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21 αμαδίαστος
gülümsemeyen -
22 διαφθορά
διαφθορά, ᾶς, ἡ (s. διαφθείρω; Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; LXX, TestGad 8:2; JosAs 7:6; Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 259; Just., D. 134, 2 and Tat. 1:4 in moral sense) the condition or state of rotting or decaying, destruction, corruption of the body ἰδεῖν δ. (εἶδον 4) Ac 2:27, 31; 13:35ff (all Ps 15:10; s. JRegula, PM 15, 1911, 230–33; RMurphy, Šaḥat in the Qumran Lit., Biblica 39, ’58, 61–66); ὑποστρέφειν εἰς δ. return to decay (i.e. prob. the realm of the dead) vs. 34 (cp. ἐλθεῖν εἰς δ. Job 33:28; καταβαίνειν εἰς δ. Ps 29:10).—DELG s.v. φθείρω. TW. -
23 ανόητος
sot -
24 άρνηση
odmowa (f) rzecz. -
25 ασβεστόλιθος
vápenec -
26 ανατολικός
1) eastern2) orientalΕλληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > ανατολικός
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27 ἀποκεφαλίζω
Греческо-русский лексикон Нового Завета с номерами Стронга и греческой Симфонией > ἀποκεφαλίζω
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28 αποκεφαλίζω
Греческо-русский лексикон Нового Завета с номерами Стронга и греческой Симфонией > αποκεφαλίζω
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29 ἀνύω
ἀνύω ([etym.] ᾰνῠ), Il.4.56, Ar.Ra. 606, [dialect] Att. [full] ἀνύτω or [full] ἁνύτω Th.2.75, Pl.R. 486c, al.: [tense] impf.Aἤνυον Hdt.9.66
, E.Hec. 1167: [tense] fut. ἀνύσω [pron. full] [ῠ], S.Aj. 607, Ar.Ra. 649, [dialect] Ep.ἐξ-ανύω 11.11.365
: [tense] aor.ἤνῠσα Od.24.71
, A.Pers. 726, etc.; poet. ἥνυσσα ([dialect] Dor. ᾱν-) Pi.P.12.11, A.R.4.413, [dialect] Ep. ἄνυσσα [ᾰ] Hes.Th. 954, Maiist.57 ([etym.] ὑπ-): [tense] pf. :—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf.ἤνυσμαι Plb.8.29.1
, etc.,δι-ήνυσμαι X.Cyr.1.4.28
: [tense] aor.ἠνύσθην Plb.32.3.17
, D.Chr.3.127: [tense] fut.ἀνυσθήσομαι J.AJ1.19.1
, Ael.VH1.21:—[voice] Med.,ἀνύομαι Pi.P.2.49
, Bion Fr.4.6: [tense] impf. : [tense] fut. ἀνύσομαι (v. infr.): [tense] aor. , S.Tr. 995(lyr.), inf.ἀνύσασθαι X.An.7.7.24
(Valck.)—Non-thematic forms are found in poets: [tense] impf. [voice] Act. ἄνῠμες, [dialect] Dor. for ἤνυμεν, Theoc.7.10: [tense] pres. [voice] Pass.ἄνυται Opp.H.3.427
, Nic.Al. 599: [tense] impf. [voice] Pass.ἤνῠτο Od.5.243
(nisileg. ἤνετο); [dialect] Dor.ἄνῠτο Theoc.2.92
. [[pron. full] ῠ in all parts: hence ἀνῦσαι in Tryph.126, ἀνῡσάμενοι in AP10.12 should be written with σς: ἀνΰων is corrupt in Nonn.D.21.16]:—effect, accomplish,ἤνυτο δ' ἔρλον Od.5.243
(v. supr.), cf.A.Pers. 726, etc.; ; (lyr.);τοὔπος ὡς ἄρ' ὀρθὸν ἤνυσας Id.Ant. 1178
, cf. OC 454: abs., οὐδὲν ἤνυε he did no good, Hdt.9.66; εἴ τι ἔμελλεν ἀνύτειν whatever was like ly to forward the work, Th.2.75;σμικρὸν ἀνύτειν Pl.Sph. 230a
, al.;ἧσσον ἁνύτειν Th.2.76
;οὐδὲν ἤνυε τούτοις D.21.104
; ἀ. εἴς τι to conduce towards.., Pl.Ax. 369d: c. acc. et inf., Ἀπόλλων.. ἐκεῖνον ἤνυσε φονέα γενέσθαι brought it to pass that.., S.OT 720:—[voice] Med., accomplish for one's own advantage, ἀνύσσεσθαι τάδε ἔργα (if not in pass. sense, will be accomplished) Od.16.373, cf. Hp.Ep.27; θεός.. τέκμαρ ἀνύεται Pi.P.2.49, cf. Ar.Pl. 196, dub. in Pl.Phd. 69d.3 c. dupl. acc., make, cause to be, (lyr.), Nic.Al. 400.5 finish a journey, ὅσσον τε πανημερίη γλαφυρὴ νηῦς ἤνυσεν (sc. ὁδοῦ ) as much as a ship gets over in a day, Od.4.357; soπολλὴν κέλευθον ἤνυδεν A.Pers. 748
;πορείαν Onos.6.1
: c. acc. loci,ὄφρα τάχιστα νηῦς ἀνύσειε θαλάσσης.. ὕδωρ Od.15.294
, cf. Thgn.511, S.Ant. 231.6 in Trag. freq. abs. (sc. ὁδόν or κέλευθον), make one's way, win,πρὸς πόλιν Id.Tr. 657
(lyr.); ; also θάλαμον ἀνύτειν (i.e. εἰς θάλαμον) reach the bridal chamber, S.Ant. 805 (lyr.);ἀ. Ἅιδαν Id.Aj. 607
(lyr.), E.Supp. 1142 (lyr.): metaph., ζυγὰ ἤνυσε δούλια Τροία (s.v.l.) Id.Tr. 599 ( Τροίᾳ Sch.): rarely with inf. instead of acc., στρατὸς ἤνυσε περᾶν succeeded in crossing, A.Pers. 721: with Adj., come to be,εὐδαίμων ἀνύσει καὶ μέγας S.Ph. 720
(lyr.).7 in [voice] Pass. of Time, come to an end,χρόνος ἄνυτο Theoc. 2.92
, cf. Eus.Mynd.63.8 in [voice] Pass. of persons, grow up, ἠνυτόμαν τροφαῖς (lyr.) A.Ag. 1159.9 get, obtain,γαστρὶ φορβάν S.Ph. 711
(lyr.), cf. Theoc.5.144; τίνος χρείας ἀνύσαι; i.e.τίνος χρείας προσπίτνετε, ὥστε ἀνύσαι αὐτήν; S.OC 1755
:—[voice] Med., χρείαν ἠνύσασθε ye obtained it, A.Pr. 700, cf. Ch. 858, S.Tr. 995 (lyr.);τοῦτο ἐκ Μοιρέων ἠνύσατο AP7.506
