communiter

* * *

* * *

* * *

fors, fortis, f. [fero, to bring, whence fortuna, v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 300 sq.], chance, hap, luck, hazard.

Subst.

As an appellative noun (used only in the nom. and abl.; syn.: fortuna, casus, sors): quo saxum impulerit fors, eo cadere Fortunam autumant, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 368 Rib., who regards this verse as spurious); cf.: quibus natura prava magis quam fors aut fortuna obfuit, Att. ap. Non. 425, 13 (Trag. Rel. ed. Rib. v. 110): cui parilem fortuna locum fatumque tulit fors, Lucil. ap. Non. 425, 15; cf.

also: casumque timent quem cuique ferat fors,

Lucr. 3, 983 Lachm. N. cr.:

unum hoc scio: Quod fors feret, feremus aequo animo,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 88:

sed haec, ut fors tulerit,

Cic. Att. 7, 14 fin.:

sed haec fors viderit,

id. ib. 14, 13, 3;

4, 10, 1: quam sibi sortem Seu ratio dederit, seu fors objecerit,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 2:

quia tam incommode illis fors obtulerat adventum meum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 10:

telum quod cuique fors offerebat, arripuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43; Hor. S. 1, 6, 54; 2, 1, 59:

forte quadam divinitus super ripas Tiberis effusus lenibus stagnis,

Liv. 1, 4, 4:

fors fuit, ut, etc.,

it happened that, Gell. 12, 8, 2:

fors fuat pol!

so be it! God grant it! Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4;

post-class.: fors fuat, ut his remediis convalescamus,

Symm. Ep. 2, 7; Aus. Ep. 16: fors fuat, an, etc., it might so happen that; perchance, i. q. forsitan, Symm. Ep. 1, 39; 4, 28 and 29; cf.

also: pretio fors fuat officiove, etc.,

perhaps, Sid. Ep. 9, 7 (but not in Lucr. 1, 486, v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—

Personified, Fors, the goddess of chance:

dea Fors,

Ov. F. 6, 775; also in the connection Fors Fortuna, whose temple was situated on the Tiber, outside of the city: vosne velit an me regnare, era quidve ferat Fors, Virtute experiamur, Enn. ap. Cic. de Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 203 ed. Vahl.); so,

sit sane Fors domina campi,

Cic. Pis. 2, 3:

fors, in quo incerti casus significantur magis (different from Fortuna),

id. Leg. 2, 11 fin. Mos. N. cr.:

sed de illa ambulatione Fors viderit, aut si qui est qui curet deus,

id. Att. 4, 10, 1:

saeva,

Cat. 64, 170:

dies Fortis Fortunae appellatus ab Servio Tullio rege, quod is fanum Fortis Fortunae secundum Tiberim extra urbem Romam dedicavit Junio mense,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 17 Müll.; cf.;

aedis Fortis Fortunae,

Liv. 10, 46, 14; Tac. A. 2, 41:

Fortunae Fortis honores,

Ov. F. 6, 773:

o Fortuna! o Fors Fortuna! quantis commoditatibus hunc onerastis diem!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 1 (quoted by Varr. ap. Non. 425, 19; for Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18, v. II. B. 1. infra).

Adverb., in the nom. and abl.

fors, ellipt., for fors sit, it might happen, i. e. perchance, perhaps, peradventure (only poet. and in post-class. prose):

similiter fors, cum sit nominativus, accipitur pro adverbio,

Prisc. p. 1015 P.:

et fors aequatis cepissent praemia rostris, Ni, etc.,

Verg. A. 5, 232; 6, 535:

cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno,

if perchance, id. ib. 12, 183; Val. Fl. 3, 665; Tert. ad Uxor. 2, 2.—Esp. in the connection fors et, i. q. fortasse etiam, perhaps too:

iste quod est, ego saepe fui, sed fors et in hora Hoc ipso ejecto carior alter erit,

Prop. 2, 9, 1:

et nunc ille quidem spe multum captus inani, Fors et vota facit cumulatque altaria donis,

Verg. A. 11, 50; 2, 139:

fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31; Stat. S. 3, 4, 4.—Less freq.:

fors etiam,

Val. Fl. 4, 620.—

forte, by chance, by accident, casually, accidentally; freq. with casu, temere, fortuna (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortuna putemus? etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

forte fortuna per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 54; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 75: aut forte omnino ac fortuna vincere bello: Si forte et temere omnino, quid cursum ad honorem? Lucil. ap. Non. 425, 16 sq.:

si forte, temere, casu aut pleraque fierent aut omnia, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf.:

nisi ista casu nonnumquam, forte, temere concurrerent,

id. Div. 2, 68, 141:

quam saepe forte temere Eveniunt, quae non audeas optare,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 30; cf. Liv. 41, 2, 7:

nec quicquam raptim aut forte temere egeritis,

id. 23, 3, 3: perpulere, ut forte temere in adversos montes erigeret, 2, 31, 5; 25, 38, 12;

39, 15, 11: quibus forte temere humana negotia volvi persuasum est,

Curt. 5, 11, 10:

captivi quidam pars forte pars consilio oblati,

Liv. 9, 31, 7:

dumque hoc vel forte, vel providentia, vel utcumque constitutum rerum naturae corpus, etc.,

Vell. 2, 66, 5; cf.:

mihi haec et talia audienti in incerto judicium est, fatone res mortalium et necessitate immutabili, an forte volvantur,

Tac. A, 6, 22: [p. 771] si adhuc dubium fuisset, forte casuque rectores terris, an aliquo numine darentur, Plin. Pan. 1, 4:

seu dolo seu forte surrexerit, parum compertum,

Tac. H. 2, 42; cf.:

seu forte seu tentandi causa,

Suet. Aug. 6:

donec advertit Tiberius forte an quia audiverat,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

cum casu diebus iis itineris faciendi causa, Puteolos forte venissem,

Cic. Planc. 26, 65:

cum cenatum forte apud Vitellios esset,

Liv. 2, 4, 5:

ibi cum stipendium forte militibus daretur,

id. 2, 12, 6:

forte aspicio militem,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 58; cf.:

fit forte obviam mihi Phormio,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 11:

rus ut ibat forte,

id. ib. 63:

forte ut assedi in stega,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 44:

lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere,

id. Most. 2, 2, 56:

forte evenit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 51, 141; id. de Or. 2, 55, 224; Liv. 1, 7, 13:

Tarenti ludi forte erant,

Plaut. Men. prol. 29:

erat forte brumae tempus,

Liv. 21, 54, 7:

et pernox forte luna erat,

id. 32, 11, 9:

per eos forte dies consul copias Larisam ducere tribunos militum jussit,

i. e. it came to pass on one of those days, id. 36, 14, 1:

per eosdem forte dies, etc.,

id. 37, 20, 1; 37, 34, 1; cf. Tac. A. 4, 59:

in locum tribuni plebis forte demortui candidatum se ostendit,

Suet. Aug. 10. —So nearly = aliquando (mostly poet. and post - Aug.):

forte per angustam tenuis vulpecula rimam repserat in cumeram frumenti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 29:

ibam forte via sacra,

id. S. 1, 9, 1; Mart. 1, 54, 7:

forte quondam in disponendo mane die praedixerat, etc.,

Suet. Tib. 11; Aur. Vict. de Caes. 17, 5.—

Transf., to denote uncertainty, corresp. to the Gr. an, perhaps, perchance, peradventure.

In conditional and causal sentences.

