-
1 ἄν
ἄν (A), [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep., Lyr., [dialect] Ion., Arc., [dialect] Att.; also κεν) [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., Thess., κᾱ [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., El.; the two combined in [dialect] Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,Aεἰκ ἄν IG5(2).6.2
, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as ἄν, in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; ἄν is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε ([etym.] ν) with the relative.A In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here ἄν belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus ἦλθεν he came, ἦλθεν ἄν he would have come (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; ἔλθοι may he come, ἔλθοι ἄν he would come (under certain conditions), and so he might come.I WITH INDICATIVE:1 with historical tenses, generally [tense] impf. and [tense] aor., less freq. [tense] plpf., never [tense] pf., v. infr.,a most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what would be or would have been the case if the condition were or had been fulfilled. The [tense] impf. with ἄν refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perh. . 178; later also in [tense] pres. time, first in Thgn.905; πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο it would be far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.R. 489a; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he would not have been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The [tense] aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.N.11.24, etc.; εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν if he had then come to this opinion, he would have accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say I should have said,εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.Ant. 755
, cf. Pl.Smp. 199d, Euthphr. 12d, etc.: the [tense] plpf. refers to completed actions, as ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη I should have already learnt.., ib. 14c;εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3
.b the protasis is freq. understood: ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν fear would have seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο they would not have built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια for (if that were so) they would be worth much, Pl.R. 374d; οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε for there was nothing which you could have done, i. e. would have done (if you had tried), D.18.43.c with no definite protasis understood, to express what would have been likely to happen, or might have happened in past time: ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes may already have killed him before you, Od.4.546; ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') would have longed to be a warrior, Ar. Ra. 1022; esp. with τάχα, q. v., ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν, i. e. it might perhaps have come, S.OT 523; τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες (sc. διέβησαν ) and they might also perhaps have crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.Phdr. 265b.d ἄν is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν, etc., and sts. for rhetorical effect, εἰ μὴ.. ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν it had caused (for it would have caused) fear, E.Hec. 1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.2 with [tense] fut. ind.:a frequently in [dialect] Ep., usu. with κεν, rarely ἄν, Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι and he will likely be angry to whom- soever I shall come, ib.1.139; καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει and in that case men will say, 4.176;ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80
; so in Lyr.,μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.N.7.68
, cf. I.6(5).59.b rarely in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose writers,σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140
;οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.R. 615d
, cf. Ap. 29c, X.An.2.5.13; dub. in Hp.Mul.2.174: in later Prose, Philostr. V A2.21, S E.M.9.225: also in Poetry, E.El. 484, Ar.Av. 1313;οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36
(corr. - δοίην):— for ἄν with [tense] fut. inf. and part. v. infr.II WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in [dialect] Ep., the meaning being the same as with the [tense] fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with [ per.] 1st pers., as εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι in that case I will take her myself, Il.1.324; πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν obey and if so I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by δέ in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, , al.III WITH OPTATIVE (never [tense] fut., rarely [tense] pf. πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με]; X.Smp.3.6):a in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with εἰ or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a [tense] fut. condition:ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
;οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.Phd. 68b
:—in Hom. [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. opt. with κε or ἄν are sts. used like [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. ind. with ἄν in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο.. εἰ μὴ.. νόησε κτλ., i. e. he would have perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ.. κλισίηνδε φεροίμην if we were now contending in another's honour, I should now carry.., ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος (for εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568.b with protasis in [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., the opt. with ἄν in apodosi takes a simply future sense: φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος they might perhaps damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.Ap. 25b, R. 333e;ἢν οὖν μάθῃς.. οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.Nu. 116
, cf. D.1.26, al.c with protasis understood:φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269
; οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν for (if they should do so) they would burst, X. Cyr.8.2.21; τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε.. ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν two men could not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. would not, if they should try, Il.12.447; , cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sts. with ref. to past time, .d with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην but I would gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; βουλοίμην ἄν I should like , Lat. velim (but ἐβουλόμην ἄν I should wish, if it were of any avail, vellem); ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν; which way then can we turn? Pl.Euthd. 290a; οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου I will not give up the throne, Ar.Ra. 830; idiomatically, referring to the past, αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν but these would not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες these would be (i. e. would have been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη, i.e. it would not prove to be, etc. (for, it is not, etc.), Pl.R. 333e.e in questions, expressing a wish:τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; S.OC 1100
, cf.A.Ag. 1448;πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.Aj. 389
: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, ; σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις you may take yourself off (milder than κόμιζε σεαυτόν), S.Ant. 444; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω you may go in, El. 1491; κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε hear me now, Phoebus, ib. 637; φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 23c, 48b.f in a protasis which is also an apodosis: εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι if I would trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.Prt. 329b; εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο if you would not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.g rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: , cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag.,θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.Hipp. 1186
;τεὰν δύνασιν τίς.. κατάσχοι; S.Ant. 605
.h ἄν c. [tense] fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι ( ἐπαινέσαι Bekk.) Pl.Lg. 719e; εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο ( οὐδένα Bekk.) Lys.1.22.IV WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part.,τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.R. 577b
) representing ind. or opt.:1 [tense] pres. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] impf. ind., οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα.. οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν; do you think he would not have kept them safe? ([etym.] οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν when you would have been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.b representing [tense] pres. opt., πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων (representing ἔχοιμ' ἄν)ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258
, cf. X.An.2.3.18: with Art., .2 [tense] aor. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] aor. ind., οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν; do you not think he would even have run thither? ([etym.] καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν we know you would have been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς when he might easily have been acquitted, X.Mem.4.4.4.b representing [tense] aor. opt., οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι I think they would not even be masters of the land ([etym.] οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν ([etym.] ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα, i.e. things which are not and never could happen ([etym.] ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.3 [tense] pf. inf. or part. representing:a [tense] plpf. ind., πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι ([etym.] φήσειεν ἄν ) he would say that all these would have been destroyed by the barbarians ([etym.] ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.b [tense] pf. opt., οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ.. καταψηφίσαισθε I do not believe they would (then) have suffered ([etym.] δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.4 [tense] fut. inf.or part., never in [dialect] Ep., and prob. always corrupt in [dialect] Att., νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν (leg. - ῆσαι) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, (codd.), cf. D.19.342 (v. l.); both are found in later Gk.,νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8
, cf. Plu.Marc.15, Arr.An.2.2.3; with part., Epicur. Nat.14.1, Luc.Asin.26, Lib.Or.62.21, dub. l. in Arr.An.6.6.5.I In the protasis of conditional sentences with εἰ, regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic εἰ ἄν is contracted into ἐάν, ἤν, or ἄν ([etym.] ᾱ) (q. v.): Hom. has generally εἴ κε (or αἴ κε), sts. ἤν, onceεἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288
, twiceεἴπερ ἄν 5.224
, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of [tense] fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς .. if thus thou shalt do.., ib.2.364; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death (ever) come near.., E.Alc. 671.2 in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here ἄν coalesces with ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, cf. ὅταν, ὁπόταν, ἐπήν or ἐπάν ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεάν) , ἐπειδάν: Hom. has ὅτε κε (sts. ὅτ' ἄν) , ὁππότε κε (sts. ὁπότ' ἄν or ὁππότ' ἄν) , ἐπεί κε (ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
), ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν; v. also εἰσόκε ([etym.] εἰς ὅ κε):—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν whomsoever of these I may wish.., Il.9.397; ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι when I shall have no strength.., S.Ant.91; ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ who ever conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (1 and 2 ) without ἄν; also Trag. and Com., S.Aj. 496, Ar.Eq. 805; μέχρι and πρίν occasionally take subj. without ἄν in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 ([etym.] μέχρι οὗ), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.3.60.3 in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as ὡς, ὅπως (of Manner), ἵνα (of Place), ὄφρα, ἕως, etc. (of Time), freq. in [dialect] Ep.,σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32
;ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359
;ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ.. φράσω A.Pr. 824
;ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.Smp. 198e
; (where ὅπως with [tense] fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after ὡς in Hdt., Trag., X.An.2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but [tense] fut. ind. is regular in [dialect] Att.); ἵνα final does not take ἄν or κε exc.ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν.. φύγοιμεν Od.12.156
( ἵνα = where in S.OC 405). μή, = lest, takes ἄν only with opt. in apodosis, as S.Tr. 631, Th.2.93.II in [dialect] Ep. sts. with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε ([etym.] ν), exc.εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597
),εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353
; ὥς κε.. δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι that he might give her to whomsoever he might please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν belongs to Verb in apod., as inὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.Cyr.7.5.81
.2 rarely in oratio obliqua, where a relat. or temp. word retains an ἄν which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.Tr. 687, X.Mem.1.2.6, Isoc.17.15;ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6
:—similarly after a preceding opt.,οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν.. σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
.III rarely with εἰ and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in [dialect] Ep.:1 with [tense] fut. ind. as with subj.:αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213
:—so with relat.,οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175
.2 with εἰ and a past tense of ind., once in Hom.,εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526
; so Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.Lys. 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.IV in later Greek, ἄν with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, asὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Ev.Marc.6.56
;ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε PFay. 136
(iv A. D.);ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. in Ph.436.19
; cf. ἐάν, ὅταν.C with [tense] impf. and more rarely [tense] aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο she would (i. e. used to) weep and lament, 3.119;εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.Ph. 295
; εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν.., ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71;διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.Ap. 22b
: inf. representing [tense] impf. of this constr., ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν.. ἀναχωρεῖν, i. e. I hear they used to retire ([etym.] ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.D GENERAL REMARKS:I POSITION OF ἄν.1 in A, when ἄν does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in ἐάν, ὅταν), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ, etc.; asεἰ μέν κεν.. εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281
-4; rarely by τις, asὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14
:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, asεἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355
, cf. Il.2.123; εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε, Hes.Op. 280, 357; rarely in Prose,ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45
;ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.Ra. 1420
: alsoὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.Lg. 647e
, cf. 850a; .2 in apodosis, ἄν may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε; do you think they would have believed it if any one had told them? ([etym.] εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.3 ἄν is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα, etc., οὐκ ἂν οἴει .. ; freq. in Pl., Grg. 486d, al.; καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι I think that I should, X.Cyr.8.7.25;οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2
; ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι (where ἄν belongs to ῥηθῆναι) D. 18.225:—in the phrase οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ, or οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν belongs not to οἶδα, but to the Verb which follows, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι, for οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν, E.Med. 941, cf. Alc.48;οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. Ti. 26b
;οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.Cyr.5.4.12
.4 ἄν never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause,ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar. Pax
<*>37.II REPETITION OF ἄν:—in apodosis ἄν may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words,ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.El. 333
, cf. Ant.69, A.Ag. 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.Ap. 31a, Lys.20.15; , cf. S.Fr. 739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ .. Id.OT 1438.2 ἄν is coupled with κε ([etym.] ν ) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187, 202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν v.l. ib.18.318.III ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which ἄν belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only εἰμί, as τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής (sc. ᾖ) Il.5.481; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (sc. ἔρρεγκον) Ar.Nu.5; τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.Ag. 935
:—so in phrases like πῶς γὰρ ἄν; and πῶς οὐκ ἄν (sc. εἴη); also in ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (or ὡσπερανεί), as φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν) Pl.Grg. 479a; so τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν (sc. ἐφρόνησαν)εἰ.. Isoc.10.48
