bŏrĕas

Călăis, is (acc to Prcb. Cath 1, 40, p. 1462 P.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 143; voc. Calai, Serv. ad Verg. A. 3, 213), m., = Kalaïs, the winged son of Boreas and Orithyia, and brother of Zetes, with whom he accompanied the Argonauts, Ov. M. 6, 716; Hyg. Fab. 14; 19; Val. Fl. 4, 465 sq.; Serv. ad Verg. A. 10, 350; Prop. 1, 20, 26.—

The name of a youth, Hor. C. 3, 9, 14.

Chĭŏnē, ēs, f., = Chionê.

A daughter of Dœdation, mother of Autolycus by Mercury, and of the musician Philammon by Apollo, shot by Diana, Ov. M. 11, 301 sq.; Hyg. Fab. 200.—

A daughter of Boreas and Orithyia, and mother of Eumolpus; hence Chīŏnĭdes, ae, = Eumolpus, Ov. P. 3, 3, 41 dub. (Merkel, Edonides).

Chĭŏnē, ēs, f., = Chionê.

A daughter of Dœdation, mother of Autolycus by Mercury, and of the musician Philammon by Apollo, shot by Diana, Ov. M. 11, 301 sq.; Hyg. Fab. 200.—

A daughter of Boreas and Orithyia, and mother of Eumolpus; hence Chīŏnĭdes, ae, = Eumolpus, Ov. P. 3, 3, 41 dub. (Merkel, Edonides).

ē-gĕlĭdus, a, um, adj.

( Ex priv. as in effrenare.) Not cold; lukewarm, tepid ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

potio et frigidae propior,

Cels. 4, 18 fin.; cf.

aqua (opp. frigida),

id. 6, 18; cf. Suet. Aug. 82:

tepores,

Cat. 46, 1; cf.

ver (with mollissimus annus), Col. poët. 10, 282: hiemes,

Aus. Ep. 24, 97:

Notus (opp. gelidus Boreas),

Ov. Am. 2, 11, 10:

Mosella,

Aus. Ep. 2, 4.—

( Ex intensive, as in edurus, efferus, etc.) Chilly, chill, cold:

flumen,

Verg. A. 8, 610;

Forbig. ad loc. (Rib. ecgelido): Hister,

Aus. Caes. 21, 1:

aquae,

Plin. 31, 2, 6, § 10: exhalatio, App. de Mundo, 8.

gĕlĭdus, a, um (archaic gen. fem. sing. gelidaï

aquaï,

Lucr. 3, 693), adj. [gelu], icy cold, very cold, icy, frosty (a higher degree than frigidus; cf. also: algidus, rigidus, glacialis).

Lit.:

(Fibrenus) statim praecipitat in Lirem... eumque multo gelidiorem facit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

aqua,

Lucr. 3, 693:

aquam gelidam bibere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf.:

gelidissimae aquae,

Plin. 31, 2, 6, § 10:

fontium gelidae perennitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

fluvii,

Lucr. 6, 1172:

nives,

id. 6, 107:

pruina,

id. 2, 431; 515; Verg. G. 2, 263:

loca gelida propinquitate Tauri montis,

Liv. 38, 27, 9:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 30:

valles,

Verg. G. 2, 488:

rupes,

id. A. 8, 343:

Haemus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 6:

Algidus,

id. ib. 1, 21, 6: Scythes, id. ib. 4, 5, 25:

saxum,

Lucr. 3, 892:

umbrae frigoris,

id. 5, 641:

nox,

Verg. G. 1, 287; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

aether,

Verg. A. 8, 28:

December,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 3:

foci,

i. e. never kindled, id. F. 3, 28:

tyrannus (i. e. Boreas),

id. M. 6, 711.—

Subst.: gĕlĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), water cold as ice (like frigida; cf.

calida or calda, warm water): foribusque repulsum Perfundit gelida,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 91: calidae gelidaeque minister; Juv. 5, 63.—