With si:

irae si quae forte eveniunt hujusmodi,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 60:

si quis vestrum, judices, aut eorum qui assunt, forte miratur, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1:

hicine vir usquam, nisi in patria, morietur? aut, si forte, pro patria?

id. Mil. 38, 104:

si forte est domi,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; cf. id. Poen. 5, 2, 104; Liv. 1, 7, 6:

si forte eos primus aspectus mundi conturbaverat, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 90:

si te Latina forte deficient,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 25:

si qui me forte locus admonuerit,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47:

si quae te forte res aliquando offenderit,

id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

quod si forte ceciderint,

id. Lael. 15, 53:

si quando, si forte, tibi visus es irasci alicui,

id. Rep. 1, 38 Mos. N. cr.; cf. id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—Rarely forte si:

forte si tussire occepsit, ne sic tussiat, ut, etc.,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 49:

ita demum novatio fit... forte si condicio vel sponsor vel dies adiciatur,

Gai. Inst. 3, 177.—Rarely with ellipsis of si:

protinus Aeneas celeri certare sagitta invitat qui forte velint, i. e. si qui forte velint,

Verg. A, 5, 485.—

With nisi ironically:

hoc te monitum, nisi forte ipse non vis, volueram,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 59:

nemo fere saltat sobrius, nisi forte insanit,

Cic. Mur. 6, 13:

propensior benignitas esse debebit in calamitosos, nisi forte erunt digni calamitate,

id. Off. 2, 18, 62; 3, 24, 93: is constantiam teneat;

nisi forte se intellexerit errasse, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 33, 120:

negare hoc, nisi forte negare omnia constituisti, nullo modo potes,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 149: accedam ad omnia tua, Torquate;

nisi memoria forte defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 14, 44.—In indirect locution with an inf.:

nisi forte clarissimo cuique plures curas, majora pericula subeunda, delenimentis curarum et periculorum carendum esse,

Tac. A. 2, 33.— Ironically, unless indeed, unless to be sure:

Erucii criminatio tota, ut arbitror, dissoluta est, nisi forte exspectatis, ut illa diluam, quae, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 82; cf.:

immo vero te audiamus, nisi forte Manilius interdictum aliquod inter duo soles putat esse componendum,

id. Rep. 1, 13:

ortum quidem amicitiae videtis nisi quid ad haec forte vultis,

id. Lael. 9, 32; id. Mil. 7, 17; 31, 84; id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 149; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; id. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Fat. 16, 37; Sall. C. 20, 17; Quint. 10, 1, 70; Tac. H. 4, 74.—

With ne:

ne quid animae forte amittat dormiens,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 24 and 26; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 56:

pacem ab Aesculapio Petas, ne forte tibi eveniat magnum malum,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 21:

qui metuo, ne te forte flagitent,

Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1:

metuens, ne forte deprehensus retraheretur,

Liv. 2, 12, 4:

comperisse me non audeo dicere, ne forte id ipsum verbum ponam, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 4: ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur, hominem toties irasci, id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; id. Att. 2, 18, 2.—Rarely with ut non instead of ne, Quint. 1, 3, 1.—

In relat. clauses (very rare):

nisi si quispiamst Amphitruo alius, qui forte te hic absente tamen tuam rem curet,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 195:

unus in hoc non est populo, qui forte Latine reddere verba queat,

Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 53:

nam qui forte Stichum et Erotem emerit, recte videtur ita demonstrare,

Gai. Inst. 4, 59; Aur. Vict. Caes. 10, 3; 39, 45.—

In gen. (rare; not in Cic., for in Off. 2, 20, 70, the true read. is: in uno illo aut, si forte, in liberis ejus manet gratia, B. and K.;

and in the corrupt passage,

id. Att. 10, 12, 5; Orelli reads: fortiter ac tempestive;

Kayser, fortiter vel cum tempestate): quid si apud te veniat de subito prandium aut potatio Forte, aut cena,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 47:

neque solum alium pro alio pedem metrorum ratio non recipit, sed ne dactylum quidem aut forte spondeum alterum pro altero,

Quint. 9, 4, 49:

sive non trino forte nundino promulgata, sive non idoneo die, etc.,

id. 2, 4, 35:

ut sciant, an ad probandum id quod intendimus forte respondeant,

id. 5, 10, 122; cf. id. 7, 3, 20: quo casu licet uxori vel in omnes res, vel in unam forte aut duas (optare), Gai Inst. 1, 150; 4, 74:

forte quid expediat, communiter aut melior pars Malis carere quaeritis laboribus,

what may perhaps be of some use, Hor. Epod. 16, 15:

alii nulli rem obligatam esse quam forte Lucio Titio,

than for instance, Dig. 20, 1, 15, § 2; 30, 1, 67; 48, 22, 7, § 6; Gai. Inst. 3, 179.

fors, fortis, f. [fero, to bring, whence fortuna, v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 300 sq.], chance, hap, luck, hazard.

Subst.

As an appellative noun (used only in the nom. and abl.; syn.: fortuna, casus, sors): quo saxum impulerit fors, eo cadere Fortunam autumant, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 368 Rib., who regards this verse as spurious); cf.: quibus natura prava magis quam fors aut fortuna obfuit, Att. ap. Non. 425, 13 (Trag. Rel. ed. Rib. v. 110): cui parilem fortuna locum fatumque tulit fors, Lucil. ap. Non. 425, 15; cf.

also: casumque timent quem cuique ferat fors,

Lucr. 3, 983 Lachm. N. cr.:

unum hoc scio: Quod fors feret, feremus aequo animo,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 88:

sed haec, ut fors tulerit,

Cic. Att. 7, 14 fin.:

sed haec fors viderit,

id. ib. 14, 13, 3;

4, 10, 1: quam sibi sortem Seu ratio dederit, seu fors objecerit,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 2:

quia tam incommode illis fors obtulerat adventum meum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 10:

telum quod cuique fors offerebat, arripuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43; Hor. S. 1, 6, 54; 2, 1, 59:

forte quadam divinitus super ripas Tiberis effusus lenibus stagnis,

Liv. 1, 4, 4:

fors fuit, ut, etc.,

it happened that, Gell. 12, 8, 2:

fors fuat pol!

so be it! God grant it! Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 4;

post-class.: fors fuat, ut his remediis convalescamus,

Symm. Ep. 2, 7; Aus. Ep. 16: fors fuat, an, etc., it might so happen that; perchance, i. q. forsitan, Symm. Ep. 1, 39; 4, 28 and 29; cf.

also: pretio fors fuat officiove, etc.,

perhaps, Sid. Ep. 9, 7 (but not in Lucr. 1, 486, v. Lachm. ad h. l.).—

Personified, Fors, the goddess of chance:

dea Fors,

Ov. F. 6, 775; also in the connection Fors Fortuna, whose temple was situated on the Tiber, outside of the city: vosne velit an me regnare, era quidve ferat Fors, Virtute experiamur, Enn. ap. Cic. de Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 203 ed. Vahl.); so,

sit sane Fors domina campi,

Cic. Pis. 2, 3:

fors, in quo incerti casus significantur magis (different from Fortuna),

id. Leg. 2, 11 fin. Mos. N. cr.:

sed de illa ambulatione Fors viderit, aut si qui est qui curet deus,

id. Att. 4, 10, 1:

saeva,

Cat. 64, 170:

dies Fortis Fortunae appellatus ab Servio Tullio rege, quod is fanum Fortis Fortunae secundum Tiberim extra urbem Romam dedicavit Junio mense,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 17 Müll.; cf.;

aedis Fortis Fortunae,

Liv. 10, 46, 14; Tac. A. 2, 41:

Fortunae Fortis honores,

Ov. F. 6, 773:

o Fortuna! o Fors Fortuna! quantis commoditatibus hunc onerastis diem!

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 1 (quoted by Varr. ap. Non. 425, 19; for Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18, v. II. B. 1. infra).