:—so also when κἂν εἰ ( = καὶ ἂν εἰ) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which ἄν cannot belong, Pl.R. 477a, Men. 72c; cf. κἄν:—so the Verb of a protasis containing ἄν may be understood, ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν (i. e. καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ) D.2.14; ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς (sc. ἴητε) X.An.1.3.6.IV ELLIPSIS OF ἄν:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, ἄν is generally used only in the first and understood in the others:πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.Ag. 1049
: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.R. 352e, cf. 439b codd.: but ἄν is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third ὡς): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, τοῦτον ἂν.. θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν (i. e. καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι) S.Ant. 669.------------------------------------ἄν (B), [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att.,A = ἐάν, ἤν, Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl.,ἂν σωφρονῇ Phd. 61b
; ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ ib. 80d, cf. D.4.50;ἄν τ'.. ἄν τε Arist. Ath.48.4
: not common in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, SIG1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), PPetr.2p.47 (iii B. C.), PPar.32.19 (ii B. C.), PTeb.110.8 (i B. C.), Ev.Jo.20.23, etc.------------------------------------ἄν (C) or [full] ἀν, Epic form of ἀνά, q. v.------------------------------------ -
2 συνέρχομαι
συνέρχομαι (since Il. 10, 224 [in tmesis]; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., Just.; Ath., R. 23, p. 77, 8) impf. συνηρχόμην; fut. συνελεύσομαι; 2 aor. συνῆλθον (συνῆλθα B-D-F §81, 3; W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 208); pf. ptc. συνεληλυθώς; plpf. 3 pl. συνεληλύθεισαν, ptc. fem. pl. συνεληλυθεῖαι.① to come together w. others as a group, assemble, gather συνέρχεται ὁ ὄχλος Mk 3:20. συνέρχονται πάντες οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς 14:53.—Ac 1:6 (s. B-D-F §251; Rob. 695); 2:6, 37 D; 5:16; 10:27; 16:13; 19:32; 21:22 v.l.; 22:30; 28:17; 1 Cor 14:26. W. the addition of εἰς w. acc. of place (Pla., Leg. 6, 13, 767c; Diod S 13, 100, 7 συνῆλθον εἰς Ἔφεσον; Zech 8:21) Ac 5:16 v.l.; ἐν w. dat. of place (POxy 1187, 6) ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ 1 Cor 11:18; αὐτοῦ Mk 6:33 v.l.; ὅπου J 18:20; ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό (s. αὐτός 3b; ς. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό Josh 9:2; Syntipas p. 75, 16) 1 Cor 11:20; 14:23; B 4:10. Foll. by a dat. come together with someone, assemble at someone’s house (PTebt 34, 4 [I B.C.] συνελθεῖν Ὥρῳ; Jos., Bell. 2, 411) Mk 14:53 v.l.; D 14:2. πρός τινα come together to (meet) someone (Ex 32:26) Mk 6:33 v.l. Foll. by an inf. of purpose Lk 5:15; by εἰς denoting purpose 1 Cor 11:33; IEph 13:1. εἰς can also introduce a result that was not intended οὐκ εἰς τὸ κρεῖσσον ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ ἧσσον συνέρχεσθε you hold your meetings in such a way that they turn out not to your advantage, but to your disadvantage 1 Cor 11:17. εἰς κρίμα vs. 34 (on the solemnity of a celebration cp. the schol. on Aristoph., Pax 967f: to the question ‘τίς τῇδε;’ [=“who is here?”] the group answers ‘πολλοὶ κἀγαθοί’. τοῦτο δὲ ἐποίουν οἱ σπένδοντες, ἵνα οἱ συνειδότες τι ἑαυτοῖς ἄτοπον ἐκχωροῖεν τ. σπονδῶν=“many good men.” Now, those who pour the libations were accustomed to do this [ask the question], so that those who were aware of anything inappropriate about themselves might absent themselves from the libation). W. indication of the nature and manner of the meeting συνέρχεσθε ἐν μιᾷ πίστει IEph 20:2.② to come/go with one or more pers., travel together with someone (BGU 380, 13; 596, 4 [84 A.D.]) τινί (EpArist 35; Jos., Ant. 9, 33) τοὺς συνελθόντας αὐτῇ Ἰουδαίους J 11:33. ἦσαν συνεληλυθυῖαι ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας αὐτῷ Lk 23:55. Cp. Ac 1:21; 9:39; 10:23, 45; 11:12. ς. τινι εἰς τὸ ἔργον 15:38. σύν τινι instead of the dat. alone 21:16. συνελθόντων ἐνθάδε prob. means (because of συνκαταβάντες 25:5) they came back here with (me) 25:17.③ to unite in an intimate relationship, come together in a sexual context (X., Mem. 2, 2, 4; Diod S 3, 58, 4; Ps.-Apollod. 1, 3, 3; Philo, Virt. 40; 111; Jos., Ant. 7, 168; 213) ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό ς. 1 Cor 7:5 v.l. In πρὶν ἢ συνελθεῖν αὐτούς Mt 1:18 domestic and marital relations are combined. (In marriage contracts in pap πρὸς γάμον τινὶ συνελθεῖν means ‘marry’. Also without πρὸς γάμον: BGU 970, 13 [II A.D.] συνηρχόμην τῷ προγεγραμμένῳ μου ἀνδρί).—M-M. TW. -
3 καταβαίνω
+ V 69-159-58-34-29=349 Gn 11,5.7; 12,10; 15,11; 18,21to go down, to come down Gn 43,4; id. (metaph.) Ps 7,17; to come or go down from [ἔκ τινος] Ex 32,1; id. [ἀπό τινος] Ex 32,15; to descend (of the Lord from heaven) Ex 19,11; to go down, to descend (to a river) Ex 2,5; to go down, to flow to the sea Jos 3,16; to go ashore Ez 27,29; to go down to [τι] Ps 103(104),8; to go down against sb [ἐπί τινα] 2 Chr 20,16to alight, to settle on, to perch on [ἐπί τι] (of birds) Gn 15,11; to come down, to precipitate, to settle, to deposit (of dawn, manna) Nm 11,9; to pour down (of hail) Is 32,19; to come down, to drop (of rain, snow) Is 55,10; to descend (to the earth) Ex 33,9to pass from... to... [ἀπό τινος ἐπί τι] (of border) Nm 34,11; to go down to, to pass to [ἐπί τι] (of borders) Jos 18,13; to lead down (of steps) Neh 3,15; to go down on the degrees of the dial [τι] (of the sun) Is 38,8οἱ καταβαίνοντες εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν ἐν πλοίοις those who sail downstream towards the sea Ps 106(107),23; καταβήσονται ζῶντες εἰς ᾅδου those alive will go down to Hades, the living will die Nm 16,30; κατέβη εἰς Αἴγυπτον he went down to Egypt Gn 12,10; δάκρυα καταβαίνει ἐπὶ σιαγόνα tears run down the cheek Sir 35,15; οὐ κατέβη τὸ ὄρος she did not go down the mountain Jdt 10,10*2 Kgs 9,32 κατάβηθι (μετ’ ἐμοῦ) come down with me-עמי יתִּ אַ? אתה for MT מי יתִּ ִא (who is) with me, who; *Jer 28(51),14 οἱ καταβαίνοντες those who came down-ירד for MT הידד cry, shout; *Ez 31,18 κατάβηθι καὶ καταβιβάσθητι descendand be brought down-והורדת רדה for MT והורדת and you will be brought down, cpr. Ez 32,18; *Ez 47,15 καταβαινούσης that descends-הירד for MT הדרך the road?, cpr. Ez 48,1Cf. BEWER 1953 165(Ez 31,18); WEVERS 1990 298(Ex 19,10).388(Ex 24,16); 1993 728 -