In partic., icy cold, cold, stiff with death, old age, or fright ( poet., like frigidus):

(Niobe) corporibus gelidis incumbit,

Ov. M. 6, 277:

artus,

id. ib. 4, 247;

6, 249: vultus,

id. ib. 4, 141:

gelidus tardante senecta Sanguis hebet,

Verg. A. 5, 395:

et gelidum subito frigore pectus erat,

Ov. F. 1, 98; so,

pavidus gelidusque,

id. M. 3, 688; cf. id. ib. 10, 423.—Hence also transf., of death, fright, etc.:

gelidi vestigia leti,

Lucr. 3, 530:

mors,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; Ov. M. 15, 153:

metus,

id. H. 11, 82; cf.

formido,

id. M. 2, 200:

horror,

id. H. 16, 67:

terror,

id. M. 3, 100:

tremor,

Verg. A. 2, 120:

pallor,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 11.— Adv.: gĕlĭde (like frigide, I.), coldly, faintly, indolently, psuchrôs:

quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat,

Hor. A. P. 171.

gĕlĭdus, a, um (archaic gen. fem. sing. gelidaï

aquaï,

Lucr. 3, 693), adj. [gelu], icy cold, very cold, icy, frosty (a higher degree than frigidus; cf. also: algidus, rigidus, glacialis).

Lit.:

(Fibrenus) statim praecipitat in Lirem... eumque multo gelidiorem facit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

caelum est hieme frigidum et gelidum,

cold and frosty, Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 4:

aqua,

Lucr. 3, 693:

aquam gelidam bibere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 31; cf.:

gelidissimae aquae,

Plin. 31, 2, 6, § 10:

fontium gelidae perennitates,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 98:

fluvii,

Lucr. 6, 1172:

nives,

id. 6, 107:

pruina,

id. 2, 431; 515; Verg. G. 2, 263:

loca gelida propinquitate Tauri montis,

Liv. 38, 27, 9:

nemus,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 30:

valles,

Verg. G. 2, 488:

rupes,

id. A. 8, 343:

Haemus,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 6:

Algidus,

id. ib. 1, 21, 6: Scythes, id. ib. 4, 5, 25:

saxum,

Lucr. 3, 892:

umbrae frigoris,

id. 5, 641:

nox,

Verg. G. 1, 287; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 169:

aether,

Verg. A. 8, 28:

December,

Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 3:

foci,

i. e. never kindled, id. F. 3, 28:

tyrannus (i. e. Boreas),

id. M. 6, 711.—

Subst.: gĕlĭda, ae, f. (sc. aqua), water cold as ice (like frigida; cf.

calida or calda, warm water): foribusque repulsum Perfundit gelida,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 91: calidae gelidaeque minister; Juv. 5, 63.—

In partic., icy cold, cold, stiff with death, old age, or fright ( poet., like frigidus):

(Niobe) corporibus gelidis incumbit,

Ov. M. 6, 277:

artus,

id. ib. 4, 247;

6, 249: vultus,

id. ib. 4, 141:

gelidus tardante senecta Sanguis hebet,

Verg. A. 5, 395:

et gelidum subito frigore pectus erat,

Ov. F. 1, 98; so,

pavidus gelidusque,

id. M. 3, 688; cf. id. ib. 10, 423.—Hence also transf., of death, fright, etc.:

gelidi vestigia leti,

Lucr. 3, 530:

mors,

Hor. C. 2, 8, 11; Ov. M. 15, 153:

metus,

id. H. 11, 82; cf.

formido,

id. M. 2, 200:

horror,

id. H. 16, 67:

terror,

id. M. 3, 100:

tremor,

Verg. A. 2, 120:

pallor,

Ov. Tr. 1, 4, 11.— Adv.: gĕlĭde (like frigide, I.), coldly, faintly, indolently, psuchrôs:

quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat,

Hor. A. P. 171.