Adverb., in the nom. and abl.

fors, ellipt., for fors sit, it might happen, i. e. perchance, perhaps, peradventure (only poet. and in post-class. prose):

similiter fors, cum sit nominativus, accipitur pro adverbio,

Prisc. p. 1015 P.:

et fors aequatis cepissent praemia rostris, Ni, etc.,

Verg. A. 5, 232; 6, 535:

cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno,

if perchance, id. ib. 12, 183; Val. Fl. 3, 665; Tert. ad Uxor. 2, 2.—Esp. in the connection fors et, i. q. fortasse etiam, perhaps too:

iste quod est, ego saepe fui, sed fors et in hora Hoc ipso ejecto carior alter erit,

Prop. 2, 9, 1:

et nunc ille quidem spe multum captus inani, Fors et vota facit cumulatque altaria donis,

Verg. A. 11, 50; 2, 139:

fors et Debita jura vicesque superbae Te maneant ipsum,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31; Stat. S. 3, 4, 4.—Less freq.:

fors etiam,

Val. Fl. 4, 620.—

forte, by chance, by accident, casually, accidentally; freq. with casu, temere, fortuna (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

quid est tandem, quod casu fieri aut forte fortuna putemus? etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18:

forte fortuna per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 54; Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 75: aut forte omnino ac fortuna vincere bello: Si forte et temere omnino, quid cursum ad honorem? Lucil. ap. Non. 425, 16 sq.:

si forte, temere, casu aut pleraque fierent aut omnia, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf.:

nisi ista casu nonnumquam, forte, temere concurrerent,

id. Div. 2, 68, 141:

quam saepe forte temere Eveniunt, quae non audeas optare,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 30; cf. Liv. 41, 2, 7:

nec quicquam raptim aut forte temere egeritis,

id. 23, 3, 3: perpulere, ut forte temere in adversos montes erigeret, 2, 31, 5; 25, 38, 12;

39, 15, 11: quibus forte temere humana negotia volvi persuasum est,

Curt. 5, 11, 10:

captivi quidam pars forte pars consilio oblati,

Liv. 9, 31, 7:

dumque hoc vel forte, vel providentia, vel utcumque constitutum rerum naturae corpus, etc.,

Vell. 2, 66, 5; cf.:

mihi haec et talia audienti in incerto judicium est, fatone res mortalium et necessitate immutabili, an forte volvantur,

Tac. A, 6, 22: [p. 771] si adhuc dubium fuisset, forte casuque rectores terris, an aliquo numine darentur, Plin. Pan. 1, 4:

seu dolo seu forte surrexerit, parum compertum,

Tac. H. 2, 42; cf.:

seu forte seu tentandi causa,

Suet. Aug. 6:

donec advertit Tiberius forte an quia audiverat,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

cum casu diebus iis itineris faciendi causa, Puteolos forte venissem,

Cic. Planc. 26, 65:

cum cenatum forte apud Vitellios esset,

Liv. 2, 4, 5:

ibi cum stipendium forte militibus daretur,

id. 2, 12, 6:

forte aspicio militem,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 58; cf.:

fit forte obviam mihi Phormio,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 11:

rus ut ibat forte,

id. ib. 63:

forte ut assedi in stega,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 44:

lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere,

id. Most. 2, 2, 56:

forte evenit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 51, 141; id. de Or. 2, 55, 224; Liv. 1, 7, 13:

Tarenti ludi forte erant,

Plaut. Men. prol. 29:

erat forte brumae tempus,

Liv. 21, 54, 7:

et pernox forte luna erat,

id. 32, 11, 9:

per eos forte dies consul copias Larisam ducere tribunos militum jussit,

i. e. it came to pass on one of those days, id. 36, 14, 1:

per eosdem forte dies, etc.,

id. 37, 20, 1; 37, 34, 1; cf. Tac. A. 4, 59:

in locum tribuni plebis forte demortui candidatum se ostendit,

Suet. Aug. 10. —So nearly = aliquando (mostly poet. and post - Aug.):

forte per angustam tenuis vulpecula rimam repserat in cumeram frumenti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 29:

ibam forte via sacra,

id. S. 1, 9, 1; Mart. 1, 54, 7:

forte quondam in disponendo mane die praedixerat, etc.,

Suet. Tib. 11; Aur. Vict. de Caes. 17, 5.—

Transf., to denote uncertainty, corresp. to the Gr. an, perhaps, perchance, peradventure.

In conditional and causal sentences.

With si:

irae si quae forte eveniunt hujusmodi,

Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 60:

si quis vestrum, judices, aut eorum qui assunt, forte miratur, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1, 1:

hicine vir usquam, nisi in patria, morietur? aut, si forte, pro patria?

id. Mil. 38, 104:

si forte est domi,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 5, 4; cf. id. Poen. 5, 2, 104; Liv. 1, 7, 6:

si forte eos primus aspectus mundi conturbaverat, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 35, 90:

si te Latina forte deficient,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 25:

si qui me forte locus admonuerit,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47:

si quae te forte res aliquando offenderit,

id. Fam. 7, 17, 2:

quod si forte ceciderint,

id. Lael. 15, 53:

si quando, si forte, tibi visus es irasci alicui,

id. Rep. 1, 38 Mos. N. cr.; cf. id. de Or. 3, 12, 47.—Rarely forte si:

forte si tussire occepsit, ne sic tussiat, ut, etc.,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 49:

ita demum novatio fit... forte si condicio vel sponsor vel dies adiciatur,

Gai. Inst. 3, 177.—Rarely with ellipsis of si:

protinus Aeneas celeri certare sagitta invitat qui forte velint, i. e. si qui forte velint,

Verg. A, 5, 485.—

With nisi ironically:

hoc te monitum, nisi forte ipse non vis, volueram,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 59:

nemo fere saltat sobrius, nisi forte insanit,

Cic. Mur. 6, 13:

propensior benignitas esse debebit in calamitosos, nisi forte erunt digni calamitate,

id. Off. 2, 18, 62; 3, 24, 93: is constantiam teneat;

nisi forte se intellexerit errasse, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 33, 120:

negare hoc, nisi forte negare omnia constituisti, nullo modo potes,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 149: accedam ad omnia tua, Torquate;

nisi memoria forte defecerit,

id. Fin. 2, 14, 44.—In indirect locution with an inf.:

nisi forte clarissimo cuique plures curas, majora pericula subeunda, delenimentis curarum et periculorum carendum esse,

Tac. A. 2, 33.— Ironically, unless indeed, unless to be sure:

Erucii criminatio tota, ut arbitror, dissoluta est, nisi forte exspectatis, ut illa diluam, quae, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 82; cf.:

immo vero te audiamus, nisi forte Manilius interdictum aliquod inter duo soles putat esse componendum,

id. Rep. 1, 13:

ortum quidem amicitiae videtis nisi quid ad haec forte vultis,

id. Lael. 9, 32; id. Mil. 7, 17; 31, 84; id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 149; id. Leg. 1, 1, 2; id. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Fat. 16, 37; Sall. C. 20, 17; Quint. 10, 1, 70; Tac. H. 4, 74.—

With ne:

ne quid animae forte amittat dormiens,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 24 and 26; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 56:

pacem ab Aesculapio Petas, ne forte tibi eveniat magnum malum,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 21:

qui metuo, ne te forte flagitent,

Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1:

metuens, ne forte deprehensus retraheretur,

Liv. 2, 12, 4:

comperisse me non audeo dicere, ne forte id ipsum verbum ponam, quod, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 2; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 4: ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur, hominem toties irasci, id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; id. Att. 2, 18, 2.—Rarely with ut non instead of ne, Quint. 1, 3, 1.—

In relat. clauses (very rare):

nisi si quispiamst Amphitruo alius, qui forte te hic absente tamen tuam rem curet,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 195:

unus in hoc non est populo, qui forte Latine reddere verba queat,

Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 53:

nam qui forte Stichum et Erotem emerit, recte videtur ita demonstrare,

Gai. Inst. 4, 59; Aur. Vict. Caes. 10, 3; 39, 45.—

In gen. (rare; not in Cic., for in Off. 2, 20, 70, the true read. is: in uno illo aut, si forte, in liberis ejus manet gratia, B. and K.;

and in the corrupt passage,

id. Att. 10, 12, 5; Orelli reads: fortiter ac tempestive;