(Leon.).II c. part., οὐκ ἀνύω φθονέουσα I gain nothing by grudging, Il.4.56.2 in Com., do quickly, make haste,οὐ μέλλειν.., ἀλλ' ἀνύειν Ar.Pl. 607
, cf. Ra. 606; οὐκ ἀνύσεις τι; make haste! ib. 649;ἀλλ' ἄνυσον, οὐ μέλλειν ἐχρῆν Fr. 102
: c. part., ἄνυε πράττων make haste about it, Pl. 413; ἄνυσον ὑποδησάμενος make haste and get your shoes on, V. 1168, cf. Av. 241;ἄνυσόν ποτ' ἐξελθών Pherecr.40
: more freq. in part. ἀνύσας, or ἀνύσας τι with a Verb, ἄνοιγ', ἄνοιγ' ἀνύσας make haste and open the door, Ar.Nu. 181; ; , cf. V. 202, 847, 1158, Pl. 648, 974;βοηθησάτω τις ἀνύσας Ach. 571
; ; , cf. 1253; . (The distinction of meaning ἀνύτω accomplish, make way, ἀνύω hasten, is doubtful, cf. AB411.—[dialect] Att. ἁνύω acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.541, Phryn.PSp.23B., cf.καθανύσαι X.HG 7.1.15
(Hsch.); but κατανύειν (q.v.) occurs in Trag., cf.ταῦτ' ἀνύσηται Ar.Pl. 196
.) (I.-E. sen-, [tense] pres. stem s[ngnull]neu-, cf. Skt. sanoti 'wins'.) -
30 ΑἹΡέω
ΑἹΡέω, fut. αἱρήσω, ἑλῶ Ar, Lys. 542, Antiphil. 15 ( Plan. 334) καϑελεῖ; aor. εἷλον, ἑλεῖν, ep. ἕλεσκον, Hom. Od. 14, 220, ἕλεσκε(ν) Iliad. 24, 752 Od. 8, 88; aor. I. ᾕρησα, ᾑρησάμην nur Sp. u. an wenigen Stellen sicher, s. Lob. zu Phryn. 716 vgl. ἐξαιρέω; perf. ᾕρηκα, ᾕρημαι, ion. ἀραίρηκα, ἀραίρημαι Her. 4, 66; aor. ᾑρέϑην; fut. med. αἱρήσομαι, ἀφελοῦμαι = ἀφαιρήσομαι Timostrat. com. bei B. A. 80; εἱλόμην, ἑλοίατο Od. 20, 117; εἱλἀμην nur Sp., wie Ep. ad. (App. 257) u. D. Sic.; ᾑρήσεται fut. exact. pass. Plat. Gorg. 338 b. – 1) Act., nehmen, fassen, χεῖρ' ἕλε δεξιτερήν Od. 1, 191, ἀμφοτέρων ἕλε χεῖρα 3, 37, χειρὸς ἑλόντ' ἀγέμεν Βρισηίδα Il. 1, 323, κόμης ἕλε Πηλείωνα 1, 197, κύσα γούναϑ' ἑλών Od. 14, 279, τῇ ἑτέρῃ μὲν ἑλὼν ἐλλίσσετο γούνων Il. 21, 71, δεξιτερὴν ἐπὶ καρπῷ ἑλὼν ἐμὲ χεῖρα προσηύδα Od. 18, 258, ἀλλά με κεῖνος ἑλὼν ἐπὶ μάστακα χερσὶν οὐκ ἔα εἰπέμεναι 23, 76, μέσσου δουρὸς ἑλών Il. 7, 56, ἕλκε δὲ δουρὸς ἑλών 16, 406; ἔνϑεν ἑλών, von dort beginnend, Od. 8, 500; τὴν δὲ προτὶ οἷ εἷλε Il. 21, 508 vgl. Od. 24, 348; ἀγκὰς ἑλεῖν Od. 7, 252 Il. 24, 227, ἑλεῖν ohne Zusatz = umarmen, Od. 11, 205; ὀδὰξ ἑλεῖν οὖδας Il. 11, 749, γαῖαν ἀγοστῷ 11, 425, ἔπαλξιν χερσί 12, 397, χαλκὸν ὀδοῠσιν 5, 75, χερσὶ δόρυ 15, 474; παρϑένον χερὶ χερὸς ἑλών Pind. P. 9, 216; ἐν χερσὶν ἑλεῖν Od. 12, 229 Theocr. 3, 41, μετὰ χερσὶν ἕλοντο Od. 8, 372; – καϑαρὰ χροῒ εἵμαϑ' ἑλοῠσα Od. 4, 750. – Häufig = fangen, in seine Gewalt bringen, von der Jagd sowohl, λέοντα ἐν βρόχοις Eur. Herc. Fur. 150, ἰχϑύν Theocr. 21, 49, als Menschen im Kampfe, ζωοὺς ἕλον πολλούς Il. 21, 102, ζῶντας Xen. An. 1, 6, 2. u. zwar in doppelter Beziehung, entweder das Einholen bezeichnend, neben παρελϑεῖν Il. 23, 345; Od. 8, 330, τοὺς φεύγοντας Lys. 2, 4, vgl. Il. 21, 555, Xen. Cyr. 4, 3, 17, od. mit dem Speere treffen, ἔγχεσιν ἑλεῖν Il. 17, 276, χαλκῷ 7, 77; ohne Zusatz = tödten Il. 15, 515. 16, 306, = gefangen nehmen 21, 77, Pferde erbeuten 17, 488; vgl. Soph. Phil. 435, wo der Schol. erklärt ἀναιρεῖν φαρμάκοις; Eur. Med. 389 Hec. 869; ähnlich πατρῷον αἷμα ταῖς ἐμαῖς χερσὶν ἑλεῖν Soph. O. C. 996; vgl. auch Xen. Cyr. 3, 4, 36. Daran reihen sich die beiden Bdign a) Einen über etwas ertappen, ἐπ' αὐτοφώρῳ, auf der That, Eur. Ion 1214; ἐπὶ κλοπῇ Plat. Legg. IX, 874 b; pass., ᾑρῆσϑαι κλοπεύς, als Betrüger erfunden worden sein, Soph. Ant. 493; mit dem partic., τήνδ' εἵλομεν ϑάπτουσαν 385; τινὰ κλέπτοντα Ar. Equ. 835, woran sich die gerichtlichen Ausdrücke reihen (vgl. διώκειν u. φεύγειν), τινά τινος, z. B. παρανοίας Aesch. 3, 156, Einen des Wahnsinnes überführen; Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 49; δώρων, der Bestechung, Ar. Nub. 582; οἱ δίκῃ καὶ ψήφῳ ἑλόντες Dem. 21, 11; δίκην, γραφὴν αἱρ εῖν, mit einer Klage durchdringen, 18, 3. 21, 181; Antiph. 2 α 5; Plut. Arat. 25; μή σε ψῆφος Ἀργείων ἕλῃ Eur. Or. 797; ἀγὼν ᾑρέϑη, der Kampf wurde gewonnen, Soph. O. C. 1148; auch von Sachen, τοῠτο ἐμὲ αἱρήσει, dies wird mich verurtheilen, Plat. Apol. 28 b; – b) mit Gründen überzeugen, für sich gewinnen, zunächst δελεάσμασί τινα ἑλεῖν Ar. Equ. 786; τὸν ἐρώμενον Plat. Lys. 205 e 206 a; ἄνϑρωπον Xen. Mem. 2, 3, 16; ὑπὸ χρημάτων αἱρεϑῆναι, bestochen werden, Plut. Cat. min. 18 u. öfter; οἱ λέγοντες αἱροὖσιν, sie überreden, Ael. H. A. 14, 13 V. H. 1, 25; ohne acc. oft bei Her., ὁ λόγος αἱρεῖ, die gesunde Vernunft kehrt, 2, 53; γνώμη 2, 43; ὅ τι ἂν ὁ λογισμὸς αἱρῇ, was die Rechnung ergiebt, erweif't, Aesch. 