Hĕcăergē, ēs, f.,=Hekaergê.

The name of Diana, Serv. ad Verg. A. 11, 532.—

One of the daughters of Boreas, Claud. Laud. Stil. 3, 253 and 308.

horrĭdus, a, um, adj. [horreo], standing on end, sticking out, rough, shaggy, bristly, prickly:

non hac barbula, qua ista delectatur, sed illa horrida, quam in statuis antiquis et imaginibus videmus,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

caesaries,

Ov. M. 10, 139:

pluma,

id. Am. 2, 6, 5:

apes horridi pili,

Col. 9, 3, 1; cf.:

apes horridae aspectu,

Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 59:

sus,

Verg. G. 4, 407; cf.:

videar tibi amarior herbis, Horridior rusco,

id. E. 7, 42:

densis hastilibus horrida myrtus,

id. A. 3, 23; cf.:

arbor spinis,

Plin. 12, 15, 34, § 67:

horrida siccae silva comae,

Juv. 9, 12. —

Transf., in gen., rough, rude, rugged, wild, savage, horrid.

Lit.:

horrida signis chlamys,

Val. Fl. 5, 558 (for which:

aspera signis pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

membra videres Horrida paedore,

Lucr. 6, 1269:

pecudis jecur horridum et exile,

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30:

horrida villosa corpora veste tegant,

Tib. 2, 3, 75:

pastor,

Ov. M. 1, 514:

Ilia cultu,

id. Am. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

Acestes in jaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae,

Verg. A. 5, 37:

Silvanus,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 22: Africa terribili tremit horrida terra tumultu, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 153 Müll. (Ann. v. 311 Vahl.); cf.:

Aetnensis ager et campus Leontinus sic erat deformis atque horridus, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47 fin.:

horridior locus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 83:

silva fuit, late dumis atque ilice nigra Horrida,

Verg. A. 9, 382:

sedes Taenari,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10:

argumenta, velut horrida et confragosa, vitantes,

Quint. 5, 8, 1:

inde senilis Hiems tremulo venit horrida passu,

Ov. M. 15, 212; cf.:

cum Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

Verg. A. 9, 670:

bruma,

id. G. 3, 442:

December,

Mart. 7, 36, 5:

stiria,

Verg. G. 3, 366:

grando,

id. ib. 1, 449:

tempestas,

Hor. Epod. 13, 1; Varr. ap. Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 349:

fluctus,

Hor. Epod. 10, 3; cf.:

aequora,

id. C. 3, 24, 40.— Poet.: si premerem ventosas horridus Alpes, qs. enveloped in horror, shuddering, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 19.—Of taste:

sapor,

harsh, raw, Plin. 34, 13, 33, § 129; cf. id. 13, 4, 9, § 43:

ruta silvestris horrida ad effectum est,

id. 20, 13, 61, § 131: (litterae) succedunt tristes et horridae... in hoc ipso frangit multo fit horridior (littera sexta nostrarum), Quint. 12, 10, 28 sq. —

Esp., with dishevelled hair:

si magna Asturici cecidit domus, horrida mater,

Juv. 3, 212:

paelex,

id. 2, 57.—

Trop.

Rough in character or manners, rude, blunt, stern, unpolished, uncouth:

huncine hominem te amplexari tam horridum,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 41:

ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

vir paulo horridior et durior,

Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 5: spernitur orator bonus, horridus miles amatur, Enn. ap. Cic. Mur. 14, 30 (Ann. v. 273 Vahl.):

non ille, quamquam Socraticis madet Sermonibus, te negliget horridus,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 10:

fidens juventus horrida bracchiis,

id. ib. 3, 4, 50:

Germania,

id. ib. 4, 5, 26:

gens,

Verg. A. 7, 746:

horridus irā (Boreas), etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 685:

vita,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

virtus,

Sil. 11, 205; Stat. Th. 5, 172:

aspera, tristi, horrida oratione,

Cic. Or. 5, 20; cf.:

horridiora verba,

id. Brut. 17, 68:

sermo,

Quint. 9, 4, 3:

quaedam genera dicendi horridiora,

id. 12, 10, 10:

numerus Saturnius,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 157:

ita de horridis rebus nitida est oratio tua,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 51:

(antiquorum imitatores) fient horridi atque jejuni,

Quint. 2, 5, 21.—

With the predominating idea of an effect produced, causing tremor or horror, terrible, frightful, horrid (rare, and mostly poet. for the class. horribilis): horridiore aspectu esse, * Caes. B. G. 5, 14, 2; cf. in a Greek construction with an inf.:

et desit si larga Ceres, tunc horrida cerni,

Luc. 3, 347:

turba horrida aspici,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 19:

vis horrida teli,

Lucr. 3, 170:

acies,

Verg. A. 10, 408:

castra,

id. E. 10, 23:

proelia,

id. G. 2, 282:

arma,

Ov. M. 1, 126:

virga (mortis),

Hor. C. 1, 24, 16:

fata,

Verg. A. 11, 96:

jussa,

id. ib. 4, 378:

paupertas,

Lucr. 6, 1282:

aquilae ac signa, pulverulenta illa et cuspidibus horrida,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23.— Hence, adv.: horrĭdē (acc. to II. B.), roughly, savagely, severely, sternly:

vixit semper inculte atque horride,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

horride inculteque dicere,

id. Or. 9, 28; cf. Quint. 10, 2, 17:

ornamentis utetur horridius,

Cic. Or. 25, 86: alloqui mitius aut horridius. Tac. H. 1, 82.

in-dūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n., to make hard, to harden ( poet. and post-Aug.).

Lit.:

nivem Indurat Boreas,

Ov. Tr. 3, 9, 14:

sues indurantes attritu arborum costas,

Plin. 8, 52, 78, § 212.—

Trop., to harden, steel:

indurandus est animus,

Sen. Ep. 51:

adversus omnia, quae accidere possunt,

id. ib. 4:

frontem,

to render shameless, id. Ben. 7, 28.—

Neutr., to become hard, harden:

quae (creta) si induraverit,

Veg. 3, 82, 2.— Hence, indūrā-tus, a, um, P. a., hardened.

Lit.:

robora indurata flammis,

Stat. Th. 4, 64.—

Trop.:

induratus praeter spem resistendo hostium timor,

Liv. 30, 18, 3:

Germanis quid induratius ad omnem patientiam?

Sen. Ira, 1, 11. [p. 939]

in-verto, verti, versum, 3, v. a., to turn upside down, turn about, to upset, invert (class.).

Lit.:

pingue solum Fortes invertant tauri,

to turn up, plough up, Verg. G. 1, 64:

campum,

id. ib. 3, 161:

Boreas invertit ornos,

upturns, overthrows, Luc. 6, 390:

vinaria,

to upset, empty, Hor. S. 2, 8, 39:

mare,

i. e. disturbed, rough, id. Epod. 10, 5:

alveos navium inversos pro tuguriis habere,

Sall. J. 18, 5:

adeo vehementer talum inverti, ut minimum affuerim quin articulum defregerim,

dislocated, App. Flor. 3, p. 134, 3:

si polypus invertatur,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

invertere se,

to turn over, id. 32, 2, 5, § 13:

cum in locum anulum inverterat,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 38. —

Esp., to dip, dye:

albentes lanas,

Sil. 16, 568.—

Trop., to invert, transpose; to change. alter; to pervert; to exchange:

ut cum semel dictum sit directe, invertatur ordo, et idem quasi sursum versus retroque dicatur,

Cic. Part. 7, 24: quae in vulgus edita ejus verbis, invertere supersedeo, to alter, give in another form, Tac. A. 15, 63:

virtutes,

to alter, misrepresent, Hor. S. 1, 3, 55:

lanas,

to dye, color, Sil. 16, 569:

Vertumnus Deus invertendarum rerum est,

i. e. of barter, trade, Ascon. ad Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154. —

Esp. of words, to pervert, misapply, use ironically (cf. inversio, I.):

invertuntur verba, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262.—Hence, inversus, a, um, P. a., turned upside down, inverted.