Kayser, fortiter vel cum tempestate): quid si apud te veniat de subito prandium aut potatio Forte, aut cena,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 47:

neque solum alium pro alio pedem metrorum ratio non recipit, sed ne dactylum quidem aut forte spondeum alterum pro altero,

Quint. 9, 4, 49:

sive non trino forte nundino promulgata, sive non idoneo die, etc.,

id. 2, 4, 35:

ut sciant, an ad probandum id quod intendimus forte respondeant,

id. 5, 10, 122; cf. id. 7, 3, 20: quo casu licet uxori vel in omnes res, vel in unam forte aut duas (optare), Gai Inst. 1, 150; 4, 74:

forte quid expediat, communiter aut melior pars Malis carere quaeritis laboribus,

what may perhaps be of some use, Hor. Epod. 16, 15:

alii nulli rem obligatam esse quam forte Lucio Titio,

than for instance, Dig. 20, 1, 15, § 2; 30, 1, 67; 48, 22, 7, § 6; Gai. Inst. 3, 179.

fungor, functus, fungi, v. dep. [kindred to Sanscr. bhuj-, frui], to busy one's self with or be engaged in something; to perform, execute, administer, discharge, observe, do (syn.: administro, defungor); constr. with abl., rarely with acc. or absol.

In gen.

With abl.:

valetudo (opportuna est), ut dolore careas et muneribus fungare corporis,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22; cf.:

populari munere,

id. Rep. 3, 35:

virtutis perfectae perfecto munere,

id. Tusc. 1, 45, 109; so,

munere,

id. Rep. 1, 7; 5, 2; id. Off. 2, 16, 57; 2, 20, 70; id. Brut. 16, 63; id. Leg. 1, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 7, 25, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5 al.; cf.:

magnificentissimā aedilitate,

Cic. Off. 2, 16, 57:

consulatu,

Suet. Caes. 23; id. Galb. 3:

praeturā,

id. Tib. 4; id. Claud. 24; 38; id. Gram. 7:

quaesturā,

id. Aug. 36:

magisterio,

id. Dom. 4:

potius barbarorum quam illius more,

to observe, Nep. Con. 3, 4:

funguntur officio,

perform, Cic. Cael. 9, 21:

officio rhetoris,

Quint. 2, 1, 6; Suet. Claud. 29; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 109: cum suam vicem functus officio sit, had filled his own place as husband, Liv. 1, 9, 15:

legationibus,

Quint. 3, 2, 4:

militiā,

Suet. Gram. 9:

oppugnationibus et acie feliciter,

Vell. 2, 95, 2: sacris, Hor. A. P. 224:

laboribus,

id. C. 2, 18, 38; cf.

periculis,

Just. 7, 4:

dapibus,

to have done with the food, Ov. F. 2, 791:

caede,

to murder, id. H. 14, 19:

morte,

to die, id. M. 11, 583; Vell. 2, 49, 1;

for which also: fato,

Ov. M. 11, 559; Quint. 3, 7, 10; Suet. Calig. 6; Val. Max. 1, 8, 5 ext.:

vitā,

Gell. 20, 2, 3; Lact. 2, 1, 1; Dig. 48, 5, 11 fin.; 49, 17, 14:

voto,

to pay a vow, Just. 9, 2:

fungar vice cotis,

to serve instead of, Hor. A. P. 304:

indicis partibus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 2:

ter aevo functus senex (Nestor),

who had lived through, enjoyed, Hor. C. 2, 9, 13; cf.:

functo longissima statione mortali,

Vell. 2, 131, 2:

virtute functi duces,

who have shown, exhibited, Hor. C. 4, 15, 29; cf.:

omni virtute functa (femina),

Quint. 6 praef. §

5.—Of things: possunt aliquando oculi non fungi suo munere,

Cic. Div. 1, 32, 71:

aliquae (vocales) officio consonantium fungantur,

Quint. 1, 4, 10:

levissima quaeque (quaestio) primo loco fungitur,

id. 3, 6, 8 Spald. N. cr.:

res eadem perorationis vice fungitur,

id. 4, 3, 11; cf. id. 4, 1, 75.—

With acc. (so always in Plaut. and Ter. except officiis, Ter. Ad. 4, 3, 12; but in class. prose only once in Nep.; v. infra): ingentia munera fungi, Lucil. ap. Non. 497, 12:

munus,

id. ib. 10; Plaut. Men. 1, 4, 5; id. Trin. prol. 1; 2, 2, 73:

militare munus fungens,

Nep. Dat. 1, 2 al.: officium, Pac. ap. Non. 497, 16 (Trag. Rel. v. 129 Rib.); Titin. ib. 6 (Com. Rel. v 48 ib.); Turp. ib. 13; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 14; 3, 3, 19; id. Ad. 3, 4, 18; id. Phorm. 2, 1, 51:

sine me alliatum fungi fortunas meas,

Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 45:

Mago diem fungitur relictis duobus filiis,

i. e. dies, Just. 19, 1, 1:

mala multa animus contagibu' fungitur ejus,

i. e. suffers, Lucr. 3, 734.—

In gerundive, as v.a.:

muneris fungendi gratia,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17; cf. Hirt. B. G. 8, 12, 3; Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2:

ad suum munus fungendum,

id. Tusc. 3, 7, 15:

per speciem alienae fungendae vicis,

Liv. 1, 41, 6:

spes facta militiae fungendae potioribus ducibus,

id. 24, 21, 3.—

Absol. (very rare):

at facere et fungi sine corpore nulla potest res,

i. e. to suffer, Lucr. 1, 443 sq.;

so 3, 168: pro fultura et substructione fungentur fundamenta,

will serve, Col. 1, 5, 9: nec livida tabes Invidiae functis quamquam et jam lumine cassis Defuit, i. e. to the dead, =defunctis, Stat. Th. 2, 15; cf.:

omnia functa Aut moritura vides,

id. S. 2, 1, 209; id. Th. 4, 483; 511; Albin. 1,393; Aus. Ep.33.

In partic., to perform, discharge, contribute, pay any thing due from one:

hoc vobis est statuendum, quid aratorem ipsum arationis nomine muneris in re publica fungi ac sustinere velitis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 86, § 199:

per omnes annos atque omnia bella duplici numero se militum equitumque fungi,

Vell. 2, 15, 3:

cum eo sumptu res publica fungatur,

Tac. A. 14, 21:

qui fenus exercent, omnibus patrimonii intributionibus fungi debent, etsi possessionem non habeant,

Dig. 50, 1, 22 fin.

signif. (post-class. and very rare):

pretia rerum non ex affectione, nec utilitate singulorum, sed communiter fungi,

are not taken, Dig. 9, 2, 33:

dos, quae semel functa est, amplius fungi non potest,

Ulp. Fragm. 6, 11.

gĕnĕrālis, e, adj. [genus].