3, 59. Ebenso Plat. ὁ λόγος αἱρεῖ Phileb. 35 d Crit. 48 c, αἱροῠντος λόγου Rep. IV, 440 b, u. mit hinzugefügtem ἡμᾶς X, 607 b, u. ohne λόγος, χαλεπώτερον ἑλεῖν, ὡς, es ist schwerer zu erweisen, daß, Theaet. 179 c; auch öfter Plut., z. B. Sympos. 3, 4 τρίτον τοῠτο τὸ περὶ τὰς ταφὰς αἱρεῖ, ϑερμότερα τὰ ϑήλεα εἶναι. – Sehr gewöhnlich von Hom. an: im Kriegeerobern, einnehmen, πόλιν Iliad. 2, 37, νῆας 13, 42, πόλιν Aesch. Pers. 861; Her. 1, 162; Thuc. 2, 25 u. die Folgenden; νήσους Her. 3, 39; τὰ τόξα αἱρεῖ Τροίαν Soph. Phil. 113, χώραν Tr. 240; τοὺς Ἐρετριέας Plat. Legg. III, 698 d; τὸν βασιλέα, besiegen, Xen. Hell. 3, 5, 1; von Plut. Pomp. 65 verbunden mit καταπολεμῆσαι τὰς δυνάμεις. – Auch von Affectionen des Körpers und der Seele wird sehr häufig gesagt, daß sie die Menschen ergreifen, so ἵμερος αἱρεῖ τινα Iliad. 3, 446, πόϑος Od. 4, 596, τὴν δ' ἅμα χάρμα καὶ ἄλγος ἕλε φρένα Od. 19, 471, ἄχος Il. 13, 581, χόλος 4, 23, μένος 5, 136, ἄτη 16. 805, δέος 17, 67, τρόμος 19, 14, ϑάμβος Od. 3, 372, τάφος 21, 122, οἶκτος 2, 81, λήϑη Il. 2, 34, σκότος 16, 607, ὕπνος 10, 192, κοῖτος Od. 19, 515; ὕπνος Soph. Ant. 605; umgekehrt Thuc. ὕπνον αἱρεῖν, sich schlafen legen; ϑάμβος Ar. Av. 782; ἔρως Eur. Rhes. 856, οἶκτος El. 972, φϑόνος Or. 972; νόσημα Plat. Theaet. 142 b, wo der Schol. καταπονεῖ erkl., überwältigen. – Umgekehrt κῠδος, Ruhm erlangen, Il. 17, 321; στεφάνους Pind. P. 3, 133; τὰ Ἴσϑμια, den Sieg in den isthmischen Spielen, Simonid. – 2) Med., für sich nehmen, Od. 2, 357, Ὠρίων' ἕλετο ῥοδοδάκτυλος ἠώς Od. 5, 121 vgl. κακά νιν μοῖρα ἕλοιτο Soph. O. R. 885, εἰ γάρ πως εἴη αὐτάγρετα πάντα βροτοῖσιν, πρῶτόν κεν τοῠ πατρὸς ἑλοίμεϑα νόστιμον ἦμαρ Od. 16, 149, ὦ φίλοι, ἀνέρες ἔστε καὶ ἄλκιμον ἦτορ ἕλεσϑε Il. 5, 529; – σφαῖραν καλὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἕλοντο Od. 8, 372, εἵλετο δ' ἄλκιμον ἔγχος Il. 3, 338; in vielen Verbindungen gebraucht Hom. act. u. med. ohne Unterschied, so daß also in ihnen geradezu das med. für das act. steht; lehrreich z. B. Iliad. 15, 125, wo Athene dem Ares den Helm abnimmt, τοῦ' δ' ἀπὸ μὲν κεραλῆς κόρυϑ' εἵλ ε τ ο καὶ σάκος ὤμων, ἔγχος δ' ἔστησε στιβαρῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἑλοῠσα; – δαῖτα ἑλέσϑαι Od. 20, 117, δεῖπνον Iliad. 2, 399, δόρπον 18. 298, πιέειν δ' οὐκ εἶχεν ἑλέσϑαι Od. 11, 584; vgl. οἶνον ἑλεῖν Od. 21, 294; ἑλέσϑαι ἄριστον Her. 3, 26; σῖτον Thuc. 2, 75, u. öfter; δεῖπνον Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 13; ὕπνου δῶρον Il. 7, 482, ὕπνον Thuc. 2, 75; – erlangen, erreichen, empfangen, ἄσπετον ὦνον ἕλοιτο Od. 14, 297, μυρί' ἕλοντο 15, 367, vgl. λέβηϑ' ἕλε Il. 23, 613; – ἐπὶ ἴστορι πεῖραρ ἑλέσϑαι Il. 18, 501; – ἐμεῠ δ' ἕλετο μέγαν ὅρκον Od. 4. 746, er nahm mir einen Eid ab, Τρωσὶν γερούσιον ὅρκον ἕλωμαι = παρὰ τῶν Τρώων Iliad. 22, 119. – Sich für etwas entscheiden, wählen, Iliad. 16, 282 Πηλείωνα μηνιϑμὸν μὲν ἀπορρῖψαι, φιλότητα δ' ἑλέσϑαι; sich etwas auswählen, aussuchen, Illad. 9, 578 τέμενος ἑλέσϑαι, 139 γυναῖκας, 10, 235. 242 ἕταρον; – πόλεμον πρὸ εἰρήνης, den Krieg dem Frieden vorziehen, Her. 1, 87; πρὸ δέκα μνῶν Xen. Mem. 2, 5, 3; vgl. Plat. Rep. II, 366 b Crit. 52 b; bes. ἀντί τινος, z. B. ἀντὶ πάντων, es Allem vorziehen, Arist. Eth. Nic. 9, 8; Xen. An. 1, 7, 3; ἀντὶ τοῠ πολεμεῖν ἑλέσϑαι δουλεύειν Mem. 2, 1, 13; auch mit dem gen., noch häufiger μᾶλλον ἤ, Plat. Apol. 38 e Gorg. 469 c; Xen. Apol. 9, so daß μᾶλλον αἱρεῖσϑαι geradezu lieber wollen heißt, und ohne μᾶλλον Xen. Ages. 4, 5. Vgl. περὶ πλείονος τῆς πίστεως Dinarch. 3, 10; πῦρ ἱερὸν οὐκ ἄμεινον αἱρούμενοι ἑτέρου Plut. Symp. 7, 4, 3. – Daher geradezu wollen, σὺ οὖν πότερον αἱρεῖ Plat. Rep. I, 347 e; u. bes. wählen, στρατηγόν Her. 6, 67; Thuc. 8, 82; ἄρχοντα Xen. Cyr. 1, 5, 5, δικαστήν 2, 4, 8; ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν, zu dem Amte, Plat. Men. 90 b Legg. VII, 809 a 709; εἱλόμην ῥᾳϑυμεῖν Isocr. 4, 3; mit folgdm inf. Ar. Eccl. 2. 17; ἐκ τριῶν ἕν Soph. Tr. 747; τὰ τῶν Ἀϑηναίων, die Partei der Athener ergreifen, Thuc. 3, 63; Ἀϑηναίους 3, 56; ἄλλους Her. 1, 108; Κῠρον Xen. Hell. 3, 1, 3, u. Sp.; bes. einer philosophischen Sekte beitreten, τὰ Πλάτωνος Luc. Hermot. 85; αἱρεῖσϑαι γνώμην, eine Meinung billigen, annehmen, Her. 4, 137. 139; ᾐρηνται, sie haben gewählt, Xen. An. 5, 6, 12, ᾑρημένοι στρατηγόν Hell. 1, 4, 12; aber pass. ῂρημένος στρατηγός ib. 21 u. οἱ προστατεῖν αἱρούμενοι Men. bei Stob. flor. 45, 5.