Lit.:

vomer inversus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 63:

carinae,

Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 15:

manus (opp. supina),

id. 12, 25, 54, § 121:

charta,

Mart. 4, 87, 11:

submovere Euros Pellibus inversis,

turned inside out, Juv. 14, 187.—

Trop., inverted, perverted: annus, inverted, brought back to its beginning, i. e. completed, ended, Hor. S. 1, 1, 36:

pro curia, inversique mores!

perverted, corrupt, id. C. 3, 5, 7:

consuetudo,

Quint. 3, 9, 9:

verba,

perverted from their proper meanings, ambiguous, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 131; so,

too, verba,

dark, obscure, Lucr. 1, 642. — Neutr. sing. as adv.: inversum, upside down:

surculis inversum superpositis,

Sol. 8.

ninguĭdus, a, um, adj. [ninguis], full of snow, snowy (post-class.):

juga,

Aus. Ep. 24, 68:

oppida,

id. ib. 24, 124:

Boreas,

Prud. Apophth. 729.—

Transf., falling like snow:

cibus,

i. e. manna, Prud. Cath. 5, 97.

Ōrīthyīa (quadrisyl.), ae, f., = Ôreithuia, a female proper name.

A daughter of Erechtheus, king of Athens; who became by Boreas the mother of Calaïs and Zetes, Ov. M. 6, 683; Verg. G. 4, 463; id. A. 12, 83; Sil. 8, 5, 16; Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3.—

A queen of the Amazons, Just. 2, 4, 17.

palla, ae, f. [kindred with pellis; cf. Doed. Syn. 5, p. 211], a long and wide upper garment of the Roman ladies, held together by brooches, a robe, mantle (cf.:

stola, peplum, chlamys),

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 35; id. Men. 1, 2, 21; 56; id. Truc. 5, 54; Hor. S. 1, 2, 99; id. Epod. 5, 65:

pro longae tegmine pallae Tigridis exuviae per dorsum a vertice pendent,

Verg. A. 11, 576:

palla superba,

Ov. Am. 3, 13, 26:

obscura,

Mart. 11, 104, 7:

scissā pallā,

Juv. 10, 262; cf. Becker, Gall. 3, p. 144 (2d edit.).—

Transf.

In the poets also of a garment worn by men, e. g. of the dress of a tragic actor:

personae pallaeque repertor honestae Aeschylus,

Hor. A. P. 278; Ov. Am. 2, 18, 15; 3, 1, 12; of the cithara-player Arion, id. F. 2, 107; of Phœbus, id. M. 11, 166; id. Am. 1, 8, 59; Tib. 3, 4, 35; of Boreas, Ov. M. 6, 705; of Mercury, Stat. Th. 7, 39; of Osiris, Tib. 1, 8, 47; of Bacchus, Stat. Ach. 1, 262; of Jason, Val. Fl. 3, 718.—

An under-garment:

citharoedus palla inaurata indutus,

Auct. Her. 4, 47, 60:

pallamque induta rigentem insuper aurato circumvelatur amictu,

Ov. M. 14, 262; Val. Fl. 3, 525:

Gallica,

Mart. 1, 93, 8; Stat. Th. 7, 39; App. Flor. 15.—

A curtain: peripetasma, velum, palla, Gloss. Philox.:

cum inter dicentes et audientem palla interesset,

Sen. Ira, 3, 22, 2.

plango, nxi, nctum, 3, v. a. [from the root PLAG, plêssô; cf. Lat. plāga], to strike, beat, esp. with a noise.