Of or belonging to a kind or species, generic (very rare): variae volucres ut in ordine cunctae Ostendant maculas generales corpore inesse, etc., of their species, Lucr. 1, 590:

cum qualis sit res, quaeritur, quia et de vi et de genere negotii controversia est, constitutio generalis vocatur,

Cic. Inv. 1, 8, 10. —

Of or relating to all, general (opp. singuli and specialis; cf. universalis;

freq. only since the Aug. per.): et generale quoddam decorum intelligimus, quod in omni honestate versatur, et aliud huic subjectum, quod pertinet ad singulas partes honestatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 27, 96:

causae, opp. singulae lites,

Quint. 7, 1, 64; Sen. Ep. 58 med.:

cum sit omnis generalis quaestio speciali potentior,

Quint. 12, 2, 18; cf.:

illud generale, hoc speciale,

id. 5, 10, 44:

tractatus, opp. specialis,

id. 5, 7, 35; cf.:

ab generali tractatu ad quasdam deduci species,

id. 2, 4, 22:

de re et generales quaestiones sunt et definitae,

id. 7, 2, 1:

definitio,

Dig. 28, 5, 4:

pactum,

ib. 2, 14, 40: lex est generale jussum populi aut plebis, rogante magistratu, At. Cap. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 2.—Hence, adv.: gĕnĕrālĭter (acc. to II.), in general, generally (mostly post-Aug.; cf.:

generatim, communiter): tempus est, id quo nunc utimur (nam ipsum quidem generaliter definire difficile est), pars quaedam aeternitatis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 39:

quaedam adnotasse, sed generaliter (opp. particulas etiam persequi),

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 3:

tempus generaliter et specialiter accipitur, etc.,

Quint. 5, 10, 42 sq.;

so opp. specialiter,

id. 5, 7, 4; 5, 11, 1;

opp. proprie,

id. 3, 7, 7:

legare,

Gai. Inst. 2, 238:

stipulari,

id. ib. 4, 53:

universi,

Vulg. Jer. 25, 20.

gens, gentis, f. [root GEN, gigno, that which belongs together by birth or descent], a race or clan, embracing several families united together by a common name and by certain religious rites; orig. only patrician, but, after the granting of the connubium between patricians and plebeians, also plebeian (syn.: familia, stirps, genus; natio, populus).

Lit.:

Sulla gentis patriciae (sc. Corneliae) nobilis fuit, familia prope jam exstincta majorum ignaviā,

Sall. J. 95, 3:

vera decora, non communiter modo Corneliae gentis, sed proprie familiae suae,

Liv. 38, 58, 3:

L. Tarquitius patriciae gentis,

id. 3, 27, 1:

apud P. Sestium patriciae gentis virum,

id. 3, 33, 9; 6, 11, 2:

cum Marcelli ab liberti filio stirpe, Claudii patricii ejusdem hominis hereditatem, gente ad se rediisse dicerent,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 176:

gens Tarquiniorum,

id. Rep. 2, 25 fin.:

Julia,

Liv. 1, 3, 2: L. Tarquinius duplicavit illum pristinum patrum numerum, et antiquos patres majorum gentium appellavit, quos priores sententiam rogabat;

a se ascitos minorum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20 Mos.; cf. Liv. 1, 35, 6:

ex gente Domitia duae familiae claruerunt, Calvinorum et Aenobarborum,

Suet. Ner. 1; cf. Liv. 2, 29, 4:

patricii minorum gentium,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2; Liv. 1, 47, 7; Capitol. ap. Gell. 10, 20, 5:

anni principio de connubio patrum et plebis C. Canuleius tribunus plebis rogationem promulgavit, qua contaminari sanguinem suum patres confundique jura gentium rebantur,

Liv. 4, 1, 1; cf. id. 4, 2, 5; 10, 8, 9: uti Feceniae Hispalae gentis enuptio, tutoris optio esset, etc., the right of marrying out of her gens, id. 39, 19, 5:

perjurus, sine gente,

i. e. of no family, of vulgar birth, Hor. S. 2, 5, 15; cf. respecting the Roman gens, Dict. of Antiq.

Transf.

In a manner borrowed from the division of the senators into majorum and minorum gentium (v. above): ipsi illi majorum gentium dii qui habentur, hinc a nobis profecti in caelum reperientur, the superior deities (the consentes), Cic. Tusc. 1, 13, 29:

Cleanthes, qui quasi majorum est gentium Stoicus,

id. Ac. 2, 41, 126.—

Poet., like genus and stirps, of a single descendant, offspring of an entire race:

vigilasne, deūm gens, Aenea?

Verg. A. 10, 228 (for which:

Dis genite,

id. ib. 9, 642):

Tirynthia gens est (i. e. Fabius),

Sil. 7, 35:

extrema viri,

the last descendant, id. 2, 185.—

In a contemptuous sense, like our tribe, brood, crew:

si illo die gens ista Clodiana, quod facere voluit, effecisset,

Cic. Sest. 38, 81; so,

Clodia,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 13, 1.—

In the widest sense = genus, the race; gens humana, the human race, Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 65; Hor. C. 1, 3, 26.—

Of beasts, etc., a race, herd, brood, swarm ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

intestino bello totae gentes consumuntur,

Col. 9, 9, 6:

quos (equos) in spem statues summittere gentis,

of the race, breed, Verg. G. 3, 73:

utque luat poenas gens haec (i. e. vulpes),

breed, race, Ov. F. 4, 711.—

In a more extended sense (as also genos), a race, nation, people (sometimes more restricted than natio and populus, and sometimes put for them; v. in the foll., and cf. Drak. Liv. 23, 42, 1;

freq. and class.): Qui gentis omnis mariaque et terras movet,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 1: cf.:

nos per gentis disparat,

id. ib. v. 10:

gradus plures sunt societatis hominum. Ut enim ab illa infinita discedatur, propior est ejusdem gentis, nationis, linguae, qua maxime homines conjunguntur: interius etiam est ejusdem esse civitatis,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 53; cf.:

(Deus) non curat singulos homines... ne civitates quidem... ne nationes quidem et gentes,

id. N. D. 3, 39, 93:

ita nationis nomen, non gentis evaluisse paulatim,

Tac. G. 2:

Suebi, quorum non una gens...propriis adhuc nationibus nominibusque discreti,

id. ib. 38:

atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus ejus gentis nationibus in arma accensis,

Vell. 2, 98:

omnes exterae gentes ac nationes,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11, 31; cf.:

per omnes gentes nationesque,

Quint. 11, 3, 87;

for which, in an inverted order: exterae nationes ac gentes,

Cic. Font. 11, 25:

aut gentes aut populos,

Quint. 11, 1, 86: inter multas regum gentiumque [p. 809] et populorum legationes, Liv. 45, 19, 1; 45, 22, 8; cf.

in an inverse order: populi et gentes,

Quint. 12, 2, 3:

postquam bello subegit Aequorum magnam gentem et ferocem,

Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

Sabina aut Volsca,

id. ib. 3, 4:

Transalpinae,

id. ib. 3, 9:

Allobrogum,

id. Cat. 4, 6, 12:

Nerviorum,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28, 1:

Germanorum,

id. ib. 6, 32 init.:

Suevorum longe maxima Germanorum omnium,

id. ib. 4, 1, 3;

so of the Etruscan nation,

Liv. 5, 1, 6;

and in a wider sense than populus: non ex iisdem semper populis exercitus scriptos, quamquam eadem semper gens bellum intulerit,

id. 6, 12, 4; 40, 15, 6; 2, 50, 2.—Also for civitas, the inhabitants of a city or town:

Caesar Gomphos pervenit, quod est oppidum primum Thessaliae venientibus ab Epiro, quae gens ultro ad Caesarem legatos miserat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 80, 1:

atqui ad hoc, de quo agitur, non quaerimus gentem, ingenia quaerimus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 37 fin.; cf.:

gladio pugnacissima gens Romani,

Quint. 9, 3, 8; Liv. 5, 48, 3:

Segni Condrusique, ex gente et numero Germanorum,

Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1:

in illa incorrupta maxime gente Aegyptiorum,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9, 14:

nos plurimis ignotissimi gentibus,

id. ib. 1, 17, 26:

jus gentium,

id. ib. 1, 2, 2; cf.:

quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id... vocatur jus gentium quasi quo jure omnes gentes utuntur,

Gai. Inst. 1, 1.—

In partic.