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31 κεφαλικός
A of or for the head, of remedies, etc.,κ. ἔμπλαστροι Dsc.3.88
, cf. Asclep. ap. Gal.13.543;δυνάμεις Dsc.3.48
(v.l. κεφαλαλγικαῖς), cf. Arch.Pap. 4.270 (iii A.D.);δέλτοι Gal.2.607
; κεφαλική, ἡ, name of a herb, Griffith <*> Thompson Demotic Magical Papyrus versoiv 10. Adv. - after the manner of a head,Corp.Herm.
10.11.II touching the head or life,πράγματα PMag.Leid.V.5.13
; capital,δίκη POxy.2104.15
(iii A.D.);τιμωρία Rev.Bibl.35.285
([place name] Jerusalem), Cod.Just.1.12.3.2 (Theodosius II), Just.Nou.85.3.1; κίνδυνος ib.123.31. Adv. -κῶς, κολασθήσεσθαι to be punished capitally, Hdn.2.13.9;τιμωρεῖσθαι Just. Nou.123.31
, cf. Cod.Just.9.4.6.4.IV κ. σμίλη sharp, strong chisel, Gal.2.607.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κεφαλικός
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32 Ὠκεανός
Ὠκεανός: Oceanus, distinguished from the sea. (θάλασσα, πόντος, ἅλς) as a mighty stream (ποταμός, Il. 18.607, Il. 20.7; δόος Ὠκεανοῖο, Il. 16.151; cf. Milton's ‘ocean stream’) encircling the whole Earth, Il. 18.607. The constellations (excepting the Great Bear, which in Greek latitudes does not dip below the horizon) are conceived as sinking below Oceanus and emerging from it on the other side of the Earth, as they set and rise. Beyond Ocean is the entrance to the nether world, and Elysium is on its hither bank, Od. 10.508, Od. 4.568. (In the cut, which represents a design of the shield of Achilles, the outer rim [5] indicates the stream of Ocean.)—Personified, Ὠκεανός, husband of Tethys, father of all streams and fountains, and indeed, of all the gods, Od. 4.568, Od. 10.139, Il. 14.311, 201.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > Ὠκεανός
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33 κλύζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wash (away), clean', pass. (intr.) `wash, surge, drench'.Other forms: ipf. iter. κλύζεσκον (Ψ 61), aor. pass. κλυσθῆναι (Il.), fut. κλύσ(σ)ω (h. Ap. 75, Pi.), aor. act. κλύσαι (IA.), perf. κέκλυκα, κέκλυσμαι (Att.),Derivatives: κλύσις `washing' (Hp.), mostly of the prefixed verbs ἐπίκλυσις etc. (IA.); κλύσμα (also κατάκλυσμα a. o.) `fluidity, with which something is washed, clystier', also `surge, shore' (IA.), with κλυσμάτιον, - ματικός (Hp.); ( ἐπι-, κατα- etc.) κλυσμός `inundation etc.' (IA.); κλυστήρ, - ῆρος m. `clystier-pipe' (Hdt.) with - τήριον, - τηρίδιον. - Further σύγ-κλυ-ς, - δος `washed together, thrown-' (Th., Pl.), κλύ-δ-α acc. sg. `beating of the waves' (Nic. Al. 170; archaising innoavtion?), κλύ-δ-ων, - ωνος m. `waving, surf, turmoil' (μ 421) with κλυδώνιον (A., E.), κλυδων-ίζομαι `be thrown around by the waves' (LXX, J.) with κλυδωνισμός (Hdn.), - ισμα (Suid.). - Expressive enlargement ( ἐγ-, συγ-)κλυδάζομαι `splash etc.' (Hp.; - άττομαι D. L.) with κλυδασμός, ( ἐγ)κλύδαξις, ἐγκλυδαστικός (Hp.); details in Debrunner IF 21, 221f. - Also κλυδάω, of σταῖς, πηλός, `being (made) wet, soft, be mouldable' (Arist.), prob. after φλυδάω.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [607] *ḱlō-, ḱlū- (= *ḱluH-?) `wash, purify'Etymology: The formation as the sound-like βλύζω, φλύζω, the present κλύζω stands close to the nominale δ-forms κλύ-δ-α, κλύ-δ-ων; from *κλυ-δ-ι̯ω or arisen as denominative yot-present (z. B. Schwyzer 715f.) or an independent enlargement in - ζω (with κλύ-δ-ων etc. as backformations), can hardly be decided. An IE. d-enlargement is present in Germanic, e. g. Goth. hlutrs, NHG lauter (IE. *ḱlū-d-ro-); without -d- Welsh clir `hell, clear, pure' (IE. *ḱlū-ro-). A dentalless primary verb seems to be OLat. cluō `purgo' (only Plin. 15, 119; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v.) and is supposed by clo(v)āca `subterranean discharge canal'; further, with diff. ablaut, Lith. šlúoju, šlúoti `weap, wipe' (IE. *ḱlō[u]-). - More forms Pok. 607, W.-Hofmann s. cluō. (On Oldeurop. river names (* Cluentus in Cluentensis vicus a. o.) Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 5, 113f.)Page in Frisk: 1,876-877Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλύζω
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34 υἱός
υἱός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘son’① a male who is in a kinship relationship either biologically or by legal action, son, offspring, descendantⓐ the direct male issue of a person, son τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (cp. Mel., P. 8, 53 ὡς γὰρ υἱὸς τεχθείς). Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14) and 25; 10:37 (w. θυγάτηρ); Mk 12:6a; Lk 1:13, 31, 57; 11:11; 15:11 (on this JEngel, Die Parabel v. Verlorenen Sohn: ThGl 18, 1926, 54–64; MFrost, The Prodigal Son: Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1924, 56–60; EBuonaiuti, Religio 11, ’35, 398–402); Ac 7:29; Ro 9:9 (cp. Gen 18:10); Gal 4:22 al. W. gen. Mt 7:9; 20:20f; 21:37ab; Mk 6:3; 9:17; Lk 3:2; 4:22; 15:19; J 9:19f; Ac 13:21; 16:1; 23:16; Gal 4:30abc (Gen 21:10abc); Js 2:21; AcPlCor 2:29. Also ἐγὼ Φαρισαῖός εἰμι υἱὸς Φαρισαίων Ac 23:6 is prob. a ref. to direct descent. μονογενὴς υἱός (s. μονογενής 1) Lk 7:12. ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρωτότοκος (πρωτότοκος 1) 2:7.ⓑ the immediate male offspring of an animal (Ps 28:1 υἱοὺς κριῶν; Sir 38:25. So Lat. filius: Columella 6, 37, 4) in our lit. only as foal ἐπὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου Mt 21:5 (cp. Zech 9:9 πῶλον νέον).ⓒ human offspring in an extended line of descent, descendant, son Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ Mt 1:20 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 73); s. 2dα below. υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ (Ἰσραήλ 1) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22 al.; AcPlCor 2:32. οἱ υἱοὶ Λευί (Num 26:57) Hb 7:5. υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 19:9. υἱοὶ Ἀδάμ 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). υἱοι Ῥουβήλ GJs 6:3.ⓓ one who is accepted or legally adopted as a son (Herodian 5, 7, 1; 4; 5; Jos, Ant. 2, 263; 20, 150) Ac 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10).—J 19:26.② a pers. related or closely associated as if by ties of sonship, son, transf. sense of 1ⓐ of a pupil, follower, or one who is otherw. a spiritual son (SIG 1169, 12 οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ=the pupils and helpers [40] of Asclepius; sim. Maximus Tyr. 4, 2c; Just., D. 86, 6 οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν.—Some combination w. παῖδες is the favorite designation for those who are heirs of guild-secrets or who are to perpetuate a skill of some kind: Pla., Rep. 3, 407e, Leg. 6, 769b; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verbi 22 p. 102, 4 Us./Rdm. ῥητόρων παῖδες; Lucian, Anach. 19, Dial. Mort. 11, 1 Χαλδαίων π.=dream-interpreters, Dips. 5 ἱατρῶν π., Amor. 49; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 13 σοφῶν π.): the ‘sons’ of the Pharisees Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19. Peter says Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου 1 Pt 5:13 (perh. w. a component of endearment; s. Μᾶρκος). As a familiar form of address by a cherished mentor Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11; ParJer 5:28; 7:24). υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες B 1:1.