austērus

austērus, a, um, adj. (auster, Scrib. Comp. 188; sup. austerrimus, Messala, Corv. Progen. Aug. 5), = austêros.

A.. Lit, of taste, harsh, sour, tart (not before the Aug. per.;

syn.: acer, acerbus, tristis, severus, molestus): vinum nigrum,

Cels. 3, 24:

austerior gustus,

Col. 12, 12, 2:

herba austero sapore,

Plin. 25, 5, 20, § 45:

vinum austerissimum,

Scrib. Comp. 142.—

Transf.

Of smell, pungent:

balsami sucus: odore austerus,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 120.—

Of color, deep, dark:

sunt autem colores austeri aut floridi,

Plin. 35, 6, 12, § 30.— Comp.:

(pictor) austerior colore et in austeritate jucundior,

Plin. 35, 11, 40, § 134.—

Trop.

Severe, rigid, strict, stern, austere (opp. mol lis, facilis, lenis;

scarcely before Cic.): illo austero more ac modo,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33; id. de Or. 3, 25, 98:

austerior et gravior esse potuisset,

id. Pis. 29, 71:

Nec gravis austeri poena cavenda viri,

Prop. 4, 13, 24:

homo austerus es,

Vulg. Luc. 19, 21; 19, 22.—Of discourse, severe, grave, serious:

ita sit noLis ornatus et suavis orator, ut suavitatem habeat austeram et solidam, non dulcem atque decoctam (the epithet borrowed from wine),

that he may have a severe and solid, not a luscious and effeminate sweetness, Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 103:

austera poëmata,

Hor. A. P. 342:

oratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 128 Spald.—Of style in statuary:

genus,

Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 66.—

As the opp. of kind, pleasant, severe, gloomy, sad, troublesome, hard, irksome (so first after the beginning of the Aug. per.):

labor,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 12:

Quaelibet austeras de me ferat urna tabellas,

Prop. 5, 11, 49:

aeger omnem austeram curationem recusans,

Plin. 24, 7, 28, § 43.— Adv.:

austērē, acc. to II., rigidly, austerely, severely: agit mecum austere et Stoice Cato, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— Comp.: cum aliquo austerius agere, * Vulg. 2 Macc. 14, 30.

* * *

strict, rigid, stern

tristis, e, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. trastas, frightened; and Lat. terreo], sad, sorrowful, mournful, dejected, melancholy, disconsolate, trist (syn.: maestus, severus, austerus, luctuosus).

In gen.:

maesti tristesque,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 18:

cum maestus errares, quaerere ex te, quid tristis esses,

Cic. Div. 1, 28, 59:

tristis et conturbatus,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:

tristis, demissus,

id. Mur. 21, 45:

sic tristes affatus amicos,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 24:

Sequanos tristes, capite demisso, terram intueri,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32:

numquam ego te tristiorem Vidi esse,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 55:

oderunt hilarem tristes, tristemque jocosi,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 89:

(faciet) hominem ex tristi lepidum et lenem,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 7:

quid tu tristis es?

id. ib. 2, 2, 6; id. Men. 5, 2, 27; 5, 2, 59:

quid es tam tristis?

Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 20:

malle se adulescentem tristem quam hilarem,

Sen. Ep. 36, 3:

tristis Erat et me maestum videbat,

Curt. 6, 11, 27; Sen. Tranq. 15, 4.—

Transf.

Of things associated with misfortune or suggestive of sadness, melancholy, saddening, unhappy:

ut tuum laetissimum diem cum tristissimo meo conferam,

Cic. Pis. 14, 33; cf.:

vel defensus tristibus temporibus vel ornatus secundis,

id. Fam. 15, 7:

esse vultu tristi,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 124:

tristissima exta,

Cic. Div. 2, 15, 36:

tristissimi exsilii solatium,

Liv. 5, 51, 1:

tristissimam exegimus noctem,

most miserable, Petr. 115:

sors,

unhappy, miserable, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

eventus,

Liv. 8, 24, 18:

Kalendae,

sad, dismal, Hor. S. 1, 3, 87:

Hyades,

id. C. 1, 3, 14:

Orion,

id. Epod. 10, 10:

bella,

id. A. P. 73:

clades,

id. C. 3, 3, 62:

morbus,

Verg. G. 4, 252:

fatum,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 29:

jus sepulcri,

Ov. M. 13, 472:

officium (exsequiarum),

id. ib. 12, 4:

funera,

Verg. G. 4, 256; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 74:

pars subiere feretro, Triste ministerium,

Verg. A. 6, 223:

Tartara,

id. ib. 4, 243:

Acheron,

Sil. 13, 571:

tristique palus inamabilis undā,

Verg. A. 6, 438; Hor. C. 2, 14, 8:

arbores,

gloomy, sombre, Plin. 16, 25, 40, § 95:

adspectus (arboris),

id. 13, 22, 40, § 120:

tristes et squalidi trunci,

Sen. Ep. 12, 1.—

Of taste:

quod triste et amarum est,

harsh, disagreeable, bitter, Lucr. 4, 634:

suci,

Verg. G. 2, 126:

lupinum,

id. ib. 1, 75:

absinthia,

Ov. P. 3, 1, 23; 3, 8, 15:

epulae,

Sil. 3, 281: sapor. Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 12:

pocula,

Tib. 1, 5, 50.—

Of smell, offensive, foul:

anhelitus oris,

Ov. A. A. 1, 521.—

As subst.: triste, is, n., a sad thing, etc. ( poet.):

triste lupus stabulis, maturis frugibus imbres, Arboribus venti,

a sad thing, a pest, bane, Verg. E. 3, 80:

interdum miscentur tristia laetis,

Ov. F. 6, 463; cf.:

nunc ego mitibus Mutare quaero tristia,

Hor. C. 1, 16, 26. Thus Ovid called his elegies that were written in exile Tristia.—

In partic.

Of behavior, etc., towards others.

Glum, gloomy, peevish, morose, ill-humored (syn.:

tetricus, severus, austerus): stultitia est, ei te esse tristem,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: eia, mea Juno, non decet te esse tam [p. 1902] tristem tuo Jovi, id. ib. 2, 3, 14: mihi erit tristior, Afran. ap. Non. 410, 2:

tristis amica ingrato viro,

Prop. 1, 6, 10:

puella,

id. 1, 10, 21:

navita tristis (Charon),

gloomy, sullen, Verg. A. 6, 315; so,

dii,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 103:

Erinys,

Verg. A. 2, 337:

sorores,

i. e. the Fates, Tib. 3, 3, 35; Sen. Tranq. 7, 6:

ursa,

Stat. Achill. 2, 409.—

Stern, harsh, severe:

judex tristis et integer,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 30; cf.:

cum tristibus severe, cum remissis jucunde vivere,

id. Cael. 6, 13.—

Transf., of things, gloomy, sad, melancholy, stern, harsh, etc.:

truculentis oculis, tristi fronte,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 21:

voltus,

id. Most. 3, 2, 124:

fronte gravi et tristi supercilio,

Plin. Pan. 41, 3: idem naturā tristiori paululo, Afran. ap. Non. 410, 2:

vultus severior et tristior,

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 289; cf.:

tristis severitas inest in vultu,

Ter. And. 5, 2, 16:

vita tristior,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 108:

triste et severum genus dicendi,

id. Brut. 30, 113; cf.:

sermo tristis (opp. jocosus),

Hor. S. 1, 10, 11: senectus, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 108, 29; cf.:

tristis et plenus dignitatis sonus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 2, 7:

perfert in judiciis tristem et impexam antiquitatem,

Tac. Or. 20.—Of languages, etc.:

tua tristia dicta,

Verg. A. 10, 612:

sententia,

Ov. M. 15, 43; Liv. 8, 21, 2:

responsum,

id. 9, 16, 3:

senatūs consultum,

id. 5, 6, 2.— Adv.: tristĕ, sadly, sorrowfully; harshly, severely:

salutantes,

Stat. Th. 4, 19:

triste et acutum resonare,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 41:

rigens frons,

Stat. S. 5, 1, 64.— Comp.:

flere tristius,

Prop. 2, 20 (3, 13), 2:

adulescentes gravius aegrotant, tristius curantur,

with more difficulty, Cic. Sen. 19, 67:

respondere tristius,

more harshly, id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.

* * *

auster, tri, m. [Sanscr. ush-, to burn; the burning, hot wind], the south wind (opp. aquilo, the north wind).