As a partit. gen., gentium, like terrarum, for the sake of emphasis, in the world, on earth (freq. and class.):

ubicumque terrarum et gentium violatum jus civium Romanorum sit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

quod ubique gentium est,

id. Rep. 2, 4:

ubinam gentium sumus,

where in the world? id. Cat. 1, 4, 9:

ubi ubi est gentium?

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 21:

obsecro, unde haec gentium?

id. Cist. 4, 1, 16:

ubi tu's gentium,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 11:

quaerit quod nusquamst gentium,

id. Ps. 1, 4, 9:

non hercle quo hinc nunc gentium aufugiam scio,

id. Rud. 3, 5, 44:

ubivis gentium agere aetatem quam, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 4:

an quisquam usquam gentium est aeque miser?

id. ib. 13:

equidem te nisi nunc hodie nusquam vidi gentium,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 54:

fratrem nusquam invenio gentium,

Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 1:

abeat multo malo quovis gentium, Quam hic, etc.,

id. Heaut. 5, 1, 55:

res est in manibus: tu autem abes longe gentium,

Cic. Att. 6, 3, 1: nostri turannoktonoi longe gentium absunt, id. Fam. 12, 22, 2:

ah! minime gentium, non faciam,

by no means, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 44; so,

minime gentium,

id. Eun. 4, 1, 11; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 44.—

Gentes, opp. to the Romans, foreign nations, foreigners (post-Aug. and rare):

maneat, quaeso, duretque gentibus si non amor nostri at certe odium sui,

Tac. G. 33; Auct. B. Hisp. 17 fin. —

In the eccl. fathers, gentes, like ethnos, opp. to Jews and Christians, pagan nations, heathen, gentiles, Lact. 2, 13 fin.; Vulg. Psa. 2, 1 et saep.— Hence the title of Arnobius's work, Adversus Gentes.—

Transf., a region, country (very rare):

ut Aspim aggrederetur, qui Cataoniam tenebat: quae gens jacet supra Ciliciam,

Nep. Dat. 4:

gentes viduatas esse suis cultoribus et desolatas,

Arn. 1, 4.

indĭcĭum, ĭi, n. [id.], a notice, information, discovery, disclosure, charge (class.).

Lit.:

facite indicium, si quis vidit,

Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 9:

id anus mihi indicium fecit,

Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 7; cf. Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 57; id. Mil. 2, 3, 35; Sen. Contr. 4, 26, 6:

conjurationis,

Cic. Div. 2, 20, 46:

rei alicujus afferre ad aliquem, Auct. Or. pro Dom. 52: deferre ad aliquem,

Tac. A. 2, 28:

ea res est Helvetiis per indicium enuntiata,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

convictus indicio alicujus,

Sall. C. 52, 36: profiteri, to volunteer evidence (before a court, and esp. to escape punishment by turning state's evidence): sed ipse deprehensus, multis hortantibus, indicium profitetur, Sall. J. 35, 6; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 9; so,

offerre,

Tac. A. 11, 35.—

Transf.

A permission to give evidence or turn informer against one's accomplices:

Vettius reus, cum esset damnatus, erat indicium postulaturus,

Cic. Att. 2, 24, 4:

tibi indicium postulas dari,

id. Div. in Caecil. 11, 34. —

A reward for giving evidence or informing:

conscripserunt communiter edictum cum poena atque indicio,

Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80; id. Vat. 11, 25; Petr. 97:

alicui indicium dare,

Dig. 12, 5, 4.—

In gen., a sign, indication, mark, token, proof: signum vocatur sêmeion, quamquam id quidam indicium, quidam vestigium nominaverunt, per quod alia res intellegitur, ut per sanguinem caedes, Quint. 5, 9, 9; 5, 7, 36:

indicia et vestigia veneni,

Cic. Clu. 10, 30:

indicia atque argumenta certissima sceleris,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 13:

scelerum ostendere, Auct. Har. Resp. 12: parricidiorum,

Cic. Sull. 27, 17:

animi, Auct. Cic. ap. Senat. 4: insigne meae erga te benevolentiae,

Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1:

res indicium haec facit, quo pacto, etc.,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 31:

dare, i. q. ostendere,

Varr. L. L. 9, § 19 Müll.:

edere, the same,

Lucr. 2, 556: indicio esse, to serve as proof, be a proof:

de se ipse erit,

Ter. Ad. prol. 4:

ei rei indicio sunt sexdecim volumina epistu larum,

Nep. Att. 16: quae domus erat ipsa indicio tui crudelissimi dominatus, Auct. Dom. 42.—With rel.-clause:

mihi, quale ingenium haberes, indicio fuit oratio,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 4:

quam vere de eo foret indicatum, oratio indicio fuit,

Nep. Lys. 3: postquam indicium est factum, dempto auro, etc., after applying the touchstone (index), Vitr. 9, 3.

Pănĭōnĭus, a, um, adj., = Paniônios, of or belonging to all Ionia, sacred to all Ionia, Panionian:

regio omnibus Ionibus sacra et ideo Panionia appellata,

Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 113:

Apollo,

Vitr. 4, 1.—

Subst.: Pănĭōnĭum, ii. n., i. q. regio Panionia:

ibi est Panionium, sacra regio, et ob id eo nomine appellata, quod eam communiter Iones colunt,

Mel. 1, 17, 2.

Pănĭōnĭus, a, um, adj., = Paniônios, of or belonging to all Ionia, sacred to all Ionia, Panionian:

regio omnibus Ionibus sacra et ideo Panionia appellata,

Plin. 5, 29, 31, § 113:

Apollo,

Vitr. 4, 1.—

Subst.: Pănĭōnĭum, ii. n., i. q. regio Panionia:

ibi est Panionium, sacra regio, et ob id eo nomine appellata, quod eam communiter Iones colunt,

Mel. 1, 17, 2.

prō̆prĭus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; perhaps from root prae; cf. prope], not common with others, one's own, special, particular, proper (class.; cf.: peculiaris, privatus).

In gen., opp. communis: nam virtutem propriam mortalibus fecit: cetera promiscue voluit communia habere, Varr. ap. Non. 361, 25:

proprium et peculiare,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 93:

tria praedia Capitoni propria traduntur,

to him for his own, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 21:

proprio sumptu edere ludos,

Tac. A. 1, 15:

propriā pecuniā militem juvare,

id. ib. 1, 71:

basilicam propriā pecuniā firmare,

id. ib. 3, 72 init.; id. H. 2, 84:

propria impensa,

Just. 12, 11, 1:

propriis viribus,

Liv. 2, 53:

familia,

id. 7, 9:

libri, Hor S. 1, 10, 64: horreum,

id. C. 1, 1, 9:

proprio Marte,

by his own bravery, Ov. P. 4, 7, 14.—With pron. poss. (class. and freq.):

ut cum ademerit nobis omnia, quae nostra erant propria, ne lucem quoque hanc, quae communis est, eripere cupiat,

all that belonged peculiarly to us, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 150:

suā quādam propriā, non communi oratorum facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 44: ut redeas ad consuetudinem vel nostram communem vel tuam solius et propriam, Luc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 3:

omnia qui jubet esse communia, ne quis civis propriam aut suam rem ullam queat dicere,

Cic. Rep 4, 5, 5; id. ap. Non. p. 362:

suis propriis periculis parere commune reliquis otium,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

quod (periculum) autem meum erat proprium,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 7; id. Sest. 7, 15;

calamitatem aut propriam suam aut temporum queri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20.—

Opp. alienus, etc., one's own, peculiar, special, characteristic, personal:

tempus agendi fuit mihi magis proprium quam ceteris,

Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

reliquae partes quales propriae sunt hominis,

id. Fin. 5, 12, 35:

id non proprium senectutis est vitium, sed commune valetudinis,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

libertatem propriam Romani generis,

id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:

proprium id Tiberio fuit,

Tac. A. 4, 19:

ira,

personal resentment, id. ib. 2, 55.—As subst.: prō̆prĭum, i, n.