ⓑ of the individual members of a large and coherent group (cp. the υἷες Ἀχαιῶν in Homer; also PsSol 2:3 οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 15; LXX) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin). υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραάμ Ac 13:26. οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5; Ps 11:2, 9; 44:3; TestLevi 3:10; TestZeb 9:7; GrBar 2:4) the sons of men=humans (cp. dγ below) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5; 1 Cl 61:2 (of the earthly rulers in contrast to the heavenly king).ⓒ of one whose identity is defined in terms of a relationship with a person or thingα. of those who are bound to a personality by close, non-material ties; it is this personality that has promoted the relationship and given it its character: son(s) of: those who believe are υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ, because Abr. was the first whose relationship to God was based on faith Gal 3:7. In a special sense the devout, believers, are sons of God, i.e., in the light of the social context, people of special status and privilege (cp. PsSol 17:27; Just., D, 124, 1; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 8 ὁ τοῦ Διὸς ὄντως υἱός; Epict. 1, 9, 6; 1, 3, 2; 1, 19, 9; Sextus 58; 60; 135; 376a; Dt 14:1; Ps 28:1; 72:15; Is 43:6 [w. θυγατέρες μου]; 45:11; Wsd 2:18; 5:5; 12:21 al.; Jdth 9:4, 13; Esth 8:12q; 3 Macc 6:28; SibOr 3, 702) Mt 5:45; Lk 6:35; Ro 8:14, 19 (‘Redeemer figures’ EFuchs, Die Freiheit des Glaubens, ’49, 108; against him EHommel in ThViat 4, ’52, 118, n. 26); 9:26 (Hos 2:1); 2 Cor 6:18 (w. θυγατέρες, s. Is 43:6 cited above); Gal 3:26 (cp. PsSol 17:27); 4:6a, 7ab (here the υἱός is the κληρονόμος and his opposite is the δοῦλος); Hb 2:10 (JKögel, Der Sohn u. die Söhne: Eine exeget. Studie zu Hb 2:5–18, 1904); 12:5–8 (in vs. 8 opp. νόθος, q.v.); Rv 21:7; 2 Cl 1:4; B 4:9. Corresp. there are sons of the devil (on this subj. cp. Hdb. on J 8:44) υἱὲ διαβόλου Ac 13:10. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ (masc.) Mt 13:38b. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου ApcPt Rainer. In υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας Mt 23:31 this mng. is prob. to be combined w. sense 1c. The expr. υἱοὶ θεοῦ Mt 5:9 looks to the future (s. Betz, SM ad loc.; cp. KKöhler, StKr 91, 1918, 189f). Lk 20:36a signifies a status akin to that of angels (Ps 88:7; θεῶν παῖδες as heavenly beings: Maximus Tyr. 11, 5a; 12a; 13, 6a.—Hierocles 3, 424 the ἄγγελοι are called θεῶν παῖδες; HWindisch, Friedensbringer-Gottessöhne: ZNW 24, 1925, 240–60, discounts connection w. angels and contends for the elevation of the ordinary followers of Jesus to the status of Alexander the Great in his role as an εἰρηνηποιός [cp. Plut., Mor. 329c]; for measured critique of this view s. Betz, SM 137–42.).β. υἱός w. gen. of thing, to denote one who shares in it or who is worthy of it, or who stands in some other close relation to it, oft. made clear by the context; this constr. is prob. a Hebraism in the main, but would not appear barbaric (B-D-F §162, 6; Mlt-H. 441; Dssm., B p. 162–66 [BS 161–66]; PASA II 1884, no. 2 υἱὸς πόλεως [time of Nero; on this type of formulation SEG XXXIX, 1864]; IMagnMai 167, 5; 156, 12) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (αἰών 2a) Lk 16:8a (opp. οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός vs. 8b); 20:34. τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοί (to Mediterranean publics the functional equivalent of ἀθάνατοι ‘immortals’; cp. ἀνάστασις 2b) 20:36b. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀνομίας (ἀνομία 1; cp. CD 6:15) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; τῆς ἀπειθείας (s. ἀπείθεια) Eph 2:2; 5:6; Col 3:6; τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:2. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας of Judas the informer J 17:12 (cp. similar expressions in Eur., Hec. 425; Menand., Dyscolus 88f: s. FDanker, NTS 7, ’60/61, 94), of the end-time adversary 2 Th 2:3. υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας (βασιλεία 1bη; s. SEG XXXIX, 1864 for related expressions) Mt 8:12; 13:38a. υἱοὶ βροντῆς Mk 3:17 (s. Βοανηργές). υἱὸς γεέννης (s. γέεννα) Mt 23:15; τ. διαθήκης (PsSol 17:15) Ac 3:25; εἰρήνης Lk 10:6. υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος (s. νυμφών) Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34. υἱὸς παρακλήσεως Ac 4:36 (s. Βαρναβᾶς). υἱοὶ (τοῦ) φωτός (Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4 in gnostic speculation) Lk 16:8b (opp. υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); J 12:36. υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας 1 Th 5:5 (EBuonaiuti, ‘Figli del giorno e della luce’ [1 Th 5:5]: Rivista storico-critica delle Scienze teol. 6, 1910, 89–93).ⓓ in various combinations as a designation of the Messiah and a self-designation of Jesusα. υἱὸς Δαυίδ son of David of the Messiah (PsSol 17:21) Mt 22:42–45; Mk 12:35–37; Lk 20:41–44; B 12:10c. Specif. of Jesus as Messiah Mt 1:1a; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; Lk 18:38f.—WWrede, Jesus als Davidssohn: Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 147–77; WBousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 4, Rel.3 226f; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 68; 72; 77; 84; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 251–56; WMichaelis, Die Davidsohnschaft Jesu usw., in D. histor. Jesus u. d. kerygm. Christus, ed. Ristow and Matthiae, ’61, 317–30; LFisher, ECColwell Festschr. ’68, 82–97.β. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, υἱὸς θεοῦ (the) Son of God (for the phrase s. JosAs 6:2 al. Ἰωσὴφ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; there is no undisputed evidence of usage as messianic title in pre-Christian Judaism [s. Dalman, Worte 219–24, Eng. tr. 268–89; Bousset, Kyrios Christos2 53f; EHuntress, ‘Son of God’ in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era: JBL 54, ’35, 117–23]; cp. 4Q 246 col. 2, 1 [JFitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean ’79, 90–93; JCollins, BRev IX/3, ’93, 34–38, 57]. Among polytheists on the other hand, sons of the gods in a special sense [s. Just., A I, 21, 1f] are not only known to myth and legend, but definite historical personalities are also designated as such. Among them are famous wise men such as Pythagoras and Plato [HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest2 1911, 71ff], and deified rulers, above all the Roman emperors since the time of Augustus [oft. in ins and pap: Dssm., B 166f=BS 166f, LO 294f=LAE 346f; Thieme 33]. According to Memnon [I B.C./ I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 1, 1 Jac., Clearchus [IV B.C.] carried his boasting so far as Διὸς υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνειπεῖν. Also, persons who were active at that time as prophets and wonder-workers laid claim to the title υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, e.g. the Samaritan Dositheus in Origen, C. Cels. 6, 11; sim. an Indian wise man who calls himself Διὸς υἱός Arrian, Anab. 7, 2, 3; cp. Did., Gen. 213, 18 ὁ Ἀβρὰμ υἱὸς θεοῦ διὰ δικαιοσύνην. S. GWetter, ‘Der Sohn Gottes’ 1916; Hdb. exc. on J 1:34; s. also Clemen2 76ff; ENorden, Die Geburt des Kindes 1924, 75; 91f; 132; 156f; EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 1:11 [4th ed. ’50]; M-JLagrange, Les origines du dogme paulinien de la divinité de Christ: RB 45, ’36, 5–33; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 187–208; HBraun, ZTK 54, ’57, 353–64; ANock, ‘Son of God’ in Paul. and Hellen. Thought: Gnomon 33, ’61, 581–90 [=Essays on Religion and the Anc. World II, ’72, 928–39]—originality in Paul’s thought): Ps 2:7 is applied to Jesus υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε Lk 3:22 D; GEb 18, 37.