf. Cic. Planc. 25, 61; Liv. 1, 37, 6; 4, 47, 1; 8, 30, 5; 22, 25, 4; 23, 36, 2.—

Bene vertere, in wishes.

With the rel. quod or quae res as subject, to turn out well; absol. or with dat.:

quae res tibi et gnatae tuae bene feliciterque vortat,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 58:

quod utrisque bene vertat,

Liv. 8, 5, 6:

quod bene verteret,

id. 3, 26, 9; cf. id. 3, 35, 8; 3, 62, 5; 7, 39, 10; v. verto; cf.:

quod bene eveniat,

Cato, R. R. 141.—

With di as subject:

di bene vortant,

may the gods let it turn out well, may the gods grant success, Plaut. Aul. 2, 3, 5; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 10; id. Hec. 1, 2, 121; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 19; v. verte.—

Bene, colloquially in leave-taking: bene ambula, walk well, i. e. have a pleasant walk! Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 166: De. Bene ambulato! Ly. Bene vale! id. Merc 2, 2, 55:

bene valete et vivite!

id. Mil. 4, 8, 30:

cives bene valete!

id. Merc. 5, 2, 25; cf. id. Ep. 5, 1, 40; id. Merc. 2, 4, 28; 5, 4, 65; id. Curc. 4, 2, 30; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 115; id. Hec. 1, 2, 122:

salvere jubeo te, mi Saturides, bene,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 35: LAGGE, FILI, BENE QVIESCAS, Sepulch. Inscr. Orell. p. 4755.—

In invocations to the gods, often redundant (cf. bonus):

ita me Juppiter bene amet,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 47:

di te bene ament, Hegio,

id. Capt. 1, 2, 29:

ita me di bene ament,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 2, 43; id. Hec. 2, 1, 9; id. Phorm. 1, 3, 13:

Jane pater uti te... bonas preces bene precatus siem,

Cato, R. R. 134: bene sponsis, beneque volueris in precatione augurali Messala augur ait significare spoponderis, volueris, Fest. p. 351 Mull. (p. 267 Lind.).—

Elliptical expressions.

Bene, melius, optime, instead of bene, etc., dicit, dicis, or facit, facis, etc.:

bene Pericles (i.e. dixit),

Cic. Off. 1,40, 144:

bene (Philippus) ministrum et praebitorem,

id. ib. 2, 14, 53:

existimabatur bene, Latine (i. e. loqui),

id. Brut. 74, 259; so id. Sen. 14, 47:

at bene Areus,

Quint. 2, 15, 36; cf. id. 10, 1, 56:

nam ante Aristippus, et ille melius (i.e. hoc dixerat),

Cic. Fin. 1, 8, 26:

sed haec tu melius vel optime omnium (i.e. facies),

id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; id. Fin. 1, 18, 61; 1, 19, 63; id. Off. 3, 11, 49; id. Sen. 20, 73; id. Opt. Gen. 6, 18; Quint. 10, 3, 25; 10, 2, 24; 6, 1, 3; 9, 4, 23.—

In applauding answers' bene and optime, good! bravo! excellent! euge, euge! Perbene! Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 75: huc respice. Da. Optume! id. ib. 3, 4, 3; cf. id. Merc. 1, 2, 114; 5, 4, 16.—

In drinking health, with acc. or dat., health to you, your health! bene vos! bene nos! bene te! bene me! bene nostram etiam Stephanium! Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 27; Tib 2, 1, 31: bene te, pater optime Caesar, etc.; Ov. F. 2, 637:

bene mihi, bene vobis, bene amicae meae!

Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 21; Ov.A.A. 1, 601.—

Pregn., in ellipt. predicate: quod (imperium) si (ei) sui bene crediderint cives... credere et Latinos debere, if his own citizens did well to intrust the supreme power to him, etc., Liv. 1, 50, 5:

in Velia aedificent quibus melius quam P. Valerio creditur libertas,

to whom it will be safer to intrust liberty, id. 2, 7, 11:

melius peribimus quam sine alteris vestrum viduae aut orbae vivemus,

it will be better for us to perish, id. 1, 13, 3:

bene Arruntium morte usum,

that it was right for Arruntius to die, Tac. A. 6, 48; Liv. 2, 30, 6; Quint. 9, 4, 92; Tac. A. 2, 44.—

Adv. of intensity, = valde, very, with adjj. and advv.