4 συγκαταβαίνω
A go or come down with,σᾷ πτέρυγι E.Andr. 505
(lyr.);ἅμα τοῖς ᾠοῖς Arist.GA 756a25
; of curls,σ. ταῖς παρειαῖς Philostr.Ep.58
.2 go down together, opp. ἀνέρχομαι, Arist.Mete. 358b32; esp. to the sea-side, Th.6.30;εἰς ὁμαλοὺς τόπους Plb.1.39.12
;ἀπὸ τοῦ λόφου Plu.Crass.31
: metaph.,σ. ταῖς ἡλικίαις ἐπὶ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρόν Arist.Pol. 1334b34
, cf. 1335a31.4 like Lat. descendere in arenam, σ. εἰς κίνδυνον, εἰς πόλεμον, etc., Plb.3.89.8, 5.66.7, D.S.12.30, etc.;εἰς παράταξιν Id.17.98
.6 metaph., let oneself down, submit to,εἰς φόρους καὶ συνθήκας Id.4.45.4
; σ. εἰς πᾶν agree to all conditions, Id.3.10.1: generally, stoop, condescend, Id.26.1.3;εἰς λοιδορίαν Phld.Rh.1.383
S.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συγκαταβαίνω
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5 συνεξέρχομαι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνεξέρχομαι
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6 συμπαραγίγνομαι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συμπαραγίγνομαι
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7 νείφει
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `it snows' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. νεῖψαι, νειφθῆναι, fut. νείψει. Cf. νίφ-α f. acc. sg. `(falling) snow' (Hes. Op. 535).Compounds: Sometimes with prefix, e.g. κατα-. Compp., e.g. νιφ-ό-βολος `snow-covered' (Ar., E.), ἀγά-ννιφ-ος `with much snow' (A 420, Σ 186, Epich.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 64).Derivatives: 1. νιφ-άδες pl., also sg. νιφ-άς, - άδος f. `snow-flake, snowstorm' (Il., Pi., trag.), as adj. `rich in snow' (S.); 2. νιφ-ετός m. `falling snow, snowstorm' (Il., Arist.; Schwyzer 501, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 51 n.1; to be rejected Porzig Satzinhalte 245) with νιφετ-ώδης `connected with snow-fall' (Arist., Plb.); -- 3. νιφ-όεις `snowy, rich in snow' (Il.; on the formation Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28 f.).Etymology: The high-grade thematic root-present νείφει (νῑφέμεν M 280 wrong for νειφ-; Wackernagel Unt. 75), from which the other Greek verbal forms come, agrees with Av. snaēža- (e.g. subj. snaēžāt̃), OHG OE snīwan, Lith. sniẽg-a, -ti, perh. also Lat. nivit (only Pacuv., prob. ī), IE * sneigʷʰ-( eti ` it snows'; beside it with zero grade, also thematic, OIr. snigid `it drops, rains' (on the meaning below). A nasal present is found in Lat. ninguit = Lith. sniñga (: νείφει like linquō: λείπω, s.v.). Further, in meaning deviating, the zero-grade Skt. yotpresent sníhyati `gets wet, sticky', metaph. `finds affection', with sneha- `stickyness, affection etc.', with a shift of meaning from the mild climate as in Celtic (s. above); comparable in Greek, e.g. Nonn. D. 22, 283 αἵματι νείφεις of sticky blood, Lyc. 876 ὀμβρία νιφάς of rain-shower. Diff. Benveniste Μνήμης χάριν 1, 35 ff.: orig. meaning of IE * sneigʷʰ- `clot (together)'; thus Gonda KZ 72, 228 ff. One traces of the meaning `snow' in Mind. (Prākr. siṇeha- `snow' etc.) Turner BSOAS 18, 449ff. and 19, 375; s. Mayrhofer A.I.O.N. 1, 235). The noun acc. νίφ-α (nom. νιφετός, νιφάς, χιών; cf. Schwyzer 584) is identical with Lat. nix, nivis; IE * snigʷʰ-s ( ἀγά-ννιφ-ος \< *- snigʷʰ-); with dental enlargement (cf. νιφετός, but not identical) OIr. snechte `snow'; here prob. also νίβα χιόνα H. as Illyrian, Krahe IF 58, 133. Besides the o-stem IE * snoigʷho-s in Germ., e.g. Goth. snaiws, NHG Schnee, Slav., e.g. OCS sněgъ a.o. -- More forms in WP. 2, 695, Pok. 974, W.-Hofmann s. ninguit etc.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νείφει
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8 νεφέλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `cloud, mass of clouds' (ep. poet. Il., also X., Arist.) also of cloudlike disturbances in urine a. in eye (medic.), metaph. `fine bird-net' (Ar., Call., AP).Compounds: Compp., e.g. νεφελ-ηγερέτα `cloudgatherer', adjunct of Zeus, with voc. for nom. (Risch Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 394f.), ἐπι-νέφελος `clouded' (Hdt., Hp., Arist.). Compp., e.g. νεφο-ειδής `cloud-like' (Epicur.), συν-νεφής `surrounded by clouds, dark' (E., Arist.), ἐπι-νεφής `cloudy, bringing clouds' (Arist., Thphr.) with the backformations συν-νέφει, - νένοφεν (Ar., E., Arist.), ἐπι-νέφει (Arist., Thphr.) `is, makes cloudy' with ἐπίνεψις f. `cloudiness' (Arist.).Derivatives: 1. Diminut. νεφέλιον n. (Arist., Thphr., medic.); 2. Adj. νεφελ-ώδης `cloudy' (Arist.), - ωτός `covered with clouds, consisting of clouds' (Luc.). 3. Verbs: νεφελ-όομαι (Eust.), - ίζομαι (sch.) `be(come) covered with clouds'. -- νέφος n. `cloud, mass of c.' (Il.). Derivv.: 1. Dimin. νεφύδριον (Olymp. Phil.); 2. Adj. νεφώδης `cloudlike, bringing clouds' (Arist., Str.); 3. Verb νεφόομαι, also w. ἐκ-, `become cloudy, be changed in a cloud' (Thphr., Ph.) with νέφωσις f. `cloudiness' (Ph.).Etymology: Old inherited words with exact correspondences in several languages. With νεφέλη agrees Lat. nebula (u however polyinterpretable), prob. also MWelsh. nyfel `cloud' (Loth Rev. celt. 47. 172 f.), IE * nebhelā. Also Germanic points with varying auslaut (ā- or ŏ-stem) and var. vowel to the same l-element, e.g. OWNo. njōl f. `darkness' (Germ. ō-stem = IE ā-stem), OHG nebul m. `mist' (Germ. a-stem = IE o-stem); some Celtic forms, e.g. OIr. nēl, gen. nivil m. `cloud, mist', are ambiguous. -- Beside this l-stem, which prob. not accidentally agrees with the l-stem of the words for `sun' (s. ἥλιος) and `wind' (s. ἄελλα, θύελλα), we find in the east a widespread s-stem in νέφος = Skt. nábhas- n. `cloud, mist, haze', Hitt. nepiš, OCS. nebo, gen. nebes-e `heaven' (through `cloud' \> `heaven' Brandenstein Stud. z. idg. Grundspr. 24 f.) etc., IE *nébhos n.; on the variation s: l cf. e.g. ἔτος: ἔταλον, θάρσος: θαρσα-λέος a.o. (Benveniste Origines 46 f.). -- More forms w. partly uncertain combinations in WP. 1, 131 f., Pok. 315f., W.-Hofmann s. nebula, Mayrhofer s. nábhaḥ, Vasmer s. nébo; s. also Porzig Gliederung 189f. (Not here ὄμβρος.)Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νεφέλη
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9 ἐφίστημι