—Ac 13:33; Hb 1:5a; 5:5; 1 Cl 36:4. Likew. Hos 11:1 (w. significant changes): Mt 2:15, and 2 Km 7:14: Hb 1:5b. The voice of God calls him ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (s. ἀγαπητός 1) at his baptism Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; GEb 18, 37 and 39 and at the Transfiguration Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:35 (here ἐκλελεγμένος instead of ἀγαπ.); 2 Pt 1:17. Cp. J 1:34. The angel at the Annunciation uses these expressions in referring to him: υἱὸς ὑψίστου Lk 1:32; GJs 11:3 and υἱὸς θεοῦ Lk 1:35 (Ar. 15, 1 ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου. Cp. Just., A I, 23, 2 μόνος ἰδίως υἱὸς τῷ θεῷ γεγέννηται). The centurion refers to him at the crucifixion as υἱὸς θεοῦ Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; GPt 11:45; cp. vs. 46 (CMann, ET 20, 1909, 563f; JPobee, The Cry of the Centurion, A Cry of Defeat: CFDMoule Festschr. ’70, 91–102; EJohnson, JSNT 31, ’87, 3–22 [an indefinite affirmation of Jesus]). The high priest asks εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:63 (DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’71, 213–26). Passers-by ask him to show that he is God’s Son 27:40; sim. the devil 4:3, 6; Lk 4:3, 9. On the other hand, evil spirits address him as the Son of God Mt 8:29; Mk 3:11; 5:7; Lk 4:41; 8:28; and disciples testify that he is Mt 14:33; 16:16. S. also Mk 1:1 (s. SLegg, Ev. Sec. Marc. ’35).—Jesus also refers to himself as Son of God, though rarely apart fr. the Fourth Gosp.: Mt 28:19 (the Risen Lord in the trinitarian baptismal formula); Mt 21:37f=Mk 12:6 (an allusion in the parable of the vinedressers).—Mt 27:43; Mk 13:32; Rv 2:18. The main pass. is the so-called Johannine verse in the synoptics Mt 11:27=Lk 10:22 (s. PSchmiedel, PM 4, 1900,1–22; FBurkitt, JTS 12, 1911, 296f; HSchumacher, Die Selbstoffenbarung Jesu bei Mt 11:27 [Lk 10:22] 1912 [lit.]; Norden, Agn. Th. 277–308; JWeiss, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 120–29, Urchristentum 1917, 87ff; Bousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 45ff; EMeyer I 280ff; RBultmann, Gesch. d. synopt. Trad.2 ’31, 171f; MDibelius, Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums2 ’33, 259; MRist, Is Mt 11:25–30 a Primitive Baptismal Hymn? JR 15, ’35, 63–77; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi: E. Studie zu Mt 11:25–30, ’37; WDavies, ‘Knowledge’ in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30, HTR 45, ’53, 113–39; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; JBieneck, Sohn Gottes als Christusbez. der Synopt. ’51; PWinter, Mt 11:27 and Lk 10:22: NovT 1, ’56, 112–48; JJocz, Judaica 13, ’57, 129–42; OMichel/OBetz, Von Gott Gezeugt, Beih. ZNW [Jeremias Festschr.] 26, ’60, 3–23 [Qumran]).—Apart fr. the synoptics, testimony to Jesus as the Son of God is found in many parts of our lit. Oft. in Paul: Ro 1:3, 4, 9; 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; 1 Cor 1:9; 15:28; 2 Cor 1:19; Gal 1:16; 2:20; 4:4; Eph 4:13; Col 1:13; 1 Th 1:10. Cp. Ac 9:20. In Hb: 1:2, 8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3, 28; 10:29. In greatest frequency in John (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 6 the Λόγος as υἱὸς θεοῦ. Likew. Philo, Agr. 51 πρωτόγονος υἱός, Conf. Lingu. 146 υἱὸς θεοῦ.—Theoph. Ant. 2, 1 [p. 154, 12] ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ; Iren. 3, 12, 2 [Harv. II 55, 2]): J 1:49; 3:16–18 (s. μονογενής 2), 35f; 5:19–26; 6:40; 8:35f; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 14:13; 17:1; 19:7; 20:31; 1J 1:3, 7; 2:22–24; 3:8, 23; 4:9f, 14f; 5:5, 9–13, 20; 2J 3, 9.—B 5:9, 11; 7:2, 9; 12:8; 15:5; Dg 7:4; 9:2, 4; 10:2 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ; also ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 22 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1f); IMg 8:2; ISm 1:1; MPol 17:3; Hv 2, 2, 8; Hs 5, 2, 6 (ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀγαπητός); 8; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 2; 3; 5; 5, 6, 1; 2; 4; 7 (on the Christology of the Shepherd s. Dibelius, Hdb. on Hs 5, also ALink and JvWalter [πνεῦμα 5cα]); Hs 8, 3, 2; 8, 11, 1. Cp. 9, 1, 1; 9, 12, 1ff.—In trinitarian formulas, in addition to Mt 28:19, also IMg 13:1; EpilMosq 5; D 7:1, 3.—The deceiver of the world appears w. signs and wonders ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ D 16:4 (ApcEsdr 4:27 p. 28, 32 Tdf. ὁ λέγων• Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ [of Antichrist]).—EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 16–44; GVos, The Self-disclosure of Jesus 1926.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 404–17; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 211–36; MHengel, The Son of God (tr. JBowden) ’76; DJones, The Title υἱὸς θεοῦ in Acts: SBLSP 24, ’85, 451–63.γ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’ (the pl. form οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων appears freq. in the LXX to render בְּנֵי אָדָם = mortals, e.g. Gen 11:5; Ps 10:4; 11:2; cp. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπολείας J 17:12 [s. 2cβ]) ‘the human being, the human one, the man’ in our lit. only as a byname in ref. to Jesus and in an exclusive sense the Human One, the Human Being, one intimately linked with humanity in its primary aspect of fragility yet transcending it, traditionally rendered ‘the Son of Man.’ The term is found predom. in the gospels, where it occurs in the synoptics about 70 times (about half as oft. if parallels are excluded), and in J 12 times (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 8:31). In every case the title is applied by Jesus to himself. Nowhere within a saying or narrative about him is it found in an address to him: Mt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27f; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:10 [11] v.l.; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:13 v.l., 31; 26:2, 24ab, 45, 64; Mk 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21ab, 41, 62; Lk 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56 v.l., 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7.—John (FGrosheide, Υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρ. in het Evang. naar Joh.: TSt 35, 1917, 242–48; HDieckmann, D. Sohn des Menschen im J: Scholastik 2, 1927, 229–47; HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; 31, ’32, 199–204; WMichaelis, TLZ 85, ’60, 561–78 [Jesus’ earthly presence]) 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27 (BVawter, Ezekiel and John, CBQ 26, ’64, 450–58); 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Whether the component of fragility (suggested by OT usage in ref. to the brief span of human life and the ills to which it falls heir) or high status (suggested by traditions that appear dependent on Da 7:13, which refers to one ‘like a human being’), or a blend of the two dominates a specific occurrence can be determined only by careful exegesis that in addition to extra-biblical traditions takes account of the total literary structure of the document in which it occurs. Much neglected in the discussion is the probability of prophetic association suggested by the form of address Ezk 2:1 al. (like the OT prophet [Ezk 3:4–11] Jesus encounters resistance).