With adjj.: bene tempestate serena, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 39, 82 (Ann. v. 517 Vahl.): foedus feri bene firmum, id. ap. Porphyr. ad Hor. C. 3, 24, 50 (Ann. v. 33 ib.); cf.:

bene firmus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 8, 1; id. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

bene robustus,

id. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

bene morigerus fuit puer,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 13:

bene ergo ego hinc praedatus ibo,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 39:

bene lautum,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 39:

bene et naviter oportet esse impudentem,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, bene nummatum te futurum, an, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 16, 3:

bene sanos,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 52; 1, 21, 71; Hor. S. 1, 3, 61; 1, 9, 44:

bene longinquos dolores,

Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 94:

sermonem bene longum,

id. Or. 2, 88, 361:

bene magna caterva,

id. Mur. 33, 69:

magna multitudo,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 4:

barbatus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 10, 22:

fidum pectus,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 15:

cautus,

Ov. H. 1, 44:

multa,

Ov. Tr. 1, 7, 15: multi, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam 10, 33, 4:

homo optime dives,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 23, 2.—

With advv.: bene saepe libenter, Enn. Ann. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 239 Vahl.); cf.:

bene libenter victitas,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 44:

bene mane haec scripsi,

Cic. Att. 4, 9, 2; 4, 10, 16:

bene penitus,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169:

bene longe,

Hirt. B. Hisp. 25:

bene gnaviter,

Sen. Ot. Sap. 1 (28), 5.—With adverb. phrase:

siad te bene ante lucem venisset,

Cic. Or. 2, 64, 259.

caenum (less correctly coenum), i, n. [cunio], dirt, filth, mud, mire (always with access. idea of loathsomeness, diff. from limus, lutum, etc.:

omnes stultos insanire, ut male olere omne caenum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 24, 54; freq. and class. in prose and poetry);

prop.: pulchrum ornatum turpes mores pejus caeno collinunt,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 133; cf. id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; 4, 2, 4; Cic. Att. 2, 21, 4; id. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 173; Lucr. 6, 977; Verg. G. 4, 49; id. A. 6, 296; Ov. M. 1, 418; * Hor. S. 2, 7, 27; Curt. 3, 13, 11; 4, 3, 25; Tac. A. 1, 73; *Suet. Vit. 17:

cloacarum,

Col. 2, 15, 6; 7, 4, 6; Plin. 31, 6, 32, § 61; Stat. Th. 9, 502; Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 13.— Prov.: mordicus petere e caeno cibum, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 138, 22.—

Trop., filth, dirt, uncleanness:

ut eum ex lutulento caeno propere hinc eliciat foras (sc. ex amore meretricum),

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 1, 17:

in tenebris volvi caenoque,

Lucr. 3, 77; cf.:

ex caeno plebeio consulatum extrahere,

Liv. 10, 15, 9.—Also as a term of reproach, dirty fellow, vile fellow, Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 3; id. Ps. 1, 3, 132; Cic. Sest. 8, 20; id. Dom. 18, 47.

clāmĭto, āvi, ātum ( part. pres. nom. plur. clamitantis, Varr. ap. Non. p. 356), 1, v. freq. n. and a. [clamo], to cry out violently or aloud, to bawl out, vociferate (class., esp. freq. since the Aug. per.; in Cic. only twice; not in Quint.; usu. of human beings).

Neutr. (rare):

ut illi clamitant,

Cic. Caecin. 3, 9;

of a bird: ipsum (passerem) accipiter... vano clamitantem interficit,

Phaedr. 1, 9, 7.—

With the words or thoughts uttered as object.

With direct citation:

Chremes clamitans: Indignum facinus,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 117:

atque clamitas, Laterensis: quo usque ista dicis?