Lit., a possession, property:

id est cujusque proprium, quo quisque fruitur atque utitur,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 2:

vivere de proprio,

Mart. 12, 78, 2.—

Trop., a characteristic mark, a sign, characteristic, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2; 2, 5, 17; Caes. B. G. 6, 23.—

In partic., peculiar, extraordinary: nisi mihi fortuna proprium consilium extorsisset, Sent. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 35, 1:

superbo decreto addidit propriam ignominiam,

Liv. 35, 33.—

Lasting, constant, permanent, perpetual (class.):

illum amatorem tibi proprium futurum in vitā,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 67; Att. ap. Non. 362, 5:

nihil in vitā proprium mortali datum esse,

Lucil. ib. 362, 15:

alicui proprium atque perpetuum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 48:

perenne ac proprium manere,

id. Red. in Sen. 4, 9:

parva munera diutina, locupletia non propria esse consueverunt,

Nep. Thras. 4, 2; Hor. S. 2, 6, 5; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 172:

deferens uni propriam laurum,

id. C. 2, 2, 22; Verg. A. 6, 871:

victoriam propriam se eis daturam,

lasting, Hirt. B. Afr. 32.— Comp., Ov. M. 12, 284; id. P. 1, 2, 152; Liv. 4, 27, 3. —Hence, adv.: proprĭē.

Specially, peculiarly, properly, strictly for one's self (opp. communiter;

class.): quod me amas, est tibi commune cum multis: quod tu ipse tam amandus es, id est proprie tuum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 1:

promiscue toto (Campo Martio), quam proprie parvā parte frui malletis,

for yourselves, individually, separately, id. Agr. 2, 31, 85.—

In partic.

Particularly, in particular:

neque publice neque proprie,

Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—

Especially, eminently, exclusively:

mira sermonis, cujus proprie studiosus fuit, elegantia,

Quint. 10, 1, 114; cf. Vell. 2, 9, 2.—

Properly, accurately, strictly speaking, in the proper (not tropical) sense:

magis proprie nihil possum dicere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

illud quidem honestum, quod proprie vereque dicitur,

id. Off. 3, 3, 13; Liv. 34, 32; 44, 22:

uti verbo proprie,

Gell. 9, 1, 8; 2, 6, 5; 7, 11, 2; 16, 5, 1.

prō̆prĭus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; perhaps from root prae; cf. prope], not common with others, one's own, special, particular, proper (class.; cf.: peculiaris, privatus).

In gen., opp. communis: nam virtutem propriam mortalibus fecit: cetera promiscue voluit communia habere, Varr. ap. Non. 361, 25:

proprium et peculiare,

Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 93:

tria praedia Capitoni propria traduntur,

to him for his own, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 21:

proprio sumptu edere ludos,

Tac. A. 1, 15:

propriā pecuniā militem juvare,

id. ib. 1, 71:

basilicam propriā pecuniā firmare,

id. ib. 3, 72 init.; id. H. 2, 84:

propria impensa,

Just. 12, 11, 1:

propriis viribus,

Liv. 2, 53:

familia,

id. 7, 9:

libri, Hor S. 1, 10, 64: horreum,

id. C. 1, 1, 9:

proprio Marte,

by his own bravery, Ov. P. 4, 7, 14.—With pron. poss. (class. and freq.):

ut cum ademerit nobis omnia, quae nostra erant propria, ne lucem quoque hanc, quae communis est, eripere cupiat,

all that belonged peculiarly to us, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52, 150:

suā quādam propriā, non communi oratorum facultate,

id. de Or. 1, 10, 44: ut redeas ad consuetudinem vel nostram communem vel tuam solius et propriam, Luc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 3:

omnia qui jubet esse communia, ne quis civis propriam aut suam rem ullam queat dicere,

Cic. Rep 4, 5, 5; id. ap. Non. p. 362:

suis propriis periculis parere commune reliquis otium,

id. Rep. 1, 4, 7:

quod (periculum) autem meum erat proprium,

id. Fam. 2, 17, 7; id. Sest. 7, 15;

calamitatem aut propriam suam aut temporum queri,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20.—

Opp. alienus, etc., one's own, peculiar, special, characteristic, personal:

tempus agendi fuit mihi magis proprium quam ceteris,

Cic. Sull. 3, 9:

reliquae partes quales propriae sunt hominis,

id. Fin. 5, 12, 35:

id non proprium senectutis est vitium, sed commune valetudinis,

id. Sen. 11, 35:

libertatem propriam Romani generis,

id. Phil. 3, 11, 29:

proprium id Tiberio fuit,

Tac. A. 4, 19:

ira,

personal resentment, id. ib. 2, 55.—As subst.: prō̆prĭum, i, n.

Lit., a possession, property:

id est cujusque proprium, quo quisque fruitur atque utitur,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 2:

vivere de proprio,

Mart. 12, 78, 2.—

Trop., a characteristic mark, a sign, characteristic, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2; 2, 5, 17; Caes. B. G. 6, 23.—

In partic., peculiar, extraordinary: nisi mihi fortuna proprium consilium extorsisset, Sent. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 35, 1:

superbo decreto addidit propriam ignominiam,

Liv. 35, 33.—

Lasting, constant, permanent, perpetual (class.):

illum amatorem tibi proprium futurum in vitā,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 67; Att. ap. Non. 362, 5:

nihil in vitā proprium mortali datum esse,

Lucil. ib. 362, 15:

alicui proprium atque perpetuum,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 48:

perenne ac proprium manere,

id. Red. in Sen. 4, 9:

parva munera diutina, locupletia non propria esse consueverunt,

Nep. Thras. 4, 2; Hor. S. 2, 6, 5; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 172:

deferens uni propriam laurum,

id. C. 2, 2, 22; Verg. A. 6, 871:

victoriam propriam se eis daturam,

lasting, Hirt. B. Afr. 32.— Comp., Ov. M. 12, 284; id. P. 1, 2, 152; Liv. 4, 27, 3. —Hence, adv.: proprĭē.

Specially, peculiarly, properly, strictly for one's self (opp. communiter;

class.): quod me amas, est tibi commune cum multis: quod tu ipse tam amandus es, id est proprie tuum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 1:

promiscue toto (Campo Martio), quam proprie parvā parte frui malletis,

for yourselves, individually, separately, id. Agr. 2, 31, 85.—

In partic.

Particularly, in particular:

neque publice neque proprie,

Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—

Especially, eminently, exclusively:

mira sermonis, cujus proprie studiosus fuit, elegantia,

Quint. 10, 1, 114; cf. Vell. 2, 9, 2.—

Properly, accurately, strictly speaking, in the proper (not tropical) sense:

magis proprie nihil possum dicere,

Cic. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

illud quidem honestum, quod proprie vereque dicitur,

id. Off. 3, 3, 13; Liv. 34, 32; 44, 22:

uti verbo proprie,

Gell. 9, 1, 8; 2, 6, 5; 7, 11, 2; 16, 5, 1.

ūnĭversus, a, um ( poet. contr., unvorsum, Lucr. 4, 262; plur. OINVORSEI, S. C. Bacch.), adj. [unus-verto, turned into one, combined into one whole], all together, all taken collectively, whole, entire, collective, general, universal (opp. singuli).