—On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46–48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f) s. Bousset, Rel.3 352–55; NMessel, D. Menschensohn in d. Bilderreden d. Hen. 1922; ESjöberg, Kenna 1 Henok och 4 Esra tanken på den lidande Människosonen? Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 163–83, D. Menschensohn im äth. Hen. ’46. This view is in some way connected w. Da 7:13; acc. to some it derives its real content fr. an eschatological tradition that ultimately goes back to Iran (WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 160–223; Reitzenstein, Erlösungsmyst. 119ff, ZNW 20, 1921, 18–22, Mysterienrel.3 418ff; Clemen2 72ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man: A Study in the Religious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient 1927); acc. to this tradition the First Man was deified; he will return in the last times and usher in the Kingdom of God.—Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56 (v.l. τοῦ θεοῦ; GKilpatrick, TZ 21, ’65, 209); Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13; sim. allusion to Da in Just., D. 31, 1). The quot. fr. Ps 8:5 in Hb 2:6 prob. does not belong here, since there is no emphasis laid on υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου. In IEph 20:2 Jesus is described as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ. Differently B 12:10 Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Jesus, not a man’s son, but Son of God.—HLietzmann, Der Menschensohn 1896; Dalman, Worte 191–219 (Eng. tr., 234–67); Wlh., Einl.2 123–30; PFiebig, Der Menschensohn 1901; NSchmidt, The Prophet of Nazareth 1905, 94–134, Recent Study of the Term ‘Son of Man’: JBL 45, 1926, 326–49; FTillmann, Der Menschensohn 1907; EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 65ff; HHoltzmann, Das messianische Bewusstsein Jesu, 1907, 49–75 (lit.), Ntl. Theologie2 I 1911, 313–35; FBard, D. Sohn d. Menschen 1908; HGottsched, D. Menschensohn 1908; EAbbott, ‘The Son of Man’, etc., 1910; EHertlein, Die Menschensohnfrage im letzten Stadium 1911, ZNW 19, 1920, 46–48; JMoffatt, The Theology of the Gospels 1912, 150–63; WBousset, Kyrios Christos2 1921, 5–22 (the titles of the works by Wernle and Althaus opposing his first edition [1913], as well as Bousset’s answer, are found s.v. κύριος, end); DVölter, Jesus der Menschensohn 1914, Die Menschensohnfrage neu untersucht 1916; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 247–50; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919 (see also the works by the same author referred to above in this entry); EMeyer II 335ff; HGressmann, ZKG n.s. 4, 1922, 170ff, D. Messias 1929, 341ff; GDupont, Le Fils d’Homme 1924; APeake, The Messiah and the Son of Man 1924; MWagner, Der Menschensohn: NKZ 36, 1925, 245–78; Guillaume Baldensperger, Le Fils d’Homme: RHPR 5, 1925, 262–73; WBleibtreu, Jesu Selbstbez. als der Menschensohn: StKr 98/99, 1926, 164–211; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926; OProcksch, D. Menschensohn als Gottessohn: Christentum u. Wissensch. 3, 1927, 425–43; 473–81; CMontefiore, The Synoptic Gospels2 1927 I 64–80; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, Eng. tr. The Kgdm. of God and the Son of Man, tr. Filson and Woolf2 ’43; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 332ff; PParker, The Mng. of ‘Son of Man’: JBL 60, ’41, 151–57; HSharman, Son of Man and Kingdom of God ’43; JCampbell, The Origin and Mng. of the Term Son of Man: JTS 48, ’47, 145–55; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 307–13 (survey and lit.); TManson, ConNeot 11, ’47, 138–46 (Son of Man=Jesus and his disciples in Mk 2:27f); GDuncan, Jesus, Son of Man ’47, 135–53 (survey); JBowman, ET 59, ’47/48, 283–88 (background); MBlack, ET 60, ’48f, 11–15; 32–36; GKnight, Fr. Moses to Paul ’49, 163–72 (survey); TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 237–50; TManson (Da, En and gospels), BJRL 32, ’50, 171–93; TPreiss, Le Fils d’Homme: ÉThR 26/3, ’51, Life in Christ, ’54, 43–60; SMowinckel, He That Cometh, tr. Anderson, ’54, 346–450; GIber, Überlieferungsgesch. Unters. z. Begriff des Menschensohnes im NT, diss. Heidelb. ’53; ESjöberg, D. verborgene Menschensohn in den Ev. ’55; WGrundmann, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Backgrd. of NT Christology, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 81–95; PhVielhauer, Gottesreich u. Menschensohn in d. Verk. Jesu, GDehn Festschr. ’57, 51–79; ESidebottom, The Son of Man in J, ET 68, ’57, 231–35; 280–83; AHiggins, Son of Man- Forschung since (Manson’s) ‘The Teaching of Jesus’: NT Essays (TW Manson memorial vol.) ’59, 119–35; HTödt, D. Menschensohn in d. synopt. Überl. ’59 (tr. Barton ’65); JMuilenburg, JBL 79, ’60, 197–209 (Da, En); ESchweizer, JBL 79, ’60, 119–29 and NTS 9, ’63, 256–61; BvIersel, ‘Der Sohn’ in den synopt. Jesusworten, ’61 (community?); MBlack, BJRL 45, ’63, 305–18; FBorsch, ATR 45, ’63, 174–90; AHiggins, Jesus and the Son of Man, ’64; RFormesyn, NovT 8, ’66, 1–35 (barnasha=‘I’); SSandmel, HSilver Festschr. ’63, 355–67; JJeremias, Die älteste Schicht der Menschensohn-Logien, ZNW 58, ’67, 159–72; GVermes, MBlack, Aram. Approach3, ’67, 310–30; BLindars, The New Look on the Son of Man: BJRL 63, ’81, 437–62; WWalker, The Son of Man, Some Recent Developments CBQ 45, ’83, 584–607; JDonahue, Recent Studies on the Origin of ‘Son of Man’ in the Gospels, CBQ 48, ’86, 584–607; DBurkitt, The Nontitular Son of Man, A History and Critique: NTS 40, ’94 504–21 (lit.); JEllington, BT 40, ’89, 201–8; RGordon, Anthropos: 108–13.—B. 105; DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
35 προ-δίδωμι
προ-δίδωμι (s. δίδωμι), 1) vorher od. vorausgeben, vorausbezahlen, Pol. 8, 17, 7. – 2) bes. herausgeben, dem Feinde ausliefern, verrathen; ὅςτις τὸ σὸν ϑνητοῖσι προὔδωκεν γέρας, Aesch. Prom. 38; μὴ προδῷς πυργώματα, Spt. 233; τὸν φυγάδα μὴ προδῷς, Suppl. 415, u. öfter; ἀπόλωλα τλήμων, προδέδομαι, Soph. Phil. 911; μήποτε προδώσειν τάςδε ἑκών, O. C. 1630, u. oft; auch ἐπ' ἀργύρῳ γε τὴν ψυχὴν προδούς, Ant. 322; ἄνδρ' ἀπόντ' ἐκ δωμάτων προὔδωκε, Eur. Or. 574, u. öfter; auch c. int., ὃν σὺ προὔδωκας ϑανεῖν, 1588; τὰς πύλας, φρούριον, Ar. Av. 766 Ran. 362; τὰ πράγματα, Equ. 241; u. in Prosa: τινί τι, Her. 6, 23. 8, 128; u. pass., 7, 137; auch = in der Noth verlassen, im Stiche lassen, bes. in der Schlacht, 5, 113. 6, 15; πρός τινα, 3, 45; τὸ δοκοῠν ἀληϑὲς οὐχ ὅσιον προδιδόναι, Plat. Rep. X, 607 c; οἳ τὸ δίκαιον οὐκ ἄν ποτε προδοῖεν ἕνεκα δώρων, Legg. X, 907 a, u. öfter, wie Xen., z. B. Cyr. 6, 3, 27; προδοσίαν ἣν προδέδωκε, Din. 1, 10; – aufgeben, τὰς ἡδονὰς ὅταν προδῶσιν ἄνδρες, Soph. Ant. 1165; ἀγῶνα, Aesch. 1, 115. – Auch scheinbar intr., wie deficere, abnehmen, ausgehen, z. B. von einem Flusse, der austrocknet und nicht mehr für das Bedürfniß der Trinkenden hinreicht, sie gleichsam verräth oder im Stiche läßt, Her. 7, 187; von einem Walle, der nachgiebt, seine Dienste versagt, 8, 52; vgl. Xen. Hell. 5, 2, 5; ἐπεὶ ᾔσϑετο τὸν ὀφϑαλμὸν αὐτὸν προδιδόντα, daß seine Augen ihn verließen, Dem. 52, 13.