ἐφίστημι (s. ἵστημι; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 17:2; EpArist, Joseph.; Just. [‘pay attention’ D. 28, 1]; Ath.) fut. ἐπιστήσω; 1 aor. ἐπέστησα LXX; 2 aor. ἐπέστην, impv. ἐπίστηθι, ptc. ἐπιστάς; pf. ἐφέστηκα LXX, ptc. ἐφεστώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἐφειστήκει LXX; mid. 3 sg. indic. ἐπίσταται 1 Th 5:3 v.l. (on the form s. W-S. §5, 10c); 1 aor. pass. ἐπεστάθην 1 Cl 12:4; Hv 3, 1, 6. This aor. pass. can have mid. mng. (Eur., Iph. T. 1375 al.) and as a rule the mid. has, like the 2 aor., pf. and plpf. act., intransitive sense; it is only this intr. sense that is found for ἐφίστημι in our lit.① to stand at or near a specific place, stand at/near, of living entities and oft. w. connotation of suddenness, pres. and aor. w. dat. of pers. Lk 2:9; 24:4 (of angels, as Diod S 1, 25, 5 of Isis in a dream; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 17, 1 of Hephaestus; SIG 1168, 37 ὁ θεὸς ἐπιστάς; TestSol 1:8 ἐν ᾗ ἂν ὥρᾳ ἐπιστῇ σοι τὸ δαιμόνιον; Jos., Ant. 3, 188. Of a figure in a dream Hdt. 5, 56); Ac 4:1; 12:7 D; 23:11. ἐπεστάθη μοι she approached me Hv 3, 1, 6. ἐπί τι approach or stand by someth. (Sir 41:24) Ac 10:17; 11:11. ἐπάνω τινός stand at someone’s head Lk 4:39 (cp. 2 Km 1:9). περιστερὰ … ἐπεστάθη ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ Ἰωσήφ a dove … perched on the head of Joseph GJs 9:1 (ἐπετάσθη v.l.). Abs. (EpArist 177) Lk 2:38; 10:40; 20:1; Ac 6:12; 12:7; 22:13; 23:27; 1 Cl 12:4; MPol 6:1; GJs 4:1 v.l.; AcPl Ha 4, 8.—Perf. stand by, be present αὐτὸς ἤμην ἐφεστώς I (myself) was standing by Ac 22:20 (cp. Jos., Vi. 294).② to happen, esp. of misfortunes, which (suddenly) come upon someone, happen to, overtake, befall (Soph., Oed. R. 777; Thu. 3, 82, 2; LXX) w. dat. of pers. (cp. Cornutus 10 p. 11, 17; Wsd 6:8; 19:1) αἰφνίδιος αὐτοῖς ἐφίσταται ὄλεθρος 1 Th 5:3. ἐπί τινα Lk 21:34.—DDaube, The Sudden in the Scriptures ’64, 36.③ to come near with intention of harming, attack w. dat. of thing τῇ οἰκίᾳ Ἰ. Ac 17:5.④ to be present to begin someth., begin, come on perf. διὰ τ. ὑετὸν τὸν ἐφεστῶτα because it had begun to rain Ac 28:2 (Polyb. 18, 20, 7 διὰ τὸν ἐφεστῶτα ζόφον). But the mng. here could also be because it threatened to rain (s. 6).⑤ to be present in readiness to discharge a task, fix one’s mind on, be attentive to (Eur., Andr. 547; Demosth. 18, 60) ἐπίστηθι stand by = be ready, be on hand, be persistent 2 Ti 4:2.⑥ to be before one as an event about to occur, be imminent perf. (Il. 12, 326; Demosth. 18, 176; Jos., Ant. 13, 241, Vi. 137 al.) ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν the time of my departure is imminent 2 Ti 4:6. For Ac 28:2 s. 4.⑦ to stand over someth. as leader or overseer, be over, be in charge of perf. (Eur., Aristoph. et al.: Jdth 8:10; 12:11; Synes., Ep. 140 p. 276b ὁ ἐφεστὼς θεός; Just., D. 36, 6; Ath. 12, 1; 31, 2) εἴς τι: οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ εἰς τὴν οἱκοδομὴν ἐφεστῶτες the men who were in charge of the construction Hs 9, 6, 2.—M-M. TW. -
10 συνεξανίστημι
A stir up or excite together, Plu.2.44c.II [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2 and [tense] pf.[voice] Act., rise and come forth with, Id.Ages.12; to be roused to action or ready for action with or together,ἅμα τισί Id.Pyrrh.11
;πρός τι Id.Dem.18
, Cat. Mi.59;σ. τοῖς καιροῖς Plb.16.9.4
.3 to be in enthusiastic sympathy with, τούτῳ ταῖς ὁρμαῖς, of the crowd at a wrestling-match, Plb.27.9.3.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συνεξανίστημι
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11 συνέρχομαι
+ V 1-2-3-4-13=23 Ex 32,26; Jos 9,2; 11,5; Jer 3,18; Ez 33,30to go together (with), to go in company (of) [abs.] Jos 11,5; id. [μετά τινος] Prv 23,35; id. [τινι] TobS 11,4; id. [τινι] (metaph.) Wis 7,2; to come together (with), to assemble (to) [abs.] Jos 9,2; id. [πρός τινα] Ex 32,26; id. [ἐπί τι] Jer 3,18; id. [εἴς τι] Zech 8,21; to unite with [τινι] Jb 6,29Cf. HELBING 1928, 308; ROST 1967, 118-121; →NIDNTT -
12 πύλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `wing of a door, gate', mostly in plur. `door, gate', esp. of town-gates, gates of an camp a. the like (Il.); `entrance, access, bottleneck etc.', also as PlN (Pi., Emp., IA.).Compounds: Several compp., e.g. πυλ-άρτης m. `gate-closer', adjunct of Hades, also as PN (Hom.), to ἀρ- in ἀραρίσκω (s.v.) with univerbating τη-suffix (Bechtel Lex. s.v., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1. 31 w. n. 2); πυλ-ωρός, ep. πυλᾰ-ωρός, Hdt. πυλ-ουρός, H. πυλ-αυρός (Dor.), - ευρός (Ion.) `gate-keeper, guard' (Il.); on the comp.vowel and 2. member s. on ὁράω and Schwyzer 438, Leumann Hom. Wörter 223 n. 20: 2c, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 161; ἑπτά-πυλος `with seven gates' (ep. lyr. Il.); PlN Θερμο-πύλαι pl. (Simon., Hdt. etc.); the Att. orator a.o. for it Πύλαι, cf. Risch IF 59, 267.Derivatives: 1. Dimin. πυλ-ίς, - ίδος f. (IA.); 2. - ώματα pl. n. `gate' (A, E.; cf. Sommer Zum Zahlwort 9 n.1), formal enlargement (Chantraine Form. 186f.); 3. - εών (sp.), - ών (Arist., hell.). -( ε)ῶνος m. `gate-space, gateway, gate-building'; 4. Πυλ-ᾶτις, - ιδος f. `belonging to Πύλαι' (S. in lyr.), -αϊ̃τις, - ιδος f. `belonging to a gate' (Lyc. 356; for Πυλᾶτις?; cf. Redard 10 a. 212). 5. πυλαῖος `belonging to a gate' (late), `belonging to Πύλαι' (Demeter; Call.); PN Πύλαιος (Β842); Πυλαία, - ίη f. adjunct of the amphictyonian meeting in Πύλαι (IA.); from it Πυλαιασταί m. pl. prop. *"members of Πυλαία" (on the formation Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 175ff.; hardly correct Bechtel Dial. 2, 655), metaph. `mountebank, liar' (Phot., Suid.; Rhod. after H.); prob. also πυλαϊκός `conjurer-like' (late). 6. Denom. verb πυλ-όομαι, - όω `to be(come) provided with gates' (Ar., X.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: As opposed to the inherited θύρα without etymology; so prob. technical LW [loanword] like many other expressions of architecture (e.g. μέγαρον; s. also Schwyzer 62). Vain attempts at interpretation in Bq (rejected). -- So prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,623-624Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύλη
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13 καταλαμβάνω
A (in pass.sense, A.D.Synt. 48.9), [dialect] Ion.- λάμψομαι Hdt.6.39
, [dialect] Aeol. - λᾱμψομαι dub. in Alc.Supp. 5.9 (v. λαμβάνω): [tense] pf. , etc. ( (Carpathos, iv B. C.)),- λελάβηκα Pherecyd.Syr.