In gen. ( poet.; cf.

plaudo): fluctus plangentes saxa,

Lucr. 2, 1155; 6, 115:

moribundo vertice terram,

Ov. M. 12, 118:

humum,

id. H. 16, 334:

quanto planguntur litora fluctu!

id. ib. 19, 121:

tympana palmis,

Cat. 64, 261:

nunc (Boreas) ipsas alis planget stridentibus Alpes,

Sil. 1, 588.— Pass., of a bird when caught:

plangitur,

beats with its wings, Ov. M. 11, 75.—

In partic., to beat the breast, head, etc., as a sign of grief (class.):

qui multis inspectantibus caput feriebas, femina plangebas, Cic. aer. alien. Mil. Fragm. 2, 4 (t. 11, p. 32 B. and K.): laniataque pectora plangens,

Ov. M. 6, 248:

femur maerenti dextrā,

id. ib. 11, 81:

lacertos,

id. ib. 9, 636:

pectus,

Petr. 111.— Pass. (= koptesthai):

scissaeque capillos Planguntur matres Calydonides Eveninae,

beat themselves for agony, Ov. M. 8, 526.—

Transf., to lament aloud, wring the hands; with aliquem or aliquid, to bewail a person or thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

planxere sorores Naïdes... Planxere et Dryades: plangentibus absonat Echo,

Ov. M. 3, 505:

ab omni plangitur arce,

Stat. Th. 11, 417:

plangentia agmina,

Verg. A. 11, 145:

plangentium gemitus,

Just. 19, 2 fin.:

modo Sporum hortabatur ut lamentari ac plangere inciperet,

Suet. Ner. 49; id. Oth. 8:

plangentis populi derisor,

Juv. 6, 534.—With an object:

tendit palmas, ceu sit planctura relictam Andromedam,

Caes. Germ. Arat. 198; Val. Fl. 3, 297:

Memphiten bovem (i. e. Apim),

Tib. 1, 8, 27 (7, 28):

damna,

Stat. Th. 11, 117:

malum,

Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 159; Vulg. Judic. 11, 37.— Pass.:

virtutes quas neque lugeri neque plangi fas est,

Tac. Agr. 46:

majore tumultu Planguntur nummi quam funera,

Juv. 13, 131.

praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].

Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):

praecipitem trahi,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:

aliquem praecipitem deicere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

praeceps ad terram datus,

dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:

praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,

Ov. M. 12, 128:

hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,

threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:

aliquem in praeceps jacere,

headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,

jacto in praeceps corpore,

id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:

in praeceps deferri,

Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:

abiit grex per praeceps in mare,

Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:

de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,

Cat. 17, 9:

se jacere praecipitem e vertice,

id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:

ab equo praeceps decidit,

Ov. Ib. 259:

(apes) praecipites Cadunt,

Verg. G. 4, 80:

aliquem praecipitem agere,

to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:

praecipites se fugae mandabant,

Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,

Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:

praeceps amensque cucurri,

Ov. M. 7, 844:

praeceps Fertur,

is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:

nuntii,

Tac. H. 2, 6.—

Transf., of inanim. things.

Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:

in declivi ac praecipiti loco,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

via (opp. plana),

Cic. Fl. 42, 105:

saxa,

Liv. 38, 23:

fossae,

Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:

iter,

Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.

trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

loci,

Col. 1, 2:

mons,

Plin. Pan. 16.—

Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:

turrim in praecipiti stantem,

Verg. A. 2, 460:

specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,

Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

in praeceps pervenitur,

Vell. 2, 3, 4:

immane,

Juv. 10, 107:

altissimum,

App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:

in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,

Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—

Sinking, declining:

(in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,

Col. 5, 6, 33:

sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,

Verg. G. 3, 359:

jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,

Liv. 10, 42:

dies,

id. 4, 9; cf.:

senectus,

Curt. 6, 5, 3. —

In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;

syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:

Boreas,

Ov. M. 2, 185:

nox,

fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:

procella,

Stat. Th. 5, 419:

oceani fragor,

Val. Fl. 3, 404:

letum,

Sen. Hippol. 262:

remedium,

Curt. 3, 6, 2.—

Trop., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate.