Cic. Planc. 31, 75:

quidam caricas vendens Cauneas clamitabat,

id. Div. 2, 40, 84:

Volero, clamitans provoco,

Liv. 2, 55, 7:

ad arma, et: pro vestram fidem, cives, clamitans,

id. 9, 24, 9; 27, 48, 12; Suet. Aug. 40; Tac. A. 1, 18.—

With acc. and inf.:

clamitabat falsa esse illa, quae, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 25, 60:

saepe clamitans, liberum se... esse,

Caes. B. G. 5, 7; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 2:

clamitare coepit... ad Philotam decurrisse,

Curt. 6, 7, 27; 9, 8, 7; 10, 7, 10:

clamitans non corporis esse sed loci morbum,

Sen. Ep. 104, 1; Suet. Calig. 58; Tac. A. 12, 7; 12, 35; id. H. 2, 29; cf. id. ib. 3, 10.— Pass. impers.:

multisque sciscitantibus cuinam eam ferrent... Thalassio ferri clamitatum,

Liv. 1, 9, 12.—

With subj.:

Messalina clamitabat... audiret Octaviae matrem,

Tac. A. 11, 34:

Mnester clamitans aspiceret verberum notas,

id. ib. 11, 36; 16, 10.—

With acc.:

quid clamitas?

Ter. And. 4, 4, 28:

haec Volscio clamitante,

Liv. 3, 13, 3:

quorum clamitant nomina,

Plin. Ep. 9, 6, 2:

saeva et detestanda alicui,

to imprecate, Tac. A. 3, 23.—

With ut or ne:

Acerronia... dum se Agrippinam esse utque subveniretur matri principis clamitat, conficitur,

Tac. A. 14, 5; cf.:

neve consulatus sui collegam dederet liberto... clamitabat,

id. ib. 16, 10.—

With personal obj.:

clamitant me ut revortar,

call on me, Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 30 Lorenz (Fleck. inclamitant):

clamitent Ne sycophantam,

call, Ter. And. 4, 5, 20:

clamitans eum modo consulem modo dictatorem,

Ascon. p. 34, 13 Bait.:

plausores, Augustianos militesque se triumphi ejus clamitantes,

Suet. Ner. 25. —

Trop., of things, to proclaim, reveal, betray:

nonne ipsum caput et supercilia illa penitus abrasa olere malitiam et clamitare calliditatem videntur?

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7, 20.

D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).

As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.

The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—

An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—

An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—

An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—

An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —

A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.

In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).

D final was also anciently found—

In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —

In the imperative mood;

as estod,

Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—

In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).

As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.

D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).

As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.

The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—

An original t: mendax from mentior; quadraginta, quadra, etc., from quatuor.—

An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—

An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—

An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —

A Greek th: fides, pistis; gaudere, gêtheô; vad-i-monium (from va-d-s, vadis), aethlon.

In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).

D final was also anciently found—

In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —

In the imperative mood;

as estod,

Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—

In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).

As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.

ĭdĕo, adv. [id-eo, i. e. this for this], for that reason, on that account, therefore (class.; esp. freq. in Quint.; cf.: eo, idcirco; ergo, igitur, itaque).

Relatively.

With causal particles, quod, quia, quoniam.

With quod:

ideo quod plerique deducuntur ad molas,

Varr. R. R. 2, 6, 5:

re quidem ipsa ideo mihi non satis facio, quod nullam partem tuorum meritorum consequi possum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 8, 6; so,

ideo quod,

id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Att. 3, 14, 2; cf. id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23:

ne me foliis ideo brevioribus ornes, Quod timui, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 26:

vel ideo, quod exercere potest utrimque judicium,

Quint. 10, 1, 131; 10, 5, 16.—

With quia:

ideo quia uxor ruri est,

Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 46; id. Men. 1, 1, 2; so,

ideo quia, introducing a reason,

Cic. de Off. 1, 30, 110:

ut mulieres ideo bene olere quia nihil olebant, videbantur,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 1:

qui ideo felicia bella vestra esse, quia justa sint, prae vobis fertis,

Liv. 45, 22, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 3:

nec medicina ideo non erit ars, quia unctio... cum coquorum ei sit arte communis,

Quint. 2, 21, 11:

atque ideo nondum est perfectus orator, non solum quia aliud in alio magis eminet, sed quod non una omnibus forma placuit,

id. 12, 10, 2; id. 9, 2, 69:

competit enim actio, non ideo, quia nunc abest, sed quia umquam beneficio furis abfuit,

Dig. 47, 2, 47.—

With quoniam: ideo supervacaneum esse contendunt, quoniam comprehensibilis natura est, Cels. praef. med.:

quae omnia ideo noscenda sunt, quoniam, etc.,

id. 2, 19:

immo ideo magis propera, quoniam id nunc aggressus est,

Sen. Ep. 76; Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 200:

hoc ideo adjectum est, quoniam multa genera sunt missionum,

Dig. 3, 2, 2.—

With intentional particles, ut, ne, quo, quin.