ap. D.L.1.122, Hdt.3.42 (v.l. -λελαβήκεε):—[voice] Pass., [dialect] Ion. [tense] aor.- ελάμφθην Id.5.21
; (Zelea, iv B. C.): [tense] pf. in med. sense, D.S.17.85:—seize, lay hold of, c. acc.,τοῦ κατὰ νῶτα λαβών Od.9.433
, cf. Ar.Lys. 624, etc.;κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Th.1.126
, cf. Hdt.5.71, Ar.Lys. 263(lyr., tm.), Isoc.4.153, etc. (metaph., τὴν τοῦ νέου τῆς ψυχῆς ἀκρόπολιν κ. Pl.R. 560b); πάντα φυλακαῖς κ. Plu.Per.33;κ. ἕδρας Ar.Ec.21
, 86; φάσκων Ποσειδῶ πρότερον Ἀθηνᾶς καταλαβεῖν αὐτήν (sc. τὴν πόλιν) Isoc.12.193; later, simply, arrive at a place, POxy. 1829 (vi A. D.), etc.:—[voice] Med., seize for oneself,τὰ πρήγματα Hdt.6.39
; τὰ ἄλλοι οὐ κατελάβοντο matters which others had not preoccupied, ib.55: freq. in Plb.,κ. λόφον 1.19.5
, al.:—[voice] Pass., of a person, ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ καταληφθείς possessed, Plot. 5.8.11.2 of death, fatigue, disaster, etc.,τὸν δὲ κατ' ὄσσε ἔλλαβε.. θάνατος Il.5.82
;Ἄργον.. κατὰ μοῖρ' ἔλαβεν.. θανάτοιο Od.17.326
: c. dupl. acc., ;Δίκη καταλήψεται ψευδῶν τέκτονας Heraclit.28
; befall, overtake,συμφορὰ κ. πόλεις E.Hipp. 1161
: freq.in Hdt., ; πένθεα μεγάλα τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους κ. ibid., cf. 3.42; ὅσα φεύγοντας ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος κακὰ ἐπίδοξα καταλαμβάνειν may be expected to befall them, 4.11; : folld. by inf.,νοῦσός τινα κ. νοσῆσαι 3.149
, cf. 3.75; πρίν τι ἀνήκεστον ἡμᾶς κ. Th.4.20;κίνδυνος κ. τινά D.18.99
; rarely of good fortune,τοῦτον κατέλαβε εὐτυχίη τις Hdt.3.139
.3 seize with the mind, comprehend, Pl.Ax. 370a, Chrysipp.Stoic.2.39, Plb.8.2.6, Ev.Jo.1.5 (perh. overcome); κάλλος διὰ τῆς [ ὄψεως] Pl.Phdr. 250d;ἐκ τοῦ φάσματος ὅτι.. D.H.5.46
, cf. Arr.Epict.1.5.6:—so in [voice] Med., D.H.2.66, S.E.M.7.288;ὅτι.. Act.Ap.4.13
;τί τὸ πλάτος Ep.Eph.3.18
:— [voice] Pass., Phld.Sign.22, Mus.p.62K., Numen. ap. Eus.PE14.8.II catch, overtake, come up with,τοὺς φεύγοντας Hdt.1.63
, cf. 2.30, etc.:—[voice] Pass., Id.7.211, Plb.1.47.8.2 find on arrival, c. part.,τινὰ ζῶντα Hdt.3.10
;τὰ πλεῖστα.. προειργασμένα Th.8.65
;πάντα ἔξω Id.2.18
;ἀνεῳγμένην τὴν θύραν Pl. Smp. 174d
;τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἐξιόντας D.21.85
;τινὰ ἔνδον Pl.Prt. 311a
;τῶν φορτίων πολλὴν ἀπρασίαν D.34.8
;τι ὑπάρχον Arist.Top. 131a29
; detect,ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ ἐμαυτόν Pl.Ap. 22b
:—[voice] Pass., , cf. Ev.Jo.8.3, etc.;κατείληπτο σοφιζόμενος D.21.164
; to be taken by surprise, Plu.Publ.20.III impers., καταλαμβάνει τινά c. inf., it happens to one, it is one's fortune to..,καταλαμβάνει μιν φεύγειν Hdt.2.152
, cf. 3.118;καταλελάβηκέ με.. τοῦτο.. ἐκφῆναι Id.3.65
, cf. 4.105, 6.38.IV abs., πρὸς τὴν καταλαβοῦσαν συμφορήν that had befallen, Id.4.161; τὰ καταλαβόντα, = τὰ συμβάντα, what had happened, the circumstances, Id.9.49;ἢν πόλεμος καταλάβῃ Th.2.54
, cf. 18;εἰ -λαμβάνοι ἀναχώρησις Id.4.31
; τῆς νυκτὸς -λαμβανούσης as night was coming on, D.S.20.86;Χειμῶνος ἤδη -λαμβάνοντος Hdn.7.2.9
.V hold down, cover,τῇ Χειρὶ τὸν ὀφθαλμόν Pl.Tht. 165b
;τὰς Χεῖρας Plu.Sert.26
; fasten down,κ. πῶμα γόμφοις Id.2.356c
, cf. Gal.13.358 (so in [voice] Med., D.S.3.37):—[voice] Pass., to be compressed, opp. διαλύεσθαι, Arist.Pr. 870b11;τὰς φλέβας -λαμβανόμενοι Id.Somn.Vig. 455b7
.2 keep under, repress, check,κ. τινῶν αὐξανομένην τὴν δύναμιν Hdt.1.46
; κ. τὸ πῦρ get it under, ib.87;ἴσχε καὶ κ. σεωυτόν Id.3.36
; κ. τὰς διαφοράς put an end to them, Id.7.9.β; κ. ἐρίζοντας stop their quarrelling, Id.3.128: folld. by inf.,κ. τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους ταῦτα μὴ ποιέειν Id.2.162
; ὁ τῶν Περσέων θάνατος καταλαμφθεὶς ἐσιγήθη inquiries about their death being checked.., Id.5.21.b κ. τὸ πνεῦμα hold the breath, Gal.6.176, al.3 bind,κ. πίστι καὶ ὁρκίοισι Hdt.9.106
;ὅρκοις Th.4.86
, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,εἴ τινι -λέλαμμαι ὅρκῳ SIG360.41
([place name] Chersonesus); νόμοις, ἔθεσι κατειλημμένα enforced, Arist.Pol. 1324b22; ; [ τὰς σπονδὰς] ηὗρε κατειλημμένας he found the treaty concluded, Th.5.21 codd.4 compel, constrain one to do, c. inf., ἀναγκαίη μιν κ. φαίνειν forces him to bring out the truth, Hdt.3.75:—[voice] Pass., ἀναγκαίῃ καταλαμβανόμενος being constrained, Id.2.65, cf. Th.7.57.5 convict, condemn, Antipho 2.4.11; opp. ἀπολύειν, Id.4.4.9;ἐὰν καταληφθεὶς ἀποθάνω Id.2.2.9
, cf. IG12(2).526A20 (Eresus, iv B. C.); of the prosecutor, secure a conviction, Rev.Phil.1928.192 (Erythrae, v B. C.); (Teos, ii B. C.), etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταλαμβάνω
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14 οὑσία
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `being, property, one's own, existence, reality, substance' (Att.; on the meaning Hirzel Phil. 72, 42ff.);Compounds: Often w. prefix (from ἄπ-ειμι etc.), e.g. ἀπ-, ἐξ-, μετ-, παρ-, συν-ουσία, - ίη (mostly Att.). Compp. ἐξ-ούσιος `bereft of property' (Ph.), ὑπερ-, μετ-ούσιος `above resp. below being' (Them., Arist.-comm. a.o.).Derivatives: οὑσ-ί̄διον n. `small property', - ιότης f. `nature'; - ιώδης `substantial, real' (Epicur.), - ιακός `belonging to property'; συν-, ἐξ-ουσιάζω `to be together' esp. `to have power' (since IVa; οὑσιάζω only PMag. Lond.), from which a.o. συνουσι-αστής m. (Pl., X.), - αστικός (Ar.); οὑσι-όω, - όομαι `to be(come) provided with substance', συν- οὑσία `to be connected to something' with ( συν-) - ωσις (late).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [340] *h₁s-n̥t- `being'Etymology: Abstractformation in - ία from ptc. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν (cf. γερουσία: γέρων); after it Dor. ὠσία, also ἐσσία, to Dor. Aeol. f. ἔσσα, pl. ἔντες (Pl. Kra. 40 1c); further Chantraine Form. 117; s. also ἐστώ.Page in Frisk: 2,449Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὑσία
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15 ἀλλά
+ С 86-109-97-101-194=587 Gn 15,4; 17,5.15; 18,15; 19,2but 2 Chr 1,4; but, surely, certainly Jb 32,8; but, except Nm 10,30; but, yet 1 Sm 15,30; come on (with imper.) 1 Mc 10,56ἀλλ’ ἤ but, except Is 42,19(bis); ὅτι ἀλλ᾽ ἤ nevertheless, only 2 Chr 19,3; but (only) 2 Chr 28,22(21); but, except Est 5,12; οὐχί, ὅτι ἀλλά no, but, not only, but 2 Sm 24,24 -
16 συμπαραγίνομαι
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17 νέομαι
νέομαι, [var] contr. [full] νεῦμαι, Il.18.136: [full] νείομαι v.l. in 23.76; 2 and [ per.] 3sg. [var] contr. νεῖαι, νεῖται, Od.11.114, 14.152, etc.; [ per.] 1pl.Aνεύμεθα Theoc.18.56
, A.R.2.1153; [ per.] 2pl.νέεσθε Id.3.306
, ; imper.νεῖο AP7.472b
(Leon.); subj. [ per.] 2sg.νέηαι Il.1.32
; [ per.] 1pl.νεώμεθα 2.236
; opt.νεοίμην 14.335
; inf.νέεσθαι 2.84
, al., [var] contr.νεῖσθαι Od.15.88
, Pi.P. 4.247, S.Ant.33; part. (lyr.),νεύμενος Call.Hec.1.1.6
, AP9.96 (Antip. Thess.): [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.νεόμην Theoc.25.207
,νέοντο Il.5.907
:—go or come (mostly with [tense] fut. sense, to which the inf. is the most freq. exception), πάλιν ν. go back, freq. return,πάλιν οἶκόνδε ν. Il. 6.189
, Od.6.110;οὐ νέοντ' ἄνευ στεφάνων Pi.N.4.77
; in Hom. always of persons, exc.ποταμοὺς δ' ἔτρεψε νέεσθαι κὰρ ῥόον Il.12.32
;ἄνεμοι.. ἔβαν οἶκόνδε νέεσθαι 23.229
: metaph., of the path of song,μακρά μοι νεῖσθαι κατ' ἀμαξιτόν Pi.P.4.247
:—Constr.: mostly folld. by εἰς, πρός, ἐπί c. acc.,ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν Il.18.101
;πρὸς δῶμα 14.335
;ἐφ' ἡμέτερα Od.15.88
; also by ὑπό c. acc.,ὑπὸ ζόφον Il.23.51
; by ἐπί c. dat., 22.392: c. acc. only, 7.335.—[dialect] Ep. Verb, rare in Trag. (v. supr.): once in early Prose, dub. l. in X.Cyr.4.1.11: in late Prose, Dam.Pr.81.—The [voice] Act. forms , [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] fut.νησοῦντι Sophr.101
, are corrupt. (From νες-ομαι, cf. νόστος, Skt. násate 'take as companion'.) -
18 ἐφομαρτέω
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐφομαρτέω
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19 κέλευσμα
κέλευσμα, ατος, τό (s. κελεύω; a summons to carry out a procedure, e.g. battle engagement, rowing, hunting: Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; Sb 4279, 3 [I A.D.]; Pr 30:27; TestSol 6:6 P; GrBar ins [κελεύματι]; Philo, Abr. 116; Jos., Ant. 17, 140; 199; on the spelling s. B-D-F §70, 3) signal, (cry of) command (Hdt. 4, 141 of a signal for engagement in battle) ὁ κύριος ἐν κ. καταβήσεται the Lord will come down with a cry of command = when the command is given 1 Th 4:16 (cp. on the κέλευσμα of God, Galen XIX 179 K. τοῦ δημιουργοῦ; Philo, Praem. 117 and Descensus Mariae in Rtzst., Poim. 5, 3).—DELG s.v. κελεύω. TW. -
20 συντυγχάνω
συντυγχάνω 2 aor. συνέτυχον (Trag. et al.; ins, pap; 2 Macc 8:14; TestSol 10:11 C; TestJob, EpArist; Joseph.) to come together with, meet, join (Trag., Hdt. et al.; TestJob 6:5; Jos., Ant. 1, 219; 15, 187; pap) Lk 8:19; Ox 840, 11. Without the dat., which is to be supplied Ac 11:26 D.—M-M.
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