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36 παρα-σκευάζω
παρα-σκευάζω, zurecht oder fertig machen, zubereiten; δεῖπνον, Her. 9, 82; τοῦτο τὸ δεῖπνον παρασκευάζεται, 9, 110; ὀϑόνια, κηρωτὴν παρασκευάζετε, Ar. Ach. 1176; στρατείαν, Thuc. 4, 74; νηῒ οἶνον καὶ ἄλφιτα, 3, 49, wie σιτία τινί, Plat. Rep. II, 369 e; δαψιλῆ τἀναγκαῖα σφίσι, Pol. 1, 18, 5; Sp; – bereiten, verursachen, εὐδαιμονίαν, Plat. Conv. 188 d, δόξαν, Rep. II, 361 a, εὐμάρειαν, Legg. V, 738 d; neben μηχανάομαι, Antiph. 1, 28; τινὰ εὐσεβέστερον, Xen. Mem. 4, 3, 17; τοὺς πολιορκουμένους εὐϑαρσεῖς, Pol. 1, 46, 13. – Med. sich zurecht machen, sich rüsten, vorbereiten, ϑεοὺς προςειπεῖν εὖ παρασκευάζομαι, Aesch. Ag. 344; u. so c. inf., Ar. Nubb. 607 Her. 1, 71 Thuc. 3, 110 u. A.; u. mit hinzutretendem ὥςτε, Eur. Herc. Fur. 1241; παρεσκευασμένος ξὺν τῷδε ϑαλλῷ καὶ στέφει προςίξομαι, Aesch. Choeph. 1034, versehen damit, vgl. Ag. 1396; παρεσκευάζετο ὅπλα ἐς τὰς γεφύρας, Her. 7, 25, vgl. 3, 150; ἐς ναυμαχίην, 9, 96. 99; ὡς εἰς μάχην, Xen. An. 1, 8, 1; πρός τι, Thuc. 3, 69, wie Pol. πρὸς τὸ μέλλον, 4, 61, 4; mit ὡς u. part. fut., παρεσκευάζετο ὡς ἐλῶν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀπρίην, er rüstete sich, schickte sich an gegen den Ap. zu ziehen, Her. 2, 162. 5, 34. 7, 218. 9, 122; Thuc. 4, 8; παρεσκευάζετο ὡς ἀπιοῦσα, Xen. Cyr. 1, 3, 13; auch ohne ὡς, Thuc. 6, 54; Xen. Hell. 4, 1, 41; der auch ἀκινάκην παρεσκευασμένος vrbdt, Cyr. 7, 3, 14; mit folgendem ὅπως ἔσονται, Plat. Gorg. 503 a, wie Thuc. 2, 99; vgl. auch αὑτὸν παρασκευάζειν ὡς ἔσται βέλτιστος, Plat. Apol. 39 d; u. absolut, νῦν δ', ὥςπερ παρεσκεύασαι πορεύου εἰς ἀγρόν, Crat. 440 e; ἐπειδὴ αὐτοῖς παρεσκεύαστο, Thuc. 1, 46; vgl. παρεσκευάδατο τοῖς Ἕλλησι, Her. 9, 100; τούτῳ ἄριστα παρεσκεύασται ζῆν, Plat. Menex. 248 a; – παρασκευασάμενοι ῥήτορας, anstiftend, Is. 1, 7. – Bei Dem. 27, 2 entspricht sich παρασκευάσασϑαι δυναμένους und λέγειν ἱκανούς, auf die mancherlei Machinationen gehend; vgl. αὐτὸς μάρτυρας ψευδεῖς παρεσκεύασται, 29, 27.
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37 παρα-δύομαι
παρα-δύομαι, mit aor. II. act. παρέδῡν (s. δύω), daneben hineingehen; στεινωπῷ ἐν ὁδῷ παραδύμεναι, Il. 23, 416; παρέδυν, Ar. Eccl. 55; εἰς τὴν πόλιν παραδύντα, Plat. Rep. IV, 421 e; ἡ παρανομία ῥᾳδίως λανϑάνει παραδυομένη, IV, 424 d; παρέδυ ἐπὶ τὴν εἴςπραξιν, Dem. 24, 160; εἶϑ' ὅταν παραδύῃ τὸ οἰνάριον, Ath. XIII, 607 c.
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38 πατάκτρια
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39 περι-κλυτός
περι-κλυτός, eigtl. rings umher gehört, wovon man rings umher hört, weit und breit berühmt, ruhmvoll; Hephästus, Il. 1, 607 Od. 8, 287 u. öfter; υἱός, Il. 18, 326; ἀοιδός, Od. 1, 325. 8, 83, wo man es ohne Grund »weit tönend od. singend« übersetzen will; auch von Sachen, ἔργα, Il. 6, 324, δῶρα, 7, 299. 9, 121; bei Hes. stets Beiwort des Hephästus.
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40 περι-δύω
περι-δύω (s. δύω), ringsum ausziehen; ἐπεὶ περίδυσε χιτῶνας, Il. 11, 100; περιδύσαντες αὐτόν, Antiph. 2 β 5; Ath. XIII, 607 f; περιδῦσαι, Hyperid. bei Poll. 7, 44. – Med. und intr. tempp. sich ausziehen, Epicharm. bei D. L. 3, 17, D. Hal. u. a. Sp. – Die VLL. erkl. noch περιδύεται durch εἰςδύεται, κρύπτεται.
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