With ut:

quas (alvos) ideo videntur medias facere angustissimas, ut figuram imitentur earum,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 15:

ideo C. Claudius Pulcher retulit, ut C. Verres posset auferre?

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7:

hanc ideo rationem subjecimus, ut, etc.,

id. Inv. 2, 23, 70:

neque vero nunc ideo disputabo, quod hunc statum rei publicae non magnopere defendendum putem... sed, ut doceam Rullum, etc.,

id. Agr. 3, 2, 4:

quos non ideo excuso, quia non probem, sed ut sint magis admirabiles,

Quint. 10, 7, 31.—

With ne:

an ideo aliquid contra mulieres scripsit, ne, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 106:

ideoque decemviros conubium diremisse, ne, etc.,

Liv. 4, 6, 2:

non tamen omittenda, vel ideo, ne occupentur,

Quint. 4, 1, 33:

nec ideo Rhenum insedimus, ut Italiam tueremur, sed ne quis alius Ariovistus regno Galliarum potiretur,

Tac. H. 4, 73.—

With quo:

quod id ideo facerent, quo facilius deminuerent hostes,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 90 Müll. —

With quin:

non, quin breviter reddi responsum potuerit, non recipi reges, ideo potius delectos patrum ad eum missos, quam, etc., sed ut, etc.,

Liv. 2, 15, 2.—

Non ( nec) ideo, with conditional particle si, [p. 878] or referring to an abl. absol.: non, si non potuero indagare, eo ero tardior;

sed velocior ideo si quivero,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 5 Müll.; id. R. R. 1, 18, 3:

vestrae sapientiae est, judices, non, si causa justa est viris fortibus oppugnandi M. Caelium, ideo vobis quoque vos causam putare esse justam, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 9, 21;

his et talibus recitatis,... non ideo Thrasea decessit sententia,

Tac. A. 14, 49:

si tamen tempestate fuerit abreptus, non ideo minus erit gubernator,

Quint. 2, 17, 24; 5, 11, 34.—

Absol. (rare):

te velle uxorem aiebat tuo nato dare, Ideo aedificare hoc velle aiebat in tuis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 3, 34: ex illa investigatione naturae consequi volebat, bono ut esset animo. Ideo enim ille summum bonum euthumian appellat, etc., it was for this reason that, etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 87:

ideo conducta Paulus agebat sardonyche,

Juv. 7, 143: nam ideo dictus eirôn, agens imperitum, Quint. 9, 2, 46:

nihil laboras: ideo, cum opus est, nihil habes,

Phaedr. 4, 23, 16; Quint. 5, 10, 2:

atque ideo ad Pompeium contendit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 11, 1:

me nemo ministro fur erit, atque ideo nulli comes exeo,

Juv. 3, 47; 7, 23; 8, 251 al.; so, ideoque, Quint. prooem. § 9; 25; 1, 4, 19; 1, 5, 42; 1, 6, 22 et saep.; cf.:

ideoque et medius ille orationis modus maxime convenit,

id. 6, 2, 19; 7, 4, 13:

videbat id sine rege Persarum non posse fieri, ideoque eum amicum sibi cupiebat adjungi,

Nep. Alc. 9, 5:

ideoque necesse est, etc.,

Lucr. 4, 490; 495; 678 al.; Suet. Caes. 45; 86 al.:

considerandum est, num cui saepius horum aliquid eveniat, neque ideo corporis ulla difficultas subsequatur,

Cels. 2, 2:

nec ideo iram ejus lenient = nec tamen ideo,

Tac. A. 1, 12; Verg. G. 2, 96; Suet. Aug. 45:

non tamen his ulla umquam opsonia fiunt rancidula, aut ideo pejor gallina secatur,

Juv. 11, 135.