Lit.:

auster fulmine pollens,

Lucr. 5, 745:

validus,

id. 1, 899; Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 15:

vehemens,

Cic. Att. 16, 7:

turbidus,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 4: nubilus. [p. 210] Prop. 3, 8, 56: umidus, bringing or producing rain, Verg. G. 1, 462; so,

pluvius,

Ov. M. 1, 66:

frigidus,

Verg. G. 4, 261, and Prop. 3, 22, 16: hibernus. Tib. 1, 1, 47; Vulg. Cant. 4, 16; ib. Luc. 12, 25 et saep.—

Meton., the south country, the south:

in aquilonis austrive partibus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 22; so Varr. L. L. 9, § 25 Müll.; Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 43; Vulg. Exod. 26, 16; ib. Matt. 12, 42.

auster = austerus, q. v.

austērē, adv., v. austerus fin.

austērĭtas, ātis, f. [austerus] (perh. not before the Aug. period).

Lit.

Of taste, harshness, sourness (syn.:

acerbitas, tristitia, severitas),

Col. 11, 2, 68:

vini,

Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 24; 14, 6, 8, § 65:

caepae,

id. 19, 6, 32, § 105:

picis,

id. 14, 1, 3, § 17; Pall. 1, 35, 11; and in plur., id. 1, 35, 8.—

Of colors, darkness, dinginess, Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 97; 9, 38, 62, § 134; 35, 10, 36, § 97; 35, 11, 40, § 134.—

Trop., severity, austerity, rigor:

magistri,

Quint. 2, 2, 5:

qui a te hanc austeritatem exigo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 5:

cum austeritate imperare,

Vulg. Ezech. 34, 4:

ex bono esse austeritatem,

ib. 2 Macc. 14, 30.

săpor, ōris, m. [sapio, I.].

Lit., a taste, relish, flavor, savor (objectively of the taste inherent in a thing; whereas gustatus is used subjectively, of the taste experienced by him who eats or drinks;

class.),

Lucr. 2, 679; cf.: si quem forte inveneritis, qui aspernetur oculis pulchritudinem rerum, non odore ullo, non tactu, non sapore capiatur, excludat auribus omnem suavitatem, Cic. Cael. 17, 42:

ut mel, suo proprio genere saporis, dulce esse sentitur,

id. Fin. 3, 10, 34:

in os salsi venit umor saepe saporis,

Lucr. 4, 222; 2, 401:

asper in ore sapor (amelli),

Verg. G. 4, 277:

tardus,

id. ib. 2, 126:

asper maris,

Plin. 2, 100, 104, § 222:

vini,

id. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

asperrimus,

id. 14, 2, 4, § 22:

dulcis,

Hor. C. 3, 1, 19:

odoratus et jucundus,

Plin. 26, 8, 50, § 83:

austerus,

id. 25, 5, 20, § 45:

tristi poma sapore,

Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 12.—In plur., Lucr. 2, 430; 2, 504; Hor. S. 2, 4, 36; Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 174; 8, 51, 77, § 209; 15, 27, 32, § 106 al.—

Transf. ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose).

Subjectively for gustatus, a sense of taste, a taste which a person has of any thing:

an poterunt oculos aures reprehendere? an aures Tactus? an hunc porro tactum sapor arguet oris?... Seorsus sapor oris habet vim,

Lucr. 4, 487 sq.:

aliis aliud taetrius esset orisque sapori,

id. 2, 511.—

Concr. (mostly in the plur.), that which tastes good, a dainty, delicacy, Tib. 1, 7, 35; Verg. G. 4, 62; Plin. 9, 17, 29, § 63; 12, 1, 2, § 4.—In sing.:

et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem,

i.e. juice, Verg. G. 4, 267.—

A smell, scent, odor, Plin. 32, 10, 39, § 117.—

Trop.

Of style:

vernaculus,

i.e. taste, elegance, Cic. Brut. 46, 172; Arn. 3, p. 108:

Atticus,

Quint. 12, 10, 75; cf. id. 6, 4, 107:

sermo non publici saporis,

of uncommon elegance, Petr. 3, 1.—

Of conduct:

homo sine sapore,

without refinement, Cic. post Red. in Sen. 6, 14.