In gen. (class.):

noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:

sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,

almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,

to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:

quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,

am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:

praeceps celeritas dicendi,

Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:

SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,

sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—

In partic.

Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:

homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,

Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:

praeceps consilium et immaturum,

Suet. Aug. 8:

cogitatio,

id. Calig. 48:

audacia,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—

Inclined to any thing:

praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,

Liv. 26, 38:

praeceps ingenio in iram,

id. 23, 7:

animus ad flagitia praeceps,

Tac. A. 16, 21.—

Dangerous, hazardous, critical:

in tam praecipiti tempore,

Ov. F. 2, 400.—Hence,

Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.

Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:

se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,

brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:

levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:

aeger est in praecipiti,

Cels. 2, 6.—

The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):

omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,

at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:

debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,

to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.

Lit.:

aliquem praeceps trahere,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:

moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,

Tac. A. 4, 62:

toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,

Verg. A. 4, 253.—

Trop.:

eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,

brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:

praeceps in exsilium acti,

suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21.

praepĕs, ĕtis, adj. [prae-peto].

Lit.

Flying swiftly, swift of flight, nimble, fleet, quick, rapid, etc. ( poet.; syn.: velox, pernix, levis): praepes Laeva volavit avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 108 (Ann. v. 94 Vahl.):

praepetibus pinnis ausus se credere caelo,

Verg. A. 6, 15:

Boreas,

Val. Fl. 1, 578:

volatus,

Plin. 7, prooem. 1, § 4: ferrum, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. 437 Vahl.): Victoria, Cn. Matius ap. Gell. 6, 6:

praepeti evolare cursu,

Sen. Hippol. 1061:

dextra,

Aus. Ep. 146, 20:

notarum praepetum,

id. ib. 146, 1:

praepetes aves quidam dici aiunt, quia secundum auspicium faciant praetervolantes, alii quod aut ea, quae praepetamus, indicent, aut quod praetervolant: alii ex Graeco tractum putant, quod ante conspectum volent nostrum. Ceterum poëtae promiscue omnes aves ita appellant,

Fest. p. 205 Müll. —

In gen., winged:

quem praepes ab Ida Sublimem pedibus rapuit Jovis armiger uncis,

Verg. A. 5, 254:

tela praepetis dei, i. e. Cupidinis,

Ov. H. 8, 38.—

Subst.: praepĕs, ĕtis.

Fem., a bird, Ov. M. 13, 617:

Jovis, i. e. aquila,

id. ib. 4, 713;

14, 576: quae (columba), super ingenti circumdata praepetis umbrā, i. e. accipitris,

Val. Fl. 8, 32.—

In partic., a prophetic bird, from whose flight something favorable was predicted (cf.:

oscines, alites): praepetis omina pinnae,

Verg. A. 3, 361; cf. Liv. 7, 26: hanc ubi praepetibus pinnis lapsuque volantem Conspexit Marius augur, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 47, 106: (praepetes sunt, quae secundo auspicio ante eum volant, qui auspicatur. Praepetes aut superiora tenent, et praepetes vocantur; aut inferiora, et dicuntur inferae. Praepetes autem ideo, quia omnes aves priora petunt volantes: vel a Graeco petomai, id est volo, Serv.; cf. supra the passage from Fest.). —

Masc.:

Medusaeus,

Pegasus, Ov. M. 5, 257.—

Masc., of Perseus himself, Luc. 9, 662 and 688.—

Transf., lucky, propitious, fortunate (ante-class.): pulchrique loci, Enn. ap. Gell. 6, 6, 9 (Ann. v. 97 Vahl.):

portus,

id. 6, 6, 9, § 6 (Ann. v. 478 Vahl.).