Sing.:

universa provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168:

terra,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

familia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58:

mare,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112; 4, 2, 3:

universum mundum complecti,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

Gallia,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 2:

triduum,

three days together, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 18:

vita,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

odium tantum ac tam universum,

id. Pis. 27, 65:

confusa atque universa defensio,

id. Sest. 2, 5:

universa et propria oratoris vis,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 64:

de universā philosophiā,

id. Tusc. 3, 3, 6:

bellum,

Liv. 7, 11, 1:

dimicatio,

a general engagement, id. 22, 32, 2; so,

pugna,

id. 27, 12, 9.—Strengthened by totus:

lupus Gregem universum voluit totum avortere,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 134.—

Plur.:

de universis generibus rerum dicere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

ex iis rebus universis eloquentia constat, quibus in singulis elaborare permagnum est,

id. ib. 1, 5, 19:

ut eadem sit utilitas uniuscujusque et universorum,

id. Off. 3, 6, 26:

quae (virtus) etiam populos universos tueri soleat,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

in illum universi tela coniciunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; 4, 26; 7, 17:

qui (Democritus) ita sit ausus ordiri: haec loquor de universis. Nihil excipit, de quo non profiteatur: quid enim esse potest extra universa?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73.—Strengthened by omnes:

id genus hominum omnibus Universis est adversum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 40:

talibus dictis universi omnes assensere,

App. M. 7, p. 189. —

ūnĭversi, ōrum, m., the whole body of citizens, all men together:

cum crudelitate unius oppressi essent universi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 31, 43:

et earum urbium separatim ab universis singulos diligunt (di),

id. N. D. 2, 66, 165:

si universi videre optimum et in eo consentire possent, nihil opus esset pluribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 52; Suet. Galb. 10.—

ūnĭversum, i, n., the whole world, the universe:

tum censet imagines divinitate praeditas inesse in universitate rerum: tum principia mentis, quae sunt in eodem universo, deos esse dicit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

genitor universi,

Col. 3, 10, 10.—

Adverb.: in universum, as a whole, in general, generally (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

non nominatim, sed in universum,

Liv. 9, 26, 8: terra etsi aliquando specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5; so id. ib. 6; Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 50.—Hence, adv.: ūnĭversē, in general, generally (cf.:

omnmo, generatim, communiter): singillatim potius quam generatim atque universe loqui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

cetera universe mandavi: illud proprie, ne pateretur prorogari nobis provincias,

id. Att. 5, 2, 1; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 268.

ūnĭversus, a, um ( poet. contr., unvorsum, Lucr. 4, 262; plur. OINVORSEI, S. C. Bacch.), adj. [unus-verto, turned into one, combined into one whole], all together, all taken collectively, whole, entire, collective, general, universal (opp. singuli).

Sing.:

universa provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168:

terra,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

familia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58:

mare,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112; 4, 2, 3:

universum mundum complecti,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

Gallia,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 2:

triduum,

three days together, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 18:

vita,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

odium tantum ac tam universum,

id. Pis. 27, 65:

confusa atque universa defensio,

id. Sest. 2, 5:

universa et propria oratoris vis,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 64:

de universā philosophiā,

id. Tusc. 3, 3, 6:

bellum,

Liv. 7, 11, 1:

dimicatio,

a general engagement, id. 22, 32, 2; so,

pugna,

id. 27, 12, 9.—Strengthened by totus:

lupus Gregem universum voluit totum avortere,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 134.—

Plur.:

de universis generibus rerum dicere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

ex iis rebus universis eloquentia constat, quibus in singulis elaborare permagnum est,

id. ib. 1, 5, 19:

ut eadem sit utilitas uniuscujusque et universorum,

id. Off. 3, 6, 26:

quae (virtus) etiam populos universos tueri soleat,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

in illum universi tela coniciunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; 4, 26; 7, 17:

qui (Democritus) ita sit ausus ordiri: haec loquor de universis. Nihil excipit, de quo non profiteatur: quid enim esse potest extra universa?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73.—Strengthened by omnes:

id genus hominum omnibus Universis est adversum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 40:

talibus dictis universi omnes assensere,

App. M. 7, p. 189. —

ūnĭversi, ōrum, m., the whole body of citizens, all men together:

cum crudelitate unius oppressi essent universi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 31, 43:

et earum urbium separatim ab universis singulos diligunt (di),

id. N. D. 2, 66, 165:

si universi videre optimum et in eo consentire possent, nihil opus esset pluribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 52; Suet. Galb. 10.—

ūnĭversum, i, n., the whole world, the universe:

tum censet imagines divinitate praeditas inesse in universitate rerum: tum principia mentis, quae sunt in eodem universo, deos esse dicit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

genitor universi,

Col. 3, 10, 10.—

Adverb.: in universum, as a whole, in general, generally (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

non nominatim, sed in universum,

Liv. 9, 26, 8: terra etsi aliquando specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5; so id. ib. 6; Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 50.—Hence, adv.: ūnĭversē, in general, generally (cf.:

omnmo, generatim, communiter): singillatim potius quam generatim atque universe loqui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

cetera universe mandavi: illud proprie, ne pateretur prorogari nobis provincias,

id. Att. 5, 2, 1; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 268.

ūnĭversus, a, um ( poet. contr., unvorsum, Lucr. 4, 262; plur. OINVORSEI, S. C. Bacch.), adj. [unus-verto, turned into one, combined into one whole], all together, all taken collectively, whole, entire, collective, general, universal (opp. singuli).

Sing.:

universa provincia,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 168:

terra,

id. Rep. 1, 17, 26:

familia,

id. Caecin. 20, 58:

mare,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 112; 4, 2, 3:

universum mundum complecti,

id. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

Gallia,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39, 2:

triduum,

three days together, Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 18:

vita,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:

odium tantum ac tam universum,

id. Pis. 27, 65:

confusa atque universa defensio,

id. Sest. 2, 5:

universa et propria oratoris vis,

id. de Or. 1, 15, 64:

de universā philosophiā,

id. Tusc. 3, 3, 6:

bellum,

Liv. 7, 11, 1:

dimicatio,

a general engagement, id. 22, 32, 2; so,

pugna,

id. 27, 12, 9.—Strengthened by totus:

lupus Gregem universum voluit totum avortere,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 134.—

Plur.:

de universis generibus rerum dicere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 71:

ex iis rebus universis eloquentia constat, quibus in singulis elaborare permagnum est,

id. ib. 1, 5, 19:

ut eadem sit utilitas uniuscujusque et universorum,

id. Off. 3, 6, 26:

quae (virtus) etiam populos universos tueri soleat,

id. Lael. 14, 50:

in illum universi tela coniciunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44; 4, 26; 7, 17:

qui (Democritus) ita sit ausus ordiri: haec loquor de universis. Nihil excipit, de quo non profiteatur: quid enim esse potest extra universa?

Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73.—Strengthened by omnes:

id genus hominum omnibus Universis est adversum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 40:

talibus dictis universi omnes assensere,

App. M. 7, p. 189. —

ūnĭversi, ōrum, m., the whole body of citizens, all men together:

cum crudelitate unius oppressi essent universi,

Cic. Rep. 3, 31, 43:

et earum urbium separatim ab universis singulos diligunt (di),

id. N. D. 2, 66, 165:

si universi videre optimum et in eo consentire possent, nihil opus esset pluribus,

id. Rep. 1, 34, 52; Suet. Galb. 10.—

ūnĭversum, i, n., the whole world, the universe:

tum censet imagines divinitate praeditas inesse in universitate rerum: tum principia mentis, quae sunt in eodem universo, deos esse dicit,

Cic. N. D. 1, 43, 120:

genitor universi,

Col. 3, 10, 10.—

Adverb.: in universum, as a whole, in general, generally (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

non nominatim, sed in universum,

Liv. 9, 26, 8: terra etsi aliquando specie differt, in universum tamen aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda, Tac. G. 5; so id. ib. 6; Plin. 6, 17, 19, § 50.—Hence, adv.: ūnĭversē, in general, generally (cf.:

omnmo, generatim, communiter): singillatim potius quam generatim atque universe loqui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 143:

cetera universe mandavi: illud proprie, ne pateretur prorogari nobis provincias,

id. Att. 5, 2, 1; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 268.